The idea of practical physick in twelve books ... / written in Latin by John Johnston ... ; and Englished by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ... and W.R.

Chap. 5. Of Medicaments de∣nominated from their Facultis.

Article, I. Of altering Medicaments.

Point, 1. Of bot Medicaments.

SO much may suffice to have spoken of Me∣dicaments simple and compound. Medica∣menta

denominated from their faculties, are either Alterres, or Causers of Motion, or Pro∣ducers of somewhat, or takers away of some∣what, or Resisters of Poison.

Altering Medicaments are many waies differenced: for they are Temperate, Hot, Cold, Moist, Dry, Digesting, Emollient, Hardning, Relaxing, Rarifieing, Con∣densing, Shutting, Opening mouths of veins, Attenuaters, Openers, Incrassaters, Em∣plasticks, Deobstructers, Abstersives, Pain∣asswagers, and Narcoticks.

I. Temperate are such as exceed not in the first Qualities, as are Maiden haire, Aspara∣gus, Lycorise, Pine kernels, Jujubes, figs, Sebestens, Raisons, Dates, Gum Elemi, Gum dragant, Veale-suer, Goat-suer, Hogs∣grease, sweet oile.

II. Things are hot, in the first, second, third, or fourth degree.

I. Things hot in the first degree are such as do scarce sensibly heat the Body, as, The Roots of Marsh mallowes, Beares-Breech, Betes, Bugloss, Lycorize, Satyrium. The leaves of Wormwood, which some count hot in the second degree, of Marshmallowes, Bor∣rage, Bugloss, Betes, Beares-Breech, Cole∣wort, Chamomel, Dodder, Liverwort or Agrimony, Fumitory, Toad-flax, Melilote, Malabathrium, Spicknard, Scolopendrium, Comfres, Coltsfoot. The Flowers of Bor∣rage, or Bugloss, of Betony, of Oxe eye, Melilote, Chamomel, Black poplar, Stae∣chados, Groundsel. Seeds of Coriander, Faenigreeke, Line, Gromwel, Sesamus, Rice. Fruits, Sweet almonds, Chastnuts, Jujubes, Cypress nuts, Green wallnuts, ripe Grapes, ripe Mulberries, Sweet fragrant Ap∣ples. Barks, of Mace, Guajacum, Tamarisk. Liquors, juices and Gums, Sugar, Bdellium, Ladanum, Gum Hedera. Suet of a Kid, a Doe, an hart, new fresh butter.

II. Those Medicines are hot in the second Degree, which manifestly heat, but without Hurt. As the Roots, of Smallage, Cap∣pars, Hogs-fennel, Pimpernel, Nape, Zedo∣ary, Rhodia. Leaves of; wormwood, Calves snout, Green dil, Angelica, Smallage, Mug∣wort, Betonie, Calamus odoratus, Chame∣pitys, Faenum graecum, Hypericum, Ivie, Hops, Baume, Hoar-hound, Feverfew, Basil, Chervil, Pimpernel, Hogs-fenel, Poli∣um, Rosemary, Savory, Sage, Scabious, Scor∣dium, Stechados, Tansey. Flowers of A∣momum, Safron, Gilloflowers, Schaenanth, Lavendar, Hops, Baume, Rosemary. Seeds. of Dil, Smallage, Orobus, Rocker, Basil, Nettle. Fruits; of Cappars, Nutmegs, Pistachives, drie figs, drie nuts. Barks; of cassia lignea, Cinnamon, Franckincense, of Cappar roots. Liquors, Gums Rofins; Wine which is not old, Ladanum, Aloe, Galbanum, Myrrhe, Mastich, Franckincense, Storax. Fat, Lions-fat, Panthers, Beares and Foxes grease.

III. Hot in the third degree are such things, as doe vehemently Heat, and with trouble, but without Corruption: as the Roots of Acorus, Asarum, Squils, Dictamus, Doronicum, Fen∣nel, Galangal, both the Hellebors, Enula Campane, Orice, persley, Radish. Leaves; Southernwood, Asarum, Agnus Castus, A∣rum, Ammoum, Bishops-weed, Dry dil, Bac∣charis, Dictamus, Avens, Ground Oak, Cni∣cus, Centaury, the greater and the less; Ce∣londine, Calamint, Flea-bane, Menthastrum, Fennel, Epithymum, Elecampane, Juniper, Hysop, Bayes, Marjoram, Cockow-Pintle, Mint, Nigella, Aenanthe, Bindweed, Persley, Sneez-wort, Peny-Royal, Rest-harrow, Rue, Savine, Wild-Time, Water-mint, Time, Trefoil, Vervain, Nettles. Flowers; Agnus Caftus, Epithymum, Leucoium, Aenanthe, Pe∣riclymen. Seeds of Byshops-weed, Anise, Amomum, Carway, Cardamom, Water-Cresses. Fennel, Carot, Cummin, Nigella, Na∣vew, Persley, Seseli, Staphes-acre, Agnus Ca∣stus. Fruits; Juniper Beries, Cloves, Car∣pobalsamum, Anacardia, Pepper. 4. Barks, of Mace, Liqors, Tears, Gums; old Wine, Asa dulcis, faetida, Ammoniacum, Cedrian, pitch, Opopanax, Mosch. Metaline, flower of Brass, Burnt Brass, scales of Brass, Verdi∣greise, Diphryges, Alum, Salt, Nitre, Sulphur, Vitriol.

IV. Hot in the fourth degree, are such as heat with the greatest dammage to the Hu∣mane Body: as, Rootes, Garlick, Onion, Co∣stus, Leeks, Pellitory. Leaves, Pepper-wort, both the Water-cresses, the Headed-Leek, Fullers Herb, Thapsia, and Spurge. Seeds of Water-Cresses, Mustard. Fruits, Pepper; Gums, Euphotbium: Metaline substances; Vitriol, Orpment, Sandarach, Chrysocolla, Mi∣sy, sory, Melantheria.

Point II. Of cold Medicaments

Cold Medicaments are, such as alter the Bo∣dy of Man by cooling, and they are such, in the first, second, third, and fourth degree.

