The idea of practical physick in twelve books ... / written in Latin by John Johnston ... ; and Englished by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ... and W.R.

Title I. Of the Several sorts of Tumors.

SO much may suffice to have spoken of Diseases in ge∣neral and of their cure. Diseases considered in their several sorts, are either Ex∣ternal or Internal. The former are Tumor or Sewl∣lings, Diseases of the Skin, Diseases of the Hair, Ʋlcers, Dislo∣cations or Disjointing, and Fractures: and therefore there wil be likwise, just so many Titles in this Book.

Chap. 1. Of Swellings or Tumors Caused by Blood.

Article, I. Touching over-great Corpu∣lency.

SOme Tumors spring from Blood, others from Choller, Flegm, Melancholly, from Watry and wheyish Humors, and some from a Mixture of these one with another. Those which spring from Blood are, Over-great Cor∣pulency, Inflamations, Bubo's, Phygetlon, Phyma, Furunculus, Parotis, Paronychia, Perniona's, Ecchymofis, Carbunculus.

Corpulentia nimia, is an over-great increase of the Bodies Bulk caused by too much plenty of Flesh and Fat.

Signes are needless. The Consequences thereof are an Hindrance of the Motions and Operations of the body, shortness of breath, by reason of the passages being stopt, somtimes suddain Death in such as grow Fat when they are young, Barrenness because of the seeds wa∣trishness.

• The CAUSE is, the Increase of Flesh and Fat.
• The CURE varies according to the va∣riety of the Differences.
• The DIFFERENCES are taken from the Causes.

I. One sort springs from Encrease of Flesh, which is Caused through plenty of good

Blood, made by a temperate Liver out of meates of good Juyce, the hot and moist tem∣per of the Musculous p••rts of the Body, assist∣ing thereunto. It is Cured.

• 1. By Eva∣cuation through Blood letting, Cupping, Fasting, Eriction.
• 2. By Consuming the Flesh, with such things as strongly dry, and moderately heat.

II. Another from the encrease of Fat, caus∣ed by the Oyliness and fattyness of the Blood, falling out of the Veins into the Membranous parts, and there congealed by the moderate heat and Efficacy of the said parts. Tis Cured

• 1. By Evacuation, but it must be sparing, because such persons are apt to fal into cold Diseases.
• 2. By Consumption of the Fat, effected by things hot, bitter, diuretick; yet so as care be had, that by over much heating, another Disease be not Caused.

Article, II. Of an Inflamation.

An Inflamation is a Preternatural swel∣ling of the fleshy parts, springing from blood which besides the intent of Nature flows into the said parts.

The SIGNES are, Heat, which is cau∣sed partly by reason of the Blood, partly by the stoppage of the pores springing from plen∣ty and thickness of blood, which stoppage wil not suffer the Fuliginous Vapors to exhale; and partly by the bloods putrefaction. Pain, both by reason of the distemper, and the solu∣tion of continuity, caused by plenty of blood, filling and distending the part. Redness, the blood communicating its color to the part af∣fected. Tension or Stretching, because of the abundance of blood distending the whol sub∣stance of the Part. Renitency or Tightness, from the same Cause. Pulsation by reason of the distention of the inflamed parts, caused by the heaving of the Artery, which wants freedom of roome to move it self.

The CAUSE is, the plenty of blood, or its sharpness by reason of Chollerick Humors; which because they provoke Nature, they are by her thrust out, she using the blood as her Vehicle or Chariot to ride in, which flowes plentifully to the part, by reason of its pain. The Manner of its Breeding, is this. An Hot Fluxion, causing the blood to fal into the Muscles, first the great Veins, then the lesser, then the least of al are distended. And when the fluxion can be in them no longer contained, it partly sweats through the Coats of the Ves∣sels, which have also their pores; and is partly sent out of the smal Orifices of the Ca∣pillary Veins, which open themselves into the substance of the part, and shed into the empty spaces, which are between the first bodies or Particles; whence the parts gather Heat.

The CURE is performed.

• 1. By Blood letting, that more blood may not flow into the part. If we should presently fal to work with repellers, the matter would be carryed to ano∣ther place.
• 2. By Purgation, because sharp Humors give occasion to the Flux.
• 3. By Alteration that the blood may be cooled and thickned, provided the Veins be not strait, and the Patient not troubled with obstruction of the Bowels.
• 4. By Revulsion, that the Hu∣mor may be drawn to a contrary part: which is then best performed by bloodletting, when the matter is much in quantity and violently moved; by other waies and means, when it is little; Yea, and in such a case, it may be done by Repellers and Discussers.
• 5. By Repul∣sion, with repelling Medicaments, either wa∣try only, or withal restringent. The Former are to be used. in thine Humors, seated in the surface of the Body, not much in quantity, Joyned with Heat; and of that sort are House leek Venus-navil, or Penny-wort, Violets and such like. The Latter have place in extremi∣ty of pain, where the Vessels are large, and the fluxion is caused through weakness of the parts affected. Chirurgeons frequently use the Whites of Eggs beaten together with Rose∣water.
• 6. By Interception with Defensative Medicaments, which are fitly applied to such parts as are not fleshy, and through which the larger Vessels run. Oyl is judged improper to be mingled with these kind of Medicaments.
• 7. By Derivation of that blood, which has flowed into the parts.
• 8. By Discussion with discussive Medicaments; amongst which, the Gentler are the Roots of Marsh-Mallows, and of white Lillys, Chamamel flowers &c. The Stronger, Orice Roots, Elder flowers, Gum Ammoniack, Bdellium, Bears Grease. The Strongest of al are Nitre, Sulphur, Lime &c.

The DIFFERENCES are taken from the subject and Cause.

From the Subject. 1. There is one of the Fleshy parts, which is finished in the four∣teenth day. Another of the Tendons and Li∣gaments, which because their substance is more compact and hard, is terminated with greater difficulty: yet it does not exceed the fortieth day.

