A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

CHAP. XLVII. De Cerebello.

THE Cerebellum is so styled by the Antients, * 1.1 as if it were a diminu∣tive Brain; the Brain being the greater Metropolis, and the Cerebel∣lum but a petty Corporation, yet it hath municipal Rights, and peculiar pri∣viledges and perfections, as a distinct Body from that of the Brain, and is lodged in the lower and hinder part of the Skull, within the large Sinus of the Occiput, and in Brutes filleth up almost all the Occiput.

The Cerebellum hath a broadish depressed Form, * 1.2 and on both sides doth re∣semble a Globe, or rather two Globes clapt together, and not endued with one plain entire Figure, but many divisions and unevennesses, in which Na∣ture seemeth to sport it self with great variety of Ridges and Furrows, * 1.3 Rises and Falls, Hills and Dales, in which the numerous Plexes of Arteries and Veins lye intrenched, to fortify themselves against outward Assaults of Strokes and Falls, to prevent the ill accidents of Contusions and Lacerations.

The Brain is variegated with irregular Anfractus, * 1.4 but the Cerebellum is ranged with more uniform ranks of Lamellae † 1.5 adorning its surface in paral∣lel lines.

Its former and latter region is determined into the Processus Vermiformis * 1.6 and the little Circles, and as they approach these terms, * 1.7 as in the two Poles, are most short; and from thence as they approach the top, as to the Aequator, the parallel Lines grow longer in the Sphaere. * 1.8 These Lamellae as they confine on the Surface are Cortical, and of a cineritious colour, but the more inward are Medullary, being of a Whiter hue; And these Cortical and Me∣dullary little Circles are so variegated and intermingled with each other, that it is very difficult, if not impossible to part them; These Medullary Veins resolve themselves on both sides of the Cerebellum, into two large Meditullia, which are of the same colour, but somewhat of a more solid sub∣stance then the Corpus callosum of the Brain.

The Cerebellum in some Animals is composed of an orderly Fabrick, * 1.9 one part exactly answering another in uniformity, and all the Lamellae running about the Surface of the Cerebellum in a parallel manner, observe the same distance and proportion; But in other Animals, there be Globuli, as it were Episphaeres, adorned with lesser Circles, which are fastened to a prime Sphaere, beautified with greater Circles within; and the smaller Circles may be cal∣led Excentrick, as the Lamellae are disposed in a different Series from those great ones of the Cerebellum.

The Cerebellum is a Compage finely made up of a great number of Arte∣ries springing from the Vertebral, and Veins from the Jugular; * 1.10 these vessels are seated for their better security, in the Interstices of the Lamellae, and be∣ing curiously branched through the Pia Mater, do oftentimes acost each other, being interwovenlike Net-work, and at last do terminate into the Fourth Si∣nus.

This rare structure is not only composed of Arteries and Veins, but also of innumerable company of nervous Fibrils, as so many Laminae or Layings, placed in excellent order one by another, ending toward the confines of the

Cerebellum, * 1.11 in which they are more eminent then in the Brain, and present us with a pleasant prospect, representing a fine Landscip, consisting of ma∣ny different Divarications, resembling a Tree, having several Ramifications and Expansions of Frondage and Foliage, one sprouting out of another, the smaller out of greater Fibres out of Stalks, Stalks out of Twigs, Twigs out of Boughs, Boughs out of Arms, and Arms out of Trunks. The Trunks and Bodies of Nerves belonging to the Cerebellum, are planted in the Proces∣sus annularis, and Medulla Spinalis; These Trunks being composed of nu∣merous Fibrils, divaricated through the substance of the Medulla, of the Cerebellum, do derive themselves from the Cortex, as so many Roots, out of which the innumerable Branches of nervous Filaments do spring.

The structure of the Cerebellum is framed of two lateral parts, * 1.12 somewhat resembling two Globes joyned together, and confining on the Processus Ver∣miformis, which consisting of diverse transverse and winding Particles, uni∣ted with a thin Membrane, do in some sort represent Worms, frequenting rotten Wood, from whence they borrow their denomination of Processus Ver∣miformis. The Anterior of these being protuberant in the Fourth Ventricle, adjoyneth to the Processus Natiformis of the Brain; but the Posterior part of the Processus Vermiformis by reason of its blunt point, doth terminate into the substance of the Cerebellum.

