Britanniæ speculum, or, A short view of the ancient and modern state of Great Britain, and the adjacent isles, and of all other the dominions and territories, now in the actual possession of His present Sacred Majesty King Charles II the first part, treating of Britain in general.

CHAP. IX. Of the Restauration of the British Mo∣narchy by King James: His De∣scent from Cadwalladar.

* 1.1THe conquering Saxons, having possest themselves of all the Sou∣thern parts of the Isle, except what lies beyond the Severn, and the moun∣tainous Countrey of Cornwall, whither they had forced the Britains to retire, gave to the Countrey, held by them∣selves, first the Name of East Saxony beyond Sea, and afterwards that of England: That Part of the Island, which was still enjoyed by the Britains, they called Wales, the Inhabitants Walsh or Welsh-men, and their chief Governours Kings and Princes of Wales. Hereby was the Name of Britain banished as it were the Island for above nine hundred years, till such time as, the Line of Henry the VIII^th. (whose three Children, Reign∣ing successively, died Issueless) being extinct, the Crown of England by in∣dubitable Hereditary Right fell to James the VI^th. King of Scotland,

whose Great Grandmother was Mar∣garet, eldest Daughter to Henry the VII^th. King of England. This fa∣mous Monarch (as is manifest by his Genealogy hereunto annext) lineally descending from Cadwalladar, the last King of the Britains, not only re∣stored the British Line to the Throne, but the Name of Britain also to the Island, causing himself immediately upon his Coming to this Crown to be stiled King of Great Britain.

The KINGS And Princes of WALES,* 1.2 from whom is Lineally descended the Royal Family of the STƲARTS, now actually swaying the Scepter of GREAT BRITAIN.

CADWALLADAR King of Britain, driven by the Saxons to for∣sake his Native Country, sojourned with his Kinsman Alan, King of Little Britain in France, whence designing again for Britain, he was by an Angel admonished in a Vision to go to Rome, where he ended his dayes Anno Domini 688. With him died the British Monarchy.

• Edwal Ywrch, left by his Father at his De∣parture for Rome in Little Britain with his Cosen Alan, who sent his Son Ivor with a Navy into Britain, where he was the first King of Wales.
  • 1. Roderick Molwynoc, who in the Year 720. suc∣ceeded his Cosen Ivor, the Son of Alan, in the Kingdom of Wales.
  • 2. Fermael, who died without Issue in the Year 763.

RODERICK MOLWYNOC, King of Wales, had Issue.

• 1. Conan Tindaethwy, King of Wales.
  • Esylht, Queen of Wales, married to a Nobleman named Mervyn Vrych, descended in the right Line from Belinus, Brother of Brennus, King of Britain. His Mother was Nest, Daughter to Cadelh, Prince of Powys, whose Father was Brochwel Yscithroc, Prince of Powys, that in the Year 617. fought against the Saxons at Bangor.
    • 1. Roderick Mawr, King of Wales, who by his Wife Engharad, Daugh∣ter to Meyrick, Prince of Cardigan, had a numerous Issue. He divided Wales into three Talaiths or Kingdoms: Giving to Anarawd, his Eldest Son (to whom the other two were Tributaries) Gwyneth or Northwales; to Ca∣delh, his second Son, Dehevbarth or South∣wales;

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    • to Mervyn, his third Son, Mathraval or Powys.
      • 1. Anarawd, King of Northwales, and Soveraign of all Wales, died in the year 913. leav∣ing behind him two Sons.
        • 1. Edwal Voel, King of North∣wales, and So∣vereign of all Wales who had a numerous Issue.
        • 2. Elise, slain with his Brother, King Edwal Voel, in the year 940.
          • Conan, who died without Issue.
          • Trawst a Daugh∣ter, married to a Nobleman, named Sitsylht.
      • 2. Cadelh, King of Southwales, and, after the Death of his Brother Mer∣vyn, of Powys, from whom descended the Kings and Princes of Southwales.
      • 3. Mervyn, King of Powys, who, being slain in the year 900. was succeeded by his Brother Cadelh, King of Southwales.
    • 2. Gwyriad, who together with his Brother King Roderick was slain in the Year 877.
  • 2. Howel, who, rebel∣ing against his Bro∣ther, was by him o∣vercome, and forced to fly into the Isle of Man, where he died Anno. 819.