From the Cause. Either it is from good Blood and is termed simply a Phlegmon or In∣flamation;

or from bad Blood, which has either quite changed its nature, and that raises no kind of swelling; or it has other Humors mingled therewith; and then, if Choller be mingled, it causes that Inflamation which is termed Phlegmone Exysipelatodes; is flegm, Phlegmon Oedematodes; if Melancholy, Phlegmon Scirrhodes.

Article, III. Of the Bubo, or Inflamation so called.

The Bubo, is an Inflamatian of the Ker∣nels which are seated in the Arme-pits, or in the Groines.

The SIGNES are a stif swelling that yeilds not to the touch, with redness, pain, and a slight fever.

The CAUSE is Blood slipt into the Ker∣nels, together with a vitious Humor provo∣king Nature to expulsion.

The CURE is Doubtful, when they ripen slowly, because they may turn to dangerous fistulaes. It is according to the Cure of Infla∣mations. Digestion must be procured by stronger Medicaments, because the part affect∣ed is colder Suppuration ought to be hastened, least new ones should break forth. The Bal∣sam of Sulfur and the Plaister of Sulphur of Rulandus, are commended.

The Differences are divers.

I. One is Symptomatical to which that which was lately said is appliable. Another is Critical, which follows another Disease, and eases the sick by its breaking forth. It must be left to Nature, if the Crisis be perfect: if it be imperfect, the Humor must be drawn forth, by Cupping-Glasses and drawing Medica∣ments.

II. One sort comes in the Groines, which is sooner ripe, because it springs from blood, and more Heat flows to those parts. Another is in the Arme pits, which for the contrary Cause, is long ere it come to Maturity.

III. Some Buboes are Neither Malignant nor Contagious; which being in the extream parts of the Body, are soon suppurated, and not dangerous. Others are Malignant, Pesti∣lential, or Venerious: of which see in their proper places.

Article, IIII. Of the Phygetlon, Phyma, Furunculus, or Felon Tumor so called.

Phygetlon or Panus, is an hard swelling, somtimes arising after Feavers or pains in the Kernels or Almonds of the Eares. It Arises either Externally from an Ulcer, Pain, Bruise: or Internally from Chollerick Blood, or a Feaver, and is long in ripening. Oyl of Guai∣acum Wood, is good in this case. Phyma is a round swelling of the Kernels, smaller and flatter than the Phygetlon, less read and less painful, which soon comes to its height and turnes to suppuration. It Arises from Flegmatick Blood, and troubles Children cheifly. It is Cured by ripning, through ap∣plication of tosted Wheat &c.

Furunculus or Dothien, a Felon, is a lit∣tle swelling sharp pointed, not exceeding the largness of a Pigeons Egg, remarkeable for its redness and pain when it tends to Suppura∣tion.

Its Signes are known by the definition. It seldom comes single. It Springs from thick blood, and is thereby distinguished from an Inflamation; and the said Blood is not much a dust, and so it is differenced from a Carbun∣cle. The Cure is easie, especially if it rise high pointed, and is not hard nor forked. It is performed by Ripening. It is either Mild and Gentle, occupying only the Skin; or Ma∣lignant, rooted in the flesh. Or it is Pesti∣lentical and Epidemical, which being black or green, is joyned with a Malignant Feaver.

Article, V. Of the Tumer Parotis.

Parotis is an Inflamation of the Kernels be∣hind the Eares, proceeding from Blood, ei∣ther pure or mixed with vitious Humors.

The Signs are, Swelling, Pain, Redness which appears behind the Ears. The Cause is blood, either alone, or mixed with other vitious Humors, which slips into these parts, being sent from the whol body, or from rhe Brain. In the Cure, we must not repel, but Dis∣cuss by gentle Medicaments, least stronger should exasperate the Pain; Also Suppura∣tion may be procured, when Nature tends that way.

The DIFFERENCES are divers.

I. One sort is Critical, arising with Critical, signs, which is easie to cure; unless it hapen in

the end of a Disease, after other Evacuations, without the Abatement of the Symptomes. If it vanish away without Suppuration, it wil come again. It must be left to Nature; and being returned, it must be judged of, according to the Nature of its return. Another is Sym∣ptomatical, which if it spring from crude and undigested matter, it is dangerous, because the place is so nigh the brain. In the Cure, its an∣tecedent Cause must be deminished: and the Matter discussed, softened, and opened, that the Quittor may do no hurt.

II. Some are without feavers: others with feavers which are more dangerous.

III. Some are without Malignity: others are Pestilential and Malignant

IIII. In some the matter flows from the whol Body; in others, from the Brain.

Article, VI. Of Nail-sores, Kibes and Chilblaines.

Paronychia, the Nail-sore, is a Tumor arising upon the fingers ends, beside the Nails.

The SIGNES are taken from the Situa∣tion, and greatness of the Pain, because the Nervous parts adjacent are affected and the said pain reaches somtimes al the Arme over.

The CAUSE is blood adust, somtimes Malignant, which Nature thrusts out into those parts.

The CURE is contrived by Evacuation, Mitigation of Pain, and Suppuration. Re∣pellers must not be used, least we exasperate the pain, and fix the Humor. Oyl of Lead is commended by Agricola Page, 216. And Eare-Wax applied with a peice of Ele-Skin. Page, 246.

Perniones, Kibs and Chilblains, are swellings which arise in the winter time, upon the Heels, Toes and Fingers, with other parts of the Hands and Feet.

The SIGNS are, Refrigeration forgoing, Pains, Itch &c. The CAUSE, the winters cold weakening those parts, and by pain draw∣ing blood unto them. They are somtimes long-lasting, and though they go away in Summer, they return again in winter. In the Cure.

• 1. The cold must be expelled by plunging the part into cold Water.
• 2. The Part must be fomented with blood warm Milk, wherein Rose-Mary, Bay berries &c.

Have bin boy∣led; or it must be put into hot Water wherein frozen Turneps have been boyled.

Article, VII. Of an Ecchymoma.

