Pharmacopœia Bateana, or, Bate's dispensatory translated from the second edition of the Latin copy, published by Mr. James Shipton : containing his choice and select recipe's, their names, compositions, preparations, vertues, uses, and doses, as they are applicable to the whole practice of physick and chyrurgery : the Arcana Goddardiana, and their recipe's intersperst in their proper places, which are almost all wanting in the Latin copy : compleated with above five hundred chymical processes, and their explications at large, various observations thereon, and a rationale upon each process : to which are added in this English edition, Goddard's drops, Russel's pouder [sic], and the Emplastrum febrifugum, those so much fam'd in the world : as also several other preparations from the Collectanea chymica, and other good authors / by William Salmon ...

CHAP. VIII. Of EXTRACTS.

I. Laudanum sine Opio; Landanum without Opi∣um.

Bate.] ℞ THE best Myrrhe, Mummy, red and yellow Sanders, A. ℥iss. Mace, Cardamoms, Pepper, Ga∣langal, A. ℥ivss. S. V. lbiij. mix and extract a Tincture according to Art; filter and add thereto the narcotick Sul∣phur of Vitriol lbiij. mix and digest for a month. If you please you may evaporate to a mellaginous substance, to which you may add Saffron ℈iss. Salt of Pearl ℥iss. compleating the mixture S. A. It is a most powerful Anodyn, stops all sorts of Fluxes, Catarrhs, Rheums, Coughs, &c. and has the same Vertues with the two former.

Salmon.] § 1. This Me∣dicine is much better in Tin∣cture than in the Extract; for being extracted with Spi∣rit of Wine, the Sulphur of the Wine in evaporation will certainly carry off some of the best, most volatile and subtile Particles of the Ingre∣dients, and leave the Medi∣cine much weaker and dispi∣rited; and therefore I should chuse to add the Saffron, viz. ʒij. in the first Digestion, and after decanting and filtering, to add the Salt of Pearl, most of which will dissolve in the Tincture, because it is made with common S. V. not re∣ctified.

§ 2. This Preparation is taken from Tilingius's Pro∣dromus, clas. 2. tit. 8. p. 463. but differs something both in the number of Ingredients and their Proportions. Ti∣lingius has it thus: ℞ Red Myrrh, Egyptian Mummy, A. ʒj. extract a Tincture with Succory water. ℞ Pouders of red and yellow Sanders, A. ℥i. Mace, Pepper black and long, Galingal, A. ʒiij. Xylo-aloes, Cardamoms greater and lesser, A. ℥ij. mix, and with S. V. extract a Tincture as is usual;

both these Tinctures filter apart, and conjoyn, and add narcotick Sulphur of Vitriol ℥ij. circulate all in a Vessel close stopt for five days, then abstract the S. V. by distilla∣tion in a gentle B. M. to the thickness of Honey, to which add Extract of Saffron ℥ss. Salt or Magistery of Pearl and Coral, A. ℥i. mix, and make a Mass. Dose à gr. vi. ad x.

§ 3. But how this narco∣tick Sulphur is to be made is next to be enquired into, which Tilingius makes two ways: I. ℞ Filings of Mars, p. j. Hungarian Vitriol, or Vi∣triol of Venus, p. ij. mix them well, put them into a Glass Cu∣curbit, upon which affuse Spi∣rit of Vinegar, so much as to overtop it half an inch; boyl and coagulate in a Sand-heat to dryness, and urge the Fire yet more till it grows red: To this pouder affuse more Spirit of Vinegar, so as to overtop it four inches; digest some hours in a warm place, and the Tin∣cture will arise, which decant, filter, and upon the Feces affuse more Spirit, digesting, decan∣ting and filtering as before, continuing this Work till all the Tincture is extracted; put these Extractions together, and drop in Gutatim, Oleum Tar∣tari q. s. and the Sulphur will immediately precipitate; the supernating Spirit of Vinegar decant and cast away, and swee∣ten by many ablutions in warm Water; so have you the Ano∣dyn and fixt Sulphur of Vi∣triol before mention'd.

§ 4. II. Or thus: ℞ Vi∣triol in fine pouder, and by a gentle heat evaporated to white∣ness lbss. S. V. tartarised ℥xxx. mix and digest for a month in Horse-dung; decant from the Feces, and distil in B. M. till the residence is of a yellow colour, and of the substance of some distilled Vegetable Oyl, as Oyl of Rosemary, Li∣mons, &c. this keep for use.

§ 5. If following the Pre∣script of our Author, you keep it in Tincture, you may give it à ʒss. ad ʒj. but if you re∣duce it to an Extract accor∣ding to the Prescript, you may give it à gr. viij. ad xvj. or to ℈j. Authors say, it is a fa∣mous, great, and most power∣ful Anodyn, eases all Pains, induces Sleep, and may be given in all cases in which Laudanum Opiatum is exhi∣bited.

II. * Extractum Absinthii; Extract of Wormwood.

Bate.] It is made of a Tin∣cture drawn forth from the Tops of Wormwood dryed, which being filtrated, is evaporated to

the consistency of an Extract; to every ounce of which there is to be added ʒss. of the fixed or elementary Salt: You may also prepare this Extract from the deparated Juice by evaporation in B. M. S. A.

Salmon.] § 1. In making the Tincture you ought to grind the dryed Wormwood p. ij. with Salt of Wormwood or Tartar, p. j. in a hot Iron Mor∣tar, and then putting them in∣to the Matrass, affuse your tar∣tarised S. V. for by this means the Tincture will be the soo∣ner and more easily elici∣ted.

§ 2. As to the choice of the Extracts, which is most valuable, whether that made by Tincture, or that by the Juice: I must confess, the first is the siner Medicine in some respects, but I cannot be beaten out of this Opinion, That the Spirit of Wine car∣ries away with it some of the finest, subtilest, and most va∣luable parts of the Wormwood, and therefore in that respect should rather chuse the lat∣ter.

§ 3. That in making the Extract with S. V. it is better to save the Spirit than lose it by evaporation, which you may do by drawing it off in a gentle B. M. and it may well enough go for Spirit of Wormwood; or (being dul∣cified with Syrup made of double-refined Sugar and simple Wormwood-water) it may go very well for a strong Wormwood-water.

§ 4. Either of them are admirable stomatick Medi∣caments, strengthen and for∣tifie the Ventricle and all its Faculties, cause a good Ap∣petite and an excellent Dige∣stion, heat, dry, comfort, and take away the debility and wateriness thereof: It is good against nauseousness and vo∣miting; kills Worms, and opens Obstructions of the Mesentery, and is an excel∣lent thing against the Scurvy in a cold habit of Body.

