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And so much for compound internal Medi∣caments; the external follow; which are ei∣ther fluid, or solid or of a middling nature, or indifferent. The fluid are.
I. Clisters, are medicaments, which by a convenient Instrument, are cast through the fundament into the Guts. They are made of
Roots, Barkes, Leaves, Flowers, Fruites, boyled in water and strained, some other things being added, which may serve the Intent of the Physitian. Their use is to loosen the belly, to clense, dispel wind, to bind, to sodder, to allay the paines, of the Guts and kidneyes.
II. Diaclysmata or Mouthwashings, are medicaments, which are kept in the mouth, and are by the tongue moved up and down without swallowing. They are cheifly pro∣vided for paines of the Teeth and Diseases of the Jawes.
III. Gargarismes are medicaments, with which the throat is washed without swallow∣ing down, the humor being forced up and down by the breath. They are made of distilled wa∣ters, or convenient decoctions, neither un∣pleasing in tast nor smel, nor haveing any ve∣nemousness in them, in which some syrupe or Quiddinie is dissolved. We use them in re∣pelling, discussing, ripening, abstersion, con∣solidation.
IV. Oiles are made either by distillation, as aforesaid: or by expression of the oleaginous juice, when the fruits and contused seeds grow warme with the vapour of hot water, and being put in a bag are squeezed in a Press: or by infu∣sion, either when the simple medicaments with simple water, or distilled water, wine or o∣ther convenient liquor, are boiled in com∣mon oile, til the Humor be consumed: or when the same simples are macerated in a gen∣tle Heat, or in the Sunn; or when dryed plants, are with oile digested in balneo Mariae, the oile being afterwards pressed out and cla∣rified. The Oiles pressed out are these; Oile of bitter Almonds and of sweet, of Hazel-nuts, of Hemp seed, of Cherry kernels, of Citron seeds, of Rocket, of Henbane, of Walnuts, of Baies, of Mace, of Nigella, of Nutmeg, of Ripe and unripe Olives, of Eggs, de palma, of Poppie, of Peach kernels, of Pine kernels, Pistachios, Rape, Ricinus, sesamus, Acorns. Oiles by infusion in the Sun, and simple are these, Oile of Wormwood, Southernwood, Dil, Chamemel, Cheiri, Quinces, Elecampane, Euphorbium, Pismires, Ground-ivy, Jasemine, Orice, Priver, of Lillies, Lilly convally, wormes, Mastich, Mint, Melilote, Myrtils, Nard, white lilly, Populeum, Frogs, Roses, Rue, Elder, Scor∣pions, Storax, Mullen, Violets. Boiled Oiles, compound, are these following: of Capers, Castoreum, Costus, St. Johns wort, Lilies, Marjorum, Mandrake, Nard, Poppy, Pepers, Foxes. The stillatitious oiles, most in use are these. Of Wormwood, of dil, of Angelica, of Anis, Orenge-peeles, May-but∣ter, Benzoin, Calamus aromaticus, Cam∣phire, Cardamoms, Caraway, Cloves, Waxe rectified, Chamaemel, Chervil, Cinnamon, Bark of Citron, Cumin, Cubebs, Euphorbi∣um, Fenel, Galbanum, Guajacum, Hyssop, Juniper berries, juniper wood, of Tiles ph••∣losophick, of Mace, Marjerom, Mastich, Baum, Mints, Myrrhe rectified. Of Nutmeg, of Origanum, of Peper, of Peny-roial, Rose∣mary, of Roses, of Sage, of Savine, Wild∣bettony, Spike, White amber, yellow Amber, Tartar, Terpentine, Zedoarie.
V. Epithemata, Epithemes are applied to the external parts of the Body, and are made of distilled waters, juices, infusions, sui∣table to the part and disease. To them belong Oxyrrhodina Rose-vinegred Epithemes, which are peculia••ly applied to the forhead, with frequent reiterations, to coole and repel. They were anciently made of Oile of Roses and vinegar; now a daies distilled Oiles and waters, as also juices and pouders are some∣times added.
VI. Pumping or pouring, is when com∣mon water, bathe water, decoctions, Milke, Oile &c. are pumped or poured down upon some part, or suffered to dril upon the same out of a cock or spout of sisterne or Ewer. They are applied cheifly to three places, viz. the suture of the Crown of the Head, the Beginning of the spinal Marrow, and to warme the stomach.
