Pharmacopœia Bateana, or, Bate's dispensatory translated from the second edition of the Latin copy, published by Mr. James Shipton : containing his choice and select recipe's, their names, compositions, preparations, vertues, uses, and doses, as they are applicable to the whole practice of physick and chyrurgery : the Arcana Goddardiana, and their recipe's intersperst in their proper places, which are almost all wanting in the Latin copy : compleated with above five hundred chymical processes, and their explications at large, various observations thereon, and a rationale upon each process : to which are added in this English edition, Goddard's drops, Russel's pouder [sic], and the Emplastrum febrifugum, those so much fam'd in the world : as also several other preparations from the Collectanea chymica, and other good authors / by William Salmon ...

CHAP. IV. Of BALSAMS Distilled.

I. * Balsamum Apoplecticum, Apoplectick Balsam.

Bate.] ℞ DIstilled Oyls of Ci∣namon, Cloves, Lavender, Limons, Marjoram, Mint, Rue, Rosemary, Sage, Rhodium, Wormwood, A. gut. vj. Bitumen Judaicum in fine Pouder ʒij. Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression ℥j. Balsamum Pe∣ruanum. q. s. mix and make a Balsam. It comforts the Head, discusses cold Humors, for which reason it prevails a∣gainst Apoplexies, Swoonings, and Palsies, being put into the Nostrils, or otherwise ap∣plied. Internally it is given à gr. iij. ad vj. &c. with some Cephalick Electuary.

Salmon.] § 1. This Apo∣plectick Balsam as it is now used, is only smelt to; but that can do but little good; if you would have it power∣ful to the intention, which is to cure all the parts affected, bathe it well in before a Fire. § 2. If the Head be afflicted you must anoint the Temples, Sutures of the Head, and Nostrils: if for a Palsie, anoint the Back-bone from the Nape of the Neck to the Rump, as also the Paralytick Parts; and be sure to do it twice a day, for a Month or six Weeks together, and be not weary; too soon giving over the use of a Medicine (thô it might be the best in the World) as it frustrates the intention for which it is used, so it disparages the Me∣dicine, and causes the Physi∣cian to be slighted and despi∣sed, who otherwise may be a Man of Learning and Abi∣lity enough. § 3. If it be made for Great and Noble Persons who are able to pay for it, you may add choice Musk, Ambergriese, A. ʒss. O∣riental Civet ℈j. which being ground together with a few drops of pure Juyce of Le∣mons, may be mixt with the Composition.

II. * Balsamum Magistrale, The Magistral Balsam.

Bate.] ℞ Distilled Oyls of Spike, and of Bays, Oyl of Pe∣ter, A. ℥j. Caranna, red San∣ders in Pouder, Oyl of Hyperi∣con ℥iss. liquid Storax ℥iv. Wax ℥ivss. Venice Turpentine ℥viij. Choice Oyl Olive lbiss. boil all for an hour, then add distilled Oyl of Juniper-berries ℥j. Oyl of Cloves ʒj. Oyl of Cinamon ʒss. mix them S. A. It most effectually heals green Wounds whether internal or external, and is profitable a∣gainst all sorts of Burnings, Contusions or Bruises, Pains in the Bones and Nerves. It is good against the Head∣ache, being anointed on the Nostrils and Temples: being applied to the Sides with warm Cloths, it discusses Wind, and eases Pain. It gives ease in the Colick, and Pains of the Feet, being a∣nointed warm thereon, they being first cut or pared to the quick. It stops the Bleed∣ing of the Nose, kills Worms, being internally given, and outwardly applied.

Salmon.] § 1. The Pro∣portions are not exquisite; For what signifies ℥iss. of Oyl of Hypericon to above forty Ounces of the Composition? it may either be left out, or ought to be added in a lar∣ger proportion, as ℥iv. at least. § 2. I dislike the Pre∣paration; for if you put in the distilled Oyls of Spike and Bays, and the Oyl of Peter, before the Boiling, they (by reason of their subtility and volatility) will all boyl away, and so the Medicine will be never the better. My Opinion is, that they ought to be put in at last after the boyling, with the Oyls of Juniper, Cinamon, and Cloves. § 3. At the end of the work, every thing being perfectly dissolved that will dissolve, the whole ought to be strain∣ed; for otherwise you will find some kind of filth or feces, which will diminish the pleasant look of the Bal∣sam.

III. Balsamum Martiale, Bal∣sam of Mars.

Bate.] ℞ Mars purified ℥iv. affuse thereon Oyl of Tur∣pentine ℥v. after put in Gut∣tatim Spirit of Nitre ℥iij. di∣gest in a gentle heat for some days; then decant the pure Bal∣sam, S. A. It is the greatest of Vulneraries.

Salmon.] § 1. This is ta∣ken from Zwelfer, Mantiss. Spagyric. par. 1. cap. 4. pag. 808

but somewhat differs in the Composition. In the Author it is thus: ℞ Pure and clean Filings of Mars ℥ij. Oyl of Turpentine, or Oyl of Juniper, or Aniseeds, or Fenuel, which of them you please ℥iij. mix them, and instil thereto by drops, and at times of the acid chalibeat Spirit of Sal Armo∣niack; or for want thereof, a pure Spirit of Nitre: mace∣rate them a little while, so will you have in the Oyl a rubicund Tincture, which separate from its feces by filtring, and keep for use. § 2. The acid cha∣libeat Spirit of Sal Armoni∣ack, is made from Sal Armo∣niack sublimed from an equal quantity of pure Filings of Mars, in a Glass Alimbeck, or Glazed Earthen Cucurbit, upon a naked Fire, first gentle, and then increasing it with degrees of heat, till the bottom of the Cucurbit is red hot (saving the volatile Spirit as it comes forth). ℞ This Martial Sublimate, mix it with the Caput Mort. very well, expose it to the moist Air, that it may be impregna∣ted, and begins to ascend in Flowers of a yellowish colour: put this impregnated Mass into a large Glass Retort, with a long Neck well coated; place it in a Reverberatory, on a naked Fire, with a large Re∣ceiver, well closed in the Joynt, then distil first with a gentle Fire, to force the Flegm; then with a stronger gradatim, that the Spirit in the form of Clouds may follow, by little and little, which continue till the cloudy Spirits disappear, so will you have the acid saline Spirit of Sal Ammoniack of a Golden colour, (much like to Spirit of Salt) by one only distillation pure and deflegmated. § 3. This is the Spirit which Zwel∣fer uses in making of this Balsamum Martiale, for want of which, he says, you may use Spirit of Nitre, and that our Author to avoid such a great labour, chose rather to do: however, I thought good to give the Prescript, that e∣very man may take his choice. § 4. This Balsam, says Zwel∣fer is a present Remedy a∣gainst the Stone, and Ulcers of the Reins, the Colick, the Nephritick Passion, and all other internal Ulcers, of what kind soever, healing them af∣ter a most effectual manner: Dose à ℈ss. ad ℈j. § 5. It has also the same effects upon exter∣nal Ulcers, doing more than can possible be imagined in a very short time; and there∣fore may very well be ac∣counted among the best of Vulneraries Zwelfer also makes it with Ol. Vitrioli.