Some Physicians are of an Opinion, * 1.13 but upon what account I cannot con∣jecture, that this Process is distended, and contracted upon the elevation and depression of the Cerebellum. The Cerebellum hath no Ventricles, no Plex∣us Choroeides (passing the length of their Cavities) but hath somewhat resem∣bling that Plex, * 1.14 made up of many vertebral Arteries, and Jugular Veins, be∣set with diverse Glands somewhat larger then those of the Plexus Choroeides, so that these Vessels, accompanied with numerous minute Glands, are ren∣dred conspicuous, when the Cerebellum is divested of the Pia Mater; and then on either side of the Processus Vermiformis may be discovered Branches creep∣ing upward, and springing from the vertebral Artery, lodged under the lower Region of the Medulla oblongata, and the jugular Veins transmitted from each lateral Sinus.

The use of these Arteries and Veins seated in the whole Compage, * 1.15 but prin∣cipally in the hinder part of the Cerebellum, I conjecture to be this, that the more serous part of the Blood might be protruded through the extremities of the Ca∣pillary Arteries, into the substance of the Glands; and the more watry Recre∣ments might be received into the Veins, and pass toward the Heart in the circulation; But if there be so great a quantity of serous Liquor, separated in the substance of the Glands, that it cannot be re-conveyed into the small extremities of the Jugulars, it exudeth (as I conceive) and distilleth into the Fourth Ventricle, lying under the Processes of the Cerebellum, and Caudex of the Medulla oblongata, and is from thence conveyed through the Cerebel∣lum, * 1.16 which is very much smaller near its union with the Brain, and may be sty∣led the Neck of it, where it hath its Origens † 1.17 and is there more protuberant then in its Posterior Regions, which grow more and more enlarged as they approach the terminations † 1.18 of it, where the Lamellae are greatest, and are more and more lessened as they tend to the Origens of it.

The Cerebellum consisteth of Two great Provinces † 1.19 seated on each side of the middle protuberance, and each of these Provinces, may be divided into Three lesser Circuits, or Stories, the greatest of them † 1.20 is next theter∣mination, and the middle † 1.21 is smaller then the Posterior, and greater then the Anterior, or highest Apartiment † 1.22.

These several stories of each lateral Fabrick, † 1.23 may be distinguished by their various protuberancies; the Posterior being the most depressed, and the An∣terior most prominent, and the middle of a middle nature, more protube∣rant then the Posterior, and more depressed then the Anterior.

And although the denomination speaketh a diminution, in reference to its slender bulk, yet it may in some sort challenge to its self preheminence above the Brain, in relation to the curious Fabrick of its Cortex; that of the Brain being framed of diverse Anfractus or Maeanders; but this of the Cerebellum is beautified with an innumerable company of Processes, embelished with va∣riety of fine Models of different shapes and sizes, some resembling in a man∣ner Triangles, others Quadrangles of unequal sides, Ovals, and others, * 1.24 are Orbicular, or Pyramidal.

The Protuberance seated in the middle of the two lateral Provinces, is big∣ger near the Origen, growing less and less towards the Extremity, and is beautified with numerous Processes, styled Vermiform, † 1.25 because they wriggle up and down in their Figures, like those winding holes, perforated in rotten wood by Worms.

These Processes are oblong and slender, making many oblique and trans∣verse passages to and fro in delightful Maeanders.

Birds have one only oblong and round Protuberance, somewhat like the middle in Man, and are destitute of the lateral Provinces.

This oblong Prominence in Fowl, is garnished with many transverse and oblique Processes passing cross-ways, and do somewhat emulate the Vermiform Processes of a humane Brain.

The Cerebellum in more perfect Animals, as a Doe, Calf, Lamb, and less perfect, as a Hare, Rabbet, and the like, somewhat resemble that of Man in the middle protuberance, as guarded on each side with lateral Provinces, which are adorned only in Brutes with thin ranks; that next to the margent of the middle Prominence is the greatest, and consisteth of oblong slender Processes, and the Second and Third rows in a Doe, and the like, are made up of shorter Processes, somewhat tending to Oval; but most are of irregular Figures, very difficult to describe.

But the lateral Provinces in Man, * 1.26 are beautified with more ranks then Brutes, which are much less in compass, and begin in large Bafes, and end in a kind of Cone, contrary to those of Man, which begin in small necks, and have greater terminations.