VII. Lotions are either of the whole Bodie, and are called Baths, or of the parts, Head, Hands, Feet, Belly &c. They are made of the same things as fomentations are made of.
External solid Medicaments are:
Suppositories, are sollid Medicaments, which are put up into the fundament, being formed round like a wax candel, four or five fingers breadth longe. They are made of Honey boiled so thick, that it may be wrought and fashioned with a mans fingers, into which o∣ther requisite materials are sprinkled. They are used to loosen the Belly, the patient being weak; to clense and consolidate an ulcer in the Rectum Intestinum, to stop paine, draw back humors flowing upwards, and kil worms in the Guts.
II. Pessaries are made of towzed wool or cotton, wreathed into the forme of a mans finger, impregnated with some juice or Li∣quor, either alone or with pouders commixed: or of beaten medicaments made up in a mortar with convenient liquors, as Fat, Oile, waxe, Ladanum, Galbanum, Honey, and wrought into the forme of a pessarie: or of green herbes a little bruised, and bound with a string into the shape of a pessarie. Or of pouders, re∣ceived in thin wool or Cotton, and bound with a thrid into the forme of a Pessarie. Or of pouders received in thin wool or Cotton, and put into a round bag made of thin cloath, which may be included in a round silver Instru∣ment with holes on the sides, made for that purpose.
III. Plaisters properly so called, are Me∣dicaments, which being spred upon linnen Cloathes or leather, do stick fast to the Skin of the body, & are the same with cerotes in respect of the matter, save that metals and mineralls, and litteridge for the most part, are added, which give it solidity of substance. Al which are boiled to a just consistence, and being coo∣led are made up into rowles. Sometimes be∣fore the Mass is quite cold Cereclothes of old linnen are dipped in, and taken forth. Em∣plasters improperly so called, which are of a middle consistence between a plaster and a Cataplasme, are made without waxe, pitch, and those glewish materials, or fire; with ho∣ney, mucilages, and a certaine clammy creame, or a little wax dissolved in Oile. The cheife Plasters are, Album coctum, Apostolicum, Arthriticum, Basilicum, and Lapide Cala∣minari, Diachylon simplex, Magnum, Par∣bum, cum Gummi, Citrinum, de Crusta pa∣nis, de Baccis Lauri, de Meliloto, de Minio, Mundificativum, Nervinum, Oxycroceum, Diaphenicum calidum, frigidum; de ranis Vigonis, de Rhabardaro, Sparadrap, Stich∣ticum, Paracelsi, Tetrapharmacum, Vesi∣catorium.
IV. Cerotes which consist much of wax, and are not of so hard a consistence as Plasters, are made either of wax, Oile, and Rosin only, or of the same pouders being added besides, so that, the proportion of oiles to pouders is octuple, to wax triple or sextuple, to rosin twelve times as much. Besides al these, fats and gums are added, juices, roots, fruits, or seeds, which must first be boiled, and the colature is after∣wards to be boiled with oile, til the watrish liquor be consumed. The Principle are, Cerot of Betonie, Diacalciteos, Diapalma, Infrigi∣dans Galeni, Oesypi, Diapixer, pro Hermo∣sis, Santalinum, Sparadrappum, Vigonis Stomachale.
V. Cauteria, Cauteries, are medicaments which have a power to burne the Body, and to raise a crust, and they are either Actual, which consist of red hot metals, of which in our discourse of Chirurgerie; or potential, which are made by burning medicaments, and composed of Lie which soap is made of, boi∣led into a consistence of Salt, or of a stone al∣most, which is vulgarly called Lapis corrosivus. An Ulcer made by a Caustick or Cautery, is commonly called a fontanel or issue.
External medicaments of a middle Consis∣tence are.
I. Balsams are made of oiles incorpora∣ted with white wax deparated, or oile of Nut∣megs by expression, or the marrow of a Calfe washed, or manna clarified. Also the ex∣tracts of things whose balsom is desired, may be mingled with them. The most usual are these; of Angelica, of Anise, An Apoplectick Balsom, with musk and civet, of Orenges, of Cloves, of Cinnamon, of Citrons, Cubebes, of Lavendar, of Mace, of Marjorom, of Mints, of Nutmegs, of Rose-mary, of Roses, of Rue, of Amber, Zedoary. There are also distilled Balsomes which are nothing else but distilled spirits (and a potion of oile) proceeding from rosins, gums, spices, and such like drawn out with spirit of wine. The most usual are, Balsamus vitae, Nervinus, Antiarthriticus, &c.