IV. Balsamum Paralyticum, The Palsie Balsam.

Bate.] ℞ Venice Turpentine lbiv. Olibanum, Aloes, Castor, Myrrh, Xyloaloes, Flowers of Hypericon, A. ℥j. Gum Elemi, Labdanum, A. ℥iij. Styrax li∣quida ℥ij. Balsam of Peru ℥iv. Calamus Aromaticus, Galangal, Cloves, A. ʒvj. Cinamon ℥iss. Flowers of Rosemary and Sage, A. ʒx. all being rightly prepa∣red, mix them with the Tur∣pentine, adding S. V. lbiv. di∣gest warm for six days, then distil through a large Retort in Ashes, first with a gentle fire for forty eight hours, so that the Retort by degrees may grow warm: then for some time with a stronger; and at length with the highest degree of heat; so will you have, 1. A Water which is called, Mater Bal∣sami. 2. A yellow Oyl of a thin substance, which is called, Balsamum Paralyticum. 3. A thick Oyl, which is called, O∣leum Balsami. It wonder∣fully comforts the Nerves, cures the Palsie and Contra∣ctures, outwardly anointing with it, and inwardly ta∣king of it.

Salmon.] § 1. This is taken from Phirovant's Secrets, lib. 3. cap. 2. but differs some∣thing from that Composition; which is this: ℞ Venice Tur∣pentine ℥iv. Olibanum, Myrrh, Gum Hedera, Galbanum A. ℥j. Oyl of Bays, Gum Arabick, A. ʒx. Lignum Aloes, Galingal, Cloves, Consolida Minor, Ci∣namon, Nutmegs, Zedoary, Gin∣ger, white Dittany, A. ʒiij. Musk Ambergrise, A. ℈j. beat all these things together, and put them into a Retort of Glass, well coated, and put thereto recti∣fied Aqua Vitae lbij. digest eight days, then distil in Sand, so will you have a white Water mixed with Oyl: let the Fire be but gentle, till a blackish Oyl begins to come; then change your Receiver, and increase the Fire till all be come forth, so will you have Water and a black Oyl, which separate. The first Water is white, and is called Aqua Balsami, and the Oyl separated from it is cal∣led, Oleum Balsami. The se∣cond Water which is fetid, is called, Mater Balsami; and the Oyl separated from it cal∣led, Balsamum Artificiale. § 2. The first Water is good for the Eyes, and to clear the Skin, being washed therewith; taken inwardly, it is good against Gravel, and to pro∣voke Urine, and is preva∣lent against all manner of Wounds, in what place of the Body soever, if washed therewith, and Cloths wet

therein be laid thereon: It is also good against Whee∣sings, Catarrhs, Coughs, Gouts, and such like. § 3. The o∣ther Water called, Mater Bal∣sami, cures Scabs in a short time, if washed therewith, as also the Leprosie, white Scall, and all sorts of Ulcers which are not corroding, and heals them to a Miracle, without any trouble; as also many other Diseases of the Nerves and Joynts. § 4. The Oleum Balsami cures many Diseases, chiefly Wounds in the Head, tho the Cranium and Mem∣branes should be hurt: It is good against the Palsie and Gout, from a cold Cause, be∣ing anointed with. And ta∣ken inwardly, it is most ex∣cellent against the Pleurisie, ℈j. of it being taken at a time in Balm-water, or some such like thing. § 5. The Balsa∣num Artificiale, is good a∣gainst any Stich in the Side, being taken inwardly à ℈j. ad ʒss, in any proper Vehicle; as also against Vapours and Fits of the Mother: It is good against Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, and Coldness of the Head and Stomach, as also for Wounds in the Head, the Head and Stomach being a∣nointed therewith. It is good against a Quartane, the Back, Stomach, Bowels, and Pulses being anointed therewith; as also against Palsies, and other Diseases of the Nerves and Joynts. § 6. But considering of what differing Substances this Preparation is composed, and how many Aromatick things are in it, we cannot commend the Modus Prepa∣randi, for that those things which are of themselves, and in their own nature fragrant and odoriferous, are by this means made extreamly fetid and ingrateful: nor do we think it prudent or necessary to put odoriferous Ingredi∣ents into Medicines which are distilled by a Retort, for by that means their fragran∣cy is lost, and the pure odour of the Ingredients destroyed. § 7. If therefore you would prepare this Balsam according to Art, you must proceed after this manner: ℞ Venice Turpentine lbiv. Oblibanum, Myrrh, Gum Hedera, Galba∣num, Aloes, A. lbj. Castoreum, Xyloaloes, Galangal, Zedoary, Ginger, Acorus, A. lbss. Flow∣ers of Rosemary, Sage, Laven∣der, Liquid Styrax, Labda∣num, Gum Elemi, Balsam of Peru, A. ℥iv. Cloves, Nutmegs, Cinamon, A. ℥iij. rectified Spi∣rit of Wine lbvj. pouder what are to be poudered, and bruise what are to be bruised, then mix altogether, and put them

