Pharmacopœia Bateana, or, Bate's dispensatory translated from the second edition of the Latin copy, published by Mr. James Shipton : containing his choice and select recipe's, their names, compositions, preparations, vertues, uses, and doses, as they are applicable to the whole practice of physick and chyrurgery : the Arcana Goddardiana, and their recipe's intersperst in their proper places, which are almost all wanting in the Latin copy : compleated with above five hundred chymical processes, and their explications at large, various observations thereon, and a rationale upon each process : to which are added in this English edition, Goddard's drops, Russel's pouder [sic], and the Emplastrum febrifugum, those so much fam'd in the world : as also several other preparations from the Collectanea chymica, and other good authors / by William Salmon ...

XXVI. Sal Chalybis, Salt of Steel.

Bate.] ℞ Crocus Martis made with A. R. extract the Salt with Water, filter and crystallize, S. A. It has the Power of inciding and open∣ing Obstructions, both of the Bowels and Womb. Dose, à gr. j. ad v. and more.

Salmon.] § 1. Beguinus, Lib. 2. Cap. 15. makes his Crocus after this manner. ℞ Filings of Mars ℥j. which dissolve in A.F. ℥viij. (but other Authors say ℥iv.) or in as much good Spirit of Nitre in a Glass Gourd; put the Spirit in pau∣latim, or by little and little, by reason of the great Ebuli∣tion which arises: when this is done, put an Alembick or Head upon the Gourd, and draw off all the Humidity, which will be as insipid as Water, by reason that the Steel retains all the Acid Spirits: at the bottom of the Glass you will have ℥jss. of a Rubicund Crocus, which put into a Cru∣cible, upon a moderate fire, so as to make it red for three hours.

§ 2. This is the Aperitive Crocus Martis, which accord∣ing to Zwelfer may be pre∣pared also with Oils or Spirits of Vitriol, or Sulphur, or Salt,

with Spirit of Nitre, or Vine∣gar, or any other proper A∣cid: but, says he, this opening Crocus is made with a very gentle Calcination: The Cro∣cus being made, you may easi∣ly make the Salt by the or∣dinary Method of Extracti∣on with fair Water, filtering, and crystallizing.

§ 3. Our Author in his Text, exactly follows Schro∣der, but he orders it to be often dissolved and coagula∣ted, that the Salt may be sweetish: Where note, that in the first dissolution of the Steel in A. R. if you can∣not filter it, because it cor∣rodes the Paper, you must mix the greater quantity of Water with it, that it may not be so sharp, and it will filter the better.

§ 4. Gregorius Horstius in his Epistle to his Observati∣ons says, that this Salt will cut and open the worst Ob∣structions of the Bowels and Womb, and may be given, à gr. iv. ad viij. it cures the Cachexia and Green-sickness in Virgins.

§ 5. Authors seem to make a difference between the Vitriol of Mars, and the Salt of Mars, tho' they are both but Salts of Mars, and both do one and the same thing: but there is this difference in the Preparation, that the Vi∣triolum Martis is made with the Oil or Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur, with the addition of some Water; whereas the Sal Martis is made only with Spirit of Vinegar.

§ 6. Riverius his Vitriolum or Sal Martis is thus made. ℞ Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur lbss. S. V. lbj. mix them in a new clean Iron Frying-pan, co∣ver it with a sheet of white Paper, and digest fifteen days so will there be a white Salt like gathering, which set in the Sun and dry it throughly, stirring it sometimes with an Iron Spatula; in the Winter dry it in a gentle Sand-heat, and keep it in a Glass close stopt for use.

§ 7. This he commends as an admirable thing against the most contumacious Ob∣structions of the Liver, Spleen, Womb, or the other Vis∣cera: and it is said to be a perfect Cure for Hypochon∣driack Melancholy, above all other Medicaments. Dose, à ℈ss. ad ℈j. in Wine or other Liquor.

§ 8. Crollius makes a Salt of Iron by cementing Calx of Iron with Sulphur, and then extracting it with hot Water, filtering, and crystallizing ac∣cording to the usual Method.

