A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

CHAP. XXXVII. Of the Guts of Fish.

THe Intestines of Fish, * 1.1 have the same number of Coats, and a likeness in substance with the Stomach, only they are less in Bore, and diffe∣rent in Figure, Longitude, and Thinness.

The Intestines of a Cod, * 1.2 have only three or four Maeanders, by rea∣reason of the numerous Intestinula Caeca, which give a check to Chyle, in reference to its Motion, whereupon the Guts need not so many Circum∣volutions.

The origen of the Guts, is garnished with numerous Intestinula Caeca, and hath only two Perforations on each side (in relation to these Intestines) which are continued in two Trunks, leading into the various perforated Branches, arising out of two large Channels; which impart Chyle into the fruitful blind Appendages, for its better Elaboration, which are conjoined by mediation of a thin Membrane, enameled with various Divarications of Blood Vessels, and may be called a part of the Mesentery from its Of∣fice.

The Guts of a Dory, are very small at first, * 1.3 and furnished with few Gyres; near the Origen of them † 1.4, about the Pylorus, they make a Maean∣der † 1.5, and then go down for some short space, and make another Cir∣cumvolution † 1.6, and then pass down in a straight Course, between the Ovaries to the Vent. † 1.7

A Kingston † 1.8, hath not many Guts, * 1.9 which begin near the end of the Stomach, into which it doth determine in the form of an Arch, and then make a turn, and go down bordering upon the Arch of the Stomach, and in their outside pass all along inclining to the right side, but the body of the Intestines for the most part, are lodged in the left † 1.10; near the Termination of the Guts, appeareth a small Process † 1.11 annexed to them, which I apprehend to be the Caecum: But above, the most eminent, is a Gut † 1.12 of large Dimensions.

The Intestines are few in a Fire-Flair, or Sting-Ray, * 1.13 and are made up chiefly of one great Gut † 1.14, which beginneth in a small Neck, and is seated in the right side; and in reference to its Figure and Circumference, very much resembleth a large Stomach, whose largeness maketh satisfaction for the paucity of Guts, which are encircled with many white Fibres, and be∣tween every two of them passeth a red one; which I conceive is a Blood Vessel.

The Intestines of a Skait, may be three in number: The first is small, * 1.15 about three inches long, and passeth between the Stomach and the great Gut, as a Neck between two Ventricles.

The second Gut is very large, resembling as it were another Stomach, and is a place of Concoction.

The third Intestine, being the Intestinum Rectum, is a small Gut, about two inches long, into whose Termination, the Ureters discharge their watry saline parts, as into a common Receptacle.

The Intestines of a Base, * 1.16 begin in the middle of the first Circumvolu∣tion † 1.17, made between the Stomach and it, where a Partition may be dis∣cerned: The first Gut is the largest, and of a red Colour, passing along the right side in a straight Course, till it maketh a second Circumvolution † 1.18, where the Intestines keep small, and so continue for some space, till the third Circumvolution is made † 1.19, and a good space afterward, till it is conjoined with the Intestinum Rectum; which groweth much larger † 1.20, and so conti∣nueth to the Vent.

Near the bottom of the Stomach, in a Dog-Fish, on the right side, * 1.21 ari∣seth a Gut † 1.22, ascending up almost to the top of the Ventricle, and there maketh an Arch, and then taketh its progress down again, almost in a straight line, till it come under the bottom of the Ventricle, where it maketh a short Cicumvolution; this Gut is parted from the side of the Stomach by a Mem∣branous interposition, which I conceive to be a Caul.

The origen of the Guts in a Bream, * 1.23 is where the Stomach and the Inte∣stines being conjoined, make the first Circumvolution † 1.24, and ascend on the left side, till they arrive near the origen of the Stomach, and form another Circumvolution † 1.25, then take their progress down between the Stomach and the first Intestine, under which they creep, (where the Stomach maketh a Circumvolution with the first Gut) and pass in a right line to the Termination of the Guts † 1.26.

