A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

CHAP. LXVIII. Of a Mania, or Madness.

THE Mania, * 1.1 or Madness hath much affinity with Melancholy, and degenerates into Madness, as the Atribilarian Humor groweth more exalted, and mixed with acide Recrements, it is turned into a Maniack disposi∣tion, and the Vital Spirits being highly enflamed, do enrage the Animal, pro∣ductive of Madness, which attendeth Melancholy, as the flame is ushered in by Smoak.

This Disease may be defined, * 1.2 a Delirium, or depravation of the Imagina∣tion and Reason (without Fear and Sadness, the attendants of Melancholy) with fury, boldness, and great clamors, and rantings, derived from saline, sul∣phureous Particles, arising first out of the Blood, and afterward imparted to the Animal Liquor and Spirits.

Some Physicians suppose Madness to be an elevated Melancholy, * 1.3 as the saline sulphureous Particles, of the Atrabilarian Humor, are only more exalt∣ed, producing more symptomes of Rage, boldness, horrid out-crys, &c. But I humbly conceive, this Disease doth not differ gradually, but specifically, as coming from various causes, and accompanied with higher symptomes, by reason Melancholy is accompanied with Fear and Sorrow, and Madness with Fury and Boldness, flowing from nitro-sulphureous parts of the vital Liquor, making a hot Fermentative disposition of the nervous Juyce, enraging the Animal Spirits.

The subject of this Disease is the fibrous Compage of the Brain, * 1.4 composed of numerous Fibrils, containing the nervous Liquor (generated of albumi∣nous parts of the Blood) the subject and vehicle of the Animal Spirits, which move between the Filaments of minute Nerves, in a great hurry, and most irregular manner.

The turbulent symptomes of this furious malady, * 1.5 is a depravation of the phancy and intellect, importuned with storms of impetuous Thoughts, ex∣pressed in furious Language, and ranting Gestures, of tearing Cloaths, bi∣ting the Tongue, and offering violent hands to themselves.

These horrid Signs, * 1.6 arising out of the ill tone of the Animal Spirits, Dr. Willis illustrates by Mineral Waters, Cap. 12. De Mania, Pag. 345.

Primo Aquae Stygiae particulae smmme agiles, & irrequietae in motu perpetuo ex∣istunt, hinc ut effluvia aliis decedentia nares continuo feriant, at{que} liquor e vase effusus corporibus quibusq, aliis occurrens, valde effervescat, eorum{que} poros & meatus penetrat; cujus ratio est, quod particulae salinae sulphureis Conjunctae, seinvicem exagitant cum{que} nullis alias generis cohaerent; pariter opinari licet Spi∣ritus Animales e sanguine uberiori, & quasi nitro sulphureo extillatos, insigni mo∣bilitate five inquietudine praeditos esse, qui proinde e cerebri meditullio quaquaver∣sus tum in ambitum ejus, tum in systema nervosum expansi, indeque perpetim re∣reflexi, phantasmata efferata, & fere nunquam interrupta, at{que} functionis tam sensitivae, tum locomotivae inordinationes maximas, & perpetuas producunt.

The steams exhaling out of the nitrous Spirits of Mineral Liquors, do not arise out of free, and open Pores, but do form new Meatus, and perforate Bo∣dies upon which they have an influx, and render them feeble, and turn them

into innumerable Atomes, which is most evident in the solution of Metals, caused by proper Menstrua, impregnated with nitrous and vitriolick Salts, which emit innumerable restless Effluvia, making troublesome Appulses up∣on the nervous Fibrils, seated in the inward Membrane, encircling the inside of the Nostrils; and somewhat in a Maniack Disease, the disposition of the Animal Spirits (being infected with the steams and ill Liquor of the Blood) are rendred very impetuous in their motion, making many new Tracts in the Brain between the nervous Fibrils, receding from the common road of the Animal Spirits; whereupon they wander and produce absurd Concepti∣ons in the understanding and phancy, and make incongruous enunciations, by compounding things present with things past and to come, and confound∣ing right notions by their disorderly conjunction, with opposite and contra∣ry sentiments.