into a Glass Cucurbit: di∣gest a Week then distil in B. M. to driness: so have you a sweet or odoriferous Spirit and Oyl, which take, se∣parate, and keep by themselves. § 8. This done, ℞ All the dry matter left in the bottom of the Cucurbit, beat it into gross Pouder, put it into a Re∣tort, and distil upon a naked Fire in a close Reverberatory, so will you have an acid Water, and a fetid Oyl, which take rectifie, separate, and keep by themselves also. By this means you have all the virtue, pow∣er, and efficacy out of the Ingredients, preserving their natural properties and quali∣ties entire. § 9. By the first di∣stillation you have the odori∣ferous Spirit and Oyl, profi∣table against most Diseases of the Head, Brain, Nerves, and Joynts: and by the latter di∣stillation, the acid Spirit, and fetid Balsam; the last of which, may be of good use in many external Diseases, as is before declared: the acid Spirit is Sudorifick, purifies the Blood, and is of excellent use against the Lues Venerea. § 10. The odoriferous Spirit is excellent against the Plague or Pestilence, and infallibly cures it, if the Brain and Heart be not smot, about ʒij. of it being given in a Glass of fragrant Wine, and the Stomach anointed with the fragrant Oyl, and then the Patient made to sweat there∣upon. It comforts the Sto∣mach, consumes cold Hu∣mours, causes an Appetite and good Digestion, and is an excellent thing against Pal∣fies, Convulsions, Weakness of the Optick Nerves, and o∣ther Diseases of the Head and Brain. § 11. The odori∣ferous Oyl preserves all things from putrefaction, is good a∣gainst the Plague or Pesti∣lence, cures the Gout and Sciatica, and is profitable a∣gainst Palsies, Convulsions, Cramps, Numbness, Loss of the use of Limbs, and is good against Rheums, Coughs, Ca∣tarrhs, Colds, Stitches, Pleu∣risies, and expels the Stone and Gravel, whether in Reins or Bladder. Dose à gut. viij. ad xx. dropt into white Su∣gar, and drunk in Parsly-wa∣ter. § 12▪ It has all the Virtues of the Natural Balsam, and cures all manner of Wounds wheresoever, if drest there∣with, and if timely applied, at one application: held in the Month, also, it gives ease in the Tooth-ache; so also, if a hollow Tooth be stopt with a little Cotton, or Lint dip therein. § 13. The fe∣tid Oyl is of use for curing

outwardly Ulcers and Fistu∣la's, and other like stubborn and rebellious running old Sores; it also allays Vapours, and helps Fits of the Mother by smelling to it, or anoint∣ing it on the Nostrils, and sometimes taking it inwardly à gut. j. ad iv.

V. Balsamum Saturnium, Balsam of Saturn.

Bate.] ℞ Salt of Saturn ℥iv. Spirit of Turpentine ℥xij. mix and digest according to Art. It is of very great use in Chyrurgery: heals inve∣terate Ulcers and Tumours, cures Wounds, and preserves them from Accidents, more especially if a little Camphir be added thereto: it prevails also against Fistula's, Cancers, Morphew, &c.

Salmon.] § 1. The Prescript is exactly from Le Mort, who when they are mixt, advises you to let them stand in di∣gestion for six days, till the Oyl or Spirit is tinged of a most rubicund colour, and the Sal or Saccharum is whol∣ly dissolved, still adding a little more, as long as it will dissolve any: And if ʒj. of Camphir be dissolved in eve∣ry Ounce of the Balsam, it will be yet more efficacious. § 2. Or thus, according to Lemery: ℞ Salt of Saturn ℥viij. rectified Oyl of Turpen∣tine, so much as to cover it four inches deep; being put into a Matrass, place it in a gentle Sand heat, digesting for a day, or till you have a red Tincture; which decant, and put on more Oyl of Turpentine digesting as before; then decant the Tin∣cture again, which is a little coloured; and there will remain a little feces at bottom, which you may revive into Lead in a Crucible. Put these dissoluti∣ons into a Glass Retort, place it in Sand, and fit to it a Re∣ceiver, and with a very gentle Fire distil off about two thirds of the Oyl of Turpentine, cease the Fire, and cool the Retort, pouring that out which is in it, into a Glass Vial, which keep for Balsam of Saturn. § 3. It is excellent for curing Fi∣stula's, cleansing and cica∣vizing of Ulcers: It heals Cankers, being but touched with it, thô never so bad, for it mightily resists putre∣faction, heals Wounds, and cures an Atrophy in any par∣ticular part. § 4. It is also of wonderful use in a hot Gout, if a little Lint, or Cloth be moistned in it, and applied to the part. It is said also to cure Suffusions or Cata∣racts in the Eyes, and to take away redness and blood-shot

in them. § 5. It has all the Vir∣tues of the Saccharum Saturni, but much more powerful, and by reason of the Correction of the Ol. Terebinth. may be the more safely taken inward∣ly. Dose à gut. j. ad vj. § 6. Now here is to be no∣ted, That this Oyl of Tur∣pentine dissolves Lead, and easily unites with it, because of its sulphurous nature, and therefore if you should persist in putting on new Spirit or Oyl of Turpentine on the remaining matter, all the Sac∣charum would at last dissolve. § 7. A Compound Balsam of Saturn. ℞ Filing of Mars cleansed q. v. put upon them rectified Spirit of Salt, so much as to over-top them four inches: let them stand together till the effervescence ceases, and the Spi∣rit of Salt grows sweet; which sign appearing, filtrate the Spi∣rit, and evaporate to one half: then add an equal quantity of Saccharum Saturni, put them into a Retort, and with a gen∣tle fire draw off the superfluous Liquor to driness; so in the bottom of the Retort will re∣main a mass of a rubicund ••o∣lour, sweet like to Sugar, and most powerfully astringent. § 8. This being given inward∣ly, it most happily cures Dy∣senteries Hemorrhagies, and the overflowing of the Terms, as also the Hepatick Flux, and the Caeliack Passion. §9. Outwardly, mixed with a∣ny convenient Vehicle, and injected by a Syringe into Wounds, it cures their He∣morrhage or Bleeding, ob∣tunds the sharpness of Hu∣mours, mitigate the Pain, and stops their flux to the wound∣ed part. Inwardly, it is gi∣ven in Vulnerary Potions à gr. iv. ad x.

