A most excellent and compendious method of curing woundes in the head, and in other partes of the body with other precepts of the same arte, practised and written by that famous man Franciscus Arceus, Doctor in phisicke & chirurgery: and translated into English by Iohn Read, chirurgion. Whereunto is added the exact cure of the caruncle, neuer before set foorth in the English toung. With a treatise of the fistulae in the fundament, and other places of the body, translated out of Iohannes Ardern. And also the description of the emplaister called dia chalciteos, with his vse and vertues. With an apt table for the better finding of the perticular matters, contayned in this present worke.

The tvvo bookes of Fran∣ciscus Arceus, Doctor of Phisicke and Surgerie, concer∣ning the right order of curing or wounds, and of other precepts of the same Arte.

WHere as by long and continuall practise of cu∣ring, I haue through the beneficiall goodnesse of almightie God, attained vnto the know∣ledge of many and singular thinges, in both partes of Phisicke. I haue therefore determi∣ned with my selfe for the profite of the pub∣lique vtilitie, to set foorth in writing both mine owne know∣ledge in curing, and also certayne most excellent remedies in either kinde, and adding therevnto, the cures of certaine dis∣cases, as also of wounds and vlcers, which in the auncient bookes of Phisitions were either vtterlie, forgotten, or hither∣to wanted. Our bookes therefore doe containe, besids all sorts of greene woundes, both newe and olde vlcers, and the same which commonlie are alled Fistula•…•…, or continuall running sores in the brest, the meane of the which cures being nowe in vre, doth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the patientes oftentimes into p••isickes, & many times also to consumptions, and also to feeblenesse of body. Of the which Fistulae••s we will (God being car guid) set foorth in this present worke, a certaine and most whole∣some order of cu••ing, and will doe the like also in our other workes, which we trust shalbe allowable through the cures of many diseases hitherto omitted, and nowe set foorth in the same. But this order shall bee obserued of vs, that we will shewe from the heade to the feete, both which is the briefest meane or way in curing euerie member, and what remedies are most agreable for all kinde of woundes.

¶ Of the woundes in the head which happenth as well by incision as by contusion, which neuerthe∣lesse haue not perced beyond Pericraniū or Almo∣crati Cap. 1.

OF those auctors which in our time haue set foorth the order of curing wounds, none in my iudgement surelie hath written either better or more largelie therin thē Iohn Vi∣go, both whose learning and arte although we especially allowe, yet notwithstanding, as much as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be by deligent study and long practise, (God giueing vs leaue) we will endeuour to a•• vnto his & other mens inuentions, many things, which may more brieflie & more certeinlie be brought to passe and dispatched. Therfore as the respect or cause of the wounds in the head are diuers and of sundry sortes, so are they also to be cured by dyuers & sūdrie meanes or waies, for ther are some sorts of thē are made by incision or weapons ordained to cut, as w^t sword dagger, hartchet, knife or such like. Another sort of the same are made by contusion, which chaunce either by club, mallet, stone, or bat, or finally, by some other chaunce, as by fall, or such like: a•• which sorts generallie we ca•• cōtusiō, or brusing. Of these kind of woūds some are greater & some are lesser, and they are knowne one after one forme & maner, and an∣other after another sort, all which kinde of woūds notwith∣standing, haue not passed beyond Perieranium, and to the cu∣ring of these kindes of wounds there are wont for the most part, commonlie to be sent for, either barbors or vnlearned chirurgions. To whom these especiallie is a common rule in a maner vnto them all, that all wounds made in the head, they open and make manifest, (and that I may vse their owne tearme) by an incision in the forme of a crosse, and so vncouer the scull, and then after binde vp the wound) which ther themselues made) with ••owe and lint s••eepid in

the whites of eggs, as if the bones of the head were •…•…u∣red or cut. But the cause of theyr errour is a certaine com∣mon rule among them, I hauing no certaine or notable au∣thour for the same, whereby they affirme that all wounds in the head ought to be opened and made manifest, that at the seconde opening, 〈…〉〈…〉 certainlie •…•…wen whe∣ther anie bone of the head be •…•…acti••ed or ••ut. By which their error, m•…•… discommedities do happen to them which are so wounded. For 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 néeded w•…•…w, that the cure of them is more st••ictelie done, and •…•…otracted to longer time, for being done according to a•…•…, the •…•…bundes may be well cured within bili••or at the far d••s•• in tenn•…•… daies, although they were great in quantitie••, whereas otherwise these doe s••an•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their cure in ii. or iii. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 n••thos, of the which fault Galen doth reprooue. Thessalus. in Lib. 4. Meth. Meden. Furthermore, the wounde be••∣ing thus opened to the skull, they oftentimes cast the pa∣tient into great hazard of life: for of necessitie it comm••th, to pa•…•…e, that no small part of the head bone being corrup∣ted with the colde aire tainting the same, must be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from them that are cured in this order: the which bone els was neither fractured nor cut. For it must néedes bée that the superficiall part of currin•• bone of mans bodie, which the aire doth touch, be corrupted. And it happeneth oftentimes also that not onlie the superficiall parts but the whole bone it selfe according to the thicknes thereof is corrupted, besides that which was touched of the aire com∣ming to it. For besides the discommoditie of the aire; there noth accr••e also the discommoditie of their digestiues, and oyles of diuers sorts, which they••dd apply in great quan∣titie, whereas they are vtterly ignoraunt whether the wound be digested or not. For which cause we to helpe so great prolixitie and discommoditie, will adioyne that or∣der of euring which is allowed both of the best learned of the auncient Chirurgions, and also of those of our: time,

adding thereto a •…•…rtaine medicine to this daye sette foorth of no other 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose wonderfull vertue any man may make experience of.

And first to beginne, wée will discourse of simple woundes which are made or happpen by insicion, then afterwarde wee will also entreate of other kyndes of woundes.

That we may know•• therefore by certaine coniectures, whether the bone of the heade bée fractured or no, he who hath receyued the wounde is to be demaunded with what weapon hée was wounded, and whether assoone as hée had recceyued the same, hée fell not downe withall vnto the grounde, and also whether hée were not astonied in his minde. But if the wounde doe not pearse to the skull, first of all the haire about the wounde is to be shauen awaie, then the flesh to the flesh, and skinne to skin, is to be ioyned the one to the other as euen as may bée, and if this may bée done without the vse of the néedle, it shal∣be verie well so to doe. But if the wounde shalbe great in length, then eyther you must vse the néedle, or els the wounde is to be bounde vp with somewhat a long thred, so that the co•…•…enencie and situation of the place doe suffer the same: and that may be done or accomplished, if the brimmes of the wounde be committed most euenly together. And surely this kinde of binding in all sorttes of woundes (if it may conuenientlie bée vsed) is best allowed, for the brimmes and partes of the fleshe being seperated, doe by those meanes close best together. When this is done, if the wounde bée somewhat great, there is then to be left in the lower parte of the wounde an Ori∣fice, wherein is to be put a fi•…•…e linnen cloth dipped in the white of an egge, with your probe or proouer, laying vpon also, double linnen clothes dipped in the white of an Egge.

Then bind vp the woūd orderlie not with to •…•…ny clothes, and so let it remaine vntil the next day. Neither is it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the safegard of the pacient that his dressing or opening should be deferred vntil the third day, as many vnskillfulie vse to doe, but at the second opening there néedeth neither anie di∣gestiues nor yet of oyle of Roses, which are wont commonlie to be vsed, for we haue proued by dailie experience and cer∣teine obseruacions, that such thinges doe rather harme then good, and we doe thinke that the vse of such digestiues to ••e superflo••ous, not onelie in these, but also in all other kinde of wounds: wherefore by this meane following ye shall finde a sure way of curing. Let there be prepared in rediues that emplaister which is set forth of Vigo in his Antidotarie, whose descripcion is as folowith.

• ...Rec. Olei Rosati omphacini & completi. Ana ℥.ij.
• ...Olei Masticini. Ana. ℥.j.
• ...Olei Mirtini. Ana. ℥.j.
• ...Pinguedinis hircini. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Succi Betonicae. ℥.j.

Let them all boyle together to the consuming of the ioyse, then let them be strained, after adding there to

• ...Masticis. ʒ.x.
• ...Gūmi Elemij. ʒ.vj.
• ...Terebinthinae. ℥.ij.ss.
• ...Cerae Albae. q.s.

Then let them againe boyle at the fire a little, •• according to arte make héereof an emplaister, and beside this also the vse of a certaine liaiment inuented by vs, shallbe very •…•…d∣full, the vertue whereof is such, that it doth concocte, digest, mundifie & incarnate, whose most certaine vse in all dan∣gerous cases neuer •…•…ited me, and besides, as many as made proofe of the same, hath giuen it most iustly the name of a balme, whose descripcion is as foloweth.

• ...Rec. Terebinthinae Clarae. Ana. ʒ.j.
• ...Emplastri gūmi Elemij. Ana. ʒ.j.
• ...Pinguedinis castrati, ℥.ij.
• ...Pinguedinis porcinae antique. ℥.j.

Let them be melted at the fire and make thereof a lini∣ment, and as often as néede shall require being liquified at the fire, the wound is tenderly to be anointed with the top of a Hens fether, and after that the emplaister before men∣cioned is to be layed on the whole woūd without any lints. Then the daye folowing thou shalt finde competent matter concocted, & sufficiently enough digested. But if after y^e first day you shall finde larger store of corruption, it shalbe con∣uenient that the wound be drest twise in the daie, neither can the force of this liniment be sufficiently cōmended, for besides that it procureth sufficient good matter, it also suffe∣reth not the partes whereunto it is applied, either to be im∣postumed, or inflamed, more then the course of nature and medicine requireth, neither doth it suffer the wounded parte in any other place to open or chaune, which thing doth of∣tentimes happen also in smaller wounds, which manner accidents for the most part are hardlier cured then y^e woūd it selfe, and moreouer, by the vertue of this liniment the pa∣cients féele very smal griefe, and by these meanes the cure is finished a great deale sooner and better then by any other meanes now set foorth.

But the wounds which shall happen to be made with stone, clubbe, or fall, which woūds we call contused, and yet the bone not fractured we wil cure in this order. First let the wound be washed with Aqua vite, or wine decoct w^t Myrre, francl•…•…cence, or Surcacolle, that by this meanes all y^e filth may be clensed away which was gathered either by y^e stone, or dust, or bloud concrete and congealed in the wound. The same locion also is auaileable to consound the flesh y^e sooner. The wound being thus made cleane, then are the parts so to be ioyned together as we haue before specified, which if they

séeme so to be rent or tor••e that they cannot be ioyned to¦gether, then ye must vse boulsters three square, or foure sauare, y^e same being dipped in the white of an egge, adding therevnto péeces of of linnen, such as we described before when we speake of woūds being made by incisiō. But if y^e parts of y^e woūds neither can by these •…•…ies be closed well together, then it shall be expedient to vse the néedle and thrid, and to stitch vp the woūd, lea••ning in y^e nether parte an or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wher¦throgh the excrements may be p•…•…ged, if y^• woūd be great. The next day after this, let the cure be handled in the same order as we haue taught you in the woūds made by •…•…∣sion, that is to say, the sides of the wound to be ••o••tly an•…•…n∣ted with that our balme, and the emplaister saye•• there on, for by these two remedies wounds are throughly brought to the ci••a•…•…ize. But in greater wounds being first arti∣ficiallie stitched, there is to be left an drifted in the lower part, into y^e which a fine linnē cloth may be put, which linnē cloth or flam••l•• must be put in both at the second dressing, and afterward in the rest, being diped in that our balme, but the emplaister which shall be put theron, is to be made cleane twise a day. Lastlie when the wound shalbe knowen to be well digested (but that shall not be knowen by the •…•…l∣thie corruption, but by the good matter comming forthe at the orifice) ther shal be no more néede to vse the linnen cloth or flāmula, but onely y^e emplaister being oftentimes clensed. But in those cōtusious in the which no wound doth appeare, besides the tumor and softnes of the flesh, nor yet shall ap∣peare any suspisiō of any bone broken. (But that thing is to be sought out by the signes afore rehearsed, and also by the iudgement of the diligent Surgion) it shalbe expedient that the cure be done in this order.

• ...Rec. Albumins vnius•…•….
• ...Olei Mirtini Ana. ℥.ss. miss••antur
• ...Pulueris Mirt••n Ana. ℥.ss. miss••antur

Spred these being wel beaten together vppon ••owe be∣ing

first wet in water and vineger and wro•…•…e out againe hard with thy hand, this towe with these fomentacions ap∣plyed to y^e grieued place, & the next day by gods help it shal do wel, but if y^u shalt iudge it not to be whole th••eughly, ap∣ply the same remedy againe, which being thrise applied, it will cure the contusion be it neuer so great.

¶ Annotations vpon the first Chapter.

1 Igitur vulnerum in capite:] Therefore of wounds in the head, whereas there be diuers natures and showes of those wounds which are made in y^e head, as which are take of some particuliar place therof & are gathered by the singes adherent: namelie by the paine, of the simptoma or accident, the distemperature, the inflamation, (as Galen in his third booke of the methode of curing doth more playnelie shewe) what caus••s are most vsual, and in the maner of curing chi∣fest. Such are set foorth by our aucthor wheras ••e made a diuisiō of the wounds that are giuen by any maner of wea∣pon, which duo consideracion of weapons is of Hipocrates so highly estéemed, that be thereby doth measure and estimate the wound. For those wounds saith he which are made with a sword or edge toole▪ doo either part▪ the flesh onelie, or riue the bone, also in such sorte as the hurt and place of the wound are oftentimes all one: but such weapons as are round, heauie, smoth and blou••, doe more presse downe, riue & crush the bone, wherefore he willeth vs in these kinde of hurtes, to be allwaies carefull, but in the former not so often.

2 Name secundum art m••] for according to arte.

Neither is it any meruaile for simple wounds are offred to be cured which ought so much the soner grow together, by how much the head is more drie and doth receaue into it the fewer superfluities from other members.

3 Acce•…•…t 〈…〉〈…〉] that abundance of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 gestures to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 heere•…•…

What great 〈◊〉〈◊〉 y^• patients •…•…ce•…•… by the•…•… ••mo•…•… ••f oyles, no 〈…〉〈…〉, they make the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fresh 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they ••word ••he cure, and cast the 〈…〉〈…〉 into diuers daungers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wil 〈◊〉〈◊〉 things the to be auoy∣ded, not onely in the vlcers of the head, but also in all other partes. For wounds are not cured before they wax drye, as writeth Hippocrates in his booke that is of vices.

4 Igitur an os fractum sit] therfore whether the bone be broken or not. These things are rea•• at large in Hippo∣crates in his booke that is of wounds, and in Galen in his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 booke called Therape•…•…es, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Aegine••d and in Celsus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 booke to where I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the reader.

5 Quod ••i] 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

If y^e woūd ta•…•… either by stro•…•… or by cut, be of such great∣nesse is the 〈…〉〈…〉 cannot be conioyned or brought together by •…•…gature, Galen in the third of his method teacheth, ••he 〈…〉〈…〉 of that wound to be adioyned by sowing or 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

6 Exte•…•… Imo-a•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉] of the flax with the white of an egge: Common p••a•…•…e hath so preuailed, that to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 greene wounds the white of an egge somtime beaten toge∣ther sayde vppon a 〈…〉〈…〉 is applied, & not 〈…〉〈…〉 good cause, for as •…•…th as it suppresseth the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of blu••, astwa∣geth paine; abaceth the heate and •…•…reth no inflamatiōs to rise, as witnesseth Galen in his second booke de Simplic•…•… medicamentorum facu••tatibus; of the verues of simple me∣dicines.

7 In secunda curatione] in the second dressing.

There is no •…•…de of oyle of roses, because without any other at accident the •…•…tion of vnitie is simple: But yet wher either paine or inflamation is feared, or to be doubted, it is wont to be ••fed, as Paulus sayth in his •…•…ii. booke and Galen in his second, doth a•…•…e the oyle of Roses with the Rose:

8 Omnia gener••] all kindes of sword•• digestiues.

That is to say, we refuse the yolke of an egge, Turpen∣tine and oyle of Roses, whereof we s••ake, last, the yolke maketh the vlcer continuall and filthie, and is not Ro∣s•…•… refused of Hippocrates (in his booke of Articles) where any vlcer is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Further, this generall kinde of mingled em∣plaisters in in Galen, and hath force to co•…•…ct, make rotten, to 〈◊〉〈◊〉. and to make 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or matten.

9 Lenimenti cuiusdam] of a, certaine lenimente.

This Leniment inuented by the aucthor, is most singu∣lar, and chiefely in that wound which hath in it any contusiō, paine, or inflamacion. For swin••s f••tte doth appease, the paine, and because of his oldnes or being, it is putrified, it hath by that meanes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 singular vertue abst••rsi••s.

10 Primum Aqua vitiae] first with Aqua vitae.

After this sort Arnoldus doth most spedelie make whole or cure, fresh, bloude, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wounds, washing them first with Aqua vitae.

11 Ca•…•…tionem hoc •…•…do] the ••ure this maner.

There be many indications to be obserued in a contusion, (as saith Galen in his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 booke of the method of curing) & the chiefest among them is to ass•…•…age paine, & to strengthē or comfort the hurt m•…•…ther, least there followe a flux, wherevppon it is vsed & obserued in cōmon practise, to applie the white of an egge with My••tilles, so saith Lanfraneus & Razis, but they do first infuse or perfuse it ••o, oyle of Roses.

Of contusion with fracture of the bone, without any apparant wound. Cap. 2.

IF thou shalt thinke or iudge the skull to be fractured without any apparant wound, thy iudgement is taken by the falling downe of y^• man, & by the trenble of his minde, or cō∣sequent, vomiting, & sometime by the dim∣nesse of his eyes, sometime also by cōsidering

the staffe or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or such like 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wherewith the 〈…〉〈…〉 was stri•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 ••uring the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the pl•…•…e from whence the we•…•… was throwne, by the 〈…〉〈…〉 wrath of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈…〉〈…〉 the hurt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he that striketh his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being through•…•…e moued 〈…〉〈…〉 with 〈…〉〈…〉 and stranger 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by these and such like animaduer••tous, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, knowne whether the skull be 〈…〉〈…〉. The which thing Al••ce•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…eheth Fen: 5. Tractatum 3. et. i•• fracturae cranij. For oftentimes it happeneth (saith he) that the skull is fractured and the skin whole: yea and that the flesh is impos•…•… and swolen and the skin also which is vppon the skull, and this example of iudgement was giuen by them in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like case, which com•…•…eth now to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 re∣membra•…•…ce, and this it was. Two men falling out the one with the other in abru•…•… the one was stro•…•… of the other with a stone but he which received the bl••w, had armed his head with a stéele cap, who notwithstanding being a••ha••sed with the blo••elice of the •…•…w, fell downe forth with ••o the ground, & being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like•• by he to vomiting, by these con•…•…es and by the beholding of the stéele cappe, (being somwhat brused 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his head) I iudged the skull to be frac∣tured. When I had then opened the place, I did facion the incision according to the contusion. The next day I p•…•…ced the skull with the trepan, although y^e rift in the bone scan•• appered a haire br•…•…th & very little. But I found a great deale of congeled bloud & meruailous foule, which was falen downe vpon Dura mater. By y^e meanes therfore & in that order, he was in shorte time cured & perfectly healed, as we shal put downe in the chapter folowing, without any great ••raunce or s•…•…ne passion or other accedents troubling him.

The Annotation of the second Chapter.

It is holdē for a great question among y^e learnedst Surgi∣ons, whether it be possible that the skull may be broken and no solution of continuite in the skinne appearing. Celsus and Paulus opinion is, that it must appeare in y^e skin if the bone be cut. Notwithstanding, Hippocrates, séemes to be of another opinion in his booke which Iacobus Petusi∣••as••on, affirmeth, by argumentes drawne from nature it fulse. Search further, Viduis Vidus a Florentine, which hath written a Coment vppon the same. booke.

¶ Of the fracture of the skull Chapter. 3.

THe vnlearned and unskilfull Chirurgions (whereof here in England haue no lack) doe oftentimes notwithout great daunger of the pacient, offend the fracture of the skull for lacke of knowledge in the arte, and for want of iudgement, whiles they do no∣thing consider of the fracture of the bones, and doe neglect to serch out throughlie whether any thing be hurt or perish∣ed in the right Mirabile, or any of the other pannicles or compactions of the braine, for the partes of the liuer or innermost bone (which men call Vitrea tabula) oftentimes happeneth to be cut in sunder, shiuered, dashed, & broken in péeces, and moued out of their places, and that fault is found more oftener in the inner Table, then in the vp∣per. Which thinges first most grieuous panges and griefes, and after death it selfe doth ensue.

But ther are verie many to whom it is a verie light mat∣ter wher no suspicion nor any kind of fracture is to moue them, doth open y^e head with incision, whē a man may iust∣ly suspect or mistrust certaine fractures, then they open no∣thing at all. The cause of these thinges is ignorance of the art, the necligence to vnderstand, and the eschewing of la∣bour and trauaill in considering of thinges.

〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉 out. But although there be nothing fractured without yet it is not to be doubted, but that something hath béene bru∣sed within, as the fracture of some veine hath followed the same bruse, out of which veine the brused blo••d being shed and congeled, is p•…•…triffed and turned into impostumation and matter, for the which when there is no place open to purge and issue foorth, it commeth to posse the pannicles enuironing the braine, yea and the brayne it selfe is infla∣med and corrupted, & of this thing manifest signes shortlie after doe appeare, which being come, then is the partie, cast away. It may be also that although the veines be not frac∣tured, yet by reason of the vehement bruse, stripe or greefe receiued, much bloud within the veines themselves may bée drawen foorth and stirred vp, and therefore an infla∣mation of the place and corruption also may insue. In all these cures therefore the cure may bée donne by no other meanes better then by the trepan, for when the skull is once opened by the trepan, and that the pannicles may be perceiued, although the place be inflamed and fastered, yet for the most part it happeneth, the wound to be cured and healed, and the same bloud so congeled by the corruption or concussion of the bone, is disceuered and wipte away. Therefore in such mishappe this thing is to be foreséene especially, that the wounde be opened, and the place clen∣sed, and with towe soupled, and dipped in the white of an egge, and so to be made vp. Then from the next day after, vntill the seuenth, this sirupe ensuing, is to be ministred to the patient, the vse whereof shall supplie the right office of a conuenient purgation. For wée haue founde by good experience, that other purgations greatly to hurt those that are in this case.

• ...Rec. Sirupi. Rosarū. ℥ij.
• ...Aqua Plantaginis. ℥iij. Misseto.

And so long must they vse this diet exquisitelie, vn∣till you perceiue they haue néede of flesh meate. The next

day, that is to say, the next after the first dressing, at the se∣•…•…de opening, it is to be dressed with our Balme, and a plaister of Gummi Elemij, laide thereon, and so to be ar∣ti•…•…ially bounde vp againe. But the third daye ye must vse the trepan to open the skull, the ••se and reason of which instrument shalbe declared of vs in his conuenient place, But the skull must be opened from the lower part of the wounde with the trepan, and presently as soone as the bone shalbe opened with the same spoone which shalbe in the Surgions case, ye shall applie vpon the pannicles of Oleum Rosarum, Lactis Mulieris, et Mellis Rosarum, ana partes equalis. Being warmed at the flame of a Can∣dell in your foresaide spoone, assoone as this is done, put be∣twéene the bone and the pannicles of the braine, a rounde péece of stike which the Spaniards call Sendall, that the pannicles of the braine be not hurt by pulsation or bea∣ting against the bone, being ragged by meanes of the frac∣ture. Thē handsomelie make vp your wounde with Lints, ••n••dynting she bone with that our Balme, being liqui∣shed at the •…•…er, then fill your wounde with your foresaide Lintes, not with too hard depression, and so finish your dressing with an emplaister of Gummi Elemij, or de Mi∣nio laide thereon.

In this order the patient being dressed, the next day af∣ter the matter or corruption of the wound being verie well and commodiously gathered together and putrified, is easley confected, whereof I thinke we shall not néede to vse those digestions, neither to these nor yet to anie other woundes, which are cōmonly of the yolke of an egge, oyle of Roses & Turpentine, neither to anoint the head with oile of Roses, neither any other mēber that is wounded, for by this our Balme the corruption is soonest brought to perfection, and the place not inflamed, & I can easily witnes y^t I haue lōg vsed this order of healing which I haue declared, & neuer repented me thereof in most daungerous wounds, whether the pānicles of the braine were corrupted, or some part of y^e

braine it self perished, and as far, I can iudge 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vsed of those digestiues and anointings to, are wont to be the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the cures of such wounds are prolonged to the second and third moneth: for the wounds are corrupted and pu•…•…∣sted more then néedes, y^e complexion is made the worse, the member weakened, which happenest otherwise, if the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be done in that order which I haue declared. For by this meanes the time of healing doth seldom 〈…〉〈…〉 moneth, and the bones (if any are to be drawre foorth) the xxv. day or before, are loosed, according to y^e quantitie of the fracture, for if the fracture be the larger or greater, then are they drawen foorth the s•…•…er.

¶ The Annotation of the third Chapter.

The breaking of the skull, is a deuision of the same wher∣of there be so many differences as foloweth, a riuing or rifting, a cutting out, an expression, or a depress••re, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 infants called a contusion, or a brusing. Galen addeth héerevnto a diuersitie of seperations, called Cameratio, this fracture should be (if it be manifest) thus prooued, with a smal knife or other apt instrument, wrought or cut out, vntill the rift no more appeareth, but if we should beléeue, or folow Hippocrates in this cause, we should procede further, as to marke, or coulour the skull with incke, and the next day to wipe it or fret the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 away, as it was his accustomed manner, it is not out purpose, to deliuer the whole cir∣cumstances of euerie thing y^• appertayneth vnto this mat∣ter, but to shew or direct you▪ in what place ye may finde them.

Et si nihil omnino rup•…•… fuerit] and if there be nothing torne, I know not by what meanes we found at Antwerp in this yéere, y^• verie many perished by certain, abundance of ••f bloud issuing foorth of the veines, by shaking or disturbing the braine, or the pannicles, without hurt appearing in the

skull, which will 〈◊〉〈◊〉 much the more perrilous and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, for that those people so gréeued, did not fall into the accustomed apparent afflictions and accedents that are wont to appeare in those cases. For séeing that neither in the vii day, nor at the farthest on the xiiii. day, this mis∣chiefe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vew••a•…•… it selfe by the Simptoms or singes describe•…•… Hippocrates, those people •…•…rt began on those daies to amend, not to be greiued with any feuer, neither did vomit, but on the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 day, and the xx. day, yea and that is more to be wond••ed at, on the xxv day, these singes did then appeare, and the parties all died. Vppon this matter reade Celsus, and Vigo, uppon this proper chapter.

Illud igitur] that therefore.

Our worke in chirurgery we thus beginne.

We first shaue the place, to the same wound, we make way by two incisions, parting them selues, to two straight corners, as we tearme it Transeue••sim, which Paulus des∣scribeth by the forme of this gréeke letter X.

S•…•…pis oui albo maceratis] with pleagants dipt in the white of an egge. Paulus Aegineta ministereth posca which is water and vineger boyld together, and applieth to the place wine mixed with oyle of Roses.

Iam diu exquifita dietae] now vsing a verie spare diet.

I say a diet that res•…•…eth inflamation which the aunci∣ent writers tearme a feuer.

Tercia die] the third day.

Hippocrates warneth that it shuld not be deferred vntil y^e third day, especially if the cōstitucion of the aire be enclined to heat. And Galen in his second booke de officina medici, would haue the order before perscribed to be vsed the second day, vnlesse any n••w accident thaunce in y^e meane while.

Statē vbi 〈…〉〈…〉] 〈…〉〈…〉 when the bone is discouered. And rightly 〈…〉〈…〉 presently, for that the membrane must be out of h•…•… clensed & dried. Vnlesse the

same moistning waxe •…•…ll a•…•… be 〈…〉〈…〉 fall out, it is to be fear•…•… the 〈…〉〈…〉.

Oleum Ros•…•…] oyle of Roses.

It is manifest that Galen did vse 〈…〉〈…〉 where 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is discouered, 〈…〉〈…〉 inflamation, but to auoi•…•… paine. In his second 〈…〉〈…〉 thinke him worthie of great obseruation, for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 com∣mandeth Pigions bloud warme•• to be ministred to the place. Whom Appol•…•… following, willseth the same blood to be taken out of the wing of a Pigeon.

Of the vse of the Trepan or Percer. Cap 4.

THe third day after the wound is made, it shal∣be expedient to vse the office of the Trepan or Percer, the Trepan is of two sortes, one male, and the other female, which the gre••kes call Abaption. First of all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the male Trepan is to be placed vpon the skull along by the lowest part of the wounde, so that it touch no part of any •…•…ssing of the wounde. This Trepan being al∣waies set as it wer by euen counserpoyze, we must turne it rounde still vntill it hath perced the bone so much as the thicknesse of a Spanish Royall of ii.s. and somewhat more.

The T repan male hath a double edged •…•…gue in the middle, which they call Nepsula, and dosth perce in the man∣ner of a •…•…th•…•… d•…•… or square boarer. And the same doth fashion a Center in the bone, and the circumference of the Trepan doth set foorth the circle in the bone.

There is nothing in the middle of the female Trepan, whose circumference notwithstanding must be like the male Trepan. This 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being plac••d by e•…•…all poyze. We 〈…〉〈…〉 turne it round 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 gently vntill the Vpper cable be cut through 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 while as occassion shall serue, the small péeces of the bones that be cut

off, 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…ple 〈…〉〈…〉.

Iust like wise we must 〈…〉〈…〉 into the lower ta∣ble, but before the Trepan doth parte through, the left hānd which holdeth the Trepan, into be ••owned •…•…ward some part of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 described; 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…the the whole bone may 〈…〉〈…〉 and that 〈…〉〈…〉 no fa••der.

〈…〉〈…〉 instrument which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 séeme méete for the purpose, is to be taken, that the same whole circle so appoin∣ted fo••rth and cut off•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 drawen foorth without anie hurt d•…•…ing to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the brayne.

After all this we vse Instrumentūm Lenti••olare, being somew 〈◊〉〈◊〉 armed at the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of a Candle, and doe scale 〈◊〉〈◊〉 about 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the small and sharpe péeces of the 〈…〉〈…〉 mooued with •…•…in••all puls••tion, anie thing should bée perished with those sharpe péeces of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

But let the place be prepared and dressed with red San∣da••l and the liquid, of Balsam•…•…, as we have taught you al∣••e•…•…die, be applied.

But when the 〈…〉〈…〉 in the bones shalbe great, so that the skull 〈◊〉〈◊〉 together, ye shall not néede to vse the Trepan, but the bones are to be reduced into their naturall place. For I haue séene manie in this case being to •…•…taken in h•…•…d of the Surgions with the Trepan and alenatories a•…•…r named, to haue sped verie euill.

For whereas the operation or cure cannot bée donne without great depression•• of the bones, for it commeth to passe that the pannicles eft•…•…nes are broken, and the braine also perished.

And furthermore whereas also the bones are not pluckt foorth by them, but are suffered to putrifie vntill they come foorth of their owne accord, the patient are cast into the dan∣ger of death. Therefore the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are to be reduced into their owne place as artificially as may bée, and of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bones some part is to be pluckt foorth, that there may

be some orifice into the 〈…〉〈…〉 be perished 〈…〉〈…〉 should want a place 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wherby the 〈…〉〈…〉 purge themselves and so be cured.

Neither must 〈…〉〈…〉 pluckt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that are broken, for so 〈…〉〈…〉 doth much anoy, 〈…〉〈…〉 a∣bout within 〈…〉〈…〉.

But we must consider deligentlie and peruse throughly, least any part of the inner Table •…•…wardlie vnw•…•…es to vs either brokē or brused dounely ••at or vppon Du•…•…, ma∣ter, (as they call it,) for we haue perceived 〈…〉〈…〉 that a greater part of the bone is •…•…ored and broken 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in then without: as it often th•…•…neth in 〈…〉〈…〉 that are broken. And it hath diuers times happened vnto my selfe, that I haue founde a greater part of the bone re∣mooued within, then I could plucke foorth of the orifice of the wounde, which thing when it happeneth, I hane accu∣stomed gentlie to breake the bone with instrument•…•…, and (being doubled ••nto manie 〈◊〉〈◊〉) so to phick them foorth.

We must therefore diligently peruse, whether it bée néede k•…•… for anie part of the bone to be pluckt foorth, which, except thou pluck out, it must néedes hée that the panni∣cles being brused with continuall beating are broken, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this thing is easilie knowen, if a man do•• looke diligently into his busines. For the pannicles being more bounde in and p••nd vp then they should bee and distant from the•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more then inconuenient, doe appeare. Therefore the bo•…•… being reduced into their place, & those things being pluck•• foorth which are néedefull to be drawen•…•…. If anie aspe∣rite be left, at the which dura mater with her continuall la∣bouring may be hurt, it shalbe necessarie for the same as∣perite to be taken away with that lenticular instrument. But the next ••ay following after the bones shalbe correc∣ted and pluckt foorth, if the colour of Dura mater shal second

to 〈…〉〈…〉 Mel Rosarum (of the which we 〈…〉〈…〉) 〈◊〉〈◊〉 onelie that Sur∣gions 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mell) Rosarum at the flame of a Can∣•…•…, 〈…〉〈…〉 Dura mater and the 〈…〉〈…〉 thing in •…•…itable, both that all matter with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 putri•…•…, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 purged the better, and that Dura mater by 〈…〉〈…〉 be not hurt.

For by this M••l Rosarum Dura mater is most easilie maund•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 if 〈…〉〈…〉 do•• beel•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 lea•…•… by the contu•…•…, but which the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mack••nes shall begunne 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…uerted 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to a better 〈◊〉〈◊〉, in st•…•… of Mell Rosarum, 〈…〉〈…〉 ye shall use this •…•…guent which I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by 〈…〉〈…〉 to be more excel∣lent a more present 〈…〉〈…〉 which are 〈…〉〈…〉 Vigo.

• ...Rec. Sirupi Rosarum per infusione. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Florum •• follow•…•… hyp•…•…ti.
• ...Florum Rorisimarini.
• ...Grani▪ ana palulum.
• ...Terebinthinae •…•…ire. ℥ij.
• ...Vini odoriferi. ℥ij.
• ...Olei Omphasini. lib.ij.
• ...Croci, Parum.

Let them boyle together to the consuming of the wine, then let 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he strained, we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the oyle Omphacine both for the •…•…cellencie of the liquor, and also to delay griefe 〈…〉〈…〉 although the aucthor himselfe hath let passe this manner of oyle, yet do we commend it as not to be let passe, we doe adde also of a •…•…ne diuise sa•…•…torne to y^e flowers while•• they are in boyling, for by this vnguente, all the pannicles of the blaine are •…•…nt to be restored fully be∣fore the fortenth day.

But in the 〈…〉〈…〉 with y^e 〈…〉〈…〉 in the wound, 〈…〉〈…〉 the bones•• (which 〈…〉〈…〉) are to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 foorth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 which time they 〈…〉〈…〉 place to the 〈…〉〈…〉 little. Th•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 much. 〈…〉〈…〉 it dri•…•… foorth the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into the 〈…〉〈…〉 within the 〈…〉〈…〉 for the 〈…〉〈…〉 of the wound 〈…〉〈…〉 also added very 〈…〉〈…〉 to the flesh, and kéepeth 〈…〉〈…〉 shall 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣ture. And by these 〈…〉〈…〉 the wound•• 〈…〉〈…〉 to be opened 〈…〉〈…〉 all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be 〈…〉〈…〉 which being done, it shalbe lawfull for the 〈…〉〈…〉 out of his bed, after the which time he is to be dressed twise euery day.

But of our Balme digestiue, this is the description.

• ...Rec. Gummi Elemij. Ana. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Trebinthinae abi••tinae Ana. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Sepi castrati antiqui ℥.ij.
• ...Et liquefacti. ℥.ij.
• ...Pinguedinis porcine antiquae lique factae. ℥.j.
• ...Miss•• et fiat linimentum s.A.

With hal••e an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of thi•• Balme, (although the bound be neuer so gre•…•…) it may be cured. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of is in this sort, (the wound being hand so•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 clea•…•… and those thinges before prescribed 〈…〉〈…〉 to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉) thou shalt melt thi•• Balme at the •…•…e an some conuenient vessell (but not to hot for hurting the patient) and with a Hena •…•…ther anoint gentlie all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the wound, with the brimes, and the verie bone 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and when thou hast anointed it, fill the wound with dry

〈…〉〈…〉 and emplaister de gummi Elemij, 〈…〉〈…〉 may finde in the consi∣•…•…tor diffirencia. C.j. For 〈…〉〈…〉 by long vse found out this kinde of emplaister to be most fit for the curing of wounds in 〈◊〉〈◊〉. And this is the d•…•…ipeion of the same.

• ...Rec. Gummi Elemij. ℥.iij.
• ...Resinae 〈…〉〈…〉. Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Gummi Ha•…•…moniaci. Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Gummi Hed•…•…. Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...C•…•…ae. Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Terebinthinae ℥iij.ss.
• ...Olei Rosarum. ℥j.ss.

Let the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••oyle together, except the Gūme Armoniack, with one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a halfe of odoriferas wine, vnto the consu∣ming theroef, adding in the ende the Armoniack, desolued in vineger, and your Gum Hedere finely poudered, and being sufficienfly Boyled, let it be wrought in wine and Aqua vi∣vitae, and so ••ade vp. in colles. Of no lesse vse also I haue by often exprience proued that emplaister to be, the descrip∣tion whereof thou maist finde in Iohn Vigo, in the chapter of the Francture of the skul, the which he giueth to name Em∣plaistiū Betonice. This emplaister is likewise most profita∣ble to the same thing, which Alcelinus de Ianos, gaue to the Surgiōs of ••arcino, the descripcion whereof is in this order.

• ...Rec. Terebinthinae clare. lib.j.ss.
• ...Cere albae. ℥.v.
• ...Resine pinae. ℥.vj.ss.

Make hereof an Emplaister according to arte, which be∣ing done, let it 〈…〉〈…〉 white vineger, in the which it must be in•…•…ed the space of sixe dayes, adding therto, two pares of the ioyse of Betony, and one parte of the ioyse of 〈…〉〈…〉, so le•…•…g it lye vntil it be throughly stéeped. Thē

let it be melted 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣ger and other 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣ten agains and 〈…〉〈…〉 milke, 〈…〉〈…〉 made vp and reser•…•…ed.

There in no greater vse 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all the 〈…〉〈…〉 of this emplaister, of the which I neuer as yet repented my selfe. Therefore 〈…〉〈…〉 now be re∣stored, there shalbe. no 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the vse of the same liquor, which I haue described after this anis more, but the pan∣nicles and also the wounde it selfe is to be anoynted gent∣lie with a fether di••ped in the saide ba•…•…e, vntill the whole bone be couered ouer with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, (for the force of this me∣dicine is a most present and sure 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Or this purpose) but these lintes and tow are somewhat gentlie and ten∣derlie to be laids on the wounde, least the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 harde de∣pressure of the same, the growing and com•…•… together of the wounde be hindered by the same. Neither doth the growing ouer of the st•…•…, hinder anie whit at all whereby the corrupted bones (if any be) should be 〈…〉〈…〉 in time. But the conuenient time for this purpose is the xxiiii. or xxv. day, yet in some before this time also they doe come foorth, but when the wounde is great, and the place boared through with the trepan, for the most parte the bones are expulsed the xxv. day. Neither ought we to enterpret these things which we haue spoken of the plucking foorth of bones in such sort, that we shoulde thinke that the •…•…es will come and breake foorth of their owne accorde, as the most parte of vnlearned Surgions doe, but it is néedefull they be drawen foorth of the Artist with that instrument of Iron which commonlie is called pes caprinus, that is the Goates foot••, for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thou hast taken this in the hande, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 strained it a little; pres•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 place, and follow. But if at the first time it doth take none effect the day following the matter will as easilie be dispatched. Therefore we must take héede that the 〈…〉〈…〉

foorth in due time and season, and when they are once dra∣wen foorth, then may the patient rise out of his bed with∣out daunger, after these thinges againe in healing the wound it shalbe expedient to vse exciccacions casting on the pouder of Allom burnt, and lints layd thereon, and theron some emplaister, neither the vse of this pouder ought to be common, but must vse it seldom, and by this meanes within the space of xxx. daies, woundes are cured with no great trouble of the pacient, nor busines to the Surgion.

¶ Annotacion of the fourth Chapter.

A Trepan hath bene knowē vnto the auncient writers, and as I remember, the same hath béene twise mencioned by Hippocrates, in his booke of weundes of the heade. The vse whereof, to them of olde time hath béene thought verie perrilous: wherevppon Galen alloweth rather of a small incision knife, which being wariely directed through the hollow seales, safely cōmeth to the taking away of the bone. The same excision being gentlie & leysurely done, is great∣ly commended of Galen. Sée further in Aegineta in that proper Chapter.

You must note that the vse of this instrument is verie star••ge and vnméete, where bones be vehementlie and throughlie broken, or where by themselues they be weake or broosed. Hippocrates excepteth alwaies childrens bones, which be not a little•• weake and infirme.

Nocit enim] for it hurteth.

Most learnedlie hal•• this annor obserued that which Galen sayeth in the eight booke of the vse of parts, namelie, that broken bones are with all expedicion to be cut out, least they bring present detrement vnto the braine.

Postera autem die] Vppon the other day.

In this he followeth Paulus Aegineta. Héere is to be noted,

that if there appeare a voluntarie blackenesse, and that it continue so déepe in the wound that it reach vnto the bot∣tome, it betokeneth mortification of the naturall heate, and so consequently, no hope of health.