And it may be observed, that many vaporous minute Atomes, arising out of nitro-sulphureous Spirits, do not confine themselves within narrow bounds, (as steams ascending out of acide Liquors) but do diffuse themselves every way at a distance, which may be easily experimented, when Spirit of Nitre is embodied with Butire of Antimony; whereupon the whole room may be infected with a Black Fume, arising out of those stygian Liquors; or when Aqua-fortis, or Spirit of Nitre doth ascend out of the Alembick, a most sharp vapour being diffused from thence, doth affect the Nostrils and Lungs seated at a distance, which happens by the various Particles of fluide Salt, and fierce Sulphure, espousing each other, which do exalt these different Ele∣ments, and promote their activity at a distance, by making them to expati∣ate themselves to a remote Sphaere, in which they briskly exert their ope∣rations,

After the same method the Animal Spirits seem to deport themselves in Mad persons, as Dr. Willis hath observed; * 1.7 Pari equidem modo circa Spiritus Animales in Maniacis habere videtur, qui siquidem ejusdem, ac aquae stygiae in∣dolis fuerint, idcirco tum cerebri Compagem, tum appendicem citissime trajicientes, aflectos non tantum furiosos, sed velut Daenioniacos efficiunt; adeo ut metu aut languore quo{que} immunes quodvis audaciter aggrediantur, sese intrepidos objiciunt, etiam ob prodigiosas Spirituum exertiones robore immani polleant, vincula & Ca∣tenas saepe disrumpant, at{que} viros fortissimos iis obstantes, & coercere nitentes si∣••ul plures debellent.

Whereupon the Animal Spirits, may seem in mad people, * 1.8 to resemble the steams arising out of the nitro-sulphureous Particles of Mineral Liquors, as they are of a fierce restless Nature, passing every way through the Intersti∣ces of the Compage of nervous Filaments, seated in the Brain, highly dis∣ordering its Oeconomy, in reference to the higher and lower operations of rational, sensitive, and locomotive Faculty too, placed at a distance from the Brain, by reason the Nerves are greatly discomposed in the muscular parts of the Body, caused by the enraged Animal Liquor and Spirits.

The continent or immediate cause of Madness, * 1.9 may be conceived to come not so much from adust Choler (consisting much of sulphureous Particles, af∣flicting the Brain as in Melancholy) but from saline Particles, rendred flu∣ide, and combining with ill tempered oily Particles of the Blood, resembling a kind of Arsenick Sulphure, depraving the nervous Liquor, and enraging the Animal Spirits.

But a scruple may be made how these acide Humors (mixed with malig∣nant Sulphure) can be generated in the Body, to which it may be replyed, that highly acrimonious Recrements may be in confaederacy with the Blood

in Cacheotick Habits, as I have often seen in persons committed to my care, a a Physician, * 1.10 particularly in a person of Honour, who frequently vomited a quantity of acide Humors, and in a Doctor of Physick, who was perpe∣tually afflicted with violent pains of his Limbs, proceeding from acide saline Particles of the Blood, which appeared in a great proportion of sower sali∣val Liquor, flowing out of the Oral Glands, which vitiated the masticated Aliment, and spoiled the Chyle of the Stomach; these ill conditioned Recre∣ments do often infect the nervous Liquor, and produce Apostemes, foul and malignant Ulcers, which are found in the parotide, axillary, and inguinal Glands; and by reason the putrid Humors of these ulcered parts, are thin and watry, * 1.11 it is manifest they take much of their rise from the acide Recre∣ments of the Blood, vitiating the Succus nervosus (having recourse to the said Glands, the Colatories of it) which often degenerates in Scorbutick Constitutions, into a faetide corrosive Humor, which sometime proveth can∣crous: And the reason seemeth plain; because the nervous Liquor is impreg∣nated with numerous Particles of volatil Salt, which being depraved, hath its more refined Atomes depressed, as confaederated with the more fixed, saline, and serous parts of the Blood, vitiating the genuine temper of the nervous Liquor (in its first production) whose volatil parts being gone, as be∣coming fixed, do easily degenerate into a Fluor, and being accompanied with sulphureous Atomes, do make a corrosive Liquor (not much unlike Mineral Water) which being of a Septick nature, doth generate foul, stru∣mous, and cancerous Ulcers in the Emunctories of the Body, and in the Glands of the Tongue, Palate, and Breasts of Women, and other parts.