The more perfect Animals differ also in the Cerebellum from that of Man, in that they are destitute of all Lamellae, consisting of greater and less semi∣circles, seated in the lateral Province; but Coneys have Lamellae in the mid∣dle Prominence, whereas Men have them in the lateral Apartiments. And the middle Protuberance in a Hare hath a Red line, intersecting the trans∣verse and oblique Processes the whole length of the Prominence, which is rare in any other creatures.

And Coneys have fewer lateral Prominencies then Hares, the First having but One rank, and the other Two or Three ranks of minute Processes.

And these various Processes are not only lodged in diverse ranks, * 1.27 in the ambient parts of the Cerebellum, but also in the more inward Recesses, which I plainly discerned in the dissecting the Cerebellum of a Lamb; wherein I saw the arangements of Processes lye two or three deep one under another, one being united to the other in some parts, by thin Membranes, and theun∣der one to the two large Meditullia of the Cerebellum.

In whose Surface the Processes seem to run some in Bevil, * 1.28 and others in a kind of parallel lines, and very many wheel up and down in Maeanders: which in Man and other Animals, resemble in use the Anfractus of the Brain, as so many repositories of Vessels, and their lines being various Fissures, or Trench∣es, passing between these numerous Processes, do give reception and securi∣ty to the fruitful Branches of Arteries and Veins: Nay, the whole Processes are (as I conceive) upon a curious search, so many Systems of Vessels, branching themselves one within another in different divarications, after se∣veral forms and sizes, making the various models of these numerous Pro∣cesses.

The Antient and modern Anatomists have taken notice in some sort, of these Processes in the Surface of the Cerebellum, but have not made (that I can read) any inspection into their more inward Recesses, how they are seated in Depth in Ranks and Files one under another in admirable order; and as far as I can apprehend, not any Anatomists mave mentioned the lateral Provin∣ces, only in general notices, of Circles and Episphaeres, and have not pried into their more retired parts, how they are parted from each other, taking no cognizance of their inward arrangements of Processes, * 1.29 lodged below one another; and (as I humbly conceive) are so many allodgments of Arteries, Veins, and nervous Filaments, making the bodies of these various Processes, appearing in several wonderful Schemes of different Figures and Magnitudes, proceeding from diverse postures and divarications of many, or few, great∣er, or less, longer, or shorter Vessels, accompanied with diverse minute Glands; * 1.30 whereupon the Cerebellum as well as the Brain is encompassed with an upper and lower Vest: The First hath a Duplicature, plainly discernible every where near the margent of the Cerebellum, and is beset more or less all round the lower part of it, between the two Coats, with numerous little Glands, of a kind of orbicular Figure: The middle Protuberance also in the Origen of it, near the conjunction of it with the Base of the Brain, the Pia Mater is dressed with great variety of Glands, near the termination of the Vermiform Processe.

Also the Dura Mater about the skirts of the Cerebellum, hath many great Fibres, branching themselves into the inward Coat of the Dura Mater, and are divaricated as they go all along, and where it immediately covereth the Brain: And also between the two Coats of the Dura Mater, run an infinite number of minute Glands, affixed to the inside of both the Coats.

The Cerebellum is a Compage finely made up of great number of Arte∣ries, * 1.31 springing from the Vertebral and Veins from the Jugular; These Vessels are lodged for their greater security in the Interstices of the Lamellae, and being curiously branched through the Pia Mater, do often accost each other, being interwoven like Network and at last do terminate into the Fourth Sinus.

This rare structure is not only composed of Arteries and Veins, * 1.32 but also of innumerable company of nervous Fibrils, as so many Sets placed in ex∣cellent order one by another, ending toward the Cerebellum, in which they are more eminent then in the Brain, and present us with a pleasant prospect, representing a fine Landscip, consisting of many Divarications, resembling a Tree, * 1.33 having several Ramifications, and Expansions of Frondage and Fo∣liage, one sprouting out of another, the smaller out of the greater Fibres, which shoot out of Stalks, Stalks of Twiggs, Twiggs out of Boughs, Boughs out of Arms, and Arms out of Trunks.

The Trunks and bodies of Nerves belonging to the Cerebellum, * 1.34 are plant∣ed in the Processus Annularis, and Medulla Spinalis, these Trunks being com∣posed of numerous Fibrils, divaricated through the substance of the Cerebel∣lum, and do derive themselves from the Cortex, as so many Roots, out of which the innumerable Branches of nervous Filaments do spring.

