A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

CHAP. XIV. Of the Liver of Fish.

THe Liver of a Porpess, hath large Dimensions, * 1.1 and is adorned with a bright Red, and is parted into lobes, as some will have it, but in this resembleth a Humane Liver, as being one entire substance; its situation is in the Abdomen (as in other Animals) under the Diaphragme, and most of this Bowel is lodged in the right side, and consisteth of many Minute Glands full of Divarications of numerous Blood Vessels.

The Liver of a Sturgeon, is adorned with a more round Figure, then that of Man, encompassing the Stomach on each side, and is hued with a pale Red, and is furnished with a large Branch of the Porta and Cava, im∣porting and exporting Vital Liquor.

The Liver of a Pike, is one entire body, destitute of all lobes, * 1.2 and Par∣titions; it is endued with an Ash-colour, and is thicker and broader in its Origen, and thinner and narrower downward, and endeth in a kind of Point: It covereth the upper Region of the Stomach, and Origen of the Intestines.

The Liver is very wonderful in a Barbil, * 1.3 and accompanieth the Intestines in the Superior, Inferior, and lateral Region, and maketh a Gyre be∣tween the Circumvolution of the Guts, to which the Liver is fastned accord∣ing to variety of Positions, with many thin small Membranes; which I have not seen in so various and so ample a manner, in any other Fish, as in this.

A Dory hath a Liver endued with a pale Ash-colour, * 1.4 it covereth a great part of the Stomach, which is of an Orbicular Figure; in this Table it is taken off from the Stomach, and is placed out of its proper place, in the left side † 1.5 of the Fish.

The Liver of a Kingston, somewhat resembleth in Figure the Trident, * 1.6 with which Neptune is commonly Painted, as consisting of three lobes, the middle one is the shortest and broadest, and that of the left side is thick∣est, and most long; the right lobe is longer then the middle (which is broad and thin) and shorter then the left: This Liver is furnished with in∣numerable small Glands, as so many Refiners of the Blood.

The Liver of a Fire-Flair, * 1.7 or Sting-Ray (so called from a Sting beset with Teeth, and seated near the Tail) is hued with a yellowish Buff-colour, and hath a Fissure near the right side, dividing a small part of it as it were into two lobes.

It is about two Inches broad in its beginning, and four Inches long, and endeth below in a small thin Cone: Above the Origen of the Fissure, be∣ginneth the Ligamentum Suspensorium, which is a thick Cord running about an Inch and a half, and then expandeth it self, and fastneth the Liver, to the lower Region of the Cartilaginous Diaphragme, parting the lowest from the middle Apartiment; it covereth almost all parts of the lowest Venter, the Stomach, Spleen, and the greatest portion of the Guts, leaving only naked that part of them which is adjacent to the Vent.

The Liver of a Skait, * 1.8 is coated with an Ash-colour, it beginneth in Arch, and is composed of three lobes, of which the middle † 1.9 is the broadest and most short, formed in manner of a Semicircle.

The lobe of the right side † 1.10, is broader and longer then that of the left † 1.11; these lobes encompass the Intestines, and have many Partitions, seated in the concave part of the lobes.

The Liver of a Base, * 1.12 is adorned with a Semicircular Figure † 1.13, broadest and thickest in the middle, and smallest in both Extreamities, ending in Points † 1.14, the one seated in the right, and the other in the left side, and en∣circle the Pylorus † 1.15, and Origen † 1.16 of the Guts; which make the first Cir∣cumvolution.

Out of the thick † 1.17 part of the Liver of a Dog-Fish, * 1.18 do arise Two lobes, and are seated on each side of the Abdomen, and are like two Wings, cover∣ing the Stomach and Intestines; the left lobe † 1.19 is thickest and broadest in its Origen, and is parted about the middle of its length by a Fissure, and maketh its progress the whole length of the Abdomen, and part of the right lobe † 1.20 is cut off, as hindring the prospect of the Stomach.

The Liver of a Bream, * 1.21 beginneth in a Point, and after groweth broader † 1.22, and is accommodated with divers Angles, and afterward is propagated in a long Process † 1.23, passing in length about three Inches. This Bowel being broad above, is parted into two jagged lobes, the one taketh its progress in the right side, all along the Margent of the Stomach, and the other in the left, on the outside of the first Intestine.

The Liver of a Gudgeon † 1.24, * 1.25 is hued with a darkish, or deep Red, and being a thin Expansion, covereth the Stomach, to which it is so closely con∣joyned by Membranes, that it cannot be separated from it, without some violation; it beginneth more large, and endeth in a kind of Cone † 1.26.