¶ Of woundes made in the head by incision. Cap. 5.

WHether the woundes in the heade, which hath also attained to the skull, be déepe, and inward, we easilie know by the length there∣of. For of the roundnesse of the head and of the place in the which the wound is, by sure coniecture and reason the depth is taken. Therefore if the wounde bée déepe and inward, it is to bée framed forthwith and fashioned, neyther shall it bée néede∣full to cut the head ouerth wart. But it shalbe sufficient to open the brimmes or Lippes so cut together, with Pericra∣nium on both sides, and to confirme it into the fashion of a Triangle, and the day following wée must beginne to cure the wound with that Balme, (as wée call it) being melted and warme, laying thereon an emplaister of Gum Elemij, but the thirde daye we must vse the Trepan, but the bones are to bée boared through from the inner parte, although there bée cause of suspition that all the panne bée cut, for out of that place all matter, corruption, and hurt∣full humours is purged. The place therefore being now opened, thou shalt cure the pannicles with Mell Rosarum together with the liniment (which they call Balme) to enduce the flesh, as we haue alreadie set soorth, For by this liniment Dura Mater is more mundified, and the flesh sooner induced. But the whole place that is cut, is to bée anoynted with a fether, that all places may bée searched, and mundified, neither is the vse of the Rasour instrument, which they call Legra vnprofitable and superfluous in these

woundes. For so great a portion of the pannicles being cut away by shauing and paring, would receiue hurtfull aire, and neither the pannicles themselues shoulde be so handsomelie made cleane, or gather so conuenient flesh ouer them, as the same is best done by the vse of the Tre∣pan. For the wounds being cured in this order, are most ea∣silie purged, and best couered with flesh. And doe cast foorth the bones, if any be to be drawen, in manner at the same time, as the broosed woundes doe. But if these woundes doe not in manner extend beyond the former table of the Skll, in such woundes to be knowen and cured, there néedeth great iudgement and diligence, for it commeth verie often to passe, that these woundes are made of that man which knoweth not to vse his swoorde strongly, neither in cutting nor in wounding striketh with his hande lightly, but doth rather broose then cut, and so doth hurt as if the wounde had béene made with Clubbe or Staffe, or by some other contusion, by which blowe the heade is rather dashed toge∣ther then wounded, and the Skull it selfe through the con∣cauitie, and that part by the which it doth touch the pan∣nicles, is the more shaken and moued, then anie whit touched or cut in the vpper parte, so that it is more grie∣uously hurt with the swoorde, then if it had béene donne with a Staffe or Clubbe. It happeneth also that often times of that contusion manie veines are broken, out of which the bloud that bursteth foorth is easilie corrupted, and con∣sequently not onelie the signes of death, but also verie death it selfe ensueth. Wherefore when anie of these thinges shall happen, it is the chiefe part of an expert Sur∣gion to consider of all these thinges which we haue spoken off, and also if conueniently it may be, to view the swoorde or other weapon wherwith y^e wound was made, whether it were sharpe or blunt, & also to consider the man which gaue y^e wound, whether he were more in actiuitie, or in strēgth, likewise also to consider what we apon he vsed, sharpe or

blunt, a Dagger, an axe, Darte or Iauelin, or any other, ra∣ther then a sharp weapon, many things of the like sort are to be considered and waied, and the signes also are to be ob∣serued, which haue ensued in him that hath taken the woūd, if he did straight way vomit, or if he fell downe, or whether he were in a foune, or troubled in his sight with dimnesse or in any other sence, for no such thing is wont to happen wher the wound is lightly receiued, and nothing else made then an incision or cut, but to take it so lightly that he seemeth to haue had the stripe not in the head but on the haire, & that happeneth by reason of the light contusion. Therefore when any such thing happeneth, wheras the coniecture & the iudge∣ment thereof is very difficill, ʒ doe think this to be the su∣rest and most wisest way, that the place be opened with the Trepan. For we doe feare no daunger heereof, (although we finde nothing hurt within the skull.) I say, no daunger nor any delay of cure. Contrarywise, if this thing be not re∣garded, then most great and most certaine daunger, yea and often times death it selfe doth ensue. And truely I do thinke that the most part of men which dye of any wound in the head, dye for this cause. For in such chaunces the Surgions haue accustomed no other thing then to scrape or shaue, and to vse the Legra, vntill they shall think that they are come to the ende of the Scissure, and so they think they haue satis∣fied themselues, and discharged their office. And when they least feare, then beginneth to appeare the signes of death, whereof they haue small knowledge, and by this meanes all doe perish, so that none can escape these daungers: neither may this séeme a thing meruailous or incredible vnto you, séeing there are very few in our coasts vnto whome the vse of the Trepan is knowne. Although they haue long profes∣sed the arte of Phisicke and Surgerie, for I doe heare saye, that the most part doe disalow this order of curing, and doe condemne it as full of daunger and hasard, which doe not perceiue this thing that of two sure instruments and for cer∣taine

members most fit, this Trepan to be the one, which is commended especially of Iohn Vigo and Guido, and of other auctors, for (that I may vse their owne proper words) the Trepan in the cures of the head, and the Falx or hooke in the cure of the tayle is greatly allowed of them. But what this Falxe should bée, or what is the vse thereof, surely I take it to be a thing vtterly vnknowen vnto our countrie Surgions, and if it were at a venter and vppon the soddaine brought foorth before thē, I think it would not be knowen. But let vs retourne to our purpose, I doe thinck therefore that when there shalbe no feare of those matters which are set foorth of vs to be obserued in the wounds of the head, thē there néedeth no other instrumēt besides the vse of the Le∣gra or Rasoure instrument. Now therefore this instrumēt must be of thrée sorts: a greater, a middle, & a lesse. Of which this is the vse. If the cut shall pierce as déepe as the former table, or else déeper, then we most go to work with y^e greater instrumēt, after that with the middle, & then with the least. But if the incision in the bone shalbe something lesse & not déepe, it shalbe sufficient to make y^e place smoth & plain with the least. Legra: least there should be left some recesse or cō∣cauitie, wherevnto the corrupt matter being gathered toge∣ther might pierce. And when it could not be taken away, should thereby putrifie the bone. But when this is once per∣formed, in the second opening, the Balme must be applied, although the matter be not yet brought to his perfection, for by this medicine the corrupciō shalbe brought to his perfec∣tion and ripenesse in very good time, as we haue taught you before. After this let y^e place be filled with lints not to hard depressed, & adde therevnto one of the emplaisters which we haue set foorth to you before. By this meanes therefore all kindes of woūds are most rightly & sonest cured, oftentimes without any losse of bones, for although they are sometimes fouched with the ayre & hurt, the power of this medicine is so great, that if the pacient be of a good constituciō of nature, all

things be easily corrected & restored, as by experience made it shal manifestly appeare, but what appertaineth to the or∣der of diet in meats and drinks, and the conuenience of the place, thus it is. If it shalbe in the winter season, let his chamber be in y^e vpper part of the house, in some high cham∣ber if it may conueniently be, so that the roofe be wel fenced either with plaister or with Tome other lofte aboue it, and not néere the tyles onely, from the raine, for if these thinges may not be had it shalbe surer that his chamber be prepared in a lower place, but in Sōmer season a lower chamber is best, least the paciēt be hurt by heate, let the chamber doore be alwaies kept shutte, and hang a cloth before the doore to kéepe off the aire that commeth into the chamber. Further∣more let there be a Candel burning in the chamber day and night, whose heate is sufficient to temper the aire that is in the circuite of the chamber. But if the place doe séeme somwhat cold by reason of the winter, let there be burning coles brought into the chamber sometimes, for it is not good for the chamber to be ouer hot, therefore we doe commonly vse to haue a candle continually burning in the chamber, the dores being shut and a cloth continually hanging before the same, for it happeneth oftentimes, that those which com∣meth in and out, doth neglect to shut the dores, many Sur∣gions haue accustomed to cast a cloth ouer their heads that stand by, in manner of a tent, and so to goe about their cure: but surely I think that there is no néede of any such things, if so that the place be prepared as we haue said, for I thinke that oftentimes, the same hurteth. For the heate of the candle is reflexed, by reason of the cloth stayed against them, and doth not suffer the vapours fuming out of the pacients head to breath foorth, and it is euident that thing to be very noy-s••me and hurtfull, and especially in the hot countries, but in colde countries it may be better borne withall.

It chaunceth oftentimes in the warres déepe wounds of mens heads in the open ayre to be cured, and without any

house, where neither chamber, nor shéete, nor fire is, therfore wée thinke those thinges to be sufficient which we haue spoken of touching preparing the place.

But when the time of opening is, it will be much auail∣lable to hold two Candels aboue on both sids of the wound, as néere as may be, that the aire enuironing the thamber, may thereby be warmed and tempered, and the same two candles shall both giue light enough, and shall conuenient∣ly kéepe of the colde that may hurt, for there shalbe no colde in a maner in the chamber that is thus prepared, as we haue tolde you, and if thou suspect that there is any, the candles being remoued to and fro about the pacient shall remedie all that matter, which thing surely verie experirnce doth teach vs.

In the verie beginning of the cure, we doe féede them which are diseased of any wound in the head with ray∣sons and a little bread both at dinner and supper, and with water of Anise and Barley, or with that which shall séeme best to agrée with the complexion of the pacient, and we vse this diet vntil the seuenth daye, except necessitie doth enforce any other thing either in the matter it selfe, or growing of any other forren cause. But if the partie be of a cholericke complexion to suffer him once a day to eate the flesh of a pul∣let or cockerell, vntil he haue passed the seuenth day, but vt∣terly to forbed all such as suffer any such griefes to eate the broth of the flesh, because it is wont to hurt very much: from the beginning of the cure we doe giue him to drinke euerie day in y^e morning the sirope of Roses made by infusion. ℥.ii. mixed with Plantain water. ℥.iii. and this we cause to be giuen vii. daies together. We must also diligently foresée that euery day he goe to y^e stoole whether it be of his owne course or prouoked by some Clister. But we exhibite no medirine purgatiue, nor yet Cassia. For that wée haue obserued by often proofes, that thing to be hurtfull to them verie greatlie, although it bée a verie simple medicine and haue no

solutiue at all admired. If any man stande in doubt or will contende to the contrarie, he shall finde it by proofe. For whereas the head is the chiefest member, it cannot be but that it should be troubled of the purgatiue medecine, by reason of the communitie which the brayne hath with the bellie, wherevpon it commeth to passe, that it can doe no good but hurt verie much, and surelie this order these fiftie yéeres hath hadde good successe with vs alwaies, whereas before that time it did so well take place according to our expectatiō as long as we did accustome to giue Casfia fistu∣lae to the patient, it shalbe sufficient therefore with the vse of these sirupes to atteunate the humours, to temper the heate, and refresh the strength, to helpe the vertue concoc∣tiue of the bellie and the liuer, and to represse the boyling of the bloud, and of other humours. But when the fracture of the bone is not certaine, yet it is to be suspected that there is some secret rupture or bloud effused out of the veines, which being corrupted, may cause death. This thing wée may with certaine experience finde out by a certaine Pi∣leote composed which we will declare after the mind of Bar∣tilpalia although it be not plainely set foorth of the same author.

• ...Rec. Cerae nouae Citrini.
• ...Thuris.
• ...Santali. ℥.ij.
• ...Terebnithinae.
• ...Aceti Fortisimi. Ana. ℥.j. fiat empl. s.a.
• ...Farine Fabarum Ana. ℥.j. fiat empl. s.a.

Let this emplaister be laide ouer all the heade in like∣nesse of a Cappe, the head being first shauen. For on what part soeuer the fracture is in the bone, vppon the same part the Sere-cloth shalbe founde deminished and dried vp. And that shalbe apparant within the space of thrée daies. But in the other partes where no fracture is, the plaister shall ap∣peare vniforme and all one. But if there shalbe no fracture

〈◊〉〈◊〉, the plaister shall appear•• ••ll one.

¶ Annotacion of the fifth Chapter.

Na••n cal•…•…riam peruadant.] For be it that they passe through the Skull.

There be many ••ignes to be regarded. In the first Chap∣ter he gahtereth the tokens from the kindes of weapons, now from the part which by them is wounded, as if it may séeme, or in the fore-part of the crowne, from hence both fore-wittings and the manner of cure is deliuered by Hyp∣pocrates, for these fore-partes bée most féeble and weake, the hinder partes not so weake, because the bone is harder, and lesse substance of the b•…•…ine contained vnder it.

Trianguli figuram] a figure triangle.

You must euer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ware, that none of the temples bée e∣uer •…•…t, nor no higher part néere the arterie that is caried by the temples, for then a distention of Nerues must néed•• follow, which we call a con•…•…ion, those mus k••es which Hippocrates in his booke of his con••extion of sinnues, cal∣leth Crota Phitas.

Si statem vomuit] if he presently vomited.

These things ye shall reade off in Hippocrates seuenth booke of Aphonfimes in the 59. of the sa••e. And in the 50. of the vi. books, beside mut•• more written in his coaicast fore knowinges, ••n•• his booke of woundes in the head. Once a day with flesh, C•…•…e••i•…•…e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rather néede nourishment and lesse beare fasting, as Hippocrates saieth in his second booke of diet, in sharpe diseases. The inconueniences that comme••h by fasting, is sounding, giddinesse in the heade, féed ••enesse in the •…•…ke, all which in that parte of Hip∣pocrates, and in the co•…•…t which Galen maketh vpon the sa••e are expressed more at •…•…ge.

Purgati•…•…ar nullum] no purging medicine.

For since the braine after a sort doth 〈…〉〈…〉 all other partes, and is not gouerned or contained of any, it ought not to receiue the supersluitie of any other part, and therefore it néedeth no pu•• gi••g medicine. Yet notwithstan∣ding I will adde that purgatiue medicine which Hippo∣crates willeth to be giuen. If the hend be troubled with a collericke impostumation called Herisipelan then he thinkes it conuenient to purge by such a medicine as hath the pro∣perti•• to auoid th•…•…er.

Of Contusions in the heades of Infantes and Children Cap. 6.

THere are in Children oftentimes 〈…〉〈…〉 yeres of age, cōtusions made ••ither by 〈◊〉〈◊〉, or by some stripe, or by some instrument or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like al•…•…aies to ap••s••u••es or to those blemishes which we sée in brasen or leaden ••e•…•…el, so that the skin to not perished, and the hinder table of the skull nothing broken, the former ta∣ble is many times hurt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for th•• tendernesse of that bone by reason of the age is sometimes the cause that the skull be∣ing not hurt at all, and oftentimes hurt and broken is bru∣sed downe, and the pa•…•…i•…•…es enuironing the braine be bro∣ken, which we haue often found out, and an example of the matter was set forth of late, wherein the towne of Lierena of the pro•…•…ce of Granado, a chi•…•… of ••oure yée••es of age was brought to vs to be e••eed, who•…•… a woden doore fal∣ling from a window, had grieuous•…•… wounded 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vnder that closing of the skull that is called Coronall, of which stripe both b•…•…s, and also both the skinnes were broken, and also part of the braine th••ise in the tone of his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 came foorth, yet was the childe healed without manifestati∣on of the wound, and without any losse of bones, ••eyther was the cure thereof pr••l•…•…ged aboue the twenteth day.

To such cōpressions in childrens heads to be cured, we shall not •…•…de any greater opening of the wound then is made by chaunce, and if there be no wound made, nothing is to be opened, although all the bones be knowen to be perished and broken, and this shalbe a most suer order of curing in such woundes, for whatsoeuer is done otherwise then this among the common sort, it hath most certaine daunger. And this is the suer order and way of this cure, besides the tem∣perate and wholesome diet of the childe, or at least wise of Nurse if he be as yet nourished with Milke, it shalbe méete to make some diuersions, eyther his armes, or his thighes are to be scarified, if the con•…•…on shall shew no manifest wound at the first, we vse this remedy.

• ...Rec. Olei Rosarum et ana. ℥.ss.
• ...Camomille. ana. ℥.ss.
• ...Olei Mirtinj, et ℥.j.
• ...pul: Mirtini. ℥.j.
• ...Albuminis vni•…•…oni cum vitello.
• ...Farine fabarum. ana palulum.
• ...Farine hordie. ana palulum.

Let these be well mingled together and be made in the forme of an emplaister, and put vnto the brused place. The next day after, we doe apply another plaister, the place not∣withstanding being first well shauen with a Rasour, which plaister is as followeth. Take of the drosse of an hiue of Bées, or if that cannot well be come by, of new drossie wax & of cōmon hony puluerizid. ℥.j. of the stone called Hae∣matite or blood stone. ℥.ss. of Cumin, of Absinthiū, of the Pu∣mice stone, & of common brannes. ℥.ij. mingle all these toge∣ther at the fier, & let a plaister be made, which put vpon the place being depressed, broder in compasse by the space of two fingers, for there is a great vertue of this playster,

to that within 〈…〉〈…〉 it will take 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and depressed bones 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ind 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doe thinke that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 i•• not any remedie more 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for this matter, then this is. But if besides the depression and fracture of the bone, there shalbe also a wound, first of all he is to ••ée d••es••ed with the white of an ••gge, and the yolke beaten together, couering the wounde with softe and thinne boul•…•… ••s towe. The next day after we shall vse that Balme of us in this booke so often commended, and the wounds gently to be anoynted with a fether, whose most present remedie and vertue shall easily be pere•…•…ued in this kind also. For it doth 〈…〉〈…〉 & 〈◊〉〈◊〉, & 〈…〉〈…〉, but it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be motten, and yet not 〈◊〉〈◊〉, least the pa••ient vs 〈◊〉〈◊〉 therewith, or els any thing deminish from the strength of the medicine, by too much heate. And of this must we most of all take ••éede, that no bone be taken foorth at all, although it be euident that all be broken. But the wound is to be coue∣red with dry lints, but not to harde depressed. And vpon all these thinges y^e plaister which we set foorth vnto you euen now, is to be applied & that warme. Which surely with great pleasure & admiration of the patient without any daunger, doth suck out all the corruption which is gathered together within the woūd, & in most short time doth take vp all the con••used bones, & doth restore them into the place, whereby nature they should be. For we may safelie •…•…ir•…•…, that for these fiftie yéeres •• aboue, we haue with most often experi∣ence; vsed this & the other kinds of healing which we haue alredy set foorth, and haue had good successe in the same, euen as we would wish. And by the helpe of God (vnto whome we do referra all things as receiued) we can testifie that ma∣ny haue béen hereby deliuered of very many & most grieuous wounds, among whom hitherto there are ix. remayning in whome no small part of the brayne was perished, but in a manner a great number in whome the former risme of the brayne was greatly rent and torne. But of these ix. which

we haue 〈…〉〈…〉 of the Dioce••e of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, there 〈…〉〈…〉 friend of Iohn 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dehi•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 in his head with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by which wo•…•…d, y^e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or •…•…nnicles being broken, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 much of his braine did 〈…〉〈…〉 as the quantie of two •…•…ain••s of wheate; 〈…〉〈…〉 a pal••e••y and a be no•…•…ing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 one side of the b•…•…y, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the •…•…gus, wher∣of he was •…•…cke to the ••oue•…•…h 〈◊〉〈◊〉, of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 disease not∣withstanding after the 〈…〉〈…〉, he began to re∣couer daylie more and more to 〈◊〉〈◊〉. The second was a certain•• chi•…•…e, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ten yéeres •…•…de stricken in the forehead with y^e store of a Mule, that with the •…•…ain of the iron sho••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bones were beaten 〈…〉〈…〉 for y^e space of sixe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 contin•…•…e there a••d perish ••o much of his draine as 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and 〈…〉〈…〉 same but the wound •…•…ely. The third was of 〈…〉〈…〉 called Fuentes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Deon, which 〈…〉〈…〉 with 〈…〉〈…〉 shotte foorth of a •…•…osse ••owe, and ha•…•…oth the haire, the bones, and the flesh, dri•…•… together vppon the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, a•• the first, second, and third 〈…〉〈…〉 away by vs, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dy the verse pu•…•… and 〈…〉〈…〉 selfe, they were ex∣pelled by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈…〉〈…〉 came foorth also the••wit••, wherin 〈…〉〈…〉 one thing not to be ••ightly passed ouer of vs. And y^• was, that the twelft day a certaine soft & white thing beg••n to grow ••w••th within, like to fat, which at y^e next dressing did so abound, y^• it appeared aboue al•• the flesh, but we did 〈…〉〈…〉 the power of Hermodactiles thinking y^t therby it would be aba•…•… & ••rought backe a∣gaine, but when at y^e third dressing we did perceaue that it was risen aboue the skin. We thought it good to deale in the master with some instrument, wherefore we did cutte it off with the ••isord euen with the skull, and that which was cut off did excéed the quantitie of a ••a••at and more, but there c•…•…ed neither blo•…•… nor any thinge els. And the next daie after there appeared nothing, but all thinges

were 〈…〉〈…〉 yet 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 euill, the 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 whitest 〈…〉〈…〉 lived 〈…〉〈…〉 of age. But the 〈…〉〈…〉 of 〈…〉〈…〉 of the Marques of 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉

〈…〉〈…〉 had •…•…iken 〈…〉〈…〉 coronall •…•…e of the bones all that part of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 waht ••e receiued the woūd was broken in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dri••en fore together vppon the braine. It was 〈…〉〈…〉 therefore to be looked vnt•• Euen to the second, 〈…〉〈…〉 fourth time. It behoued also all these bones to 〈…〉〈…〉 which being 〈…〉〈…〉 their pla•…•… did 〈…〉〈…〉 vpon the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, but most of all they 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 which were within the lower 〈…〉〈…〉 in the substance of the draine. Of the which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the haues were so great that they might 〈…〉〈…〉 of the woūd, and by these 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 selfe were corrupted. Wherefore 〈…〉〈…〉 from the second to the 〈…〉〈…〉 or 〈…〉〈…〉 of the substa•…•…e of the waine at 〈◊〉〈◊〉 time (and that not a little) did come foorth.

