The holy court in five tomes, the first treating of motives which should excite men of qualitie to Christian perfection, the second of the prelate, souldier, states-man, and ladie, the third of maxims of Christianitie against prophanesse ..., the fourth containing the command of reason over the passions, the fifth now first published in English and much augemented according to the last edition of the authour containing the lives of the most famous and illustrious courtiers taken out of the Old and New Testament and other modern authours / written in French by Nicholas Caussin ; translated into English by Sr. T.H. and others.

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The holy court in five tomes, the first treating of motives which should excite men of qualitie to Christian perfection, the second of the prelate, souldier, states-man, and ladie, the third of maxims of Christianitie against prophanesse ..., the fourth containing the command of reason over the passions, the fifth now first published in English and much augemented according to the last edition of the authour containing the lives of the most famous and illustrious courtiers taken out of the Old and New Testament and other modern authours / written in French by Nicholas Caussin ; translated into English by Sr. T.H. and others.
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Caussin, Nicolas, 1583-1651.
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London :: Printed by William Bentley and are to be sold by John Williams,
1650.
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Christian life.
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"The holy court in five tomes, the first treating of motives which should excite men of qualitie to Christian perfection, the second of the prelate, souldier, states-man, and ladie, the third of maxims of Christianitie against prophanesse ..., the fourth containing the command of reason over the passions, the fifth now first published in English and much augemented according to the last edition of the authour containing the lives of the most famous and illustrious courtiers taken out of the Old and New Testament and other modern authours / written in French by Nicholas Caussin ; translated into English by Sr. T.H. and others." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A31383.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 18, 2024.

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The third Treatise, Of DESIRE. (Book 3)

§ 1. Whether we should desire any thing in the world? The Nature, the Diversity, and description of Desire.

THe Sages make a question, whether it be a thing to be wished to have no Desire? And there are of them who * 1.1 think that to live happy and content∣ed, we must banish all desires. For they are amusements which perpetu∣ally entertain us with the time to come, which put us on the Rack, and burn us by our proper thoughts. Desires are the Echoes of our loves, which mock us, and coun∣terfeit certain voices, essences, and personages, which ordinarily are made of nought else but wind.

But now (say others) to have no desires, is to have no soul, no sense, no reason: it is to be a fly, not a man. The Seraphins in Isaiah stand by Gods side, yet cease not to clap their wings, to signifie unto us there is no soul so perfect and contented, which hath not the heart still excited with some generous desire. Trees are puri∣fied by the winds agitation, rivers are cleansed and pur∣ged in their perpetuall currents, and the heart by desires. If we would have no desires, we must not talk any more of eating and drinking; we must no longer have this young lover sigh after his beloved; we must not then admit learned men to make love to wisdome. That wrastlers burn with affection of prizes due to their va∣lour; and that the souldier covers himself with his wounds to embellish his garlands, all ought to be indif∣ferent to us; and that is the way quickly to runne into the nature of rocks and stones.

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We must here make a notable distinction of desires, insomuch, some are naturall, given by God to man for the preservation of himself: Others are artificiall, which arising out of an exorbitant will, are nothing but floud and ebb, but agitations and tempests. Desires are like number, one cannot name any so great, but that it is capable of addition.

Hence it proceedeth, that the world is replenished * 1.2 with desiring, and suffering souls, and that there is not almost any one who is not in expectation, and breathes not the air of the Region of desires. The most part of men resemble the moth which gnaws a garment, and in gnawing eateth its own house: For by the eagernesse of desiring the future, they lose all the pleasure of the present, and demolish their fortune by their greedinesse to raise it. That is it which the Panegyrick wittily ex∣pressed, pronounced before Constantine the sonne. Fe∣licity glideth by us, as the water which streameth along under bridges, when still, full of hope, we rest unfurnish∣ed of contentments.

Desiring hearts (saith S, Augustine) are as those great-bellied women to whom the eternall word hath denounced a Curse in the Gospel. All the world would be but a morsell in the mouth of mans heart (saith Ri∣chardus de sancto Victore) since its wishes are infinite and that it is evident that in Infinity what part soever you assigne, you are still at the beginning.

