A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...

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Title
A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...
Author
Collins, Samuel, 1619-1670.
Publication
In the Savoy [London] :: Printed by Thomas Newcomb,
MDCLXXV [1685]
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Subject terms
Anatomy, Comparative -- 17th century.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A34010.0001.001
Cite this Item
"A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A34010.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 16, 2025.

Pages

CHAP. XXI. Of the Appetite of Hunger.

HAving delineated the Structure of the Stomach, its Tunicles, Arteries, Veins, and Fibres, of which it is Integrated: I will now present you step by step, as in several Courses, with somewhat very grateful to your Palate, with Hunger and Thirst (those great Incentives, courting us to the reception of Aliment) as grand Sauces to render ordinary Meat and Drink high Delicacies to our Taste, which treat us with great Gust, and Delight. And when in great discomposures of our Temper, we have lost our Hunger and Thirst, those natural provocatives, to Eat and Drink the haugh gousts of made Dishes, the best suppletories of Art, speak little or no satisfaction to our faint Appetites, and Palates out of Taste.

Our Glorious Maker, in his most Wise Aeconomy, * 1.1 hath made Hunger and Thirst, the eager desires of Meat and Drink, to be great instruments of Labour and Diligence, to pursue all proper Methods, relating to the good Offices of our several Callings, to procure Meat and Drink, as great supports of our Life and Subsistance.

As to Hunger, the most significant Appetite in order to preserve our Na∣tural Being. I will take the freedom, with your leave, to propound to you (as my Apprehension leads me) the Circumstances, the object about which it is Conversant, and subject in which it is resident, and its manner

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of Operation, the chief ingredients that Circumstantiate; and lastly, the cause that constitutes this useful Appetite of Hunger.

Aristotle, * 1.2 and his Followers, having assigned the Appetite of Hot and Dry, as the object that entertaineth Hunger, which seemeth very strange, because divers kinds of Aliment, as proper Objects (as any can be pro∣pounded) of Hunger, are of a contrary nature, Cold and Moist, or Tem∣perate at least, as all Liquid forms of Aliment made of Corn, Milk, the most simple and wholsome Diet, whereupon it is of most easie Digestion, and less offensive to the Stomach; which if more generally received, would prevent ill habits of Body, and variety of Diseases (the necessary products of wanton Appetites) and lessen the Practice of Physitians, and the ex∣pense of long Courses of Physick, the due punishment of Luxury, and Pom∣pous Treats: Which do not chiefly consist in the prime qualities of Hot and Dry, but in other more grateful Tastes of more delicious well tempered Acids and Sweets; which Italians (great Masters of Palates) call Dulce, Piquante.

So that the Ratio formalis, * 1.3 belonging to the proper object of Hunger, is not constituted of hot and dry, but of sweet and lenient Aliment, which do countermand the roughness of the Stomach, and by it soft unevennesses do fill up the Interstices of its Folds, and do give a check to the keen pursuit of Aliment, and satisfie the troublesome importunity of the Appetite.

Whereupon the Antients, * 1.4 have not so well as might be, placed the ob∣ject of Hunger in the more remote, and less useful first Elementary qualities, which is more reasonably founded in the more near and active Chymical Principles of Saline and Sulphureous, and in well tempered Acids, and Al∣kalys, as full of fixed and Volatil Spirits, the instruments of Fermentation, subservient to the Concoction of Aliment in the Stomach, by reducing it to a laudable Fluor; which disposeth it to a secretion of Fluid and Alimentary parts, from the more solid and gross Faeces, that the white Liquor being Extracted, might be readily entertained into the Intestines, and Milky Ves∣sels, and be thence dispensed into the Subclavian Veins, to associate with the Blood, to give due supplies to repair the decays of Nature.

Learned Doctor Glysson is of opinion, that the most essential part of Ali∣ment consisteth in a nutricious succulency, with which all Meat doth more or less abound, as being apt to be advanced into Chyle; which is contained in it, as the Philosophers phrase it, Non in actu exercito, sed in actu signato: Not actually, but virtually, by reason Aliment hath not in it an Existent Milky Humour, but a Matter only praeviously disposed, consisting of a mild delicate Temper, as impraegnated with Fixed, Sulphureous, and Saline, al∣laied with some Earthy Particles, which are the immediate object of Hun∣ger.