Ecchymoma, is the effusion of Blood into the neighbouring spaces whereby a Part comes to have a livid, black and blew color.

SIGNS are needless, seeing the Disease is apparent to our Eye-sight.

The CAUSES are various; viz. Ana∣stomosis, Diapedesis, Diaeresis, Contusion, &c.

The CURE is performed.

• 1. By Blood-letting, if the Disease be great, least Inflama∣tion be caused.
• 2. By Repelling Medicaments which must not be moist, least blood flow in, and they must have discussors mingled with them. Honey of Roses laid on with blew Pa∣per is good, as is terra Sigillata dissolved with Water of Life.
• By Digestion, to which intent the Root of Solomons Seal bruised and steeped in Wine or other Liquor is good.
• 4. By ap∣plication of Cupping-Glasses, if digesters help not.
• 5. By laying on Ripeners that are. Of a middle Nature between strong and weak.
• 6. By opening the Tumor, least the Quittar corrupt the neighbouring parts, or make hol∣low fistulaes.
• 7. If the part encline to a Gangraen, we use to scarrifie the same, and to wash it with hot Vinegar, wherein the Root of Solomons Seal has been boyled. In∣wardly, such things must be given as dissolve clotted Blood.

Article, VIII. Of a Carbuncle.

A Carbuncle is a Tumor springing from Adust, thick, and most fervent blood dege∣nerating into black Choller, which corrupts the part.

The SIGNS are these following. A crusty Ulcer arises, blackish or Ash colored; not long after, a round Bubo, sharp and bur∣ning, which is worst towards the evening, breakes forth, and the flesh round about is very hot. There concurs a Feaver, stomach-sick∣ness, womiting, panting of the Heart, Swow∣nings, Ravings, &c.

The CAUSE is such blood as aforesaid, which being bread in the Body, and having at∣tained a certain degree of Malignity, is cast out, and continually generated by a new af∣flux of Matter.

The CURE in general is in a manner None, if having been red, they presently vanish away. Hard, of such as are black, and which are

seated in the emunctories; and near the noble members of the body. Easier, of such as are red, Smal, Single. The manner of pro∣ceeding in the Cure is this.

• 1. Let a Diet be prescribed cold and moist.
• 2. Blood-letting must be practised at the beginning, to take away fervent blood, provided it be not drawn through some noble Members.
• 3. The Ma∣lignant Humor must be prepared and Mitiga∣ted, to which intent Scabious is most preva∣lent.
• 4. We must Purge warily because of the acute Feaver.
• 5. The part must be Scar∣rified where you are to note, that the Scarrification is to be iterated, if the blood require the same again. We must not Draw, if the Humor flow violently into the part, least the Feaver and pain should be augmen∣ted. Nay rather, moderate Repression is to be caused, by applying Medicaments to that end three fingers space round about the Car∣buncle, To which intent the Pap of Appels is used, boyled with Vinegar of Roses into the form of a Pultis. A Qiniment of Bole-Armoniack, with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Roses &c. The Plaister of Agricola T. 1. Page, 139. The part being Scarified must be washed with Salt Water hot.
• 6. After it is washed Medicaments must be applied which resist putrefaction, especially made of Scabi∣ous and Devils-bit.
• 7. If Scarification help not, we must use Burning; but so, that we presently anoynt the Crust with Unguentum Aegyptiacum, or apply thereto a Cataplasme of Orobus meal and Oxymel simple, to remove the same, least if it remain upon the place, it prevent the breathing forth of the Malig∣nant Humor.
• 8. The crust being removed, the Ulcer must be cleansed &c.

The Cure thereof, see in Agricola T. 1. Page, 139. If you please.

The Difference is two-fold.

I. One sort is without any Pustle which discovers it self by those signs, of which men∣tion is made in general, and there is nothing singular in the cure thereof. Another is with a Pustle; which is known, because an Itching is first felt, and soon after, one smal pustle or more, like the graves of Milet shoot forth, which being broken a crusty Ulcer shews it self. In the Cure there is nothing singular observable.

II. Another is Pestilential, and then the Constitution of the year is such; the Symp∣tomes are stronger. The Cure is most Dif∣ficult, if it break out after a pestilential Fea∣ver, the heart being possessed by Malignant Humors. Tis easier, if it break out before, unless violent Symptomes appear soon after. In the progress thereof, these things are to be noted.

• 1. That Blood-letting must be avoid∣ed, because it breaks forth, after the Patients strength is dejected.
• 2. That we are cheifly to make use of Antidotes both Internally, and Externally.
• 3. Al possible diligence must be used, to hinder the putrefaction from sprea∣ding.

To break it, the Plaster of Heurnius in his comment upon the 55. Aphorisme of the fourth Book, is commended. Oyl of Antimonial butter, the Magnetick Plaister of Hartman, in his Chapter of the Plague. Ag∣ricola his Oyl of Mercury. T. 1. Page, 139. Elixi Pestilential of Crollius, &c. A Cata∣plasme of radishes beaten with Rose-Vinegar described by Joel T. 6.

Another is not Malignant and milder, which at first looks red like a Flegmone or Inflamation, and afterward waxes Yellow. For its Cure, see the general Rules.

Chap. 2. Of Tumors springing from Choller.

Article, 1. Of an Erysipelas or Tumor so called.

ANd so much may suffice to have spoken, concerning Tumors arising from blood. From Choller proceeds Erysipelas and Herpes.

Erysipelas, or St. Anthonies fire, is a Chollerick Tumor springing from Chollerick blood, flowing together into some part under the Skin, with a spot which is red, broad and dispersed up and down.

The SIGNS are, it seazes the patient with shiverings; after which a Feaver fol∣lows. There is a vehement biting and bur∣ning, so that smal bladders somtimes arise. The color is red inclining to yellow; not red inclining to brown; which, being pressed with the finger, vanishes and quickly returns. A pain which is neither pulsative nor vehe∣ment, and stretches it self out to the neigh∣bouring parts without tension. These signs are not observable in an Inflamation or Phleg∣mon.