There was present while we did this cure. Bene•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Arias Mon••a•…•…, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and our countriman, which at that time learned Surger•• of vs, rather for the art•…•… sake then for the practise. Fi•…•… d•…•…e•• continuallie ••o•…•…s and portion of the braine did issue forth, which were ex∣pelled with the pulsacion and laboring thereof.

And this young man was ve••ed with grieuous •…•…a•…•…∣••es and panges whiles he was euring. For in the right side ••e suferred a ••o••v•…•…on or •…•…ampe, in the left side a palsie, and also the kinges euill. All these panges comming vppon him the xi. day, did continue vntill the xx. day, and

that with 〈…〉〈…〉 began som•• what better 〈…〉〈…〉 he escape•• altogether.

Whi•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 did 〈…〉〈…〉 (which is a towne 〈…〉〈…〉 and 〈…〉〈…〉 publique 〈…〉〈…〉 of the peole thus 〈…〉〈…〉 the autho∣ritie of y^e 〈…〉〈…〉 honest ••iet al∣sowed, there hap••ened a 〈…〉〈…〉 at the towne of Valnerde ten miles distant from L•…•…rena, which we haue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 héer•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ep••r•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 héering the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of that man being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to health, but that he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 giue praise to god the au•…•…h•…•… and •…•…elie president of h•…•…aine he•…•… th••

〈…〉〈…〉 did 〈…〉〈…〉 verie gerat stones with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into the Tower which then was in building (for y^e worke was now brought wel for∣warde did rise 〈◊〉〈◊〉 height aboue y^e church wherto it did wyne) one of the stones falling downe, did strike one of them on the head which did •…•…de theg•…•…, where the Sagittall commis∣sure is, but he fell sodainlie downe, and together with the stone lay on the earth, a•…•…h•• s•…•…ne was a cubit brode and longe, and in height xii. •…•…ers, and of xxiiii. li. in waight. The man lay in the same place halfe an hours féeling no∣thing, & frō thence he was c••ried home in a maner for dead, or at the least-wise like to die. Within one houre, he suf∣fered the passion of y^e braine thrée whole daies together, not onely spéech••es, but also without any moning, & was moued & ••urned of the standers by no otherwise then if he had dene dead. And a great part of the ••one•• being brused downe, lay vpon the braine, and the blood brake not at his eies & nose, his head and his necks was swelled, and in coulont blacke. after the eight da••e, the head dyd open of his owne accord, from the ••orepart and the hinder par•…•… vppon one of the 〈…〉〈…〉 also.

For y^e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wer now ripened, we thē did restore y^e

bones into their 〈…〉〈…〉 men of a troubled minde are wonte to doe, his eyed were open and 〈…〉〈…〉 the ••a•…•…ing 〈…〉〈…〉 a 〈…〉〈…〉 saw nothing at all, 〈…〉〈…〉 xx. d•…•…, 〈…〉〈…〉 that his 〈…〉〈…〉 in his 〈…〉〈…〉 after the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 mo∣neth, he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sée 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as when he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in health. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as his wound was now healed, for to the xxv. day ma∣ny bones came fo••rth ••nd he rose presently out of his 〈◊〉〈◊〉, although he co••ld not then well goe, and so by the helpe of God more their by the helpe of man, he was healed, And he escaped his eies looking a squint. One, one way, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 other, another way, the which also (as the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 did pr•…•…éede) at the fo••rth m•…•…eth 〈…〉〈…〉 and l•…•…kes right, he •…•…∣neth as yet, and hath married 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wise. For he was then a young 〈◊〉〈◊〉. But his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 we did re••oore by other helps.

Annotations of the sixt Chapter.

Those thinges that 〈…〉〈…〉 of childrens bones, are more largely expressed by Galen in his vi. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Methood of •…•…ing.

Ad huin somodiantem 〈…〉〈…〉] for vnto these kinds of compre•…•…ions or 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

That kinde of 〈…〉〈…〉 not to be enlarged, nor to bée opened, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yet i•• the 〈…〉〈…〉 wh•…•…e, although the skull be broken, there must be no incision made: this ••éemes to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the opinion of Hippocrates, whereof besides his authoritie, he addeth this ••e•…•…n. For where the bone is broken the skin 〈◊〉〈◊〉 whole, the heate cannot 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and nature 〈…〉〈…〉 as able to digest the matter, and to knit the 〈…〉〈…〉 most 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in fractures, when fragmentes or spelles of bones be not discouered, they 〈…〉〈…〉 the skinne, euer

or most commonly reconsiled.

Ex quo vulnere tantum cerebri] out of which wound, so much of the braine.

Of what part soe••er the braine is wounded, if the weapō haue perced déepe, as Hippocrates witnesseth, it appeareth to be deadlie. But amongst diuers aucthors, diuers thinges doe chaunce: as this aucthor doth recorde. Galen writeth that ma∣ny haue recouered health, whose vpper part of the braine, hath béene onely touched or wosided with the weapon, and he produceth a young man of Smyrna in Ionia, that was healed, who had a hurt in one of y^e fore vntricles of y^e braine.

Of curing wounds in the face. Cap. vij.

THe woundes which are made in the face, are to be healed at the first most perfectly, & that shalbe done if we foresée that y^e brims of the wound be well closed & ioyned toge∣ther with a néedle and thred, and not with more stitches or lesse then is néedefull, so y^t the flesh to the flesh, and the skinne to the skinne, may aptly cleaue together no orifice left in the wounde, except it be so great and déepe that it porce to the dones, for when it shal∣be so, it shall be expedient to leaue some orifice where into there may be put some Flammula or linnen cloth, where by all hurtfull humiditie may be purged foorth, and the matter also which is consected, where the wounde is great & déepe: otherwise we shall not néede to looke for any matter or cor∣ruption, if the cure be done in right order. And it chaunceth oftentimes that there is no néede of the needle, when the wounds are not exe•…•…ed crossewise, or ouerthwart, but in length, which thing we haue performed oftentimes in this wise, We do make fast from the eares one ende to the other of a long thred and twisted together, such a one as we are wont to sowe withall, and cast it oftentimes round about

the head, from one side to the other vpon the very wound•…•… who••e drinks are rightly to be •…•…t together, with often win∣ding about, and almost touching one another, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 y^e whole wound be set euen and cont••yned & so closed vp. For by this meanes the brinkes or •…•…ppes of the wound doe most •…•…tlas cleane together, after that we do put thervpon square plea∣gen••s of ••ax with the white of an egge, & after seuen houres the white of the egge being taken away, we lay therto em∣plaistirs on both sides vpon the th••ids, which when they that be ••ried vp, (which is done within foure houres) they are to be sowed together with néedle & thred, y^• (as much as may be) they may cleane together, & then the other threds which went about the head & ••id close vp the wound, may be bro∣ken off. But the emplaisters are made as followeth.

• ...Rec. Boli A•…•…onia•…•…. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Th•…•…is. ana. ʒ.ij.ss.
• ...Mastieis. ana. ʒ.ij.ss.
• ...Sa•…•…le. ana. ʒ.ij.ss.
• ...My•…•…lie. ana. ʒ.j.ss.
• ...Aloes. ana. ʒ.j.ss.
• ...Tragaganti Pisti.
• ...Sanguis Draconis. ʒ.ij.
• ...Farinae hordei, et fabarum, ana. ʒ.iij. misceantur.

Héereof let two plaisters be made & put to the wound both on the one side, and on the other, let them be distant on both sides from the wounde, a singer vreadth, and vpon the wounde it selfe, we doe put Stuphes of Flare dipped in the white of an egge, so broade as is betweene the em∣plaisters and the defaultes vntill the next day, for the next day after, the Stuphes which we put vpon the wound, be∣ing dipt in the white of an egge, we take away. And v•…•…e do anoint with & fether the wound with that Balme which we haue set foorth vnto you, laying the••on a thin plaister of that Cerot which hath béen alwaies most approued by vs, by the discription of Iohn Vigo.

• ...Rec. Olei Rosarum. ana. ℥.j.
• ...Olei Myrtinj. ana. ℥.j.
• ...Terebinthinae cla. ℥.ij.
• ...Pinguedinis vituline. ʒ.x.
• ...Masticis. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Vini odoriferi. Cia th. j.
• ...Rorismarinea. ana. m.ss.
• ...Mille folij. ana. m.ss.
• ...Plantaginis. ana. m.ss.
• ...Symphyti, mi. ana. m.ss.
• ...Centaureae maioris. ana. m.ss.

Bulliantus omnia ad consumpcionem vinj: deinde colen∣tur et cum cera fiat cerotum et malaxentur cum vitello vni∣•…•…o••i. And if you procéede right with this one order of cu∣ring, within foure or fiue daies the woūdes are cured, with∣out any s••arre. The same thing is brought to effect with that great and royall oyntment which is ••et foorth by Iohn Vigo in his Antidotarie, the same thing also is performed with a Cerote of Sinople or red lead••, so the place be anoin∣ted ouer with that ou•• Balme. But if of necessitie we must vse the needle & thred, there must be chosen verie fine née∣dles, and thred that may be correspondant to the same. For many of the Barbors (which commonly among vs doe cure wounds) and woont to sowe the wounds of the face with such néedles as they are woont to sowe the thigh or ham, & they suffer the stitches to sticke there so long, vntill they being broken of their owne accord, doe breake out the flesh with all. They do their cure in such sort, as they are wont to cure the woūds made in the body. Vsing digestiues & oyles, and so of a simple woūd they make a compoūd. The wounds being then set together with néedle & thred, Stuphs of flax being dipt in the white of an egge beaten together are put there vpon, and so let them be all the next day, and then are the plaisters to be ioyned together, as it hath béen said, and the wound is to be anoynted with a fether with our Balme,

and some one of those thrée emplaisters which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 haue re∣hearsed before is to be laide on, and so the wound is to bée bounde vp. The next after we put to a plaister withall, we cut the sowings and stitches with a payre of Cisers, and anoynt the place with Balme, & so adde a Cerote. And this is the briefest and surest way of curing all manner of woundes in the face.

It happened vnto vs in the Towne of Fraxenall, that we did cure a man whose face was wounded with a swoorde, from the verie ioyning of the nose & browes, to the top and opening of the lippes on hooh sides, so that the nose with y^e vpper Iawbone and teeth, fell downe vpon his chame, but they that waited vpon him at home did vse themselues ve∣ry ••nwi••ely. For stopping the wound with a linnen cloth, did suffer that part of the face which was fallen downe, so to lie without all consideration. When we came thether be∣ing sent for, we founde that part, I say, the nose & the Iaw∣bone now cold & almost dead, so that a néedle might scantlie perce, yet we set the whole place together with a néedle, & so that the bones of the vpper Iawe did agree within to his own bones, as nature requireth. And y^• we did after this sore.

We honnd a fillet two fingers brode about his forehead, which had on y^e nether part a hem, wherunto y^e thrid might be strongly fastned, to y^e •…•…let toe did sow two other, from the fore part of the head to the hinder part, & from eare to eare in the manner of a trosse, & those somewhat narrower whith onely might how y^e broder fillet. When these things were in a redines, we did put into somwhat a great nedle a log shred, & made it fast frō the fillet which did enuiron y^e head betwen the eare & the forehead, which we did put through betwene the first check tooth, & the tooth called Caninus or dog footh, and brought it backe againe to y^e fillet which did cōpas y^e forhead. After y^• again going to the téeth straight ouer against, & by this meanes sowing vp the chawe to the nose, we commis∣sured them to the other bones to the which they were a∣gréeable.

Then so••ed we the vtter skull with a néedle, & so as I haue toulde you beyng bounde vp, we kept it vn∣till all the parts were growen together, and at the length by the help of God, we did restore him, that he did séeme ne∣uer to haue receaued any wound. In the same maner there was a man likewise cured of vs, whome a Bull had stroken, and with his horne vnder the chin from the eare to the vp∣per iaw, had opened that part of the face also which doth se∣perate the left eye from the nose, where y^e tippe of the horne (as they which were there present & especially the man him∣selfe did affirme) eppeared foorth more then tenne fingers breadth, we did sow vp the place with a néedle where the horne went in and where it came foorth also. But we bound vp the chaw, as it hath bene declared in the former cure, and healed it outwardly according to the order of our precept, & gaue cōmandement, that his mouth within should be wash∣ed with a decoction of Barly, Roles, & the flowers of Pom∣granades, & Mell Rosatid, strained & mingled therewithall. And so in a very short time he was cured, yet many bones falling from y^e roofe of his mouth which were broken with the horne, & there was left in the roofe of his mouth a hole as great as the Thumb of a mans hand might go in, when all things were healed, & the skin couered, we stopped the hole ouer with a smoth rine and made fit artificially to the place with a linnen cloth also wrapt about it, by which meanes it was prouided that hée might speake, eate & drinke well, yet he did foresée that in the night time it should be taken away least the hole thereby should be made wider, & some times he layde it aside. Thus endeth the first booke.

Annotations of the vij. Chapter.

Hippocrates reporteth that the wounds in the forehead and other parts of the face, doe differ much in cure. For wounds in the head are cured after Hippocrates and Galen

onely with drying medicines. Galen especially propound••th two kindes of tures betweene themselues, quite contrarie, as he writeth in his first booke of Therepe••ticke, of a cer∣taine thing called Eudeani, which he would vse if he lined in Asia, which & take to be a certaine liquor or wine. But Hippocrates in all his booke of wounds of the head, refuseth vtterly win••, and all kinds of Leniments and Cataplasmes.

The second booke.

Of wounds in the brest, Cap. i.

WE haue seene oftentimes verie many which taking in haud to cure déepe wounds in the brest; yet dos they either neuer heale, them or else bring death to the parients very spedely although the wounds ••e not deadly o•• theyr d••ine nature, because they haue not receaued the workmanship & order of such cures of experte maisters of y^e arte. But if it happen any of those y^t suffer such griefes to li••e, yet we sét them diseased with fistulaes (as they call thē) during their life. When the Phisicions haue had these persons in hand and all in vaine, they put in a hollow pine of heade••r of filuer into the wound, & leaue them, comfor∣ting them with this spéech, that they would not shut vp the place in any wise, because the putrified humor being stopt within, when it hath no place to issue foorth, it would bring certaine death, and that it is expediēt for them that the same pipe be alwaies kept open, that the corrupcion and super flu∣ous humours of the wound may be expurged, and by this meanes they will linger foorth life, as long as please God,

and so leaue them vncured. But the cause is that they know not how to cure the wound being yet gréene, neither doe they think that any other thing may be done in that case, then that whith is doue of thēselues. Wherefore we haue thought it good to sette foorth that order of curing which we vse in those kinde of wounds, and wherby we doe cure all wounds which are brought to vs when they be gréene so they be not deadly of necessitie, such as are sette foorth by writers percing the Diaphragma, and the stomake: all these wounds are of manifest daunger to euery man, and are so reconed of the learued Doctors euerie where, but all y^e other (although the bodie be perced through) yet by Gods help they may be healed. Of which sort it hath happened vnto vs to heale by his help innumerable, as well taken at the first in hand, as also forsaken of otheres, and that within the fortith day. And the same thing shall happen to any Phisition which will follow the order to be set foorth by vs, whether they be gréene wounds and new, or of longer continuance and forsaken of others, neither shall he néede the help of manie hands to the matter. The common opinion almost of all our writers is, that all wounds receiued in the déepe brest, be for the most part incurable. The daunger whereof if any happen to escape, yet doe they affirme that he shall labour of a continuall Fistulae or consumpcion.

Or this opinion esperciallie is Vigo, who although he hath verie well set foorth those things which doe belong to that cure, yet for lacke of experiments and practise (whose praise is most chiefe in Surgerie) yet he doth promise a desperate cure.

But wée (God helping vs therein) doe promise certaine helpe, euen in most ha•…•… euents; yea, and though the Lungs be perced. And this is, the •…•…der of the cure. If the wound be gréene, he y^t hath taken the wound, is to be laied naked in his bed, but when y^e woūd is perceiued to be déepe & percing, let him be laid hādsomly & cōmanded to lie w^t his legs stretched

foorth, with his body plaine, and the wounded place downe∣ward, that all the bloud which is néedefull to be powred out of the wound may runne foorth, and none of the clottid blood remaine within the brest, for it cannot be but y^e verie much bloud be congeled within the brest, as well from the inner as the outer veines. The pacient therefore being thus orde∣red, lette him lye vntill the Surgion hath made redie those things which shalbe thought good to appertaine to the cure, when all things shalbe redie, let him sée againe if the bloud doe issue foorth, & if it doe runne foorth, suffer him to lye still, and in the meane season to cough, & commaund him to stay his breath now and then, vntill you doe throughly perceine that whatsoeuer corrupt bloud is within the breast, shalbe runne foorth. But if the wound be great, or made with a Launce or broade Sword, it shalbe néedefull to be ioyned to∣gether with a néedle, leauing a stitch or two that there may be so much lest open of the orifice, as a finger may goe in, in∣to the which orifice a smal Flammula or a linnen cloth dipt in the white of an egge may be put, yet so that all be not put in, for it must be longer then for the course of the woūd, and part whereof may hang foorth, but if we vse the Flam∣mula, there is no feare that the whole should be brought whithin the wound. But contrariewise if we vse the tent, for such a thing may easily be swallowed vp of the woūd, which like daunger did happen not long since to two of our Phisicions, for one of them vnwarely did thrust a great tent as much as ones singer into the breast, which we the tenth daye after (not without some businesse and diligence) drew foorth, and straightwaies the man was healed of his wound, & to another the stalke of mallowes lapped in thrids or lint, fell into the entraills of the brest, & laye hid within of long time, neither did it profit any thing at all to go about to draw it foorth, but the lint onely the second moneth after was drawen foorth with much adoe. But the stalke by no meanes might be drawen foorth. For the wound was ouer deépe, and

had an orifice like vnto & fooke, the pacient therefore being brought •…•…rie sow, and d•…•…itute of all strength, died. There∣fore when thou shalt put in the Flammula, let it be dipt in the white of an egge, and so conueniently bound vp. When he is thus dressed, let him lye vpon the wound, with cusshi∣ons put to him on both sides, that the wound may rest or lye vpon the voide place betweene the eu•…•…ions, and the orifice of the wound to lye downeward, that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tho hurtfull humor may issue foorth. And we must put in no tent at all, for that doth hurt two waies: both for that it hindereth the dowing of the h•…•…nors, a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 greiueth the pa••iont, and the often vsuing to put in the same, cau•…•…h the 〈…〉〈…〉. But a small 〈◊〉〈◊〉 cloth being put in kéepeth the wound alwaies open, as much as is sufficient, whereby the hurtfull moishnesse of the woūd may issue foorth, and it causeth no griefe, nor yet letteth in the ayre.

It shalbe néedefull also to open a veine, first on the con∣trarie side, and then on the same side, as the Phisition shall vnderstand it to be néedefull and expedient, and •…•…dering the strength of the pacient at shalbe conuenient also to giue him the pocion, which may represse the bloud and purge, and the same is to be giuen him in the morning the fourth day.

• ...Rec. Rhabarbati electi. ʒ.ss.
• ...Rubi tinctorum.
• ...Mumie. Ana. ℈.••.
• ...Terrae sigillatae. ℈.ss.
• ...Aquae sca••tosae.
• ...Buglossae.
• ...Vini Granatorum. Ana. ℥.j. fiat po. s.A.

〈…〉〈…〉 also for suth a bec•…•…ton to be pr••paren, 〈…〉〈…〉 may be 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and medicine, and drinke, whereby 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wound is 〈…〉〈…〉.

• ...Rec. Hordei 〈◊〉〈◊〉 cont•…•….
• ...Passalar••m mundata•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ana. p.ii••i.
• ...Radicorum Buglossae contusae. ℥iij.
• ...Glyseryzae rasae contusae. ℥.i.ss.
• ...S••minum C•…•…ioi. ℥.ij.
• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉. N.〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ...Pruno•…•…. N.〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ...〈…〉〈…〉 contu: M.j.