A Pope hath not many Guts (it being a very small Fish, and of great Name) and are endued with two Circumvolutions: The first † 1.27 is made near the Pylorus, in the very beginning of the Intestines † 1.28, which after they

have made one turning, go for some space in a direct passage, and then form a second Circumvolution † 1.29, and afterward pass down in a straight course between the Milt in a Male, and the Ovaries in a Female to the Vent.

A Perch hath two Intestinula Caeca † 1.30, seated on each side of the origen of the Guts, which have three Circumvolutions: The first † 1.31, beginneth pre∣sently after their origen † 1.32, and goeth in a straight Course an inch or more, and then maketh a Circumvolution. After the second Circumvolution † 1.33 is made, the Guts ascend for some space, and then make a third Circumvo∣lution, and afterward pass in a straight Course between the Milt, seated on each side of the Intestinum Rectum.

A Smelt hath but few Guts, which make a short Circumvolution in their Ori∣gen † 1.34, and then go down between the sides of the Arch for some space, and afterward creep under the right Process of the Stomach, and then make their progress almost in a right Line † 1.35.

A Gudgeon hath the origen of its Guts † 1.36 joyned to the Pylorus, where it maketh a short turning (which is the first Circumvolution † 1.37) and then ascend in a straight Posture, and then make a second Maeander † 1.38, and afterward go in a kind of right Line to the Anus.

A Rochet hath many Intestinula Caeca † 1.39, which in their natural situation have their Origen † 1.40 arising out of the beginning of the Intestines, covered by them, about which they make their first Circumvolution † 1.41. And after∣ward when the Intestines have made some progress, they make a second Gyre † 1.42 below, and then the Guts pass Obliquely toward the left side † 1.43, and terminate into the Vent.

A Tench hath many eminent Circumvolutions † 1.44 relating to the Guts, encircling many globules of the Liver, and do end in the Intestinum Rectum † 1.45.

The Guts † 1.46 of a Gurnet run through the Body in length, and have three distinct Circumvolutions, and the origen of the Intestines are garnished with many Intestinula Caeca, which cover the Stomach, and beginning of the Guts.

A Whiting hath a great company of Intestinula Caeca † 1.47, arising out of the beginning of the Intestines, and do cover the Gulet and Process of the Stomach, and the Intestines descend in the left side, in several windings † 1.48.

The Guts of a Turbat, for the most part make a Circle † 1.49, which are chiefly contained within the Semicircle of the Stomach, and end in a Vent †, seated in the upper part of the left side, not far from the Head.

The great Gut beginneth very large, and groweth less and less, and end∣eth into an obtuse Cone, and the whole Gut hath a kind of Circular Cir∣cumvolution.

The Caecum † is a short Appendix, of an oblong round Figure, seated in the beginning of the great Gut, and determines into the Cloaca, or Ter∣mination of the Guts.

The Guts of a Pril, have first a kind of Circular Circumvolution † 1.50, in which some part of the Liver is lodged; and afterward the Guts do sport themselves in many short Maeanders † 1.51.

The Guts have a short Gut appendant to them, which may be called a Caecum † 1.52 † 1.53, or blind Gut; and the Intestines do end in a Vent, seated in the left side about an inch from the Mouth.

The Intestines † 1.54 in a Lamprey, are more large in their Origen, and do pass from the right to the left side, and then make a Circumvolution, and afterward take their progress in a straight course under the Liver: The Guts

have greatest Dimensions in their beginning, and less in their Termination near the Vent.

The Intestines in this Fish are Red, resembling Blood Vessels in Colour, and are endued in their inside with numerous Folds (passing the whole length of the Guts) which give a check to the over-quick motion of the Chyle and gross Excrements.

The Gut † 1.55 of a Gar-Fish, is void of any Circumvolution, and maketh its progress in a straight course, all down the lower Venter to the Vent † 1.56.

The long Intestine hath no Valves in its inside, nor any Cells like those of a Honey Comb (which have been discovered in the single Gut of Stur∣geon) which are instituted by Nature (as I conceive) to give many stops to the over-hasty passage of Excrements.