This depraved nervous Liquor (productive of Apostemes, * 1.12 Ulcers, and Cancers in the Glandulous and nervous parts) may be reasonably appre∣hended to vitiate the purity of the Animal Spirits, residing in the nervous Liquor, as their subject and vehicle, which being endued with a hot sulphu∣reous, and acide corrosive nature, may be conceived to destroy the finer parts of the Animal Spirits (the Ministers of the Faculties of Reason and Sense) and beget a Maniack disposition of the Brain, perverting the Oeco∣nomy of the Brain, in reference to its different operations, attended with ra∣ging passions, screeches, and out-cries, and unseemly gestures, and motions of the Limbs.

This Disease taketh its rise, * 1.13 either immediately from the Animal Liquor and Spirits, the chief instruments of the Soul, in producing its nobler, and meaner acts of Reason and Sense; or more remotely from the Blood, as the Materia substrata of the Succus nervosus.

A Madness (arising out of the Animal Spirits) either proceedeth from an evident cause, * 1.14 as some extravagant passion, or from an ill affection of the Brain, caused by a Phrensy or Melancholy; whereupon a Madness often succeed∣eth.

A violent passion doth highly influence the Brain, * 1.15 and enrage the ner∣vous Juyce and Animal Spirits (as its more refined and spirituous particles) by rendring the nervous Liquor and its Spirits highly fermentative, restless, and disorderly in wandring motions, confounding the regular operations of the Brain, accompanied with a Raging, a Delirium, and other horrid Symp∣tomes, occasioned by immoderate Anger, great Disgrace, or Shame, or high passi∣on of Love, breach of Vows, or scruples of Conscience, which highly discom∣posing the peace of the Soul, do generate a Maniack distemper of the Brain; wherein the Spirituous parts of the nervous Liquor being debased, the saline parts are exalted and brought to a Fluor, and being espoused to sulphureous

Particles derived from the Blood, do weaken the Compage of the Brain, and render the Animal Spirits fierce and unquiet, making new Meatus and pas∣sages, by over-much expanding the Interstices of the nervous Filaments, and causing inordinate motions, do produce delirous Phantasmes, which being offered to the understanding, do form unreasonable conceptions.

Sometimes the Animal Spirits are too much exalted, * 1.16 by great appre∣hensions of our own perfections, and the too low esteems of others; or when Men unreasonably court Honours, or when they are Masters of them, are highly puffed up, to the great unquiet and disturbance of their Minds; whereupon the nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits, are put into a great agi∣tation and ferment, and at last acted with a Maniack affection.

Othertimes this Disease succeedeth Melancholy, and the Phrensy, * 1.17 which have before indisposed the Brain, and rendred it liable to Madness; in the First being very high, the Succus nervosus, and its most spirituous Particles degenerate into an acide disposition, which entring into fellowship with sul∣phureous Recrements (coming from the Blood) do produce so fierce a tem∣per in the Animal Spirits, that they generate a Mania.

A Phrensy is more akin to this Disease then Melancholy, as it is accompa∣nied with boldness and fury, so that a Phrenitis is easily turned into a Mania, * 1.18 as the Brain is clogged with a fiery temper arising out of nitrous and sulphu∣reous Particles, affecting the Succus nervosus, and its more active Particles, which being hurried in the fibrous Compage of the Brain, do expand the In∣tetstices of the nervous Filaments, and make new and wandring passages in them; whereupon the Animal Spirits ranting in various progresses through the territories of the Brain, make a Maniack Delirium, and confound the acts of Reason and Imagination, commonly called Madness.