If you desire that I make you a picture of the nature and perquisits of Desire, I will tell you it is a strange countrey whereunto the prodigall Child sailed, when he forsook his fathers house to undertake a banishment: a Country where corn is still in grasse, vines in the bud, trees perpetually in blossome, and birds alwayes in the shell. You neither see corn, fruit, nor any thing fully shaped; all is there onely in expectation. It is a Countrey full of figures, phantasmes, illusions, and hopes which are dreames without sleep: a Countrey where the inhabitants are never without feavers, one is no sooner gone, but another cometh into its place. There, dwelleth Covetousnesse a great woman, mea∣gre, lean, starven, having round about her a huge swarm of winged boyes, of which some are altogether lan∣guishing, others cast her a thousand smiles as she pas∣seth along; upon her self she hath an infinite number of horsleeches, which suck upon her to the marrow. Time looketh on her afarre off, and never cometh near her, shewing her an enchanted looking-glasse, wherein she seeth a thousand, and a thousand false colours, which amuse her; and when she hath sported enough, she hath nothing to dinner, but smoke.

Behold the table of Covetousnesse grounded upon * 1.3 Theology and the Philosophy of S. Thomas. I say, to explicate my self, that the countrey thereof is the countrey of the prodigall child, and that famine is per∣petually there, Desire being nothing else but a hunger of the good it wisheth: or indeed, a motion of the appetite towards the thing it loveth, and the first degree of love. All is in blossome in this countrey, and never in fruit, insomuch, as he who desiret, hpossesseih nothing, as yet, but in imagination: and such is the nature of Desire, that coming to the end of its carrer, it sinks; sinee where the good is present that is affected, there is no further desire. the Inhabitants there, are continually in fea∣vers, since wishes are but feaverish fervours. All there, is full of phantasmes, because all those blessings are merely imaginary. Covetousness is necessarily hungry, being perpetually in pursuit, never overtaking nor eat∣ing: but if it do overtake and eat, and gluts its heart, it ceaseth to be Covetousness. Verily it hath round about it litle laughing boyes; those are gaudy, and sparkling desires: some sad, they are frustrated desires: Many bloud-suckers, which suck it, they are troublesome, and turbulent Desires. I adde, that time (ever distant from it (entertaineth it with an enchanted mirrour: For it seeth nothing but in the future, and sees many Chy∣meras and illusions, after which it is tormented, As Ty∣gers who beholding the looking-glasse which hunters have set in Forrests, imagine it to be a creature of their own kind shut up in a prison of glasse, and so long they scratch it, till they break it and deface their desire. Last∣ly, I conclude, that they are served at dinner with smoke, all worldly desires being nought else but wind, and smoke.

§, 2, The Disorders which spring from inordinate Desires, and namely from curiosity, and Inconstancy,

O God! should one imagine the misery of those * 1.4 who dwell in this Counrety of Covetousnesse, and who live in worldly desires, and perpetuall distur∣bances; he could not have any thing more efficacious to give him a distaste of it.

I observe, ill-rectified desire causeth three Disorders in the soul, which are sterility, ardour, and unquiet∣nesse: Sterility; for, perswade your self, all the inhabi∣tants of this countrey, which are now adayes many, are empty, hollow soules, void of the solid and eternall good for which they were created, and are filled with imaginary windings, and labyrinths: Ardour; since they are hearts enflamed like Fornaces, which dart forth desires, as Coles do sparks; Hearts, which as the Eagle-stone are still big, but produce nothing: Unquietnesse; for that they live like Hedghogs all environed with sharp quils; There is onely this difference, that sharp quils serve the Hedghog for a defence, and sharp-point∣ed desires kill, and consume those who have them.

You see men who all their life-time lie at anchor: and expect a wind, never sailing; Men, who are con∣tinually in fetters like prisoners; Men, perpetually like to languishing Amorists, or to truantly schollers who vehemently desire play-dayes. some, the most spiritu∣all thirst after books, and libraries: others please them∣selves with Ideas of dogges, of birds, of apes, and of horses: Others, in imagination, handle pieces of chrystall, pictures, Diamonds, and pistolls: Others cut out garments at their pleasure, of the richest stuffes which fancy can furnish them with; some are eager af∣ter hunting, and traffick; others, after Courtship, and Game: Some, go to the temple of Honour; others mind nothing but money. It were a very hard thing to reckon up all the feavers, purgatories, and pains of those passionate souls; For indeed, naturall Desires are not limitted by nature which made them; but those which consist in opinion have no limits, as Imagination which produceth them, hath no measure; but although men be very different in desires, they agree all in one point, which is, never to be contented, alwayes to desire some change, and noveltie, and so ardently to desire it that there are such to be found, who for a ruf-band, or a shoe, would gladly hasten the course of the sun, as they set forward the hand of the diall.