§ 5. Dose à ʒss. ad ʒj. ei∣ther in a Bolus, with Con∣serve of Wormwood, or in a Pill made up with Pouder of Wormwood, or dissolved in some of the aforesaid Worm∣wood-water and so taken. It is a good thing against inter∣mitting Feavers or Agues.

III. Extractum Alhandal; Extract of Coloquintida.

Bate.] ℞ Pulp of Colo∣cynthis, choice, freed from the Seeds, and in fine pouder ℥iv. Liquorice, Aniseeds à ℥ss. Lime-water filtred lbiv. digest 20 days, express out, and evapo∣rate

to a due consistency, S. A. Dose à gr. v. ad xv. and be∣yond.

Salmon.] § 1. It is a fa∣mous Purge, and not inferior to any other in the World; for it universally purges all Humors, and carries off the Recrements from all parts of the Body, and attracts even from the most extream even from the most extream parts, as Head, Fingers, Toes, Joynts, Skin, &c. It prevails against the Dropsy, Cachexy, Jaun∣dice, and Green-sickness in Virgins, and is a famous Re∣medy against the Gout, Scia∣tica, Rheumatism, Kings-evil and the Scurvy in a cold and moist habit of Body; it pro∣vokes the Terms, and brings away both Birth and After∣birth, expels the Mola or dead Child; and is excellent against all Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, Joynts, and Lungs, and is therefore of singular use in Vertigo's, Apoplexies, Lethargies, Epi∣lepsies, Megrim, and invete∣rate Headachs.

§ 2. It is the only Speci∣fick Purge in all Venereal cases, and may be given for that purpose à gr. vi. ad ℈j. made up into Pills, or into a Bolus with the Pulp of Prunes or of a rosted Apple, after which the Sick may drink a draught of warm Ale, or Metheglin, or choice Canary. I must confess, I can say by experience, it does more in Pocky Distempers than any other vegetable Purge what∣soever, its Effects in that Di∣sease being admirable, yea, sometimes stupendious, so that a man may trust to what it will do.

§ 3. Le Febur's Extract of Colocynthis: ℞ the whi∣test and lightest Colocynthis in gross pouder (but he takes of the Pulp, p. ij. of the Seed p. j. which I approve not of) im∣bibe it by little and little with Spirit of Vinegar impregnated with half an ounce of Senner∣tus's Salt of Tartar to every pound of the Spirit, and put on so much of this Spirit, that it may overtop the moistened Mass 4 inches; digest in a gentle Ash or Sand-heat for 8 days, shaking the Glass three or four times, or oftener, eve∣ry day; let the Matrass be so large, as not to be above half full, because the Pulp will swell extraordinarily, and hazard the breaking of the Glass; this done, strain out by pressing the Tincture, and filter through a Linnen Cloth: To the Cake affuse more fresh Menstruum, shaking and digesting as before 8 days renewing the Menstru∣um even the third time; by which means you will extract

the whole vertue and power of the Colocynthis: Joyn these Tinctures together, and gently evaporate to the consistency of a•• Extract.

§ 4. It may be given alone in most ordinary Di∣seases à gr. iij. ad ℈ss. even to ℈j. after which let the Sick drink a draught of Malmsy, Canary, or Malago Sack, or strong Mead, or other gene∣rous Wine: Or you may mix it with some Mercurial Pre∣paration, such as is Aurum Vitae, the Prince's Pouder, or the like, to be given against the French Pox, or any Re∣liques of the same; as also against Dropsies, Kings-evil, Rheumatisms, and all arthri∣tical and paralytical Distem∣pers; after which let the Pa∣tient drink warm Broth in which a little Mace has been boyled.

§ 5. But he proceeds to perfect his Extract after this manner. ℞ of the former Extract ℥iij. soluble Magistry of Coral ℥i. tartarised S. V. so much as to overtop it 4 in∣ches; digest 30 or 40 days in a very gentle B. M. then add to it Oyl of Nutmegs by expres∣sum ʒiij. mix'd with double∣re••••ed Sugar in pouder ℥vj. all being well mixt together, ab∣stract the S. V. by distillation, and then evaporate to the con∣sistency of an Extract. It has all the former Vertues, but is more corrected, and may be given à ℈j. ad ℈ij.

§ 6. Charras his Extract of Colocynthis. ℞ Pulp of white and pure Colocynthis cut very small lbj. put it into a very large Cucurbit on a Sand∣heat, and affuse thereon good new Whitewine 6 pints, cover it with its Head and a Recei∣ver, luting well the Junctures, and digest with a gentle fire for 12 hours, after which strain out the Infusion by pressing: Put the Sediment into the Cu∣curbit, and affuse upon it a pint or two of good S. V. cover the Vessel with a blind Head, luting the Juncture, and digest again 12 hours more, but with a little more heat, then strain and press forth the Tincture with a good strength; mix it with the former, and filter both thro' brown Paper; put it again into the Cucurbit, and ab∣stract in B. M. or a gentle Sand-heat the S. V. which will serve again for the like work; then put all the remains into a glaz'd earthen Pipkin, and in a gentle Sand-heat evapo∣rate all the remaining humidi∣ty, till it comes to the consi∣stency of a Rob or Extract, which keep in a wide-mouth'd Bottle close stopt, to mix with

other purging Extracts.

§ 7. This Extract is pro∣per to expel the Serosities of the remote parts of the Bo∣dy, and therefore is very good for Dropsies, where gentle Medicines will not prevail: It is also an excellent thing in Diseases of the Joynts and Rheumatisms, especially a∣gainst the Gout, Sciatica, and Kings-evil, and all sorts of strumous Swellings, mix∣ing it with other Extracts, as that of Rhubarb, to qualifie its activity, and fortifie the Bowels at the same time. Dose alone in Pills à gr. iij. ad. x. and accordingly to be proportion'd, with respect to the strength of those it is mixt withal.

§ 8. Or thus, according to Le Mort. ℞ Pulp of Co∣locynthis q. v. affuse thereon boyling Water, which digest thereon in a Sand-heat 24 hours; express the Liquor, and put on more boyling Wa∣ter, which digest and express, as before; and continue this operation so long, till the Wa∣ter be no more coloured: Put all these tinged Liquors toge∣ther, and evaporate to the con∣sistency of Honey, to which put a half part of rectified S. V. and keep it in a wide-mouth'd Glass close stopt for use. It is more gentle than other Pre∣parations, and works in less dose.