The Liver of a Rochet † 1.27, * 1.28 is hued with a deep Red, somewhat inclining to Purple, and is divided into lobes; the greater and broader lieth in the left side, and is adorned with a kind of Triangular Figure, covering the In∣testinula Caeca, and the right lobe is seated on the right side of the Stomach, and is in some part lodged under the Guts, in an Arch, or Semicircle of them.

The Liver of a Gurnet, is coated with a pale whitish Colour, and is composed of Two lobes, of which the left is the larger, covering the whole upper surface of the Stomach, so that I could not discern it, when this lobe was in its proper situation; the right lobe is seated in the right side of the Stomach, and is much less then the other in Dimensions.

The Liver of a Prill † 1.29, * 1.30, is thickest in its Origen, and lodgeth in some part upon the Neck of the Stomach, which it doth not cover, and is seated under the Guts, and some portion of it is encompassed within the circular Circumvolution † 1.31 of the Intestines, containing many Globules of the Liver.

The Liver of a Plaice, is one entire Body, without any division into lobes, and beginneth narrow and thick in its Origen † 1.32, and its Termination is broad and thin † 1.33, and its lower Circumference is adorned with a kind of Semicircular Figure, as suiting it self to the shape of the Stomach, in which it is contained, and hath a Fissure near the Termination of the Stomach.

The Liver of a Soal, * 1.34 is coated with a pale Ash-colour, and is beautified with an Arch, as the Repository of the Heart, on which it confineth; it is broad in its Origen, and more narrow toward its Termination.

The Liver of a Lamprey, is endued with an Ash-colour, * 1.35 and is seated below the Midriff, its Origen is largest, as most broad and thick † 1.36 when the Membrane being taken off, you may discern many Glands † 1.37 of diffe∣rent shapes and sizes; it endeth in a kind of obtuse Cone † 1.38.

The Liver of a Garfish, hath the Circumference of its Origen endued with a Semicircular Figure, and its concave surface is rendred uneven by many Protuberances, which are so many Glands † 1.39 of several Figures and Magni∣tudes, and endeth in the manner of a Point † 1.40.

The Liver of an Asellus Virescens, * 1.41 of which the largest covereth the Stomach, and it turned to the right side † 1.42, to discover the Ventricle, and some-part of it may be seen in its proper situation † 1.43.

The Liver of a Viper, is coated with a deep Red colour, * 1.44 and taketh its Origination immediately below the Lungs † 1.45, and embraceth a great part of the right side of the Stomach. † 1.46

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Liver of a Porpess.
• * 1.2

  The Liver of a Pike.
• * 1.3

  The Liver of a Barbil.
• * 1.4

  The Liver of a Dory.
• † 1.5

  T. 26. k k.
• * 1.6

  The Liver of a Kingston.
• * 1.7

  The Liver of a Sting-Ray.
• * 1.8

  The Liver of a Skait.
• † 1.9

  T. 29. k.
• † 1.10

  T. 29. l.
• † 1.11

  T. 29. m.
• * 1.12

  The Liver of a Base.
• † 1.13

  T. 31. b b.
• † 1.14

  Ta. 31. c c.
• † 1.15

  T. 31. k.
• † 1.16

  T. 31. i.
• † 1.17

  T. 32. f f.
• * 1.18

  The Liver of a Dog-Fish.
• † 1.19

  T. 32. g g g.
• † 1.20

  T. 32. h.
• * 1.21

  The Liver of a Proam.
• † 1.22

  T. 4. C. C.
• † 1.23

  Tab. 34. d.
• † 1.24

  T. 35. F. 4. g.
• * 1.25

  The Liver of a Gudgeon.
• † 1.26

  h.
• † 1.27

  T. 36. F. 1. a a.
• * 1.28

  The Liver of a Rochet.
• † 1.29

  T. 27. F. 4.
• * 1.30

  The Liver of a Peill.
• † 1.31

  T. 37. F. 4. g g.
• † 1.32

  T. 37. F. 4. C.
• † 1.33

  T. 37. F. 5. d d.
• * 1.34

  The Liver of a Soal.
• * 1.35

  The Liver of a Lamprey.
• † 1.36

  T. 38. F. 1. c c.
• † 1.37

  T 38 F. 1. d d d d.
• † 1.38

  T. 38. F. 1. e.
• † 1.39

  T. 38. F. 3. a a.
• † 1.40

  T. 38. F. 3. d d d d d.
• * 1.41

  The Liver of Asellus Vire∣scens.
• † 1.42

  F. 3. C.
• † 1.43

  T. 40. l l l.
• * 1.44

  The Liver of a Viper.
• † 1.45

  T. 40. m.
• † 1.46

  T. 41. F. 1. h.