I. Cold in the first degree are such as scarce

sensibly coole the Boody of Man, and they are Roots of Mallowes; Leaves of Orach, sharp∣pointed-dock, apple-tree, Myrrle, Pellitory. Flowers of, Mallowes, Roses, Violets; Seeds of Barley, Millet. Fruits, Citron∣pulp, Quinces, Peares, Prunes. Juices concrete, Acacia, Dragons blood. Stones, hyacinth, Saphire, Smaragd.

II. Cold in the second are such as mani∣festly cool, but without hurt, as the Leaves of Blite, Dandelyon, Lettuce, Duck-weed, Hyacinth, Sorrel, Plantane, Solomons Seale, Flea-wort, Nightshade. Flowers, of yel∣low Anemone: Fruits of Gourd, Cucumer, Galls, Auranges, Peaches, Damask prunes, Pompions, Pomegranates. Wood, of San∣ders.

III. Cold in the third degree are, which do indeed vehemently coole, but without de∣stroying or corrupting the Body: as Roots of Mandrake, Leaves of Purslane, mandrake, Houseleek, Henbane. Flowers Balaustian. Seeds, of Hemlock, Henbane, Poppie. Fruites, Golden Apples, Mad-Apples. Juyce of Hy∣pocistis.

IV. Cold in the fourth degree are such things as corrupt by cooling and destroy the body; as Leaves of Hemlock, Poppie. Fruits of Thorne Apple. Juyces; Meconium, Opi∣um, according to the vulgar opinion. See thereof Doringuis, Hartman, Frestagius.

Point, III. Of moistining Medicaments.

Moistening Medicaments, are such as by their moistening faculty alter the Body of Man. And the most are such only in the first and second degree.

I. Moist in the first degree are Rootes; of Satyrium, Bugloss, Lycorize, Mallowes, Rapes; The Herbs of Bugloss, Heixine, Mal∣lowes. Flowers of Bugloss Mallows, Endive. Seeds of Mallowes, Sesamus. Fruits, the pulpe of a Citron, Jujubees, Sweet Al∣monds.

II. Moist in the second Degree are, Herbes, Violet leaves, water-lilly-leaves, Orach, Blite, Lettuce, Duck-weed, Purslane. Flowers; of water-lillies, violets. Fruits; of the Gourd, Melons, Pepons, Peaches, Damask prunes, ripe Grapes, Sugar.

Point, IV. Of drie Medicaments.

Drie Medicaments are such as alter the Bodie of Man by drying; and they are so, in the first, second, third and fourth degree.

I. Dry in the first degree are Roots; Bry∣onie, Madder, Aenanthe, Tamarisk, Marshmal∣lowes, Cucko-pintle. Leaves; of Bete, Coleworts, Chamaemel, Fenel, Hyacinth, Malabathrum, Myrtle, Mullein. Flowers, of Oxe-eye, Chamaemel, Safron, Hyacinth, Me∣lilote, Roses. Seeds of Beanes, Faenugreek, Barley. Fruits of Juniper Berties, Chast∣nuts. Gums, as Frankincense.

II. Dry in the second degree, are Roots; of Cappars, Cichory, Raddish. Herbes, Pimpernel, Mugwort, green dil, Betonie, Dodder, Calamus aromaticus, Endive, Sea-Colewort, Shepheards-pouch, Hors-taile, Tooth-pick, Mint, Wild mint, Plantane, Rosemary, Spicknard, Comfery, fumitory, Pimpinel, Sorrel, Vervaine, Shepherds-Rod. Flowers; Balaustians, Peony flowers, Anemoneyes, Ground-pine, bind-weed and staechados. Seeds; of Fenel, Garden-cresses, lentils, Orobus, Millet, Rice, Poppie, Night∣shade. Fruits; Ballanus Myrepsica, Cap∣pars, Quinces, Cypress-nuts, Nutmegs, Peares, Pistachius. Wood, of Sanders, Teares, Gums, Rosins; Galbanum, Opopanax, Stone-pitch, Myrth, Storax, Mastich, Honey.

III. Drie in the third degree are Roots, of Acorus, Asarum, Smalladge, cinnamon, Do∣ronicum, Galangal, Hellebore, Pentaphyllum, Hollow-root, Squil, Three-leaved-sorrel, Trefoile. Leaves and Hearbs; Fearne, Millefoile, Cinquefoile, Polium, Trefoile, Southernwood, Wormwood, Burnt dil, Smal∣ladge Bishops-weed, Asarum, Calamint, Ground oake, Ground-pine, Epithymum, Hyssop, Juniper, Matjorum, Hoare-hound, Origanum, Hogs-fennel, Perseley, Sneeze∣wort, Rue, Savine, Willow, Watermint, Time, Runing-betony. Flowers, of Balausti∣ans, of Epithimum, of Ground-pine of Bind∣weed. Seeds of Dil, Smalladge, Bushop∣weed, Amomum, Anis-seed, carway, Cumin, Coriander, Nigella, perseley, Gromwel, Ag∣nus Castus, Grana tinctorum. Fruits; Cloves, Carpobalsamum, Galls, Peper, Ju∣niper Berries. Juices and Gums; Aloe A∣cetum, acacia, camphire, mosch. Metalline matters, Flower of brass, burnt brass, Scales of brass, verdigreese, diphryges, alume, Salt, Nitre, Sulphur, Chalcitis.

IV. Things dry in the fourth degree are of herbes; wild Rue, Garlick, Water-Cresses, Mustard. Of the Metalline Medicaments, Vitriol, Orpment, Sandarach, Chrysocolla, Misy, Sory, Melantheria.

Point, V. Of Medicaments, digestive, Emollient, Hardening and Loosening.

Digestive Medicaments are such as assist Nature in concocting such humors as are prae∣ternaturally offensive.

They are also termed praeparatives. Now they prepare, either by removeing impedi∣ments, or by changing the Qualities which re∣sist the action of Natural Heate, respect being nevertheless had to the part wherein the Humors reside.

They are dfferenced according to the differ∣ence of Humors which they prepare. Yellow choler, requires things cooling and drying; and if it be thin, it requires thickners. Flegm stands in need of Heaters, Dryers and attenua∣ters. Melancholy is corrected by things mo∣derately heateing, moistening, and attenuate∣ing. Black choler by things cooling, very much moistening and attenuateing.