Some Physicians are of an opinion, * 1.35 but upon what account I cannot con∣jecture, that those Processes are distended and contracted upon the elevation and depression of the Cerebellum, which hath no Ventricles, no Plexus Cho∣roeides, but hath something resembling that Plex, made up of many verte∣bral Arteries, and jugular Veins, beset with diverse Glands, somewhat lar∣ger then those of the Plexus Choroeides, so that these Vessels, accompanied with numerous Glands, are rendred conspicuous, when the Pia Mater is strip∣ped from the Cerebellum; and then on either side of the Processus Vermi∣formis may be discerned Branches creeping upward, and springing from the vertebral Artery, lodged under the lower Region of the Medulla oblongata, and the jugular Veins, transmitted from each lateral Sinus.

The use of these Arteries and Veins, seated in the whole Compage, * 1.36 but principally in the hinder part of the Cerebellum, I conjecture to be this, That the more serous Blood, might be protruded through the Extremities of the Capillary Arteries, into the substance of the Glands, that the more watry Re∣crements might be received into the Veins, and pass toward the Heart in circulation: But if there be so great a quantity of serous Liquor severed in the substance of the Glands, that it cannot be reconveyed into the small Ex∣tremities of the Jugulars; it exudeth, and (as I conceive) distilleth into the Fourth Ventricle, lying under the Processes of the Cerebellum, and Can∣dex of the Medulla oblongata, and is from thence conveyed through the In∣fundibulum into the jugular Veins, confining on the Glandula pituitaria.

The Cerebellum, though it be a distinct Body within it self, * 1.37 and separate from the Brain, enwrapped within the Coats of the Dura and Pia mater, pro∣per to it, yet it holdeth an alliance, in similitude of Colour, Substance, Dis∣position, and Correspondence in its converse, both with the Brain, and Medulla Spinalis, * 1.38 to whose lower region it is fastned by the interposition of the Pia Mater, and entertaineth an entercourse with the Medulla oblongata, by the mediation of Two Processes, called by Dr. Willis, Pedunculi, each of which (saith he) is formed of Three Processes, * 1.39 In utroque Pedunculo cerebrum su∣stentante, tres distincti Medullares Processus reperiuntur; horum Primus e protu∣berantiis orbicularibus emissus, obli{que} ascendit, Secundus recte e cerebello descen∣dens & per priorem decussatim transiens Medullam oblongatam circundat; Tertius Processus e postica cerebelli regione descendens Medullae oblongatae inseritur, ejus{que} truncum, velut Chorda ascititia, exauget. And the Pons Varolii like a Bridge, * 1.40 passeth transversly over the Base of the Medulla oblongata, closely twining about it like a wreath, and encircling it like a ring, is therefore styled the annu∣lar Process, and (as I conceive) is framed after this manner, as soon as the middle Process of the Cerebellum, creeping down in a straight course, land∣eth at the sides of the Medulla oblongata, doth not seem to embody immedi∣ately with it, but enlarging it self into greater Dimensions, courteth the Surface of the Medulla with the embraces of many circular Fibres; whereup∣on the Processes of the Cerebellum issuing from either side, and brought down from the top of the Medulla oblongata toward its Base, do meet and embody themselves, constituting that circular Prominence, commonly called the Pro∣cessus Annularis.

Thus having given a rough draught of the several Anfractus, Lamellae, or Circles, Processes, Plexes of Arteries and Veins, attended with many mi∣nute Glands; as also the numerous ranks of nervous Fibres, branched in ex∣cellent order through the Cortical and Medullary Compage of the Cerebel∣lum. I conceive it not amiss to finish this rougher draugth, in giving you Natures design in framing this great variety, by speaking the several uses of it: * 1.41 the chiefest (being that of the Cerebellum, common to it and the Brain) consisting in the procreation of the Animal Spirits, made of the more active and spirituous parts of the Animal Liquor, the vital Liquor being impel∣led out of the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta, into the vertebral Arte∣ries; is conveyed out of their terminations into the substance of the Glands, besetting the ambient parts of the Cerebellum, where the delicate part of the Blood is percolated from its more gross and fiery Particles, which are separated and returned by the Jugular Veins toward the Heart, while the more mild nutricious parts, impregnated with volatil Saline, and spiritu∣ous Particles, (commonly named the Animal Spirits) are transmitted into the roots of the Fibres implanted into the Cortex, and thence propagated by the same continued Fibres into the Medulla of the Cerebellum, by whose Pro∣cesses it is conveyed into the Nerves, derived from the Processus annularis; and also by other Fibres communicated from the Cerebellum to the Nerves of the Medulla Spinalis, which is lodged within the Skull.