VI. * Balsamum Succini, Bal∣sam of Amber.

Bate.] ℞ White Amber in subtil Pouder ℥ij. pure Oyl of Turpentine ℥iv. insolate them so long till the Amber is per∣fectly dissolved. It strengthens the Brain and Senses, com∣forts all the Nerves, and is profitable against all their Disaffections, as Convulsions, Epilepsies, Hysterick Fits, &c. It is also a great Diure∣tick.

Salmon.] § 1. Rolfincius, Ar∣tis Chymiae, lib. 4. sect. 5. cap. 2. makes it thus: ℞ Bees∣wax white or red, in fine Pou∣der, q. v. affuse thereon a suf∣ficient quantity of Oyl of Am∣ber, that may dissolve the Pou∣der: mix and digest with a gentle heat to a just Consisten∣cy. This, says he, most pow∣erfully comforts the Brain,

and may be given inwardly in Broth to ℈ss, without nau∣seousness: Outwardly it is to be anointed on the Coro∣nal and Sagittal Sutures, up∣on the Forehead and Tem∣ples.

§ 2. That which I use is thus made: ℞ Pure Oyl of Nutmegs or Mace by Expressi∣on, ℥ij. Choice Oyl of Amber ℥j. Salt of Amber ℥ss. mix them well together, so have you an excellent Balsam of Amber.

§ 3. The Virtues thereof we will give you from Gru∣lingius, Florilegii, par. 11. cap. 2. It excells other Balsams, being used against the Epi∣lepsie, Apoplexy, and Verti∣go; it comforts the Memory after an admirable manner; it cures all Diseases of the Head and Brain; it stops the overflowing of the Terms, Fluxes of Blood, and Suffo∣cation of the Womb; it faci∣litates the Birth, being anoint∣ed upon the Navel, for which reason also it gives ease in the Colick [and in After-pains of Women lying in]; it is good against the Strangury, and strengthens the Concoction of the Stomach; and is a fa∣mous Medicament against the Plague, and all Epidemick Diseases. Dose of it inward∣ly à ℈j. ad ℈ij.

VII. Balsamum Sulphuris Anti∣monii, Balsam of the Sul∣phur of Antimony.

Bate.] ℞ Combustible Sul∣phur of Antimony, Salt of Tar∣tar, A. ℥j, Spirit or Oyl of Tur∣pentine ℥iv. digest them toge∣ther, S. A. It is profitable against sordid Ulcers, Fistu∣la's, &c. Dose inwardly ad gut. x.

Salmon.] § 1. This combu∣stible Sulphur of Antimony is thus made: ℞ Aqua Re∣gia (made of Spirit of Nitre ℥iv. in which ℥j. of the Pouder of Sal Gem is dissolved, and distilled by a Retort in Sand to driness) ℥iv. most fine Pou∣der of crude Antimony ℥j. mix them together in a long Cucur∣bit, putting in the Pouder into the Spirit by degrees, always waiting till the former effer∣vescence ceases: all the Pouder being put in, digest twenty four hours: then pour off the Solution into a white Ware Pot or Bason almost filled with pure Water, so will the whole become like Milk after a little while decant the milky Water into another clean Pot or Bason, and in the bottom you will have a thick and heavy Pouder, which is the inflamable Sulphur of Antimony, which is so often to be washed with pure fair

Water, till it ceases to come a∣way milkie, then dry it, and keep it for use.

§ 2. Or thus: ℞ Fine Pou∣der of crude Antimony, q. v. to which put by degrees Aqua Regia, in a Glass Retort, so long till the effervescence cea∣ses, then draw off the Aqua Regia, by a gentle distillation in a soft fire, but exciting it vehemently towards the end, so in the neck of the Retort, you will find the inflamable Sul∣phur of Antimony sublimed of a subcitrine colour, which take and keep for use.

§ 3. Otto Tachenius in his Hippocrates Chymicus, cap. 23. saith, Simple Aqua Fortis of Nitre and Alum, or Vitriol, corrodes not, nor dissolves crude Antimony; but adding to this Water so much fine cleanly pou∣dred fused Salt, as it can dis∣solve; if it be then superfused on the Pouder of crude Anti∣mony, it will with a gentle heat presently act on the Antimony, and corrode the Regulus of it, on which presently pouring cold Water, you will see the Sulphur separated and swimming upon the top of the Water like Pitch: where note, That at one O∣peration you must not dissolve above ʒij. or thereabouts, for in a greater quantity, the Sulphur will also be corroded by the Water, and turn to feces: dulcifie this Sulphur with cold Water, and it will look like the common Sul∣phur, only a little greener.

§ 4. In making the Bal∣sam you ought to stir the mix∣ture continually till the Sulphur is dissolved in the Oyl, for other∣wise it will coagulate and set∣tle to the bottom into a mass, and never dissolve so as to bring the Oyl into a Balsam: the fire must be gentle and not extream, and you must be cautious, that it kindle not, least you set the House on Fire: the Sulphur being once dissolved, it ought to digest for a Week or more in a gentle heat, to perfect the Ʋnition.

§ 5. This Sulphur is an excellent thing against all Wounds and Ulcers what∣soever, and stops Bleeding ad∣mirably. It is also good a∣gainst Coughs, Colds, Asth∣ma's, and all Oppressions and Obstructions of the Lungs, Difficulty of Breathing Short∣ness of Breath, &c. Dose à gut. vj. ad xij.

VIII. * Balsamum Sulphuris Anisatum, Balsam of Sul∣phur Anisated.

Bate.] ℞ Flowers of Sul∣phur ℥ij. Oyl of Aniseeds ℥viij. mix and digest till the Sul∣phur is dissolved, and the Bal∣sam

becomes of a rubicund co∣lour. It is of admirable use against Catarrhs, or Defluxi∣ons upon the Brest and Lungs, Coughs, Asthma's, Phthisicks, Pleurisies, Colick, the Plague or Pestilence, Epilepsie, and all sorts of Apostemes, and Putrefactions of the Body. Dose ad ℈j.