This Disease most commonly borroweth its first rise from an ill mass of Blood, in a great part, vitiated with gross sulphureous Recrements, * 1.19 some∣times caused by the ill tone of the Hepatick Glands, not secerning the bili∣ous from the more laudable parts of Blood, produced sometimes by its grossness, and by the straightness of the excretory Ducts of the Liver, and othertimes by the obstruction or narrowness of the Meatus Cysticus, and Choledochus, whereby the Bile cannot be discharged into the Intestines, so that it is forced to regurgitate into the Extremities of the Vena Cava, and is thence carried with the Blood through the Right Ventricle of the Heart, Lungs, and Left Chamber of the Heart, and afterward through the common ascendent Trunk, and Carotide Arteries, into the Cortex of the Brain, where∣in the Albuminous parts of the Blood being infected with sulphureous and nitrous Particles, do spoil the nervous Liquor and Spirits, producing a furi∣ous, mad temper in the Brain.

And the acide Particles (discomposing the Succus nervosus, * 1.20 and its more active parts in the production of Madness) may claim in some part their Origen from an ill affected Pancreas, whose numerous minute Glands having lost their due constitution, cannot make a separation of the Recrements of the Blood from its pure substance; or when the Origens of the excretory Vessels of the Glands, or the common Pancreatick Duct are obstructed by the grossness, or quantity of the pancreatick Juyce; whereupon it being not transmitted into the Intestines, is lodged sometimes in the Interstices of the Vessels, where it being composed of Heterogenous Particles, doth ferment, and acquire greater degrees of acidity, as being sometimes brought to a Fluor, and afterward a stay being made in the spaces of the Vessels (relating to the Glands) the pancreatick Juyce is mixed with the Blood, and carried by lesser

Veins into the greater channel of the Cava, and by other Veins and Arteries, in∣to the ambient parts of the Brain, wherein the Christalline parts of the Blood (as the Materia substrata of nervous Liquor) being debased by acide, saline, and sulphureous Particles, doth spoil the goodness and aeconomy of the Animal Spirits, by giving them a high agitation, and tumultuary motion in the fibrous frame of the Brain, causing a furious disposition, attended with great fierceness, boldness, clamor, &c.

The Disease is hereditary in diverse Families, * 1.21 who enjoy a regular use of their Reason and Imagination for many years, and afterward are afflicted with the dreadful Malady of Madness, which proceedeth at such a time from the due crasis of the Blood perverted, and degenerating into a nitro-sulphu∣reous disposition, enraging the Animal Spirits, and putting them into a high disorder, in reference to a violent and unnatural motion.

And the reason of this hereditary Madness (propagated from Parents to Children by way of Generation) taketh its rise from the seminal Principle, * 1.22 tainted with a Maniack affection, which oftentimes exerteth it self after ma∣ny years; when the seeds of this Disease, bear Fruit, and come to maturi∣ty, as fomented by ill Diet, violent Passion, Envy, Pride, Ambition, or by some other severe accidents, or disappointments in a troublesome course of life.

This hereditary Madness is not always continued, but hath many lucid in∣tervals, and frequently returneth again at the change of the Moon, which is vulgarly called a Lunacy.

Sometimes Madness proceeds from an ill Diet, * 1.23 or from the suppression of accustomed evacuations, by the Haemorrhoides, Nostrils, or Uterus in Wo∣men; whereupon the Blood (depressed by saline and sulphureous Particles) being transmitted to the fibrous frame of the Brain, doth enrage the Animal Liquor and Spirits, and produce a Mania.

The Blood also being infected with a Venenate disposition, * 1.24 as in a Lican∣thropia, Hydrophobia, upon the biting of a Mad Dog, doth cause Madness, as the poisonous Miasmes are conveyed to the Blood, and raise a high Fer∣mentation in it; and afterward in the nervous Liquor, and its choice Spirits, which giveth them a turbulent motion through the Interstices of the nervous Filaments, confounding the true use of Reason and Imagination.

This Venenate affection lieth long in the Blood before it exerteth it self, * 1.25 as I have seen in one Dyer a Barber of Willington in Sussex, who being bit by a Mad-Dog, was well Three Months, and then fell sick of a violent Fever, attended with a raging Delirium, and a foaming Mouth, endeavouring to bite all that came near him, and afterward died, about the Fourteenth day of his sickness.

