Cambria triumphans, or, Brittain in its perfect lustre shevving the origen and antiquity of that illustrious nation, the succession of their kings and princes, from the first, to King Charles of happy memory, the description of the countrey, the history of the antient and moderne estate, the manner of the investure of the princes, with the coats of arms of the nobility / by Percie Enderbie, Gent.

THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE Antient and Modern Brittish and Welsh HISTORY.

The Princes of VVales of the blood Royal of England, collected for the most part, out of the Records of the Tower.

Edward of Caernarvon.

KIng Edward albeit he had brought all Wales under his subjection, and by a statute made at Ruthland, An. 12. Edw. I. incorporated and united the same to England; in the which Statute there be many good lawes concerning the division of Wales into Counties, and concerning divers Offices and Officers, and concerning Trial, and the divisions of actions, and the the formes of many writs, and the proceeding therein much like to the lawes of England; yet he could never win the good will of the common people of the Country to accept him for their prince, except he were of their own nation, for the Welshmen having experience of the government of the English Officers, and knowing that the King would rule the Country by his Deputies, could not abide to have any English man to be their Rulers, who often times upon the Kings motion, answered that they were con∣tent to take for their prince any man whom his Majesty would name, so that he were a Welshman, and no other answer could he ever get from them by any means; whereupon the King sent for Q. Elianor out of England in the deep of Winter, being then great with child, to the Castle of Caernarvon, and when she was nigh to be brought to bed, the King went to Ruthlan and sent for all the Barons, and best men in Wales to come unto him, to consult concerning the Weale publick of the Country. And when they were come, he deferred the consultation till he was certified that the Queen was delivered of a son, then sending certain Lords to the Christening of his child and informing them how he would have him named, he called the Welshmen together, declaring unto them, that whereas they were oftentimes suiters unto him to appoint them a Prince, he now having occasion to depart out of the Country, would name them a prince if they would allow and obey him, whom he should name. To the which motion they answered that they would so do, if he would appoint one of their own Nation to be their prince, whereunto the King replyed, that he would name one that was born in Wales, and could speak never a word of English, whose life and conversation no man was able to stain, and when they all had granted that such an one they would obey, he named his own son Edward born at Caernarvon Castle a few dayes before.

Then the King having the whole country at his will, gave whole Towns and Lordships in the midst of Wales unto English Lords, as the Lordship of Denbigh to Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, the Lordship of Ruthin to the Lord Reginald Grey, second son to J. Grey of Wilton, and other lands to many of his Nobility.

This Hen. Lacy Lord of Denbigh was the son of Edmund Lacy, the son of John Lacy Lord of Halton, Pomfret, and Constable of Chester; who married Margaret the Eldest Daughter, and one of the heirs of Robert Guincy Earl of Lincolne, the said Henry married Margaret the daughter and sole heir of William Longesped, Earl of Sarum, and had Issue Edmund and John, which both dyed young, of whom the one perished by a fall into a ve∣ry deep well, within the castle of Denbigh; and a daughter named Alicia married unto Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster, who was in the right of his said wise, Earl of Lin∣colne and Sarum, Earl of Denbigh, Halton, Pomfret, and constable of Chester, After the death of the said Thomas, King Edward the second gave the Lordship of Denbigh to Hugh Lord Spencer Earl of Winchester. After whose death the said Lordship was given by King Edward the third, Anno regni sui primo, as it appeareth on record, to Roger Mortimer Earl of March, with divers other Lordships in the Marches, in performance of the Kings pro∣mise while he remained in France with his mother, for the provision of 1000 l. lands of a reasonable extent for the said Roger, as soon as by Gods grace he should come to the pos∣session of the crown and Kingdom of England, which in few years after, the Earl of March being attainted, the said Lordship of Denbigh was given by the said King to the Lord Mortague Earl of Sarum, but shortly after Anno 29. Edward 3. it was restored again with the Earldom of March to the Mortimers, in the which family the same remained untill the whole inheritance of the Mortimers came with a Daughter to the house of York, and so to the crown:* 1.1 and it was given by Queen Elizabeth, Anno regni 610. to Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, who was created Baron of Denbigh; it is accounted one of the greatest and best Lordships of England. This Town is well seated on the banks of the River I∣strad, which from thence runneth into the Cluyd, the fairest River of this Country; a Town well peopled, and inhabited, especially since it became the head of the Country, which was not till the 27. of Hen. 8. what time the 5. new shires were added to the rest of Wales, of which this was one: but before that it was the head Town of the Barony of Denbigh, being conceived to be one of the goodliest Territories of all England, as having more Gentlemen holding thereof in Fee and by service then any other Lords, it hath had good store, and of several families, but none of them a Parliamentary Peer, (in reverence here∣unto) till these later times; of late it hath given title both to Lord and Earl of two several families. Viz. to these.

• [year 1564] 1. Robert Dudley created Baron of Denbigh, and Earl of Leicester. Eliz. 6. Sept. 29. 1622.
• Or, a lyon rampant quene fourche vert, incensed Cules a cressent for difference.
• William Viscount Fielding created Earl of Denbigh 20. Jac. Sept. 14. Master of the Wardrobe, &c.
• Arg. Or a Fess. B. 3. Fusils or Lozenges Or.

The Lordship of Ruthin continued in the possession of the Greyes, untill the Reign of Hen. 7. George Grey Earl of Kent, and Lord of Ruthin passed the same upon some bar∣gain to the King.

There came at the same time with King Edward divers Gentlemen, who grew after∣wards to be men of great possessions in the County, many of whose posterity continue to this day.

Rees ap Meredyth served the King in all these wars, who did most hurt of all men, and was in good hope of great preferment at the Kings hand, whom after the overthrow of the Prince, the King made Knight, and fed with many fair and good words. After that he and all other his Countrymen and Neighbours had submitted themselves to the Go∣vernment of the King of England, it hapned that the Lord Pain Tiptoft, Warden of the Kings castles nigh unto Rees his Country, and the Lord Allen Plucknet the Kings Stew∣ard in Wales called the said Rees, as they did all other of the Country to the Kings Court, whether he refused to come, alledging his ancient priviledges and liberties: with the Kings promises; but the said Officers proceeded according to the law against him, whereupon a great variance arose between the said Pain Tiptoft and the said Sir Rees ap Meredyth, so that sundry Skermishes were fought betwixt them, and men slain on both sides, to the great disturbance of the Country. The King hearing of these things, being then beyond Sea, wrote unto Rees Meredyth, requiring him to keep the peace till his re∣turn. At what time he promised to reform all things in due and reasonable order, but Rees would not give over the enterprise which he had begun: Whereupon the King sent to the Earl of Cornwall, whom he had left his Lieutenant in the Realm during his absence, to send an army of Men into Wales to withstand the disordered attempts of the said Rees, who went into Wales himself, and overthrew Rees his Castle at Drofolan; but by undermining the walls of that Castle, with the fall thereof the Baron Stafford, and the Lord William de Monchency, with many other Knights and Esquires, were oppressed and brused to death. Afterwards Robert Typtoft Lord Deputy of Wales gathered an army, and meeting the said

Rees after the slaughter of 4000. of his people discomfited and took him, who about Michaelmas following, at the Kings going into Scotland, was had to York, and there con∣demned and executed.

Not long after the King wanting money, there was a great subsidy granted towards the maintainance of the war in France, about levying of which there was much a do in several places; but especially the Welshmen, who were never wont to be acquainted with such contribution, stormed against it, so that they took one of their own Captains na∣med Roger de Puelesdon, who at the Kings command gathered the said subsidy, and hanged him with divers others; and afterwards beheaded the said Roger. Whereupon the King being sore offended for the death of the said Roger, whom he greatly favoured, and hearing that the VVelshmen began to stir against him in divers places; for the VVest∣wales Men had chosen Maelgon Vachan for their Captain, and destroyed all Caerdigan and Pembrock, and returned with spoiles. They of Glamorgan and the Southparts took one named Morgan for their leader, and driving the Earl of Glocester out of the Country, they restored to the said Morgan again the possessions which the Ancestors of the said Earl by force and great wrong had taken from the said Morgans Predecessours. The Northwales men had set upon Madoc, being of the kindred of the last Lhewelyn, who gathering a great power, came to Caernarvon, and slew a great number of Englishmen, which were come thither to the Fair, and spoiled the whole Town; then I say the King called back his bro∣ther Edmund Earl of Lancaster, and Henry Lacy Earl of Lincolne, and John Lord Den∣bigh, who had an army ready to pass into Gascoyne.* 1.2 These Earls came towards North∣wales, and as they approached neer unto the castle of Denbigh upon St. Martins day, the VVelshmen with great force encountered them, and giving them battail, drove them back and discomfited their people.

Upon this ungratefull newes the King himself came into VVales and there kept his Christmas at Aberconwey, where Robert VVinchesey Archbishop of Canterbury came unto him and did him homage, and then returned home; the King as he passed further into the country, lost much of his carriages, which the Welshmen took, being loaden with victu∣alls and provision for the army, so that the King and his people endured great penury, and were constrained to drink water mixt with hony, and eat very gross and course meat, where he was very like to have been distressed, had not the other part of his army come to him in time.

While the King remained in Snowdon, the Earl of Warwick hearing that a great num∣ber of Welshmen were assembled together, and lodged in a vally betwixt two woods, chose out a company of horsemen with certain cross-bowes and archers, and coming upon the Welshmen in the night, compassed them round about, who pitching the ends of their spears, and turning the points against their Enemies, stood at defence so to keep off the horsemen. But the Earl having placed his battail so that betwixt every two horsemen there stood a crossbow, a great part of the Welshmen, who stood at defence in manner afore∣said with their spears were overthrown and broken with the shot of the quarrells, and then the Earl charged the residue with a troop of horsemen, and bare them down with such slaughter, as they had not sustained the like losse of people (as was thought) at any time before.

After this the King builded a strong Castle within the Isle of Anglesey, and called the same Beaumarish, and so setting all in quietness, and punishing such as had put to death Roger de Puelesdon, he returned home with his army;* 1.3 but Madoc within a while after levying an army, came to Oswestred where the people yielded unto him, and meeting with the Lord Strange with a company of Marchers not far from Knooking, o∣verthrew him, and spoiled his Country miserably, and shortly after he gave the Marchers another overthrow. But for all that the Lords Marchers nothing dismayd, at this mischance, gathered new forces, and met Madoc as he was coming towards Shrewsbury up∣on the hills of Cefn Digolh, not far from Caurus Castle, where after a long fight Ma∣doc was taken, and his men discomfited and put to flight. Then he was sent to the Tower of London, there to remain in perpetuall prison. Some there be who affirm that Madoc was not taken but rather after many adventures and sundry conflicts, when the VVelshmen were brought into great extremity, the said Madoc came in and submitted himself to the Kings peace, and was received upon condition that he should pursue Morgan till he had taken him and brought him to the Kings prison, which was done, and so all things were quieted, and many hostages of the chiefest Nobility of Wales were delivered to the King, who sent them to divers Castles of England, where they were safely kept almost to the end of the wars which followed in Scotland.

In the 29^th. year of K. Edw. 1. Edw. Prince of Wales came to Chester where he re∣ceived the homage of the Free-holders of Wales; as

• Henry Earl of Lancaster did homage and fealty for Monmoth.
• Regynald Grey for Ruthyn.
• Fulk Fitz Waren for his lands in Wales.
• The Lord William Martin for his lands in Cemais.

• Roger Mortimer, for his lands in Wales.
• Henry Lacy Earl of Lincolne, for the land of Ros and Ryveneoc in Wales.
• Robert Lord Montalt, for his land in Wales.
• Gruffith Lord of Poole, for the Lordship of Powis.
• Sr. Gruffith Lhoyd Knight.
• Tuder ap Grono of Anglesey.
• Madoc ap Tuder Archdeacon of Angelsey.
• Eneon ap Howel of Caernarvon.
• ...Tuder ap Gruffith.
• ...Lhewelyn ap Edninet.
• Gruffith Ʋachan, the Son of Gruffith ap Jorwerth,
• ...Madoc Vachan d'Englefield.
• Lhewelyn Bishop of St. Asaph.
• Mr. Richard de Pnelesdon, this man (as appeareth by the Records in the Tower) was made Sheriff of Caernarvonshire, during his life, with the stipend of 40 l. staring, yearly Anno. 12. Ed. 1.
• ...Gruffith ap Tuder.
• ...Ithel Vachan.
• ...Ithel ah Blethyn &c.
• The Lord Richard Sutton Baron of Malpas, did homage and fealty to Edward Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester for the said Barony of Malpas apud Ruthlan. 27. die Aprilis Anno supradicto.
• Aniamis or Eneon Bishop of Bangor, and David Abbot of Maynan did homage and fe∣alty to the said Edward Prince of Wales apud Conwey 28. April. An. sup. dict.
• Lewis de Felton the son of Richard de Felton did homage and fealty to Prince Edward for the Lands which the said Richard held of the Prince in Maelor Saesneg.
• John Earl Warren did homage and fealty to Edward Prince of Wales in the Chap∣pel of the Lord John de Kerby, sometime Bishop of Ely at London. 25. die Julii. Anno. 30. Ed. 1. for the Lordships of Bromfield and Yale.
• The same John Earl Warren swore fealty unto the said Ed. P. of Wales for the lands in Hopedale.
• The Lord Edmund Mortimer, the 6^th. day of November an. 30. Ed. 1. in the house of the Bi∣shop of Ely at London, did homage and fealty to Edward P. of Wales before his Councel for his lands in Cery and Cydewen.

About the year 1322. one Sr. Gruffith Lhoyd Knight, gathered a great number of Welsh∣men, and took divers Castles in Wales which were kept by the people of the Lord Mor∣timer the Elder, he took also the Castles of Mould, Chirk, &c. The keepers whereof coming to P. Edward at Shrewsbury who then was King of England, submitted themselves to him, and were shortly after sent to the Tower of London.

[year 1822] This Edward of Carnarvon, was known by the name of Edward the second King of Eng∣land, living in a turbulent time between him and his Barons, was after deposed for his ill Government,and came to a violent death in the Castle of Berkeley; nevertheless in his life time he created his son P. of Wales.* 1.4

Edward of Windsor.

The same year being the 15. of K. Ed. the second Edward de Windesore the Kings El∣dest Son, was in a Parliament holden at York, created Prince of Wales, and Duke of Aqui∣tane.

Edward of Woodstock surnamed the Black Prince.