Let there be a decantion made according to art in xiiii. lib. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 water to the consum••g of a third part, after tha•• let it be str••ng by strained, to the which adde:

• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉 ℥iij.
• ...Sirupi rosar: or de duab{us} radici: sine aceto: an̄. ℥iij
• ...Saccari albi. lib.ss.
• ...Cinam•…•… p••loerisati. ʒj.ss. fiat apozen••a.

Or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his shall 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••nerie fourth house a pounde weight, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that war•…•… if it be Winter, it shal not be law∣full for him to eate or drinke any at her thinge whole thrée ••ye••. but those thoée daye•• are to be measured by houres, for this doth sufficiently norish, & doth heale y^e dificultly of breathing which thi•…•… all they do suffer that have any déepe wound in the brest, for it doth represse the flowing downe of reunies, and doth correct and purse the blood which remai∣neth within, we m••st proc•…•… also that euerie day he may discharge his belly either of his owne accorde, or els by the healpe of some glister. The fourth day he may dine with the flesh of a 〈…〉〈…〉 with parsley roots put∣ting thereto Saffron and Cinamon, but in the euening he 〈…〉〈…〉 y^e 〈…〉〈…〉 taken 〈…〉〈…〉 thing at all. But at the second 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the matter 〈…〉〈…〉

dispatched. Let there be pr••pared a fine limen cloth, or fla∣•…•…ia as the first was, which was put in at the first dressing, let this cloth be put into the wound being dipped in that Balme so often repeted of vs being liquified, for it hath bane ••roued that medicine to concoct and also to bring flesh. It is put into the wound vntill the percent substance of the flesh doe extend or couch a certaine entrie out wardlie appering. Vppon this, let there be put the emplaister. Basilicon, after the description of Vigo or Gracia de••, about the wound, or the defensiue spred vppon linnen, yet a hole being made where the wound is, so that the defenciue may bée distant ••oom the wound on euery side thrée or soure fingers. But the Defenriue shalbe made of the substance of Roses, of Vi∣niger and Bole Armoniacke, & so let it be dressed once euery day, vntil corruption enough be gathered together. For the next daye there shalbe matter and that good. But the fifth & ••ixt day there shalbe more also, & then we must dresse the wound twise or thrise, or more often in the daye, but yet ye ••idst pro••ide that the patiēt (as much as may be) lye vpon the wound, as long & as cōmodiou ••y as may be, that the pu∣••rified cor••option may issue fourth. But ye must not suffer in any wise y^t a tent be put in, for by such meanes ye shal pre∣cure a continuall fistulae in the place. But when y^e wound hath gathered flesh, (and that shall happen the tenth or at the farthest the twelfe daye) nothing at all is to be put in, neither Flammula nor any other thing, but it is conueni∣ent to vse that emplaister which you have vsed from the beginning, or Emplaistrum de Minio, of Vigos description, and that is to be clensed oftentimes in the daye, least the 〈…〉〈…〉 abounding to much ••ne 〈◊〉〈◊〉 inward, at the last when there is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more 〈…〉〈…〉 shal be, now on crea•…•…, the pouder of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Allome is so be added, and a•• escar to be procured. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which are se•• foorth of writers to be obserned, whereby iudgement may be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 either of ••eath or of life, of th••se which haue re••ea••ed

woundes in the brest which do penetrate are these.* 1.1 For if his Heathing he a like hard, or harder and harder, that is a Signe of death, if otherwise, it is a good signe, and worthie of good fore-iudgmēt; And we may well affirme that none shall perish which shalbe healed in this wise, although the lungs be perced through, except the wouned be next y^e heart, or in the verie heart, for that thing bringeth death most pre∣sently. * 1.2 Secondly if those which be in this case suffer a con∣vulsion within three dayes, or the passion of the heart; death may be signified to them before hand. If in the first days, when he shall now haue drunke vp his decoction it happe∣neth that a more abundant porcion of matter do run foorth of the wound then before, * 1.3 it is a great signe that the wound is growing towards a Fistulae. And y^t the paciēt is brought to a consumpcion in the Lungs. And that thing is to be fea∣ced also when the brused blood shal runne out of the woūd, within the brest, for the brused blood when it issueth foorth of the beines, doth rouieale together, and after that it incor∣rupted into a watry colour and substance. And such a wa∣ter as is left after the washing of flesh. After that there doth breake foorth great abundance, with grieuousnesse & s••inke also. And the breath also is grieuous and tedious to the paci∣ent himselfe. But the water it selfe doth issue foorth euerie day •…•…ener and cléerer, and such a water doth tend also to a Fistulaes and to retaine death if it be not foreféene. But what in this case is to be done, we shall shewe you in that place where we shal entreate of percing Fistulaes in y^e brest.

If in the first daies the paci••nt shalbe fore grieued in his brest or back to the fourth daie, we shal easely help that euil with such on empliastes laied there vnto as is sectfoor thereof 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Vigo, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the certaine thapter, whereof although wée had very small vse, in many wounds which we haue cured in the breast, yet is that vse thereof knowen to be certaine & most present. For it once channced me to vse y^e same when in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 towne de 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Canibs, we did cure a certain yoūg man

being wosided wish two arrowes on y^e right side shot through the concanite of the brest from before to the part of the backe directly behinde, and appearing foorth on both sides, and the man was so grienously pained that he could in no wise lye downe, but he sate in his bed with his féele hanging down•• vpon the ground, but by the helpe of this plaister, and of the decoction set foorth by vs, and cutting of the veines before the third day, he was better recouered of his paines, and al∣so lacke of rest, and the cure taking effect, as I would desire it, he was throughly healed by the xx. day. The plaister is of this ••ort.

• ...Rec. Camomillae.
• ...Melliloti.
• ...Aneti.
• ...Absinthij. ana. m.j.
• ...Furfuris contusi p.ij.ss.
• ...Farinae Fabarum.
• ...Farinae hordej, et lentisti. ana. ʒvj.
• ...Rosarum. p j.

All these being beaten together; and with sufficient sape and a little white wine, let there be made a stiffe plaister thereof at the ster, adding therevnto.

• ...Olei Rosarum. ℥ij.ss.
• ...Olei Camomille.
• ...Olei Aneti. ana. ʒ.ij.
• ...Cerae. ℥.ij.ss.
• ...Croci. ʒ.ij. et fiat emplastrum. s.A.

The place where he is to be laide, must be warme, the doores being thut and a deyle hanged before them, & with∣in the Chamber a fier of coles. For it is hurtfull for déepe and percing woundes to be troubled with colde ayre, wée are bounde to giue God thankes because wée haue cured

more by this 〈…〉〈…〉 which one was in the towne of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, which 〈…〉〈…〉 thrust through with a swoorde behinde his backe on the left side, besides the backe bone, and the swoord did appeare foorth thrée fingers beneath the left pappe more then two handfulls, and the man had taken also two woundes in his head, of which the one did come to Dura mater. We did cure another also in the towne of Combres baxas, and he was wounded with an arrowe empoysoned with Heleborum on the left side, foure fingers aboue the pappe, but the arrowe did show foorth behind the backe betwéene the ribbes called Mendosae, hard by one of the hanches or loynes betwéene the second and third ribbe, for he was striken from somewhat an high place, and he was cured of vs in this sore.

When wée sawe the woundes, to euart the poyson, we gaue him this potion, Rec. Cassiae lignae. aristrolochiae ro∣tunde, ana. ℈.ss anisi. Piperis. ℈.j. Let them be brused with a little wine, and giuen him to drinke. By and by on both sides where the arrow went in and came foorth, we did put to a hot cautery with an instrument called Delatori. After that we did also apply two other Gladia••i Cauteries which were made redie of vs and put to the fier, from the legges to the shoulders on euerie side. Before on the breast, and be∣hinde on the backe we made more then two hundred woūds in the maner of scarifiynges, distant the one from the other the bredth of a finger, for all that part of the body being teinted with the poyson, was now already swollen, & was soft like the lungs, when these thinges were dispatched, wée had a plaister redy for the whole body and backe, where the violence of the poyson séemed to come, & where we had cau∣terized. The description is this. Rec. of Mille somewhat to∣sted, li.j. of beane meale li.ss. of brannes brused. ℥.viii. of Ca∣momill, of Mellilote & Dil, somewhat brused of ech in hand∣fuls, of Corianders, of Cumin, of ech ℥.ij. of all these let there be made a stiffe plaister with sufficiēt sape or new wine boy∣led

led to the third p••rt, adding thervnto oyle of Camomill, ••yle of Dil non. ℥.iiij. of oyle of Bayes, of oyle of Rue, ana. ℥.ij. we vsed this plaister for thrée daies, y^e which as often as we did remoue, we wipt away abūdance of water drawen out of y^e scarifyings, of wa•• colour. And all these iii. daies space y^e pa∣tient did suffer grieuous panges, & passions of the minde, and losse of •…•…asō, & some time also in the maner of mad men, hée did catch at the clothes & pallets with his téeth, and tossed all the bed ouer like a furious body, & without all quietnesse. Such was the great perplexitie & griefe through y^• vehemēcy of the poyson. But first of all we did offer the man to drink this decoction, and we vsed the same to the fourth day, so that we gaue nothing els to eate neyther of meate nor drinke.

Res. of ••leane Barlie brused, of Raisons stoned & brused, ana. p.iiij. of the roofes of Oxe tunge. ℥.iij. of Licorize shauen & somwhat brused, oun••. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Cumin séedes, ounc.ij. of y^e séede of Ormg••um. i. of Peper, C••ssis Lignea, of Castoreum, ana. ʒ.i. of wine of Granates. li.i.ss. Iuiūbes. N.xx. of Prunes fine∣ly cut N.xx. of Parsly rootes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 M.i. Make hereof a de∣coction according to arte in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 li. of r••ine water to the cōsu∣ming of a third part, then let them be strained with a strōg or passion, adding there vnto of Penedise, oun••. iii. of sirope of Roses, et de duabus radice bue fi••e aceto, ana ounc. iii. of Ci∣namon in pouder. ʒj.ss. sach•…•… Rubi. li.ss. make here of your decoction after the fourth day the patient tooke rest, but wée did confirme his strength more and m•…•…, giuing him the broth of birds, in the which Anise, Cassia lingne, & the roots of Parson were, boyled, his woundes also healed better eue∣ry day, so that by the xx. day he was by the healthfull helpe of God throughly restoored.

Annotations of the first Chapter of the sconde Booke.

There is great, difference betwéene the inward wounds of the brea•…•… in that they be either shallow or déepe, for some

reach vnto the hurt and perishing of the bowells or partes within contained, and some without any detriment vnto them, but some difference there is betwéen those 〈◊〉〈◊〉, that reach either to the fore part, or to the backer part of the brest, where hence the Phisition must néedes gather the •…•…∣tentie of his coniecture & fore knowledge, for those woūdes which chaunce in the backer part, are more daungerous and deadlie, for that they chaunce so néere a number of Ner∣ues that spring from the Vertebres, and also for the vicinite of néerenesse vnto the Spine and Midrife.

Communis omnium scriptorum] the common opinion of all writers.

What woundes soeuer ••ea••h vnto the perishing of the inwarde bowelles hath euer beene thought to the greeke and latin writers verie lamentable, but some of them doe seeme more daungerous then other. For the heart being once wounded, can neuer be cured, but the hurt in the Lungues, may yeelde some hope of recouerie. But Galen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hand constantly beleeu••th as it appeareth in his fifth ••ooke de Meth. meden: that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a wounde in for ••ungs be eld∣sed and conioyned within thrée 〈◊〉〈◊〉, They all so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doe fall into supporation of the L••ngs, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a verie consomption. If the Midrife happen to be wounded, it drawes with it •• continuall 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and a phrentie, wherevpō the auntient 〈…〉〈…〉 Phienas a con•…•…eion, and insta••ation of the Lungs, which com•…•…ng ••o supper•…•…tion, killeth presently.

Curations 〈…〉〈…〉 est] out the maner of th•…•… is this,

The opinion of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is double or of th•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this case. There be some that wound presently haue the orifices of the wounds closed and conioyned, least the hart should be opposed or man 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the colonesse of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, & least also by the gaping of the wound, the vitall spirites should seeme to 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Some other Child 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be of the opinion of our aucthor, and follow his ••either.

Perspic•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉] lat it be well marked whether them be any issue of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

This aucthor would haue a man very •…•…fully to sée that the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bring shed in any inward receptac••e of the breast should be taken awaye, which otherwise remayning there, whill bring a man to the supporation of the Lungs before resited. This is Hippocrates opinion in his booke of vlcers, more largely explained by Galen in his fourth booke de Me. meden. which this aucthor expoūdeth thus. That a mā must euer haue regard to the strength of the parry, which if it séeme by two great a flux•• of bloud to be impaired verie much, then present••e it must be stopped.

Petiae oui albo intinctae cum puluiscusis] a fine men cloth dipt in the white of an egge, and laide in with pleageants.

I doe not intend that those pleageants should be verie re∣stringent, for so ye might force that blodd to the region of the heart, and so suffocate the same, as saith Albucrasis.

Sanguinem reprimere] to restraine bloud.

It is well said of him to restraine, or if there be any feare of coniealed or chagulated bloud in the brest, Galen exorteth to giue the sicke to drinke much vineger mixt with wa∣ter, commonly called Poscum.

Signa, bure ab auctoribus obse••anda traduntur] those fignes which of the aucthors are set downe to be obserued.

Many takens are written of by aucthors, namely as for those that are to be marked in the stiuation of the part, or of the matter or ••ubstance that comes from thence, first whe∣ther the hart be in the right, or the left side, or whether their bloud that issueth forth of the wound be blacke or no, or if there come great abundance, or whether it be white and thinne, or frothie, and further it is to be looked into if there bée any difficultly in breathing, or whether anie part of the breath doe passe throng, it he wounde or no, in this the aucthor séemes to imitate Albuerasis.

S•• pino•• diebus] if in the first dayes.

If 〈…〉〈…〉, the parties séemes nothing 〈…〉〈…〉, and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 appeare verie 〈…〉〈…〉 it is an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 expell his corrupt 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 of the drest, wherevpon groweth a supporated app••st•…•… called Empyema. Aegane••a in his books vt consumption of the kings, handieth this ma•…•…er more at large.

¶ Of the curing of fistalaes which are woont alwaies to bee left in the woundes of the brest ill healed, whereof it commeth to passe that the patientes doe fall into a wa∣sting of the lungs, and the feuer Hectica or consumption. Cap. ij.

WE haue found by experience that such hinde of Fistulaes are giuen ouer without all hope of many of but country Surgions, and of straungers, and these remedies for the s••ne which are read of in writers, to lebt forly of nond effec••. And that there hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 none of these Fistulaes brought to vs this fortie yeeres, but that we haue easilie cured them by the helpe of almightie God. For many that haue •…•…ne dise••sed, out of ••alin also and Fraunce, and from all the p•…•…it••es of Spayne, haue come vnto vs, which through w••sids receiued in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, were now ground into this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 nature of Fistulaes, that of the which also great 〈◊〉〈◊〉 continuall 〈…〉〈…〉 abundance of corrupt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 issue of well out of the wound it selfe, as out of thou 〈◊〉〈◊〉 also, continuall sewers, & learnes withall did still accompany them. All this affection of the body is cured within festie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in any manner, without any great trouble of the pacient, and small trouble to the Surgion, and is changed into a verie good health and a strong state of nature, both in the coulour of the fa••e old the good liking of the body to declare the same. Neyther let that

trouble 〈◊〉〈◊〉 because it is knowen euidently that the natural stren••th is almost exhausted and spent through the continu∣all 〈◊〉〈◊〉,or because that there is some bone of the ribbes cor∣rupted. For if that may be conueniently drawen foorth, the vlcers wit••e verie eastly and spoudely restored, the flesh be∣ing brought ouer the place. But if there be no bone corrup∣ted there néedeth no other thing but that, that the vlcer bée cured with laying an a blacke plaister, or our yellow of ••oonine coulour, or with both mixed together. The patciēt himselfe shall cause the same to be oftentimes wiped, and by this meanes vlcers are cured, but of the inward places this is the, order of curing. Let the patient which is to be purged of vs, drinke of this strope thrée or foure daies in the mor∣ning. Rec. Sirupi Rosarum ex infusione, Millis Rosati Cola∣ti, ana. ℥.j. Aquae Scabiosae. ℥.iij. Miss••. Let these pilles be ex∣hibited. Rec. Massae Pillularum Aggregatiuarum, et de Aga∣rico. ana. ʒ.ss. Acuantur cū diagredij. G.iij. et pill. v. formētur. Whou he shalbe thus purged, let this decoction or apozema be made.

• ...Rec. Polipodij, quircinij probe contusi. ℥.ij. vel. iij.
• ...Radicum helenij contusarum. M.ij.
• ...Hysopi, capillorum venoris recentium.
• ...Liqueritiae secundo puluerizati. ana. M.ij.
• ...Folliculorum Sene. p.j.
• ...Epithimi. ℥.ss.
• ...Passularum enucleatarum, bene contusarum. p.iiij.

Let there be made a decoction according to art in xii. lib. of water vntill there remaine viii. lib. afterward let them he strained with a strong expression to the thing strained. let there be added Sachari Rubi. lib.ss. Mellis Comunis. lib.j. Let it boyle a little and skimme it, of this being luke warme, let there bée drunke euerie morning. xii. ounces. And in the euening as much, and when hée hath spent

all his decoction, he sh•…•… purged 〈◊〉〈◊〉 those two pilles de∣fore mentioned. But the next day following, and afterward he shall vse that kinde of decoction made of that holy w••de called Gua••a•…•… sha•…•…en wish a 〈…〉〈…〉 file and so brought vnto pouder. Take 〈…〉〈…〉 of the barke of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wood, not that which •…•…a••e••h so the wood (for the 〈…〉〈…〉 thereof is drawen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and exhausted of the verie 〈◊〉〈◊〉) but of that which is parte•• from she wood, and brought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the newe founde lande df the great Decan. ℥.x. well podded and fifted with a riddle or line, abding therevnto Se•…•…nis Anisi. And of Lettice ana. p.j. Of Licorize brused ℥.ij. And ••et that be put into a po•• un•…•…sed with nitrum in tée inside, containing halfe a Spanish Arroba (that is xij. li. ••. s.) with two cuppes of olde white wine of the natural grape, which by the measure of the olde Phisitions are viij li. Let there be ••nt therevnto also so much of vsuall water, and le•• them infuse a whole day, that is xxiij. houres, after that le•• shem bée boy••ed with a soft 〈…〉〈…〉 a thirde part be con∣sumed. But at the verie point of the last heate, put there to of Roses new or dried. p.j. and of Hermodact•…•… in powder desolued in a Morter, with some of the same decoction. ℥.j. And there withall let them beremoued from the fier when they shall haue boyled a little with one boyling. And let all stande being close couered vntill if be colde, and when they are colde, let them be strained, and let that which is first powred foorth, (being pore and without dregges) be put in a cleane dessell, whereof, as often as he eateth any meate, be shall drinke certaine cuppes, and let the rest be set by suf∣ficiently •…•…ained in a••other vessell. But of this latter drink which is lesse and thicker, let the patient drinke euery day xii. ounces, vi. in the morning, and vi. in the euening. And if it be winter, let it be warmed, if it be Sommer, let it bee cold. But we meane in y^e euening, the second or iii. houre af∣ter noone in the Sommer season. But in the Winter, in the night season 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thirde or fourth houre after Supper.

The vessell is alwaies ••o be •…•…red, that that which is selles may ds troubled and mingled, and so let all be drunk. For the chiefe strength of these medicines is in this. Of the •…•…hor forme and c•…•…ret drinke, let him drink at dinner and supper that which is ••o•…•…cient, for to drink to little is hurt∣full also. And let this be the order of his diet. If he be verie weake, if shall not be hurt•…•… to ea••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the daye the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of birds either fodde or rost, or the flesh of a wether, or kid If he be not able ••o beare the charges of the other, but if he shalbe of a better construction of booie, and of lesse weak∣nesse, let him vse flesh once in the day, but at night let him vse ra•…•… vs & a litte bread; it shalbe good also for those that are in health sometimes to vse Raisons and Almonds all the day, and to abstaine from flesh. Finally, let all these things be ordered by the counsell of a scarned Phi•…•…tion, yet must we be carefull for xii. daies at the least, that he may liue ve∣rie temperately and with a more spanng ••iet, for the absti∣nence of thirtie dayes may easely be borne: neither shall he therefore become the weaker. For the decoction is able of it self•• to nou•…•…sh and to maintaine, and a•…•…o to cause fatneise, as thdugh he vse onely 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Yea, and although also he be diseased of a continu••ll ••euer or consumpcion. But he must ••iterly be forbidden all other drinke; neither, although it séeme vnpleasant at the first time, therefore is it not to be mist••ked, for the third day, or at the farthest the fourth day, he shall finde it more pleasant, and not to be lesse e•…•…emed then any other excellent wine. Therefore we doe commit all the order of the diet to the coun••ell of the Phisition. So that this is to ••e considered, that there is a great force in this drinke to nourish. And although otherwise the pacient haue a great lothsonneffe, yet hereby a great desire of meate is to be moued. Thirtie daies being finished, the pacient may eate flesh twise a day to the forti••h day, it shalbe neces∣sarie that the first thirtie daies continuing he ly still in his bedde, but if he cannot endure so long, in the faire & warme

daies 〈…〉〈…〉 none let him arises 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…ue∣ning let 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉〈…〉 let him so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the colde, but his chamber must 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be shutte and a 〈…〉〈…〉 that the 〈…〉〈…〉 war•…•…e, and the 〈…〉〈…〉 vaile being, •…•…ged 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the dore let him be suffe••ed to vse no other meate if ••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to be healed. But the curing the Fill••lae it selfe shalbe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 throughly and finshed with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 plaister spred and sayde, vpon a linnen, cloth or vpon lether which notwithstanding must oftentimes eueryday be made cleane, for that hel••et•• 〈…〉〈…〉 of this sorte.

