The idea of practical physick in twelve books ... / written in Latin by John Johnston ... ; and Englished by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ... and W.R.

Chap. I. Of simple Medica∣ments.

Article, 1. Of such Medicaments as are dug out of the Earth.

MEdicaments considered in their sorts are variously divided: howbeit the cheif differences are those which are taken from their constitution, qualities, and virtues, the parts of mans Body, the Planets and Signs of the Zodiack, to which Magical medicaments may be added.

In respect of their Constitution, Medicaments are Simple or Compound. I cal those Simple, which are such as nature has produ∣ced, having received no composition by art, but go into the composition of artificial me∣dicaments: and they are Fossilia, Vegetabilia, Animalia, or Microsmica. Fossilia, are such medicaments as are fetcht out of the Bowels of the Earth. Under this kind are contained, I. Earths, which wil dissolve when water is pou∣red upon them, such as.

• 1. Argilla, potters clay, of very little, though some use in physick.
• 2. Chalke, useful in want of appetite. Terra Lemnia, of a red coler and fat, so that held in the mouth it seemes to be made of suec.
• 4. Bole Armeniack, or oriental Bole, which is counted best, if it wil presently rub in a mor∣tar to very fine pouder, and has no grittyness or sandiness in it. Red bole is the vulgar Bole of the Shops,
• 5. Cimolia, either the white or that enclineing to purple; being fat, and cold to feele to, it is best.
• 6. Terra Silesiaca, or strigensis, which Montanus found out.

II. Concrete or congealed juices, such as

• 1. Salt, whether it be Sal gem, or Sea Salt; the former of which is dug out of Mines, and being thrown into the fire, it does not crackle, but takes flame.
• 2. Nitre, as wel that of Dioscorides, of a rosie or white color, as the vulgar Sal Nitre or Salt peter so cald; the froath which by long boileing it sends forth, is termed Aphronitrum.
• 3. Allum, especially roche or rock allum. For the Alumen scissile, or leader alum, which is not sensible of the force of fire, and Catinum made of the ashes of the plant Kali, are not in use. 'Tis called stip∣terion.
• 4. Vitriol or Chalcantum, which is nothing else than a Coagulum of sulfurous, brazen or iron saltness. Se thereof Verbezius and Billichius in the first book of Chymical observations, Chap. 13. The white and na∣tive is counted best; when burnt, tis termed Colcothar.
• 5. Sulfur, which if it be natu∣ral, it is shineing and transparent like a Glow∣worme, of a light ash color without, and yel∣low within: if made by Art, it is very fat and greenish.

III. The several sorts of Bitumen, such as

• 1. Haphtha, strainings of Babylonian Bi∣tumen, fluid, white, extreamly apt to take fire.
• 2. Petroleum, as if you should say, oile out of a rock, which is gathered in the country about Modena in Lombardy.
• 3. Spermaceti, or a whiteish ambar, the Creame of the Sea. 'Tis collected in the Sea, being a fa••ty and branny foam thereof. Choose that which is white, fat, &c.
• 4 Ambar-greife, which is cast out of the Channels of the Sea upon the shoare, & growes hard by lying in the Aire. The best is of an Ash-color most fragrant, which being prickt with a pin, sweates out much fat moisture. That which is made by Art is commonly black, and put in water, grows quickly soft.
• 5. Succinum or amber, cal∣led citrine or yellow amber, Electrum, Carabe, is found in shallow parts of the Sea, and on the shoares thereof. The white is lighter, fra∣granter, and better; the yellow, is also good, if transparent, and if being rubbed it smel like Rosemary. See thereof Libavius.
• 6. Ga∣gates, jeat, is black, crustie, and ful of Bitu∣men; if set on fire, it flames, smells like bitumen, and so it is distinguished from pit coales.

IV. Stones, such as are.

• 1. Among the more precious sort.
  • 1. The Smaragd, of which the Scytian is best, being of one color, and that a light Green.
  • 2. The Sapphyr, which if it be of an azure color is best; if of a watrie color, 'tis of smal esteem. 'Tis found in Zeilan, Calcut and Pegu.
  • 3. The Ru∣bine; of which there are four kinds. The true and best sort, is of the color of Indian Lac or Scarlet, the slightest are the Balassius and Spi∣nellus.
  • 4. The granate, which is best if it have the color of a march violet, mingled with the red.
  • 5. Sardius, which is common∣ly found at Sardis, and thence has its name; is most approved, when reddest.
  • 6. Hemati∣tes