Galen, * 1.5 and his Admirers, phancy the object of Hunger to be seated in a kind of sense relating to Suction, with which the Stomach is affected: This opinion laboureth under great difficulties, because if there be any such action, it must be assigned to some empty Vessels, attracting Liquor in to satiate them, which doth suit with the Arteries, which import Vital Juice to the Ven∣tricle; nor doth this assertion comport with the Veins, which export the Blood imported into the substance of the Stomach by the Arteries So that this Conjecture, that Hunger hath Suction for its Object, is opposite to the aeconomy of Nature, and the laws of Circulation, which is performed by an Impulse, wherein one Particle of a fluid body presseth another forward, which is inconsistent with Suction, or Attraction.

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Having discoursed briefly of the Object, which externally acteth the Sto∣mach in reference to Hunger, I will now endeavour to recount some requi∣site conditions, qualifying it in order to the appetite of Aliment, * 1.6 which con∣sisteth first of all in a laudable Constitution, flowing from the good temper of the Blood; which being removed in its unnatural Feverish Ebullition, pro∣duceth a nauseousness, a faint Appetite, or rather an aversion to Nourish∣ment. But a Question may be started, Upon what reason, the unnatural heat dejecteth the Appetite? Which is raised upon this account: Because it perverteth the Acid, or rather the Saline disposition of the Ferment relating to the Stomach, into Sulphureous Distempers; and the unkindly Efferve∣scence of the Ventricle, disordereth the due opening of the Compage of the Aliment, and spoileth its natural Colliquation.

The second disposition of the Stomach productive of Hunger, * 1.7 is the firm Compage of the Stomach, which being a Nervous and Membranous part, consisteth in a vigorous tone of its Fibres, as they are endued with a due Tenseness, which being lost in an overmoist disposition, the tone of the Ventricle groweth flabby, and lax; which is also produced in the immoderate heat of the Summer, weakning the strength of the Fibres, when the Vital and Animal Liquor and Spirits, are exhausted by too much heat enlarging the Pores of the Skin: And on the other side, in a cold Season of the year, when the fore Doors (relating to the Surface of the Body) are shut up, the Fibres grow more tense, and the Appetite rendred more eager.

The third and eminent qualification of the Stomach, * 1.8 in order to the Appe∣tite of Hunger, proceedeth from a quick Sensation, arising from a good di∣sposition of the Nervous Fibrils, seated in the inward Tunicle of the Sto∣mach; which is a fine Contexture of Minute Nerves, lodged chiefly in the left Orifice (which is the Prime, if not the sole seat of Hunger) whereupon the left Orifice of the Stomach groweth stupid in sleepy Distempers of the Head in Comatose, and Carous Indispositions, Lethargies, Epilepsies, Con∣vulsive Motions, Apoplexies, and the like, wherein the Appetite becometh faint and low; by reason the acute sensation of the Stomach is lessened, or wholly taken away.

Judicious Doctor Glysson, * 1.9 assigneth another reason of the Appetite of Hunger, derived from the structure of the Stomach, in relation to its divers Folds, which are seated in the inward Coat of the Ventricle, much exceed∣ing the other in largeness, whence it is contracted into divers Furrows and Unevennesses, when it is empty; whereupon the inward Tunicle of the Stomach, being sensible of these Asperities, as Troublesome, hath a longing desire to replenish it self, and fill up the empty spaces of the Folds, to free it self from the trouble of its Corrugations.

The fourth requisite to dispose the Stomach to Hunger, is the tenderness, * 1.10 and delicacy of the inward Coat, as stripped of any senseless Covering, but that of Mucous Matter, with which it is lined; so that the inward surface of the Ventricle, when divested of Pituitous Matter, is easily Vellicated, as framed of a most soft Compage, made up of Minute Fibrils, which are easily molested by an Acid, or rather Saline Ferment, the immediate cause of Hunger.

The ultimate and most proper disposition of the Stomach (in which the nature of Hunger principally consisteth) is founded in a voracious temper of the inward Coat, which is querulous and importunate, * 1.11 when it is bereaved of Alimentary Liquor, which by its emollient temper, doth soften and sweeten the Acid and Saline Particles of the Ferment, contained in the

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Cavity of the Stomach, in reference to Dissolution, Colliquation, and Ex∣traction of a soft Milky Humour, bathing the Asperities of the Folds, and lining the tender surface of the inward Coat (irritated by the Acid and Sa∣line Particles, the immediate cause of Hunger) which taketh away the knawing of the Stomach, and the troublesome sollicitation of the Appetite, and giveth a high delight and refreshment to the Body, and complacency to the Mind.

Notes

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