Salmon.] § 1. It is only a solution of the oily parts of the Sulphur in the Oyl of A∣niseeds: put the Ingredients into a Glass Matrass in Sand, and give a digesting fire for two hours; afterwards in∣crease it a little for four hours more, stirring it very often; the Vessel being cold, sepa∣rate the clear Balsam from the Sulphur that will not dis∣solve.

§ 2. In this our Prescript the Proportion is as j. to iv. but Grulingius, and Monsieur Charras in his Royal Pharma∣copoeia, makes it as j. to vj. ℞ Flowers of Sulphur ℥j. Oyl of Aniseeds by Expression ℥vj. put them into a Matrass, which stop exactly, and set it in dige∣stion over a moderate fire till the Flowers of Sulphur are al∣most all dissolved in the Oyl; take off the Matrass, and when the Ingredients are cool, sepa∣rate the Balsam by inclination from the feces, which keep in a Bottle close stopt.

§ 3. Now here is to be no∣ted, that the volatility of the Oyl of Aniseeds requires that the Matrass should be well stopt; but you must be care∣ful in the time of digestion to shake the Matrass often, to hasten the dissolution of the Flowers.

§ 4. It is also to be obser∣ved, that the Oyl by Expres∣sion may make a dissolution of the Sulphur; yet the Oyl by distillation would do bet∣ter, (and that is it which is intended by our Author) but being more volatile, it is ab∣solutely necessary, that the Vessel should be well stopt.

§ 5. Le Mort makes it af∣ter this manner: ℞ Sulphur, or its Flowers ℥ij. Salt of Tar∣tar ℥j. mix and melt them to∣gether exactly, till they become of a darkish purple colour; this done, pouder them, and to two Ounces of the Mass add Oyl of Aniseeds ℥iij. boyl them in B. M. for eight hours often stirring the Materials: then the Vessel being cold, decant the tinged supernating Oyl, and keep it for use.

§ 6. This you see is made by the help or addition of Salt of Tartar; which thô it may be made without it, yet by this means the Body of the Sulphur is not only pre∣pared, and somewhat open∣ed

beforehand, but also the acid particles thereof, are cor∣rected, so as they may not hurt the Lungs.

§ 7. But in our Phylaxa Medicinae, cap. 55. sect. 1. we have taught you to make it from Lac Sulphuris, for that the Body of the Sulphur is yet better opened by the Al∣cali, and Experience has con∣firmed the Effects thereof to be more excellent, than that otherwise prepared.

§ 8. Our Author thinks this Balsam to be little inferiour to Natural Balsam, for that it moderately heats and dries and preserves from Corrupti∣on. It is highly recommend∣ed against Diseases of the Brest and Lungs, as Coughs Colds, Asthma's, Pleurisies and Ulcers of the Lungs. It is very good against the Co∣lick, Oppressions of Wind, Gripings of the Guts, Weak∣ness and Indigestion of the Stomach, want of Appetite, Heart-burnings, &c. It is al∣so good against the Plague or Pestilence, and all Epide∣mick Diseases, continual and intermitting Feavers.

§ 9. Grulingius, par. 17: cap. 5. pag. 385. Florilegii, calls it the most perfect of Balsams, and says it has all the Virtues of the Natural Balsam, and the greatest Con∣servative Power in preserving from putrefaction; and be∣sides all the former Diseases for which it is good, he com∣mends it as an excellent thing against the Lues Venerea, and all Apostemes proceeding from putrefaction. Dose a gut. iv. ad xij. or xvj.

§ 10. If you would take it in a Potion, it will be best to dissolve it first in a little of the Yolk of an Egg, and then to mix it with the Broath, Wine, or Waters which you design as a Vehiculum. For the Colick anoint it on the Navel and Belly.

IX. Balsamum Sulphuris Ben∣zoïnatum, Benjamin Bal∣sam of Sulphur.

Bate.] It is made of the Flowers of Sulphur, and Oyl of Benjamin, in like manner as the Anisated Balsam. It is a wonderful Pulmonick and Antiasthmatick, and strange∣ly prevails in drying up Catarrhs.

Salmon.] § 1. What this Oyl is, and how it it is di∣stilled, we shall here shew. Having made the Flowers of Benjamin, as we shall here∣after (in this Book) declare; you are to take what remains after the Flowers are sublimed and put into a little Glass Re∣tort,

and then to distil with a fit Sand heat a thick and fra∣grant Oyl, continuing the di∣stillation till no more will come forth, and nothing but a spon∣gy Earth remains behind in the Retort.

§ 2. Grulingius in Florile∣gium teaches you to mix the Benjamin with Sand, and to fill the Retort half full, then to distil with degrees of Fire; so have you a Water and Oyl thick like Butter: But this is fetid, and not fit for our purpose, and therefore he prescribes a rectification; this, tho it renders it more grate∣ful, yet is unfit for this work.

§ 3. Charras makes it thus: ℞ Benjamin lbj. in Pouder put it into a Glass Retort having a longer neck then ordinary; add rectified S. V. lbiij. mix them well, and lute to it a Vessel of Rencounter, setting the Retort upright for twenty four hours, upon a very gentle Sand heat, stirring the Substances from time to time to hasten the dissolution of the Benjamin: this done, place the Retort in a Sand heat, take off the Vessel of Rencounter, and fit to it an half Ball, luted with a wet Bladder, and with a moderate Fire distil off the Spirit of Wine, after which the Flowers will rise: as soon as you see them appear, set to a new Re∣ceiver, in the place of the for∣mer, luting the Juncture slight∣ly, that you may take out from time to time, the Flowers that shall fall into it, and such as stop the neck of the Retort, keeping them by themselves for their particular use. The Flow∣ers being past Lute to another Receiver, so will you have at first a thick Liquor or Oyl. 2. An acid Water. 3. A yel∣low, clear, and odoriferous Oyl, (which is the thing designed in our Prescript.) 4. And by con∣tinuance a fat and thick Oyl; which is only of use to cleanse and heal old Ulcers.