• ...
  • or Bloodstone, greenish, party color'd, sprinkled over with bloody spots.
  • 7. The Nephrithickstone, dark, party color'd, min∣gled of green and other colors, its surface seems alwaies fat.
  • 8. The Chrysolite, which is ei∣ther Oriental, or Europaean. The former is soft, and has a golden color, with more or less blackness.
  • 9. Chrystallus, which is then best when most transparent.
  • 10. The Hyacinth, which is the better for being but one only color, The worst is the Arabian.
• II. Among the less precious sort are.
  • 1. Lapis lazuli, which is of a dark azure color, adorned with golden streaks, or specks.
  • 2. Lapis Armenius, which is variegated with many green and blew spots, and some blackish ones, the Sky color'd is preferred before the deeper blew.
  • 3. Lapis judaicus, roundish, with equi-distant streaks al along, as if so turned by Art.
  • 4. Lapis Lyncis, cald also Belemnites, is of a pyramidal shape, and is found of divers colors.
  • 5. Mag∣nes, or Heracleus, so much the better by how much more Sky color'd and hoary.
  • 6. Osteo∣colla, which is of the shape of a bone, and is also termed Holosteus.
  • 7. Silex, a flint, a wel known stone.
  • 8. Talcum, a stone like the Lapis specularis, but more thin, scaly, greenish, resisting the fire, and fixed: which also some relate of the Osteocolla.
  • ••. Ʋnicornu fossile, or a stone which in color and smoothness and frequently in the very shape resembles an horn.
• III. Among those taken out of Living Creatures.
  • 1. Coral, especially the red. That is counted the best which is of a flourish∣ing color, smelling like Sea weeds, branchy, brittle; not the rough scabby and hollow.
  • 2. Lapis sponguis, which grows in spunges, being porous, friable, and of a white or gray color.
  • 3. Alectorius, or Cock-stone, that's most esteemed, which has appearing therein as it were a crum of meat congealed, pretty bright in appearance.
  • 4. Chelidonius, the swallow stone, which is Hemisphaerical, and alwaies hollow within.
  • 5. The Carpie stone, which is triangular, and is found about the beginning of the dorsal Marrow.
  • 6. Crabs eyes, a thing wel known.
  • 7. Ʋnbilicus marinus, which is found in the Orifice of a snail, when it shuts it selfe up in the winter.
  • 8. Lapis Cayma∣num, which is taken out of the Bellies of Cro∣codiles or mighty lizards in America.
  • 9. Lapis porcinus, Hogstone, which is found in the Gall of Hogs near Mallacca.
  • 10. Perch stone, found in the fish so called: now there are two found in the said fish, white, oblong, plane, toothed on the one side.
  • 11. Bezoar stone, of which kind the Oriental are praised, the Persian, such as are blackish green, whose under crust shines, when the uppermost is ta∣ken away. The true b••zoar is known, in that being rubbed with chalk it becomes of a yello∣wish green; or being steeped in water three hours, it becomes no heavier than it was be∣fore.
  • 12. Aetites, Eagle stone, which is said to be carried by the Eagle into her Nest; of which see Laurembergius.

IV. Metals, which are either natural.

• 1. Gold, which the chymists cal Sol, the Sun. The best is that of Arabia, the next that of Hungaria, the next to that the Rhenish.
• 2. Silver, which the Chymists term Luna and Cerebrum, the Moon and Brain.
• 3. Tin, which the Chymists cal Jupiter: The purest is found in England.
• 4. Brass, or Copper, which the Chymists term Venus, the best is in Cy∣prus.
• 5. Iron, which the Chymists cal Mars: the best is that of Damascus, and the Spanish.
• 6. Lead, or Saturne.
• 7. Quicksilver, or Mercury, the Idol of Chymists, which comes out in drops from the Clods of many Mines.

To these ad Stibium or Antimonium, the Cure and torment of the Hermeticks, which was of old, sold as it was dug up, but now it is tryed first. II. Or Artificial, as are.

• 1. Scoria, or the dross which comes when the Oar is tryed in the furnace.
• 2. Cadmia fornacum, viz. That which cleaves to the roof of the Furnaces when the oar of metals is tryed. The best is, that which is afforded by the furnaces of Cyprus.
• 3. Pomphodix Nihili, or Tutia; which is a volatil spark which flows from melted Brass. The best is the white and smooth, that of Cy∣prus is most commended.
• 4. Spodium, un∣derstand that of the Greeks, and not of the A∣rabians; and it is nothing but a clot of sparkles or ashes which fly in the melting of brass, and quickly fal to the ground.
• 5. Flos aeris, to which ad verdigrease and the scales of b••••ss.
• 6. Cerus, which is drawn out of lead, with the help of vineger. The most esteemed is that of Rhodes and of Puteolum.
• 7. Cinnabaris, which comes from the Shops of the Quicksilver Men.
• 8. Literidge, or the thinner dross of silver purged from the plumbaginous matter, which is blown out by blast of the Bellows.

Article, II. Of Vegitable Medicaments.

Vegitable Medicaments are, trees, shrubs, and herbs; inasmuch as they serve to remove the disorders of the Body, either in whol or in part, viz. By their roots, woods, barkes,

leaves, tops, flowers, fruits, and humors. I. Those Trees are.