§ 9. I now come to pro∣pose an Extract of my own. ℞ choice white Pulp of Colo∣quintida cut small with a pair of Sizers lbj. Rain or Spring-water lbxij. mix and boyl all in a large Earthen or Iron-pot for 6 or 8 hours, then express strongly: To the Feces put Water lbxij. more; boyl again 10 or 12 hours with a good Fire, and whilst hot express again strongly: To the Feces put more Water lbvj. or viij. and boyl again for 14 or 16 hours, and strain out again strongly: Mix all these De∣coctions together, and boyl them till half the liquor is evapora∣ted; this being cold, will be a perfect Liver or Gelly, which you may cut: Continue a gen∣tle evaporation, till it comes to the consistency of an Extract to be made up into Pills: But if you determine it for any long keeping, you must evaporate most of the humidity, and then moisten it with Chymical Oyl of Limons, or Caraways, and so keep it in a Jar-glass or Gallypot, tyed close over with a wet Bladder for use. It has all the before enumerated Vertues, and may be given à gr. iij. ad x. more or less, according to Age, Strength, and the Disease.

§ 10. In this last Prepa∣ration here is to be noted, that at length you will not have a quarter part of Feces to be cast away, but the greatest part of the Pulp dis∣solves, and becomes a Gum∣my Extract, a Medicine tru∣ly great, and beyond any other Purger in the vegetable Kingdom.

§ 11. Also instead of the chymical Oyl of Limons or Ca∣raways, if they cannot be had, you may add a quarter part of pure and true Oyl of Nut∣megs, or Mace by expression, which will not only correct its Violence, but also pre∣serve it from decay.

IV. * Exeractum Antiscor∣buti••••m: Extract against the Scurvy.

Bate.] It is made of the Magma of the Aqua Antiscor∣butica in chap. 1. sect. 4. of this Book.

Salmon.] § 1. It is a good thing against the Cachexia, Dropsy, Leucophlegmatia, Jaundice, Scurvy, and other like Diseases which infest the Blood and Flumors: It strengthens the Stomach, and makes a good digestion.

§ 2. Dose ʒss. ad ʒj. You may take it thus: ℞ Con∣serve of Damask-roses ʒij. of the Extract ℈ij. mix for a Dose, to be taken at night going to Bed. Or thus: ℞ Blackcherry-water ℥iv. Aq. Antiscorbuticae ℥i. of this Ex∣tract ʒss. dissolve and mix for a Dose in the morning fast∣ing.

V. * Extractum Chalybis; Extract of Steel.

Bate.] ℞ Juice of Sorrel depurated lbiv. Tamerinds ℥i. boyl a little and clarifie: In this macerate warm, Filings of Mars ℥ij. for 4 days, often stir∣ring it; then strain out, and in B. M. inspissate to a due consistency. This is also cal∣led the Magistery of Mars. It is otherwise prepared in like manner with Juice of Apples, instead of the Juice of Sorrel and Tamarinds. Dose à ʒss. ad ʒj.

Salmon.] § 1. You may prepare it also with many other things, as with strong Beer, White-wine, Rhenish-wine, Juice of Oranges or Limons or Quinces, &c.

§ 2. And whereas our Author advises only to 4 days digestion, it is true, it may serve; but I who have made the Medicine many times over, can tell that it will be much better if it stands a much longer time; and if

you have the patience to at∣tend the digestion, I can as∣sure you, the longer it stands, the better you will find your Preparation.

§ 3. It will gradually change colour, and by long standing grow thick and black, like Ink, but this it will not come to in a few days, the body of Mars is not so easily opened: The last time I made it, it stood 7 or 8 months upon the Filings, which produced me a most incomparable Medicine.

§ 4. But such a length of time you cannot permit it upon Juice of Sorrel, or any other unfermented juice, be∣cause it will be apt to cor∣rupt: In this case, at the end of 3, 4, or 5 days, you must put in lbiss. or more of dou∣ble-refined Sugar, and then digest on in order.

§ 5. It is a famous Me∣dicine against the Cachexy, Dropsy, Obstructions of Li∣ver, Spleen, Mesentery, and Womb, and in particular, a powerful thing against the Greensickness in Virgins; it commonly gives some relief at second or third dose, and by a constant taking of it, in a little time a perfect Cure.

§ 6. It is best to be gi∣ven at night going to Bed, in a Glass of new Beer or Rhenish-wine and Sugar, be∣cause then the Patient keeps warm upon it; but if it be taken in the morning, the Sick ought to rise, and stir after it, to get themselves in∣to a good heat, without which it has not so good an effect: And since the weakness of many will not permit this early rising and exercise, they must take it at night, as be∣fore directed.

VI. * Extractum Diatessa∣ron; An Extract of the Species of Diatessaron.

Bate.] ℞ Species of Dia∣tessaron ℥iij. Roots of Angeli∣ca ℥i. Zedoary ℥ss. Seeds of Carduus ʒij. Waters of Scor∣dium Compound, of Carduus, of Bawm, of Angelica, A. lbj. mix, and extract a Tincture S. A. and exhale to a due con∣sistency. It is good against cold Diseases, both of the Head and Brain, as the Palsie, and of the Ventricle or Sto∣mach, as Inflations or Wind, and from that pain, want of Digestion, &c. and of the Liver also, as the Dropsy, Cachexy, Obstructions. It is powerful also against the bitings of mad Dogs, and pre∣vails against Poyson.

Salmon.] § 1. What the Species Diatessaron are you may see in our Pharm. Lond. lib. 4. cap. 22. sect. 18. which are Roots of Gentian, round Birthwort, Myrrh, and Bay∣berries, Ana.

§ 2. That the Menstruum will be too weak to make a good Extraction: Your best way will be, to abate the full half of the quantities of the cold Waters, and add as much to it of good Spirit of Wine.

§ 3. Or else, after the Extraction is made with the cold Waters, decanting the Tincture, to affuse on the Magma lbij. or better of good Spirit of Wine, to digest 4 or 6 days in a gentle heat, and then decanting this Tincture also, to mix it with the for∣mer Tincture, and then in B. M. to abstract the S. V. which having obtained, you may in a small clean earthen Sa••cepan, or some suchlike, evaporate the remaining hu∣midity to a just consistency. Dose à ʒss. ad ʒiss.