A Catalogue of these Medicaments may be drawn from such as are attributed to every part of the Body, of which we shal speake anon; and therefore to avoide tautologie, we omit them for the present.

II. Emollients, are such medicaments as soften and dissolve such Humors as are com∣pacted together, either primarily, as a glew∣ish excrement in the bands of the Muscles; or secondarily, viz. when the thinner parts be∣ing either digested, by the unseasonable use of Resolveing Medicaments, or being driven a∣way by overmuch use of Repellers, the remain∣ing parts grow compacted.

The Greekes cal them malactica: and they must be hot in the second degree, a little dry, of a daubing faculty so as to hinder difflation; and they must be mingled with moistners. They are either Indiffernt, or Strong.

I. Things indifferently emollient. 1. Of Simples, are the Roots of Lillies, Marsh-mal∣lowes, wild Cucumer, Bryonie. Leaves of Mallowes, Pellitory, Violets, Dwarfe-elder; Elder. Flowers of Chamemel. Seeds, of Fenugreek, Line, Sesamus, Mallows. Fruits, fat Figs. Fats, fresh butter, fat of an Hen, Hogs-Grease, Calves-grease, Kids-suet, Weathers-suet, al marrowes. &c. Of Com∣poundes, oile of Lin-seed, sweet-almonds, White-Lillies, Worms. Ointments, of Al∣thea, Unguentum resumptivum. Emplaster, de Mucilaginibus.

II. The stronger sort are Beares-grease, old oile, bdellium, liquid storax, fat rosins, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Emplastrum Dia∣chylon simple, and cum Gummi.

III. Hardners are opposed to Emollients; the Greeks cal them Sclerotica, or Sclerunonta, and they are cold and moist, as, Sempervivum, purslane, psyllium, Duckweed, Nightshade.

IV. Relaxers are Medicaments which a∣bate the distention caused by some matter, va∣por, or wind, filling and stretching the spaces of the parts. They are moderately hot, very moistening, and of thin substance, for the more easie penetration, as Lillies, seeds of Line, Fe∣nugreek, Fats, Butter, Chamomel Oyl.

Point V. Of Medicaments which Rari∣fie, condense, stop, and open the mouths of the Vessels.

Rarifying Medicaments, are such as open the pores of the Skin, and make them wider, that the Vapors may be better transpired. They are moderately hot, of thin parts, and not dry∣ing; such as are, among Herbs, Marsh-mal∣lows, Mercury. Flowers of Chamomel, Me∣lilot, Elder. Seeds of Fenugreek, Line, Oyl which is old, and Butter.

II. Condensers are, such things as con∣tract and straighten the smal pores of the body, but are not able to compact the whol part, strongly, and every where. They are of a wa∣try Nature, as, cold water; of Herbs, Pur∣slane, Housleek, Flea-wort, Mous-ear, Duck∣weed, green Thistles, Prick-madam, the grea∣ter and the lesser.

III. Stoppers, by their thickness, do so stick externally upon the pores of the body, that by their coldness and dryness, they contract the part. There are of this kind, Astringents so called. Such as are, among Simples, the Roots of Tormentil, Plantane, greater Com∣fry, dry water Lillies, Sorrel, Curmallow, Fi∣lipendula, peony, Avens, Strawberry, Bistort, Rhaponticum, Rhubarb tosted. Leaves, of plantane, Knotgrass, Gnaphalium, Loof-strife, Solomons Seal, Horstail, Shepherds-pouch, Mous-ear, Oak. Flowers, of Roses, pome∣granates, Ivy. Seeds, of plantane, purslane, Sorrel, Roses. Fruits, Quinces, Medlars, Barberries, Services, Cornel-berries, Galls, Raison-stones, Cypress nuts, myrtle berries. Shels and Rinds, of pomegranates, Frankin∣cense tree, myrobalans, mulberries. Gums, of mastich, Dragons blood. Juyces, of Hy∣pocistis, sour Grapes, Acacia. Minerals, Terra sigillata, Bole armeniack, blood-stone, Allum, Coral, Iron. Of Animals, Harts∣horn

prepared, Stags pizzle, &c. Of Com∣pounds are, Water of Roses, purslane, plan∣tane, privet. Syrup of red Roses, Quinces, Barberries, marmalade of Quinces, Diacodium narcoticum, Crocus martis astringens, pouder of mans bones calcined, fresh made Treacle, Juyce of pomegranates, of Acacia, old conserve of Red Roses. The stronger sort of these me∣dicaments are, Balaustians, myrtles, Acacia, Hypocistis, Sumach, pomegranate, medlar, &c.

IV. Anastomaticks, are medicaments which open the mouths of the Vessels, and are therefore by the Greeks so named, because they ought to penetrate into the inner parts of the body, and to attenuate gross humors; and ther∣fore they ought to be both hot in the second degree, and endued with a more thick sub∣stance than ordinary, that they may retain heat the longer. Bitter things are most convenient.

Point VII. Of Attenuating, Aperient, and incrassating Medicaments.

I. Attenuating medicaments, are such as dissolve and make thin, thick, clammy, and glewish humors, so that either they vanish of their own accord, or are easily dissipated by the operation of Drawers. They must be of a thin substance, hot in the third degree; which is nevertheless, not alwaies necessary. For the juyce of Lemmons, Vinegar, Oxymel, do atte∣nuate, and cut, though they are cold. See the Catalogue among Operatives.