• I. Aple-bearers, as the Apple tree, the Quince tree, the Citron tree, the Orenge tree, the Peach tree, the pear tree, the Fig tree, the Sycomore tree, the Mulbery tree, the Crab tree, the Medlar tree, the Service tree, the Apricock tree, the Malacotone tree, the Damsin tree, Myrobalan∣plum tree, the Sebesten tree, the Jujubee tree, the Cornel tree, the Lotus, the Cherry tree, to which we may ad the Ebeny and the Guaiacum trees.
• II. The Nut-bearers, the Almond tree, the Walnut tree, the Hasel tree, the Filberd tree, The Chestnut tree, the Pistachio tree, Glans unguentaria tree, the Styrax tree, to which many out-landish Nuts, must be referred.
• III. Date-bearers, such as the Palme,
• IV. Mast-bearers, as the Beech, the Oake, The Cork, the Suber, the Ilex and Smilax of the Arabians, whereunto also belong Misletoe, Galls and Oake apples.
• V. Berrie-bearers, as the Sanders tree, The Mastick tree, the Frankincense tree, the Terpentine tree, the Balsam tree, the Sumach tree, the Cocconilea, the Ash tree, the Holme tree, the Linden tree, the Wild vine, the Ostrys tree, the Cotton tree the Maple, the Plantane, the Sassafras, the Ricinus, the Barbery tree, the Gooseberry tree, the Elder, the Laurel and bay tree, the Chame∣lea, the Thymelea, the Cheoron, the Myrtle, the Butchers Broome, the Rasberry tree, the Box tree, the Olive tree, the Agnus castus tree, the Privet; the Primprint, the Philyra, the White bramble, Box thorne, the black berry bush, the Capat tree, the Savine tree, the Cedar tree, the Cypress tree, the Juniper tree, the Asparagus, the Eugh, and Dragon tree.
• VI. Spice-bearers, the Nutmeg tree, the Mace tree, Macer tree, the Cassia lignea or Canella, the Cinnamon tre•• the Folium tree, the Clove tree, the Peper tree, the Cubebes tree, the Amomum tree, the Graines of paradice tree, and the Cardamom tree. Hither also may Lignum Aloes tree be referred.
• VII. Cod bearers, as the Cytisus, Anagyris, the Acacia the Aspalathus Genista or Brown, Spartium, Scorpius, Cliothen, Sena, Euonymus Nerion.
• VIII. Cone bearers as the conebear∣ing Ceader, the Pine, the Larch tree, the Pitch tree, the Fir tree.
• IX. Cotkin or cats taile bearers as the willow, the Alder, the Elme, which beares also bladders, the Poplar tree.
• X. Rose bearers, the Rose tree, the Cistus and Cistus Ledum. &c.
• XI. Brush trees, Tamar∣iske, Heath &c.

II Also Herbes are variously divided. For they are.

• I. It we regard their roots, Bul∣bous, as the Bulbous flower delize, the stock gilloflower, Safron, Colchicum, the Onion, the Leek, the Squil, Garlik, Moly, Orchis or Cullions, and Satyrium or Dogs-stones &c.
• II. If we consider their Leaves they are,
  • I. Long leaved and stalked, as Grass, Rushes, Nardus, Cyperus, Horstaile, the Reed, Pa∣pyrus or Egptian paper, Xyris, Orice, Acorus, Galangal, Ginger, Zedoary, Costus, &c.
  • 2. Thick-leaved as Houseleek, Venus navel, Aloes, Rhodia, Telephium, Purslane, Cepea Crithmum, Kali, Tragum.
  • 3. Hairie lea∣ved, Gromwel, Cynoglossum, or Hounds tongue.
  • 4. Nervy leaved as Gen∣tian, Plantan, Flea wort, Bistort, Pond weed, Water-lilly, Cucko-pintle, Heliebore &c.
  • 5. Round leaved, the two Birth∣worts, Colts foot, Broad dock, Bur dock, Asarum.
  • 6. Hair like, as Phyllitis, Hemi∣onitis, Asplenium, Lunaria, Maiden haire, Polytrichum, Wal rue, Ros-solis, Ferne, Poly podie, and others.
  • 7. Thorny or prick∣ly, as the Thistle, Scolymus of Theophrastus Venus bason, Eryngos, Euphorbium, Dra∣gant &c.
  • 8. Three leaved, five leaved &c.
  • 9. Soft leaved as Marsh mallowes, Mercury, Rhubarbe. &c.
• III. If they beare flowers they are.
  • 1. Turn crowned and helmet fashiond, as Mints, Calamints, Origanum, Penyroyal, Hyssop, Time, Stechas of Arabia, Lavendar, Vulgar spike, Ground pine, Oake of Jerusalem, Sage, Nettle, Betony, Eye bright, Scrophularia, Prunella, Hedge hyssop, Dictamnus &c.
  • 2. Star fashioned, as Ru∣bia, Gallion, Cruciata, Rue.
  • 3. Spur fashiond or lark heeld, Aquilegium, Roial Comfrey, Toad flaxe &c.
  • 4. Button tufted, as Cumin, Fenel, Dil, pellitory, Fennel∣giant, Thapsia, Turpit, Hogs-fennel, Carot, Chervil, Smallage, Angelica, Imperatoria, Laserpitium, Panax, Caraway, Coriander, Anise, Pimpernel, Myrthis, Hemlock, Lo∣vage, Filipendula.
  • 5. Berry bunched Ele∣campane, Pellitorie, Mugwort, Sneezwort, Wormwood &c.
  • 6. Headed, Scabious, Jacea, Cyanus, Scorzonera, Caltha, Succisa, Cardus, &c.
• IV. If Fruit, they are
  • 1. Apple-bearers, Mandrake, Cucumber, Melon, Pompion, Anguria, Gourd, Coloquintida, wild or Ass cowcumber.
  • 2, Codded, as are besides the pulses, and the pot-herby sort, Hedysarum, Ornithopodium, Polygala, Onobrychis, Galega, Glycyrthize, Fumitory, Cesondine, Aquilegia, Nigella.
  • 3. Case carriers, Garden Cresses, Shephards-pouch, Scurvy grass, wild radish &c.
  • 4. Vessel-bearers, as Centorie, Mouse