But among these Symptomes, which are frequent with persons infected with such like diseases, I discover * 1.5 two other passions of Curiosity, and Inconstancy, the companions of desire. Note; that Truth sitteth in a Throne all replenished with lights, and is of very diffi∣cult accesse, if one have not wisdome for direction. For ordinarily Curiosity way-layeth such as go about to approch to it, and involveth them in vast labyrinths of errours. This curiosity (if you desire to know the na∣ture of it) is nought else but irregular appetite to know things either vain, unprofitable, or evil. It dwelleth in a Countrey fertile in apparance, but very barren in ef∣fect,

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it hath in its dominion many spirits (to speak tru∣ly) neither dull nor stupid; for they all have smart∣nesse and vivacity; but the most part have a great want of judgement and discretion to serve as a Coun∣terpoise to their levity. They will know all, and in an instant ask more questions then the seven Sages of Greece could resolve in ten years; so likewise they are of the nature of those Starres which raise tempests and cannot calm them, since they frame a thousand casual∣ties, a thousand difficulties in affairs, and never derive a good conclusion: you may say, if you well weigh them, that they have a worm in their wits which gnaws them; that they are men sick in health, and living dead-men who neither know what they would, what they do, nor what they are. Curiosity, seeing they have so much * 1.6 disposition to receive its impressions, entertaineth them in the winding wayes of Truth, like a Mountebank, who puts a multitude upon a gaze, by letting them see infi∣nite many dainty colours in a Triangular-glasse, and in the conclusion sends them away dinnerlesse, with hun∣ger in their teeth, and illusion in their eyes.

After these slight amusements, this evil Mistresse turns them over to anxiety, anxiety delivers them to new desires, and new desires to servitude, servitude to ignorance, ignorance to presumption, and presumpti∣on to unquietnesse of mind. From thence they, who are * 1.7 deeper plunged into this poison of false wisdome, take the way of impiety, others of misery and poverty; some of choler, of envy, of slander, and despair; the best provided are like the Danaides, who do nought but fill and empty their tub, but to no purpose. All are not sick of one same disease; For some have a Cu∣riosity, black and faulty, as those who seek for a Master in matter of Religion, and would gladly talk with a de∣vil to learn news from Paradise: or such as those who strain curious Sciences so hard, that they sqeeze black and maligne vices out of them, as Magick, or the trick of coining false money: or as those who are mad to hear, to see, to know the vices, or mischiefs of others. Others have a more innocent Curiosity, one of medals, another of Tulipaes, some of voyages, others of com∣panies; and indeed, of all things which may serve for incentives to Concupiscence.

There are of them who are much disquieted with matters which little concern them, they are curious to know all that passeth in the world in the Indies, in Japo∣nia: how many elephants the great Mogull keeps; who is to succeed the King of China in his Empire; whether the great Turk armeth; whether the Persian stirreth; and what forces Prester John hath for the preservation of his State. They think within themselves, what a face they would set upon it if they were Kings or Popes: They in their heads dispose of Kingdomes: They raise Republicks, they rig forth ships, they pitch battels; and after they have doated, they find nought but nothing in their hands. Others advance not their aims so high, but rest satisfied with inferiour thoughts and petty cares; as how to trot up and down the streets, to visit houses, and to ask of all they meet, what news do you hear? As also to observe post-dayes, and to visit their friends round, by a list-roll indifferently, to heap together the bruits of the City, to vent them again without any consideration. There are some who make vows of pilgrimages, not out of Devotion towards Saints, but from a purpose to content their Curiosity. They know all the Indulgencies which are throughout all the Churches of the Province, and beyond, all the houses that are built, all the christnings every day, all the weddings celebrated, all the child-births of male or female, all the merchandizes newly brought in, all the strangers who arrive, all the suits determinated, all the charges given, all the offices sold, all the pamphlets cry∣ed up and down the streets: Their heads are wonder∣full Fairs, whither merchants come from all sides, there is not a moment of repose, and solitude with such is ac∣counted a petty Hell.