This venome infecting the Blood (caused by the biting of a Mad Dog) is mixed with the salival Liquor, * 1.26 and first carried into the Veins of the am∣bient parts of the Body, and then by greater and greater Channels, is com∣municated to the Heart and Lungs, and afterward by the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and Carotide Arteries, into the Cortical Glands of the Brain, where it infected the nervous Liquor and Spirits, lodged in the fibrous parts of the Brain; whereupon the Animal Faculties lost their due Oeconomy, and a ra∣ging Delirium ensued, destructive of Reason, Sense, and Life.

Having given an account of the Essence, and continent cause of this Di∣sease, it may not seem altogether amiss to speak somewhat of its symptomes, following it as so many attendants.

So that this Disease is not accompanied with the sneaking guards of Fear and Sorrow, as in Melancholy, but with Boldness and Courage, * 1.27 attempting any assault, though never so desperate, which proceedeth from the enraged Vital and Animal Spirits, acted with nitro-sulphureous Particles, which ren∣der the Blood highly fermentative and spirited, and put the Animal Spirits in∣to irregular motion; whereupon the Soul is so highly disordered, as if it would violently leap out of the confines of the Body, in which it seemeth to be imprisoned.

The active and fierce particles of the Blood put it into an extraor∣dinary motion and great effervescence, which highly acting the carnous Fibres of the Muscles, do render them vigorous and strong, able to encoun∣ter the great opposition of others, that endeavour to master Mad men, and bring them to obedience, when they are guilty of extravagant actions, offer∣ing violent hands to themselves and others, and give great disturbance to the Families where they live and converse.

It is also very remarkable, that Mad Men endure Labour and Travail, * 1.28 and great conflicts, without any manifest weariness, which is occasioned (as I humbly conceive) from the nature of Vital and Animal Spirits, which though they are impregnated with many volatil Particles, yet they are also debased too with nitro-saline fixed Atomes, which do confine the more subtle and spirituous parts of the Vital and Animal Liquor, not suffering them to eva∣porate and quit those noble Juyces; whereupon Mad Men, when exposed to long and laborious action, which is frequent with them, are not easily ti∣red, but will fight and struggle in high fury, to the wonder of the beholders.

This Disease often followeth Melancholy, * 1.29 and is produced by a great ebullition of Blood (rendring the Cortex of the Brain very dry) whence ari∣seth a great fierceness of the Vital Spirits, causing high boldness and fury:

A Citizen being first addicted to Melancholy, afterward fell into a violent Distraction and Madness, attended with Rage, which could not be appeased by the power of Art, and proper Medicines.

And after death the Skull being taken off, the Cortex of the Brain appear∣ed very dry, and of friable nature an Inch deep, where it was hued with Yellow, as tinged with bilious or sulphureous Particles of the Blood.

In this Malady the Brain is often tumefied, * 1.30 taking its rise from a great quantity of Black, torrefied blood, sometimes extravasated, and other times lodged in the Vessels, making them varicose, and knotty.

A Child complaining first of a great pain of his Head, * 1.31 afterward fell into a high distraction (howling like a Dog) and so continued till he died. And his Skull being removed, the Brain was very much swelled, and the Dura and Pia mater had their Vessels very turgid with Black Blood, which was also very much lodged in the Sinus, and torcular of the Brain; and in the more inward parts of it, were discovered a great many Red specks, co∣ming from Particles of extravasated Blood, and afterward the lower Regi∣on of the Brain being opened, a quantity of serous Recrements gushed out.

Other times Madness issueth from putrefaction of the Coats and substance of the Brain, (out of which arise sharp and fierce Humors, * 1.32 infesting the Ani∣mal Liquor and Spirits) which hath been observed in Dissections.

This Disease admitteth many descriminations, as being sometimes of a small continuance; othertimes lasting and habitual; sometimes continued, and other times hath lucid intervals, and is very various in reference to its several symptomes, and distractions.

As to the Prognosticks of this Disease, it is seldom mortal, but very dif∣ficult to be cured, by reason the Blood, and nervous Liquor are highly dis∣ordered with nitro-sulphureous Particles, which are hardly removed, and the Patients affected with this Malady, can scarcely be perswaded to take Medi∣cines, as being Enemies to themselves, as well as Physicians.