• ...
  • eare, Flax, St. Johns wort, Anagallis, Mo∣ny wort, Rupture wort, Poppie &c.
• V. If we regard their use, they are.
  • 1. Cornes, as Wheate, Spelt, Barley, Rie, Oates, Blasted Corne, Rice, Milium, Panicum, Phalaris, Indian Corne.
  • 2. Kitching hearbs, as Rapes, smal turneps, Iberis, Taragan, Campanula, Rapistrum, Rocket. Mustard, Alliaria, Cole wort, Docks, and Patientes, Betes, Blites, Centaury the greater, Orach, Pellitorie, Mercurie, Lettice, sowchistle, Cichory &c.
  • 3. Pulses which are gathered, as Beanes, French Beanes, Pease, Tares, Fetches, Lentils, Orobus, Cicer, the Lupine, Fenugreek &c.
• VI. If the manner of growing, there are convolvuli or Scandentes, such as twist themselves about other plants or props and so reare themselves as are besides apple bearers and the pulses, Scammony, Soldanella, Salsaparilla China, Bryonie, Mechoacan, Hops, the Grape vine, Lilly Convally, Ivy, Indian, Watercresses, Birthwort, Bindweed, Gramen parnassi, Saxifrage &c.
• VII. If their juice, some are milkie plants, as Tithymallus, Esula, Peplus, Peplis, Lathyries, and Chamasyce &c.
• VIII. If their place, in which they grow, they are 1. Garden wood, Feild, Mountaine, Meadow and water plants, as are Moss, Duck weed, Lungwort, Sea nettle, Sea weed, Arsmart, Anagallis, &c.
• IX. If we regard the virtues, we shal find in a manner infinite differences of Hearbs; of which I shal speak hereafter, as much as wil serve for our present purpose; and more largely and exactly, elsewhere,

III. The Humors of plants are best distinguished into thickned juces, Gums, Rosins, and Pitch.

I. Thicked juices are,

• 1, Ammoniacum, which is named from the Oracle of Jupiter Hammon, tis bred in a tree called Metopion. That is most approved which is sincere and unmixed and condensed into clotters like Frankinsense, smelling somewhat like Casto∣rium, Bitter in tast, yellow without, white within, growing soft if it be wrought between the Fingers.
• 2. Galbanum, the juice of a Ferulous plant which grows in Syria. The best is gristly, yellow, fat, not woody, of a strong ungrateful smel, because it retains in it some of its seeds and sticks.
• 3. Opopanax, a juice flowing out of the root of Hercules his Allheale, That is most esteemed, which is white within, yellow without, bitter, strong sented, fat, milkie like Galbanum, and when it is melted resembling a milkie liquor.
• 4. Sagapenum, or Sera-pinum, the liquor of an herbe like fenelgiant growing in Media. Thats best which is sincere, transparent, red without, within when it is broken, yellow, or compact of yellow or whiteish drops, growing soft between the singers.
• 5. Opium, or a milkie liquor running from the stalke of a black pop∣pie lightly gashed. The best is that which is white, or yellowish like the Haires of a Lions-skin, congealed into a Mass as it were made up of little graines of divers colors, dirty and of a strong and virulent smel.
• 6. Aloes, which is either Caballina, or Hepatica, or Socatrina you must choose that which is far, void of Stones, friable in winter, soft in summer, compact like the substance of the Liver.
• 7. Scammony, which is reserved of a milkie roote being cut, out of which it runs and is dried. Thats best which is transparant, ful of holes like a spounge, and when it is rubbed against the tongue it shewes a white liquor on its surface, resembling milke.
• 8. Elaterium, or the juice of the wild Cowcumber thickned, which is the most lasting of al medicaments; and that is best which is oldest.
• 9. Euphorbium, or a most sharp biteing juice of a tree, resembling the ferula. That must be chosen which is pure, transparent, white or yellow, and biteing, and which being lightly toucht with the tongue, inflames the mouth a long time after.
• 10. Juice of Lycorize, which is drawen out of the roots, and is condensed into Balls-or little cakes.
• 11. Succus Acaciae, a juice prest out of Acacia a plant in Egypt. Choose that which is moderately yellow and odoriferous.
• 12. Acacia Germanica, or the juice of boiled sloes, prest out, set in the Sun, and dri∣ed.
• 13. Manna, which is gathered in Ca∣labria from the Ashen trees. Choose that which is white and not above a yeare old. 'Tis counterfeted by sugar pemies wrapt up in leaves of herbes.
• 14. Gummi Gotte, or Cambogia, Gummi Gamandra, Gummi de peru, which is extracted out of the Indian Ricinus. See thereof Reudenius, Lotichius, and Bontius in his Medicina Indorum.

II. Gumms are,

• 1. Gum Arabick; the best is transparent like Glass, unmixt, in crinkled bits representing wormes, and white.
• 2. Gum tragant, which drops out of the root of thorny plants, which the Greeks cal Traga∣cantha. 'Tis transparent, white, sweetish, light and sincere.
• 3. Sarcocolla, the teare of a tree growing in Persis, like fine franckin∣cense, yellowish and bitterish.
• 4. Gummi Hederoea, of a yellowish red color, strong smell, and biteing tast.
• 5. Cancamum, or

• the teare of an Arabian tree, somewhat repre∣senting myrrhe, of a very strong tast.
• 6. Lacca officinarum. Gum lac of the shops, is made of the juice of a certaine tree, in Pegu and Malavar. Tis said to be made by the wing∣ed Pismires.
• 7. Sanguis Draconis, Dra∣gons blood, or the juice of a certaine tree which being congealed, resembles dryed blood. It makes water of a milkie color, but without mixture.
• 8. Assafetida, or the Teares of Silpheum growing in Libia and other Coun∣tries. Choose that which is unmixt, resemb∣ling Garlick in smel, and clammie. 'Tis adul∣terated by the mixture of meal, bran, and Saga∣penum.
• 9. Champhire of the shops, or the Resinous Teare of a certaine high tree. Choose that which is white, transparent as christal, not spotted, fragrant, apt to crumble between the fingers, and which being set on fire, can hardly be quenched.
• 10. Juniper Gum, drie, hard, yellow, like mastich. Liquid Varnish is made of it and Linseed oile. I forbeare to speake of Cherrie tree gum, Elme tree gum, &c.