This multiplicity of Desires is waited on by another * 1.8 Malady of Inconstancy, which is properly a levity, and an irresolution of mind which sheweth it self in his manners, actions, and words, who is touched with it. To say truth, this passion is a Devil who inhabiteth in * 1.9 a land of Quicksilver, where Earthquakes are almost perpetuall, winds blow on each side; and blowing, make many weather-cocks to turn to and fro, and eve∣ry moment change posture; In this place, an admirable Creature is to be seen, who is not what she is, and is that she is not; so many faces and figures she hath: She likewise is still upon transformations, and seems to do nothing at all, but to make, and unmake her self. One while she is great, another while little, one while grosse, another while slender, one while affable, ano∣ther while harsh, one while serious, another while gamesome, but ever slippery; and if you lay hold of her, you catch nothing. She goes forth of her lodging to appear in publick, as if she came into a Theatre, clothed, one while in changeable Taffaty, another while with different pieces set together out of a singular Fan∣tastick addlenesse of wit. She alone representeth all personages, talks with all kind of voyces, and in all manner of languages. After her we behold a million of petty phantasmes, imperfect in shape, and which seem to be but pieces roughly begun, which we may say are her works.

If you a little observe the men which inhabit this kingdome of Inconstancy, you shall find they are peo∣ple whose humours consist much of air and water; for they are alwayes supple and pliant to all manner of ob∣jects, they have a spirit which brooketh not businesses with a strong and solid penetration, to see the bottome of it; but onely scratch them with a little bodkin which is blunted and broken presently. If you could see their heart and brain, you should behold in the one huge squadrons of thoughts which scuffle together like Cadmus his souldiers: in the other, a mighty masse of desires and indigested purposes, which renders them very unable to receive the impressions of the Divinity. as S. Basil hath observed upon that Prophet Isaiah. * 1.10 It seemeth all this kind of people have a will of wax, and that any man may work it which way he list. Their passions are sharp, and ardent in the beginning, so that they transport judgement, which is either notably weak, or much benummed; but they last not: for they in∣stantly are troubled at things present, and ever tum their face away from the future, never (as it were) being where they are, and still being where they neither are nor can be. You shall see they every day begin to live, yea, when they should make an end; and if they do any good, they do it but by halves, never allowing themselves leisure to lick their Bear (as they say) nor to finish their work; so precipitate they are by contra∣riety of different desires which draw them this way and that way, and destroy all the abilities of their wits. You shall note in them a great greedinesse after novel∣ties, and continuall changes of manners, study, apparel, of wearing their hair, of their manner of living, gate, of voyce, of conversation, of sports, exercises, coun∣sels, loves, of amities, words, and of mouths which at once breathe forth hot and cold. To con∣clude, their life is nought else but the floud and ebbe of a continuall Euripus, it is replenished with sha∣dows, giddinesse, and illusions, which in effect make it miserable; For commonly it is waited on by dis∣esteem, grief, shame, anxiety, and great shipwracks of wit and renown.

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§ 3, The four sources out of which ill-rectified desires proceed.

YOu must know, that those restlesse desires which toil us, proceed from four sources: the first and * 1.11 principall whereof is, a Heart void of things Divine; there being not (saith S. Augustine) a more mani∣fest signe, that a soul is not well with God, then, when it entertaineth a multiplicity of desires. Mo∣ses pulled off his shoes before the burning bush, where he saw his eyes cleared by the rayes of the Di∣vine Majesty, (in my opinion) to teach us, that his heart was at an end of its journey, since he had found the Centre of eternall Rest. Whilst the soul of man is out of the limits which God assigned it, well it may find Innes to lodge in, but it never finds a home; But he who knows the way how to accommodate himself, in all things, to the will of God, hath found the industry of an Infinite good, in the accomplishment of his desires.

It is to live like Cain in the region of Instability, and to walk upon a quagmire, daily to entertain so many fresh appetites. Their multiplication witnesseth e∣nough the barrennesse of their purchase; but when one well tasteth God, and finds him to comprehend all re∣lishes; he forsaketh all to follow him, and the Heart hath no more to do, but to please him who is the source of its Contentment.