The CAUSE is Chollerick blood, which is bred by an hot Liver, whereby it becomes more thin and movable: or by nature, many times because of a maligne quality, it is driven into the outward parts, or is moved by exter∣nal Causes &c.

The CURE is hard, if it follow upon the baring or fracture of bones. It if turne from the external to the internal parts. It is putri∣fie, or suppurate. If it arise on the Head or Face, because the Tumor being augmented, it causes the squinzy. If in the Liver or Womb of Women with Child, because it kils the In∣fant. It respects.

• 1. The driving away of the Disease, to which end are subservient.
  • 1. Blood-letting from the Liver or median Vein, in Plethorick and gross bodies.
  • 2. Pur∣gation by the cooler sort of choler-purgers.
  • 3. Provocation of sweat by Venice Treacle, in Elder-flower water &c.
  • 4. Application of Topick or external Medicaments, which must be liquid and thin, and frequently renewed. The principal are, the Lapis Medicamentosus Crollij. Menstrual blood dissolved in Groundsel-Water and Rose-vinegar. Bal∣som of Litturige with Camphire, in Frog-spawne-Water. Decoction of red Myrrh and Olibanum, each one ounce, in Wine and vi∣negar of each four ounces. A Linnen bay ful of wheat bran, heated. The Liniment of Sebize▪ at the end of his Book de Acidis.
• 2. Preservation from this Disease. Where Blood-letting is useful twice a year. Purga∣tion by Choler-purges. Diet enclining to cooling and moistning, wearing of stockings wet in Frog-spawn-water. The use of that Preservative mentioned by Sinnartus, in his second Book of Feavers Chap. 16.

It is divided two manner of waies.

I. One is Exquisite, to which the general rules aforesaid agree.

Another is Bastard, and that either Phleg∣monodes; Oedematodes &c. Wherein the Tumor is greater.

II. One is Simple, in which the top of the Skin is colored and tainted, and dry scales are raised like bran. In this case, after general remedies, cooling Topicks are to be applied, and the discussion must be left to Nature.

Another is Ʋlcerous, in which after the pustles are broken, saines or Blood-Water and quitter come out. It quickly breaks froth, with an evident Fluxion. It has great moist pustles. Tis quickly come to solution and of its own accord: and so tis distinguished from Herpes. To this al other things correspon∣ding, cooling Topicks or external Medica∣ments may be applied, til the color of the skin be altered. See the Cure in Rulandus.

Article, II. Of Herpes, or the Shingles.

Herpes, Fermica, or the Shingles, is a Tu∣mor raised by Yellow choler pure and unmixt with other Humors, upon the surface of some part of the body, and creeping along to the neighbouring parts.

The SIGNS are, a broad Tumor, ruffing the Skin; hardness, pain, sense of burning; it makes a Circular kind of progress, the middle parts healing, while the extream parts break out a fresh.

The CAUSE is Yellow choler sincere or unmixt, and thicker than in St. Anthonies fire, proceeding from its causes

The CURE respect.

• 1. The whol Body, which must be Evacuated.
• 2. The part af∣fected, which must be gently cooled.

Di∣gestion must be used and discussion, by dryers, if heat permit.

Its divided into Simple, and Eating.

I. The Simple or Milet fashon'd Herpes, roughs the top of the Skin, and is quartered only under the Epidermis or Skarfe-skin, raising thereupon very smal pupples, which have very smal height from the skin, like the graines of milet. If the pustles are whole, cold and dry things must be used: if broke, clean∣sers. Water of quick-Lime and Sugar of Lead are very good. A Decoction of Arse-smart and Resberry leaves in water and Wine &c.

II. The Eating or devouring Herpes, the pustles being broken exulcerates the true Skin, spreading it self in depth and breadth; and is long in coming forth by little and by little, it has dry pustles, lasts long, and comes unattended by a Feaver. Thus it is disting∣uished from an Ʋlcerous St. Anthonies fire. Stronger Medicaments must be used in these sorts of shingles.

Chap. 3. Of Tumors springing from Flegm.

Article, I. Of the Tumor cald Oedema.

OEdema, (being the only Tumor arising from Flegm) is a swelling caused by

Flegmatick matter, which Nature exples into the parts of the Body.

The SIGNS are, the softness and loos∣ness of the Tumor, pain none or very little, whiteish color, no heat.

The CAUSE is Flegmatick matter, the colder and moister part of the blood; which is somtimes expelled by Nature, somtimes tends downwards, by its own weight, and settles in the extream parts: It cheifly quar∣ters upon the Hands and feet, being Mem∣bers remote from the Fountain of Heat.

The CURE is performed.

• 1. By Diet, which must not occasion Fleagm and crudi∣ties. Fish are allowed, that swim in stony-bottomd Rivers.
• 2. By Alteration and Di∣gestion, where Oxymel and Oxysaccharum are good.
• 3 By Resolving with Discussers, but the part ought first to be heated by fricti∣ons and fomentations.
• 4. By Suppuration, if by pulsation and pain, we perceive it ten∣ding thereto.

Whereof see Platerus.

The Differences are sundry.

I. One springs from Flegm alone, which is more lasting; and is for the most part dis∣cussed by Resolution, that is to say, through the pores of the Skin. Another comes from it and other Humors mixt therewith; which sometimes suppurates, especially if it be in an hot part.

II. One arises of it self which is not dan∣gerous. Another sort follows other Dis∣eases, as the Consumption, cooling of the Liver &c. Which is dangerous and threa∣tens death. In the Cure, regard must be had of the Diseases upon which it depends.

Chap. 4. Of Tumors procee∣ding from the Melancholick Hu∣mor.

Article, I. Of the Tumor called Scirrhus.

THe Tumors which arise from the Humor of Melancholick are the Scirrhus and Cancer.

The Scirrhus is an hard Tumor without pain, springing from a Melancholick Humor, which is thick, clammy and roaping.