III. Rosins are either moist or drie. The moist are.

• 1. Terpentine, or a liquor which flowes from the Trunk and boughes of the tree Terebinthus. The best is white, trans∣parent, enclining to skie color, fragrant and biteing.
• 2. Rosin of the Larch tree, or Ter∣pentine of the shops, which is many times sold for the former. The best is the purest, most fragrant, somwhat transparent, and which falls hastily and equally from the finger dipt into it.
• 3. Maistich which flows from the Lentish tree, and seems referable to the Gum rosins. The best is white, shineing, fragrant, crumbly, and which growes in Chios. 'Tis counterfeited, with a mixiture of franckincense and Rosin.
• 4. Olibanum of the shops, or the liquor of an Arabian tree. The cheife is the male, that which drops out, round, white; the next in value is the Orobium, which growes in Amelum, which is smaller and yel∣lower; the next to that is Amomites, which is white, and yeildes to the fingers when it is softned, like mastich.
• 5. Myrrhe, or the Tear of a tree which growes in Arabia, like the Egyptian thorne, which tree being cut it drops downe upon mats spread beneath. The Tro∣glodytick myrrh is counted best, which is gree∣nish, transparent and biteing; the second in repute is thin and clammie like Bdellium; the third in value is that which is termed Caucalis, black and parched; the worst is the factitious whith lookes like Gum.
• 6. Storox or the teare of a tree like a Malocotone growing in Syria. The best is yellow and fat, rosinie, with whiteish drops; which being wrought between the fingers, sends forth an honey-like moisture keeping the fragrancy of the lump. 'Tis adulterated by the dust of a tree which the worms have made by their gnawing.
• 7. Li∣quid Ambar, or an oily rosin, of a most sweet and strong smel, flowing out of a certaine tree in the west Indies, called Ocosotle.
• 8. Bdel∣lium, or the Teares of a tree in Bactria. That is most approved, which is bitter, trans∣parent, like Bulls-glue, fat within, and ea∣sily growing soft.
• 9. Benjuinum or Ben∣jamin a gum flowing from the wounded boughes of a certaine tal tree in the East-In-dia's. The best has white spots in it resemb∣ling almonds, and grows in Zeilan.
• 10. Ta∣camahaca, or a Rosin which flowes out of a wounded Tree which growes in Nova Hispa∣nia. In color tis like Galbanum, it has white nailes, a strong smel and tast, and sticks fast to the skin.
• 11. Gummi Elemi, or a trans∣parent white teare, with yellow particles in∣termixt, reduced into a Mass; and rendring a sweet smel when its burnt. 'Tis brought out of Ethiopia. Dioscorides describes it yellow somewhat like Scammonie, and biteing.
• 12. Colophonia of the shops is a dried rosin, of an oilie substance, yellowish, drie, and friable, being the remainders of the fir and pitch tree, when they are clarified by the fire, being thickned and hardned by cold. Choose that which is transparent, fragrant, and resembles the smel of franckincense when 'tis burnt.

III. 'Tis needless that I should ad any thing concerning pitch; Touching Plants consult the Theatrum Botanicum of Baubin, which is now comeing forth: to the more easie know∣ledg whereof my doctrine of Plants, and other Treatises, which in dispight of envie, I have in hand, shal lead thee.

But the knowledg of the Vertues of Plants, depends upon the signatures also, or simili∣tudes, which they seem to have, with the Parts, Humors, and Diseases, whether it happen in shape, which is in this case most considera∣ble, or only in sensible qualities, or in actions and manners &c. Howbeit, these notes are either Fixed, which are seen in seeds, Roots and Flowers: or movable, which are taken from Taft, Smel, Color, Shape, Hairyness, Smoothness, &.

1. As for the Parts of mans Body,

• 1. The Head is represented by the Poppie, Wal-nut, Indian Nut, Peonie, Squil, Agarick, Lilly

• convallie.
• 2. The Eyes, by the Graines of Herbe Paris, flower of Eye bright, Anthenis, Mary Gold, Hawkweed, Anemone, Scabi∣ous, &c.
• 3. The Teeth, by Henbane without cods, stones of a pomegrannate, pine kernels, Toothwort, Leaves of Prick-Madam, foot of the smaller Celandine.
• 4. The Eares, by Asarum and Garden Scurvigrass leaves.
• 5. The Nose, by the leaves of Menastrum Aquaticum.
• 6. The throat or wezand by Winter-green, Uvularia, Cervicariat and Cassia Fistularis.
• 7. The Lungs, by stony lungwort, spotted Lungwort, lungwort of the Oak.
• 8. The Heart, by pome-citrons, The roots of Anthora, The an∣acardine Beanes.
• 9. The Liver, by Liver∣wort, the toad-stoole that growes upon Birch and Oake, the. Herbe Lichn.
• 10. The Spleen; by Scolopendrium, Hearts-tongue, Lupines.
• 11. The Stomach, by Bindweed, leaves, Ginger, Galingal.
• 12. The gutts, by Bindweed, calamus aromaticus, Cassia Fistularis.
• 13. The Navil, by Umbilicus Veneris.
• 14. The bladder, by Alkekengi, Bladder wort, Colutea, nightshade.
• 15. The Privites, by Cuckoes-pintle, Beanes.
• 16. The Stones, by several sorts of Orchis, Satyri∣um, Dracunculus, leekes, Stags pizzle.
• 17. The wombe, by Aristolochia rotunda, round birth wort, Mace, Sabine.
• 18. The Reines, by Purslane.
• 19. The joints, by Her∣modactyls, Sarsa pariglia.
• 20. The Hand by Palma Christi.
• 21. The Haire of the Head, by the Moss of trees, and Maiden haire.