TRAWST, the Daughter of Elise, by her Husband Sitsylht, had Issue.

• Lhewelyn, who mar∣ried Angharad, the Daughter and Heir of Meredyth, King of Southwales. This Lhewelyn in the Year 1015. raised a great Power against Aedan, the Son of Blegored, who had usurped the King∣dom of Northwales, whom with his four Sons having slain, he took to himself the Name and Authority of King of Wales.
  • 1. Gruffyth, who in the year 1037. having slain in battle Jago, King of Northwales, as∣sumed the Kingdom to himself.
    • A Daughter, not named, married to Fleance, Son of Bancho, a Scotch Nobleman, cruelly murthered by Mackbeth, King of Scotland, whose Fury Fleance escaping, fled into Wales, where being kindly received by King Gruffyth, he privately married his Daughter, whereat the King, who by his Daughters be∣ing

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    • with Child had found out the Marriage was so highly offended, that he caused Fleance to be kild, and his Daughter imprisoned, who was soon after delivered of a Son, which was named
      • Walter, who, going into Scotland, grew into such Favor with King Malcolm the IIId. that he was by him made Lord High Stew∣ard of Scotland, receiving the Kings Reve∣nues of the whole Realm, by the faithful Discharge of which Office, he merited for for himself and Posterity the Surname of Stuart.
  • 2. Rees, slain at a place, called Bulendune, in the year 1053.
• 2. Conan, slain with his Brother Lhewelyn in the year 1021.

This was the Rise and Original of the Royal Family of the Stuarts, which has now for above three hund∣red years been in possession of the Crown of Scotland, and about four∣score the sole Monarchs of Great Bri∣tain. But tho this Descent be of the Younger House, as coming from Elise, second Son of Anarawd, the first King of Northwales; yet that his present Majesty of Great Britain is by Right of Primogeniture the next and un∣doubted Heir to Cadwalladar, will ma∣nifestly appear by the following Table, representing

The Progeny Of Cadwalladar, continued from Edwal Voel, the eldest Son of Anarawd, to our present Dread Soveraign King CHARLES the IId. now swaying the Scepter of Great Britain,

EDWAL VOEL King of Northwales, and Sovereign of all Wales, eldest Son of Anarawd, first King of Northwales, and Grandson of Roderick Mawr, King of Wales, had Issue.

• 1. Meyric, who was deprived of his Inheri∣tance, first by his Cosen How∣el Dha, the el∣dest Son of Ca∣delh, first King of Southwales, & afterwards by his own Brethren Jevaf and Jago. In the year 973. he had his Eyes put out by his Nephew How∣el, the Son of Jevaf, and soon after died in Prison, leaving behinde him two Sons.
• 2. Jevaf, who with his Bro∣ther Jago after the Death of Howel Dha, usurped the Kingdom of Northwales, being the Right of their eldest Brother Meyric. About the year 967. he was Imprisoned by his Brother Jago, and in the year 973. set at liberty by his Son Howel, who chased Ja∣go out of the Land, and took the Kingdom to himself.
• 3. Jago, who toge∣ther with his Bro∣ther Jevaf in the year 948. after the Death of Howel Dha, usur∣ped the Kingdom of Northwales, which of right be∣longed to their elder Brother Meyric.