The SIGNS are, little or no pain over-great hardness, & want of feeling when it is pressed.

The CAUSE is, an Humor either Ma∣lancholick, that is to say the dreggy part of the Blood, or the natural Malancholick Ex∣crement; or somtimes also Flegmatick, which is either thickned by heat, dissipating the thin∣ner parts; from thence Inflamations, St. An∣thonies fire &c. Follow: or it is hardened by an Immoderate Application of repellers, astringents and strong Discussives.

The CURE is None, if it have no feeling: otherwise some cure may be. Tis hard by reason of the stubbornness of the matter. It is performed.

• 1. By Diet, which must yeild very good nourishment.
• 2. By the frequent Evacuation of the prepared Humors.
• 3. By Removing the Contment Cause, by Emolli∣ents and Discussers, either mixed together or used alone one after another, interchangably. The milder sort in persons tender and soft fleshed and when the Tumor is new. The stronger in harder bodies, and where the Scir∣rhus is old. Fabricius Hildanus his Plaister of Hemlock mentioned in the 25. Observa∣tion of his 3. Century. A Cataplasme of Briony Roots, Goats-dung and Ʋrin; are very good.
• 4. If it come to suppuration; by cleansing away the quittor with the Plaister of Diachylon simplex, omitting heaters and secti∣on or lancing, least it turn to a Cancer.

It is divided into a true or Legitimate, which is void of sense, and in which hairs grow upon the part, for which there is no Cure: and a bastard which is contrarily dis∣posed to the former.

Article, II. Of a Cancer.

A Cancer is a round Tumor, blue or black∣ish, having Veins round about it, ful and swelling, resembling the feet of a Crab; and springing from black Choller.

The SUBJECT are parts of the Body as wel external as internal, especially the moi∣ster and upper parts, as the Dugs of Wo∣men.

The SIGNS are drawn from the manner of its Rise. At first, its hardly so big as a bean, in the progress it exceeds a Wal-Nut and an Eg; it is hard, of a Leaden or livid color, or Else blackish, with heat, pain and pulsation; the veins round about swel with black blood, and resemble the feet of a Crab.

The CAUSE is adust and black Choler hanging in the veins, and by its thickness un∣able to pass along; which springs partly from

Nutriment affording such an Humor, which has not been drawn by the Spleen, partly from an hot burning distemper.

The CURE is difficult in al; both be∣cause it comes from a stubborne and Malig∣nant Cause: and because it lurks in the deep veins. It is not to be undertaken, if the Can∣cer be hidden. If it be seated in a Cavity of the body, in the palate, Fundament, or womb. There is no Cure, if it be confirmed, and seated in some noble part of the body. It is of some Hope, if it be smal, fresh, and stick in the surface of the body. How it is to be performed, see in the differences. As for what concernes the differences.

1. One sort is Exulcerated, which is easily known, and is caused by a mat∣ter sharper than ordinary. It has the appear∣ance of corrupted flesh, with stench, filthy matter coming forth, an horrid aspect, Lips very hard and turned in. There is a slow Feaver conjoyned, Swowning, black or yel∣low sains or Blood-water, running out of blood &c. Its Cure is either Palliative by gentle-dryers and coolers: or true.

• 1. By Incision to the quick, after which the corrupt blood must be pressed forth, the Ulcer con∣cocted, mundified (see Hartmans ponder, in his Chapter of a Cancer in the brest or Dug) filled with flesh &c.
• 2. By burning, either actual or potential, if the profounder and greater vessels be thereby occupied.

Another sort is not Ʋlcerated, which arises from a milder matter. Is Cured,

• 1. By Diet Moystening and cooling.
• 2. By Blood-letting.
• 3. By repeated Purgations of the Humor, with extract of Hellebore, pills of Lapis La∣zuli; after it has been prepared with Fumi∣tory, Hops, Juyce of Fragrant Apples &c.
• 4. By Application of External Medicaments, in which case gentle Repellers are useful, as the compound of Frogs-spawn.

Discussers which have no biting quality, as Pulvis Be∣nedictus of Hartman, the Magistery of Crabs∣shels &c. See Agricola also, T. 1. Page, 145.

II. Another springs from Suppression of the Courses: Another of the Haemarrhoides. The Cure must be applied to those Dis∣eases.

Chap. 5. Of Tumors springing from Wheyish, Salt and Cholerick Humors mingled together.

Article. I. Of Scabbyness.

TUmors springing fom mixt Humors, do arise either from salt, Wheyish and Cholerick Humors: or from Flegm, Me∣lancholy and Choler; so that the conjunct cause is no longer an Humor, but some other matter bred of Humors. Hereunto belong Scabbyness, the Grecian Leprosie, Phlycti∣nae, Sudamina, Sirones, Vari, Epinyctides, Alphus, Leuce, Impetigo, and Gutta rosa∣cea.

The Scab, Is a Tumor arising from cor∣rupted blood, vexing the Patient with distem∣per and Exulceration of the skin.

The SIGNS are set down in the defini∣tion.

The CAUSE is corrupt blood, mixt with black choler and salt Flegm; which ei∣ther comes from suitable Diet, especially when the Liver is distempered with Heat; or it is corrupted by contagion: and being brought unto the skin, it sticks therein, and causes Exulceration.

The CURE is accomplished.

• 1. With Diet which requires boyled meates.
• 2. By Contemperation and Evacuation of the Hu∣mors, and reducing the Liver to its due temper by the Syrup of Coral of Querceta∣nus.

It is divided three manner of waies.

I. One is Symptomatical, to which what has been said ought to be applied.

Another is Critical, which breaks forth after acute or long Diseases.

II. One sort is moist, out of which much sains or blood-water Issues. It is caused by Salt Flegm. Tis Cured more easily than the dry Scab, and that.