* 1.5Edward born at Woodstock, Son and Heir to King Edward, was created Prince of Wales 12. of May, anno. 17. Ed. patris, when he was fourteen years of age, who in time grew to be the flower of Chivalry of all Europe; he took John the French King prisoner at the battail of Poyteirs, and dyed, his Father yet living, the eighth of July in the 46. year of his age, and the 50. of his Fathers Reign, a Prince of such excellent demeanour, so va∣liant wise and politick in his actions, that the very and perfect representation of Knight∣hood appeared most lively in his person; for such was his towardness, or rather perfecti∣on in Princely Government, that if he had lived and attained the crown, every man Judged that he would surely have exceeded all his predecessors.* 1.6

Edward the third (saith Judge Dodrige) at a Parliament holden at Westminster 15. regni. created Edward his eldest Son,* 1.7 (surnamed the black Prince) Prince of Wales, being then of tender years, and invested him in the said principality with these ensignes of ho∣nour, as in the Charter is contained, Per sertum in Capite, & anulum in digito aureum & virgam argenteam juxta morem, by a Chaplet of gold made in manner of a garland, for so the

word sertum importeth, by a gold ring set on his finger, and by a Verge, rod and Scepter of silver, howbeit in the investure of succeeding Princes, this Rod or Scepter, (as ap∣peareth by the Charters of their several Creations) was changed into a Verge of gold.

The said King for the better maintainance of the said Prince his Son in honourable sup∣port according to such his State and dignity, gave unto him by his Charter, Dated 12. of May in the 17. year of his Reign of England, and in the 4. year of his reign of France, and inrolled in the Exchequer in the Term of St. Hillary, in the 18. year. of the said King Ed∣ward the Third, the said principality and the mannors, Lordships Castles and land en∣suing to appertain to the said principality. Viz.

All his lands and Lordships, in Northwales, Westwales, and Southwales.

• 1. The Lordship, Castle, Town and County of Caernarvon.
• 2. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Convey.
• 3. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Crucketh.
• 4. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Beaumarish.
• 5. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Hardlagh.
• 6. The Lordship, Castle, and Townes, and Counties, of Anglesey and Merioneth.
• 7. The Lordship, Castle, and Town and County of Caermaden.
• 8. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Lampader vawr.
• 9. The Lordship, and Stewardship of Canter mawr.
• 10. The Lordship, Castle, Town and County of Cardigan.
• 11. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Emelyn.
• 12. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Buelht.
• 13. The Lordship, Castle and Town of H••verford.
• 14. The Lordship, Castle and Town of Montgomery,.

And all the lands that were of Rees ap Meredyth,* 1.8 which came to the hands of King Ed∣ward the First, together with all the Lordships, Cities, Castles, Burrowes, Townes Manours, Members, Hamlets, and Tenements, Knights fees, Voydances of Bishopricks, Advowsons of Churches and of Abbeys, Priories, and of Hospitals, with customes and prisages of wines. The exercise and Execution of Justice, and a Chancery; Forrests, Chases, Parks, Woods, Warrens, Hundreds, Como••s, &c. And all other Hereditaments, as well unto the said principality, as unto the said King, in those parts then belong∣ing,

To have and to hold the same unto the sad Prince and his heirs Kings of England.

This limitation of Estate of this principality unto the prince and his heirs Kings of England, may seem strange to our Modern Lawyers. For how is it possible that the Kings of England can inherit the principality, since the principality being the lesser dignity is extinguished in the Kingly Estate, being the greater; for in presentia majoris cessat id quod minus est, for as much as the Heir apparent of the crown (being Prince) is presently upon the death of his Ancestor eo instante King himself, and the principality as the lesser not compatible with the Kingdom, being the greater.

But when I consider that this age where in this Charter was penned, was a learned age of Judges and Lawyers (by whose advice no doubt in a matter of this importance this Char∣ter was penned) and this age much commended for exquisite knowledg of the lawes, by those learned Men that lived in the succeeding times, I cannot but think reverently of an∣tiquity, although I cannot yield sufficient reason of their doings therein. Nevertheless for as much as all the Charters in the ages following made to the Prince, do hold the same manner of limitation of Estate,* 1.9 I am perswaded some mystery of good policy lies hid therein, which as I conceive may be this, or such like. The Kings of England thought to confer upon the Prince and heir apparent, an Estate in Fee simple in the lands that they bestowed upon him; for a lesser than an Inheritance had not been answerable to so great a dignity. And yet they were not willing to give him any larger Estate then such as should extinguish again in the Crown when he came to be King or died, for that he be∣ing King should also have the like power to create the Prince or his heir apparent, and to invest him into that dignity, as he, being the Father, was invested by his Progenitor. For the wisdom of the Kings of England was such, as that they would not deprive themselves of that honour, but that every of them might make new Creations and Investitures of the principality to ther Eldest Son, and next succeeding heir apparent, and that those lands so given unto the Prince, might when he was King be annexed, knit and united again to the crown, and out of the crown to be anew conferred, which could not so have been if those lands had been given to the Prince and his heirs generall, for then the lands so given would have rested in the natural person of the Princes after they came to the King∣dome distinct from the Crown, Lands; and might as the case should happen, descend to others then those which were his heirs apparent to the Crown. And herein I do observe a difference between the principality of Wales given to the Prince, and the Dutchy of Corne∣wall

given unto him. For every Prince needeth, and so hath had a new creation and in∣vestiture. But he is Duke of Cornewal as soon as he is born, if his Ancestor be then King of England; and if not, he is Duke of Cornwall eo instante that his father is King of En∣gland.

The said King also by an another charter, dated the 20 of September in the said 17. year of his reign, granted unto the said prince all arrerages of rents, duties, accompts; Stocks, stores, goods and chattels remaining in all and every the said parts due, or by right belong∣ing unto the King, and thereupon the prince accordingly was possessed by vertue of these charters of all these aforesaid.

It resteth that here we set down the Total Annual value of the said Principality of Wales by it self, as it appeareth upon a diligent Survey thereof taken in the 5. year of the reign of the said King Edw. the III. of England, and in the 37. of his reign over France.

The survey of the principality of Wales is drawn out of a long Record, and to avoid te∣diousness, the value of the revenues of every County or Shire, is here set down, and then the total of the whole, omitting the particulars of every Mannour, Lordship, Town or other profit in every of the said Counties: The setting down whereof at large would have been exceeding combersome and intricate.

It is therefore in this manner.

The Province of Northwales.

The summe total of all the Princes Revenues in the County or Shire of Caernarvon. 1134^l 16 s 2 ^d ob. q.

The summe total of the Revenues of the province in the County of Anglesey. 832 ^l 14 s 6 ^d ob. q.

The sum total of the revenues in the county of Meryoneth amounteth unto 748 ^l 11 s 3 ^d. ob. q

The perquisites and profits of the Sessions of the Justices of Northwales.

The summe Total of all the former Revenues in Northwales, amounteth to 3041 ^l 7 s 6 ^d. q.

Whereof deducted the yearly Fee of the Justice of Northwales, and there remains the summe of 3001 ^l 7 s 6 ^d. q.

The Province of Southwales.

The summe totall of the yearly Revenue of the prince in the county of Caerdigan. 374 ^l 11 s 3 ^d. q.

The summe total of the yearly Revenue of the prince arising in the County of Caer∣mardhyn. 406 ^l 1 s 7 ^d.

The Fee Farme of Buelht. 113 ^l 6 s 8 ^d.

Montgomery. 56 ^l 13 s 4 ^d.

Perquisites and profits of the Sessions of the Justice of Southwales. 738 ^l 6 s 9 ^d. ob.

Perquisites of the Courts of Haverford. 41 ^l. 5 s. 3 ^d. ob.

The summe total of the Revenues in Southwales. 1730 ^l 4 s 11 ^d q.

Out of which deducted for the Fee of the Justice of Southwales 50 ^l. there then remaineth 1681 ^l 4s 11 ^d q.

The total of all which Revenues of the Principality of VVales, cast up in one entire summe together, is 4681 ^l 12 s 5 ^d q.

This survey was made upon this occasion as it seemeth; after the death of the prince called the black Prince, the Princesse his wife was to have her dowry to be allotted unto her, out of those Revenues; which could not be without an extent or survey thereof first had by Commissioners thereunto appointed. And because the yearly value of the said re∣venues, by reason of the casual profits thereof, were more or lesse yearly, and not of one certain value, the Commissioners observed this course; they did make choice of three seve∣ral years, viz. 47, and 48, and 49. of Edw. III. and did take out of the several profits of those years, and did cast them all into one summe, which they again divided into three se∣veral parts equally esteeming one of the said three parts to be the just yearly value of the said Revenues Communibus annis, that is, one year, with an other. And in this account, we find no other charges allowed then the Justics Fees only.

This survay and account made about 200 years past, is here inserted, to the end it might appear, what the Revenues of this Principality alone was.

The said prince of VVales, surnamed the Black prince;* 1.10 after many fortunate victories atchieved by him, having subdued a great part of France, and having taken John the French King prisoner at Poyteers in France; and after that also having vanquished Henry at Naveroit in Spain, and restored Peter King of Aragon, dyed, in June;* 1.11 leaving behind him Richard his Son and Heir, born at Burdeux, and thereof sirnamed Richard of Burdeux.

Richard of Burdeux.

Richard son of Edward Prince of VVales, was after the death of his father created prince of VVales at Havering at Bower the 20. day of November, in the 50. year of King Edw. III. his Grandfather, he was after the death of his said Grandfather K. of England, by the name of K. Rich. II.

This Richard (saith Judge Dodridge) sirnamed of Burdeux, son and heir of Edward the black prince, was created prince of VVales (ut supra) being about the age of XI. years, and upon Christmas day next following the said King Edward the third caused the said prince (being his Nephew or Grandchild) to sit at the table in high estate, above all his Uncles being the Kings sons, as representing the personage of the heir apparent to the Crown, and gave to him the two parts of all the said principality, Counties, Lordships, Castles, and the most of the said Lands, which belonged to the said black prince, and the reversion of the third part thereof; the possession of the third part there of then being to the mother of the said Rich. to her dowry with an 113 l. 6 s. 8 d. yearly rent, payable by the Earle of March, as a Fee Farm for the Lordship and Lands of Buelht; and 85. marks for the fee farm of the Castle, Lordship and Land of Montgomery, with the vacations of Bishopricks, excepting the Fees of the Baron Marchers of VVales, who do alwaies hold of the Crown in Capite; and excepting the avoydance of the Bishoprick of St. Davids in VVales, which anciently also belonged to the Crown, with the like limitation to the estate viz. To the said Richard and his heirs Kings of England.

It seemeth that these Lordships of Buelht and Montgomery, being formerly granted to Edw. the black prince, were before this time given away in Fee Farm. After the death of the said K. Edw. III. which was in the 51 year of his reign, the Kingdom of England descended to the said Richard being his grandchild, and he was crowned King thereof, by the name of Richard the second, and in the 23 year of his reign he resigned his Kingdom, or to speak more truly, was deposed against his will, and after by a violent death, departed this life without issue.

Henry of Monmoth.

Henry of Bullingbrock, a Town or Castle in Lincolneshire, and heretofore belonging to the Lacies Earles of Lincolne; and by the marriage with Alice daughter and heir of Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne to Thomas Earle of Lancaster, this with the residue of the lands of Lincolne, became united and incorporated with those of Lancaster. It hath been almost ever since this time one of the honours (as we call them) of the Crown of England, but never made any honorary title unto any family untill King James conferred it on Sr. Oliver Saint John, who possibly might affect to be thence denominated, as fetching his descent from the Lady Mar∣garet Beauchamp, Grandmother to King Henry the seventh, the heirs of the Lancastrian fa∣mily, by which descent likewise, as well as otherwayes he is descended of the Welsh blood and beareth for his armes, Argent on a chief gules, two mullets Or: but to our former matter; this Henry of Bullingbrock, by the name of Henry IV. who was formerly Duke of Lancaster and Hereford, Earle of Derbie, Leicester, and Lincolne, son and heir of John of Gaunt the fourth son to K. Edward the third, by his Charter dated at Westminster 15. Octob. in the first year of his reign, created Henry his eldest son prince of Wales, and invested him in the said princely Ornaments, viz. the chaplet, gold ring, verge or rod of gold, To have and to hold unto him and his heirs Kings of England. And by another Charter of the same date gave to him and his heirs Kings of England the said principality, with the Lordships,* 1.12 Castles and Lands before mentioned in the Charter made to the black prince, together with four Comots in the county of Caernarvon, viz. the comots of Ifaph, Ʋghaph, Nantconwey and Crewthin, not named before, and the reversion of the Lordship of Haverford, with the prices of Wines there, and of the Lordships of Newin and Pughby in Northwales; which Thomas Percy then Earle of Worcester held for term of life of the demise of King Richard the Second, together also with the reversion of the county and lordship of Anglesey in Northwales, and the castle of Beaumarish, and the comots, lands, tenements and hereditaments belonging thereunto, which Henry Percy son of the Earle of Northumberland then held for terme of his

life, of the demise of the said K. Hen. IV. and by an act of Parliament made in the first year of K. H. IV. whereby the Dutchy of Lancaster is severed from the Crown of Engl. the stile of the said P. is declared to be this, P. of Wales, D. of Aquitane, of Lancaster & of Cornwal, & E. of Chester, for the said K. H. IV. having been himself D. of Lancaster before his assumption to the Crown, and knowing that the name of Duke, being an inferiour dignity, would extinguish and be surrounded in the crown as in the superior, desired (as by that Act of Parliament ap∣peareth) not only to separate the said Dutchy of Lancaster, and the lands thereof from the Crown, to the intent he might still hold the said Dutchy as his antient patrimony, if he were put from the Crown, it being but his new acquired dignity, but also to preserve the said stile,* 1.13 title, and name of Duke of Lancaster in his posterity, which as the said act af∣firmeth his ancestours had so worthily borne and sustained.