II. Apperitive medicaments, do open in∣ward Obstructions of the Body. They ought to be of a thin substance; and therefore are reckoned among such things as appear hot and biting to the smel and tast, which have a ni∣trous, salt, bitter, and acid tast: but seeing there is variety both of the matter obstructing, and the bodies obstructed, somtimes such as are of thin parts, sometimes such as are not so qualified, are given. Now they are these; Among Simples, of Roots, the five o∣pening Roots, so called, viz. (of Smallage, Fennel, Asparagus, parsly, and Holm) of Grass, Cicaory, Eryngos, Gentian, Fern, madder, Rhaponticum, Asarum, Cappars, Ta∣marisk, Ash. Herbs, Fumitory, Worm∣wood, Agrimony, maiden-hair, Liver-wort, ceterach, chamepitys, chamedrys, Dodder, Horehound, calamint, penyroyal, scurvy∣grass, Brooklime, Water-cresses, Hops, white Horehound, Wormwood. Seeds of Annis, Fennel, Ameos, Agnus castus, Vetches, Lu∣pines. Fruits, bitter Almonds, Cappars, Peach-kernels, Apricock-kernels. Spices, Cinamon, Cubebs. Gums and juyces, Am∣moniacum, Vinegar, Juyce of Lemmons. Of compounds are, waters of the foresaid simples; Oximel simple, Scyllitick, Syrupe of opening roots, Trocbiscks of Rubarb, Wormwood, Egrimony, Lacca-gum. Tartar Vitriolated, Creame thereof, Christals and Tincture of Tartar. Tincture of steele, pouder, aperient crocus and pils thereof.

III. Incrassaters or thickners, do make the thin and liquid juices more thick. They are cold or temperate without acrimonie, and of thick substance; such as, Porslane, Sorrel, Poppy, Rice, Lentils, Quinces, Peares, Starch, Chalybeate milk, and juice of Pomegranates.

Point, VIII. Of Obstructive, And Deobstructive Medicaments.

I. Emplastick or obstructive medicaments are such as by their substance, do daub, stop and clam up the passages of the Body, and being smeared thereon, stick fast thereto being of a Consistence, either dry and earthy, but without any biting quality, or ful of watry and aerie humor. They are.

• I. Among simples. 1. Roots; Of Marshmallowes, White-Lillies; Seeds, Wheate, Starch, Pine-kernels steeped in water, Fenugreek, al Mucilages. Fruits, Figs, Raisons. Gums, Arabick, Tragant, Dragons blood. Earths; Terra sigillata, Bole-Armeniack. Juyces; Alum. Stones, Lapis Calaminaris, Blood-stone, Potters-clay. Minerals, litteridge of Gold and Silver, Lead, Oare of brass, Pom∣pholyx; Cerus. Animals, Mumia, fresh fats, marrowes, fresh butter, Cheese, whites of Eggs, Wax.
• II. Compounds of these; Unguentum Album, Nutritum.

II. Deobstructers, do scoure away clam∣my glutinous humors, which stick unto the body; they are hot or cold, salt, bitter, ni∣trous. Such are I. Of Simples. 1. Roots of birthwort, Orice, Gentian, Solomons seale, Tamarisk. Leaves; of Smallage, Wormwood, Centorie, Southernwood, Hy∣sop, Watercresses, Horehound, Agrimony, Ground-Oake, Tansey, Harts-tongue, Pim∣pernel. Seeds; of Lime, Fenugreek, barly, Orobus, Lupines, and their meales. Juyces; Aloes and Sugar. Gums; myrrh. Rosins; Terpentine. Mineralls; verdi∣grise, Vitriol. Animals; whey, beasts-Gal.

III. Extergents; differ only gradually. Of this kind are Oxymel, Alume water, Unguentum Aegyptiacum, &c.

Point, VIII. Of Anodynes, and Narco∣ticks.

Anodyne Medicaments are those which by their moderate heate, and soft substance, do as∣swage paine, by opening the pores of the body, and entering thereinto by the tenuity of their substance; and discuss the cause thereof by in∣sensible transpration. Such are.

• I. Among Simples, the Roots; of Marsh-mallowes, Lillies. Leaves; of Mallowes, Elder. Flo∣wers; of Chamemel, Melilote, Safron. Seeds, of Lime, Fenugreek. Animals; Fats, of Hogs, Hens, Geese, Calves, Man-fat. Mar∣row; of Oxen, Calves. Milke, butter.
• II. Of Compounds, oiles; of white lillies, Chamo∣mel, Violets, sweet almonds, linseed, worms, and (which is most commended) sweet oile of Roses, of a middle age.

II. Narcoticks stupifie the part, so that it cannot feel that which pains. This they do, partly by their coldness, partly by an hidden Quallity. Of this kind are.

• I. Simples, the Roots of Mandrake; Leaves of Henbane, mandrake. Seeds, of white-poppey. Juyces, Opium.
• II. Compounds: oiles, of Mandrake Ʋnguentum popeleon, laudanum ossiatum, Fernelius his narcotick lozenges.

Spirit of Darnel, &c.

Article. 2. Of Medicaments which cause motion.

Medicines which cause motion are either Drawers, Repellers, or Astringents.

I. Drawers, are such as draw from the deepe parts of the Body into the surface there∣of, not only thin and wheyish humors, but also such as are thick, and fast rooted in the Parts of the Body. They are either hot in the second degree, which draw moderately; or in the third degree, which draw strongly; or in the fourth degree, which swel the skin. Such are.

• I. Of simple Roots, of the two Birthworts, Anemony, bindweed, Tragon, Gentian, Pellitory, Crowfoot, Daffodilly, Reeds, Cuckow pintle, Thapsia, Garlick, onions. Leaves: of Wild-Cresses, Calamint, Purple Anagallis, Nex, Thlaspi, Ivie. Seeds, of Nettle, Navew, Water-cresses. Gums, Euphorbium, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Sagapenum. Rosins; Pitch, Vulgar Rosin. Annimals; Dung of Pigeons, Hens, Can∣tharides.
• II. Of Compounds, Emplastrum Oxycroceum.

II. I cal them repellers, which do either by their cold watryness prohibit the influx of humors into any part; or drive back such as are already flowed in, but are not fastened. They are. 1. Among simples; the Roots, of Plantane. Barks; of Mandrake roots; Leaves; of Housleek, Purstane, Duck-weed, Endive, Lettuce, Nightshade, Water-thistle, Venus navil, Lentisk, Sumach, Henbane. Flowers; of red roses. Seeds; of Fleawort Plantane. Of compounds; Waters of Ro∣ses, Nightshade, Plantane.