Learned Dr. Willis assigneth a peculiar Office, * 1.42 distinct from that of the Brain to the Cerebellum, to preside and influence with Animal Spirits, the Nerves consigned to all involuntary Motions, and natural Actions which he discourseth in the Fifteenth Chapter of his Book De Cerebri Anatome.

Quod nempe Cerebellum sit Spirituum Animalium, in quadam opera designato∣rum, peculiaris scaturigo & penus abipso cerebro distinctus. Et Cerebelli officium esse videtur Spiritus Animales novos suppeditare quibus actiones involuntariae cu∣jusmodi sunt Cordis pulsatio, respiratio, ratio 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 alimenti concoctio, Chyli protrusio, & multae aliae quae nobis insciis, aut invitis, constanti ritu fiunt, pera∣guntur. These involuntary Functions, he apprehended to be accomplished by Nerves, acted by Animal Spirits springing from the Cerebellum, by the intercession of the Processus annularis; Nervi quidam (saith he) immediate a protuberantia annulari, alii{que} in vicinia oriundi, qui functioni involuntariae de∣signati a Cerebello Spirituum Animalium influentias suscipiunt; This Opinion is in volved, (as I humbly conceive) with great difficulties, if not improbabilities, which I shall endeavour to discover, not out of any opposition to this Learn∣ed Author (whose memory I highly honour) but out of a love of Truth, by proving First that the Cerebellum hath not altogether a Province distinct from that of the Brain, in that the Cerebellum is an Author of voluntary mo∣tion as well as the Brain.

And Secondly, the Brain and not the Cerebellum is the greater fountain of involuntary actions. * 1.43 As to the First, it may be probably evinced, that the Cerebellum is the principle of voluntary Actions in some degree, as well as the Brain; For the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh pair of Nerves (called by the for∣mer Anatomists, the Third, Fourth, and Fifth pair) do proceed from the sides and Base of the Processus annularis, a part appendant to the Cerebellum. The Fifth pair perforating the Dura Mater, is divided into two eminent Trunks, the First of which passing in a straight course, furnisheth the small Muscles of the Face with many considerable Fibres, which being variously contracted and relaxed, do cause those pathetick configurations, produced by the soft undu∣lating motions of the Elevators, Adductors, Abductors of the Lips, and other

minute Muscles of the Face. The motions of these Muscles invigorated by Animal Spirits, conveyed by Nerves springing from the Processus annularis, the offsping of the Cerebellum, do wholly comply with the dictates of the un∣derstanding, and commands of the Will, it being in our power, by the assist∣ance of these pathetick Nerves, according to the impression of our phantasy to change our Features into Smiles or Frowns, the pleasant or serene expres∣ses of Love and Anger.

From the Fifth and Seventh pair of Nerves, are also imparted diverse Branches to the temporal Muscles Lips, and Tongue, which being rendred Tense with Animal Spirits, emitted from the Cerebellum, can be diversly contracted at our pleasure, in free acts of Mastication and Speaking.

Thus having given an account of my first Hypothesis, * 1.44 that the Cerebellum hath not altogether a Province distinct from that of the Brain, in that the Cerebellum is an Author of voluntary Motion, though in a less degree then that of the Brain: Now it may not be unfit to speak somewhat of the Second Hypothesis, that the Brain, and not the Cerebellum alone is the principle of involuntary actions, which I shall endeavour to make good, by shewing how the Pulsation of the Heart, Respiration and the like, involuntary actions do proceed from the Brain. And First as to the pulsation of the Heart, it is meer∣ly an involuntary Motion, and the most noble and necessary of all, upon which our Life doth immediately depend; and therefore it is most wisely ordered by our Maker, That the Pulsation of the Heart should not be con∣trouled by our Will, lest when we meet with severe accidents we should at once put a period to them and our Lives; and therefore the pulsation of the Heart is put out of our power, and derived from a set and constant influx of the Animal Spirits, conveyed for the most part, if not wholly from the Brain by the Par vagum into the Fibres, seated in the Right and Left Chambers of the Heart.