The Cure of Madness importeth as great a difficulty as advantage (often∣times successive to Melancholy and Phrensy) in which Three, * 1.33 the primary Indications do offer themselves; The First is Curative, relating to the Di∣sease, and consisteth in the reducing the exorbitancies of the Animal Spirits, to a due and regular motion.

The Second Indication is preservatory, * 1.34 and is referred to the causes of the Disease, to correct the nitro-sulphureous Particles of the Blood, enraging the Animal Liquor and Spirits.

The Third Indication is Vital, * 1.35 as it supporteth Strength and Life, and de∣noteth restorative and corroborating Medicines, and wholsome Diet, easy of digestion, as not being of too high a nourishment, which ever feed∣eth the Disease, rather then the Patient.

The Curatory Indication, * 1.36 is much assisted by the prudent conduct of Friends and Servants, giving good Council sometimes, and othertimes threats, blows, and bonds, which often awe the servile refractory temper of Mad Men, who else will not be governed in the taking of Aliment and Me∣dicines, and will not submit themselves, unless they be over-powred by force, to which they are as passive as Brutes, with whom they hold some Analogy, as destitute of Reason.

And nothing more reduceth this kind of Patients to a perfect understand∣ing, * 1.37 and perfect enjoyment of themselves, then by the severe Treatment of their Bodies; whereupon a high restraint rendreth them humble, and sub∣missive, whereby the arrogance and fierceness of Mad People being subdu∣ed, they return to themselves, in the regular exercise of their rational and sensitive Faculties.

As to a course in Physick, * 1.38 nothing is more beneficial then free Bleeding, which giveth an allay to the fierceness of it, by taking away its quantity and height, and abateth the tumultuary motion of the Blood, and Animal Spirits, through the fibrous Compage of the Brain; to this end an aper∣tion of Veins may be frequently celebrated (if it be consistent with strength) in the Arm, * 1.39 Neck, Veins of the Forehead, and above all (I conceive) the opening of the temporal Artery, may speak an advantage to the Patient in this Malady, as it letteth out some of the enraged mass of Blood, whose motion and fury is most eminent in the Artery; and by this operation, I have seen very good success in this Malady, as it evacuates some part of the hot furious Blood, that the rest may be the more easily contemperated by the ap∣plication of cooling Medicines.

Vomitories are very beneficial in this Disease, * 1.40 as it dependeth upon Blood, tainted with nitro-sulphureous Particles, often proceeding from the obstructi∣on of the Liver, Pancreas, and other Viscera, which are opened, in reference to their excretory Ducts, by the violent motion of the Stomach, drawing the Guts into consent; whereupon they violently contracting themselves up∣ward in an inverted peristaltick motion, do throw up Bile and acide Recre∣ments out of the Intestines into the Stomach, whereby the Blood being de∣purated, giveth less annoyance to the Head.

Take of an infusion of Crocus, or Sulphure of Antimony, prepared with some grains of Tartar, or some grains of White Hellibore, or Mercurius vi∣tae, given in some proper vehicle. Mercurial Medicines, * 1.41 (given with Pur∣gatives, or without) as of Calamelanos of it self, or quickned with some few grains of Turpeth Minerale, move a salivation, and often discharge an ha∣bitual Madness, by reason sometimes a great evacuation of salival Liquor coming of it self without the help of Art, doth cure a Maniack disposition.

Strong Purgatives do also speak a great advantage in order to the cure of this stubborn Malady, as they depress the height of the fierce Humors, * 1.42 and lessen the quantity of the saline, serous, and sulphureous parts of the Blood, and nervous Liquor (conjunct causes of this Disease) as the infu∣sion of Black Hellebore in White-wine and Water, prepared with Tartar, and Seeds of Caraway, or Coriander, as the Decoctum Sen. Gereonis, prepa∣red with Epithymum, Mechoacan, Turpeth, &c.

As also a Bolus of Extract of Helebore, with Calamelanos, &c. As also Pi∣lulae Coch. Min. Faetid. Major, hightened with some grains of the Trochichs of Ashandal, or Resin of Scammony, or Jalap.