III. Astringents are such as consist of a thick and earthy substance, stop the passages of the part, force out the the thinner particles of the humor, and consequently do also repel. They are either Cold or Hot. Cold are, a∣mong Simples, the Roots; of Sloes, Cinque∣foile, bistort, tormentil, great Comfery. Barks; of myrobalans, Pomegranates, Frankincense tree, Barbery-tree. Leaves; of Horse-taile, smal daisie, mouse-eare, Knot-grass, Shepards pouch. Flowers: of Roses balaustians. Seeds of Sorrel, porslane, myrtils, White-popy. Fruits, Services, Quinces, meddlers, myrtle berries, unripe mulberries. Gums, mastich, Dragons-blood. Earths; Terra sigillata, bolus Armenia. Of compounds: are Waters of Roses, of Plantane, of Privet flowers. Syrups; of red-roses, of Quinces. Conserves, of dried-roses, Quinces, New made treacle. Juice of Pomegranates, trefoile, Crabs, sower Grapes. Pouders: Diacorallium, Crocus martis, Burnt harts horne, mans-bones, Spodi∣um, Ambar. Pills: de Cynoglossa. Hot astringents are, Cyperus, Wormwood, Cala∣mus Aromaticus, Schaenanth, aloe, Thus, Myrrh, Spike, Barks of Frankincense-tree, Cypress∣nuts, Alum.

Article, 3. Of Medicaments which ge∣nerate somewhat.

Point, 1. Of Ripeners, Quittor-breeders, and Flesh restorers.

Medicaments which breed somewhat are in a six-fold difference.

• 1. Ripeners or Quit∣tor-breeders.
• 2. Flesh-breeders.
• 3. Glew∣ers.
• 4. Scarbringers.
• 5. Milke-breeders,
• 6. Seed-encreasers.

I. Ripeners, and Quittor-breeders, are such by whose helpe, the Natural Heat

turnes corrupt blood into Quittor. They are moderately hot and moist, and like in tem∣perament to the part whereunto they are appli∣ed. Also by shutting the pores, they keep in the heate. They are in a twofold difference. Some are meerly of a temperate heate, and clammy which we use in hot tumors, such as are, Mucilages of Lin-seed, Fenugreek, Mal∣lowes, Marshmallowes, Water and oile, Wheate-meale, Milke, Crum of wheaten breade, Hogs-grease, fresh-butter, Unguen∣tum Dialthea. Others are hot, which we use in cold tumors and parts; such as the Gums, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, Galba∣num. Rosins; Terpentine, Pitch, Vulgar rosins. Teares of Firr, Birch and Pine-tree. Oiles of Chamomel, White-Lillies. Oint∣ments; of Agrippa, Basilicon, Majus and minus. Emplasters; diachylon simple and cum gummi. II. Sarcoticks or Flesh-bree∣ders are such things as assist nature to change blood into flesh, both by preserving the Heate of the Part, and removeing such Excrements as hinder the work. They do moderately heat and drie; also they clense away filth, without any biteing, or astriction. They are of a Three fold Rank, In the first ranke or degree, are placed meale of Barly, of Fenu∣greek, of beanes; Franckincense, Manna, thuris. In the Second, Terpentiue rosin, Larch-rosin, Fir-rosin, Clarified Honey, hony of Roses. Aloes, meale of Lupines, orobus, and Pompholyx. In the third de∣gree, meale of Orobus, raw honey, birth∣wort root, orice roote, myrrh, Vitiol.

Point 2. Of Sodderers, and Scar-bringers.

I. Glewing, or soddering Medicaments, are such as bring together the gaping lips of fresh wounds, and binder any thing from flowing into, or growing between them. Of which kind are among Simples, the Roots of Tor∣mentil, Cinque-foile, Bistort. Leaves; of Mouse-eare, plantaine, Sr. Johns-wort, Bugula, Sanicle, Pyrola, Wal-Sage, Rup∣ture-wort, Willow, Vervaine. Gumsz Myrch, Frankincense, Saccocolla. Jucies thickned; Aloes, Hypocstis. Rosins; Pitch, Terpenrine. Of compounds; Oynt∣ment of Lituridge, of Betony.

II. Scarbringers, are Medicaments which consume both that which flowes to, and that humor which is already in the flesh, that the flesh may be changed into the similitude of Skin. Thick are of thick substance, vehement∣ly drying, astringent and contracting. The cheife are, Roots, of tormentil, Cinquesoil. Herbes; Comfry, Thorough-waxe, Horse∣taile, Plantane. Flowers; balaustians. Juyces concrete, Coral, Aloes, Juyce of dragon. Earths; Alum, Ecle Armeniack. Metelline substances, Lead, Cadmia, Litter∣idg, Brass-burnt, and washed, Antimony.

III. Hitherto belong Vulnerary Medi∣caments, of which vulnerary potions are made. And they are, the roots; of greate Comfry, Bistort, Tormentil. Leaves; of Lady∣mantile, Shephards-pouch, Golden-rod, Bal∣saminum, Vervaine, Fluellin, St. Johns∣wort, Millefoil, Sanicle, Hors-taile, Elme, Plantaine, Betony, Cypress, Mouse-eare. Flowers; of red-roses, St. Johns wort, Ba∣laustians. Fruits; Cypress nuts. Gums, Teares; Frankincense, Aloe, Mastich, Teares of the firr, Terpentine, pine and larch rosins, Stone-pitch, liquor of Elme-leaves, Gum Elemi, Gum of Juniper, of Ivie, of Tragant, Tacamahaca, caranna, Sarcocolla, Dragons-Blood &c.

Point, III. Of Milke and Seed-bree∣ders.

1. Milk-breeding Medicaments in this place are such, as both helpe to make good blood, and moderately attenuate the same and bring it to the Duggs, such as are these fol∣lowing: green Fenel, the seed thereof, Green Dil, Smalladge, pouder of Christal, De∣coction of Colewort, Butter taken with milke and fenel, Smyrnium, Polium, Roc∣ket, &c.

II. Seed-breeding Medicaments, both those which carrie matter to the spermatick vessels, and they which provoke to the expulsion of seed whether they fil it with wind, or ad a spir or provocation thereto. The cheif are these, Roots; of Eryngos, Satyrion, Ginger. Seeds; of Rocket, Mustard, Nettles, Pepper. Fruits Pine-kernels, Pistachios, Hasel nuts, the Pap of the Indian nut. Parts of Animals; Reins of the Scinci, Braines of Sparrowes, Stags-Pizzle, Cocks-stones.