• 1. By Evacuation to which end whey of Goates-Milk, and Fumi∣tory are much commeded.
• 2. By provoking Sweat, either by half an ounce of Spirit of Dwarf-Elder and two ounces and an half of Fumitory Water, or by Spirit of Guaiacum, or Antimonium Diaphoreticum, if it be more hard to be removed than ordinary.
• 3. By Application of External Medicaments. And here bathes of fresh water, and brim∣stone

• stone bathes, are useful. Also to apply the Yellow middle bark of Frangula with Vine∣gar. And Sinnertus his Oyntment Book 5. Page, 1. Chap. 27.

Another Dry, in which nothing is voided, or a little quantity of thick matter, and the Ulcers are Lead colored. Tis Caused by an adust Humor. Cured with difficulty, after the same manner as the former, having respect to the Causes. Another sort is termed Volati∣ca the Running Scab, which infects al the skin, in one night for the most part. In this, uni∣versal Remedies being premised, tis good to wash the Scabs, with the blood that comes from a Woman with the after-birth. See Agricola T. Pape, 280.

III. There is another sort termed Malum mortuum, which vexes the Patient with a Lea∣den and black color, crusty pustles, black, Dry, without sence or pain, cheifly in the Legs. It Springs from a Melancholick and Scorbutick Juyce. Tis Cured after the same manner, having respect to the Difference. Another sort is the Leprosie of the Greeks, which differs only gradually from other Lep∣rosies. Tis Known hereby, because it Eates deeper into the Skin; and scales as it were of Fishes fal of, whether the Patient scratch or scratch not; and the Scabs stink filthily. Tis Caused by black-Choler oftimes mingled with Salt Flegm. Cured, by the same kind of things as the Scab, but stronger. The distm∣per of the Liver must cheifly be redressed. Sweat must be procured with a Decoction of Salsaparilia, Guajacum and China.

Article, II. Of the Phlyctaenae, Sudamina, Sirones and Vari, Tumor so called.

Phlyctenoe, (or wild fire) are little blisters or Bladders raised in the skin, by exceeding sharp Humors. They are known hereby, because they are like such as proceed from scalding, and when they are broken, a yellow∣ish Humor breaks forth: Spring, from a Chllerick wheyish Humor, which is thrust out into the skin either by Nature, or some exter∣nal cause. Are Cured by a Decoction of Duck∣weed (universal Remedies being premised if need require) an Epitheme of strong Lie made of Beech Ashes, mixt up with Lin-seed Oyl and walnut Oyl of each a like quantity, and frequently applied. 2. By Breaking; a dry∣ing Cataplasme being presently applied.

II. Sudamina, are pushes like milet seed, which Ʋlcerate and ruff the skin. They are known most easily. They arise from plenty of sweat, restrained within the skin, especially in an hot and moist stomach, after an hot Diet. Are Cured by washing with Oaken-water, to which a grain or two of Camphire may be added,

III. Sirones or Chriones, are Pustles in the Palms of the Hands, or soles of the Feet, which have little worms in them. The worms must be Dug forth: then the place must be washed, with a Decoction of Oake-leaves with Alum; or of Sulphar with Oyl of Tartar.

IIII. Vari, are little hard Tumors on the skin of the Face, curdled up of an hard thick Juyce. They are known easily. They are of the bigness of Hemp-seeds, and they infest young people that are inclined to Venery, and fruitfull; but chast withal and continent. They arise from an alimentary Humor for the most part, which insinuates it self into the pores of the Skin, and somtimes has Cholerick blood mingled therewith; and then they shed forth an ichor and turn to ulcers. They are Cured with Difficulty, if there be a deep red∣ness in the Face with pustles. If the same be joyned with a bloat Face and Hoarsnese of th••••••ice. The Cure is wrought, by Discussers and Emollients, premising such things as puri∣fie the blood. Commendations are given to Oyl of Vitriol Sulfur, or Tartar smeared on in the evening, and washed of again in the morning with warm water wherein bean-flower has been steeped.

Article, III. Of the Epinyctides, Alphus, and Leuce.

Epinyctides, are smal Ʋlcers, which break out, of their own accord especially in the night, in the eminent parts of the Body, resembling Bladders which being broke in sunder, blood∣waterish matter runs forrh. They are known by their leadenish color or blackish, vehement inflamation, pain enerasing in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 night, by reason of the motion of black-Me••••choly, and the nights cold, stopping the pores of the skin. They arise from a wheyish and Melanchollick Humor, like the Cause of a Carbuncle in al things save Malignity, and greatness of the Tu∣mor. The Cure consists in Evacuation and Topicks that bridle and temper the churlish∣ness of the Humor offending.

II. Alphus, The Morphew, are great Blots or spots upon the skin, changing the color thereof, which are spread up and down here

and there, with a certain roughness. They arise from blood badly nourishing and they trouble Men more than women or Children. They are either Black springing from Melan∣choly blood through default of the Spleen, which are Cured after universal Remedies, by good Diet, bathings, anointing with Mustard-seed pouder mingled with water: or White but not exactly agreeing with the whitness of the skin, which spring from Flegmatick blood, cheifly through default of the Liver. The skin is by them made white, but not the Hairs, and if it be pricked, blood follows. They are Cured more easily than the black one. They require not blood-letting by reason of the cold∣ness of the blood.

II. Leuce, is a continued blot, changing the color and substance, both of skin and flesh. Tis known, both from what is set down in the Description: and because it makes the hairs fal of, and others grow in their place, like down. The skin is flatter, than in other places. If prickt with a pin, a watry and white liquor comes forth. It springs from Flegmatick blood, with which the flesh being nourished, first becomes of a middle nature between that of Animals that have blood, and that of bloodless Live-wights, and after••••rd when it cannot change it into the form of ••ed-flesh, it becomes like the flesh of Oysters and Locusts. The Cure is Desperate, if after rub∣bing it look not red. If prickt, no blood fol∣low: if the blot continualy encrease. Dif∣ficult, if it be smal, if rub'd it shew some red∣ness, or be upon the hand or foot. Tis Per∣formed.

• 1. By Preparation of Humors by heaters and cutters.
• 2. By Evacuation with Flegmagogues.
• 3. By external Applicati∣ons, the parts being first rubbed with a Course Cloath.