The preservatory Indication, hath relation to the cause of this Disease, * 1.43 and doth much take off the nitrous and sulphureous parts of the Blood, and correct the Acrimony of the nervous Liquor, and irregular motion of the Animal Spirits.

A Mineral of Cristal, or Nitre well prepared; as also Spirit of Sulphure, * 1.44 or Vitriol, incrassating the thin and hot mass of Blood, and attempera∣ting the raging quality, are very beneficial in appeasing the violent motion of the Blood, and the nervous Liquor and Spirits.

Chalybeat Syrupes, Tinctures, Electuaries, mixed with cooling Medicines, * 1.45 do speak a great allay to the furious Blood, and extravagant motion of the Animal Liquor, and its more refined Particles, by drinking now and then a draught of Diet-drink, made with Sarza or China, in which the Flowers of Water-Lilies, Cowslips, or Lily of the Valley may be boiled, and it be∣ing strained, may be sweetned with Syrupe of Water-Lilies, or Lime-Flow∣ers, or Lily of the Valley.

Whey Clarified, prepared with the Flowers of Water-Lilies, Betony, * 1.46 Cowslips, &c. may be given for an ordinary drink in this case; As also Emulsions prepared with the cooling Seeds, White Poppy, blanched Al∣monds, &c. may be of great use.

Decoctions of the tops of Borage, Bugloss, fragrant Apples, * 1.47 the shavings of Ivory, the Flowers of Borage, Violets, Cowslips, Water-Lilies, &c. are very profitable; As also Apozemes of Pimpernel, (having a Blew Flower) St. Johns-wort, &c.

Electuaries also prepared with Conserves of Flowers of Water-Lilies, * 1.48 Lily of the Valley, Cowslips, cooling Seeds powdered, as Powder of Haley, &c. made up with Syrupe of Water-Lillies, drinking immediately after it, a draught of cooling, or specifique Apozeme.

The vital Indication hath a regard to the preservation of Strength, * 1.49 as the said Electuary; As also an Electuary made with Sage Flowers, Rosemary, Paeony, Cowslips, Water-Lilies, which contemperate the hot disposition of the Brain, and corroborate it.

After which, a draught may be taken immediately prepared with Flow∣ers of Betony, Rorismary, Sage, or Tey, and the like, sweetned with Sy∣rupe of Cowslips, or Water-Lilies.

In point of Diet, all strong and full nourishment is to be avoided, as keep∣ing the Blood high and enraged, wherefore it is more reasonable, to advise a thin Diet of Water-gruel, Barley-Cream, thin broth of a Chicken, Mutton, Veal, &c. * 1.50

And by reason Sleep is very requisite to compose the unquiet Animal Spi∣rits, gentle Hypnoticks may be advised, of Cowslips, or Red Poppy-water, or that of Lime-Flowers, or Lily of the Valley, with some Cinnamon-water (distilled with Barley) and Syrupe of Poppy.

In reference to Madness (proceeding from the biting of a Mad Dog, * 1.51 Wolfe, Viper, &c.) Cupping-glasses, with Scarifications, may be immedi∣ately applied to the wounded part, or Pidgeons, or any other Bird, opened in the middle, and administred to the part affected, do draw out the vene∣nate Humor (mixed with the salival Liquor) entring into the Extremities of the Veins, * 1.52 seated near the surface of the Body; Or Leeches may be applied to the wound, to suck out the infected Blood.

And afterward attractive Medicines may be used, * 1.53 made of Garlick, Pidge∣ons dung, Mustard-seed, mixed with Walnut Leaves, Salt, and Honey: As also Plaisters made of Pitch, Opoponax, &c.

And the most ready way to draw out poison in this case, is to apply an actual Cautery, and the burning being past, care is to be taken, that the crust be speedily taken off, to discharge the venom by an Ulcer, and if the Patient be so timerous as not to admit an actual Cautery, a potential may be used, as Escharoticks and the like, made of sublimated Mercury, and Praecipitate, and the Ulcer may be long kept open, lest some parts of the venom be re∣tained in the Body.