II. As for what concerns Humors.

• 1. Cholor yellow, is represented by such plants as have flowers or juices of a yellow or Safron∣colour, as Aloe, Senna, Wormwood, Spurge Safron, Coloquintida, Rhubarbe &c.
• 2. Leek-colored Choler, Blites, Orach.
• 3. Pale Choler by Bryonie.
• 4. Black-choler, by such whose flowers, Leaves or juice, are black∣ish purple, or Skie-colored, as Beanes, Lentils, Vetches, Borrage, Bugloss &c.
• 5. Flegm, by white-flowered plants, as gourds, Lettice &c.
• 6. Blood by such as are of a red color, or staind with a red color, as Red sanders China root, Fearne root, Sorrel root.

III. As for Diseases.

• 1. The Stone is represented by Gromwel, white-Saxifrage root, nutshells and their kernels.
• 2. Smal risings by Lentiles.
• 3. Excrescences by Agaric, and Galls.
• 4. The Jaundice by Celondine, Saffron, Centaurie.
• 5. The Polipus, by the roots of the smaller Celondine and polypodie.
• 6. Lentigines, specks or spots, by the white and speckled barke of the Birch-tree, and the Lichen which growes upon trees.
• 7. Morphewes &c. by Garlick, Cucko-pintle, Arisarum, Arsmart, Lungwort &c.
• 8. Wounds by Through waxe, Mille∣folium.

Article, 3 Of animal Medicaments.

Animal Medicaments, are such as are ta∣ken either from whole liveing Creatures, or some parts of them.

All Livewights are considerable in a five fold difference, for they are either birds or Four-footed Beasts, or Fishes, or Creeping things, or Bloodless-wights.

I. Of birds, among those that live on Land are.

• 1. Carnivorous, that live on Flesh, The Eagle, the Vulture, the Hawk, the Kite, the Buzzard, the Cucko, the Falcon, Parrot, Crow, Jackdaw, the Chough, the Magpie, the Owle, the Batt, the Ostrich.
• II. Plant feeders, and they are either.
  • 1. Scrapters in the dust, both wild, as the Peacock, Phea∣sant, Heath-cock, Bustard, Partrich, Quaile, Turkey-cock; and also tame, as the Cock and Hen.
  • 2. Or Scrapers and washers both, as the Dove, Turtle, Pigeon, Sparrow.
  • 3. Or singers, as the Linnet, Gold-finch, Thistle-finch, Thrush, Larke.
  • 4. Berry-feeders, as the Black-bird, Feldefare, &c.
• III. In∣sect-eaters.
  • 1. That sing not, as the Pidan∣ner, the Titmouse, the Wood-pecker, the Wren, the swallow, the Lapwing, the Muskin, a dishwasher, a Redstart, a Robin-redbrest.
  • 2. That sing, as the Nightingal. Of those that live in the water.
    • I. Broad-footed,
      • 1. Fisheaters, the Pelicane, the Cormor∣ant, the Sea-mew, the plungeon, the Sea∣gul, the Swimmer.
      • 2. Grass-eaters, The Swan, the Goose, the Duck, the Moot-hen.
    • II. Cloven-footed
      • 1. Flesh-eaters, the Storke, the Ibis, the Redwing, the Heron, the Porphyrie, the Kings fisher, the Ispis.
      • 2. Insect-eaters, The Arquata, the Crex, the Tocanus, Dab-chick, Scolopax, Tringa, Junco, Cinclus, vanellus, &c.
      • 3. Corn-eaters, as the Crane.

II. Fishes are,

• I. Seafish, and they are
  • 1. either such as keep in the deepes, both scaled; as the stockfish, the Herring the Li∣paris: the Sea-bore, the Glaucus, the Horse∣tail, and the Smooth, as the Tunie, the Pompi∣lus, the Amia, the Sword-fish, the Remora, the Conger, the Lamprey: also the gristly