§ 9. Schroder has a purging Salt of Iron, which he makes after this manner. ℞ Filings of Iron, Sal Armoniack, A. grind them gently on a Marble, put them into an Earthen Still, and sublime, first with a gentle fire, then with a stron∣ger, increasing the fire by de∣grees: let it cool, and break the Vessel, and keep the upper part that is white, to make a new Sublimation with fresh filings: keep also the middle yellow part, which is the Dia∣phoretick Flowers of Iron: then take out the Caput Mor∣tuum, in the bottom, and ex∣tract with Water a common Salt, which purifie by Soluti∣on, Filtration, and Coagula∣tion, keeping it in a Glass close stopt for use.

§ 10. Being mixed in any proper Laxative or Syrup of Violets, à ℈ss. ad ℈j. it purges gently, and admirably opens all sorts of Obstructions of the Viscera: but this it does in my opinion much better, if the middle yellow Flow∣ers be mixed with it.

§ 11. Le Febure's Vitrio∣lum Martis. ℞ Filings put them into a Glass Cucurbit, and Gradatim affuse Spirit or Oil of Vitriol, with most of its Flegm, stir both together with an Iron Spatula, and put on so much of the Spirit, as that the Matter may be well satiated therewith; then af∣fuse thereon Rain-water al∣most boiling hot, so much as may overtop the Filings the height of four Inches: digest in a gentle Sand-heat for 24 hours, then filter the warm Liquor, and evaporate to one half, and set it to crystallize, which the next Morning you will find of a bright green round about the Vessel: take these Crystals or Vitriol, put them between two Papers, and dry them in a slow and gentle heat: upon the remaining Fi∣lings put more Spirit of Vi∣triol and warm Water, which in like manner digest, decant, filterate, and crystallize, till the whole body of the Iron is converted into Vitriol or Salt, a little Earthy sedement only remaining.

§ 12. Of ℥xij. of Filings you will have ℥48. of Vitriol, by which you may perceive, that it is nothing but Mars dissolved and resuming its Vitriolick Idea or Character, as being a Body which was once Vitriol: and this Vi∣triol much surpasses in Ex∣cellency the common Vitriol out of which the Spirit used in this Work has been distil∣led; for the recorporified Spirits have a greater Sphear of Activity, and do much

more powerfully work than the Substances purely and meerly natural; this Vitriol has more efficacy, and acts with much more quickness than the apperitive Crocus, in all the Diseases it is applicable to, but the Dose is much less, beginning with gr. 3. and so increasing gradually till you come to gr. 10. or 20. ei∣ther in some Bolus, Wine or Broth.

§ 13. But here is one Note worthy of Observation, the Remedies extracted from Mars must be long continued and ta∣ken, increasing their Dose a Grain, or more every day, till it begins to cause a nauseousness in the Stomach, and then to diminish it to what the Sto∣mach can well receive, and so continuing it; for that it ap∣pears, Nature then is bringing forth its desired effects, with∣out any force or violence.

§ 14. You ought also to observe that such as use Steel Remedies should be purged every fourth or fifth day, in case it does not so provoke Nature as is desired; and every other day, the Bowels ought to be opened by a so∣lutive Clyster, or a Clyster made of new Urine.

§ 15. Wherefore every fourth or fifth day take this gentle Purge. ℞ Veal or Chick∣en Broth ℥viij. vitriolated Tartar ℈j. choice Sena ʒij. in∣fuse twelve hours, strain, and give it for a Dose. This carries off, and expels out of the Body, those Recre∣ments which this great Re∣medy has made fit for Eva∣cuation.