VII. * Extractum Drasti∣cum; The active or wor∣king Extract.

Bate.] ℞ Choice Scam∣mony finely pounder'd ℥iij. Juice of Oranges expressed with the Peels lbij. mix, and digest warm for 6 days; strain out by expressing, and exhale to the consistency of a Mass for Pills. Dose à ℈ss. ad ʒss.

Salmon.] § 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 activum significat, quod vires suas in profundum transmittit, & penitùs transfundit. The Title shews the mighty pow∣er and force of the Medicine, which is able to send and extend its efficacy, both to the most extream parts, and the most recluse Caverns of Nature in Man's Body.

§ 2. Yet it works gently and pleasantly, without gri∣ping or making sick, or scarcely any disturbance to Nature, carrying off the most inveterate and rebellious Di∣seases. It purges all Humors, and is a Specifick against the Gout, Rheumatisms, and most other Pains and Aches of the Joynts, especially if coming of Cold.

§ 3. It is indeed an ex∣cellent thing, as it is now prepared, yet it will work but slowly in some Bodies: In this case it will be good to add to each Dose gr. iij. or iv. of Extract of Colocynthis. It will not only make the Me∣dicine work more lively and briskly, but also vastly aug∣ment its Vertue, to all the purposes it is intended for.

VIII. * Extractum Ecphra∣cticum; The opening Ex∣tract.

Bate.] ℞ Wood of Aloes, Galingal, Cloves, A. ℥ss. Cinna∣mon, Gentian, Cortex Winte∣ranus, A. ℥i. Horse-radish-roots ℥ij. Calamint, Pennyroyal, Wormwood, A. M. j. Mars prepared with Sulphur ℥viij. White-wine, and a decoction of white Tartar, A. lbiiss. Digest, strain out, and exhale, to a due consistency S. A. adding fine Aloes in fine pouder ℥i. Myrrh ʒij. Micklethw. It is a most effectual Remedy against the Green-sickness in Virgins, and the Scurvy. It has a great Ver∣tue in opening Obstructions, chiefly of the Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Mesentery, and curing those Diseases procee∣ding therefrom.

Salmon.] § 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 medicamenta, apud Galenum, quae meatus obstru∣ctos expediunt. An Ecphra∣ctick Medicament is such a one as opens Obstructions of the Passages, and a powerful one of that kind is this here of our Authors.

§ 2. You had better make it thus: First extract a strong Tincture from the Species with S. V. grinding their pouders first with Salt of Tartar in a hot Iron Mortar, then make a strong Extract of the Mars by itself, with the White-wine and decoction of white Tartar: Put these Tinctures together, and in B. M. abstract the S. V. after which evaporate the remaining humidity to a due consistency, and so add the Aloes and Myrrh as before directed.

§ 3. The Mars is thus to be prepared: ℞ Common Sul∣phur ℥iij. Filings of Mars ℥i. mix and put them over a Fire, and kindle the Sulphur, often∣times stirring of it, till the deflagration is over; to what remains add more fresh Sul∣phur ℥ij. deflagrate again, then being cold, grind it into a sub∣tile pouder for the intended use.

§ 4. It is good against the Cachexia, Dropsy, yellow Jaundice, black Jaundice, Ob∣structions of the Courses, Va∣pors, and Fits of the Mother; it sweetens the Blood and Juices, and is excellent in ma∣ny other cases. Dose à ʒss. ad ʒiss. in a proper Vehicle.

IX. * Extractum Febrifu∣gum; The Ague Ex∣tract.

Bate.] ℞ Jesuites Bark in fine pouder ℥iv. Centory the less, Gentian, A. ℥ij. Vir∣ginian Snakeroot ℥i. Spirit of

Wine lbiv. vel q. s. extract a Tincture, and evaporate, S. A. The Title shews the Vertues. Dose à ℈ss. ad ʒss.

Salmon.] § 1. The best way will be, to draw off the S. V. in B. M. to preserve it, with which you may make an Extraction another time.

§ 2. 'Tis a famous Ague-frighter, seldom or never fai∣ling the Cure at some few Doses taking; though, to speak not only my own Thoughts, but my Experi∣ence also, the Tincture ex∣tracted with a good, strong, and rough Claret-wine, or red Port, is much more po∣werful to the intention it is given for, and more certain∣ly effects the Cure; for 'tis certain, that the S. V. in the abstraction or evaporation carries away many of the volatile Particles of the mixt with it, and such as, circu∣lating with the Blood, con∣vey the power, vertue, and force of Medicament into it.

§ 3. It ought not to be given to such as are apt to be costive, or have hard and dry Bodies, or afflicted with any fly prick Humor, or Scir∣rhous, or Cancerous Tumors; ••or to Women whose Cour∣ses are stopt, or are apt to be troubled with Vapors or Hy∣sterick Fits.

§ 4. And before it is gi∣ven, the Body ought to be well cleansed, if possible both upwards and downwards, lest it lock up into it the morbifick matter, or the malignity of the Distemper, which reverting inwards, immediately smights the Vi∣tals, and puts a period to Life.

§ 5. Above all things, you ought to avoid giving it in any continent or continual Feaver, for in those Distem∣pers it is no better than Poy∣son, and certainly fatal if ac∣companied with any Putre∣faction or Malignity; for, the Pores of the Body being by it constringed, and the other Avenues stopt up, the Poyson of the Disease una∣voidably strikes the Heart, and makes the vital Flame a Sacrifice.

§ 6. You are to vary the Dose according to the kind of the Ague, the age of the Patient, and strength or con∣tumacy of the Distemper; on which considerations you may give it from ℈ss. ad ʒj. yea, in some Constitutions ad ʒiss.

X. Extractum Fellis; Ex∣tract of Galls.

Bate.] ℞ Bullocks Galls dryed in the Sun ℥ij. S. V. lbiss. mix and extract a Tincture, which evaporate S. A. It provokes the Terms. Dose à ℈j. ad ʒss. daily. It ope∣rates by Stool.

Salmon.] § 1. This is deduced from Hartman's Tincture of Bulls Gall, de∣signed by him for beautify∣ing the Face and Skin, and for taking away heat, pim∣ples, freckles, sunburnings, tawniness, and other Defor∣mities thereof.

§ 2. You are either to augment or diminish the Dose, according to the Age of the Person and Exigency of the Distemper; to an el∣der person, and where the Obstruction has been long, you may give from ʒss. ad ʒj. To young Girls, and where the Obstruction is recent, from ʒj. ad ʒss. But if it be a Chloro∣sis, or Greensickness confir∣med, you must not dispute, but give it in the largest dose, and that every night going to Bed.