The second cause of desires, is a promptitude, and a vivacity of the Mind, which bends much to levity, and is not at all balasted by solidity of judgement, whereby the soul is set at liberty to flie after all manner of objects, as bees do after flowers. I will deliver unto you an excellent doctrine, which will teach us, that be∣tween a ship and the heart of a man (if we consider them well) there is much resemblance. The ship is a house * 1.12 of the sea, and the heart is the habitation of the soul, whilst it is in the ocean of this mortall life. The ship goes on the waters, and the heart upon abysses: The ship hath its sails, and the heart its aims: The ship is guided by the rudder, and the heart by prudence: The ship expecteth winds, and the heart the divers motions of its thoughts: The ship feeleth tempests, and the heart passions: the ship feareth rocks, and the heart ob∣stacles: The ship suffers shipwrack under water, and the heart under the gulf of iniquity: The ship in the haven, and the heart in tranquillity.

Now as in the Scripture there are three sorts of ships specified; so there likewise are three manner of hearts. Some compared to ships which carry fruit, are such as * 1.13 are replenished with affections and desires; with plea∣sures and contentments of the world; which are ene∣mies of the present, and perpetually sigh after the fu∣ture. Others, are ships of traffick, which are continu∣ally * 1.14 full of affairs, disturbances, great and little cares, that steal the repose of life from them. The rest are the ships of Tharsus in the Mediterranean sea, which carry * 1.15 great designs, great earthly ambitions, and are very often tossed by most impetuous winds.

The third source of our Appetites is a hot and san∣guine Complexion, which in our heart enkindleth ma∣ny desires like unto a fire made with straw, violent enough in the beginning, but of no lasting: as on the contrary, cold people have fewer desires, but are more pertinacious in the pursuit of them.

It is said we must beware of a man, who hath but one thing to do, because his thoughts being perpetually bent upon one and the same object, he becomes ex∣tremely troublesome to those from whom he desireth the accomplishment of his designe: so must we defend our selves from a man who hath but one desire: especially when it is inordinate; For we may easily escape from such as have many cares. Time wasteth them as fast as he produceth them; it is needlesse to oppose, or much to contradict them: let their minds rest, and you shall find the purpose they had in the morning, to be quite gone by the evening, like the Ephemery, which lives but one day. Now as for those, who have amassed together all the strength of their soul, upon one desire they are immeasurably urgent, and cease not to persecute you untill they have put their wish in execution.

The fourth is a certain crooked winding of a Heart, which is (as it were spungy and insatiable, joyned to a debility of spirit which apprehendeth want and ne∣cessity, and this makes it to fasten upon any thing to help it self.

Tertulliun saith, that all these wandring souls have * 1.16 no other profession in this life, but to be in wish, where they cannot be personally in presence. The end of one desire provoketh them to begin another. Their desires resemble fruits that passe away, which in their latter sea∣son retain some beauty of their first vigour. There are many who esteem it a bitter businesse to expect, and who had rather see their hopes cut off, then to find out the way how to prolong them: but such are born to desire, they are not pleased with a victory already got∣ten; you do greatly wrong them, instantly, to give what they ask, they love even things unlawfull, because they are such, and so soon as they are permitted them, they lose that place which they had before in their heart.

§ 4. That the tranquillity of Divine Essence, for which we are created, ought to rule the un-quietnesse of our desires.

AGainst this passion, I have two remedies to pro∣pose * 1.17 in two Reasons; the first whereof is drawn from the first model, which is the heavenly Fa∣ther; and the second from the second, which is the In∣carnate Word, since in them are the most efficacious wayes for reformation of the table of the Soul. As for the first, I say, that our soul being made to the Image of God, and for the possession and fruition of God, it will never rest but in the conformity of its understanding and will, with the understanding and will of its Creatour. Now, what think you would God desire, if he were ca∣pable of desire; what would he wish to see, to know, and to have? nothing but himself: and insomuch as he is eternally and inseparably with himself, he is not capa∣ble of any impression of desires whatsoever. We can∣not be like unto God without desires, whilst we are in the world; but we may, and ought to have but one main desire, which is God himself.