§ 4. We will yet (because of the excellency thereof) shew another way of distil∣ling our intended Oyl, which is thus: ℞ Benjamin in Pou∣der, so much as may fill the third part, or less, of the Re∣tort, (which if of Glass must be coated) affuse thereon Spirit of Salt, q. s. but so as the Retort may not be too full, least the matter should flow over: place it in Sand, and give Fire by degrees, so will you have, 1. A Flegm. 2. A clear transparent Oyl together with the Spirit of Salt, which must be kept by itself. 3. A yellow Oyl, which is to be kept by itself, and is that intended in the Prescript. 4. A thick fat Oyl; which,

thô it is not to be cast away. yet is very unlike to the for∣mer, and serves only for out∣ward uses, to be mixt with Oyntments and Emplasters.

§ 5. The Water or Flegm is very subtil and penetra∣ting, good against Contracti∣ons of the Nerves, Pains, Aches, Palsies, &c. The clear Oyl is more powerful, and does Wonders in cold Disea∣ses of the Nerves. The yel∣low Oyl which is the intend∣ed matter of the Prescript, is yet more powerful than ei∣ther of the former, and a Spe∣cifick in the Palsie, &c.

§ 6. Having gotten this yellow odoriferous Oyl of Benjamin, you are to put in∣to it a fourth part of the Flowers of Sulphur, in a Glass Matrass, which being stopt up close, you are to pursue the Operation in all respects in the former Anisated Balsam of Sulphur.

§ 7. This Balsam is singu∣larly good for Asthmatick Persons, and such as Wheeze, are Short-winded, and cannot easily fetch their Breath; and is especially good for such as have a vehement Ca∣tarrh, which falls violently upon the Brest and Lungs: It is good against a Phthisic, or Ulcer of the Lungs, and by its Balsamick property, quickly heals and cures it: It is also good against the Colick, and Griping of the Guts, more especially if it proceeds from a Dysentery or Bloody-flux. Dose à gut. vj. ad xij. or xvj.

§ 8. Outwardly it is vul∣nerary, and speedily cures any green Wound, or old Ulcer, being applied either alone, or with some other proper Balsam or Emplaster. It cures the Gout, as also old Aches and Pains proceeding from a cold Cause, the places afflicted being often anointed therewith, and Cloths dipt in the same laid thereon, at least twice a day.

X. Balsamum Sulphuris Knoe∣phelii, Knephely his Bal∣sam of Sulphur.

Bate.] It is made from the Hepar Sulphuris poudered, p. 4. fresh Lin-seed Oyl, p. iij. and then boiled to a thickness, and cautiously distilled by a Retort; then mixing the Oyl (first se∣parated from the Water) with half the quantity of the Colco∣thar of Vitriol, upon a gentle Fire; which being cooled are to be put into a Glass Retort in Sand, to be distilled, or rather rectified: this rectified Oyl is to be mixed with half the quan∣tity of Oyl of Aniseed, and to

be digested, S. A. into a red Balsam. It is a most excel∣lent Balsam for the Lungs, drying up Catarrhs, helping Asthma's, Coughs, Phthisicks, the Colick, &c. It helps Ex∣pectoration, stops Defluxions to the Joynts, discusses Ven∣tosities, and prevents them. Dose à gut. iv. ad xij.

Salmon.] § 1. This is taken out of the Messis Medico-Spa∣gyrica, or the Edition of Schro∣der in Folio, pag. 733. from whence we shall a little ex∣plicate the process: moreo∣ver, in the original Prescript the Sulphur and the Linseed Oyl are in equal quanti∣ties.

§ 2. ℞ The best yellow Sul∣phur finely poudred, fresh made Linseed-Oyl, A. lbiij. mix them together, and boyl them in a very large Copper Vessel, but upon a very gentle fire, conti∣nually stirring them with a wooden Spatula, till they begin to grow thick: then remove the Kettle or Skellet from the fire, and put it into a great Vessel filled with cold Water, so will the matter ascend, and be condensed like Liver, but all spongy; which being cooled, and taken out upon a wooden Table, let it be cut into little bits, which put into a strong Retort, well luted and coated; then put it into a Rever∣beratory, affixing a proper Re∣ceiver, and distil with degrees of fire: for the first five hours, there comes forth Flegm; af∣ter that, a milkie Liquor, which will also continue for six or se∣ven hours: cautiously proceed farther to fifteen hours, pru∣dently managing the Fire (if you would save your Receiver, and not take pains in vain, which you are friendly advised of) till little white Clouds be∣gin to come forth, then increa∣sing the Fire (by adding more Coals) a most red Oyl will di∣stil forth; in which degree of heat continually keep it, till the whole radical humidity is distilled over, and till no more Clouds appear, then exciting the fire to the highest violence, so as the Retort may be red hot, the thick Oyl, like to Butter, will come forth, but yet in small quantity.

§ 3. In this last distillation, you shall see the whole Fur∣nace (chiefly in the Night) of a Cerulean colour, for that all the Sulphur being kindled does burn, and the whole House will be filled with a Sulphurous Odour; and al∣most all Metalick Vessels, chiefly such as are made of Silver and Copper, or Iron, spotted and blemished, or changed into divers colours, as if they had been stained

with Verdigrise, so subtil is this Spirit, to pierce all the Vessels, the Walls of the Fur∣nace, and the several Coat∣ings. This Butter, like Oyl being come forth, the Fire is to be removed or diminish∣ed, that every thing may cool.

§ 4. The distillation being done, the milkie Liquor is to be separated from the Oyl, which is wont to coagulate itself into a thick and stiff Mass, which yet notwith∣standing, upon the Fire is a∣gain easily melted, and it is to be rectified after this man∣ner:

§ 5. ℞ Of this coagulated Oyl p. ij. Colcothar of Vitriol, p. j. mix them upon the Fire in a large Pan, stirring them with a wooden Spatula: being mixed and cooled, break it in∣to small bits, put them into a Glass Retort, and distil in Sand, and again in the space of twen∣ty four hours the Flegm will come forth with Oyl; then augmenting the Fire, there comes forth together with the Spirits a thick Oyl, not much unlike Glew, which being all come forth, is again to be sepa∣rated from the Flegm.