MEYRIC, the Son of Edwal Voel, had Issue

• 1. Jonaval, who in the year 985. was slain by Cadwalhon, the Son of Jevaf, and left no Issue
• 2. Edwal, who in the year 992. recovered his Grandfathers Inheri∣tance, and after six years was slain by Swayn King of Denmark.
  • Jago, who, being under Age at his Fathers Death, was deprived of his Inheritance by Aedan the Son of Blegored, slain in the year 1015. by Lhewelyn, the Son of Sitsylht, who being in the year 1021. kild by Howel and Meredyth, the Sons of Edwyn, Jago recovered his Kingdom, but was in the year 1037. slain by Gruffyth, the Son of Lhewelyn.
    • Conan, who, being by Gruffyth ap Lhewelyn driven out of his Inheritance, fled into Ire∣land, where he married the Daugher of Al∣fred, King of Develyn.
      • Gruffyth, who, in the year 1078. bringing a great Army of Irishmen and Scots into Wales, and joyning with Rees ap Theodor, the Heir of Southwales, recovered his Grandfathers Kingdom. He is the last, to whom the Wel•…•… Historians give the Name of King.

GRƲFFYTH, Son of Conan, had Issue.

• Owen Gwyneth, Prince of Northwales, and Soveraign of all VVales. He died in the year 1169. leaving behind him a numerous Issue.
  • 1. Jorwerth Drwyndwn, deprived of Inheri∣tance by his younger Brother David.
    • Lhewelyn, Prince of Northwales, and Sove∣raign of all VVales, for his Heroick Acts sur∣named the Great, who in the year 1237. be∣ing weakned by a Palsy, and vexed with the Rebellion of his Base Son Gruffyth, sent Ambassadours to Henry the IIId. King of England, submitting himself to his Protecti∣on, condescending to hold his Principality of him, and promising upon all Occasions to assist him to the uttermost of his Power. He died in the year 1240.
  • 2. David, who, usurping the Right of his eldest Brother, succeeded his Father in the Princi∣pality, which he held till the year 1194. when he lost it to his Nephew Lhewelyn, the right Heir.

LHEWELYN, the Son of Jorwerth, by his Wife Jone, Daughter to John King of Eng∣land, had Issue.

• David, Soveraign Prince of VVales, who submitted himself and his Principality to his Uncle Henry the IIId. King of England, doing him Homage and Feal∣ty for the same. He died in the year 1246. without Issue.
• Gladys Dhu a Daugh∣ter, married to Ralph Lord Mortimer of Wig∣mor, by whom she had Issue
  • Roger Mortimer, Lord of VVigmor, who ought to have succeeded his Uncle David in the Principality of VVales; but the VVelsh Nobility out of their Aver∣sion to the English, not regarding his Right, did their Homage to Lhewelyn and Owen Goch, Sons of Gruffyth, Bastard-brother to the last Prince, who divided the Principality be∣tween them, till that Lhewelyn in the year 1254. having taken his Brother Owen Priso∣ner in battel, enjoyed alone the whole Prin∣cipality. But in the year l282, Lhew∣elyn being slain by one Adam Francton an Englishman, all VVales was by Edward the Ist. brought in Subjection to the Crown of England, and has so continued ever since. The Eldest Son of Roger Mortimer by his Wife Maud, Daughter of VVilliam de Bruse Lord of Brecknock, was
    • Edmund Mortimer, Lord of VVigmor.

EDMƲND MORTIMER, Lord of VVigmor, had Issue.

• Roger Mortimer, Lord of VVigmor, who married Jone, Daughter and Heir of Sir Peter Genivil, was created Earl of March by King Edward the IIId. and afterwards attainted.
  • Edmund Mortimer, Lord of VVigmor, married Elianor, Widow of VVilliam de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, one of the Daughters and Heirs of Bartholomew Badelsmer, Lord of Leeds in Kent.
    • Roger Mortimer, Lord of VVigmor, restored by King Edward the IIId. to the Earldom of March, and all his Grandfathers Inheritance, Honors, and Possessions, the Attainder being repealed.
      • Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, and Lord of VVigmor, married Philippa, Daughter and sole Heir of Leonell, Duke of Clarence, in whose Right he was Earl of Ʋlster. He died at Cork in Ireland Anno 1381.