§ 3. It is also an appro∣ved Medicine for killing Worms, and expelling them out of the Body. I knew it given to a young Girl of about 14 years of age, who looked pale, and always com∣plained of a pain at her Sto∣mach; the Physicians decla∣red it to be the Greensickness, which I believe was the least of the effects; however, gi∣ving this Extract to ℈ij. and repeating the dose several nights going to Bed, with an intention to provoke the Terms, it had this effect up∣on her, that it brought away long Worms, about 8 or 10, (I remember not exactly which) and the Patient im∣mediately thereupon grew perfectly well; and after∣wards being repeated, it plentifully brought down her Courses.

§ 4. I have also known it given to several others with the same success against the Worms; and I knew one person from whom at times it brought away about four∣teen long Worms.

§ 5. Dissolved in a De∣coction of Centory the less and Carduus, and exhibited Cly∣ster-wise, it kills the Worms called Ascarides, and brings them away in great quanti∣ties, even the very bags wherein their Eggs or Seed is lodged, and in which they engender: But if you give it Clyster-wise, you may en∣crease

the dose à ʒj. ad ʒij. or more.

XI. * Extractum Ictericum; The Extract against the yellow Jaundice.

Bate.] ℞ Fresh made Sheeps-dung ℥iv. Celandine∣roots ʒx. Turmerick ℥iss. Earth-worms prepared ʒvj. Centory the less, M. ij. Mars prepared ℥ij. Juice of Limons ℥vj. Cichory-water lbiv. infuse all for 48 hours, and then ex∣press out, which evaporate to a consistency for Pills, adding Earthworms prepared ʒiss. ••red Coral, Amber, Ivory, A. ʒij. mix them. Dose ʒss. thrice a day, drinking after it ℥iv. of the Icterick Decoction.

Salmon.] § 1. I am of opinion, that Goose-dung is better than Sheeps-dung, but you may take what is rea∣diest at hand: And the Ce∣landine-roots must be of the greater▪ Celandine, not the Roots of Pilewort.

§ 2. The Earthworms are prepared by putting them alive into a Pail of Water all night in which they will cleanse and purifie themselves, the next day take them out and dry them gently in the Sun, or in a Baker's Oven after the Bread is taken out; being through ••ry, out them into bits, and beat them into a fine pouder, which keep for this use.

§ 3. The Mars is thus prepared: ℞ Filings of Mars q. v. put it into a Glass Vessel, and affuse thereon AF. q. s. or so much till it will no longer effervesce, and put it into dige∣stion for 24 hours, then over a gentle heat evaporate the AF. to dryness, so will you have in the bottom a red Calx, which reverberate in a Crucible red hot, then cool, levigate, and keep it for use.

§ 4. The Title shews the intention, besides which it is very powerful to open all sorts of Obstructions of the Viscera, and cure the Green∣sickness in Virgins; you may give it à ℈j. ad ℈ij. or ʒj.

XII. Extractum Maltae com∣positum; Extract of Malt Compound.

Bate.] ℞ Leaves of Colts∣foot, fresh-spotted Lungwort, A. ℥vj. Liquorice ℥viij. Raisin•• stoned lbij. strongest Ale not hopt, of a due age, Gall. vj. boyl to the Consumption of Gall. iv. then express strongly, and evaporate to the consisten∣cy of Honey. Dose ʒij. twice or thrice a day, against the Phthisick, or Consumption of the Lungs, &c.

Salmon.] § 1. If you add to each ounce of the Extract Catechu in fine pouder, Bezoar-mineral, A. ʒj. volatile Salt of Vipers, or volatile Salt of Hogs-flesh, Cochinele, A. ʒss. It will be much more effectual to the purpose intended, for volatile Animal Salts are the very radical matter of Flesh, and the very things without which it cannot well be gene∣rated: The Bezoar-mineral absorbs the acidity of the Ul∣cer, and the Catechu heals and constringes, whilst the Cochinele agreeing with the Volatile Salt, conspire to the perfect restoration.

§ 2. This Extractum Malti is really a good thing for this purpose; but besides that, it is famous for streng∣thening weak Backs, and ea∣sing the pain thereof, though never so vehement. I knew a Woman who could scarce∣ly go or stand upright, but had been for many months in extream misery and pain, who by the taking this Ex∣tract, with the addition here made, but for 14 days, was perfectly cured beyond ex∣pectation.

§ 3. This very Medicine with the addition of the vola∣tile Animal Salt, does not on∣ly cure a Phthisis, but also a Tabes or Pining, and some∣times that incurable Disease called Marasmos; at least, it prevails against a Hectick, and restores all the Decays of Na∣ture.

§ 4. You may give it à ʒj. ad ʒiij. morning fasting, an hour before Dinner, and last at night, drinking after it half or three quarters of a pint or more of strong Broth.

XIII. * Extractum Melam∣podii; Extract of black Hellebor.

Bate.] ℞ The Roots of the true black Hellebor, with the string in gross pouder ℥vj. Ani∣seeds ℥i. Spirit of Wine lbiij. infuse all in a gentle heat for 6 days, then express and eva∣porate. Dose à ℈ss ad ℈j.

Salmon.] § 1. The bet∣ter way will be to make a double Extract, first with Water and Salt of Tartar, and then drying the Roots to make a second Extraction with S. V. then joyning these Tinctures together, to ab∣stract the S. V. in B. M. and after to evaporate the humi∣dity to a just consistency.

§ 2. By this means you will have all the good parts of the Hellebor, which the S. V. would not be able to extract of itself; for the

more aqueous Particles are first drawn forth by the Wa∣ter and Salt of Tartar; then the resinous parts are extra∣cted with the S. V. so that joyning these two together, and abstracting, you must necessarily have all that is excellent out of the Helle∣bor.

§ 3. You may give it in strong Bodies to ʒss. It po∣werfully opens Obstructions of the Spleen, corrects and evacuates Melancholy, and is a Specifick against Madness, and of great use to be con∣stantly given (for some time) to such as are apt to have their Paroxisms return at some certain times.

§ 4. Where there is a real Madness, there you may venture to give it in a much larger dose, because Expe∣rience does daily evince, that in such persons even very strong Medicaments work very hardly, and sometimes not at all: Yet that you may be sure not to over-dose them, the best way will be to en∣crease them gradually, till you see the utmost which may be safely given them.