§ 16. Le Febure's Salt of Mars, which Schroder and others call the sweet Salt of Mars. ℞ Filings lbss. put them into a Stone Dish or Pan, sprinkle them with good Spirit of Vinegar, till they become a Paste, which gently dry: grind it on a Marble, and moisten in like manner again with the same Spirit; then dry again, grind and moisten again, which work so often repeat till you discern by the Taste the Mass to be of a sweetish savour or rellish: then put this Pouder into a Cucurbit, and affuse thereon Flegm of Vinegar, so much as may overtop it six Inches; cause the Liquor to boil, so will it extract the Salt, always observing to put in new Flegm of Vinegar, as you see the other evaporates away: the Menst being sufficiently impreg∣nated decant it, and being cold filterate it, and in B. M. abstract two or three parts, and in a cool place, set it to shoot into Crystals: separate the superna∣ting Liquor, evaporate again

and crystallize, which work so often repeat till it will yield no more: then dry them, and put them into a circulary Ves∣sel, affusing thereon Alcohol of S. V. so much as may overtop them three Inches: lute it close up, and digest in B. V. with a very gentle heat for seven days: then unlute the Vessel and abstract the S. V. and at bottom you will have a very pure and pleasant Salt of Mars.

§ 17. It is famous in open∣ing and removing of Ob∣structions, chiefly in weak and tender Bodies; and is good generally, against all Melancholick Affections, and Diseases of the Reins and Bladder; but is particularly a Specifick for the Cure of Dropsies, opens Obstructions of the Womb, and cure Fits of the Mother. Dose, à gr. iv, ad 20. in Broth, Decocti∣on, or Wine.

§ 18. Beguinus makes his Vitriol of Mars, with Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur, putting to ℥j. of the unrectified Oil, ℥ij. of Water, which he puts upon ℥j. of Filings, and then per∣forms the Operation in all re∣spects as at Sect. XI. afore∣going.

§ 19. Others make the Vitriol thus. ℞ Filings lbj. put them into a large Ma∣trass; and affuse thereon of the best corrosive Oil of Vi∣triol lbiij. mixt with Rain-water lb9. putting on the Li∣quor by degrees: digest in a Sand-heat for two or three days, in which time most of the Fi∣lings will be dissolved (which would not be without the addi∣tion of the Water, which hin∣ders the Oil of Vitriol from being suckt up, and congealed by the Filings of the Steel;) and the dissolution will be green, then filter, and crystallize as before directed.

§ 20. With this Vitriol Ar∣tificial Mineral Waters may be made, either strong or weak, according to the In∣tention of the Physician: but for the most part ʒj. of this Vitriol serves for two Quarts of Water.

§ 21. Some in making the Salt of Mars at Sect XVI. a∣bove, repeat the Operation of moistening the Filings with Spirit of Vinegar, drying and grinding, at least a dozen times, the better to open the Body of the Steel, and then if the Filings were at first but lbss. (putting them into a Gourd in B. M.) they affuse thereon lbxij. of distilled Vinegar, and con∣tinue it in the heat till a third part of the Menstruum is consumed; then being cold, they decant the Solution, and

affuse new Menstruum to the Steel, &c. repeating this Ope∣ration thrice: mix the Solu∣tions, filter, evaporate, and crystallize, &c.

§ 22. This Salt has a great use in Physick, for the Acids with which it is prepared, carry it into the most remote and difficult places of the Body: and the Acids them∣selves (which being alone might do mischief) being as it were fettered and correct∣ed by the Alcali of the Steel or Iron, act not with their wonted or natural Vio∣lence.

§ 23. Thibaut makes his Salt or Vitriol of Mars thus. ℞ Of the opening Crocus in fine Pouder lbvj. put it into an Iron Kettle, and affuse thereon fair Water lbxij boil, con∣tinually stirring it for two hours with an Iron Spatula, till the Water be half boiled away, then filter whilst warm, afterwards evaporate and cry∣stallize, as before directed.

§ 24. These Crystals are of a transparent green colour, because that Mars is made out of a Vitriolick Earth, as afore-hinted, which does con∣tain nothing but pure Vi∣triol, which by the violence of the Fire is changed into a Metalick body, this being opened again by dissol∣vants resumes its ancient co∣lour.

§ 25. They ought to be kept in a Glass close stopt, because the Air will soon change their colour, and co∣ver them with a kind of white Meal, which will change their transparency and greenness.