Imagine your heavenly Father to be a great sea of * 1.18 Essences, of perfections, and of contentments, a sea which hath neither bottome nor shore; a sea wherein all the vessels of curious souls suffer shipwrack. Imagine with your self an Exemplary world, a vast world of wisdome, of sanctity, of intelligencies, of lives, of rea∣sons, and of forms. There God inhabiteth within him∣self, being to himself, (as saith Tertullian) place, pa∣lace, * 1.19 world; there he is absorpt as in a huge abysse of delights, not to be imagined. He from all eternity hath his felicity purely perfect, and concentred in his own bosome, seeing he from all eternity hath his Sonne, his great and onely Conception, which emptieth him with∣out his emptinesse, which issueth from him without is∣suing forth, which abideth in him without distinction of Essence, or confusion of Persons.

He hath all his loves within himself, since he hath * 1.20 his holy Spirit, a substantiall flame of love, enkindled in his heart by his proper will, which is the eternall and unquenchable fornace of all chaste affections. He hath all his desires limited and replenished, since, as he sees

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nothing out of himself; so he cannot desire any thing out of himself. If you imagine the sea (saith S. Au∣gustine) * 1.21 it is not God: If you imagine the earth with so many rivers which moisten it, so many herbs and flowers which enamel it, so many trees which cover it, so many living creatures which furnish it, so many men which inhabite and cultivate it, it is not God. If you in your thoughts figure the air, with all its birds so dif∣ferent in shape, so various in plumage, so diversified in their notes, it is not God. If you go up to those Chrystaline and Azure vaults, where the Sunne and Moon and so many Starres perform their career with such measure, it is not God. If you behold in heaven innumerable legions of Angels, Spirits of fire and light, resplendent before the face of God, as lamps of balsamum lighted before the propitiatory, it is not God: but God is he who comprehendeth all that, who bounds it, and incomparably surpasseth it.

All things (say Divines) are in God by way of eminency, as in the Exemplar Cause which mouldeth them, as in the Efficient Cause which produceth them, as in the Finall Cause which determines them: but they are in a manner so elate and exalted, that those same which in themselves are inanimate, in God, are spirit and life.

All the Creatures we have seen produced in the re∣volution of so many Ages, are as Actours, which God * 1.22 (who is the great Master of the Comedy which is acted in this world) kept hidden behinde the hangings in his Idea's, more lively and more lustrous then they be on the stage. The World strikes the hour of their Entrances, and Exits of their life and death; but the great Clock of God in his Eternity, hath at one instant strucken all their hours. Nothing to him is unexpected, nothing unknown, nothing new: All that which tieth the desires of the most curious, all that which suspend∣eth the admiration of the sagest: all, which enflameth the hearts, of the most passionate, Lands and Seas, Magazines of Nature, Thrones, Theatres, Arms, and Empires; all are but a silly drop of dew before the face of God.

Then how can God but live contented within him∣self, * 1.23 since the smallest streams of the fountain which springs from his bosome, may suffice a million of worlds. O ungratefull and faithlesse soul! the same Paradise which God hath for himself, he hath prepa∣red for thee; he will, thou beholdest thy self, that thou contemplatest thy self, that thou reposest thy self in his heart; yet thou flutterest up and down like a silly but∣terfly among so many creatures, so many objects, so many desires; perpetually hungry, ever distant from thy good, ever a traitour to thy repose and glory. Beggarly soul, which beggest every where: Miserable soul which in every place findest want in abundance: Ignominious soul, upon whose front all loves have stamped dishonour; when wilt thou rally together all thy desires into one period? When wilt thou begin to live the life of God, to be satisfied with Gods content∣ment, and to be happy with Gods felicity?

§ 5. That we should desire by the imitation of Jesus Christ.

THe second Reason that I draw from the second * 1.24 Model, which is, the Word Incarnate, the Rule and Example of all our actions, is, that Jesus Christ had no other desire on earth, but to suffer, to be dissol∣ved, and to annihilate himself for the glory of his hea∣venly Father, by subjecting rebellious powers to his Sceptre, and by gaining souls, of which he infinitely was desirous, even to the last moment of his life. The * 1.25 Philosopher Plato in the Book of the order of the Uni∣verse, writeth, that all the Elements naturally desired to evaporate themselves in the Celestiall Region, as it were therein to obtain a more noble, and more eminent state of consistence. Now the deaf and dumb desire, which things inanimate have, to be transformed into a nature more delicate; is most apparent in the sacred Humanity of the Son of God, which, although it al∣wayes remained within the limits of its Essence, it not∣withstanding had an ineffable sympathy with the Di∣vinity, being totally plunged therein, as iron in burning coals. It in all, and through all, followed its motions, will, and ordinances, as true dials wait on the Sun; nor had it any desire more ordinary, then to make a profu∣sion of it self, in all it had created.