Article, IIII. Of the Impetigo and Gutta Rosacea.

Impeti•••••• Or Licheu, a Tetter or King∣worm, are hard pustles upon the Skin, which spread themselves into the bordering parts, with dryness, roughness and great itching.

Tis known by what is in the definition ex∣pressed. It arises from a thin, sharp, whey∣ish Juyce, mingled with an earthy Humor, which comes from a suitable Diet, and som∣times in the Spring and somtimes in the fal it enclines to the outward parts, and breakes forth. Tis Cured.

• 1. By good Diet, which must be neither salt, nor, biting.
• 2. By Alteration and Evacuation of the Hu∣mors, if they too much offend.
• 3. By Ap∣plication of Topicks.

Ʋnguentum Citrinum with Oyl of Egs, live Brimstone, Oyl of wax, of Cloves, and Camphire are commended, af∣ter a somentation of Mallows Mullein and Fu∣mitory. Also Oyl of Tartar per Deliquium with a like quantity of Oyl of Wax mingled. Tis Divided into a Gentle sort, which being anointed with fasting Spittle, or with the Roots of the sharp-pointed Dock, beaten with Vinegar, is somtimes cured: and a Feirce or Angry sort, in which, besides the former Me∣dicaments, a water distilled out of Oyl of Tar∣tar, with crude Mercury is good, the Mercury being in a quadruple proportion to the Oyl of Tartar. Joil his Experiment of the rust of Iron, Book. 10. Of his Practice, S. 3.

II. Gutta Rosacea, is a Pustulous and somtimes Tuberous redness of the Face, Re∣presenting Rose-colored spots. Tis known by the sight. Its Original is from thick blood and fervent, bred through default of the Liver originally or by bad Diet, and carryed up into the Face and there sticking, by reason of its thickness. Tis Cured.

• 1. By reducing the heated Liver, to its right temper, with Sy∣rupe of Cichory, Straw-berryes, and Coral.
• 2. By opening the stoppages thereof.
• 3. By Topicks as the menstrual blood of a Virgin dis∣solved in hot water, Oyl of Toades &c.

See Hartman of redness and Pustles in the Face.

Chap. VI. Of Tumors wherein the Humor is included in a pro∣per Membrane.

TO such kind of Tumors there are three sorts referred.

1. Strumae, or Scrofulae, which are a Scir∣rhous, Tumors of the Glandules, contained in a peculiar Membrane. Their Subject are the Glandules or kernels in the Neck, Dugs, Arm∣pits and groins. They are known by the sight especially among the inhabitants of the Alpes. They Arise from a Flegmatick, Melancholick, mixt Humor, which proceeds from the crudi∣ty of Diet; or from a gross Juyce nourishing those parts, mixed therewith: which is shut up in a peculiar Membrane, made by the for∣mative faculty. See the Cure in Book 5. in a peculiar Chapter. Tis divided into simple, of which now, and Cancerated which are mixed with a Cancer by reason of Black-choler.

2. Into Free which are Joyned to no Vessel;

and Intangeld or Intaild, which are Joyned with some remarkable Artery, Vein, or Nerve.

II. Ganglion, Which is a Tumor scituate upon a Bone, by reason of a Preternatural twisting or wreathing of a Nerve, which is grown together into one body. The Subject are parts which are covered not with much flesh, but skin only. It is known, both by its situation, and that it is void of pain, and of the bigness of an Eg, may be stretched to the sides, and being pressed it makes the body feel the pressure. It arises by occasion of a blow, reaching, or labour, which stretches and as it were breakes a Nerve or tendon. Where∣upon the excrement of the Nervous part sweats out. and sticks about the Fibres and Nervous parts, and by their formative faculty, is chan∣ged into this substance. Tis Cured, by Emol∣lients as Emplastrum de Ammoniaca; and digesters; and if they suffice not with suppur∣aters and by Section; concerning which see the Authors.

III. Those kind of Tumors, which spring indeed from the same cause, viz. A Flegma∣tick Humor or Alimentary Juyce; only they are distinguished, by the matter contained in the bladder, and from thence take their re∣spective Names. For it is named Meliceris, if the matter included be like Honey, the Tu∣mor rounder than ordinary, and giving way when it is touched. Atheroma, when it is like Water-gruel or Hasty-pudding, and hard to the Touch. Steatoma, when it is like to suet.

Chap. VII. Of Tumors arising from a solid Substance.

TO such kind of Tumors, these three sorts following are to be referred.

I. Verrucae, Warts, being Tumors stan∣ding upon the skin like Hittocks. They are known very easily. They arise from, either a thick Melancholick and Flegmatick matter, or from such Juyce as is ordained to ••ourish the Skin and Scarf-skin. They are Cured either by Application of appropriate Medicaments, such as are the Juyce of Willow-leaves, and Cichorium Verrucarium or Wart-cichory, water which Stands on the stumps of felled Oaks. Spurge Milk an Onion bruised with salt. They are divided into Hanging warts, which the Greeks term Acrochordones, being broad on the top, and smal at the bottom where they are fastened to the skin, as it were by a stalk: Thymia, which are colored like time, are likwise smal at the skin, broad, hard and rough on the top, being smaller than the han∣ging-warts: and Sessiles which the Greeks term Myrmecioe, lower than the Thymia, scarse bigger than Lupines, hard, broad-bottom'd, deep rooted, and causing pain.

II. Clavi cornes, which are wont to breed on the Toes and Soles of the Feet, by the pressure and wringing of shoes; which somtimes of their own accord prove very painful, and are alwaies troublesome to the goer. They must be Noynted with the blood of an Ele, and Oyl of Mercury; and when they are softened, with Oyl of Snailes. When they are cut, smeare them with the Urin of a dog, and lay on a Plaster of red Wax.