In the time of K. Rich. II. there was one Owen ap Gruffith Vachan, descended of a younger son of Gruffith ap Madoc Lord of Bromfield. This Owen was first a Student at the Lawes of the Realme, and became an utter Barrister, or an apprentise of the law (as they term it) and served King Richard in great credit and favour; between whom and the Lord Grey of Ru∣thin happen some discord about a piece of Commons lying between the Lordship of Ruthin and the Lordship of Glyndourdwy, whereof Owen was owner, and thereof took the sirname of Glindour; during the reign of K. Richard, Owen was too hard for the Lord Grey, being then a servitour in court with K. Rich. (with whom he was at the time of his taking in the ca∣stle of Flint by the Duke of Lancaster) but after that K. Richard was put down, the Lord Grey being now better friended then Owen, entred upon the said Commons, whereupon O∣wen having many friends and followers in his country, (as those that be great with princes commonly have) put himself in armour against the Lord Grey, whom he meeting in the field overcame and took prisoner.* 1.14 This was the very beginning and cause Owens rising, and at∣tempts: upon the taking of the Lord Grey, and spoyling of his Lordship of Ruthin, many re∣sorted to Owen from all parts of Wales, some thinking that he was now as well in favour as in K. Richards time, some other putting in his head, that now the time was come wherein the Brittains through his means might recover again the honour and liberty of their an∣cestours.* 1.15 These things being laid before Owen, by such as were very cunning in Merlins prophesies; and the interpretations of the same (for there were in those dayes, as I fear there be now, some singular men which are deeply overseen in those mysteries, and hope one day to mete velvet upon London bridge with their bowes) brought him into such a fools paradice, that he never considering what title he might pretend, or what right he had, proceeded and made war upon the Earle of March, who was the the right Inheritor, as well to the principality of Wales, as appeareth formerly, as to the Crown of England after the death of K. Rich. being descended from the elder brother, next to Edw. Prince of Wales fa∣ther of K. Rich. of which insurrection & rebellion, there ensued much mischief unto the Welsh∣men, for the King conceiving great hatred against them, shewed himself a manifest opressour of all that nation, making rigorous lawes against them, whereby he took in a manner all the li∣berties of subjects from them;* 1.16 probibiting all Welshmen from purchasing lands, or to be chosen, or received Citizens or Burgesses in any City, Burrough, or market towns, or to be recei∣ed or accepted to any office of Maior, Bailiffe, Chamberlain, Constable, or Keeper of the gates, or of the goale, or to be of the Councel of any City, Burrough or Town, or to bear any man∣ner of armour within any City, &c. And if any suit happened between a Welshman & an En∣glishman, it was by law ordained that the Englishman should not be convict, unlesse it were by the judgment of English Judges, and by the verdict of the whole English Burgesses, or by In∣quests of English Burroughs, and Towns of the signiories, where the suit lay; also that all En∣glishmen that married Welshwomen should be disfranchized of their liberty, no congregation or meetings in councel was permitted to Welshmen, but by licence of the chief Officers of the said signiory, and in the presence of the same Officers. That no victualls nor armour should be brought into Wales without the special licence of the King or his Councel. That no Welshman should have any Castle, Fortresse or house defensive of his own or of any other mans to keep; no Welshman to be made Justice, Chamberlain, Chancellour, Treasurer Sheriff, Steward, Constable of Castle, Receiver, Eschetor, Coronor, nor chief Forrester, nor other Officer, nor Keeper of Records, nor Lieutenant in any of the said Offices, in no part of Wales, nor of the councel of any English Lord, notwithstanding any patent or li∣cence made to the contrary. That no Englishman which in the time to come shall marry any Welshwoman, be put in any Office in VVales, or in the Marches of the same.

These with other lawes, both unreasonable and unconcionable (such as no prince among the Heathen ever offered to his subjects) were ordained and severely executed against them. Nei∣ther was it any reason that for the offence of one man & his complices, all the whole nation should be so persecuted, whereby not only they that lived in that time, but also their children and posterity should be brought to perpetual thraldom and misery;* 1.17 for these lawes were not ordained for their Reformation, but of meer purpose to work their utter ruine and de∣struction, which doth evidently appear in that they were forbidden to keep their children at learning, or to put them to be apprentises to any occupation, in any Town or Burrough in this realme. Let any indifferent man therefore judge and consider, whether this extre∣mity of law, where Justice it self is meer injury and cruelty, be not a cause and matter suf∣ficient to withdraw any people from civility to barbarisme.

〈…〉〈…〉

This Hen. dyed in the 10^th. year of his reign leaving a son behind him, being an infant of ten moneths, who by reason of his tender age, was not (as by any word extent can be proved) ever created prince, but was proclaimed King immediately, after the death of his father, by the name of Henry the Sixt.

Edward of Westminster.

Henry the sixt by the advice of his Lords Spiritual and Temporal, given to him in his Parliament holden in the 31 year of his reign, did afterwards by his charter bearing date 15 day of March 32. Regni, created Edward his son, born at Westminster by one and the self same patent to be both prince of Wales and Earle of Chester, and invested him therein,* 1.18 with the usual Ensignes of that dignity, as had been in former time accustomed, TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said dignities to him and his heirs Kings of England;* 1.19 which Charter is recited in the Act of Parliament, holden at Westminster. 9. Julii anno 33. regni.

In the which Act of Parliament is also recited another Charter, likewise confirmed by the said Parliament; whereby the said King, did give unto the said Prince, the said prin∣cipality of Wales together with all the Lordships and lands, Castles, and Tenements, by speci∣all names above mentioned, and all in the former Charters granted and conveied to the former Princes, and the said Fee Farms and Rents of 113 l. 13 s. ob. out of the Lordship and Town of Buelht, and the said 56l. 13s. 4d. out of the Lordship, Castle and Town of Montgomery likewise mentioned in the Charters of the former Prince To have and to hold to him and his heirs Kings of England.

By the same Act of Parliament also, it was enacted (because the said prince was then of tender years) and there was assigned unto him a certain number of Servants, to attend him according to his estate and dignity, which should be at diet in the Kings house, untill the said prince should accomplish the age of 14 years, and that the King should have all such summes of money as should clearly remain unto the prince due of all manner of Issues and Revenues, which the Prince then had in respect of his said Principality, Dutchy, and Earle∣dom, untill the said age of 14. years, The said Revenues to be accounted for to the King in his exchequer, reserving unto the said Prince, untill he should come to be of the age of eight years, 1000 l. yearly, and from that age till he came at fourteen,* 1.20 2000 marks yearly for his Wardrobes, Wages of Servants, and other necessary expences. But saving alwaies unto the King the Advousons of Bishopricks and spiritual livings, and the gifts of all Offices, Wards, Reliefs and Escheats belonging to the said Prince, untill he should ac∣complish the said age of fourteen years, saving such estate in certain of the said lands as the Queen had to her before the said time assured, untill the Prince should be of the said age of fourteen years; and saving certain particular summes of money in the said Act of Parli∣ament mentioned, as were formerly appointed out of the said lands, as well for expence of the Kings of England for their houshould as otherwise, during such particular times as are therein declared; provided that all Offices formerly granted by the King, and needing actual exercise, and the Fees to the same should not be prejudiced by the same Act.

Afterwards by another Charter,* 1.21 the said King doth release unto the said Prince all the said Grant, of the said yearly summes of money, issuing out of the revenues aforesaid, and all things by the said Act granted and appointed unto the said King yearly 527 marks 4 s. 7 d. ob. and out of the said Dutchy, untill the said prince should be of eight years of age, then reserving out of the said Principality and Earldom yearly unto the King 277 marks 4 s. 7 d. ob. and out of the said Dutchy yearly 517 marks 11 s. 7. ob. untill the said age of 14. years of the Prince for the said Dutchy, and to be employed towards the charges of the Kings houshould, and not otherwise.

And the said King by his letters Patents, dated 18 of January anno regni 35. during the minority of the said Prince, ordained the then Archbishop of York,* 1.22 the bishops of Winche∣ster, Hereford, Lichfield and Coventry, and the Lord Keeper of the privy Seal, the Earles of Shrewsbury, Stafford and Wilts, the then Viscount Beamont, and also John Sutton, and Thomas Stanley Knights, to be of the privy Counsel to the said Prince, enjoyning all Offi∣cers and Ministers of the Prince, that they and every of them should be obedient to the ex∣ecution of all commandements and warrants of the said Councellours, or at least four of them together, with the assent and consent of the Queen, in all causes and matters con∣cerning the titles rights, possessions and Interests of the said Prince: and that the said com∣mandements and warrants should be as available, in that behalf, as if the said had been made or done by the said Prince himself, being of full age, which commandement in all leases of the said Princes inheritance was pursued accordingly.

In the 39. year of the said K. Henry VI. reign he being of the house of Lancaster (such is the mutability, and so unstable are all humane things) that the said King being a man (devout and religious) the founder of Schooles and Colledges, vertuous, and a lover of peace, was by the violence of the heirs of the house of York, put from his Kingdom and secured in prison, and Edward Earle of March, son and heir to Richard Duke of York reign∣ed in his stead by the name of Edw. IV.

But yet behold the hand of God, for in the tenth year of the said King Edward IV. upon

a discontentment conceived against him by Richard Earle of Warwick, a man more popular and potent then was fit for a Subject; the said Richard with a collected power so pressed the King, that he was driven to fly the realme, and to seek forraign aid, seeing his homebred subjects proved so unfaithful.

* 1.23Then King Henry VI. after 10 years imprisonment, readepted the Kingdom, and in the said tenth year of King Edward IV. wrote the 49 year of his reign, having endured 10 years intermission in the computation of his time, as appeareth in the books of law of that age, but being thus seated he was unsetled, & after much effusion of blood (for in a civil war there is no true victory, in as much as he that prevaileth is a loser) K. H. 6, was compelled again to give place to his adversary, & after to make that part sure was deprived of life, having lost also Edw. his son P. before spoken of, the hope of all his posterity, in the battail at Tukesbury.

Edward of Westminster.

Edward IV. having gotten the Crown which had been thus shaken from his head, did by his Charter dated the 26 of June, 11 regni, created Edward of Westminster his son and heir appa∣rant P. of Wales and E. of Chester,* 1.24 and by another like Charter of the same year gave unto him the lands and revenues of the said principality, to have and to hold to him and his heirs Kings of Engl. This Ed. the P. being of tender years was born in the Sanctuary, whether the Queen his mother was fled for security, and during the time that the King her husband had avoided the realm.

Afterwards the said King by his letters patents dated the 8. of July in the said 11 year of his reign, ordained his Queen, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, George Duke of Clarence, Richard Duke of Glocester, brothers to the said King, the then Bishop of Bath and Wells and Durham,* 1.25 Anthony Earle Rivers, the then Abbot of Westmonastery Chancelour to the Prince Will. Hastings Knight, Lord Chamberlain to the King, Rich. Fines, Lord Dacres Steward of the said Prince, John Fogg, John Scot Knight, Thomas Vaughan Chamberlain to the Prince, J. Alcock and Rich. Farler to be of Councel to the said Prince, giving unto them and every 4 of them thereby, with the advice and expresse consent of the Queen, large power to advise and councel the said Prince, and to order and dispose the lands, revenues and possessions of the said Prince and the nomination of officers to him belonging, when they should happen to become void, or that the parties were insufficient. The said authority thus given unto the said councelours to continue untill the said Prince should accomplish the age of 14. years, which was performed by them accordingly in all leases, dispositions and grants of the reve∣nues of the said prince.

The said K. Edw. by another Charter composed in English, and bearing date 10 of Novem. 13^o. regni, appointed the said E. Rivers (being brother unto the Queen) to be governour of the person of the said prince, and to have the education and institution of him in all ver∣tues worthy his birth, and to have the government and direction of his servants.

King Edward the fourth having reigned full 22. years, left this mortal life 24. regni at VVestminster, and was enterred at VVindsor, Edward his Son and Heir then being at Ludlow neer the Marches of Wales, for the better ordering of the Welsh under the Go∣vernment of the Lord Rivers his Unkle, on the Mothers side, and upon the death of his Father drawing towards London to prepare for his Coronation fell into the hands of his Unkle by the Fathers side, Richard D. of Glocester, and the said Lord Rivers being upon his way to London,* 1.26 was intercepted and lost his head at Pomfret; for what cause I know not other then this, that he was thought to be too great an obstacle between a thirsty Tyran∣nous desire, and the thing that was so thirstily and Tyrannously desired.

Edward the 5. King of England, for so he was, although he enjoyed it not long, be∣ing thus surprised under the power of his natural, or rather most unnatural Unkle and mortal enemy, was brought to London with great solemnity and pompe, and with great applause of the People flocking about to behold his person, as the manner of the English Na∣tion is to do, whose new joyes cannot endure to be fettered with any bonds. His said Unkle calling himself Protector of the King and his realm, but indeed was a wolfe to whom the lamb was committed, for having thus surprised the Kings person, he labou∣red by all means to get into his possession also the younger brother, being D. of Yorke, knowing that they both being sundered,* 1.27 the safety of the younger would be a means to preserve the elder, and therefore by all sinister perswasions and fair pretences having ob∣tained the younger D. from his mother, the King and the D. both for a time remained in the Tower of London,* 1.28 and there shortly after, both in one bed, were in the night smothered to death, and buried in an obscure and secret place, unknown how or where, un∣till one of the Executioners thereof, after many years being condemned to dye for many other his manifold crimes, confessed also his guilty fact in this tragical business, and the circumstance thereof, of which by reason of the secresie and incertainty, divers had be∣fore diversly conjectured. And by this means all for the Coronation of Innocent Ed∣ward, served the turn to set the Crown upon the head of Tyrannous Richard. Out of which by the way I cannot but observe how hatefull a bloody hand is to Almighty God the King of Kings, who revenged the bloodshed of those civil broyles, whereof Edward the Father had been the occasion, and the breach of his oath upon these his two Inno∣cent Infants

Edward Son of Richard III.

This Tyrant, and stain of the English story,* 1.29 Richard D. of Glocester usurped the King∣dom by the name of Richard the third, and became King, yet as our Records of Law wit∣ness de facto non de jure, and in the first year of his reign created Edward his son, being a child of ten years of age, Prince of Wales, Lieutenant of the Realm of Ireland.

But for that the prosperity of the wicked is but as the florishing of a green tree, which whiles man passes by is blasted, dead at the roots, and his place knoweth it no more, so shortly afterwards God raised up Hen. Earl of Richmond the next heir of the house of Lancaster to execute justice upon that unnatural and bloody Usurper, and cast him that had been the rod of Gods Judgment upon others, into the fire also; for in the third year of his reign at the battail of Bosworth, whereunto the said Richard entered in the morn∣ing crowned with all Kingly pomp, he was slain, and his naked carkass with as much de∣spight as could be devised, was carried out thereof at night, and the said Henry Earle of Richmond, the Solomon of England, Reigned in his stead, by the name of King Henry the Seventh.

Arthur Son of K. Henry VII.

Henry the VII. took to wife Elizabeth the eldest daughter, and after the death of her brothers, the Relict heir of King Edward IV. by which marriage, all occasions of conten∣tion between those two noble Families of York and Lancaster were taken away and utterly quenched and the red Rose joyned with the white.

The said K. Henry the seventh by his letters patents dated the first day of December 5. regni created Arthur his Eldest son & heir apparent, being then about the age of three years, Prince of Wales. But before we proceed any further, treating of the Princes of Wales, let us consider from whence this Arthur descended, and admire the goodnesse and providence of the highest and great God towards the VVelsh nation, to bring the honour and principali∣ty to one descended of the Ancient Welsh or British blood; I will bring the pedegree as∣cendent, the noble Prince Arthur was son to Henry the VII.

Arthur.* 1.30
Henry VII.	Elizabeth Eldest Daughter to K. Edward IV.
Edmund Earle of Richmond.	Margaret Daughter and Heir to John Duke of Somerset.
Sr. Owen Tudor.	Katherine, Queen Dowager to K. Henry the V.

• Meredyth son to Tudor.
• Tudor son to Grono.
• Grono son to Tudyr.
• Tudyr son to Grono.
• Grono son to Ednivet.
• Ednivet Vachan married Gwenlhian, daughter to Rees Prince of Southwales.
• Gruffith King of Southwales
• Rees ap Tudyr King of Southwales
• Whose Armes were, Gules a Lyon Ramp. within a border indented Or.