In this case a Vein cannot safely be opened, which weakeneth the Body, and not dischargeth the poison. And Purgatives cannot be advised, as draw∣ing the poison from the circumference to the Center, from the ambient parts to the Heart.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Madness is near akin to Melancholy.
• * 1.2

  The definition of Madness.
• * 1.3

  Madness sup∣posed to be an elevated Me∣lancholy.
• * 1.4

  The subject of Madness.
• * 1.5

  The symp∣tomes of Mad∣ness.
• * 1.6

  Symptomes of this Disease are illustrated by Mineral Waters.
• * 1.7

  The manner how the Ani∣mal Spirits move in mad persons.
• * 1.8

  The Animal Spirits in a Mania may seem to resemble the motion of Mi∣neral Waters.
• * 1.9

  The cause of Madness.
• * 1.10

  Acide Hu∣mors may be discharged by Vomiting.
• * 1.11

  Acide Recre∣ments of the Blood, vitiate the Succus nervosus.
• * 1.12

  A depraved nervous Li∣quor may be the cause of many diseases.
• * 1.13

  The rise of Madness.
• * 1.14

  Evident causes of Madness.
• * 1.15

  Violent passi∣ons may be the cause of Mad∣ness.
• * 1.16

  Pride the cause of Mad∣ness.
• * 1.17

  A Madness succeeding Melancholy or Phrensy.
• * 1.18

  The manner how Madness is generated.
• * 1.19

  Madness flow∣eth chiefly from an ill mass of Blood.
• * 1.20

  Madness co∣ming from an ill-affected Pancreas.
• * 1.21

  Madness is sometimes he∣reditary.
• * 1.22

  The cause of an hereditary Madness.
• * 1.23

  Madness may come from an ill Diet.
• * 1.24

  This Disease may be propa∣gated from the Venenate nature of Blood.
• * 1.25

  This Disease li••th long in a poisoned mass of Blood, Before it exerteth it self
• * 1.26

  The manner how the poi∣son flowing from the bi∣ting of a Mad Dog, is con∣veyed to the Heart.
• * 1.27

  The symp∣tomes of Madness. The aetiology of the symp∣tomes of this Disease.
• * 1.28

  Mad Men are highly patient of Labour.
• * 1.29

  The cause of rage in Mad∣ness from bi∣lious Particles of Blood. An Instance of this case.
• * 1.30

  The Brain is often swelled in Madness.
• * 1.31

  An example of a tumefied Brain in a Mania.
• * 1.32

  Madness co∣ming from the putrefaction of the Coats and substance of the Brain. The diffe∣rence of Mad∣ness.
• * 1.33

  The Indicati∣ons. First, is the Curative.
• * 1.34

  The Second is Preserva∣tory.
• * 1.35

  The Third is Vital.
• * 1.36

  The means advised in the Curatory In∣dication.
• * 1.37

  Severity is very powerful in the cure of Madness.
• * 1.38

  Free Bleeding is very proper in Madness.
• * 1.39

  The opening of the Tem∣poral Artery is very good in this Di∣sease.
• * 1.40

  Vomitortes are very ad∣vantageous in Madness.
• * 1.41

  Mercurial Me∣dicines often prove success∣ful in Madness
• * 1.42

  Strong Pur∣gatives are good in this Disease.
• * 1.43

  The preserva∣tory Indicati∣on consisteth much in sweetning the mass of Blood.
• * 1.44

  The Blood may be allay∣ed by Mine∣rals.
• * 1.45

  Chalybeat•• are very pro∣per in a Mani∣ack dispositi∣on. Diet-drink.
• * 1.46

  Clarified Whey, pre∣pared with Water-Lilies.
• * 1.47

  Decoctions of Borage, &c.
• * 1.48

  Electuaries.
• * 1.49

  Cordia••••.
• * 1.50

  Hypnoticks may be pro∣per in this Disease.
• * 1.51

  Cupping-glas∣ses proper, presently af∣the biting of a Mad Dog.
• * 1.52

  Leeches may be applied to the wound.
• * 1.53

  Attractive Medicines may be well applied to the wounded part. Cauterizing a potent means to draw poi∣son out of the wounded part. Potential Cauteries are very advan∣tageous in this Disease. A Vein can∣not be pro∣perly opened in this kind of Madness.