But this assertion meeteth with great opposition from Dr. Willis, who re∣ferreth all unvoluntary Motion, not to the Brain, but Cerebellum alone, as he most plainly affirmeth in his Fifteenth Chapter De Cerebri Anatome, Imprimis, adverti nervorum paria quae functionibus naturae instinctu, aut passionum impetu, potius quam arbitrii nutu, obiri solitis, inserviunt it a immediate a Cerebello depen∣dere, ut solummodo hinc in illarum origines Spirituum Animalium influxus de∣rivari posse videatur.

I conceive this Hypothesis is involved with great difficulties, because the motion of the Heart is not arbitrary, being celebrated by an instinct of Na∣ture, and yet doth not depend upon the Cerebellum, as the only Origen, but upon the Brain as the greater source of the Animal Spirits, because the Sy∣stole in both chambers of the Heart, is produced principally by the Animal Spirits, communicated through a multiplicity of Fibres, springing from the Par vagum, and inserted into the greatest part of the Heart; wherefore if the Systole should be caused by the Animal Spirits, flowing from the Ce∣rebellum, it should then be derived to the Heart by the Fifth, Sixth, or Seventh pair of Nerves, which take their Origen from the Protuberantia annularis, a Process of the Cerebellum, and not from the Eighth pair of Nerves; vid. The Par vagum, which ariseth out of the sides of the Me∣dulla oblangata, a process of the Brain, as Dr. Willis confesseth in his Twenty third Chapter De Cerebri Anatome. Octava nervorum conjugatio ab antiquis pro sexta habita, Par vagum appellatur; itaque infra nervos au∣ditorios, octava nervorum conjugatioe lateribus Medullae oblongatae, radice ejus Fibris numerosis constante, exoritur. And farther addeth, That a great Plex

is seated in the Trunk of the Par vagum, from which many Branches and Fibres are transmitted into the Heart; E regione Primae aut Secundae Costae, plexus alius insignis in trunco paris vagi consistit, quo plures surculi, aut Fibrae versus Cor, & appendicem ejus demittuntur.

And as to Respiration, * 1.45 I conceive it for the most part a natural acti∣on, seldom receiving a stop from the Will, which if done at any time, is quickly remitted, and is celebrated by the motion of the Lungs, acted by the contractions of the intercostal Muscles, and the Diaphragme. The intercostal Muscles are influenced by Animal Spirits, imparted by Nerves, not derived from the Cerebellum, but Medulla Spinalis, being a continuation of the Medulla oblongata of the Brain, communicating Nerves to the inter∣costal Muscles; and the motion of the Diaphragme is not produced by the influx of Animal Spirits, propagated from the Cerebellum, but conveyed from the brachial Nerves, taking their pedigree from the lower Vertebers, spring∣ing out of the Medulla Spinalis, the Medulla cerebri elongata. But it may be replied in favour of this great Author, That the Par vagum springing from the Brain, is not the great fountain of these involuntary actions of Pulsation of the Heart, and Respiration, because the intercostal Nerve hath a great share with the Par vagum in the production of these natural Motions: To which I take the freedom to speak this Reply, That the intercostal Nerve, (as some say) is a branch of the Par vagum; but the Author asserteth (as I conceive) more truly, that it deriveth its Origen from the Fifth and Sixth pair of Nerves, out of the Processus annularis, made up of a small middle Process of the Pedunculus of the Cerebellum; To which I argue with this proviso, That the Fifth pair proceeding from thence is principally dispensed into the Eyes, Nostrils, and Muscles of the Face, and a small branch de∣scendeth only (which inosculateth below with the Caudex) to the Par va∣gum, to which also the Sixth pair imparteth another small Branch, so that the First Origen of the Intercostal Nerve arising out of the Cerebellum, is very small, and the Trunk of it inosculating with the Par vagum, confist∣eth principally of the intercostal Nerves, derived from the Spine; and the first rise of the intercostal Nerve, resembleth the head of a River, whose original Springs are very small, and the body of it swelleth, growing great∣er with the accession of new Rivulets below. The head Stream of the Ani∣mal Spirits distilling out of the Cerebellum, are conveyed by the smaller pipes of the Fifth and Sixth pair of Nerves, while the greater torrent of Animal Spirits doth hasten its course by the larger Channels of the intercostal Nerves, coming from the Spine (the long process of the Brain) to the Caudex of the Par vagum, and from thence into the greater Cisterns of the Heart, making frequent pulsations by the assistance of fleshy Fibres.