• ...Rec. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ...Lithargarii. Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Olei comunis antiqui.
• ...Aceti fortissimi. Ana. lib.ss.

Let them ••oyle with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or gentle, fier stirring the same vp and downe with a sta•…•…e vntill it grow to a smal •…•…cion of a cerote. With this so small a porcion of this Ce∣rote being spred vppon a linnen cloth, the vlcer wilbe hea∣led, which the pacient himselfe shall wi••e and make cleans often times euerie daye. By this meanes he that is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 although he be thus diseased of these Fi••tulaes shall come to be healthfull and well lykeing, and also some what fatter. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 though he were spent with the ••euer Hetica, or consump••ion of the Lungs. And he shalbe as well as euer he was in his lyfe in the powers of all the parts of his bodie, and of all other organs or pipes nutritiues, spirituall, or animall.

¶ A Decoction or Apozema, for the wounds of the brest and Lungs, and for those that are in a consumpcion.

• ...Rec. Hordei mundati, co•…•…tuse.
• ...Passularum mundatarum contusarū. Ana. p.iiij.
• ...Radicoran•• Buglossae, contusae. M.iij.
• ...Glyceryzie ralae, modice controuse. ℥j.ss.
• ...Cardui Benedicti. M.ij.
• ...Seminum Cumine. ℥.ij.
• ...Iuiubas. N.xx.
• ...Prunorum. N.xv.
• ...Radi•…•…m petruselini, contu: M.j.

Let shem be boyled ac••eceding coarte, in xiiii. li. of raine water, to the con•…•…tning of the third part, and lette them be strained with a strong expression. To the which set there be added:

• ...Penidicrum. ℥.lij.
• ...Situpi Rosarum.
• ...et de duabus radicibus sine aceto. Ana. ℥.iij.
• ...Sacohati. lib.ss.
• ...Cinamomi. ℥.j.ss. fiat apozema.

Of the which let him take entrie day in the dauning of the morning xii. ounces, and as many at night, vntil it be all done.

This also is to be noted, that as often as the pacient must drinke, there must be made a mouing and stirring of the De••oction in the vessell, that that, what is sunken into the bottome, may be mingled.

When the Decoction is done and drunke all vppe, lette ther be giu••n him the ••illes of the ma•…•… of the aggrega∣tiues and Agarick, that that, which is commoned and con∣cocted, may be euacuated. For the daye following and af∣•…•…warde, lette there be hadde also in a readinesse, another water with the which he shalbe made whole altogether,

and shall receue a very god estate of the bodie. The prep••∣racion whereoff is in this so•…•….

• ...Rec. L•…•…oi sancst. ill est guai••ci ℥.viij.
• ...〈…〉〈…〉 lignj. ℥x.
• ...Seminum ch•…•…mi. ℥j.ss.
• ...Glyseryze rase modicū ••ontuse ℥.ij.
• ...Passularum enucle••taiuua contdsarum. p.ij.

Let them be ••oyled in ••ii. lib. of water, and as many of ve∣ry good wine to the third, then adde Hermodactilorum. ℥.ij. vere well brused, and 〈…〉〈…〉 in the 〈…〉〈…〉 on, let them 〈…〉〈…〉 which, and lette them be 〈…〉〈…〉 left till the next 〈◊〉〈◊〉 then v••∣ry earely let them be strained, first of the purer water, which is to be set aside in some vessell, this is to be giuen in stéede of drinke at dinner and supper, the rest that retnaineth of the same, let it be strained with a strong orprission and set a side in an other vessell. For of this euerie morning very earely the pacient must drinke vi. ounces; and as many in the eue∣ning: two houres afte•• none, he shall vse y^e former in stéede of drinke at the table, & the same water which is to be made ••edia the second 〈…〉〈…〉 the more force. Let •…•…ter be 〈…〉〈…〉 to the lée••e that romined of the first decoction which must be added and boyled together to the consuming of two posid. For vnto this colatar 〈…〉〈…〉 put to wine for the preparation of the second decoction.

Whiles the pacient drinketh this decoction, let him eats bread and raisons for eight daies & more, except he be weake, for this 〈…〉〈…〉 much 〈◊〉〈◊〉. After that he may-eate flesh euery day 〈…〉〈…〉, at supper let him be contented with Raisons, vntill y^e thirtith day. Then he may eate flesh twise a day, vntill the shrtith day. •…•…it be winter, he must not see foorth of his chamber, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the thirtith daye, which must he very well shu•• and kept warme with •…•…er. By this remedis

the consumed are healed, and such as haue Fistulaes déepe in the brest.

Annotations of the second Chapter.

That kinde of Fistula which the Gréekes call Surynga, is so termed for resemblance it hath of certaine réeds or hol∣low canes: as saith Aeginata, a Fistula is a hollow conca∣uite or corner which in time is inuironed with a hard cal∣lus substāce, so that the parts once seperated, cannot be vni∣ted. Galen in his little booke of Tumor vnnatural saith, that a Fistula for the most part happeneth of an impostume not well healed, & it may happen in any part of the bodie which draw with them peculiar Symtoms, as Celsus and Aetius do testifie in the xiiii. booke. This auctor setteth forth onely the cure of those Fistulaes which fall out by the ill handling & bad curing of wounds in the brest.

Quod si nullum os.] If no bone.

The redy cure is of the simple fistulae, and lately happe∣ned in the flesh, otherwise if a fistula haue hurt either a bone or a gristle, or a muskie, or if it light in any ioynte, or if it chaunce in the bladder, or in the Lungs, or in y^e orifice of the Matrix, or if it happen on any principall veine, or that it pearce any howell, it is euer very perrilous, and often times killeth the partie. As Paulus saith in his vi. booke and 78. Chapter.

Ex ligno sancto,] of Lignum sanctum, or Guaiacum.

This cure is approued and writ by Tagaultius, and ser∣tenlie not without reason, for this kinde of wood hath a most manifest force in drying, and resisteth putrifaction of peculiar vertue, and hath a singular propertie in strength∣ning the part.

All which Scopes and intentions are very requisit in a filthie rootten ulcer of long continuance; as fistulaes com∣moulie are.

Ipsius fistule curatio] of the cure of the same fistulae.

The applicable remedies are verie many.

Which from Galen, Paulus Aetius, and Celsus may bée drawen. I will note vnto you the remedie that Hippocrates writeth in his booke of fistulaes. That the roote of Seselis applied, doth take away the callouse, which vertue Paulus emputeth to the roote of splondilion.

Hecteca febre et ptisi] of the feuer Hecticke, and the Ptisicke.

What the differences of these are, those that haue studied Phisicke can best discerne. I will onely add this y^t an Ague is to the Ptisike alwaies associable, as Marasmus that kind of consumption followeth A Trophia a difect in nourish∣ment as Galen in his booke de Marasmo hath set downe.

What farther this aucthor doth promise, I neyther haue séene nor red protested by any other. For all men hold this generally, that that fistulae that is bredde by corrosion, or fretting, is vncurable, as Hyppocrates in his booke de Glandulis, and Galen in his fifth booke de methodo medendi doth report, that vnlesse this hurt receiue cure within thrée daies, the estate of such are thought desperate and pitifull.

Of the curing of the Canker happening in womens breastes. Cap. 3.

CAncers doe happen most especially to wo∣men, and to those aboue others that are bar∣ren eyther by nature or by election.

Of which sort are Noonnes, & others that haue chosen a continent and single life, they doe happen also to men, but that seldome. The healing of these séemed to vs worthie to sette downe in writing in this booke, because it is a great deale more

easie to those that shall know it well, then as the auncient writers haue set it foorth, where vpon this is a common song euerie where almost among all the Phisitions of our time, that the secret or hidden cancer is not healed at anis time, but if it be to be cured, they iudge it necessarie to vse the pallatiue cure, as they call it, and that it ought not to bée cut off, which thing if it had béene put downe in the cancer exulcerate, if had béene well spoken.

For to such exulcerate cancers the pallatiue cure onely profiteth. For if they bée cured otherwise, a more present and assured daunger is to be feared. For they are woont to bée eaten away and consumed a great deale sooner by lay∣ing to medicines, especially if corrosiue medicines be layd therevnto, or by any meanes it happen any bloud to bée powred out of them.

But to cure the rest which are not erulcerate, it is not so hard a matter as they thinke which doe sette foorth nor teach no cure of cancers at all, nor showe how they may bée drawen foorth, whereas they may notwithstanding bée drawen foorth whole without any daunger, although it happen the same to be great.

But that cure of Cancers which is taught by writers, whereas their intencion is all about resoluing the same, that is altogether without effecte. Which wée haue found verye often to bée in vayne, although wée haue béene di∣ligent in preparing and practising the same with diuers resolutiues.

Which sort of remedies are taught vs of Vigo, and of Celsus, Guido, and others, wherefore howe such manner of cancers maye without harme bée both drawen foorth, and also throughlie cured. I thought it good to put it in writing for the behouse of the common vtilitie, and this is the bréefest order of curing which we shall teach you. First of the whole curing of those cancers which are not exulcerate, and scondly also of those cancers which are exulcerate,

we will (with a verie ercellent palleatiue cure) declare, whereby we haue long prolonged many men and women, and least they shuld for that cause perish, we haue taken de∣ligent care, and inspecially a certaine man a priest we did so preserue aboue xx. yéeres with this kinde of cure, that before he ended his life, he was thoroughlie cured. And when he deceased, he was more then foure score yéeres of age, first at y^e beginning, the most certaine signes of this dis∣ease are the encreasing of these cancers bigger and bigger, for when the same be first bred, they do not excéed the great∣nes of a Chiche, but in a yéere or two or somwhat more, they become greater and harder in féeling.

There are other signes also set foorth of writers which ye may séeke for in their bookes. Therefore when wée will cut foorth the Cancer, we must first of all prepare the diseased body with a purgacion, ministring therevnto such Sirupes for foure or fiue dayes, whose nature is approued concoct, blacke, and adust colour. For of those humours doth this euill first grow and increase. After this some purgati∣on is to be giuen which shall be iudged best to agrée with the complexion of the man. The third daye after the purgation, the second or third houre after dinner, lette two youlkes of egges with the whites be well beaten together, adding ther∣vnto if you please a little Rose water. There shalbe also in a redinesse great plentie of plageants made of the most fine two of flaxe.

Furthermore, small Cusshions or Boulsters, with a roule or fillet fiue fingers broad, and a good porcion also of frise or dags waine, and a great roulling néedle and a good strong thrid and that doubled. Let the pacient be laid bolt vpright either vppon cushions or else vpon a matris. Let there be vppon both sides two other men which maye holde his armes strongely, least by strength and striuing he be a hinderance to himself whiles he is in euring. Let y^e Surgion sit ouer the man, & with his thighes hold in y^e paciēts thighes

his owne knées, being fixed and surely pitched vpon the ma∣tris whereon the man is laid, and let y^e man be naked from the girdle vpward, and a linen cloth redie on both sides, v∣pon which the bloud may runne downe, but the Cancer it selfe hold fast with thy hands, which if it be against the nip∣ple of the brest, it is to be turned aside warely, least the paps should perish when it is cut off, but if it be toward the armepit, it is to be diuerted also, least any of those muscles which rise from the arme-holes, should be perished, or hurt, but when the Cancer shall be thus ordered and caught fast with the left hande, let so much of the skin be opened with a verie fine Rasor, as the Cancer is, let the opening of the skinne be made in length, after that vpon the other side of the Cancer, let the flesh be cut away and seperated, but so the Cancer be not striken.

But if the bloud doe burst out, the place is to be stopped with a little round ball of silke, which (if it be néedefull to be done) let the one of them which holdeth his armes, kéepe downe with his finger, and parte the flesh from the Cancer on the other side. But this péece of worke requireth most spéedie dispatch of the Surgion, yet notwithstanding ioy∣ned with great diligence and héede taking, and materite, least he should offend in any thing vnaduisedly. But when the Cancer is detected on both sides, and parted from the flesh, let him be thrust through with a néedle and thred, let it be committed to one of them that standeth by, of whome it must be holden streite, lifting vp his hande, and to bée turned both on the one side and the other against that part which the Surgion cutteth. But when the Cancer shalbe well seperated on both sides from the other flesh, it is vtterlie to be cutte off from the nether parte, and that with the most expedicion that may bée, putting to our fingers, that the whole Cancer may be perceiued to bée cutte off, and nothing to bée left behynde. And that may be done verie well with that kynde of knife which

the Italian Surgions vse to open Apostumations, the fashion whereof is like the scarifying knife, but it hath a sharpe edge on both sides, but we must vse the edge that is bowed in, and hauing a most sharpe point, for that part doth more commodiously cut of those things which are beneath, and that is done with no hurt either of breaking out of the bloud, or any other thing, and we will that the operation be so swift that there be more delaye in thrusting the cancer through and in knitting the thrid, then in plucking out of the same. When the cancer is vtterly cut off and drawen away, we must search diligently that there be nothing left behinde in the body thereof, but it is so hard, that that thing is seldome to be feared, when all things are dispatched, let all the bloud which was in the wound be diligently wipte away, and foorthwith put in Pleageants dipt in the white of an egge, but yet so that they be not to hard pressed toge∣ther, to augment the griefe of the pacient, neither is the place within wholely to be stopped with ouer thicke thrust∣ing in of pleageants: then is the place artificially to be boūd vp with conuenient rowling and boulsters.

The next daye after at the same time he is to be opened, & to be dressed with a digestiue, or with y^t our balme whose effect is great to concocte, mundifie, and to enduce fleshe, which is done by anointing the place with a fether gently, adding there vnto dried lints, yet not to hard pressed together, that the flesh may by little and little grow together, and close vppe.

But aboute the wound it selfe, and on the pappe there must bée added a defenciue confected of Rose water, waxe and Bole Armoniacke, but with the vse of that Balme which wée haue tolde you off, the wound will most spedilie be cured, and the flesh brought ouer and hea∣led, but vppon the Balme, wée put the plaister Basi∣licon spred vppon linnen cloth. At the last when the flesh shalbe sufficientlie enduced, the place is to bée dressed

with drie lints and Basilicon layed thereon or the plaister called Leoninum, or of the plaister compounded of Gummi Elemij, but whatsoeur plaister it be, it is to be wiped and made cleane oftentimes euerie day, but for the vlcered Can∣cers there is no other cure but the pallatiue, for whatsoeuer thou shalt laye there vnto it will hurt greatlie, but in this kinde of Cancer this is the order of curing, let him which is troubled with this disease at certaine times in the yéere when it shall séeme good, be purged.

After that euerie moneth let him vse two or thrée pilles purging blacke choler, in the night about that season that hée goeth to rest. But those Pillula are best de fumarie, vel de Heleboro, vel de Lapides lazuli, vel Epithimi, vel Fetidae, or those which are de nitro set forth by Alexander Tralianus, for by these, the body is kept pure, and the hu∣mour is rather deminished then increased, but in the wounde it selfe wée put vnguentum Pompholiogos, or that which is set foorth of Iohn Vigo in his Antidotary, we vse that with out lints spred vppon a linnen cloth, for we do find that the little thrides of the lint doe hurt, for if they cleaue somewhat to the wound, they make it bléede, & the same bloud doth hurt. Finally, this vnguent chieflie is that which we haue alwaies founde most auailable for this purpose.

• ...Rec, Olei Rosati, olei Omphacini. Ana. lib.ss.
• ...Sepi hircini, et vitulini.
• ...Vnguenti Rosati, et populionis, Ana. ʒ.ij.ss.
• ...Succi acetosie, Ana. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Vini Granatorum. ℥.ij.ss.

Lette them all boyle with a soft fier euen to the consu∣ming of the ioyces and wine, then lette them be strained, adding thereto:

• ...Ceruse. ℥.ij.ss.
• ...Lythargyri. ℥.v.
• ...Plumbi vsti, Antimonij. ana. ʒ.x.
• ...Tutiae Alexandrinj. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Camphorae puluerizati. ʒ.j.
• ...Cerae Albae. q.s.

And let there be made a soft plaister, that is to say the waxe being molten with the oyles, and let the minerals be put in a cullender, driuing the substance of the vnguent, two houres with a pestle in a leaden morter. And this is the best medicine of all others in this kinde of cure.

Annotations of the third Chapter.

That disease which is called the Leprosie, corrupting or infecting the whole body, if the same light in any one part of the body, it is termed a Canker. As Galen saieth in his second ad Glauconem, you must vnderstand that this name of Canker among Phisitions hath diuers significations, and beareth the name of two seuerall diseases, namely a swel∣ling Canker, as well growing in the outward part, as in the inward part of the body, lurking and as it were ling∣ring. The other, is an vlcered Canker alwaies créeping, fret∣ting and gnawing.

Of both these kinds this aucthor handleth in this Chap∣ter.

For both these kindes procéede of Melancholy, or of a Melancholy ioyse much like as liées séeme to wine, and dregges to oyle, I meane the like difference and compari∣son is betwéene Melancholy in respect of pure blood. Galen in his xiiij. booke de Therapeutica, handleth this question more largely.

Cancri Feminis] Cankers to women.

That question is intreated oft by Celsus, but cankers hap∣pen to those men chiefelie whose accustomed hemerhoids and purging of Melancholy, that wa•• is surprised, as Galen reporteth in his second booke ad Glauconem.

Vnde illud] where hence that.

It may seeme meruailous wherefore or by that memanes the aucthor should here séeme to alter the cure of both Can∣kers as well vlcerate as not vlcerate. For the vlcerate can∣ker requireth that maner of cure which is done by excision or cutting out. The other nothing so, as Hippocrates teach∣eth in his vi. booke of Aphorismes. 38.

For saith he, it is better not to séeke to cure the Canker that lurketh or lieth still, for by curious curing of that can∣ker, the partie most commonly is kilde. Whereas if they had béene let alone, life might longer haue béene protracted. Experience daylie confirmeth this very well.

For as Galen saith in his Comentary, it hath béene ap∣prooued that those that haue attēpted those cankers by sec∣tions, or searing, hath rather stirred them to more malig∣nite, and so in short time hastened their endes.

For doth not our aucthor cure those cankers which bréede in the superficiall or outward partes of the body by cutting. Which Auicen alloweth off & Galen before his time, but not the lurking or hidden cankers, hée cureth in that manner.

Cura Palliatiua] a pallatiue cure.

We call a pallatiue cure. That wherein we presently haue respect vnto the paine. For sometimes the Phisicion must conuert all his indeuour to appeasing of the accident and simptoma, and not vnto the cause in cases of great, ex∣tremitie. As Galen warneth, and I would haue that obser∣ued which Paulus mencioneth in his 67. Chapter of his third booke.

That wée must minister medicines that ass wage paine

in cankers that remay•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the m•…•…d part of the body, as the d••co••ider of common 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and March Mai 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Nanque huiusemods canci•…•…] for in such cankers.

Now the ancte, haudieth onely those cankers which lurke and are hidden in inward partes of the body as here after shall appeare.

Qu•• a 〈…〉〈…〉] what due of can∣kers is appointed by anothers.

For by reason of the thickinsse of the humor it neither can be repelled nor scattired. And so great is the malignite or venum of that desease, that gentle remedies••an nothing preuaile. And vehement thinges rather prouoke it to more bitternes. As fat or wide breake into f••ame, by •…•…ious and scorching ••er.

Igitur vbi cancrum] when you will cure a canker.

Now the aucthor goeth about to shew you, the maner of cure of that canker which is done by Chiruegery, which Galon alloweth in his xiiij. booke de Meth. medeo: approued by his owne wordes as follow. If at any time you will goe about to cure a canker by Chirurgery, you must beginne by purging and auoiding me lauchaly humours. And when ye haue quite rooted out the corruption of that humor, so that no part renaine thereof, and that some flux of bloud doe seeme to follow, yet shall ye not stoppe it suddenly, but ra∣ther séeme to presse or straine the partes néere adioyning, that the grose and thicke bloud may bée from them expelled also.

Now may ye cure other vlcers in like maner. It séemed good to produce these places out of Galen, that the reader might vnderstand how, ready the aucthor coulde call these auncient aucthorities to memorie, that other Chirurgians might studie to doe the like.