I could deduce this family from several English matches, as Holland, Tuckets, Norris, but I should be too prolix and seem to exspaciate beyond my bounds, and therefore I will return to our Prince of whom we now speak.

* 1.31Also there was a Charter of the Grant of the Lands of the said principality, Earledom of Chester and Flint, dated the 20 of February in the said fift year of the said King, made unto the said Prince.

The said King Henry the VII. by his Charter bearing date the 20. day of March in the eight year of his reign did constitute and appoint the said Prince Arthur, to be his Justice in the County of Salop,* 1.32 Hereford, Glocester, and the Marches of Wales adjoyning to the said Shires, to enquire of all liberties, priviledges and franchises, being possessed or claimed by any person or persons, and which were to be seized into the Kings hands, and of all escapes and Fellons and those inquisitions, so from time to time to be taken, to certifie into the Chancery. And by the same Charter gave him power to substitute and appoint others un∣der him for the better execution of the same, which afterwards by Commission was executed accordingly.

And the said King also by his Charter bearing date 14 Junii, 8^o regni, made and consti∣tuted the said Arthur Prince of Wales, and Governour and Warden of the Marches towards Scotland; and substituted as his Lieutenant and Vice-Warden under him Thomas Earle of Surrey for the due execution thereof.

Likewise the said King by his letters Patents, dated 5. Novemb. 9. regni, in augmention of the Revenue of the Prince, did grant unto the said Prince the Honour, Castle and Lordship of Wigmore, and divers other Castles, Mannours, and Lands, which some time had been be∣longing to the Earldom of March, which came to the Crown by King Edward the IV. who was himself Earle of March, before he assumed the regal estate, To have and to hold, during the pleasure of the King, yielding yearly the Rent of 200 l.

* 1.33The Prince was sent unto the Marches of Wales, for government of that Country, and in the 17 regni Henry VII. had a Counsell of wise and very worthy men assigned unto him as namely Sr. Richard Pool, chief Chamberlain of the said Prince, Sir Henry Ʋernon, Sir Richard Crofts, Sir David Philips, Sir William Ʋdal, Sir Thomas Inglefield and Sir Peter Newton Knights, John Wilson, Henry Marian, Doctor William Smith (after Bishop of Lin∣colne, where he was buryed) President of the Councel, and Doctour Charles; where not long afterwards the said Prince died in the Castle of Ludlow without issue.

I may not let passe what Mr. Lhoyd writeth concerning Sir Owen Tuder, he saith, that Sir William Stanley then Lord of Cromfield,* 1.34 Yale and Chirkland, aided Henry VII. being followed by the Welshmen, and that the said Henry, knowing and pittying the thraldom and iniuries of that Nation, from whom he descended, took order to reform the same, and granted vnto them a Charter of liberties,* 1.35 whereby they were released of that oppression wherewith they were afflicted, by lawes I have set down before, more heathenish then chri∣stian: and here I cannot omit, but some thing answer the reproachful and slanderous as∣sertions of Joannes Bernardus, Pontus, Henlerus and others (I my self have seen a manu∣script, where he is called a Shereman, but rather ignorantly I hope then maliciously) who go about to abase the noble parentage of Owen Tuder the Kings Grandfather, following more their own affections, then any good proof or authority; for if they would read that noble work of Matthew Paris, they shall find in page 843. of the printed book, that Ednivet Ʋachan one of his Ancestours, was the chiefest of Councel to Lhewelin ap Jorwerth, otherwise called Leolenus Magnus, and to David ap Lhewelin Princes of Wales, as for∣merly.

They may also find in the Records of the Tower of London, in an. 29. Edward I. in the general homage done to Prince Edward of Caernavon, first prince of Wales of the English bloud, that Tuder ap Grono, another of the Ancestours of Owen, did his homage among the Nobles of Wales,* 1.36 as appeareth in the said Records. Further the said Owens Grandmother the wife of Tuder ap Grono, was Margaret the daughter of Thomas the son of Elianor, which was the daughter of the County of Barr, by Elianor his wife, daughter to Edward I. King of England.

Besides all this there was a Commission at this time directed by King Edward VII. to the Abbot of Lhan Egwest, Doctor Owen Pool Canon of Hereford, and John King Herald, to make inquisition concerning the parentage of the said Owen, who coming to VVales tra∣velled in that matter, and used the helps of Sir John Levof, Guttin, Owen Bardh, Gruffith ap Lhewelin ap Evan Vachan, and others, in the search of the Brittish or Welsh books of Pe∣digrees, out of the which they drew his perfect Genealogy from the Antient Kings of Brit∣tain, and the Princes of VVales, and so returned their Commission, which return is extant to be seen at this day. And I God willing will set forth what I have, in a compendium which I intend to annex to this present treatise, of many things which cannot be well digested in method of History, yet much conduce to the Glory of the Welsh, the several princely stems from whence Owen Tuder, and consequently the succeeding Kings of England descended.

Henry Duke of York.

After the death of Prince Arthur King Henry VII.* 1.37 by his letters patents dated the 18 of February 19 regni, in a parliament, created Henry, then his only son, who after was King Henry VIII. and whom before that in the 11. he had made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by an other Charter of the same year, Constable of the Castle of Dover, to be Prince of Wales, Earle of Chester, being then about the age of twelve years. To have and to hold to him and his heirs Kings of England for ever, being the like limitation of Estate, and with the like investure as in former times had been acustomed.

But whether the King did grant the lands and revenues belonging to the said principali∣ty unto the said Henry or no, as he had done unto Prince Arthur his brother doth not ap∣pear by any Charter therof that as yet can be found.

After the death of King Henry VII. the said Prince Henry was King of England by the name of King Henry VIII. he had a issue son called Henry who dyed very young, he like∣wise had issue the Lady Mary afterwards Queen, and the Lady Elizabeth, and lastly prince Edward the youngest in years, who first reigned after the death of his said father by the name of Edward the Sixt.

Mary

The Lady Mary daughter to the same King Henry the VIII,* 1.38 by the Queen Catherine his first wife, was Princesse of Wales, and in the 17. year of King Henries reign, he sent John Voiseie Bishop of Exeter to be Lord President of the Councel of the said Princesse in the Marches of Wales.

Elizabeth.

Elizabeth daughter to King Henry the VIII.* 1.39 was in a Parliament begun the 15 day of Ja∣nuary in the 25 regni, declared Princesse and Inheritrix of the Crown of England, with all the Dominions to the same belonging, in default of issue male of the body of the said King Henry.

Sr. John Dodridge, doth not approve of King Edward VI. Queen Mary, or Queen Eliza∣beth, to have been Prince or Princesse formally, for he saith there cannot be found any Charter among the records, whereby it may appear that any of them were created Prin∣ces of Wales, or whereby any of the Revenues of the said principality were given or con∣ferred unto any of them; so that it seemeth they were princes generally by their birth, and not princes of Wales by any creation or investure; for in a record of an account of the Duke of Cornwal, in the time of the said Edward, he is called by the name of prince of England, and not by the name of prince of Wales.

And thus much touching the succession or ranks of the princes of Wales, which I have drawn in an Historical, though in a plain and homely manner, thereby the better to take the harshnesse of the particularities of records intermingled therewith, which of themselves al∣though they offer profitable knowledg, yet they do carry with them small delight; but also for that the variety of things in those succeeding ages, in the sundry occurrences and accidents thereof, do yield good matter of observance and worthy memory, representing as it were the English state for the time of more then 200 years.

Now therefore do rest nevertheless three things concerning the said principality to be further considered of.

[unspec 1] First in what manner and order the said principality and Marches of Wales were govern∣ed and directed under the said prince.

[unspec 2] Secondly, what Officers, as well Domestical as others, the said princes had a∣bout them, and their Fees, as far forth as I could come to any certain knowledge thereof.

[unspec 3] And thirdly an abstract of the Revenues of the said principality, as they lately stood, Whereby it may be perceived what in time past the said Revenues have been.

The manner of Government of the Principality of Wales.

The said principality being under the government of the princes of the Welsh blood (whose ancient patrimony yet remained untill the conquest thereof by K. Ed. I. as hath allready been shewed) was guided, governed and directed by their own municipal lawes, and the customs of the country, most of which had their commencement from the constitutions of one of their

ancient Princes, called Howel Dha, as their Historians report: but being reduced under the yoak of the said King Edward, he divided certain parts of that Territory into Shires, he caused the Welsh Lawes to be perused, some whereof he did allow and approve some others he did abbrogate and disanul, and in their place appointed new, altogether according to the English manner of executing Justice. He caused to be devised certain briefs, writs, or formula juris, and he instituted their manner of processe, pleadings, and course of their judi∣cial proceedings. All which things do manifestly appear by the Act of Parliament made at Ruthlan in Wales, called therefore Statutum Walliae, and when they want a writ of form to serve the present case, then use they the writ of Quod ei deforciat which supplieth that defect, and although the Principality of Wales as hath appeared by some of the Records were devided into 3 Provinces, Northwales, Southwales and VVestwales, for so in some of the former patents they are mentioned, yet for the Jurisdiction thereof it was divided into two parts Northwales and Southwales; for a great part of VVestwales was comprehended with∣in the Shire of Pembrock, which is a very ancient Shire of Wales, and the territory thereof conquered by the English in the time of William Rufus, long time before the general conquest of Wales by Richard Strongbow, being English, and the Earle thereof, and called also by some Earle of Strigulia or Chepstow (or rather Strigul Castle) was the first that at∣tempted the conquest of Ireland in the dayes of Hen. II.

The Province of Northwales and Southwales were governed by law in this manner. The Prince had and used to hold a Chancery and a Court of Exchequer in the Castle of Gaer∣narvon for Northwales, and had a Judge or Justice which ministred Justice there to all the in∣habitants of Northwales, and therefore was called the Justice of Northwales. The like Courts of Chancery and Exchequer he held in the Castle of Caermardhyn for Southwales, where he had a Justice likewise called the Justice of Southwales;* 1.40 and the Courts of the Ju∣stices or Judges so held within the several Provinces, were called the great Sessions of those Provinces, and sometimes those Justices were Itenerant, and sat in every of the several Counties of his province. In those great Sessions the causes of greatest moment, real, per∣sonal and mixt, and pleas of the Crown, concerning life and members were heard and de∣termined.* 1.41 In these great Courts also upon creation of every new Prince, there were grant∣ed by the people of that Province unto the Prince, nomine recognitionis ad primum adventum principis, certain summes of money as it were in acknowledgement or relief of the new Prince, which summes of money are called by them Mises; these mises or summes of mo∣ney were granted by the people unto the prince for his allowance of their lawes and anti∣ent customes, and a general pardon of their offences, sinable or punishable by the prince, and that summe of those mises, for the Shire of Caermardhyn only, amounted unto 800. marks, and for the Shire of Cardigan, the total summe of the mises amounted unto 600 marks, as by sundry Records doth appear; these summes of money were paid at certain dayes by several portions, such as were appointed, and in the said Sessions agreed upon. Al∣so in every Shire of every the said provinces, there were holden certain Inferiour Courts, called therefore County Courts and Shire Courts and Tourns, after the manner of England and which by some were also called the petty Sessions, and there were also Courts inferiour in sundry Counties, for ending of causes of lesse moment and importance, and if any wrong Judgment were given in any of those leferiour Courts,* 1.42 the same was redressed by a writ of false Judgement in the Court Superiour. And if any erroneous judgment were given in the great Sessions which was the supreme Court of Justice that error was either re∣dressed by the judgment of penal Justices Itenerant, or else in Parliament, and not other∣wise in any the Courts of Justice now at Westminster.

* 1.43As touching the government of the Marches of Wales, it appeareth by divers ancient mo∣numents that the Counquerour after he had conquered the English, placed divers of his Norman Nobility upon the Confines and Borders towards Wales, and erected the Earldom of Chester being upon the borders of Northwales, to a Palatinate, and gave power unto the the said persons thus placed upon those borders, to make such conquest upon the Welsh, as they by their strengh could accomplish, holding it a very good policy, thereby not only to encourage them to be more willing to serve him, but also to provide for them at other mens costs. And hereupon further ordained, that the lands so conquered should be holden of the Crown of England in Capite; and upon this and such like occasions divers of the no∣bility of England having lands upon the said borders of Wales, made roads and incursions upon the Welsh, whereby divers parts of that Country neer or towards the said borders, were won by the sword from the Welshmen, and were planted partly with English Collonies: and the said lands so conquered were holden per Baroniam,* 1.44 and were called therefore Baro∣nies, Marchers; In such manner did Robert Fitz Hamon acquire unto himself and such others as assisted him, the whole Lordship of Glamorgan, using in some resemblance the Roman Policy, to enlarge Territories by stepping in between two Competitors, and by helping the one, he subdued the other, and afterward turning his sword against him whom he had assisted, & making this the pretence of his quarrel, alledged, that he whom he had assisted, had denyed to make unto him sufficient recompence for his sustained travels, and so made him∣sel

absolute owner of all. Likewise Bernard Newmarsh conquered the Lordship of Breck∣nock, containing three cantreds, and established his conquest by a marriage in the Welsh blood;* 1.45 (but she proved a blemish to her country) Hugh Lacy conquered the lands of Ewyas called after his name Ewyas Lacy, and others did the like in other places of the borders, all which were Baronies, Marchers, and were holden by such the conquerours thereof in capite of the Crown of England: and because they and their posterity might the better keep the said lands so acquired,* 1.46 and that they might not be withdrawn by sutes of law from the defence of that which they had thus subdued, the said Lordships and Lands so conquered were ordained Baronies Marchers, and had a kind of palatine Jurisdiction erected in every of them, and power to administer Justice unto their Tennants in every of their territories, having therein courts with divers priviledges, franchises and immunities, so that the writs of Ordinary Justice out of the Kings Court were for the most part not currant amongst them. Neverthe∣less if the whole Barony had come in question, or that the strife had been between two Baron Marchers touching their Territories or Confines thereof, for want of a superiour they had recourse unto the King their supreme Lord; and in these and such like cases, where their own jurisdiction failed, justice was administred unto them in the superiour Courts of this Realme. And this was the state of the Government of the Marches of Wales, both before and after the general conquest thereof made by K. Edw. I. untill the 27 year of K. Henry VIII.

And as touching the first councel established in the Marches of Wales, it is conceived by the best and most probable opinions amongst Antiquaries, that the same began in or about 17^o. Edw. IV. when as prince Edward his son was sent into the Marches of Wales, under the tuiti∣on of the L. Rivers his Unckle by the mothers side, at what time also John Bishop of Wor∣cester was appointed L. president of Wales.