So that this Hypothesis remaineth firm, * 1.46 that the great Fountain of invo∣luntary actions, is not derived from the Cerebellum alone, but chiefly from the Brain, and the Medulla Spinalis, its appendix, emitting great store of Animal Spirits by the Par vagum, consisting of Twelve Fibres; and the in∣tercostal Nerves, principally proceeding from Fibres, arise out of the Spine, and are thence communicated to the Heart, intercostal Muscles, Diaphragme, Stomach, and Intestines; whence are produced the involuntary actions of Pulsation, Respiration, Concoction, and the protrusion of the Chyle, and the peristaltick motion of the Intestines.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Cerebel∣lum seemeth to be a little Brain.
• * 1.2

  The Figure of the Cerebel∣lum.
• * 1.3

  The uneven∣nesses of the Cerebellum.
• * 1.4

  The Lamellae of the Cere∣bellum.
• † 1.5

  T. 50. F. ••. g g g g g g.
• * 1.6

  T. 50. F. 1. ••. ••.
• * 1.7

  The Process•••• Vermiformis of the ••ere∣bellum.
• * 1.8

  The colour of the Lamell••.
• * 1.9

  The orderly progress of the Lamella in some Ani∣mals, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 regular in others.
• * 1.10

  The vessels of the Cerebel∣lum.
• * 1.11

  The nervous Fibrils of the Cerebellum resembleth a Tree.
• * 1.12

  The lateral part of it, resembling two Globes.
• * 1.13

  The Distenti∣on and Con∣traction of the Processus Vermiformis.
• * 1.14

  The Cerebel∣lum is beset with many Glands.
• * 1.15

  The uses of the Arteries and Veins of the Cerebel∣lum.
• * 1.16

  The Neck of the Cerebellum
• † 1.17

  T. 50. F. 1. h h.
• † 1.18

  ii.
• † 1.19

  T. 50. F. 1, b b b b.
• † 1.20

  e e e e.
• † 1.21

  d d d d.
• † 1.22

  c c c c.
• † 1.23

  b b b b.
• * 1.24

  The Proces∣ses of the Cerebellum are endued with diverse shapes and si∣zes.
• † 1.25

  A A.
• * 1.26

  Brutes have sewer Proces∣ses which have a diffe∣rent progress from those of Man. Brutes have no Lamellae in their Cerebel∣lum.
• * 1.27

  The various Processes are found in the inward Reces∣ses of the Ce∣rebellum.
• * 1.28

  The use of the Processes of the Cerebellum
• * 1.29

  The diverse ra ks of Pro∣cesses are the repositories of Vessels.
• * 1.30

  The vessels of the Cerebel∣lum are at∣tended with many minute Glands.
• * 1.31

  The Arteries of the Cere∣bellum.
• * 1.32

  The Veins of the Cerebel∣lum.
• * 1.33

  The Divari∣cations of Vessels resem∣ble a Tree.
• * 1.34

  The Nerves of the Cere∣bellum.
• * 1.35

  Some ima∣gine the Pro∣cesses are di∣stended and contracted upon the ele∣vation and depression of the Cerebellum
• * 1.36

  The use of the Arteries and Veins of the Cerebellum
• * 1.37

  The Cerebel∣lum is like the Brain in many Respects.
• * 1.38

  The Connexi∣on of the Ce∣rebellum.
• * 1.39

  The Pedun••••∣lus Cerebelli is made up of Three Pro∣cesses.
• * 1.40

  The Pons Va∣rolii.
• * 1.41

  The use of the various parts of the Cere∣bellum.
• * 1.42

  The Nerves of the Cerebel∣lum assigned by Dr. Willis to be instru∣ments of in∣voluntary Motion.
• * 1.43

  Diverse pair of Nerves in the Cerebel∣lum, may be called the Or∣gans of volun∣tary Motion.
• * 1.44

  The involun∣tary motion of the Heart, proceedeth from Nerves of the Brain.
• * 1.45

  Respiration is a natural acti∣on, derived from the Nerves of the Medulla ob∣longata and Spinalis.
• * 1.46

  The Fountain of involunta∣ry Motion is not derived solely from the Cerebel∣lum, but chief∣ly from the Brain.