II. Liniments, are Medicaments of a mid∣dle consistency between an oile and an unguent, and are made by adding to Oiles, Butter, Fat, Suet, Marrow, juices, pouders, rosins, teares of trees; in this proportion for the most part, that to one ounce of oiles, two drams or three of fats be added, one dram of spices; somtimes though seldom, a dram of wax is added. Al are mixed either with fire, or without fire, or boiling; sometimes they are set over the fire to melt the gums and fats; and sometimes they are a little boiled to consume and wast away the juices added.
III. Ointments, differ from Liniments by their thicker consistence, and are made either without fire, or with fire, of fats, oiles, gums, pouders, usual ointments of herbes, roots,
seeds; macerated in water, wine, juices, oiles, and boiled to the Consumption of the liquor. The most usual are of Agrippa, Aegyptiacum, Alabastrinum, Album camphoratum, Altheae simplex compositum, Apostolicum, Arthanitae, Aureum, Citrinum, Comitissae, Infrigidans Galeni, Martiatum magnum, de Nicotiana, Tutiae, Pectorale, Pomatum, Populeon, Potabile, Resumptivum, Rosatum, Rubeum Camphoratum; ad Scabiem, Enulatum cum, and sine Mercurio, Apertivum. Of al which see the London Dispensatory in English.
IV. Cataplasmes or Pultesses, are Medi∣caments made up in the form of watergrewel or hasty-pudding. They are made, either, with∣out fire, which they terme crude, when green herbes bruised are reduced into a Pultis, or dried and poudered. They are mixed with a double or triple Quantity of some convenient Oile or Liquor: either over the fire or with boiling, when either the Plants broken or bruised, boiled til they are soft, and drawn through a searse; to which mucilages, meales, oiles, are added, or the Plants are soon after boiled in Oile. Hitherto may be refered.
I cal those indifferent medicaments which are sometimes prepared liquid, sometimes solid, sometimes of a middle cinfistence: and they are.
I. Apophlegmatismes, are medicaments which being held in the mouth, draw flegm out of the Head and neighbouring parts: They are prepared many times after the same manner that Gargarismes are: sometimes medicaments are beaten, and with some convenient liquor brought into the forme of an electuary: some∣times whole simples are only held in the mouth and chewed: sometimes being beaten they are with honey or wax reduced into trochisks: and sometimes they are shaped into a nodule.
II. Dentifrizes, Teeth-scrubbers, are prepared to clense, whiten, and fasten the Teeth to contract the loosened gums; either fluid, or in forme of a Liniment, Pouder, Tro∣chischs.
III. Errhina, Nose-Medicines, are put into the Nostrils, either in a moist forme, which are either powred in, or anointed on; or in a dry form, and then either they are figu∣red our of convenient roots or stalks, into a pyramidal forme, and are steeped in water and so used; or the pouder of simples are blown into the nostrils; or tents of wool or cloath are wet with some juice or water, and being sprinkled with pouders are thrust up into the Nostrils; or pouders are with mucilage, Gum, Terpentine, Oile or Wax, formed into Py∣ramidal pencils.
IV. Ptarmica, sneezers, differ not much from the former, and procure sneezings.
V. Odours are made of such things as have a sweet smell, and are either fluid, or are made up in the forme of an Apple, Pouder, Lini∣ment.
VI. Soapes are made of Castle-soape sha∣ven, and about a sixt or eight part of some convenient pouders mixt therewith, and with some liquor made into a mass of which wash∣bass are framed.
VII. Suffitus, Perfumes to burn, belong to Odors, and are prepared in form of Pouder, Trochisks and Pyramides.
VIII. Eye-salves are used externally to the Eyes, and are prepared either drie, being bea∣ten very smal in a mortar; or moist, which either are distilled into the Eyes in form of a Liquor, or anointed upon them in form of a salve; or Vaporous, which being boiled in water, the vapour exhaling from them is re∣ceived into the Eyes, the patients Head being to that end covered with a cloath of Linnen. But touching al these consult the Medico-chy∣mical Pharmacopeia of Dr. John Schroder, which I commend to students of Physick a∣bove al others.