XIV. Extractum Paregor∣gicum; The Extract ea∣sing Pain.

Bate.] ℞ Philonum Ro∣manum ℥iss. Mithridate ʒv. London Treacle, Diascordium, A. ʒiij. Carduus-water lbj. S. V. ℥iij. digest, strain out, and evaporate S. A. It is pro∣fitable against contagious Di∣seases, Catarrhs, Pains, Watch∣ings, &c.

Salmon.] § 1. The Com∣position of the Philonum Ro∣manum, its Vertues and Uses, you may see in our Pharma∣copoeia Londinensis, lib. 4. cap. 22. sect. 22. which is the Philonum majus Nicolai. The Mithridate, London Trea∣cle, and Diascordium, you may also see in the same Di∣spensatory, so that upon the matter this is only a Composi∣tion made of many other Compounds.

§ 2. The Extraction will be best to be done first with the Carduus-water, and after∣wards with a sufficient quan∣tity of the S. V. then these two Tinctures or Extracti∣ons to be mixed together and digested for some little time, which being done, the S. V. may be abstracted in B. M. and the aqueous humidity

evaporated to the due con∣sistency of an Extract.

§ 3. It has all the Ver∣tues of Laudanum, famous against all manner of Pains, whether external or internal in any part of the Body; it stops Fluxes of Rheum upon any part, Fluxes of the Bo∣wels, as Diarrhoea, Bloody-flux, Lienteria, and Flux of the Liver, as also the over∣flowing of the Terms, Whites, &c. It prevails won∣derfully against the Strangu∣ry and Colick, and is famous against Coughs, Colds, Ca∣tarrhs, &c. Dose à ℈j. ad ʒj.

XV. * Extractum Pecto∣rale; The Pectoral Ex∣tract.

Bate.] ℞ Leaves of Sca∣biose, Hyssop, Ground-Ivy, A. M. xij. white Horebound, ***Knapweed, A. M. x. Coltsfoot, Elecampane, A. M. xviij. bruise, and express the Juice, depurate it, and evaporate to the consistence of Honey, S. A. Dose one spoonful thrice a day, drinking after it the Pectoral Decoction.

Salmon.] § 1. If you eva∣porate it to a higher consi∣stency than that of Honey, and then add a third part of Honey or double-refined Su∣gar, it will be never the worse, and I am sure will keep much the better.

§ 2. The pectoral Deco∣ction, with its Vertues and Use, you may see in our Pharm. Londinensis, lib. 4. cap. 14. sect. 4. which is also designed against the same Diseases, of which the Patient may take half a pint at a time.

§ 3. It opens Obstructi∣ons of the Brest and Lungs, is good against Coughs, Cold, Asthma's, Wheesings, short∣ness of Breath, viscous Flegm lodged in the Ventricle, as also in the Bowels, Reins, or Bladder: It takes away Hoarseness, and recovers the Voice of such as have lost it.

XVI. * Extracticum Peti∣cum; Extract of To∣bacco.

Bate.] ℞ Leaves of out∣landish Tobacco ℥ij. Liquo∣rice ℥i. fresh leaves of Asara∣bacca ʒx. Aniseeds ʒiij. Co∣riander ʒij. Roots of Galin∣gal, Angelica, A. ℈viij. Hy∣dromel ℥xx. mix, and digest warm for 24 ounces, then ex∣press out the juice or humidity, and exhale to a due consisten∣cy. Dose ad ℈ij. It power∣fully

purges thick Humors, both by Vomiting and Stool, and is happily given against Asthma's and tartarous Ob∣structions of the Lungs, as al∣so against Feavers, chiefly Tertians and Quartans; it is profitable against the Jaun∣dice, Dropsy and Gout.

Salmon.] § 1. It is a good Medicine for the purposes in∣tended, but in some strong Bodies you must be forced to give it to ʒj. else it will scarcely work, but only make the Patient very sick.

§ 2. In the working of it you must be sure to pro∣vide two or three quarts of Posset-drink or Broth afore∣hand, before it is given, and after every Vomit, imme∣diately to cause the Sick to drink three quarters of a pint thereof, for by that means the Vomit will work with much more ease and pleasure, and the Patient will be only vehemently sick at the mo∣ment of vomiting.

§ 3. That in some Con∣stitutions it will work but moderately, as 5 or 6 times, whereas in others it will work even extravagantly, and give sometimes twenty or more Vomits: In this latter case you may quell the Violence of it, by giving very hot Broth well season'd with Salt, and repeating thereof for a while, so will the vomiting cease, and the Medicine exercise its force downwards.

§ 4. Some exhibit it thus: ℞ Carduus-water ℥iv. Oxy∣mel of Squils simple ʒvj. of this Extract ℈ij. mix for a dose, to be given in a morning fasting. It is excellent against tertian and quartan Agues, to be given 3 or 4 hours be∣fore the Fit.

XVII. * Extractum Sarfae; Extract of Sarsaparilla.

Bate.] It is made out of the Magma of the Aqua Sarsae composita, (in Chap. 1. Sect. 52.) aforegoing.

Salmon.] § 1. It is an excellent thing to sweeten the Blood and Humors, streng∣then the Stomach, resist the progress of the Scurvy, and restore in Consumptions, and is in particular an Antidote against the French Disease.

§ 2. It may be given from ʒj. to ʒij. or more, in some proper Stomatick, Re∣storative, Antiscorbutick, or Antivenereal-water, accor∣ding to the quality of the Distemper and disposition of the Body taking it; and it is to be given every night go∣ing to Bed, for some conside∣rable time.

§ 3. For as it is only an Alterative, so it alters the Body but by degrees, and not all at once; and such kind of Medicines are not to be gi∣ven only for a little while, for a spurt and away, but assidu∣ously for several weeks toge∣ther, that thereby they may accomplish a change of the Habit, and so effect what they are designed for.

XVIII. † Extractum Ca∣tarrahale; An Extract a∣gainst Catarrhs.

It is made of the Tinctures constituting the Extractum Panchymagogum at Sect. 21. following, mixed together in the same proportion; to which you may add Tincture of Opi∣um, in such proportion, as that ʒss. of the Extract may contain gr. j. of Opium.

Salmon.] § 1. Or thus: ℞ Of all the Tinctures of the Panchymagoge Extract, in the same proportion ℥xxx. strongest Tincture of Opium ℥i. mix and evaporate to an Extract. Or thus: Take of the said Tin∣ctures evaporated to an Ex∣tract ℥iij. ʒvj. Extract of Opi∣um ʒj. mix them well toge∣ther.