Prince Arthur the son of K. Henry VII. in the 17. of his reign, went into VVales, at what time Dr. VVill. Smith (after Bishop of Lincolne, and there buried) was then president of the Councell of the Marches, he founded Brasonnose Colledge in Oxford, and bore for his arms arg a fess. dancette inter gules. This man was also president in the time of King Henry VIII, untill the fourth year of the reign of the said King. At what time Geffry Blyth Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, succeeded in the Office of president in the said Coun∣cel.

There succeeded him in the office of president of the councel of the Marches of VVales, Rowland Lee Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and this was the state and government of the principality of VVales, 27^o. H. 8.

The said King by a Statute made 27^o. regni,* 1.47 united and annexed the principality and Dominion of VVales unto the Realme of England, altering in many parts, the former Jurisdiction and Government thereof, bringing the same to the like administration of Justice as was, and yet is usual in England, apponting that the lawes of England should take place there, and that all Welsh law,* 1.48 sinister customes and tenures not agreeable to the Lawes of England, should be thenceforth abrogated and abolished. Of which union and An∣nexion;

[unspec I] First, for that thereof hath ensued great peace, tranquility, and infinite good to the inha∣bitants of that country of Wales.

[unspec II] Secondly, because in some respect it may serve as a project and president in some other union and annexion of as much of more consequence and importance.* 1.49

[unspec III] And thirdly, because the said union doth contain an expresse Image of the poli∣tique Government of this Realme of England, I have presumed with convenient brevity upon this good occasion here in this place to expresse the same. Therefore whereas in for∣mer time there had been in Wales anciently 8 several Shires or Counties,* 1.50 besides the county of Monmoth which was the ninth, and that some other Territories in Wales were then no Shire Grounds, by reason whereof the Lawes of England could have no currant passage therein. For all the ordinary Ministers and Executioners of the processe of the Lawes of England, or which have Viscountile Jurisdiction are the Officers of particu∣lar Shires, as the Sheriffs, the Coroners, the Escheaters, and such like. Therefore by the said Act of Parliament there were erected in Wales 4 other new ordained shires of the lands not formerly so divided, namely the several shires of Radnor, Brecknock, Montgomery, and Denbigh, so that now the shires are 13. viz.

• 1 Radnor shire.
• 2 Brecknock shire.
• 3 Monmoth shire.
• 4 Glamorgan shire.
• 5 Carmarthyn shire.
• 6 Pembrock shire.
• 7 Cardigan shire.
• 8 Montgomery shire.
• 9 Merionith shire.
• 10 Caernarvon shire.
• 11 Denbigh shire.
• 12 Flint shire.
• 13 Anglesey shire.

And these four last also with the former antient Shires together, are by that Act of Par∣liament,

and by Statute of 38. H. 8. subdivided into Cantreds,* 1.51 and all the March ground being then neither any part of Wales, although formerly conquered out of Wales, neither any part of the Shires of Engl. The said King by the said Act of Parliament did annex & unite partly unto the said Shires of Engl. & partly unto the Shires of Wales next adjoyning, as was thought then (by reason of vicinity of place & other correspondency) most convenient as by the said Act of Parliament appeareth: which the said King was the rather occasioned to do for most of the said Baronies Merchers, were then in his own hands. And for that also divers murders, rapes, roberies and enormities, and odious offences had been there committed, and by rea∣son of the flight of the offendours,* 1.52 from one Barony (as is usual upon the borders) they had escaped due and condigne punishment, for their such enormities and crimes, he ordain∣ed also that the county of Monmoth, formerly being a shire of Wales, should be governed from thenceforth in like manner,* 1.53 and by the same Judges as other Shires of England, and for the other 12 Shires he ordered a special jurisdiction and Officers, but yet in substance a∣greable, and after the lawes of England, although for the circumstance of time and place and persons in some few things discordant.

He ordained that out of every of the said Shires of Wales, there should be one Knight and out of every of the Shire Towns of Wales named in the said Act of Parliament,* 1.54 there should be one Burgesse, elected after the English manner, which Knights and Burgesses so elected, and duly upon the summons of every parliament in England, returned, should have place and voice in the parliament of England, as other the Knights and Burgesses of England used to have.

* 1.55As for the administration of justice in the said 12 Shires of Wales, there was by an Act of parliament of 34. H. 8. ordained 4. several circuits, precints, or Conventus Juridicus allotting to every of them three of these Shires, so that the Chief Justice of Chester hath under his jurisdiction the three several Shires of Denbigh, Flint and Montgomery, his Fee is yearly 100 l.

* 1.56The Shires of Carnarvon, Merioneth and Anglesey, are under the Justice of Northwales, whose Fee is, 50 l.

The counties of Carmardhin, Pembrock and Cardigan have also their Justice, whose Fee is 50 l.

The counties of Radnor, Brecknock and Glamorgan have also their Justice whose Fee is 50 l.

After by an Act of parliament made 18. Eliz. cap. 8. one other Justice assistant was ordained to the former Justices,* 1.57 so that now every of the said four circuits, have two Ju∣stices, viz. one chief Justice, and a second Justice assistant.

Their Jurisdiction.

These Justices in every of their circuits have almost the same Jurisdiction that the anci∣ent Justices in Eyre, or Justices Itenerants had. First they had power to hear and deter∣mine all criminal causes which are called in the lawes of England, the pleas of the Crown, and herein they have the same absolute jurisdiction that the Judges have of the K. bench, commonly so called.

They have also Jurisdiction to hear and determine all civil causes, which are called in the lawes of England, common pleas, and to take the acknowledgment of Fines levied of lands or hereditaments without suing any dedimus potestatem; and herein they have the same jurisdiction that the Justices of the Common pleas do execute in the hall at Westminster, al∣so they may hear and determine all Assizes upon disseisons of lands or hereditaments, where∣in they equal the jurisdiction of the Justices of Assize.

They may hear and determine all notable violences and outrages, perpetrated or done within their several precints, and therein they have the power, authority and jurisdiction of the Justices of Oyer and Terminer.

Their Chancery, Seal and Writs.

For as much as no suite can commence between party and party, nor orderly Justice can be done without complaint of the pursevant, and summons and admonition given unto the defendant; which summons the policy of England from the beginning of the first foun∣dation of this Common-wealth hath appointed to be performed by that kind of formulae ju∣ris which the common law calleth a Writ or Brief so called as Bracton saith, Breve quia rem quæ est & intentionem petentis breviter enarrat, and which writ is alwaies conceived in form quondam of the Kings name, in manner of a preecept Royal, and sealed with the Kings or Potestates great seal.* 1.58 Therefore in the appointing of this Jurisdiction, there is ordain∣ed to every Circuit or precint, a several Seal for the sealing of such writs and commissions as the case shall require within that Circuit. And for as much as all Writts are either Ori∣ginal,

such as begin the suite, or else judicial, such as command and warrant the execution thereof. It is by the said Statute made in the 34 Hen. 8. ordained, that the Seal serving for Original process in several shires of Denbigh and Montgomery, should be in the custody of the Chamberlain of Denbigh, and what the original Seal of Chester shall be and stand for the Original Seal of Flint, and shall be in the custody of the Chamberlain of Chester; the like seal serving for the several shires of Carnarvon, Merioneth and Anglesey, to be in the custody of the Chamberlain of Northwales.

The like seal concerning the several Shires of Radnor, Brecknock, and Glamorgan, is com∣mitted to the custody of the Steward of Brecknoc.

And finally, the like Seal serving for the several Shires of Caermardhyn, Pembrock•• and Cardigan, is in the usage of the Chamberlain of Southwales.

These Chamberlains are as Chancellours in this behalf, and have the sealing of all Ori∣ginal writs and commissions within the several precints, and these Chamberlains may also a∣ward out several writs to all Under-Receivers of the Revenues, and ministers to make their accounts.

The Seal for sealing judicial writs, is appointed by the said Statute 34 H. 8. to be and re∣main by the Justices of every the said circuits for the more expedite execution of their Judgment.* 1.59

Their Sessions and manner of Sitting.

Every of these Justices in their several circuits shall be Itenerant, twice every year, and sit in every of the Shires with their authority by the space of six dayes together, at a place certain by them so appointed, and upon proclamation of summons to be made 15 dayes be∣fore the said sittings,* 1.60 where all persons requiring Justice may purchase their writs and pro∣ceed in their suits. And where Adjournments of the causes there depending shall be De die in diem, and if the cause can have no end during the sitting, then from Sessions to Ses∣sions, as the nature of the business shall require, and according to the discretion of the said Justices, and these sittings are called the great Sessions.* 1.61

And if their shall be such multitudes of pleas personal, as that they cannot be tryed at the same great Sessions, then the issues there in trial shall and may be tried at some Sessions before the Deputy Justice, which is therfore called the petty sessions.

And if any erroneous judgment be given by the said Justices in any real Action, the same shall be reversed by writ of error, before the Justices of the Kings bench. And if the said erroneous judgment shall be in any Action personal, the same shall be reversed by bill before the Lord president of the Marches, and councel there.

Officers, Ministers, Clerks, and Writers, for the expediting of the said great Sessions.

First, there are the Chamberlains of every the said circuits, as hath been said, who are properly and Originally the Treasurers of the Revenue within their charge, and by the said Statutes are also Keepers of the seals as aforesaid, therein they do undertake in part the Office of a Chancellour.

And in every of the said circuits there is the Atturney or Regius Advocatia, and Solli∣citor.

There is a Protonotary or chief Register who draweth all the pleadings,* 1.62 entereth and engrosseth the Records and Judgments in civil causes, and ingrossing Fines. And there is also a Clerk of the Crown, which draweth and ingrosseth all inditements and pro∣ceedings, arraignments and judgments in criminal causes; and these two Officers are at the King or States appointment.

There is a Marshal to attend the persons of the Judges at their common sitting and going from the Sessions or Court.* 1.63

There is a Cryer, Tanquam publicus preco, to call forth such persons, whose ap∣parences are necessary, and to impose silence to the people. And these two Officers last remembred are deposed by the Justices. And thus much touching the Justices of the great Sessions.

There are also other ordinary Officers appointed for every Shire in Wales, by the said Statute 34. Henry 8. such and in like manner as in other the Shires in En∣gland.

There is a commission under the great Seal of England, to certain Gentlemen,* 1.64 giving them power to preserve the peace, and resist and punish all turbulent persons, whose misdemeanour may tend to the disquiet of the people, and these are called, Justices of peace, and every of them may well be termed Eirnarcha, the chief of them is called

Custos Rotulorum, in whose custody all the Records of their proceedings are resident: Others there are of that number called Justices of the peace, and Quorum, because of their Commissions, whereby they have power to sit and determine causes, concerning breach of peace and misbehaviour: the words of the Commission are conceived thus, Quorum such and such Ʋnum vel duos, &c. Esse volumus, and without some one or more of them of the Quo∣rum, no Sessions can be holden; and for the avoiding of the superfluous number of such Justices,* 1.65 for through the ambition of many, it is accounted a credit to be burthened with that Authority. The Satute of 34 Hen. 8. hath expresly prohibited that there shall be above eight Justices of Peace, within every of the Counties and Shires of Wales; which, if the number were not indefinite for the Shires in England, it were the better: These Ju∣stices do hold their Sessions quarterly.

And it is further ordained by the Statute of 34 Hen 8. that two Justices of peace, whereof one to be of the Quorum, may hold their Sessions without any greater num∣ber.

In every of the said Shires, where the said Commission of peace is established: There is also a Clerk of the peace, for the entring and engrossing of all proceedings before the said Justices, and this Officer is appointed by the Custos Rotulorum.

* 1.66Every of the said Shires hath a Sheriff; which word being of the Saxon English, is as much as to say a Shire-Reeve, or Minister, or Bailiff of the County; his Function or Of∣fice is twofold, Ministerial and Judicial: As touching his Ministerial Office, he is the Mini∣ster and Executioner of all the Process and Precepts of the Courts of Law, and thereof ought to make return and certificate;* 1.67 and as touching the Judicial Office, he hath Autho∣rity to hold two several Courts of distinct natures, the one called the Tourne; because he keepeth a Tourne or Circuit about the Shire, holding the same in several places, wherein he doth enquire of all offences perpetrated against the common Law, and not forbidden by any Statute or Act of Parliament.* 1.68 And the Jurisdiction of this Court is derived from justice distributive, and is for criminal offences; The other is called the County Court, where he doth determine all petty and small causes civil, under the value of 40 s. arising within the said County, and thereof it is called the County Court. And the Jurisdiction of this Court is drawn from Justice Communicative, and is held every Moneth. The Of∣fice of the Sheriff is annual by the Statute of 34 Hen. 8. it is ordained that the Lord Presi∣dent, Councel and Justices of Wales, or three of them at the least, whereof the Presi∣dent to be one, shall yearly nominate three fit persons for that Office, of whom the King or State may elect one, who thereupon shall have his Patent, and be Sheriff of the said Shire.

* 1.69Every of the said Shires hath an Officer called an Escheator, which is an Officer to at∣tend the Kings Revenue, and to seize into his hands all lands either Escheated, goods or lands forfeited, & therefore he is called Escheator; and he is to enquire by good enquest of the death of the Kings Tenants, and to whom the lands are descended; and to seize the bodies and lands for Ward, if they be within age, and is accountable for the same. And this Officer in Wales is nominated,* 1.70 by the Lord Treasurer of England, by the advice of the Lord President, Councel and Justices, or three of them at least, whereof the Lord Presi∣dent to be one. There are also in every of the said Shires two Officers called Coroners; they are to enquire by enquest, in what manner and by whom every person dying a vio∣lent death, came to his death, and to enter the same of Record, which is matter criminal, and a plea of the Crown,* 1.71 and thereof they are called Coroners or Crowners, as one hath written, because their enquiries ought to be publick, Et in Corona Populi: These Officers are are chosen by the Free-holders of the Shire, by vertue of a Writ out of the Chancery, De Coronatore Eligendo. And of them I need not speak more, because these Officers are elsewhere.

* 1.72Forasmuch as every Shire hath one Goal or Prison, appointed for the restraint of liberty of such persons as for their offences are thereunto committed, until they shall be delivered by course of Law.

Finally in every hundred of every of the said Shires, the Sheriffs thereof shall nominate sufficient persons to be Bailiffs of that hundred, and under Ministers of the She∣riff, and they are to attend upon the Justices in every of their Courts and Sessions.

The Government of the Marches of Wales, after the Statute of An. 27. & 34. H. 8.

By the said Statute of 34. Hen. 8. cap. 26. It is furthered ordained, that the President and the Councel in the said Dominion and Principality of VVales, and the Marches of the same, with all Officers, Clerks and Incidents thereunto, should continue and remain in manner and form as was then formerly used and accustomed.