Article, IV. Of corrupting. Medica∣ments.

Corruptive Medicaments are.

• 1. Rubisiers.
• 2. Vesicatories.
• 3. Such as induce a Grust.
• 4. Burners.
• 5. Corrosives.
• 6. Putrefiers.
• 7. Psilothra, hair-grubbers,

• 8. Milke-wasters.
• 9. Seed-confounders.

1. Rubifiers make the skin red, and draw Humors from the inner parts of the Body into the skin, such as are the Roots of Thapsia, Seeds of Water-cresses, Nettles, Mustard.

II. Vesicatories raise bladders, and by their Ardency draw forth humors. The cheife are, Roots, of Bind-weed, Pellitoty, Squil, Garlick, Thapsia. Herbs; Doves-foot, Flam∣mula, Crow-foot. Seed; Of water cresses, Mustard. Also, Euphorbium, Leaven, Soap, Pidgeons-dung, Cantharides.

III. Crust-Creators, do not only raise up the scarfe-skin, but also burne the skin it self, howbeit their operation goes no further.

IV. Burners or Causticks, bring a thiker crust than the former, and often work upon the flesh beneathe, the cheife are: White Hellebore, ashes of vine-dregs, ashes of the fig-tree, Ashe, and savine tree. Brass-burnt, flower of brass, quick-lime, Vitriol, orpment, Arfenick, mercury sublimate, Salt made of Lie of which soap is made,

V. Corroders, take away proude flesh, and do by little and little, melt the upper surface thereof. The milder are, Roots of white vine, black-hellebore. Ashes of the Oake, fig-tree, Conchylium. Aloe, Alum; burnt lead, Ancimony calcined. The stronger are; Quick-lime, Flower of Brass, Brass∣burnt, Vitriol calcined, Quick-silver preci∣pitate, Sublimate, Oyl of vitriol, sulphur &c.

VI. Putrifiers, do melt hard flesh. Such are Arsenick, Orpment, Chrysocolla, dryop∣teris, Pityocampe, aconitum, Sandarach.

VII. Hair-grubbers, are such medicines as pluck up by the Roots the Haires of the Body, so as to make the part where they are applied, bald and smooth; such as are, strong lie, quick-lime, ants-egs, sandarach arsenick, orpment &c.

VIII. Milke-wasters, do either incrassate and thicken the blood, by overcooleing it, or they dry up and digest the same, or finally they do by their whole substance destroy the Milke. Such are, Mints, Sage, Calamint, Coriander, Henbane, Oyl of unripe Olives, Vinigar, Camphire.

IX. Seed confounders, do either coole, thicken, or discuss the same, or consume it by an hidden property. Such are: Mint, Rue, Agnus Castus, Dil, Seeds of Hempe, Flea∣wort. Lettuce, Purslaine, Champhire &c.

Article. V. Of Medicaments which take somewhat away.

Point. 1. Of Purgeing Medicaments.

Medicaments which take something from the Body are:

• 1. Purgers.
• 2. Vomiters.
• 3. Diureticks.
• 4. Sweaters.
• 5. Transpirers.
• 6. Braine-purgers.
• 7. Expectorators.

Purgers are such Medicaments, as drive out by stool, such humors as preternaturally nestle themselves in mans body. And they are

• 1. Choler-purgers.
• 2. Phlegm-purgers.
• 3. Melancholly-purgers.
• 4. Water-pur∣gers.
• 5. Purgers of all humors together.

1. Choller-purgers, are medicaments which drive out preternatural choler. And they are 1. Mild; as among simples, Cassia fistularis, which because it is hurtful to a moist slippery belly and to the stomach, and is windy, it is corrected with a graine or two of peper, ani∣seed or Cinamon, and is given in a bole, com∣monly from sixe drams to two ounces; to children two drams may be given. Tamarins or Indian dates, convenient for hot Constitu∣tions; which because of their coldness, are corrected with Cinnamon and Mace, and by reason of their lazyness, they are quickned with whey of Goates-milk. They are given in Pulpe, from an ounce to two ounces or three, and in the Infusion to five ounces. Manna Calabrina, which is safe in al cases, except∣ing burning fevers; tis quickned, with syrup of Roses solutive. It is taken in Prune-broath, or the Broath of a Cock or Hen, to the Quan∣tity of three or four ounces. Aloe Soccotrina, which taken in too greate a Quantity inflames the Liver: because it opens the orifices of the Veines tis not safe for women with child. Nor is it good for hot and dry natures. 'Tis nou∣rished or impredgnated with juice of damaske Roses. 'Tis corrected with mastich because of its Acrimonie. It is given from halfe a dram to a dram & more: see thereof Solenander, sect. 3. Counsel, 29. Rhubarb, the soule of the Liver, which must not be given alone, be∣cause it is apt to fume, and easily exhales, but with endive water, or syrup of Roses so∣lutive; it must not be given to such as are trou∣bled with the strangury, nor those that are sub∣ject to the Hemorrhoides. 'Tis corrected with Cinnamon, Spicknard, Schenanth. 'Tis given from one dram to two drams. Dam∣askroses, musked, fragrant, bitter and de∣tergent. Their Virtue is encreased, if two

ounces of whey be mixed with an ounce of their juyce, a little spike and Cinnamon being added. Violets, which are of like vertue with roses, exceeding good in diseases of the Brest and Head-ache. Terpentine, especially pis∣tick, which with pouder of Lycoris and Sugar, is made into Boles, and given to clense the kidnies. Lemnius commends it in a potion. Among compounds are, Syrup of roses solu∣tive, hurtful for women with child, because it opens the veines of the wombe, from two oun∣ces to four. Rose-leaves must be gathered while the morning dew is upon them. Their strength lasts hardly beyond six monthes. Syrup of the flowers of Acacia, de Manna Laxa∣tivus, Horstius his syrupe of tamarinds with senna. Pilulae Angelicae, Benedicta Bejeri. Hiera mellita, from a dram to four drams. II. The stronger are, amonge simples, Asar∣um, which being long boiled loses its strength; very wel beaten, it moves vomit. It is given with whey, wine and honey sod together. Scammonie, which must never be given to such as are inclined to vomit, feverish, weak persons, in the summer, in broaths, alone, because its acrimonie disturbes the body, in∣flames the spirits, hurts the principal parts. 'Tis corrected with juice of Quinces, mucilage of Gum Tragant, spirit of sulphur or vitriol. Be∣ing corrected tis called Diagrydium. 'Tis given from five graines to fifteen. Of com∣pounds are Pilulae Rhudji to a scruple; Au∣reae, which are most in use. Extract of Sca∣monie. The Magisterie thereof, which see in Mynsichtus and Grulingius.