§ 2. It is not only good to stop Catarrhs, or Defluxi∣ons of Rheum upon the Tho∣rax and Lungs, but prevails against a Rheumatism over the whole Body, eases pains in any part, and particular∣ly is a Specifick in the Gout.

§ 3. For it not only gives ease by vertue of the Opium, but also effectually carries off the morbifick cause, and that without any pain, griping of the Bowels, or molestation of the Sto∣mach, and that so pleasantly, as if the Sick had taken no Physick at all.

§ 4. Dose à ʒss. ad ℈ij. and in very strong Bodies to ʒj. it ought to be given over∣night, and it will work the next morning very well and kindly, for the Opium being added, hinders its immediate operation.

XIX. † Extractum Hypno∣ticum, seu Laudanum; The sleeping Extract.

℞ Opium ℥x. Nutmegs, Saffron, A. ℥ij. Castoreum ℥i. make an Extract with S. V. S. A.

Salmon.] § 1. The In∣gredients being of differing natures and qualities, ought to have different ways of extraction; the Opium ought to be extracted with a two∣fold Menstruum, viz. first

with Water, then with S. V. and these Tinctures to be added together, and then the S. V. to be abstracted in B. M. and the aqueous hu∣midity to be evaporated, as we have taught in our Sepla∣sium, lib. 9. cap. of Opium, the reason of which double Extraction you will there see.

§ 2. The Tincture of the Nutmegs ought to be extra∣cted with the Tincture of Salt of Tartar; so also the Tinctures of the Saffron and of the Castoreum, but each apart: Or, the Saffron being gently dryed, and ground with Salt of Tartar in a hot Mor∣tar, may be extracted with rectified S. V. and the Casto∣reum with Spirit of Castor; as in the proper places we have taught.

§ 3. These several Tin∣ctures are to be mixed toge∣ther, and the S. V. abstracted in B. M. to the consistency of an Extract, which then you are to mix exactly with the Extract of the Opium, and so keep it for use.

§ 4. It causes Sleep and Rest, alleviates all manner of Pains, in what part of the Body soever; stops Fluxes, whether of Humors or of the Bowels; stops a Cough, and is good against most Diseases of the Brest and Lungs, ha∣ving indeed all the vertues of Laudanum. Dose à gr. j. ad gr. ij. or iij. at night going to bed.

XX. † Extractum Leniti∣vum; The Lenitive Ex∣tract.

℞ Aloes, Jalap, A. ℥vj. Rhubarb Sena, A. ℥xij. extract the Tinctures with rectified S. V. with which mix Centory the less, Gentian, Wormwood, Myrrh, Camomile-flowers, Gum Ammoniacum, Nutmegs, Saf∣fron, A. ℥ij. Castoreum ℥i. Assa foetida ℥ss. abstract to a due consistency of the Ex∣tract.

Salmon.] § 1. These dif∣fering Substances ought to have different ways of extra∣cting, or are to be extracted apart, and with differing Menstruums. The Aloes ought not to be extracted with S. V. but only with Water, or some proper juice, as of Violets, Damask-Ro∣ses, &c. because the resinous Substance of the Aloes, is of no use in this Medicament, but rather hurtful, causing by its tenacious quality, (whereby it adheres more than it ought to do, to the Tunicles of the Stomach, and Bowels, &c.) Gripings, and

other ill accidents in its ope∣ration.

§ 2. To save the labour in extracting of the Jalap, you may take the Rosin thereof, which is ready done to your Hands, otherwise the Tin∣cture is to be extracted with tartariz'd S. V.

§ 3. The Rhubarb and Sena, by reason they consist mostly of aqueous Particles, may be extracted with a mixt Menstruum: Being re∣duced to Pouder, let them be ground in a hot Mortar with Salt of Tartar ℥iij. and then infused in Whitewine, or Mead, or Metheglin 6 quarts, encreasing the heat till it simpers, or comes al∣most to boyling, for the space of 10 or 12 hours, being close covered, after which the In∣fusion is to be strongly strai∣ned out by expression.

§ 4. The Cemory, Gen∣rian, Wormwood and Saffron being throughly dryed, and in pouder, are to be ground in a hot Iron Mortar, with their half quantity of Salt of Tartar, and then their Tin∣cture is to be extracted with tartarised S. V.

§ 5. The Nutmegs and Castoreum are to be extra∣cted with Tincture of Salt of Tartar; the Assa foetida and Myrrh with Spirit of Wine, and the Ammoniacum with some proper Water, or Vine∣gar, or Juice of Limons: This done, all those done with Aqueous Menstruums are to be mixed together, and the humidity evaporated to a due consistency.

§ 6. In like manner those done with the Spirituous Men∣struums, as Tincture of Salt of Tartar, and S. V. they are to be mixed together, and the S. V. abstracted in B. M. which done, these two kinds of Extracts are to be mixed exactly together, so will you have a generous Lenitive Extract, freed from all the ill qualities of the Ingredi∣ents, as making sick at Sto∣mach, Vomitings, Gripings, &c.

§ 7. It purges gently and pleasantly, opens Obstructi∣ons of the Viscera, and is a famous Antifebritick, being good against both Tertians and Quartans. It streng∣thens and fortifies the Sto∣mach, creates a good Appe∣tite, takes away fainting and sick Fits, caused by the quan∣tity and sharpness of Humors lurking in those parts.

§ 8. It is also a singular thing in hypochondriack Me∣lancholy, and gives ease in Distempers of the Spleen tho' of many years standing:

It expels Wind, brings down the hardness of Childrens Bellies, and is a Specifick against the Colick, carrying off the viscous and tartarous Humors which cause it. Dose à ʒss. ad ʒj. in the morning fasting, with observation as in other Purges.

XXI. † Extractum Pan∣chymagogon; The univer∣sal purging Extract; or Extract purging all Hu∣mors.

℞ Aloes, Jalap, A. ℥vj. Rhubarb Sena, A. ℥xij. Scam∣mory ℥i. black Hellebor, Tur∣beth, A. ℥iij. extract a Tin∣cture with rectified S. V. to which add Gentian, Centory the less Camomile-flowers, Gum Ammoniacum, Nutmegs, Saf∣fron, A. ℥iij. Castoreum ℥iss. Assa foetida ʒvj. extract to a due consistency, S. A.

Salmon.] § 1. What In∣gredients in this are the same with the former, are to be extracted in like manner, so that we need not repeat the same things over again.

§ 2. The Scammony and Turbith are to be extracted with S. V. tartarised, because their purging Properties con∣sist most in resinous Particles. Or you may extract them as also the Tincture of Hel∣lebor, as we have before taught in Chap. 7. Sect. 27. and Sect. 58, & 77. of this Book.

