A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

CHAP. XII. Of the Liver of Beasts.

HAving Treated of the Liver of Man, and its several parts, I will speak somewhat of this Bowel, as it relateth to other Animals, to see what Similitude they have with a Humane Liver.

The Liver of a Lion, much resembleth that of a Cat, * 1.1 and is composed of Seven lobes of different shapes and sizes, encompassing a great part of the Stomach; it is endued with a deep Red, or rather a Brown Colour, and with a soft substance, by reason of the lax Compage of the Glands, which are very numerous in this fierce Animal, and are very conspicuous, when they are Tumefied (which I have seen in a young Lion) with a quantity of Bilious Recrements (rendring the very surface of the Liver highly Yellow) diffused through the whole substance of the swelled Glands.

The Liver of a Chamel, is furnished with Three lobes, * 1.2 Two are eminent as superior in Place, and greater in Dimensions; the Third is less, being covered with the other: It is hued with a dark Red, sometime inclining to a livid Colour. These lobes do invest the Stomach, and give it warmth in or∣der to the Concoction of Aliment.

The Liver of a Beaver, hath numerous lobes, * 1.3 being Six in number (of different Magnitudes and Figures) according to Webfer; and but Five ac∣cording to the Paristan Dissectors, who are great Masters of Anatomy: Ma∣ny Bilarian Ducts are derived from each lobe, and do insert themselves in one Choledoch Cistern.

The Liver of an Elephant, is four times as large as that of a Bullock, * 1.4 as Aristotle will have it, and is much thicker in its Origen, and groweth thin∣ner and thinner toward its Termination; as it is found in the Liver of Man, Oxen, Sheep, Deer, Horse, and many other large Animals. This Liver is most remarkable, as being very large, and destitute of a Bladder of Gall;

which is supplied (as I conceive) with a great Choledoch Duct, containing very much Choller.

This Bowel in a Hedg-Hog, * 1.5 hath Five lobes, according to Sedger, and Seven according to Scrader, and Severinus, which are endued with va∣rious shapes and Magnitudes. The greatest lobe is lodged in the left Hypo∣condre, and the most and least in the right, one of which doth cover half of the neighbouring Kidney.

The Liver of an African Goat, * 1.6 is accommodated with Four lobes, two of which do exceed the other in Dimensions, and one of the least doth extend it self to the right Kidney, which it encompasseth in a great part.

The Liver of a Tygre, * 1.7 according to curious Wolfstrigel, doth lodg in both Hypocondres, and is divided into Six lobes, which do extend them∣selves to the ascendent Trunk of the Cava; the greatest of these is subdi∣vided into two Branches, into which the Bladder of Gall is affixed.

The Liver of an Indian Bore, * 1.8 much resembleth that of a common Hog, both in Colour and Shape, and is most remarkable in the defect of the Su∣spensory Ligament; whereupon the Liver in this Animal, is not tied to the Midriff, but to the Vertebres of the Back.

The Liver of a Rabbet, * 1.9 consisteth of Five lobes, of which Three are so closely united, that they seem to be one lobe, and do invest a great part of the Stomach (which being extended, is endued with a Semicircular Figure) the two other lobes are seated under the Stomach, one of them being of a Circular Figure, and very small, is lodged in the Arch of the Stomach, and the other is seated under the upper lobe, being very much bigger then the Circular lobe; and is broader in its Origen, and endeth almost into a Point: The Liver is hued with a deep Red, somewhat inclining to a livid Colour.

The Liver of an Ape, * 1.10 doth furnish the Abdominal Region with Six lobes, of which the least is lodged in the Semicircle of the Stomach, the Three greater are seated in the Right Side, and one in the left, and another in the middle of the other, which receiveth the Umbilical Vein, and the neck of Vesicle of Gall, and a small lobe doth lean upon the right Kidney, to which it is affixed by a strong Ligament.

The Liver of a Cat, * 1.11 is adorned with Six lobes, of different Shapes and Magnitudes, some of which lean upon, and others are lodged under the Stomach, and out of the middle of two of them, seated in the right side the Bladder of Gall maketh its egress; so that the bottom of it doth appear somewhat like the Prominence of an Eye.

A Civet Cat, * 1.12 hath a Liver furnished with Seven lobes, of which Three are very small, and the latter of them doth cover a considerable part of the right adjacent Kidney, to which it is firmly annexed by a Membranous inter∣position. * 1.13

The Liver of a Pole-Cat, is composed of Seven lobes, of which the lowest is subdivided into three Fissures, somewhat like the Foot of a Pullet; the middle of them is adorned with a Triangular Figure, and is fastned for a little space, to the ascendent Trunk of the Vena Cava, by the mediation of a thin Membrane. * 1.14

The Liver of an Otter, is fruitful in lobes, having Seven in number, (adorned with different shapes and sizes, some of which rest upon, and others are lodged under the Stomach) into whose concave surface, the Um∣bilical and hollow Vein do make their ingress; and the last doth furnish all the lobes with numerous Branches and Capillaries, which import Blood into their innumerable small Glands, which are so many Colatories to refine the Blood.

The composition of the Liver in a Squirrel, * 1.15 is very elegant (as Malpi∣ghius hath well observed) and is divided into many lobes, which are ac∣commodated with numerous Globules (consisting of several Glands) which may be easily distinguished by various Colours, tinging the surface of the Liver; by reason the Globules are hued with Red, and their Interstices (whereby they are parted one from the other) are endued with a more bright Colour, which is very conspicuous in the Livers of Fish, and other more perfect Animals, as they are adorned with variety of Colours; some of which affect the Glands, and others their Interstices.

The Liver of a Land Tortoise, is divided into various lobes, * 1.16 every way encompassing the Circumference of the Stomach, both above and below, to cherish its life and heat, the better to enable it, in reference to the digestion of Aliment.

A Mole hath a small Liver, parted into Four Minute lobes, * 1.17 according to Seger, and Five according to Borrichius (investing the lower Region of the Ventricle) very different in shape and size, which are hued with a pale Colour. * 1.18

A Chameleon, hath the substance of its Liver somewhat solid in some part, and many Cavities in the other; and is endued with a dark Red, and is divided into Two lobes, of which the right doth exceed the left in Di∣mensions.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Liver of a Lion.
• * 1.2

  The Liver of a Chamel.
• * 1.3

  The Liver of a Beaver.
• * 1.4

  The Liver of an Elephant.
• * 1.5

  The Liver of a Hedg-Hog.
• * 1.6

  The Liver of an African Goat.
• * 1.7

  The Liver of a Tygre.
• * 1.8

  The Liver of an Indian ••ore.
• * 1.9

  The Liver of a Rabbet.
• * 1.10

  The Liver of an Ape.
• * 1.11

  The Liver of a Cat.
• * 1.12

  The Liver of a Civet Cat.
• * 1.13

  The Liver of a Pole-Cat.
• * 1.14

  The Liver of an Otter.
• * 1.15

  The Liver of a Squirrel.
• * 1.16

  The Liver of a Land Tor∣toise.
• * 1.17

  The Liver of a Mole.
• * 1.18

  The Liver of a Chameleon.