§ 26. These Crystals of Mars are nothing but Par∣ticles of the Body of Mars, intimately joyned with an Acid Salt, and extracted out of the opening Calx of Mars, by the sweetest of all dissol∣vants, which is common Water, by boiling, and then evaporated and crystal∣liz'd.

§ 27. Charras makes two kinds of the Salt of Mars, the first is exactly agreeable with that of Le Febure at Sect. XVI. above, so that no more need be said of it here: his other is the same with that of Riverius at Sect. VI. afore∣going, with whom Lemery exactly agrees; but they differ from him, in the Pro∣portions of the S. V. and Oil of Vitriol: for whereas Riverius doubles the Pro∣portions of S. V. to the Oil; they both, make them equal.

§ 28. This Salt says Char∣ras is much beyond that made with Spirit of Vinegar, and is a singular Example of the Change of the Liquid Forms of the Spirits of Wine and Vitriol into a solid, by the common Union with the Particles of Iron: and is gi∣ven à ℈ss. ad ʒss. as one of the best Remedies which can be drawn from Mars, and which may be truly called the Soul of that mixt.

§ 29. In making this Salt a Frying-pan (which ought to be new) is most proper be∣cause of its flatness: and if you use ℥iv. of S. V. and ℥iv. of Oil of Vitriol, you will have ℥x. of the Salt of Mars: which proportion Ex∣perience has convinced us of, is more agreeable with Rea∣son, than that of Riverius.

§ 30. This Salt also is more agreeable with the Sto∣mach, than that made with Vinegar, and is indeed more subtil and efficacious, for that nothing but the more soluble parts of the Iron, incorpo∣rates with the Menstruum, to make a Salt of: It is also pre∣ferrable before the Vitriol of Mars made with the Oils of Vitriol or Sulphur: and if it be put into a cold moist place, upon a Plate of Glass, it will melt per Deliquium, which is Liquor vel Liqua∣men Martis, by some (but improperly) called Oil of Mars.

§ 31. Charras makes his Vi∣triolum Martis exactly ac∣cording to Le Febure, so al∣so does Lemery, but with li∣mited proportions of the In∣gredients thus:

§ 32. ℞ Clean filings of Iron lbj. put them into a large Matrass, and affuse theron fair warm Water lbiv. and of good Oil or Spirit of Vitriol lbij. stir them mell together, and set the Matrass in a gentle Sand-heat, and digest twenty four hours, in which time the purest part of the Mars will be dissolved, decant the clear Liquor, casting away the Earthy parts which remain at bottom; filterate and evaporate in a Glass Cucurbit, to a Pellicle, over a Sand-heat, then set it in a cool place to crystallize, so will you have green Cry∣stals: decant the Liquor, eva∣porate again to a Pellicle, and crystallize as before, which work repeat till you have got all the Crystals, then dry them, and keep them in a Bottle close stopt for use.

§ 33. Where note, That if Water should not be add∣ed, there would want moi∣sture to separate the pure parts of the Mars from the

Impure, so that the Oil of Vitriol would not be able to dissolve the Mars, but only to incorporate with it: now in the dissolution of the Li∣quor it heats and boils consi∣derably, because the Acidity of the Vitriol does violently pe∣netrate the body of the Mars, making a separation of its parts.

§ 34. This Vitriol being calcin'd in a Crucible in an open fire, till it is reduced to a very fine red Pouder, makes a very beautiful Crocus Mar∣tis which is properly that part of the Steel which the Spirit of Vitriol has dissol∣ved: this Lemery will have to be used like an Aperitive Crocus.

§ 35. This Vitriol of Mars, may also be distilled by a Retort in the same manner as ordinary Vitriol; and the Spirit drawn from it, is said to have the same Vertues with ordinary Spirit of Vi∣triol (but some question, whe∣ther full out so strong) and may be made use of for the dissolution of Iron; after which you have the Caput Mortuum at bottom, which is the true Crocus Martis.