§ 6. ℞ Of this Oyl separated from the Flegm; for Example sake, ℥iv. Oyl of Aniseeds ℥ij. mix them in a Phial hermeti∣cally sealed, and digest for for∣ty days in a gentle and Philo∣sophick digestion, and so long till they are perfectly united, so have you the true Antihectick Tincture, red like a Ruby.

§ 7. It is one of the great∣est Arcanums that is, for the Cure of the Phthisick, and all Diseases of the Brest and Lungs, so that in the World a greater or better is scarcely to be found (for which the Name of the most great and good God be eternally blessed and praised). In the Plague it is as it were a Divine Re∣medy, as well for the preser∣vation from, as the Cure of that Disease. And as it is a Balsam for both Lungs and Liver, so also it is an ex∣cellent Antepileptick and An∣tilunatick. Dose à gut. iij. ad x. in any fit Vehicle.

§ 8. Now here is to be no∣ted, That the Work will the better succeed, if some Salt of Tartar be added by mix∣ing it with the crude Sul∣phur in the first work, before you mix it with the Linseed Oyl. Agricola in his Tract of Sulphur, pag. 397. and Joh. Poppius in Hodegetico, make mention of this Oily Medi∣cament. So also Paracelsus, Libro de Naturalibus rebus, cap. 8. § 7. And Rolfincius Artis Chymiae, lib. 4. sect. 1.

art. 1. cap. 2. describes it from Paracelsus.

§ 9. It does wonders in the Colick, Stone, Palsie, Con∣tractions of the Limbs, in ex∣pelling Worms, and in heal∣ing, old, fetid, and rebelli∣ous Ulcers. The white Li∣quor separated in the first distillation (which has no in∣ternal use) is a singular thing against the Psora, Scab, Le∣prosie, and an Alopecia Le∣prosa, or Leprous Falling of the Hair. It is good for Pu∣stuls, and other Breakings out in the Face and Skin, Scurf, Morphew, Gutta Rosacea, being mixt with other Li∣quors; and some say it is profitable for such as labour under an Hydrophobia.

XI. * Balsamum Sulphuris Suc∣cinatum, Balsam of Sulphur with Amber.

Bate.] It is made of the Flowers of Sulphur with Oyl of Amber, in all respects as you make the Anisated Balsam. It prevails against the Colick, &c.

Salmon.] § 1. The Vulgar Chymist has another way of making this Balsam, besides the common way of the Te∣rebinthinated, or Anisated Balsam, and it is thus: ℞ Of the thick Terebinthinated Bal∣sam of Sulphur (the Prepara∣tion of which see in Sect. 12. next following) ℥j. Pure Oyl of Amber ℥ij. mix them well together, by shaking them in a Vial, then put them into B. M. and gently boyl them, so will the Oyl dissolve the Balsams, enter into it, and mix with it, and this is Balsamum Sul∣phuris Succinatum.

§ 2. Other Authors advise not to boyl the Terebinthi∣nated Balsam, and the Oyl of Amber together, but only to digest them together in a boyl∣ing B. M. till the Balsam is dissolved in the Oyl: but by this way it will be thinner, and want of the true Consistency of the Balsam of Sulphur.

§ 3. It is a good Vulne∣rary; both inwardly taken, and outwardly applied heals Ulcers of the Lungs; it heats, attenuates, incides, dries, re∣solves thick Flegm both in Stomach and Lungs, is of good use against the Jaundice, Coughs, Colds, and Shortness of Breath, allays Vapors, and helps Hysterick Fits; and in a word, it is good against most Diseases of the Brest, Lungs, and Womb. It also kills Worms, and strengthens the Bowels. Dose à gut. iv. ad xx. mixt with some pro∣per Syrup.

XII. * Balsamum Sulphuris Terebinthinatum, Balsam of Sulphur Terebinthinated.

Bate.] It is made with Oyl of Turpentine, as that with Oyl of Aniseeds aforegoing. See the Virtues of the Anisated Balsam.

Salmon.] § 1. ℞ Sulphur in fine Pouder, or rather Flowers of Sulphur ℥iv. pure Oyl of Tur∣pentine ℥xvj. put them into a Glass Matrass, which place in Sand with a digesting fire for two hours; then increase it a little for four hours, so will the Oyl dissolve part of the Sulphur, and extract out of it a red co∣lour: let the Vessel cool, then separate the clear Balsam from the Sulphur that will not dis∣solve.

§ 2. Now here is to be no∣ted, that in making this Bal∣sam, the Matrass ought not to be above half full: and whereas, we here prescribe it to be made in a Sand heat, some make it in a boyling Balneo, and fit another Ma∣trass to it, thereby making a double Vessel.

§ 3. In this heat (whether in B. M. or Sand) the Spirit will begin to simper, and presently after the Sulphur will melt, and ting the Oyl of a deep red colour: the fire is to be so govern'd as to hin∣der the Oyl from boyling, and in about two hours time the Operation will be done; yet it will be better to keep it in the same heat for three or four hours longer.

§ 4. This done, decant the dissolution while it is hot, into an Earthen white Ware Ves∣sel, so will the undissolved Sulphur as it grows cold, set∣tle to the bottom in a yellow Lump, the pure Balsam re∣maining above, which then you are to pour off by incli∣nation, and keep in a Glass close stopt for use.

§ 5. There is no need of a great Fire for this operati∣on, because the Sulphur being a fat Body, does easily incor∣porate with Oyls, and com∣monly gives them a red co∣lour, that which remains un∣dissolved in the Matrass, Le∣mery says, is the acid or sa∣line part of the Sulphur, and is found crystallized.

§ 6. In this Operation the Oyl draws with the colour the odour also of the Sulphur, so much, as almost to lose all its own scent.

§ 7. Le Mort first mixes the Flowers, p. ij. with Salt of Tartar, p. j. by exactly melting them together, till they are of a blackish purple colour, then poudering the

Mass, adds to it double the weight of the Flowers of the Oyl of Turpentine, and then boyls them in a Glass Ma∣trass in Sand for three hours, after which being cold, he separates the clear Balsam for use.