And therefore Rowland Lee, being Lord President of the Councel of the Marches of Wales, at the time of making of the said Statute, so continued after the making thereof until his death, being in the 34 year of the said King Hen. 8. after whom succee∣ded in the Office of the said President, Richard Samson Bishop of Chichester, and after re∣moved to Coventry and Liechfield, who continued Lord President until the second year of K. Edw. 6. At what time John Dudley, then Earl of VVarwick, and after Duke of Northumber∣land, was President of the said Councel, who so continued until the 4^th year of the said King; and after him succeeded Sr. William Herbert, Knight of the Noble Order of the Gar∣ter, and after Earl of Pembrock, who continued president until the first year of Queen Mary; next succeeded Nicholas Heath, Bishop then of Worcester, and after Archbishop of York, and Lord Chancellour of England; and upon removing of the said Archbi∣shop, the said William Herbert succeeded again as President of the said Councel, until the 6^th year of the said Queen Mary; at what time followed him Gilbert Brown, Bishop of Bath and Wells, who continued until the death of the same Queen: In the beginning of the late Queen Elizabeth, Sr. John Williams, Lord Williams of Tame, of whom the Lord Norris was descended, was appointed President of the said Councel, and died the same year; and after him succeeded Sr. Henry Sydney, Knight of the Noble Order of the Gar∣ter, whose love to learning; and favour to learned men, need not here to be spoken, he continued Lord President of Wales about 24 years and 6 Moneths, he served in Ireland 8 years and 6 moneths, being there 3 several times Lord Deputy General in that Countrey; During some part of the time of tho abode in Ireland of the said Sr. Hen. Sydney, there served as President or Vice-president John Bish of Worcester, after Archbishop of Canter∣bury; after this succeeded H••n. Earl of Pembrock, son in law to Sr. Henry Sydney, and fa∣ther to the honourable Earl of Pembrock; and after him Edward Lord Zouch.* 1.73

The President and Councel of the Marches of Wales,* 1.74 had power and authority to hear and determine by their wisdom and discretions, such causes and matters as be, or shall be assigned to them by the Kings Majesty, and in such manner as shall be so prescribed unto them by Instruction, signed by his hand.

The Councel assisting the Lord Prince consisted of these, the chief Justice of Chester, together with the three other of the said Justices of VVales, who after their Sessions ended, are for the most part resident at the Councel; and these are ordinary; there are divers extraordinaries, both Lords and Knights, and such others, as are learned in the Laws, and are to be called to Councel, when the Lord President shall think requisite; and every such of the Councel extraordinary learned in the Laws, when they are called and do serve there, they are allowed their diet for them and their men, and 6 s. and 8 d. per diem, during the time of their attendance.

The Officers there serving to the administration of Justice (as I am informed) are these;* 1.75 The Clerks of the Councel; The Clerk of the Signet; The Register; All which were granted to one man by the late Queen Elizabeth: And are Executed by his Deputy; The Examiner; The Remembrancer; The Receiver of the Fines; The Atturney, The Solicitor; The Porter: To whose custody such Delinquents as deserve to suffer restraint of liberty, are committed, &c. Two Messengers, and a Sergeant at Armes.

And thus much briefly touching the Antient and Modern Estate and Government of the Principality of VVales, and of the Marches of the same.

Next followeth to be considered (according to the former Order proposed) the Antient and Modern Officers of the said Principality serving the Lord Prince, and what Fees Sallary were allowed unto them:

The Antient Officers their Names and Fees, Collected out of divers Ancient Accounts, were these following in North Wales.

The Justice of North VVales, whose antient fee was uncertain, but yet for the most part yearly his fee was 50 l. Howbeit, I find that Sr. VVilliam Standley Knight, to whom K. Hen. 7^th. gave the Office of Justice of North VVales, for his life had the yearly fee of 133 l 8 s. 8 d. d. a. 1. Hen. 7. But this seemeth to have been of favour.

* 1.76The Chamberlain of North Wales, whose antient fee was yearly 20 l.

The Auditor of North Wales; viz. Chester and Flint, the antient fee was 10 l. yearly, with allowance of 10 s. per diem, while he was in executing this Office, and finishing the account 10 l.

* 1.77The Countrouller of all Pleas, Fines, Amercements and Redemptions, or Ransoms, his yearly fee was 12 l. 3 s. 4 d. b.

The Atturney of North Wales; viz. of the Counties of Carnarvon, Merioneth and Anglesey, his yearly fee was 56 s. 8 d.

* 1.78The Supervisor or Surveyor of the Castles, Mannors, Lands, Tenements and Heredita∣ments of the Prince of North Wales, his yearly fee was 10 l.

* 1.79The Constable of the Castle of Carnarvon, his fee was uncertain, sometimes 60 l. and sometimes but 40 l.

* 1.80The Captain of the Town of Carnarvon, his fee was yearly 12 l. 3 s. 4 d. d. and sometimes one man had both the Offices of Constable of the Castle, and Captain of the Town, having 60 l. yearly, for both the Offices 12 l. 3 s. 4 d.

* 1.81There were allowed sometime unto the said Constable and Captain 24 Souldiers, for the safe custody of the Castle and Town, and every of them was allowed 4 d. per diem, amounting in the whole unto 146 l. by the year 146 l.

* 1.82The Porter of the Gates of the said Town of Carnarvon, whose fee was yearly 3 l. 10 s.

The Constable of the Castle of Conwey, his fee was yearly sometimes 40 l. and some∣times 50 l.

* 1.83The Captain of the Town of Conwey, had for his yearly fee 12 l. 3 s. 4 d. and most commonly he that was Constable of the Castle, was also Captain of the Town 12 l. 3 s. 4 d

* 1.84There were also allowed to the said Constable and Captain 24 Souldiers, for the safe cu∣stody of the said Town and Castle, and every of them was allowed 4 d. per diem, amoun∣ting yearly to 146 l.

* 1.85The Keeper and Porter of the Gate of Conwey, his fee was 4 d. per diem.

The Constable of the Castle of Hardlaigh in the County of Merioneth, his fee yearly was 26 l. 13 s. 4 d. in some accounts he was allowed 50 l. which I think was of both Offices of Constable and Captain 26 l. 13 s. 4 d.

* 1.86There were also allowed 24 Souldiers for the Guard of the said Town and Castle of Hardlaigh, their wages amounting yearly to 146 l.

* 1.87The Constable of the Castle of Beumarish, his yearly fee was 40 l.

The Captain of the Town of Beumarish, his yearly fee was 12 l. 13 s. 4 d.

There were also 24 Souldiers allowed for the Guard of the said Town and Castle of Beumarish, every of which were allowed 4 d. per diem, amounting to 146 l.

* 1.88The Porter or Keeper of the Gate of Beumarish, had for his fee 9 l. 2 s. 6 d.

The chief Forrester of the Forrest of Snowdon, his fee 11 l. 8 s.

The Office of the Steward of the Towns of Newborough and Roffaire, his fee was year∣ly 10 l.

The Marshal and Keeper of the Justice house in the Town of Carnarvon, his yearly fee was 26 s. 8 d.

The Clerk of the great Sessions I find not.

* 1.89There was a Court of Exchequer of the Princes Revenues for North Wales holden in the Castle of Carnarvon, in which Court there were certain fees allowed, for the expen∣ces of Parchment, Paper, Bags for Money, and for Portrage of Money, and such other small charges, which were variable according to the occasions and times.

South Wales.

* 1.90The Justice of South Wales, whose antient fee was yearly 20 l. at sometimes 46 l.

The Auditor of South Wales,* 1.91 his antient fee was yearly 40 l. but sometimes his fee was but 20 l. 5 s. per diem, whiles he exercised his Office.

The Atturney of South Wales, who had yearly for his fee 8 l. 13 s. 4 d.* 1.92

The Constable and Usher of the Castle of Caermarthen, whose yearly fee was 20 l.

The Sheriff of the County of Caermarthen, whose fee was yearly 50 s.

The Steward general of the Comotts of the County of Caermarthens fee 6 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Clerk of the County, Courts, and small Sessions in the County of Caermarthen, his yearly fee 40 s.

The Cryer of the County Courts, and small Sessions in the said County, whose fee is yearly 6 s. 8 d.

The Steward of the Welsh Courts in the County of Caermarthen, his fee 6 l. 13 s. 4 d.* 1.93

The Office of the Penkeyes in the Comots Widegada and Elvet, his fee 4 s.

The Steward of the Welsh Courts of Widegada and Elvet, his yearly fee 3 l. 6 s. 8 d.

The Clerk of the Welsh Courts of Widegada and Elvet, whose yearly fee 6 s. 8 d.

The Bailiff Itenerant for Caermarthen, whose yearly fee was 5 l.

The Bailiff Itenerant for Cantred, whose yearly fee was 6 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Constable of the Castle of Cardigan, whose antient fee was yearly 40 l.

The Sheriff of the County of Cardigan, whose yearly fee was 5 l.

The Clerk of the County Courts, Tornes, and small Sessions of the County of Cardi∣gan, his yearly fee was 40 s.

The Cryer of the County Courts and small Sessions in the said County,* 1.94 his fee 6 s. 8 d.

The Clerk of the Hundreds in Cardigan, his yearly fee was 6 s. 8 d.* 1.95

The Steward of the Welsh Courts in the County of Cardigan, his fee was 10 l.

The Clerk for writing the Rolls in the Welsh Courts, his yearly fee was in the Coun∣ty of Cardigan 6 s. 8 d.

The Bailiff Itenerant of Cardigan, his antient fee was yearly 5 l.* 1.96

The Bailiff Itenerant of Lampaderne, his yearly fee was 6 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Captain of the Town of Aberystwyth, his yearly fee was 18 l. 5 s. he was allowed 12 Archers for the custody of the said Town and Castle.

The Escheator for the two Shires of Caermarthen and Cardigan,* 1.97 his fee was yearly 10 l.

The Clerk of the great Sessions for both the Counties of Caermarthen and Cardigan,* 1.98 his yearly fee was 5 l.

There was a Court of Exchequer likewise,* 1.99 for the Revenues of the Prince of South Wales, kept in the Castle of Caermarthen, and yearly allowance for the expences thereof, as in the Province of North Wales.

By this it appeareth, that the Province of South VVales, chargeable to the Prince, ex∣tended for the most part into the two Counties of Caermarthen and Cardigan; the rest of South VVales, as Munmothshire and Glamorgan, &c. were in the hands of others.

The reason of the difference of the Officers that were in South VVales, from those that were in North VVales, was, North Wales was divided in Counties, and framed into Shires, and ordered according to the English Laws, by the Statute made at Ruthlan, called Statu∣tum Wallioe, often before mentioned, made in the time of King Edw. 1. whereas South VVales nevertheless remained governed in some things according to the VVelsh Laws and Customs, even until the said Statute made in an. 27. H. 8.

Thus much concerning the Offices of both Princes of North VVales and South VVales.

The Prince of VVales had also divers and sundry Officers about his person, and of his houshold, which were these that follow out of Records, where mention is made of them:

The Councel of the Prince, consisting of divers honourable,* 1.100 worshipful and learned persons, to Councel for the leasing and good disposing of his Revenues.

The Governour of the Prince his person, to whom the Education and Institution of the young Prince was committed; such was the Lord Rivers unto Prince Edw. son to King Edw. 4. wherein also the Queen, Mother to the Prince, had a special interest; for few things were done concerning the Prince without her privacy and advice.

The Chamberlain to the Prince;* 1.101 it appeareth that Richard de la Beere was Chamber∣lain to the Black-Prince, son and heir of King Edw. 3. and Sr. Thomas Poole was chief Chamberlain to Prince Arthur; so was Thomas Vaughan to Prince Edw. son to King Edw. 4.

The Atturney General to the Prince: VVilliam Rudhall,* 1.102 was sometimes Atturney to the Prince.

The Clerk of the Prince his Councel, or Secretary, and Keeper of his Books, Wri∣tings and Records, his fee was 10 l. per annum, and his diet; one Thomas Tamworth had this Office.

The Usher of the Councel-chamber of the Prince, his fee was 10 l. per annum, and his wages for attendance of the Councel there: one Thomas Ferris sometimes had this Office.

The Gentleman Usher of the Princes private chamber: Sr. Thomas wroth had this Office to P. Edw. in the life of K. Hen. 8. and yet was that Prince never created Prince of Wales.

The Keeper of the Princes Ward-robe, who sometimes was one Giles Davies, and had a patent thereof, with a fee of 5 l. 10 s. yearly.

The Officers that follow are principally necessary, besides many other Officers inferiour left out, and no doubt did serve the Princes of this Realm, although no mention of them of Record.

The Treasurer or Receiver general of the P. of all his Revenues; which appeareth in this, That he had his general Exchequer at Westminster.

The Princes chief Secretary.

The Master of the Princes horses, and those that teach him to ride.

The School-masters of the Prince, as namely those that teach him

The Arts and Phylosophy.

The tongues of French, Italian and Spanish, &c.

The Principles of the Laws of the Realm, and of the Civil and Ecclesiastical.

A Note of the Officers, both modern and present, of the local Prin∣cipality of Wales; which Officers are allowed Fees, and other Charges going out of the Principality, as doth appear by divers accounts before the Auditors the last year, viz. the 44 year of Eliz.

* 1.103The Chamberlain of North Wales, in the Counties of Carnarvon, Anglesey, and Merio∣neth, his fee is 20 l.

The Constable of the Castle of Carnarvon, his yearly fee is 60 l. 10 s.

The Porter of the Town of Carnarvon 3 l. 10 s.

The Porter of the Town of Conwey 6 l. 1 s. 8.

The Constable of the Town of Conwey 13 l. 6 s. 8 d.

The said two Justices are allowed yearly, while they are in circuit in the time of the great Sessions 6 l.

The two Justices for the Counties of Carnarvon, Anglesey and Merioneth, each of them having for his yearly fee 50 l. amounting in the whole to the sum of 100 l.

The Atturney in the three Counties aforesaid, is allowed for his fee yearly 6 l. 6. 8 d.

The chief Forrester of Snowdon, his fee 11 l. 8 s. 1 d.

The Controuller of the pleas, fines and redemptions before the Justices of North Wales, his yearly fee was 12 l. 3 s. 4 d.

The fee of the Marshal and Keeper of the Shire-house, in the Counties of Carnarvon, Anglesey and Merioneth 2 l. 6 s. 8 d.

The Protonotary and Clerk of the great Sessions is allowed for a reward for his la∣bour, in ingrossing of the estreets of the Sessions holden in the the said three Coun∣ties 3 l. 6 s. 8 d.

The Barons of the Exchequer of Carnarvon 13 l. 6 s. 8 d.

For their attendance at Carnarvon yearly 40 s.

Towards the expences allowed the Clerk of the Exchequer, attending the great Sessions in the said Counties of Anglesey and Merioneth, for writing of the Original Writs of every Sessions 10 s.

For the expences of parchment, paper, ink, and other necessaries, spent in the Office of the Clerk of the Crown 1 l. 6. s. 8 d.

The Cryer, whose yearly fee is 13 s. 48.

For expences of paper, parchment, ink, and other necessaries, in the Exchequer at Carnarvon, and for baggs to put money in 1 l. 10 s.

For expence of Bailiffs Itenerant, bringing the Writs for colecting of the money by the Receivers 11 s.