II. Phlegme-purging Medicaments are such as draw excrementitious flegm out of the Body. And they are.

• 1. More gentle a∣mong simples, Myrobalans, Chebulan, and Emblican; which are to be avoided in ob∣structions of the Gutts or Bowels; they are steeped in Chick-broath to an ounce, or boiled therein, with muscadine. Cnicus or Cartha∣mus seeds, which purge water, and crude flegme, and raise wind; because they pro∣voke vomit, they are corrected with Anise, Ginger and Mastich. Mechoacan, which is of subtile parts mingled with Earthy. Of exquisite tertian Agues, it makes double ones. It works most happily in the forme of a pouder, or if it be steeped a night, in wine, or broath, and drunke in the Morning. Amonge com∣pounds are, spices of Hiera picra simple. Lozenges of Mechoacan, described by Hor∣stius.
• II. Vehement Flegme-purgers are, among simples, Agarick, which by a peculiar Faculty frees the Lungs from clammy thick and putrid humors. 'Tis ••afer in the Infusion, than in the substance. Jalop, which is most proper, where choler is mixt with flegme. The Dose is from a scruple to two scruples, with cream of Tartar... It has in it somwhat of Acrimony. Turpetum gummie and white, which because it hurts the Stomach & provokes Vomit, is corrected with Ginger, Pepper and Cinnamon. By its dryness it brings the bodies of those that over use it, into a Consumption. It works best in a decoction. Coliquintida, which purges thick and clammy Humors from the remote parts; and because it sticks to the fibres of the stomach, it provokes vomiting. It must not be corrected by astringents, for they detain it, being a violent medicine, too long in the Body. Hermodactyls, which purge thick humors from the Joynts, and are corrected by atenuaters. Euphorbium, which is hot and dry, in the fourth degree: because it inflames the Jaws and Throat, vexes the Sto∣mach and Liver, raises cold sweat, 'tis corre∣cted with cordials and Stomach strengtheners, but best of al with Oyl of Roses. It must not be used inwardy before it be a year old. Saga∣penum which brings out clammy and thick Humors. Of compounds are, Pils of Saga∣pena of Horstius and Camillus. Syrup of Coloquintida, and Lozenges of Jalap, &c.

III. Melancholy purgers, are such as drive excrementitious melancholy out of the Bo∣dy. And they are,

• 1. Gentle. Among sim∣ples, Indian Myrobalans, which are princi∣pally given in quartan Agues, and purge adust choler. Epithymum, which by a peculiar property above all other medicines, purges this Humor, howbeit but weakly. 'Tis more safely used in the Winter than the Summer. That of Crete, is the best. Polypodie of the Oak, which because it binds when it is old, must be used fresh and new gathered. That which grows on over old Oaks, by its overmuch Humidity, subverts the stomach. Sena, which is used to draw humors out of the Mesentery, in the broth of Prunes, Reisons, and in Whey, &c. its cods, if gathered when ful of juyce be∣fore they are fully ripe, wil work as the leaves doe; but withering upon the stalk, they lose al their virtue. Among Comporunds are, Syrup of polypody, and Epthymum. Pils of Fumitory. Pouder of Sena of Montagna∣na, &c.
• II. The stronger sort are, among simples, Lapis Armenius, which must be so long washed in cordial waters, til no more foulness appear. Lapis lazuli, which must

• be used after the same manner. Black Helle∣bore, which is least dangerous, in the decocti∣on. 'Tis best corrected with the flegm of Vi∣triol. An excellent way and Elegant to give it, is, to stick an apple with cloves and black Hel∣lebore Roots, and roast it in the Embers. A∣mong Compounds are, Extract of black Hellebore, and Syrup of the same, in Heur∣nius.

IV. Water-purgers are Medicaments which drive waters out of Mans body.

• 1. The more gentle are, among simples, Soldanella or Sea-Colewort, which extreamly delights in the company of Rhubarb, and loses not its Vertue by boyling. 2. Germane Orice, which provokes the Courses, and loses its force, by boiling. The juyce of the Root is put in an Egshel with the yolk of the Egg, and so they are boil'd together or roasted til the Egg be soft boyled, so as it may be supt. Among Compounds are, Conserve of Peach Flowers, Pouder of Soldanella of Fowentinus, &c.
• II. The more vehement sort are, Ela∣terium, which slips even without the Veins and draws water away. It may be given to strong persons to the quantity of ten grains, if wel corrected [understand in German Bo∣dies and tough english plough-men or Sad∣lors] 'tis corrected with Cinamon, Spike, &c. Cambogia, which because it makes the Sto∣mach a little sick, it is corrected with Spirit of Salt and Mace. The use thereof is hurtful to cholerick natures. See thereof Reudenius and Lotichius. Hedge-Hyssop, which works upwards & downwards. It is dried and steeped in milk, & then dried again, so as that it may be reduced to pouder. Esula, whose Milk, Seed, Leaves are very strong, but the Root more mild. It must not be used til a month after it has been gathered. That is best, which is five or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 months old. The Bark of the Root is chiefly in use. 'Tis corrected by Infusing three dais in Vineger. Among Compounds are, the Magistery of Cambogia, Pilulae Freytagii, Oyl of Elder-berry Stones.

V. Purgers of al Humors together, which are called Catholica and Panchymagoga; are these which follow: of simples, Sena, Hellebore, Antimony, &c. Of the compounds, Panchymagogum Crollii, Vegitabtle, Para∣celsi, Extractum Catholicum majus & minus. Electuarium Diacatholicon, &c.

Point 2. Of Vomitories and Diureticks.

Vomitories are such Medicaments as cast forth bad humors, by the Mouth.