§ 8. And this addition of Salt of Tartar may seem ne∣cessary, for that thereby the Body of the Sulphur is in a great measure opened, where∣by it the easier dissolves and yields its Tincture to the Oyl: and tho' without the Salt of Tartar the substance of the Sulphur will dissolve in the Oyl; yet by the help there∣of, the Balsam is made much more efficacious. So that this Balsam thus made, is nothing but a conjunction of the Sul∣phur, or its oily parts, with distilled Oyls, which by the addition of a fixed Salt is ac∣celerated, for that it breaks the Chains of the acid, which holds the particles of the Sul∣phurous Body together.

§ 9. It is a most excel∣lent Anodyn and Healer of Wounds and Burns of the Nerves, and Nervous parts: It cures also Ulcers of the Brest and Lungs, and is ad∣mirable against Coughs of all sorts, Colds, Hoarseness, Loss of Voice, Shortness of Breath, Difficulty of Breathing, and other Diseases of the Brest and Lungs. It cures also the Pain of the Ears, being dropt into them. It heats, dries, atte∣nuates, incides, resolves, and provokes both Sweat and U∣rine. Dose à gut. iv. ad xx.

§ 10. Modus Utendi. ℞ Of this Balsam q. v. mix with it so much double or treble refined Sugar, as will make it into a kind of a rough moist Pouder: to which add so much pure fresh Butter, as may make it into the Body of a Balsam fit to be cut like Butter, of a perfect bright golden colour.

§ 11. By this means the Balsam is rendred pleasant both to the Eye and Palate, so that the most delicate Sto∣mach will hardly refuse it, it having lost all the scent both of the Sulphur and the Oyl, and acquired by the mixing of the Sugar, the true scent of Lime-Juyce, or Juyce of Li∣mons: but that it may have this smell certainly, it is re∣quisite that in the first making of the Balsam, you never give it so great a heat as to make it boyl. Of this Balsam thus compounded, the Patient may take the quantity of a pretty large Chestnut, three or four several times a day, and par∣ticulary, first in the Morning fasting, and last at Night go∣ing

to Bed. It is an admira∣ble thing, and does wonders. Thus compounded, it is gi∣ven to Children for the Worms.

§ 12. The Balsam of Sul∣phur may also be reduced to the Consistence of an Un∣guent, by evaporation, and then it is of use to cleanse and heal Wounds, especially of the Nerves and Nervous parts, and to cure old Ul∣cers, Running Sores, and Fi∣stula's. See our Pharm. Lond. lib. 3. cap. 12. sect. 12.

XIII. Balsamum Tartari, Bal∣sam of Tartar.

Bate.] ℞ Oyl of Tartar per deliquium ℥ix. Cremor Tartari poudred ℥viij. digest and eva∣porate to driness; affuse there∣on Spirit of Wine or Vinegar, with which extract a Tincture, filter and abstract to the Con∣sistence of Honey, S. A. It is a most powerful Medica∣ment against the Gout and Stone, and loosens the Belly. Dose ad ʒss. Outwardly parts pained are anointed there∣with: It is good also against all chronick and stubborn Diseases.

Salmon.] § 1. This is the Balsamum Samech Paracelsi, whose usual preparation is this: ℞ Of the best Salt of Tartar lbj. and with a suffici∣ent quantity of Water make of it a strong Lixivium: take also Cremor Tartari lbj. and dissolve is in Rain-water by boyling: mix these Solutions together guttatim, so long till you see all the Effervescence cease, then immediately filter it, and evaporate to the form of a Salt. To this affuse the best Tartarised S. V. so much as may cover or over-top it three or four inches; let it stand in digestion, so long till the S. V. has contracted the highest red∣ness; then decant the S. V. and affufe-new S. V. as before; this Work continue till you have extracted all the Tincture out of the Salt: mix these Tin∣ctures together, and in a Glass Alembick in B. M. draw off the one half of the Spirit, so will the Balsam remain at the bottom.

§ 2. Now here is to be no∣ted, that the first part of the preparation, where the two Liquors being mixt together, till the Effervescence ceases, then filtrated and evapora∣ted to the form of a Salt, is that which is properly called the Balsamum Samech, and is given à ℈ss. ad ʒss. in some Diuretick Liquor.

§ 3. It is a Medicine that powerfully educes the Tartar of the Blood by Urine, and

effectually expels Sand, Gra∣vel, and Stone from the Reins and Bladder, for which rea∣son it is esteemed as a potent Medicine against the Gout. It is exhibited as a Specifick against the Dropsie, Podagra, Scrophula, and Obstructions of the Terms, Green-sickness in Virgins, &c.

§ 4. The Tincture (which is the latter part of the Pre∣paration) has all the same Virtues with the Salt, but is much more powerful to the said intentions, and may be given à ℈j. ad ʒj.

XIV. Balsamum Veneris, Bal∣sam of Venus.

Bate.] It is made of Plates of Copper, digested with Oyl of Turpentine, till a green Bal∣sam is formed, S. A. It chiefly cleanses Wounds, Ulcers, Fi∣stula's, &c. being mixed with other convenient Medica∣ments.

Salmon.] § 1. Schroderus in Pharm. lib. 3. cap. 12. sect. 4. § 3. advises to take Filings of Copper, and to add to them Spirit of Turpentine, then to digest till it is green, so have you a thing useful in Chirur∣gery.

§ 2. But the best way of making this Balsam is thus: ℞ Verdigrise, and dissolve it in Spirit of Vinegar, filter, and abstract to driness, or let it crystallize, so have you a pure Verdigrise: of this take ʒj. Spi∣rit or Oyl of Turpentine ℥vj. mix and digest, till the Oyl has drawn the Tincture of the Verdigrise into its Body.

§ 3. It is of excellent use in all inveterate running Sores, old Ulcers, Fistula's, the Synovia, or Running of Water from Wounds and Ulcers in the Joynts, and all other stubborn and rebellious Maladies of like nature, do∣ing that which scarcely any other Medicine will do be∣sides; but it is not usually ap∣plied alone. § 4. The best way is to mix it with some other proper Oyntment or Balsam, and so apply it. It is a Me∣dicament not to be despised, tho' it is composed of things of small price, and easily made.