Summa totalis Carnarvon 303 l. 1 s. 7 d.

The Constable of the Castle of Beumarish, and Captain of the Town, whose yearly fee was 26 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Steward of Meney, whose fee was yearly 5 l.

The Steward of Rossaire, whose fee was 20 s.

Summa totalis Anglesey 32 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Constable of the Castle of Hardleigh, whose fee was yearly 50 l.

The Auditors, whose yearly fees are 61 l. 18 s. 4 d.

And for their charges they are allowed 90 l.

The Receiver, whose yearly fee and allowance for portage of money 30 l. 18 s. 6 d.

The Surveyor, whose yearly fee was 20 l.

The Woodward, whose fee was yealy 10 l.

Summa totalis Merioneth 262 l. 16 s. 10 d.

The total sum of North Wales 599 l. 8 s. 5 d.

South Wales.

The Protonotary and Clerk of the Crown in the Counties of Cardigan, Caermar∣then, Pembrock, and the Town of Haverford West, whose fee is 40 s.

The Atturney in the Counties Caermarthen, Pembrock, Cardigan, Brecknoc and Radnor, whose yearly fee is 8 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Stewards of the Welsh Courts, whose yearly fee is 6 l.

The Sheriff of Cardigan, whose fee is 5 l.

Summa totalis Cardigan 21 l. 13 s. 4 d.

The Chamberlain and Chancellor of Caermarthen,* 1.104 whose yearly fee is 35 l. 11 s. 8 d.

The Cryer of the great Sessions holden in the Counties of Caermarthen, Cardigan and Pembrock, whose fee is 6 ••. 8 d.

The Constable of the Castle of Caermarthen, whose yearly fee is 20 l.

The Steward of the Welsh Courts of the County of Caermarthen, whose yearly fee is 10 l.

The Justices of the Counties of Caermarthen and Cardigan, their yearly fee is to each of them 50 l. and they are allowed for their diet in the times of their great Ses∣sions 5 l.

Summa totalis Caermarthen 215 l. 19 s. 8 d.

The present revenue of the Principality of Wales, as the same was in charge before the Auditors this last year past; viz. 44. Elizabeth.

The Farm and yearly Rents certain of the Manners, Lands and Tenements in the County of Carnarvon amounteth unto 423 l. 3 s. 4 d. ob.

The casual profits thereof 76 l. 19 s. 9 d. ob.

Summa totalis 500 l. 3 s. q.

The Farm and yearly Rents certain of the Lands,* 1.105 Manners and Tenements in the County of Anglesey 398 l. 19 s. 11 d. q.

The casual profits thereof 26 l. 10 s. 10 d.

Summa totalis 425 l. 10 s. 9 d. q.

The Farm and yearly Rent, certain of the Manners,* 1.106 Lands and Tenements in the Coun∣ty of Merioneth 202 l. 9 s. ob. q.

The casual profits 60 l. 16 s. 10 d.

Summa totalis 263 l. 5 s. 10 d. ob. q.

Summa totalis of North Wales 1138 l. 19 s. 8 d. q.

South Wales.

The Farm and Rents, certain of the County of Cardigan amounted to 213 l 2 s. 2 d.

The casual profits thereof 86 l. 9 s. 2 d.

Summa totalis 299 l. 11 s. 4 d.

The Farm and Rents certain of the County of Caermarthen amounteth to 185 l. 6 s. 3 d. ob.

The casual profits 180 l. 11 s. 7 d.

Summa totalis 376 l. 17 s. 10 d. ob.

The yearly sum total, being cast up together, amounteth to 1865 l. 8 s. 10 d. ob. q.

The charges above specified, and other, issuing all manner of wayes out of the same re∣venues, amount to 530 l. 6 s. 7 d.

Which being deducted out of the former total sum of 1865 l. 8 s. 10 d. ob. q. there doth rest clear the yearly sum of 1335 l. 2 s. 3 d. ob q.

Whereby may be observed, that the Revenues of the principality of Wales, which in the time of Prince Edw. called the Black Prince, about 300 years ago, without deductions amounted to 4681 l. 12 s. 5 d. q. is now worn and wasted to the sum of 1865 l. 8 s. 10 d. ob q. and with the ordinary deductions and reprizes taken out of it at this present in charges, fees to Officers, and other Reprizes, is brought to the sum of 1335 l. 2 s. 3 d. ob q.

Which small sum also (as the Revenue was to Queen Eliz.) was much lessened, for that a greater sum in the whole amounting yearly to 1789 l. 13 s. 2 d. which did partly arise by reason of the allowance of the diet of the councel of the Marches, being yearly 1106 l. 13 s. 4. the fees of the Barons of the Exchequer in Wales, the Auditors fees, Woodwarps fees, Receivers fees, Surveyers fees, and for the portage of money, was charged as well upon this Revenue of the Prince, as upon other Lands or Revenues belong∣ing to the Crown within the several Counties of Wales.

Prince Henry.

* 1.107James King of Scotland (onely son and heir of Henry Stewart King of Scotland) the name of Stewart here first presenting it self as concerning the right of succession to the Crown of England, I think is convenient to shew unto my Readers out of Mr. Hollenshed the descent of that Noble, Antient and Regal Family, which hath much of the Welsh blood in it: Mackbelih, after he had obtained the Crown of Scotland by indirect means, fearing the posterity of Banquho, a Nobleman, whose children and off-spring the three wo∣men told should enjoy the Crown and sway the Regal Scepter, invited the father Banquho with his son Fleance to his Palace to supper, but caused certain of his wicked adherents and Ministers, treacherously to murther them before they entred his Court; which assascina∣tion fell too heavy upon the father, for there he lost his life; the son by the (Divine assi∣stance) escaped the massacre; and having intelligence by some private friends in the Pa∣lace, that his life was sought after, to avoid the further peril, he fled into Wales; where by reason of his carriage, proportion and Court-like behaviour, he found such courteous en∣tainment, that better he could not desire from the Prince, the Courtiers admire his gal∣lantry, the Ladies his person, his pleasing and charming behaviour, the Princes daughter is so ensnared with Cupids bewitching allurements, that she admits him privately into her most secret closet, where what hearts content they enjoyed, unseen by any but themselves, appeared openly to the world in a short time, by the encrease and exuberance of Her bel∣ly; in revenge whereof Fleance is slain, and the poor Lady kept in miserable condition, for having thus suffered her self to be deflowred by a stranger; at the last she was delive∣red of a son named Walter, who within a few years proved a man greater in courage & for∣titude, than any commonly was found, although he had no better bringing up (by his Grand-fathers command) than amongst the baser sort of people; howbeit, he shewed ever from his infancy, that there reigned in him a certain stoutness of stomack, ready to attempt high enterprises.

It chancing that falling out with one of his companions, after many taunting words which passed between them, the other to his reproach objected that he was a Bastard, and begotten out of lawful Wedlock; which so incensed him, that he slew him forthwith.

This sad accident forced him to leave Wales, and betake himself to Scotland, to seek some rising fortune there; where he happened into the company of certain Englishmen, which came thither with Queen Margaret, and behaved himself so soberly in all his actions, that within a while he grew into high esteem amongst them.

Not long after, by such means raising high esteem, he was sent with a great power of men into the Western Isles, and other places of the Realm, to free the same from the Tyranous and Injurious oppressions there,* 1.108 exercised by divers misgoverned persons; which enter∣prise, according to his Commission, he atchieved with such prudent policy and manhood, that immediately upon his return to the Court, he was made Lord Steward of Scotland; with assignment, to receive the Kings Rents and Duties out of all parts of the Realm.

This Walter Steward had a son named Allan Steward, who went after with Godfrey of Bulloin Duke of Loraine, and Robert Duke of Normandy,* 1.109 son to King William Conquerour into the Holy Land, at what time they with other Western Princes advanced thither, An. 1099.

Allan had issue Alexander Steward, that founded the Abbey of Pasley of St. Benedicts Order, who had issue Walter Steward,* 1.110 whose valour was notable in the battail of Largis.

This same Walter had issue two sons, the one named Alexander, who fought right valiant∣ly at the foresaid battail in defence of his father,* 1.111 and the other named Robert Steward got the lands of Terbowtoun, and married the heir of Cruckeistoun, from whom descended the Earles of Lenox and Dernly. Moreover the abovenamed Alexander that founded Pasley, had divers other sons, as John & Iames, &c. howbeit they took new sirnames by the names of those lands unto the which they succeeded. The abovenamed Iohn Steward, after the death of his brother Iames, married the heir of Bonkil, a virgin of great beauty, and had by her Walter Steward, that inherited the lands of Bonkil, Runfrew, Rothsay, Bute and Stewardrown, after that his father Iohn was slain at Fulkyrk.

He married Margery Bruce, daughter to K. Robert Bruse, by whom he had issue K. Robert the second of that name.

This Robert the second took to wife one Isabel Mure, a Damosel of excellent beauty, she was daughter to Sr. Adam Mure Knight, and brought forth issue three sons & three daughters, the eldest son called John Steward, and by some Robert, who succeded immediately after his fa∣fathers death in the Kingdom.

The second called Robert was made Earle of Fyfe and Mentrith, also he was created Duke of Albanie, and ruled the realm of Scotland under the name of Governour by the space of XV. years.

The third son named Alexander, was Earle of Buchquane and Lord of Bondzenot.* 1.112

The eldest daughter was married to James the son and heir of William Earle of Dowglas, the second daughter was maried to John Dunbar brother to George Dunbar Earle of March, and was made to his more honour Earle of Murray.

He got on her one only daughter that was married to the Dowglas, and so Dowglas came to be Earle of Murray. The third daughter was married to John Lyoun, that was made after∣ward Lord of Glammis.

Moreover the foresaid Robert, that was the first of the Stewards,* 1.113 which ware the crown of Scotland, married Eufamia daughter to the Earle of Ross, and had by her two sons, Walter E. of Athol, and David E. of Stratherne.

This Walter solicited Robert D. of Albanie to slay David Steward D. of Rothsay.

After that James the first was returned out of England,* 1.114 he did what he could to move him to put to death all the lineage of the said Duke, still being in hope after the dispatch of his Kinsmen to come to the crown himself, which hope moved him to procure his Nephew Robert Steward and Robert Graham his daughters son to murder K. James the I. also for the which crime the said Walter was convicted and destroyed with all his sons.

His brother David Earle of Buchquane died without issue, and so the lands of both those brethren returned again to the crown, without any memory of their blood.

Sir Robert Steward Duke of Albanie married the E. of Lenox daughter, and had by her 3 sons Walter, Alexander, and James.

Duke Murdo himself with his first two sons were slain at Striveling, by K. James I. and the third brother James in revenge thereof, burnt Durbertane, and was after chased into Ire∣land, where he deceased without issue. Robert the third of that name, married Annabel Drommound, daughter of Sir John Drommound of Stobhal Knight, and had by her David and James, the first dyed in Faulkland, and the other attained the Crown, and was called James the first, and married the Lady Jane, daughter to John Beauford Earle of Somerset in England, he had by her two sons born at one birth, Alexander and James, the first died young, the second reigned, by the name James the second.

James the first had also 6 daughters,* 1.115 the eldest whereof was given in marriage to the Dolphin in France, the second to the Duke of Brittain, the third to the Lord Feir, the fourth to the Lord of Dalkeith; the fifth to the Earle of Hantley, and the sixt had no succession.

James the II. married Margaret daughter to the Duke of Gelderland, and begot on her three sons and two daughters.

The first succeeded him in the Kingdom and was called James the III. the second na∣med Alexander was Duke of Albanie, and married the Earle of Orkneys daughter, and had by her Alexander that was after Bishop of Murray, and then parting with her went into France, where he married the Countesse of Bullogne, and begot on her John Steward D. of Albany, who was Governour of Scotland many years in the minority of James V.

The 3 son John Steward was E. of Marr, whose chance was to be slain in the Cannogat in a Bath-fat.

The first daughter of James the second, was married to the Lord Boyd, who had by her

a son that was slain by the Lord Montgomery, and a daughter that was married to the Earle of Cassels.

After the death of the Lord Boyd she was married to the Lord Hamilton, and by that means was the house of Hamilton decorate with the Kings blood, which they have well re∣quited in the late transactions.

The other sister was married to the Lord Creichton.

James III. married Margaret daughter to the K. of Denmark, of which marriage was born James IV, Alexander, Bishop of St. Andrews and D. of Albanie, and John Steward E. of Marr, which two died without issue.

James the IV. married Margaret daughter to K. Henry VII of England, and by her had James the fifth, who marrying first the Lady Magdaline, daughter of Frances the French King had no issue by her; for that she dyed in the year next after her coming into Scotland: and then shortly after the said James the fifth married the Lady Mary de Lorayne, Dutchesse of Longuile, a widdow, and by her had he issue Mary Queen of Scotland, that took to husband Henry Darnely alias Steward, by whom she had issue Charles James, after King of England, on∣ly son as I said before, of Henry King of Scotland, and of Queen Mary his wife, Dowager of France and heir of Scotland, who married Anne daughter of Frederike the second King of Denmark, by whom he had Issue Henry Frederike, created Prince of Wales, at whose creati∣on

• Charles Duke of York.
• Sir Rab. Bartu Lord Willoughby of Earesby, after Earle of Lindsey, and General for K. Charles at Edgehil, and there slain.
• Sir William Compton, Lord Compton, after Earle of Northampton.
• Sir Grey Bridges, Lord Shandos.
• Sir Francis Norris, Lord Norris of Ricot, after E. of Berks.
• Sir Will. Cecil after Earle of Salisbury.
• Sir Allan Percy brother to Henry Earle of Northumberland.
• Sir Francis Mannors after Earle of Rutland.
• Sir Thomas Somerset brother to the Earle of Worcester, and Viscount Cassel after in Ireland.
• Sir Thom. Howard second son to the E. of Suffolk, after E. of Berks.
• Sir John Harrington, son to John Lord Harrington of Exton.

Prince Charles.

Charles Duke of Albanie, Marquesse of Ormond, Earle of Roth, and Lord of Ardmanoch the third son of James King of great Brittain, was created Duke of York at Whitehal on Tueseday the sixt of January 1604. and after on the 4 of November 1616. he was likewise at Whitehal created Prince of Wales, Earle of Chester, &c. at whose Creation these Knights of the Bath were made.