• ...
  • long-shaped, as the Dogfish of Aristotle, the Galeus, the Catulus, the Sea-Weazel, the Star-Fish, the Blew-fish, the Thorn-back, the Sea-Ape, the Zigaena; and the plain flat sort, as the Torpedo, the Pastinaca, the Sea-Eagle, the Ray, the Sea-frog, the Sole, the Maid.
  • II. Or such as delight in stony places, the sca∣led, as the Gilthead, the Thrush, the Peacock, the Lepras, the Black-bird, the Phycis, the Sea-Perch, the Channe, the Liver-fish, the Black-tail, the Crow-Fish, Adonis, Sciana, Glaucus, Anthias, Lumpfish, Sphyraena, the Needle-fish, and the Smith-fish. Smooth, as the Sea-Lark, and the Pholis.
  • III. Such as hant the shoar, and they scaly, not flat, as the Mullet, the Swallow, the Cockoo, the Kite, the Harp-fish, the Phagrus, the Red-fish, the Acar∣nan, Orphus, Dentex, Synagris, Chromis, Gold∣fish, Sargus, Sparus, Mormyrus, Cantharus, Salpa, Scorpion, Blennus, Combefish, the Merlan, Anchoves, Atherina; Sarda, Menow, Smaris, and Ox-Eye. Scaled and flat, the Sole, the Place, the Flounder. Smooth, not plain, Sand Eels, Dragon, Little Dragon, the Stargazer, the Roughtaile, the Makarel, the Lizard, the Saurus, the Crow and the Kite. Smooth and plain, the Sparrow and the Rhombus.
• II. Sea and River hanters, and they,
  • 1. Scaly, as the Salmon, the Pike, the Bream, the Alosa, Ziga of the River Albis, the Mullet, Goat fish, Sturgeon, and Galeus of Rhodes.
  • 2. Smooth, as the Huso, Sperlan, Lamprey, Eele and the Owl fish.
• III. Ri∣ver fish, and they are,
  • 1. The Scaly sort, the Trout, Thymallus, Shade, Barble, the Pollard, Dace, Gudgeon, Rough, Millerthumb, Pho∣xmu••, &c. Smooth, Attilus of the River Poe, Antacaeus of Poristhenes, Ishthyocolla, Glanis, P••ver-Wezel, the Dig-fish, Phoxinus and Salmon.
• IV. River and other fresh water fish, as the great Perch, the Scrollus, Pungitus of Albertus; Alburnus of Ausonius, Epelanus, Pike, Carp, Tench, &c.
• V. Pond∣fish, the Umbla, Carp, Pond-Trout, the Lava∣ret, of Geneva, the Saractus, &c.

III. Four footed Beasts, are,

• 1. Whol-Hooft as the Horse, the Ass, the Mule, Ele∣phant, Zebra & Unicorn.
• 2. Clovenfooted, as the Elk, al kind of Oxen, the Camel, Panther-like Camel, Goat, Hart, Gulligut, Rangifer, Rhinoceros, and Hog.
• III. Having divers toes, which are either such as bring forth Live-wights, as the Panther, Tigre, Bear, Wolf, River-Horse, Fox, Ax, Marmoset, Baboon, Badger, Castor, Otter, Pole-Cat, Weazel, Mars, Genesha, Hare, Conny, Squirrel, Dor∣mouse, Mouse, Mole, Hede-Hog, Ur∣chin, Cat and Dog: or, such as lay Eggs, whether the Egs be covered with a skin or a shel: as the Frog, Lizard, Eft, Salamander, the sported Neur, the Scincus, Cordilus, Cha∣melaeon, Ciocodile, and al kind Tortoises.

IV. Creeping things, or Serpents, both footless and footed, greater and lesser, as the Viper, Ammodits, Cerastes, Hemorrhoiis. Aspe, Dipsas, Scytale, Amphisbaena, Caecy∣lia, Cenchius, Acontias, Dryinus, Elope, the snake of Esculapius, Water-Serpent, Boa, Sea-Serpent, Sea-Scolopendra, the Dragon, Basilisk, Dragon of Sythius, the Flying Dra∣gon.

V. Bloodless wights, are distinguished in a five-fold manner.

• I. The Soft, as Polypus Sepia, Loligo, Sea-Hare.
• II. Crustieas, the Locust, Lobster, Squil, al kind of Crabs, and al crusty Shel-fish.
• III. Shelly, as Nauti∣lus, Purpura, Murex, Buccinum, Turbants, Tops al Oisters, Pearl-fish, Lobstars, al kind of Snails, Sea-Combs, Mituli, Tellinae, Pinna, Bissus, &c.
• IV. Plant-animals, of which see Authors.
• V. Insects, which are either 1. Land-Insects both footed, as the Bee, Wasp, Hornet, Butter-fly, al kinds of Flies, the Cricker, Grashopper, Beetle, Pismire, Louse, Flea, Spider, Sow, Wood-louse; and without feet, as a worm, a Snaile. II. Or Water-Insects, as the Horse-Leech, Hippo∣campe, Sea-star, &c.

The Parts of Animals which are used in Physick, are either such as are common to al Sorts, or proper to every one. Of both which we shal treat elsewhere.

Article. IV. Of Medicines taken from the Body of Man, or the little World.

Microcosmick medicaments, are Medicines which are taken from the body of Man, to cure the infirmities of Mans body.

These medicaments are taken our of a Live Man, or from a dead man. From a live man, we have Hairs, Nails, Spittle, Ear-wax, Milk, Seed, Blood, Menstrual Blood, Secondines, U∣rine, Dung, Lice, Wormes, Stones of Bladder & Kidneyes, &c. From a dead man, Skin, Fat, Scul, Bram, Teeth, Bones Mummy; of which see Daniel Beckerus in his Medicus Micro∣cosmus, and Hartman.

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sacra-dropsied, Dysenteric, Asthmatick, men∣struate or Rein-exulcerated persons.

• 2. In respect of the time, if they are not durnk when they are altered, if not in the winter Season, unless upon extraordinary occasion and al things suitable; if they are given to drink when their signs argue them to be at the best, if cheifly in the spring, morning and evening, if in their place of springing, or not far off.
• 3. In respect of the use of things foregoing, if the body be prepared with a Lenitive, blood-leting, opening of the passages, driving away hurt∣ful Humors.
• 4. In respect of the Ʋse of things circomstantial, if they be so drunk, as to rise by little and little to the highest dose, and to stop there a while, and so to descend by little and little to the lowest Dose; if the measure pre∣scribed be divided into parts, if good diet be observed &c.
• 5. In regard of things follow∣ing their use; if the Body be duly stirred. If diligent consideration be had, which way na∣ture inclines; that is to say, whether they are like to work by stool, Urin, or Transpiration, or by many waies at once; if being retained, they may be brought away by convenient Cly∣sters; if such Symptomes as usually occur, be provided against.