And the reason I conceive, why this Fish hath but one Gut, destitute of all Folds, Valves, Circumvolutions, is because the Ferments of the Stomach and Guts (having one continued Cavity) are very active and spirituous, as full of Volatil Saline parts, and do quickly colliquate the Aliment, and extract its Liquor; so that the Gut needs no Folds, Valves, or Gyres, to give a long stay (to the nourishment of easie Digestion) in the Stomach and Guts.

A Crab hath many Guts, in reference to its Intestinula Caeca, which are more in number then in other Fish; it hath also two other Guts, the first is con∣joyned to the Stomach, another Gut is the Intestinum Rectum † 1.57, that is lodged in the hinder Region of the lower Venter.

The Intestinula Caeca, are very numerous in this Fish, and are filled with Chyle, a most delicate sweet Liquor; these blind Guts are the chief part that is dressed in the eating a Crab, and divers of the Intestinula Caeca are lodged upon the first Gut, and many others † 1.58 are Appendants of the Intesti∣num Rectum.

Asellus Virescens, hath a multitude of Intestinula Caeca † 1.59, making a Bunch, which beginneth near the Pylorus, and encircleth the Origen of the Inte∣stines, where the first Circumvolution is Semicircular † 1.60, and then the Inte∣stines pass (somewhat wheeling) towards the bottom of the Belly. The Guts when they have made a Semicircle, make many other Meanders, some∣what after the manner of Spires † 1.61.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Guts of Fish.
• * 1.2

  The Guts of a Cod.
• * 1.3

  The Guts of a Dory.
• † 1.4

  Tab. 26.
• † 1.5

  Tab. 26. g.
• † 1.6

  Tab. 26. h.
• † 1.7

  iiii.
• † 1.8

  Tab. 27.
• * 1.9

  The Guts of a Kingston.
• † 1.10

  T. F. 1. l l.
• † 1.11

  Ta. 27. m m.
• † 1.12

  Ta. 27. Fig. 2. b b.
• * 1.13

  The Guts of a Fire-Flaire.
• † 1.14

  Tab. 28. n n.
• * 1.15

  The Guts of a Skait.
• * 1.16

  The Guts of a Base.
• † 1.17

  T. 31.1.
• † 1.18

  T. 31. l. l.
• † 1.19

  T. 13. n.
• † 1.20

  T. 31. o o o.
• * 1.21

  The Guts of a Dog-Fish.
• † 1.22

  T. 32. R R R.
• * 1.23

  The Guts of a Bream.
• † 1.24

  T. 34. k.
• † 1.25

  Ta. 34. m.
• † 1.26

  Ta. 34. o.
• † 1.27

  T. 35. F. 1. l.
• † 1.28

  T. 35. F. 1. h.
• † 1.29

  T. 35. F. 1. m.
• † 1.30

  T. 35. F. 2. e e.
• † 1.31

  Tab. 35. f.
• † 1.32

  Tab. 35. d.
• † 1.33

  Ta. 35. g.
• † 1.34

  T. 35. F. 3 h.
• † 1.35

  Ta. 35. ii.
• † 1.36

  T. 35. F. 4. d.
• † 1.37

  T. 35. T. 4. e.
• † 1.38

  T. 35. F. 4. f.
• † 1.39

  T. 40. F. 1. h.
• † 1.40

  k k.
• † 1.41

  i.
• † 1.42

  l l.
• † 1.43

  n n.
• † 1.44

  T. 40. F. 2. h h h.
• † 1.45

  T. 40. F. 2.1.
• † 1.46

  T. 37. F. 1.
• † 1.47

  T. 37. F. 2. d d d.
• † 1.48

  F. 2. f f.
• † 1.49

  T. 37. F. 3. f f f.
• † 1.50

  T. 37. F. 4. g g.
• † 1.51

  Fig. 4. h h.
• † 1.52

  Fig 4. n.
• † 1.53

  Fig. 4. k.
• † 1.54

  T. 38. F. 1. g g g.
• † 1.55

  T. 38. F. 2. f f.
• † 1.56

  g.
• † 1.57

  T. 39. e e.
• † 1.58

  T. 39. d.
• † 1.59

  T. 40. f f.
• † 1.60

  T. 40. g.
• † 1.61

  T. 40. h h.