Which they do, either because they natu∣rally tend upwards; or because they swim upon the Stomach and burthen the same; or because they loosen the upper Orifice of the Stomach. Of this sort are,

• I. The more gen∣tle, simple water, Luke-warm water, Barley water, fat broaths, simple Oyl with wa∣ter, Butter, Hydromel. Root of Orach, Gar∣den Cowcomber, Melons, Daffodillies, Asa∣rum. Flowers of Peaches, of which conserve is made. Seeds of Rocket, Orach. The middle Rind of a Walnut Tree, when it is ful∣lest of juyce, especially the Cats-tailes there∣of. Electuary of Asarum of Fernelius.
• II. The stronger sort are, white Hellebore. The Vomitory of Cunradinus, which is given from three drops to ten drops. Gilla of Paracelsus. White vitriol vomitory. Sala his salt of vitri∣ol. Flores Mercurii argentei. Mercurius Vi∣tae, Mercurius dulcis, Manna Mercurii, Aquila-Flowers of Antimony, Oyl and Electuary of Antimony, and Crocus Metallorum. Aqua benedicta of Quercetanus, Pismire water, Platerus his Wine, Heurneus his Helleborate wine, Aqua Benedicta Rulandi.

II. Diureticks, are medicaments which provoke Ʋrine, and by that means evacuate withal the morbifick matter.

They are twofold:

• 1. Properly so called, which easily penetrate into the Veins, and therein melt the Humors with their heat, and they are Roots of Parsly, Smallage, Eringos, Ruscus, Asparagus, Pimpernel. Herbs, A∣sarum, Liver-wort, Chervil, Scordium. Seeds, of Gromwel, Chervil, Saxifrage. Fruits, bitter Almonds, Peach Kernels, &c. among chymical preparations, is spirit of Salt, and whatever things are compounded of Tartar.
• II. Improperly so called, and they either hot, as Maiden-hair, Terpentine, Ambona Root, of which see Zacutus. Or moist and which lenifie the passages, as Mallow-seeds, Marshmallow, Lycorice. Or cold, as Strawberries, Barly, the four cool seeds, Bath-waters, Whey of Milk, Juice of Lemons. Also Peach-Kernel water with Muscadine is commended. The whitest slints heated red hot and quenched in rich Wine, Oyl of Wax from five drops to six. Salt of Amber, an half dram in weight. Water of Hips, Oyl of Juniper Berries, &c.

Point 3. Of Hydroticks and Diaphore∣ticks.

Hydroticks are, such medicaments as drive

out the morbifick matter by the habit of the body, in a sensible manner, viz. by sweat.

They are otherwise termed Sudorificks. The act by reason of their heat and thinness or subtilty of parts, turning the peccant matter into a vapor; and they which are cold, do act by a propriety of their Substance. Now they are, I. Either Simples, as Angelica, Pim∣pinella, Fumitory, Tormentil, Zedoary, Chi∣na, Sarsaparilla, Sassafras, Lignum Guajacum, Cornu Cervi, Bezoar stone, oriental and occi∣dental.

2. Or Compounds, as, Orenge-Flower Water and Treacle water. Spirit of terra si∣gilata, Tartar, Carduus, de tribus, Treacle, Mithridate. Salt of Scabious, Carduus, Wormwood, Ash. Among chymical prepa∣rations, there is Aurum Diaphoreticum, Flo∣wers of Antimony fixed, Turpetum minera∣le diaphoreticum, Sulfur Auratum, Bezoar∣dicum joviale, &c.

II. Transpirers properly termed Diaphore∣ticks, are such medicaments as drive the mor∣bifickmater through the pores of the Skin, in∣visibly. They are al hot, turn the Matter in a vaporous steam, and open the bodies pores. The chief are, Melilote, Fenugreek, Rue, Marjerom. Of Kin to these, are Wind-discus∣sers, such as are the Roots of the smaller Ga∣langal. Leavs of Bayes, Dictamus Penyroi∣al, Origanum, Rue, Marjerom. Seeds of An∣nis, Fenel, Carway, Cumin, Carrot. Fruits, Bay-berries, Juniper berries. Barks of Ci∣trons, Orenges, &c.

Point 4. Of Medicaments which purge the Brain.

Brain-purgers are such as void the morbi∣fick matter nestling in the Brain, by the No∣strils or Pallate. The former are called Er∣rhina and Ptarmica; the latter Apophleg∣matizantia.

I. Errhina, do by their nitrous quality melt and dissolve the flegm which hangs about the Coats of the Brain, and draw it out into the Nostrils, without any disturbance to the Brain it self. The chief are, the Roots of O∣rice, Bindweed. Leaves of Bete, purple A∣nagallis, Marjerom, Sage, Betony, Ivy. Juy∣ces, Elaterium, which is the strongest, and Juyce of Pulsatilla. Also they may be made out of the foresaid roots and Leaves.

II. Ptarmica, or Sneezers, do by their Acrimony so provoke the Expulsive Faculty of the Brain, as to cause it to cast them out, and with them such excrements as stick in the Brain it self. The cheif are, the Roots of Ginger, Pellitory, Orice white Hellebore. Leaves, of sneezewort, Tobacco Seeds, Pe∣per, Mustard, Staphisacre, Nigella, Gums, Euphorbium, whose smel alone is sufficient.

III. Apophlegmatizers, Being either chew∣ed, or gargled, or smeared upon the Palate, bring down the Excrements from the Braine into the Palate and mouth. They are made of rootes, of Ginger, Pellitory of spaine. Seeds, of peper, watercresses, Mustard, Staphisacre; Gum; mastick.

Point, V. Of Expectorators.

Expectorateing Medicaments are those which evacuate humors contained in the chest and Lungs.

They are made of Roots of Alecampane, Birthwort, Angelica, Orice, Cuckow-pintle, Squills, Lycorice. Of the Leaves of Hyssop, Maiden-haire, Scabious, Horehound, Colts foot. Seeds of Cotton, Watercresses, Erysi∣mum, Seseli, Nettles. Fruites, reisons, jujbes, sebestens, Almonds, Figs, Pistachios. Hither also appertaines Sperma, Ceti. See more of these in the Chest-medicines.