Exulceratis cancris] in vlcered cankers.

Séeing we haue spoken alredy of those cankers which grow without any vlcer, it shall not be inconuenient if

wée somewhat touch those that be contrary. In an vlcered canker beside the paine, the hardnesse, and the vlcered fret∣ting humor, and the inequalities of vlcers that doe appeare yet there flowes from thence on euerie side both out of the swelling lippes, some ingratfull filthie corruption bréed of the combining of many putrified humors, both fulsome to smell, and lothsome to behold. These things we must ende∣uour gently to shadow and lenefie, all those intencions wée must thus purpose. First purge melancholy with Epithemū verie gently, then if yéeres and strength permit, draw some bloud, and that discretly. Afterward, purge againe melan∣choly and that verie gently. All this done, procéede to stron∣ger purgations.

Appoint a spare dyet, and of those thinges that are most opposite to melancholy. Administer to the partie the ioyce of nightshade or Diapompholiges.

Recepit olej rosacei]

This medicine Galen vseth against the vlcers called A∣•…•…ora, following therein the aucthoritie of Apolonius in his first booke de pedum doloribus. And Theodoricus hath vsed the same in cankers, wherevpon this aucthor reduceth it in∣to his owne practise.

Of wounds in the bellie and the parts thereof, with penetra∣cion and without, Cap. 4.

WHatsoeuer wounds are made in the bellie, which notiwhtstanding doe not hurt nor yet penetrate the members contained in y^e same, those I say if they be rightly cured are with∣out all daunger, except those which are taken about the nauell within two or thrée fingers bredth, to the which there may happen much hurt by reason of those eight sinowes which reaching to the Nauell, doe

come through those p••ates. And also those wounde•• which are taken in the h••nder p•…•… of the bellie nigh the backe doe bring some daunger, although they doe not penetrate, for it may be that those Neru••s, which haue thir beginning from the Nuca be hurte. Therefore it shoulde wisedome to feare of such woundes, for they are woom sometimes to bring d•…•…th. But of the other woundes, although they doe penetrate, yea and although they doe disclose the zirbe and beweils, so that the same vs not perished, there is no daunger to bée feared, so that they be well cured, but when the members contained in the bellie haue recoaued hurte, there is presēt dan̄ger. Yet it doth happen oftentimes notwithstāding that many bée deliuered. Therefore of those woundes which haue brought no hurt to those partes, this is the curs. The bowelles which doe appeare or hang foorth, and the zirbe also is first of all to be washed with a decoction Vini Came∣mille, Melliloti, Absinthij, aneti, Rosarum. And afterward to be brought and redueed into their owne place, but the part of the zirbe which hangeth foorth, is yet to be drawen far∣ther out somewhat, and vpon that part as it is equall with the skinne of the bellie, it is to be bounde fast with a sure thred, with that knot that is called Suillus, or the swines knot, or the chifterling knot, for it is a very sure knot, the which doth not slip at any time, but aboue the knot let the zerbe be out off halfe a singers bredth, and let the section be cauterized with a hot iron vntill it almost touch the knot, and let it be put in againe straight waies, and some parte of the string be left hanging foorth, but if the Ori∣fice of the wound be somewhat great, let it be artifically stitched vp, leauing an orifice whereby the ligature may come foorth, and the cure finished. But of the foure waies whereby writers doe teach how those parts called Mirach & Sipach, ought to be sowed vp, all that is most allowed of vs, and by daylye practise and vtilitie most commended, that is to say, that first Mirach and Siphach being thrust through

with y^e néedle on thone part, Mirach onely be thrust through on tother part, and let these thrée be fastened with a knot, and then let the thrid be cut, and of that part where their worke is begun, let Mirach onely be thrust through, Siphach being left, but on the other part Mirach and Siphach being thrust through, let the second knot be made, and the third stitch and then the fourth, and so foorth vntill the worke be finished. And so by this meanes Mirach and Siphach are ioyned best together, so that neuer afterward the bowells can start foorth any moore vpon that part, which thing often∣times hath bene founde to happen, except the cure be done, as we haue toulde you. When these thinges are thus dulie done, the white of eggs well beaten together is to be put thereto, neither shall it be néedefull to vse any tent, the place whereoff that Ligature wherewith Zirbus is bounde vp together doth supply. But the next daye after the wound is to be dressed with a Flammula dipt in that our balme, whose force is to concoct, to munditie, and to bring ouer the flesh. Laying thereon the emplaister Basilicon Macistrale or Minium, for both those are very good. But this is to be confidered both in great wounds, and also in small, for those that are somewhat narrow must be concocted and digested also as well within as without. But it shall not be néede∣full to vse either oyle of Roses or any other oyle. The third day after or at the farthest the fourth day, the Ligature doth slake of his owne accord. And if then the corrupcion doe not abound, it shalbe sufficient to vse one of those emplaisters, if there shalbe any matter, it is to be wiped away oftentimes in the daye, and by this meanes the cure shalbe dispatched within the xv. day, but in the very first beginning of y^e cure, it shalbe conuenient to let bloud, according to the disposition or state of the pacient, and to giue him Sirupi Rosarum ex infusione, cum Aqua Plantaginis, & let the order of his diet be slēder, w^t a little bred, but not very much water is to be gi∣uen him, & the same to be decocted with an hot glowing iron.

But if besides the wound of the bellie, if shall happen any of the bowells to be broken, and the same of the smaller forte which are on the right side aboue the nauill, all those things which soeuer they be, are iudged of all auctors dead∣ly, and so for the most parte we must beleue, of the which sor••e it happened ••ée to haue one onely he therto in ••ure, whose small guttes were broken, but he dyed the fourth daye: but of ohters to whome it happened the greater guts to be perished, we haue cured thrée being wounded in the gut called Colon. And the fourth, the gut Longanon being hurt. Of these one had the gut Colon broken in thrée places, yet all of them by Gods help were restored before the twen∣eith day. All these bowells we did so••e vp with a needle and thri•• with that kinde of sti••ch which the glouers doe vse. I did vse also towards them all that kinde of curing which is deliuered vnto vs by Iohn Vigo, which we doe iudge best of all others if a man vse it well and with a pleasant deli∣cate hand. We haue therefore folowed all his precepts, this onely thing excepted, that wee haue giuen no meate, and haue vsed the Pocion onely ••este foorth by him, for that wée did consider those whome we hadde in cure to be somewhat strong and of a more ••ustie nature, and able enough to abide from meate.

For out of Spaine we would not enterprise to vse so thinne a dyet, where both the meates are weaker a great deale, and their bodies more delicate. And lesse apt either to take much meate, or to take none at all. But the decoction is of this sort.

• ...Rec. Pomor. citonior. mūdatorū et subtilite incisorū. N.iiij.
• ...Caudae equ••nae, lumach, myrtillorum. Ana. M.iij.
• ...Rosarum p.ij. Baulastiarum. ℥.ss.

Lette them be boyled in sixtéene pounde of Raine water, to the consuming of a third parte, then sette be added

therevnto:

• ...Thuris, Masticis, Sarcacollae. Ana. ʒ.iij. Croci. ℈.ij.

Then lette them be strained with a strong expressi∣on, adding thereto:

• ...Mellis Rosati colati, et sirupi Rosati. Ana. ℥.vj.
• ...Tragaganti puluerizati. ℥.ss.
• ...Sirupi Mirtillorum. ℥.iiij. Fiat decoctio. S.A.

This Pocion wée vsed for meate and drinke, and also for medicine to consoldiate the inward parts. On certaine of those men wheras he nothing else for the space of twelue dayes, did notwithstanding easily beare it. After these things we did giue the broth of a bird boyled in the same water: many times we did alow also to the broth a little cromme or porcion of bread, (the Italians call it Panatella,) when we did perceiue it to be néedefull, by this meanes we did cure a certaine priest also, whiles he was in the Church re∣caued a wound with a Lance, méeting by chaunce certaine men which sought another being their enimie, and lying hid in the temple, and thought the priest to be the same. But the wound was made in the bellie in the vppeer parte on the right side.

Wée cured two also, one hauing his Liuer broken, the other his Spléene, and a third hauing his bladder broken which dyed the third daye. All the rest by Gods help were saued, who himselfe is the author and helper of medicine. But there séemed to vs a certaine thing worthie, which wée should not passe ouer with silence. For it maye minister ar∣gument and matter to sette foorth the wisedome and mercie of God, as all other things doe, which haue so great force of nature, and so great efficacie to be in his creatures.

There happened a thing at Guadalupa, I my selfe being presēt, in the yéere of our Lord God, 1516. And thus it was.

There came a certaine foolish desire vppon one of the ser∣uants of that Monastaire, (who had the charge to keepe the Gotes whiles he was in the ••elde) to thrust into the cun∣dute of his yarde a stalke of corne with the eare. The eare was now dri•• and all the corne b•…•…ten out, and he did shew me that whiles he did thrust it in, he felt no griefe at all, but when he would haue pluckt it out againe, he could not, be∣cause the beard of the eare being fastened in the flesh he was meruailously grieued, at the length he thought it better to thrust it all forward, then to draw foorth y^e part which was thrust in. And within few daies that it came through into his bladder. But when a whole yéere and a halfe he selt no griefe, he thought it conuerted into water, that he made. Af∣ter that time he began to be troubled with an impostume in the lest thigh. For the curing whereof he came to the hospi∣tall of that Monasterie which was appointed for the curing of the poore. In which place whiles he was in curing, and the impostume was now ripe and opened of vs. It happe∣ned that vpon a certaine daye in the morning when we had made cleane the wound, by chaunce we saw a hull in the ve∣ry vlcer, but I thinking the same to haue bene mingled in with the lints the day before, and so to haue sticken fast to the flesh, did cause it to be taken away with the Mullets, and at the last the stalke with the eare did most easely sollow as I drew it. But all we the Phisitions being amased at the straungenesse of the thing, and also others that stoode by, wée could not gesse what that matter should meane, vntill that olde man being noued with our talke, lifting vp his head, & seeing the eare sticking in the foreceps, said vnto mée. I my selfe did thrust it into my yarde, a yéere and a halfe since, and so declared all the whole matter, how it was done, and the times in which it was altogether thrust in: In which place great admiracion came vpon vs, and most especiall occasion to praise the diuine prouidence, for thus God prouided for the man, that the skinne of the bladder should be broken by

little, and little, and so should expell the eare from the blad∣der being broken, to the flesh that was next, and after that the skinne of the bladder should come together, and the flesh being impostumated should ripen, and the unpostumation being ripe and cured, the eare should come foorth, and at the length within very fewe dayes the olde man should be deli∣uered, for he was throughly cured.

Annotations of the fourth Chapter.

Those wounds discussed which concerne the vpper belly, he hasteneth to those which concerne the nethermost. Hippocrates in his second booke of the order of diet in sharp and daungerous discases, deuideth the bellies into two, con∣taining the vppermost by the Middriffe, the other, by the cell called Omentum. The learned Chirurgions deuide them into three, that is co saye the vppermost, the middlemost, and the nethermost. Whereof the first two agrée with the other deuision, the third comprehendech the ventricles of the braine. For this cause looke Alfonsus Ferrius, in his third booke de Scolopatorom vulneribus.

Ab huiusmodi ergo:]

These wounds must be deuided, as we haue done those of the brest. Either they doe hurte the inward parts or not. If the inward, the stomake, the liuer, y^e splene, or y^e bowels. If the inward partes be wounded they are veny deadly, as witnesseth Hippocrates in his vi. boke of Aphorismes, if the bladder &c. If those inward parts be not hurt, although the wound be inward, it is lesse daungerous. But if on the hin∣der part ther be any wound receaued that perceth inwardly, it is the more perillous, for the affinitie of the Vertebres, the Spine bone, and Nerues that spring from thence the case is not a like in the fore-parts of the bodie, all circumstances considered.

Igitur eorumque.] Therefore of those which.

This maner of cure is set downe by Albucrasis, and is

very worthie of noting, that in all wounds it is very profi∣table that there be some flux of bloud, sauing onely those in the belly which Hippocrates excepteth in his booke of vicers. Which place we thus expound, least we should seeme to speake that which is contrarie to our selues in our treatise of wounds of the brest. Hippocrates feareth least by the great plentie of bloud which breaking foorth of the ori•…•…re of the wound, should fall downe into the nether region of the belly, it should bréede very many inconueniences. For as he saith in an other place, whensoeuer any vnnaturall issue of bloud chaunceth to fall into the belly, the same must néedes come to suppuration. For bloud being out of the veines lo∣seth both naturall qualitie and vertue, as Galen testifieth. Wherefore wounds of the belly are in that place to be vn∣derstoode. Those which reach to déepely in any inwarde part, whether it is to be feared least the bloud issuing will presēt∣ly conuay it selfe. But those wounds that chaunce in any outward part of the belly, require no especiall eu••e, but must be héedefully looked vnto for feare of inflamation, & so must suffer a sufficient issue of bloud as well as other parts, by which meanes they are safely cured and free from danger.

Tictus autem ratio tenuis.] A spare kinde of diet. You must not onely obserue an order in diet, but also a reason of your medicines where in you may be directed by Galen in his fourth booke of Methode of curing.

Of wounds, simple and compound, Cap. 5.

ALl gréene wounds generally in whatsoeuer part they are made, except those which are made in the head, are wont to be cured of our vnexpert Surgions and practicioners after one sorte and with like remedies, whe∣ther the same be simple or compound.

Yet I doe not deny but that there are in Spaine many learned Surgions whō the knowledge of the arte, industry, and faithfull dealing hath made worthie of all commendati∣ons, but all the rest for the most part besides these, doe vse one order, all one sa•…•…ues, and doe take one waie which they think that by no meanes els any man may or ought to passe. That thing trulie commeth héereof because neither they vnderstand those thinges which they haue read, nor yet account it good to aske of them which doe vnderstand, nether do they thinke it conuenient or honest to aske coun∣sell of those that are better learned, neither to séeke to them that are more expert, and to folow them as guides. But oftentimes it commeth to passe that to such kinde of men their cure doth not prosper according to their minde, in which thing when all there common remedies being assay∣ed are in vaine, this one thing is a common refuge at the last for them all, that they send men awaie being spoiled of their mony, with a plaister of Diacilon which they call Socrocium, as if they were vtterly whole.

And would to God the same reward of their vnperfect cure, did not passe the estimation of a most perfect cure: we haue séene many of that sorte of men which do not cease to set foorth with great bragges such their cures, or rather corruptions, declaring their names to whom they haue done the same. But the fault of this mischiefe is in the publique Maiestrates. But how all such woundes are wont to be cured of them, is especially to be noted of vs. Whether the wound therefore be made with sword or lance, they dis∣pach their first cure with stitching.

but some of them are so hard hearted in this pointe, and so cruell, that they hurt more with sowing, then he that gaue the wound with stricking. For vsing grosse needles they doe take more holde of the flesh then nedeth a great deale, the orifices of the wounds being wrested from their course, they leaue mumled together after that they haue made their knotes. For the skin is by this meanes closed to the skin, but not the flesh to the flesh, because they place the skin in the midest betwéene the flesh, and many times also they take vp the skinne so lightlie and from the very vtter∣most side, that the orifice of the wound doe not ioyne.

For the extreme partes being set together, the rest re∣maine hollow and emptie, by these and suth like meanes, their first cure is alwaies finished

But if it happen by chaunce that any bones be cut, albeit all be not loosed, yet doe they vtterly draw foorth the same with no small griefe to the patient, but with verie great hurt vnto him, abusing that sentence common among them (but not well vnderstoode) to cut of the superfluitie, And also if any of the flesh be cut and yet not cleane cut off, they notwithstanding cut it cleane away, affirming that it is not to be receiued of nature, and espetiallie if the woūd bee in the hand, although part of the fingers doe in some part cleaue fast vnto the flesh and the bones being cut, they alwaies cut it off.

For they thinke that it cannot be by any meanes, that the bone being cut may grow together. And thus they vse their crueltie also, if the hand where it is anexed to the arme be cut or wounded, and yet not cleane stricken off or the foote, or any other of the members of the whole body. They make their second cure in all kinde of woundes with a digestiue of oyle of Roses and an egge. Furthermore the stitchings & sowings which are made of them in simple wounds they do so neglect, vntil they of thēselues do breake out y^e flesh, & so as wel by digestiues as with great abūdance

of oyle of Roses, oyle of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••aid thereunto, and that many after their 〈…〉〈…〉 with stitchings and sow∣ings, of a simple wound, they make a compound. And also with great detriment and losse of the substance, they bring vlcers. And for that cause also in the wounds which are cu∣red of them in the face, there is a fowler deformitie left of the ••kar••es, by reason of the sowing then of the wound it selfe. But after that they haue vsed their digestiues so long together, that the place it selfe cannot onely be concocted and digested, but also doth beginne to ••utrifie, then they put to very much (yea ouer much) Mell Rosarū to clense the same, and power in thereof largely. They doe adde also lints with Basilicon. But if the wounds (because they are putrifi∣ed being corrupted by them) are not sufficiently nor soone enough mu••dified with Mell rosarum, then it is a solemne matter among them to put thereto Vnguentum Apostolo∣rum, being the verie last refuge of their blinde ignorance. And this they vse a long time. But forasmuch as the force and nature of this oyntment is hof, and ex••lcerating, and al∣so too redy to eate, it cometh to passe that (the humor being drawen to much to the place) the woundes may rather bée called rotten and filthie then gréene, and especially if such order of diet be giuen, as we haue vnderstoode to be giuen of many which were had in estimation, who whereas they had no certaine or constrant eyther arte, or reason or know∣ledge of things wholesome or hurtfull, yet following their owne wills, haue so wrought of themselues, that the same partes where the woundes are, be inflamed, and in diuers other places doe chaune and breake foorth, and so of a small euill is made a great.

Therfore all gréene woundes in what part of the bodie soeuer they bee made, be they great or small, or else shalbée in the ioynt or in any other parte of the whole body, may be healed by that meanes which is set foorth by vs, with lit∣tle or no griefe at all to the pacient, and with little trouble

of the Surgion; and without any fear•• at all of hurtfull pangs, I trust that the knowledge of this thing in••ented by vs to the vtilitie of men, & by very often experim̄te appro∣ued, shalbe well taken of all men. GOD the a•…•…thor of all good thinges enstructing, vs, in finding out and disposing of which thing wée haue followed nature as our giude. If the wounde be small, and it shalbe thought necessarie that it bée closed with the office of the néedle, let the stitches bée made in fleshie places, and not in the sinewes, and by and by let there be laide therevnto the white of an egge vpon flax, but first the bloud must be suffered to auoid foorth, for that, if it bée not too much, is found to doe good, but in such small woundes, except they be in the ioyntes, ye must not put any linen cloth, but being sowed (together and dressed with an egge, they must be well bound vp. But the next day they are to be cured in this order. (So it be not in the face, for we haue spoken of those things in their place) let the woūd be anoynted gently with a fether with that oyntment so of∣ten repeated of vs for the vtilitie of men, called Balsamum being melted. After that let there be laide on, the plaister Basilicon called Maiestrale, without any lintes, but spred vpon linen cloth, the discription whereof is in Iohn Vi∣go.

The next day following there shalbée found good matter, and perfectly wrought, and in this sorte shall the cure pro∣céede vntill the flesh bée perceyued to be gathered euer, and then let the stitches bée cut and plucked away, and it shalbe throughly healed with that plaister Basilicon being often times in the day made cleane and wiped, but if it shal séeme good, ye may vse that which is called the blacke play∣ster: But if the wound be great, first of all it must be sowed vp in that order as we haue set foorth. And in the lower part of the wound to leaue an orifice, whereinto is to bée put your flamula, dipt in the white of an egge, laying also on the wound linen clothes dipt in the same. But the next

day, it shalb•• vsed 〈…〉〈…〉 the contrary side, and giue him for the space of sixe or eight daies follow∣ing sirupe of Roses, with water of Pl•…•…eine, and if the case shall so require, purge, let hun vse a thinne diet all those day•…•…, as Rais••ns, Almonds, and a little bred, costed Apples, or the Apples called Pepins, which thou mayest giue him raw 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and other meates 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like sortes, but giue him water decoct with Barly, and put in the decoction Ani∣se, and let him drinke after dinner and after supper onely. But if the man shalbe of a weaker nature, he may eate once a day of a Cockrell or a Pullet. But the curing of the wound is of this sort.

First of all, * 1.4 let there bée laide thereto plaisters which the next day after they shalbe drie, and cleaue fast,let them be sowed together, and at the second you shall vse your fla∣•…•…a dipt in that our Bu•…•…e liquified, and put into the ori∣fice which is le••t for the purging of the wound laying ther∣on the plaister Bas••licon 〈…〉〈…〉, being spred vpon a linen cloth, or that plai••ter which is called Gracia Dei. And so let the cure procéede vntill the seuenth or eight day. For in this time the concoction, clensing, and bringing to∣gether of the flesh, is woont to de finished.