III. Callus, Brawnyness; is an hardness bread in the surface of the skin, in the palms of the Hands and the lowest parts of the soles of the Feet. It has no deep Root, and is void of al pain. It may be pared of, after frequent washimgs and soaking in water.

Chap. VIII. Of Tumors cau∣sed by solid parts falling from their due Situation.

Article, I. Of Aneurisma, Varix, and Elephantiasis by the Arabians so called.

TUmors proceeding from solid parts fal∣ling down into or lying upon any part are many: we shal here speak only of the A∣neurisma, Varix, and Elephantiasis of the Arabick Physitians so called; the rest we shal treat of in their proper places.

I. Aneurisma, is a Tumor arising from a breach in the inner coat and a widening of the outer coat of an Artery. Tis known, because it is a soft Tumor, beating with the pulse, and for the most part, yeilding to the finger; and if it yeild not to the finger, nor pulse, which may fal out in a great one: yet a noise as it were of boyling water is perceived, because of the passage of spirits through narrow waies, and so it is distinguished from an Ecchymoma. It arises through default of the Artery, which in respect of its inner coat, which is hard and thick, is opened; in respect of its external coat, which is thin soft and rare, it is widened. It is wont to happen, either by the Violent Motion of the flood, or by some external force;

most frequenly, when either an, Artery is opened instead of a Vein, or an Artery together with a Vein is hurt. For then, the external coate, as being soft, and of kin to the coats of the Veins, growing together, and the inner remaining open, the blood and spirit Issues through the hole and distends the external coat. Tis Cured with Difficulty, if smal, if new. Is in a manner incurable if old and great; and if Section be made, danger of death is in∣curred. The Cure is undertaken.

• 1. By Application of Repellers and astringents; where Emplastrum Contrarupturam is useful &c.
• 2. By Section or cutting; touching which see Authors.

II. Varix is the Dilatation of a Vein. It happens Cheifly in the Thighes, under the Navil, and somtimes in the temples. It befals men principally, yet hardly before they come to Age. Tis known by the swelling of the Veins, and the part being Lead-colored or black. It arises from thick Melancholick blood, which fals into the place, either through its own weight, or being thrust thither by some violent Cause. Varices ought not to be Cured if they be critical, and free the patients from other Diseases, as they are wont to do from madness. If they are to be Cured, they are hardly Curable by Section; but best of al by extraction, of which see Aquaependens.

III. Elephantiasis of the Arabians, is a Tumor of the Feet, springing from Melan∣cholick, Flegmatick blood, and the Varices. Herein the Thighes are swelled, of a Leaden∣color, black and ful of Ulcers. It can hardly be Cured without▪ a continual and long Course of Phyfick.

Chap. IX. Of Malignant Tu∣mors.

A single Article. Of the Elephantiasis.

MAlignant Tumors are sundry, Viz. Buboes, Carbuncles, Smal Pocks, Meazels, Elephantiasis. Of the rest I have spoke or shal speak elsewhere. I shal here treat only of the Elephantiasis. Tis called also Leontiasis, Satyriasis, and Lepra, Being a Cancerous Tumor of the whole Body, sprin∣ging from black choler infected with a Vene∣mous quality, and shed into the whole habit of the Body' causing many Symptomes.

I do not mean the Elephantiasis by the Arabian Physitians so called, nor the Leprosie of the Jews.

The SIGNS are either of the Diseases beginning, as frequent spots in the Body, roughness of the skin with risings, like a Goose with the Feathers of, with many scales and chinks, especially in the Face, Hands and Feet, falling off of the hairs. Or coming to the height, as a Tetter upon the tops of the fingers and the Chin, and the Eye-brows, which are thick and hanging over, hoarsness of the voice, sweat easily turned into salt, which wil not melt in water; the blood being washed leaves grains and Sands in the bottom of the water. See the Trial of this Disease in Hor∣stius his Medicinal Epistles, S. 4. Tim. 1.

The CAUSE is a Melancholy Humor and black Choler; which arises either from exter∣nal Canses, dry constitution of the Aire, and Diet suitable; or from internal, viz. An hot and dry distmper of the Liver. Also it contracts a Venemous and Contagious quali∣ty, whence the Disease comes to infect others. The CURE is None when the Disease is con∣firmed, tis Difficult when it is newly begun. Tis Performed.

• 1. By Diet, where Viper Wine is good, and the flesh of Vipers boyled, their Head and Taile being cut off, Cider, Chickens fed with the flesh of Vipers or Snakes.
• 2. By Preparation of Humors by the Herba Kunigundis, an Herb so called, with Fumitory, boy led in whey, Straw-berry water, Dodder-water, Decoction of Tama∣risk.
• 3. By Evacuation, both by Blood∣letting, which must be Practised in the spring, viz. In both Arms and on the Ankle: and by Purgation, where extract of Blood-Hellebore and whey with Epithymum boyled therein are good: likwise by the Hemorrhoides.
• 4. By use of Bathes, of fresh water, and of brimstone waters &c.
• 5. By giving appro∣priate Medicaments, viz. Hares-blood hot, salts Theriacal, Treacle, Bezoarticum Am∣male, or Bezar-stone.
• 6. By Mitigation of the Symptomes: of which in their peculiar places.
• 7. By burning, of which see Au∣thors.

As for the Diffierences there are four sorts thereof.

I. Alopecia, in which is an obscure redness, swelling of the Face, redness of Eyes, blee∣ding at the Nose. It springs from blood and is more gentle than the rest.

II. Tyria, so called from the scaly Serpent Tyrus, which casts of his Skin in the spring. In this, there is whitness, Seales, dandruffe. It springs from Flegm.

III. Leonina, so termed from the Rug∣gedness

of the Lyons for-head. In which are prickings, bitings, Tetters. It arises from Choller and comes speedily to the Aug∣ment.

IIII. Elephantiasis, peculiarly so called, being greater than the rest and slower in its Augmentation, has its original from Melan∣choly, and is known by a cloudy blackness, knots and stupidity of the Patient. These sorts are seldom separated, and most frequent∣ly Joyned together.