§ 3. This done, put the aqueous Extractions toge∣ther, and evaporate to the consistency of an Extract; and put the Spiritous Extra∣ctions, and abstract in B. M. the S. V. leaving the Magma of a due consistency, which mix well with the former aqueous Extract, and keep it for use.

§ 4. It purges all tartarous and viscous Humors admi∣rably from all parts of the Body, even from the most remote, by which means it carries off the progenerative cause of the Scurvy, Dropsy, Stone and Gout, and all other Diseases having affinity with them.

§ 5. It is a singular good Purge in Melancholy, and to carry off the Recrements of the Spleen, and to evacuate and cleanse the Stomach and Bowels in Agues, before the administration of the Cortex or Pulvis patrum; for which purpose it ought to be given 2 or 3 times, after which you need not fear to administer the Cortex with both success and safety.

§ 6. It opens Obstructi∣ons of the Womb, provokes the Terms, and is good against

hysterick Fits, and cleanses the uterine parts of all Impu∣rities. It prevails against old Headachs, the Megrim, Lethargy, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Palsie, and most other cold and moist Diseases of the Head, Brain and Nerves.

§ 7. Being made into long Pellets, and put up the Nostrils as an Errhine (whilst soft) it purges the Head ad∣mirably, and cures invete∣rate Headachs, Lethargies, Apoplexies, by drawing away the morbifick cause through the Nostrils. Dose inward∣ly à ℈j. ad ℈ij. in the morning fasting, with Cautions as in other Purges.

XXII. Phosphorus; An Ex∣tract out of Urine.

Bate.] It is made of the Magma after the distillation of the Spirit of Wine, with a little Sal Armoniack, by di∣stilling with degrees of Fire in a Glass Retort into a Receiver half full of Water. It is diu∣retick and diaphoretick: Dose ℈ss.

Salmon.] § 1. How the solid Phosphorus is made, with several Observations upon it, you may see at large in our Seplasium, lib. 5. cap. 1. sect. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 17. so that we need not say much more of it in this place.

§ 2. The Aereal or Liquid Noctiluca or Phosphorus, which according to Mr. Boyl's Pro∣cess is thus: Take a consi∣derable quantity of humane Ʋrine, (because it yields but a small quantity or proportion of Luciferous matter) let it be di∣gested or putrefied a competent time before it be used, then di∣stil it with a moderate heat till the spirituous parts are drawn off, and abstract the superfluous moisture, till the re∣maining substance be brought to a consistence somewhat thick like a Syrup, or a thin Extract, this well incorporate with thrice its weight of fine white Sand, to which joyn a large Receiver: The two Vessels be∣ing carefully luted together, place the Vessel upon a naked fire, which make and encrease gradually for 5 or 6 hours, that all that is either phlegmatick or otherwise volatile, may come first over: This done, encrease the fire for 5 or 6 hours more, which let be as strong and in∣tense as a strong Fornace may be capable of giving; so will there come over good store of white Fumes, (almost like those which appear in the distilla∣tion of Oyl of Vitriol) which when they are past, and the Receiver grows clear, after a while there will succeed another

sort, which in the Receiver will seem to give a blewish light, almost like that of little bur∣ning Matches dipt into Sul∣phur: And last of all, the fire being very vehement, there will come over another Substance, supposed to be more ponderous than the former, for that it falls through the Water to the bottom of the Receiver, which when taken out (and partly even whilst is stays there) ap∣pears by several effects, and other Phoenomena, to be of a Luciferous nature.

§ 3. From the foregoing Process (saith he) occasion may be taken to enquire, whether the matter wherein the shining faculty chiefly re∣sides does not consist, not (as one would expect) in or of the volatile and spirituous parts of our Animal Liquor, but of its (not absolutely, but) more fixt Salt and, ponde∣rous fetid Oyl, associated or mixt in a peculiar manner or proportion.

§ 4. From whence occa∣sion may be taken to propose Conjectures of the cause of the lucidness of the Lucife∣rous matter, and also, both to add somewhat about the despised Sapa of Urine, in re∣ference to some uncommon Menstruums, and to make enquiry into other things, relating to the nature of Light and Flame, especially as found in the Noctiluca.

§ 5. And since we have been discoursing of this No∣ctiluca or Phosphorus, it will not be much from the matter to give you here with it the Phosphorus Balduini, or Bolo∣nian Stone, (as is supposed) at least something like to it, from the same Author, which is this. ℞ Fine white Chalk, dissolve it in good Spirit of Ni∣tre, or clean Aqua-fortis, fil∣trate it through Cap-paper, and the clear Solution evapo∣rate, till there remains a dry Substance; with this white Calx overlay the inside of some Vessel made of good Earth, which will endure the Fire, and that of a round figure, which is more convenient than that of ordinary Crucibles, and to the matter contained in this Vessel give a due degree of fire for about half an hour, or an hour, (according to the large∣ness of it and other circumstan∣ces) which 'tis not easie to hit, and requires a conveniently-shap'd Vessel, whereby the flame or heat may be reverberated, till you perceive the matter to have acquired a disposition to retain the light; after which the said earthen Vessel, which usually ought to be somewhat shallow, and not to exceed

many inches in diameter, is to have a Cover of fine Glass or Crystal, carefully cemented on to it, to preserve it from its great Enemy the Air.

§ 6. Now Chymists in former times working upon Urine, sought only after the volatile, saline, and sulphurous parts of the Concrete, which they thought to be the only spiritual and noble substance therefore, casting away the rest as filthy and useless; whereas you may now see from the former process, that in that so despicable substance the Wisdom and Bounty of the great Author of Nature is apparent almost to a Mi∣racle, for that in so contem∣ptible a matter, so glorious and excellent a thing as a self-existing Fire and self-shining Substance should be lodged; which, tho' it be but admired now, may pos∣sibly be highly prized here∣after, when it shall be brought to greater perfection, and more of its Uses shall be dis∣covered in relation both to Physick and Chymistry.

§ 7. And since it is evi∣dent, that it is not constituted of the volatile Salt and Sul∣phur of the Concrete, it re∣mains then, that it must be formed out of its other parts, which are a fixt or elemen∣tary Salt, and a terren fetid Oyl, mixt in such an har∣monious proportion, as may excite the precited Phoenome∣na. These things being con∣sidered, you may from the Principles constituting it, make a judgment of its me∣dical Vertues and various Effects, with relation to hu∣man kind.