EDMƲND MORTIMER, Earl of March had Issue

• Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Ʋlster, Lord of Wigmor, Trym, Clare, and Connaght, who married Elianor, Eldest Daughter and one of the Heirs of Thomas Holland Earl of Kent.
  • 1. Roger Mortimer died without Issue.
  • 2. Edmund Morti∣mer died with∣out Issue.
  • 3. Anne Mortimer, married to Richard Planta∣genet, Earl of Cambridge, by whom she had Issue
    • Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, Earl of Cambridge, March, and Ʋlster.
      • Edward the IVth. King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland.
        • 1. Edward the Vth. King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, murthered in the Tower left no Issue.
        • 2. Richard Planta∣genet, Duke of York, murthe∣red with his Brother King Edward, left no Issue.
        • 3. Elizabeth, el∣dest Daugh∣ter to Edward the IVth. mar∣ried to Henry the VIIth King of Eng∣land and France, and Lord of Ireland.

ELIZABETH, eldest Daughter to King Edward the IVth. by her Husband King Henry the VIIth. had Issue

• 1. Arthur, Prince of VVales, died before his Fa∣ther, and left no Issue.
• 2 Henry the VIIIth. King of England, France and Ireland, De∣fender of the Faith.
  • 1. Edward the VIth. King of England, France and Ireladd, died without Is∣sue.
  • 2. Mary, Q. of England France and Ireland, di∣ed without Issue.
  • 3. Elizabeth, Queen of England, France and Ireland, di∣ed with∣out Issue.
• 3. Margaret, el∣dest Daugh∣ter to Henry the VIIth. married to James the IVth. King of Scotland, by whom she had Is∣sue
  • James the Vth. King of Scotland.
    • Mary Queen of Scotland, who was by her Subjects, infected with Calvinism (of which it is truly observed, that it never entred in∣to any Country but by Rebellion) expelled

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    • her Kingdom, and forced to fly for shelter into England, where (so implacable is Presby∣terian Malice) they never left persecuting her, till they had brought her (after eigh∣teen years Imprisonment) to end her dayes upon a Scaffold. By her Husband Henry Lord Darnley, Son to Mathew Stuart, Earl of Lenox, she had Issue
      • James the VIth. King of Scotland, who after the Decease of Elizabeth Queen of Eng∣land, as next Heir, enjoyed the Crown of this Realm, whereof he was no sooner pos∣sest, but he reassumed the Title of Great Bri∣tain.
        • 1. Henry, Prince of Wales, died before his Fa∣ther, and left no Issue.
        • 2. CHARLES the Ist. King of Great Britain, France, and Ire∣land, Defender of the Faith, a Prince of in∣comparable Vertues and En∣dowments, who was on the 30th. of January 1648. barbarously and inhumanly murthered before the Gates of his own Royal Palace by a traitorous Crew of villanous Phanaticks, so secure in their own Thoughts of having there∣by

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        • extirpated Monarchy out of this Island, that they insolently set up on the Royal Exchange in the place, where his Statue (which they ma∣liciously decollated) had been erected a∣mongst those of his Predecessors, this Inscrip∣tion: Exit Tyrannus, Regum ultimus.
          • 1. CHARLES the IId. by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, now reigning. Whō GOD long preserve.
          • 2. The Il∣lustri∣ous Prince, James Duke of York and Al∣bany.
          • 3. Mary, Mother to the pre∣sent Prince of Orange.
          • 4. Henrietta, Mother to the pre∣sent Queen of Spain.
        • 3. Elizaheth, mar∣ried to Frede∣rick, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, by whom she had a nu∣merous Issue.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Bri∣tish Mo∣narchy restored by King James.
• * 1.2

  Descent of King James fom Cad∣walladar.