IV. How there are many acid Fountains, and medicinal springs in Europe, the chief of which are in Germany.

• 1. The Spaw-Wa∣ters, and they are four Wels in number, Ge∣ronster, Rouhont, Savinire, and Tunnelet.
• 2. Those of Greisbach at the Entrance of the Hercinian Forrest, which are seasoned with I∣ron, Vitriol, Christaline salt, Bitumen & Sul∣fur.
• 3. The Petrine Wel in Alsatia, a quarter of a mile distant from the former, & is qualified by some minerals.
• 4. Antegast Water, scituate at the Entrance of the Hircinian Wood, which is impregnated with Alum, Sulphure, and a little Vitriol.
• 5. Ribelsave-water, by the said Wood, in the County of Furstenberg, which has in it the spirituous subtilties of Iron, Nitre, vitriol, Chalcit is, Bitumen.
• 6. Gebresveil Water in the upper Alsatia, which is virtua∣red by Alom, Nitre, and Iron.
• 7. Schwal∣back-Water.
• 8. Egran Wel, in Bohemia.
• 9. Nideraven Spring near Rottenburg.
• 10. Denachen Wel in the Hercynian Forest.
• 11. The Federan Wel in Rhetia, which contains Alum and Coper, with a little Sulphur.
• 12. Wels of Trevire, which are three, one of which runs through a yellowish earth and Iron.

I shal pass over the rest in silence. At this pre∣sent while I am writing, many things, and they truly, miraculous, begin to be reported of the Wels of Horn-Hause, in lower Saxnny. Touching those acid waters see Sebize, Bac∣cius, and others whom ye shal find in Vande•• Linden de Scriptis Medicis.

Article. II. Of Bathes

Bathes are hot waters, which bubble per∣petually out of the Earth, are heated by the Subterranan fire, and having gained Vertue from divers Minerals, they cure Diseases, be∣ing fitly used.

I. They are hot either at their Head, or in their Chanels; either more or less.

II. They leap and bubble out of the Earth, because they have their Rise in an high Place, either in Mountains, or at the foot of a Moun∣tain, as experience shews. They bubble up perpe∣tually, for the most part, because the Earth is al∣waies moist, and the subterraneal Heat does alwaies carry up vapors to the Concavities of Mountains, which where they cannot exhale, they are condensed, compressed, and turn into drops of water. Yet bathes are found, which rise & fal with the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. Nor do they alwaies flow out at one place: be∣cause the sectet passages are either destroyed or stopped up.

III. The Heat of Bathes comes from the sub∣terraneal fire, which is kindled by an indiffe∣rent hot exhalation, thin and enflamed, getting among the Sulphur and Bitumen, by which it is fed. Either the waters run through those hot subterranean places, or in the way they are joined to the flames and Heat; or they run so long above or by the Channels, til they grow hot; or whiles the Earth grows hot by under∣ground fires, many vapors are from thence rai∣sed, which being at last, in some wide place tur∣ned to water, they do in one place or other seek an out-gate: or lastly, two or more metalline waters, being naturally cold to the touch, do in their converse grow hot through repugnancy of their Spirits; an example whereof we have in spirit of vitriol, and oyl, or salt of Tartar, also in Aquafortis and Tartar, in Butter of Anti∣mony and spirit of Nitre.

IV. Subterranean matters which virtuate the Bathes, are divers: partly minerals, part∣ly mettals; which may be gathered from the several Bathes. Now how that comes to pass, and how the Materials in them may be known, I shewed before.

V. The Diseases that are cured by them, are also various, the Colick, Mother-fits, Stone,

Barrenness, Headache, &c. Some of which they cure directly, others by accident.

VI. They are used to drinke, for which in∣tent, they are bad, which have some hurtful metalline property in them; also to bathe, Foment, in stoves, and by application of their clay: of al which see besides Fallopius, Horstius and Rulandus in Balnearium re∣stauratum.

VII. The principle Bathes in Italy are, the Bathes of Padua, out of which the most fa∣mous bathes of Ebanus comes, made of a mix∣ture of sulphur, Alum, Nitre, Salt, and Chalk; the Porritan Baths, forty miles from Bononia; the Lucan, the cheife of which is that which is termed de Corseno; Sante Ma∣riae in Bagno, Situate in Romandiola, A queae in the County of Pisa, Petriolae, in the Duke∣dome of Sena, ful of alum; Grotinae, in the Earldome of Viterbium, which consist of iron & brass; Perusinae, which participate of a little Sulphur and A••phaltum; Montis Catim, which are all salt, &c. In Germany are com∣mended the Plumbariae, in Lorraigne, so cal∣led from the plentiful admixture of Lead; Badenses in Switzerland, which consist of much sulfer and a little Alum; Ferinae in the Dutchy of Wittemberge; Cellenses, not far from the Martian wood; Amenses, situate neare Ro∣tenburge; Embsenses, in the borders of the Lake of Constance; the Carolinae in Bohemia; the Wisbadenses situate not far from Mentz beyond the Rhene; Gastainences in Bawaria, which by vehement Astriction, do facilitate Conception; Abudiacae above Reginoburgum, which smel like fried Eggs, &c. See of all Rulandus and Weckerus. Of the Fountain of Bollen, very useful both in drink and bath∣ing, Johannes Bauhinus has written.