Theology teacheth us, that albeit, the will of God were necessitated in certain actions, as in the producti∣on of the love which sprang from the sight of God; notwithstanding in others, it was altogether free, able to do, and not to do such, or such a thing according to his good pleasure; as at such or such a time to go, or not to go into Jury. Able, of two good things which were presented, to chuse the one or leave the other; as, to do miracles, rather in Jury then in Sidon. Able also * 1.26 to do the things ordained him by his heavenly Father out of motives and reasons such as his wisdome thought best to chuse: In all those liberties, never pretended he ought but the Glory and Service of his Father. Good God, what sublimate is made in the limbeck of Love, what evaporations, and what separations of things, even indivisible, are made in the five great annihila∣tions which Theology contemplateth in the person of Jesus Christ!

First, the inseparable Word of God seemeth to make a divorce, but a divorce of obedience, and to se∣parate it self; but with a separation alwayes adherent by the condition of a forreign nature transplanted into * 1.27 the Divinity. Secondly, he, by a new miracle per∣mitteth, that this Humane nature tied to the Divine nature, be separated from its subsistence, its last deter∣mination and substantiall accomplishments. Thirdly, that Glory be separated from the estate and condition of Glory, yielding his glorious soul up as a prey to sadnesse. Fourthly, he separateth himself not onely from the signs and conditions of a Messias, but almost from the resemblance of a man, being become us a worm.

Lastly, he draws himself into the interiour of his * 1.28 soul of his own accord, and wholly melts himself as Incense in the fire: in such sort, that S. Gregory very well saith, That he is the Amber of the Prophet Eze∣kiel, enrobed with the heat of flames. But better saith Origen, who calleth him the Perfume which is annihi∣lated * 1.29 for us; comparing the will of the Son of God to a viol filled with an aromatick liquor, which one hath turned up-side down to empty it to the last drop; so the desires and affections of Jesus are poured forth in the bosome of his heavenly Father. But most espe∣ally * 1.30 on the day of his Passion, for then was the time when the Prophecy of Habakuk was accomplished; It is thon who mountest upon the light-horses, and who bearest salvation in thy mysterious chariot.

I now leave those who interpret this passage of the chariot of God triumphing in those ugly darknesses of Egypt. I leave those who referre it to the second co∣ming. I follow the Interpretation which S. Ambrose * 1.31 presenteth unto me, who calleth the Crosse a gibbet of Triumph, and others who term it the true chariot of the glory of the God of hostes. I consequently say, that the light-horses of our Saviour are his winged and flaming desires, which bare him more gloriously then Elias unto the throne of Honour, where he hath made a full consummation of himself, by the separation of

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his bloud and soul in that great Sacrifice, which put Heaven to mourning, the Sunne into eclipse, the Earth into quakings, and men the most stupid into affrightment. O with what obedience, with what resignation did that dying Swan then appear, when all the starres (as Dydimus relateth) about three of the clock afternoon were seen in the heavens to en∣lighten his death! O, with what union of his will to Gods will, he spake these words, O my God, O my Father, behold me on the Pile to be sacri∣ficed to thy Divine Majesty: My God, I have desired it from the first moment of my conception, * 1.32 I have had the law of Obedience engraven in my heart with a chizzel of fire and an eternall chara∣cter, and at this time (O my celestiall Father) I wish it, I would it, and will protest it whilst my soul shall be on my lip, to have but one onely desire in the world, which is to annihilate my self in ac∣complishing thy will!

§ 6. The condemnation of the evil Desires of the world, and the means how to divert them.