• James Lord Matravers, eldest son to Thomas Earle of Arundel.
• Algernon Lord Percy, after Earle of Northumberland.
• James Lord Writchesly, eldest son to the Earle of Southampton, Kt.
• Theophilus Lord Clinton, after Earle of Lincolne.
• Edward Seymore L. Beauchamp, grandchild to the Earle of Hertford.
• George Lord Berckley, after Lord Berckley.
• Henry Lord Mordant, after Earle of Peterborough.
• The Earle of Mar his eldest son, after Lord Fenton.
• Sir Henry Howard, after Lord Matravers, &c.
• Sir Robert Howard, fift son to the Earle of Suffolk.
• Sir Edward Sackvile, after Earle of Dorset.
• Sir William Howard, sixt son to the Earle of Suffolk.
• Sir Edward Howard, seventh son to the said Earle, after Lord Escricke in Yorkshire.
• Sir VVilliam Seymor second son to the Lord Beauchampe, after Earle of Hertford.
• Sir Montague Bartu, son to Robert Earle of Lindsey, and after Lord VVilloughby and Earle, &c.
• Sir VVilliam Sturton, son to the Lord Sturton.
• Sir William Parker, after Lord Morley and Monteagle.
• Sir Dudley North, after Lord Morth.
• Sir Spencer Compton, after Earle of Northampton.
• Sir William Spencer, after Lord Spencer.
• Sir Rowland St. John, brother to Oliver Earle of Bullingbrook.
• Sir John Cavendish, second son to William Earle of Devon.
• Sir Thomas Nevel son to Henry Lord of Abergavenny.

• Sir John Roper, after Lord Tenham.
• Sir John North brother to the Lord North.
• Sir Henry Cary Viscount Faulkland.

Prince Charles.

This Prince had the title of Prince of Wales, but not the Investure and Creation as had his father and Uncle; a thing formerly practised, as before is shewed, and is also of the Welsh blood, though born in England, by the line of King James, from the Stewards whose ori∣ginal came out of Wales, from Henry VII. who descended from Owen Tewdor, ut ante, who descended from Blethin King of Powis, Gruffith ap Conan King of Northwales, Jestin Lord of Glamorgan, Meyric King of Gwent, Cadeth King of Southwales, Anarawd King of North∣wales, and from Cadwalader last King of the Brittains thus, Henry the seventh married Elizabeth eldest daughter to King Edward the IV. who was son of Richard Plantagenes, Duke of York, descended from Richard Plantagenet of Conesbourgh Earle of Cambridge, by Anne his wife, sister and co-heir of Edmund Mortimer the fift Earle of March, who was son and heir of Rog. Mortimer fourth E. of March, who succeeded Edmund Montimer the third Earle of March, who was heir unto Roger Mortimer Grandchild to Roger Mortimer first Earle of March, and son to Edmund Mortimer Lord of Wigmore, who died in the Castle of Ludlow, and was buried in the Abbey of Wigmore, whose Father was

Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore, who was created the first Earl of the Marches of Wales, in the second year of King Edward III. at a Parliament held at Salisbury, &c. he was son to

Edmund Mortimer Lord of Wigmore, who was son to

Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore (and by right of inheritance Prince of Wales) for he was son to

Ralph Lord Mortimer of Wigmore and Gladys, his wife, who was daughter and heir (her brother David being dead) to Lhewelin ap Iorwerth, Prince of Northwales, from this Gladys, her brother being dead sans Issue, as I said, thus descendeth from Cadwalader Gladys daugh∣ter and heir to Lhewelyn, who was the son of Iorwerth, the son of Owen Gwineth, the son to Gruffith, the son to Conan, the son to Iago, the son to Edwal, the son to Meyric, the son of Edwal Voel, the son of Anarawd, the son of Rodery Mawr, the son of Esylht, the daughter and sole heir of Conan Tindaythwy, the son of Roderick Molwynoc, the son of Edwal Ywrich, the son of Cadwalader the last King of the Brittains; what transactions have happened while this prince had the stile of that Principality. I will forbear to speak or relate in this place and only give you a copy of the Charter used at the Creation of the Princes of Wales.

Here should have been the Picture

The Kings Charter for the Creating of the Princes of Wales.

HENRY by the grace of God King of England and of France, Lord of Ireland, &c. To all Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Dukes, Earles, Barons, Iustices, Viscounts, Governours, Ministers, and to all our Bayliffs and Faithful subjects Greeting, out of the excellency of Royal preheminence, like as beames from the Sun, so do inferiour honours proceed, neither doth the inte∣grity of Royal lustre and brightnesse by the natural disposition of light affording light from light, feel any losse or detriment by such borrowed light, yea the royal scepter is also much the more extol∣led and regal throne exalted, by how much the more Nobles Preheminencies and Honors are under the power and command thereof.

And this worthy consideration allureth and induceth us which desire the encrease of the name and honour of our first begotten and best beloved son Edward, in whom we behold and see our selves to be honoured, and our royal house also, and our people subject to us, hoping by the grace of God (by conjecture taken of his gracious future proceedings) to be the more honourably strengthened, that we may with honour prevent and with abundant grace prosecute him, who in reputation of us is deemed the same person with us, wherefore by Councel and consent of the Prelates, Dukes, Earles, Viscounts, and Barons of our Kingdom, being in our present Parliament, we have made and cre∣ated, and by these presents make and create him the said Edward, Prince of Wales and Earle of Chester, and unto the said Edward we give and grant, and by this Charter-have confirmed the Name, Stile, Title, State, Dignity and honour of the said Principality and County. And him of the said Principality and County, that be may therein, in governing, rule, and in ruling di∣rect and defend, we by a Garland upon his head, by a ring of gold upon his finger, and a verge of Gold, have according unto the manner invested him, To have and to hold the same unto him and his heirs, the Kings of England for ever, wherefore we will and straitly command for us and our heirs that Edward our son aforesaid, shall have the name, stile, title, state, dignity and honour of the principality of Wales and county of Chester aforesaid, unto him and his heirs the Kings of England aforesaid for ever, these being witnesses, the reverend Fathers John Cardinal and

Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, our Chancellour, and William Archbi∣shop of York Primate of England, Thomas Bishop of London, John Bishop of Lincolne, Wil∣liam Bishop of Norwich; our most well beloved Cosens Richard Duke of York, Humphry Duke of Buckingham, our well beloved Cosens, Richard Earle of VVarwick, Richard Earle of Salisbury, John Earle of Wiltshire; and our beloved and faithful Ralph Cromwel Cham∣berlain of our house, VVilliam Faulconbridge and John Stourton Knights. Dated at our Pal∣lace at VVestminster the 15 day of March, in the year of our reign 32.

By the King himself, and his Councel.

Things required unto the Creation of the Prince of Wales.

First, an honourable habit, viz. a Robe of purple Velvet, having in it about 18 elles, more or lesse, garnished about with a fringe of gold, and lined with Ermines.

A Surcote or Inner garment having in it about 14 elles of Velvet of like colour, fringe and fur.

Laces, Buttons and Tassells (as they call them) ornaments made of purple silk and gold.

A girdle of silk also to gird his inner gown.

A sword with a scabbord made of purple silk and gold, garnished with the like girdle he is girt withal, thereby shewing himself to be Duke of Cornwal by birth and not by Creation.

A cap of the same Velvet that his robe is of, furred with Ermines, with laces and a button the tassels on the crown thereof made of Ʋenice gold.

A garland or a little coronet of gold to be put on his head together with his cap.

A long golden verge or rod, betokening his government, a ring of gold also to be put on the third finger of his left hand, whereby he declareth his marriage made with Equity and Justice.

All these things were almost with royal sumptuousness prepared for Edward son to King Henry VIII. to have been created Prince of Wales, but prevented by his fathers death, he was crowned King, sixt of that name, yet the forme with the rights and ceremonies belong∣ing to the investing of the Prince into the Principality of Wales you may perceive by what is above set down.

Notes

• * 1.1

  A help to En∣glish History fol. 263.
• * 1.2

  The remnant of the Welsh, foyle the English.
• * 1.3

  Madoc victori∣ous against the Lord Strange of Knooking and the Marchers.
• * 1.4

  Hol. p. 863.
• * 1.5

  Mr. Mills ut ante.
• * 1.6

  Sr. John Do∣dridge fol. 6.
• * 1.7

  Ex. harta cre∣ationis in Par∣liamento. a. 15. Ed. 3.
• * 1.8

  The large li∣berties and priviledges of the Prince of Wales.
• * 1.9

  Sr. John Do∣dridge his o∣pinion con∣cerning a dif∣ficulty.
• * 1.10

  Mr. Mills fol. 315.
• * 1.11

  Sr. John Do∣dridge fol. 15.
• * 1.12

  Sr. John Do∣dridge fol. 17.
• * 1.13

  Mr. Lhoyd fol. 385.
• * 1.14

  The Welsh e∣ver addicted to believe prophesies.
• * 1.15

  A caveat for Mr. Pugh, and such as are over credulous in prophesies.
• * 1.16

  Cruel Lawes against the Welsh.
• * 1.17

  A law more cruel then that Julian the Apostate.
• * 1.18

  His Creation.
• * 1.19

  Sr. J. Dodridge
• * 1.20

  The K. to have the revenues till the P. ac∣complish the age of 14:
• * 1.21

  Ex Charta Re∣gia dat. In Scaccaria penes Reme∣mor Thesaur. remo∣••te.
• * 1.22

  In Chartes l. 35. H. 6 part 2. a Privy Coun∣cellors ap∣pointed to the Prince.
• * 1.23

  In Chartes pat. 35. H. 6. pars 2.
• * 1.24

  11 Ed. 4 pars 1. memb. 1.
• * 1.25

  Sr. J. Dodridge fol. 25.
• * 1.26

  Dulce ven∣num regnum.
• * 1.27

  Vindex nocen∣tes sequitur a tergo Deus.
• * 1.28

  Ed. v. upon his return to England.
• * 1.29

  Inter warr. ad magnum sigil∣lum in Cancel∣laria. Henricus rosas
• * 1.30

  The King of England from the Welsh blood first thus.
• * 1.31

  Dodridge fol. 28.
• * 1.32

  Inter war. ad magnum sigil∣lvm in Cancel∣laria.
• * 1.33

  A Councel as∣signed the P.
• * 1.34

  Mr. Lhoyd fol. 391.
• * 1.35

  The bondage of Hen. IV. ta∣ken from the Welsh by Hen. VII.
• * 1.36

  Owen Tuder descended from the K. of England.
• * 1.37

  Charta creati∣onis P. Wal.
• * 1.38

  Mr. Lhoyd fol. 393.
• * 1.39

  Mr. Lhoyd fol. 394.
• * 1.40

  3. Ed. 3. ••9. & in le novel prin. 63. a 7. Hen. 35, 6.
• * 1.41

  Ministers ac∣compts 18. H 7.
• * 1.42

  19. H 6. 12. b. 21. H. 7. 33. a.
• * 1.43

  A noble poli∣cy of William Conq. good for himself, but destru∣ctive to the Welsh.
• * 1.44

  Another poli∣cy.
• * 1.45

  The Original of the Baro∣nies Marchers
• * 1.46

  Sr. J. Dod. fol. 38. 13 Fitzh. Jur. 23 47 Ed. 1. 5, 6, 7 6 H. 5. Fitzh. Juris 34 7 H. 6. 35. 36. 30. b 6. 6. b
• * 1.47

  Wales annex∣ed to England & the English laws brought into Wales.
• * 1.48

  Welsh lawes abrogated.
• * 1.49

  Peradventure the annexion of Scotland was meant.
• * 1.50

  Judge Dod. fol 40. Statutum de 24. b. 8. cap. 26
• * 1.51

  The Marches divided be∣twixt the Welsh and En∣glish Shires.
• * 1.52

  Monmoth made an En∣glish Shire.
• * 1.53

  Stat. 27. H. 8. cap. 26.
• * 1.54

  Stat. 276. cap 26.
• * 1.55

  Circuits 34. H 8. cap. 26. Stat
• * 1.56

  Justice.
• * 1.57

  Stat. 18. Eliz. cap. 8.
• * 1.58

  Writt either Judicial or Original.
• * 1.59

  The great ses∣sions.
• * 1.60

  Adjournments.
• * 1.61

  34. H 8 cap. 26. •• 33 Pet••y Sessions.
• * 1.62

  Protonotary Cl••rk of the Crown.
• * 1.63

  There is a Marshal.
• * 1.64

  What a Ju∣stice of peace.
• * 1.65

  8. Justices onely allowed in every County of Wales.
• * 1.66

  Sr. John Dod, fol. 49.
• * 1.67

  Why the Tourne Court so called.
• * 1.68

  The County Court deri∣ved from Ju∣stice Commu∣nicative.
• * 1.69

  Escheator, why so called
• * 1.70

  Escheator, 34 Hen. 8. cap. 16.
• * 1.71

  Coroners, why so called
• * 1.72

  The Goal.
• * 1.73

  Quare who succeeded.
• * 1.74

  The Jurisdi∣ction of the Councel of the Marches of Wales, Statutum 34. H. 8. cap. 26.
• * 1.75

  Sr. John Dod∣ridge, fol. 54.
• * 1.76

  Chamber∣lain. Auditor.
• * 1.77

  Countroul∣ler. Atturney.
• * 1.78

  Surveyor.
• * 1.79

  Constable.
• * 1.80

  Captain.
• * 1.81

  Souldiers.
• * 1.82

  Porter. Constable.
• * 1.83

  Captain.
• * 1.84

  Souldiers.
• * 1.85

  Porter. Constable.
• * 1.86

  Souldiers.
• * 1.87

  Constable. Captain.
• * 1.88

  Porter. Forrester.
• * 1.89

  Exchequer.
• * 1.90

  Justice.
• * 1.91

  Auditor.
• * 1.92

  Atturney. Constable. Sheriff. Steward.
• * 1.93

  Steward. Penkeys. Steward. Clerk. Bailiff. Bailiff. Constable. Sheriff. Clerk.
• * 1.94

  Cryer.
• * 1.95

  Clerk. Steward. Clerk.
• * 1.96

  Bailiff. Bailiff. Captain.
• * 1.97

  Escheator.
• * 1.98

  Clerk.
• * 1.99

  Exchequer.
• * 1.100

  The Coun∣cel. Governour.
• * 1.101

  Chamber∣lain. 21 Edw. 1. pat. part 2.
• * 1.102

  The Attur∣ney. 11 Edw. 4. pat. part 1. Clerk.
• * 1.103

  Carnarvon Shire.
• * 1.104

  Caermarthen Shire.
• * 1.105

  The County of Anglesey.
• * 1.106

  Merioneth.
• * 1.107

  Mr. Holl. pag. 247.
• * 1.108

  Walter made Steward of Scotland.
• * 1.109

  Alan Steward.
• * 1.110

  Alex. Steward. Walter Ste∣ward.
• * 1.111

  Alexander and Robert bro∣thers, from whence the Earles of Ié∣nox and Dern∣ly.

  John & James Walter inhe∣tor of Bonkil. The Crown of Scotland, comes to the family of the Stewards.

  John Steward alias Robert Rex.

  Duke of Al∣banie.
• * 1.112

  The Earle of Buckquane a Steward.
• * 1.113

  The Earle of Athol and Stratherne Stewards.
• * 1.114

  Nec lex est justior ulla. Quam necis artifices arte perire sua.
• * 1.115

  James the 1. his issue.