ANd yet thou (O disloyall soul) wilt in thy heart entertain a masse of Desires, thou wilt * 1.33 rather live among feavers and burning coals, then tie thy self to the will of God! Rebel, thou hast * 1.34 prostituted thy self on high and below, upon the mountains and under trees, under cedars and on the hysop; so many great and little Desires have pos∣sessed thy heart. Thou miserable man, to have af∣fection in store for a deceiving creature, who hath put the sword of division into thy marriage, to cut asunder a knot tied before the face of Angels and men! Thou unfortunate maid, unlucky victime, to fill all the sails of thy Desires for a man more light then the wind, and more faithlesse then ice; whose words are but promises, promises but per∣juries, perjuries but forsakings, and forsakings but diastres; and to have neither heart nor thought for God, a Father so benigne, a Saviour so affection∣ate, a Lover so loyall! Thou, to burn alive with black and shamefull flames of ravenous avarice; and to have no feeling for him, who hath the beauty of fields, the enamel of meadows, the extent of seas, the riches of metals, and all the magazines of the Universe in his bosome! Thou, to run at randome after transitory honour, which glisters like a worm in a piece of rotten wood, and which pricketh like a thorn; and not to hold sympathy with him who crowneth the heads of his Elect with eternall garlands! Thou, to live daily in fits of fire and ice for a slight toy, for a gorget, for a chopino, for a little dog, a parichito, for all that which I nei∣ther can nor dare to expresse! O what a shame is it, that all creatures serve for snares and prisons to hearts moistned with the bloud of Jesus; and they not to be softned by this venerable shower, able to break rocks asunder, and dissolve anvils!

You will ask me what you should do to be de∣livered from this tyranny? First, accustome your self to cut away all superfluities, whether of appa∣rel; * 1.35 diet, vain company, or other delights which fight against the law of God. Reduce your appetites to a small cost, and take more care how to end them, then to cherish them. Resolve with your self to lop off all your superfluities, and to be contented with little, holding it for a thing most assured, that by how much the lesse you shall depend on your greedy desires (which are most forward mistresses, to whom you have prostituted your Christian liberty) so much shall you be the more near to God.

Secondly, if you feel in your heart some seeds of desires to sprout and disquiet you; seasonably prevent them, one while diverting them by some laudable employment, another while by pulling them up with main strength in their first tendernesse, and never to * 1.36 let them get strength to your prejudice. It is much more easie to defend ones self in the beginning from a passion, then to moderate the violence of the exorbitancy when it is lodged in your heart.

Thirdly, follow Aristotle's counsel, and look * 1.37 on all the objects of pleasure, not such as they are, when they at first soothe Sensuality, but such as they be when they turn their backs to forsake us. Lastly, exercise your self continually in the desire of joyes eternall.

Behold all those things which environ you, all those honours, those riches, those pomps, as deceitfull and momentary things; Behold them as a flitting company; Each day undo a knot of your slavery; Put your self into the liberty of Gods Children; Place your self in such a nakednesse of spirit that you may say, One, and no more. Blind soul, how canst thou live one sole mo∣ment with so many desires, which are as so many daugh∣ters to marry? what a care must be had well to bestow them? what a fear to bestow them ill? what a grief that they are ill bestowed? Stupid soul, canst thou rest with so many bloud-suckers fastned to the marrow of thy bones, which draw thence all thy vitall humour, and make thee have a life which hath nothing lesse then life in it? Temerarious soul, who hast dared to think, that forsaking thy Creatour, thou elsewhere shouldst find a better match! Go, and see the obstacles which daily meet with those who hunt after honours, favours, and worldly wealth. Go, go, behold, and thou shalt see a thousand fishes swim in a pond after a rotten worm. How many battails must thou wage, how ma∣ny sweats of death must thou sweat, how many iron∣gates must thou break through, to content one onely of thy desires? O how often will the Heavens and the Elements conspire against thy affections, which thou so unworthily, so disastrously hast placed?

O what bloudy sorrows at thy death, when God shall draw aside the curtain of the city of peace, and shall shew thee an infinite number of souls in the bo∣some of Beatitude, for having well disposed their De∣sires; and on the other side, burning coals to expiate affections ill managed!

O what horrour, what terrour, and what despair, if the Angels come and say with a voyce of thunder, Foris * 1.38 Canes, and that we must wander up and down in affe∣ction with a hunger everlastingly enraged after a good we so many times have despised! O Jesus, the desire of Eternall mountains, draw to thee all my desires, since thou art the Adamant. Jesus, the love of all faithfull souls, take all my affections, since thou art the Centre of all hearts. Jesus, the Joy and Crown of all the Elect, stay my floating hopes: since thou art the haven of hearts, stretch out an assisting hand to so many er∣rours, and set me in a place where I may desire nothing: but let it be such a place, wherein I may love that which is infinitely amiable.

Notes

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