But when the flesh is brought ouer, and the brimmes of the woundes doe conioyne on both sides, we remooue the plaisters, that which remayneth in the cure, wee finish with a plaister of Sinople, or the blacke plaister, or of Leonine coulour so called, or which is best in this kind, with like por∣tions of blacke and Leonine mingled together. And ye must clense the wound ond plaister tenne or twelue times euerie day, according to the quantitie of the matter that is made, but the skarre is to bée couered, as it is accustomed with the pouder of burnt Atome, and dry lintes.

And when the skinne is nowe perfecte, and the skarre abated, it shall bée conuenient to comforte the place with the plaister called comfortatiue, which is described of Iohn

Vigo in hi•• Auti•…•…rie 〈…〉〈…〉 doth 〈…〉〈…〉 this behalfe, which thing 〈…〉〈…〉 in 〈…〉〈…〉 them all doth not perfo••me: Therefore in that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which was haue taught you, all woundes as well the small 〈◊〉〈◊〉 also the gre•…•… are most casili•• cured, without much inflamation of the member.

Neyther is it •…•…efull to anoynt the member with oyle of Roses, or with any other oyle at all. For as I haue sayd, there is no cause to feare any ouermuch inflamation. But in the beginning ot the cure, it shalbe expedient to lay there∣vnto a defensiue of B•…•…e A•…•…cke, or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 linen cloth wet in vineger, adding thereunto a double quantitie of water, and when that in dried vp it must be wet agayne.

If the wound bée made in the s••nowie places, as are the handes, the féete the ioyntes, vs the heades of the muskles, then is it to be cured in this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ssoone as y^e gréene wound shall come to ••our 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and ye shall finde that there is too much bloud issue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the wounde, let bée spred a linen cloch vpon the wines, and 〈…〉〈…〉 your finger, let rest•…•…nt of the bloud be made so lo•…•… vntill it be stayed. But if vs perceiue that it hath bl••d as yet but a little, it is profitable that ye let it issue a little more▪

We haue learned that as well by experience, as also by &c authoritie of 〈…〉〈…〉 saith he the course of bloud, in moderate quantitie is or pe••ient in vlcers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by this meanes, the member is not inflamed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Let the woundes after this be set together with néedle and thred, but yet so that the néedle ••ée not thrust in déeper then is suffi••ient, nor yet in much of the shinne taken vp, but let them so agrée to that the co•…•…issures may little bée conioyned.

But if any of the sinewes be cut, let thē be i••yned & aptly set together but so that they be not fou••hed of any ne•…•…. For ther is danger of most certain grief in y^e part, and also a con∣vulsiō especally to be feared he shal neuerthelesse be cured,

nay, the member therefore shall lesse escape if the sinewes be sowed. And some small orifice is to be left beneth wher you may vse your ••lamula dipt in the white of an egge: but vpon the verie stitches let there be layd péeces of lin∣nen cloth dipt in the whites of egges, and so bound vp. But if it be the hand or the finger, some flat thing is to be made fit in such wise that the member it selfe may be left stretched foorth, notwithstanding the wound being made, in the lower part, nedeth not any flat thing or table, but the member is so to be ordred, that it be suffered to be a little pluckt in, & the hand halfe closed together. For by this meanes the si∣newes which are beneath shall more easely ioyne one to a∣nother, for the hand being stretched ont, they neither can be ioyned nor yet made agréeable one with another.

Furthermore the letting of bloud, which shall séeme ne∣cessarie, is to be procured, and the member it selfe, because it is sub••ect to fretting and suffering of griefe, bicause the place is full of sinewes, is to be prepared with this defensiue.

• ...Rec. Olei Rosati, et Myrthini, Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Olei Camomillini. ℥.j.
• ...Boli Armoniaci. ℥.ij.ss. et cum cera. q.s. fiat Em:

This is to be laide to, that it be distant from the wound foure fingers, but beneath there is none to be laide too. For they which shall lay any to beneth, shall erre greatly. After this the wound is to be bound vp as we haue taught you. That oyntment of Balme shall addresse the second cure, a little linnen cloth dipt in the same, and put in by the orifice, and the whole wound ano•…•…ed with a ••ether with the same Balme liquified. And vppon all this a cerote to be put being spred vppon somewhat a broder porcion of linnen cloth, in which kinde and also in others, we finde this of all others to be a most present remedie.

• ...Rec. Olei Rosati, Violati, et Cammomillini, Ana. ℥.ij.
• ...Axungiei Galina•…•…i.
• ...Medulle Crun••m Vituli. Ana. ℥.j.
• ...Vermium Terestriū, Vinu Nigro Lotorum. ℥.ij.
• ...Butiri Recentis. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Mucilaginis Althec. lib.j.

Let them all boyle together to the consuming of y^e mu∣cilage, then let them be strained adding therevnto.

• ...Lythargirij Subtiliter Triturati. ℥.v.
• ...Minij. ℥.vj. et cuma cere al••e. fiat Eempl.
• ...cum Terebinthinae. ℥.ij.ss. Masti••is. ℥.j. fi••t.

It is very profitable for all gréene woundes. And by this meanes the corrupt matter is best concocted, and draw∣en foorth, and the flesh at length agiane without any daun∣ger or displeasure of violent pangs, and without all ranck∣ling also of those parts where the wound is made. When the wound shalbe now sufficientlie mundified, and the fleshe well brought againe, let there be put to the blacke plaister, or the Leonine plaister, or both com•…•…ed together: which is to be made cleane oftentimes euery daye. And by this meanes the skinne is conioyned most easily, and also most spéedely brought together.

I thinke it good also to adde the composition of those plai∣sters, which are so greatly commended and al••wed of vs.

Leoninū Empla∣strum.

• ...Rec. Cerusae. ℥.iij.
• ...Olei Rosati. lib.ss.
• ...Vnguenti Basiliconis. ℥.j.

Let them all boyle together with a soft fire to the point of a cerote, after that let there be added. Veridis eris pulueri∣zati. ʒ.iij. And let them boyle againe vntill they receaue a yelow coulour or somewhat Lion tawn•• red, and so make vp your Cerote.

Empla∣strū Ni∣grum.

• ...Rec. Lythargirij. lib.j.
• ...Olei Antiqui.
• ...Aceti fortissimi. Ana. lib.iij.

Let them be mingled in Caccola, vntill they be thick, and afterwards let there be made a plaister at the fier, but after the wound is healed the member it to be comforted with the plaister comfortatiue whether it be the hand, or any such place, or any part that néedeth strength or restitu∣tion, we are able to report that this plaister which we wor∣thely call the Comfortatiue plaister, and which we haue vsed this fe••tie yéeres and more is verie profitable both for this kinde, and also for ••uring of fra••ures and dislocations, and to ease the griefe of all the members.

The descripcion whereof vs shall finde in the ende of the booke.

Annotations of the fifth Chapter.

Our auctor héere séemeth to agrée with the Arabians in distinguishing a wound from an vlcer, for they will haue a woūd to be a fresh solution of continuite, blouddie and with out any matter.

An vlcer is termed to be a solution of continuitie, con∣ioyned with matter. As Auerroise faith in his second and third booke, but the Gréekes and those that haue interpri∣ted their workes in Latin doe confound those two solutions of continuite, and would haue them signifie both one, as

the diligent reader may more playnely obserue. The dif∣ferences of wounds are to bée noted from the di•…•…rs man∣ners and meanes of solutions of con••i••uitie which A•…•…icen•• handleth more at •…•…ge in his second booke, &c.

Those will I rehearse that belong to the absolute expli∣cation of this Chapter. Woundes are deuided according to the partes that they light vpon, as Galen in his third booke of compendious arte doth write. For some be in those partes which by kinde are a like, and some in those partes which by kinde are differing as our aucthor perticularly maketh men∣tion of both partes.

They are eyther reco••ed of by the subiect in which they be, as Galen in his in booke de Mithaned: by which meanes that wound is called simple wherevnto there is neyther sickenesse nor accident a 〈…〉〈…〉. Contrariewise that wound is called cōpound which hath any of those accidents adioyned which frō the other are 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as in the iiij. booke the Meth Med: more plaine•…•… doth appeare. Some times 〈◊〉〈◊〉 take their names 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the quantitie of that which is deui∣ded or cut, and those woundes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 aucthor handleth also, but more largely we haue entreated of them in our a•…•…otations of woundes in the head.

Secundam curationem] the second cure.

Simple woundes doe not desire those kinde of medicines which doe so much conglutinate, as the compoundes doe, they require verie drying as Hippocrates in his booke of vlcers saieth.

Prius sanguis profluere] first suffer the bloud to issue.

In the cure of these woundes the aucthors purpose is to vse drying medicines and to foresée by all meanes possible, that no inflamation doe follow, where if any such thing fall out, it will kéepe the wound from healing. Which o•…•… aucthor regarding, is of this opinion, that the bloud if of it selfe it doe not issue, must bée forced eyther out of the wound or of some part néere vnto it.

For he thought it would so come to passe that if the im∣pedimentes were taken away which by accident might hinder, the wounde will the sooner be healed. Which opi∣nion not onely Hippocrates was of, but also the best lear∣ned and wisest aucthors besides in his time.

Si forte magnum vulnus] if happely the wounde bée great.

Great and daungerous woundes are by Galen deuided into thrée kinds, in his. 4. booke de Meth Med: either for the vehemency of the passion, or for the excellency and princi∣pall vse of the part affected, or for the virulency or vene∣med humor that haunteth the wound, as commonly those woundes be full of, that chaune in any ioy•…•…t: a great wound as our aucthor saieth with Galen, where the strength is ve∣rie great of the partie, sheweth that it is •…•…cessary to let out more bloud, although he that is wounded make no great showe of abundance of bloud.

Not onely for that, least the parte wounded or any néere about should be affected with any inflamation, but that the vehement recourse of the bloud haunting to the place might be diuerted, and the extreme flux appeased.

Postera autem die] for the other day.

Neither it is necessarie in all woundes to open a deinc, for Hippo. saith, it néedeth not in woundes of the head. The reason thereof is in our booke of Annotations out of Hippo. declareth. And our aucthor séemeth to passe ouer his spéeches vnto compound woundes, because they are commonly ey∣ther with payne or inflamation conioyned.

But whether they haue either one or both of those, Phle∣bothomy is verie necessarie.

Purgato] purge.

And that with a medicine verie easie and gentle, that may agrée to the proportion of the humor in the body and member wounded.

Si in locis neruosis vulnus] if the wound happen in

sinewie partes.

These kinde of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 requira a more exquisite 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the nother, as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in his vs 〈…〉〈…〉 and •…•…∣•…•…en in his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 books of medicine doth set 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Veri∣ly these kinde of woundes require almost diligent care in the curing, 〈…〉〈…〉 partes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wounded or prict by reason of their nicete and sharpenes in féeling are •…•…ly in •…•…ed, 〈…〉〈…〉 with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, wherevpon spring convulsions and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, yea and many times ra••ing and d••tage, for that there is so great a co•…•…itie and a•…•… netie betwéene the •…•…trues and the bra••ne, as Galen repor∣t••th ••n the third booke of the arte of Medicine. The cure of these kinde of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is common with the other this onely excepted that the poynt requires the counsell of some 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Phi••itioned appease the s••me.

Then intent 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all outward misha••es that may chaunce to reconsile the lippes of the wound that already 〈…〉〈…〉 those •…•…ce brought together so to re∣•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 fourth intencion••s to preserue the part hurt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the 〈…〉〈…〉 decay not. The other circumstances are more at large to bée obserued out of the aucthor.

Of vlcers, and of the cure of the same. Cap. 6.

TH••s are verie few Surgions which will take vpon them to cure olde vlcers, and ma∣ny there are which know not the meanes to cure the same. And among these there are many which when any such vlcer shal come to their hands, doe counsell him that is the pocient in any wise not is bée cured and they bring this rea∣son for to, perswade them, that it will come to passe if the vlcer shalbée healed, and shut vp whese as it is so olde the him or which was wo•…•…t to issue and clense out of that part,

running into some other part of the body, would hurt a great deale more, and cause the pati•…•…tes death. Which their opinion and minde leaneth vpon 〈◊〉〈◊〉 other thing then vpon ignoraunce of the cure, for although if were true that the humor which doth flow and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the part being •…•…rned 〈◊〉〈◊〉 her way, were verie hurtfull, yet herein they doe greatly erre, because they thinke it may be possible that the vlcer may bée made sounde, the humor being not first purged and corrected. For except the humor bée purged, so that it bée made to forsake the part which it hath kept to many yéeres, and except also it be corrected with other good meanes and remedies, the vlcer it selfe cannot in any wise be brought together and closed vp. And if it be shut vp, it breaketh out againe of fresh.

For whatsoeuer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…uous and hurtfull humour is in the bodie, i•• expelled and sent foorth from all other stronger partes of the body•• to that which is weakest and feeblest of all the rest. And this in suffcient enough to reproue them which are of this opinion.

There is also another kinde of Surgions which are called practicioners (like vnto our English runagates, whereof there bée swarmes in euerie countrie which M. William Clowes in his worke•…•… Mumbo Gallico hath ve∣rie well set foorth in their coulours.

And also M. Iohn Hall of Maidstone in his expestula∣tion a•…•…exed to his translation of Lan•…•…aelie, with diuers others, although to small purpose) these I say after their order wander from place to place, doe followe an other way fitter for their owne priuate gaynes, then for the commo∣ditie of the patient.

For there is no kinde of vlcer offered vnto them, bée they neuer so cancerous or filthie, or else vtterlie incu∣rable, which they will not bragge and promise to bée verye easilye cured and in a very short syme. And perfix∣ing a certayne time to finish their cure, and that not long.

First of all they doe agrée with the pac••ents for the price, and require thone halfe of their many agréed vppon to pre∣pare their Oynta•…•…s, and other things méete for the cure, which whē they haue gathered together, they goe their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to another place (without either leaue of host, ho•…•…esse, or paci∣ent) giueing no ••emedie to the pacient. And all these euills onely ignorance causeth. But if any of these (brood of ••dy∣terers) the endeuour to bring any such thing to passe, they all take one waye, and ganerally they heal•• all kindes of wounds with like remedies. Wherefore we think that we shall doe a thing worth our trauell, if we shall set foorth that meanes whereby such vlcers are wont to be cured by vs, which is now to vs knowen with continuall and most cer∣taine vse.

We haue therefore determined that the vniuersal nature of vlcers is completid in foure into •…•…ions, and chiefely the vse of purging, being obserued. For this part is alwaies most ne∣cessari••, and not once, but oftentimes to be called vppon, and besides that a moderate order of diet with cōuenient meats and drinks ought to be had. But the intencions are these, first of all, the vlcer (if the matter require) is to be digested, that is to say, we must vse meets digestiues, as in a sinewi•• place, an egge and Turpentine, but in flesh••e places, oyle of Roses and an egge. But we must take héede that this which we call digestion, be not prolonged to long a time, it shal∣be sufficient so long to haue digested the vlcer vntill there vs confected verie good and landable matter, white and of one equall substance. But the second intencion is finished with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, but this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diuers abs••ersiue remedies according to the sundrie constitucions of the vlcers doe bring to effect. For all remedies are not meete for all vlcers. But the third intencion is accomplished by in∣carnacion, and conuenient bringing on of flesh, & the fourth intencion by consolidation, but to this thing there is néed•• of diuers & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is thing•• according to the diuers & sundry

natures of the vlcers, and affections of the same. Yet not∣withstanding this is a common thing to all vlcers after the minde of Galen, that at all times they require drying medi∣cines and abstersiue. For all vlcers generally doe abound with a double fault of humidite, thone humidite is grosser, and thother more subtile and thinner. These faults except they be corrected, the vlcers cannot be healed.

It is a great matter also to take héede least such drying medicines which are néedefull in the curing of vlcers be not to hot, least that part be ouer heated, of the excessiue distem∣perature. Whereof this shalbe the signe, the same place wherewith the vlcer is inclosed to be inflamed, redde, or wanne couloured. And it is no lesse to be eschewed that wée vse not ouer colde medicines, if any such of necessitie must be applied. For the natiue coulour being debilitated with this kinde of medicine, is an occasion of the corrupcion of the member and vlcer. And of that thing this is a token, that the verie coulour about the Vlcer is more blacke and darcker.

Futhermore, there are many kindes of all these vlcers, for some are corrosiue, some virulent, some rotten and cor∣rupt, and some also filthie, and many hollow, and some verie grieuous, and many other sortes of vlcers there are besides these whicih we reade off, and know by experience.

It is also néedefull for the Chirurgion that he auoyde paine, (or as much as in him lieth to cause any paine.) Take h••de (saith Auicene,) of griefe, because nothing doth so greatly cause impostumation. Therefore he must take héede that he cause no griefe to the pacient, neither with his me∣dicines, neither yet with his hands. Wherefore we, since we practised this arte, did at no time vse any kinde of cauteri∣••ing, because to whatsoeuer place such things be applied, they doe cause no small griefe. Of the griefe ensueth an attracti∣on, of the attraction the••e foloweth a debilitie of the same member, and an affection of an euill qualitie, by reason of

too great and hurtfull a•…•…arice of humours cōflowing to the same place. Therefore in such corrosiue and vir••ulent vlcers, this is the order which we commonly obserue. First the pacient is to be well p•…•…ged, then y^e vlcers (if they be not olde) but are beginning of one yéere or lesse time, are to bée mundified with that pouder of Iohn Vigo, which pouder we vse many dayes once euery day, putting thereto lintes and vnguentum Basilicon layed vppon. But if the vlcers be hot, vppon the pouder and lintes we vse the oyntment Lythargirium, and we vse this pouder so longe till the vlcer be purged and mundified which the very sight of the flesh and the coulour doth easily shew. For the coulour in y^e flesh is read and shining, and in the which there appeareth a cer∣taine grained thing to the likenes of the graines of a Pome∣granate. And there is séene also matter and that pure and good. Furthermore it is knowne also by this token, when the plaister is remoued from the vlcer, if the pouder doe cleaue fast to the vicer together with the lintes, and the mat∣ter that issueth foorth be little or none at all, and be like the thin spittell; that thing is a signe of mūdifiyng and cleanes in the vlcer. When the vlcers are ordered in this manner, we doe put thereon the plaister called of vs Leonatum spred vppon cloth, the pouder whereof is such, that if ther remaine any filthinesse behinde, it doth purge it foorth, nor yet doth suffer the flesh to grow any farther then is néede, & also doth meruailosly cicatrize the vlcer. This is to be wipte & made cleane oftentimes in the day, but especially if it draw much corrupcion from the vlcer. But generally this cerote doth helpe colde vlcers, or placed in a cold part of y^e bodie. But if y^e vlcers be hot, in stéede of that cerote we applie the black plai∣ster, which is the very best surely in this kinde. And it shall auaile also to wipe y^• often times. But if y^e flesh waxe proud, cast on the pouder of burnt Allum, putting thereto lints, but what day we vse the pouder, we dresse y^e vlcer that daye but once. And by these meanes the vlcers which are neither olde

nor hard, are wont to be cured. But if such kinde of vlcers be olde, cru••tie, or of an euil affectiō, & be in men of an euel tem∣perature, they wilbe hardly healed by these meanes which I haue spoken off. But if that fall out, it will aske a longer time, esp••ially if they grow of the french Poxe, as the most part of them commonly doe. Therefore the surest meanes to cure such kindes of vlcers, is to vse burning and caute∣rizing, all the corrupt flesh being first cut off which is in them, but the hidden cauernes (if there be any) must bée made manifest and opened, and the vtter partes of the vlcer cut awaie. Neither is it néedefull to the dispaching of this matter, that the pacient be either bound or holden of many, but in this order it shalbe expedient for you to doe. Whether the vlcer be in the shinne or in any other part, the bodie being with some commodius medicine purged, let the man that is the pacient be set downe in some long seat, (as on a forme or such like) the legge whereon the vlcer is, being layd along vppon the seat behind the pacient, let another man sit downe, on whose legges the pacient may lye with his head, his necke, and his shoulders, and let him haue his armes to holde, and let a third man sitte downe vp∣pon the thigh of the pacient, & hold his legge with his hands, and there shall néede no more. But let the cauterizing in∣strument be an inch thicke made in the facion of an Oliue bone which are called Oliuaria. With the which the vlcer is to be cauterized, as much as shalbe thought good. But in y^e end we must vse another third kinde of cautery iiii. squarre like a dye, greater also then y^e others, wherwith the sides & all the partes in the same are to bée coeuened and made plaine. When this shalbe dispatched, let there be applyed to the vlcer, a great many péeces of linnen cloth dipt in the white of an egge and oyle of Roses, and vppon the same •…•…hes or houlsters soked in Oxicratum, (that is water and vineger sodden together) & pressed forth with your hāds, let thē be put ther vnto, but on y^e very mēber on y^e vpper part of y^e

vlcer let there be put a detensiue of ••oole Armo••m 〈◊〉〈◊〉, byle of Roses & waxe, or in stéede of that, linnen thrée or ••ower fould doble and stéeped in Oxcicratum and pressed foorth, which when it is dryed vp, is to bée wette and applyed a∣gaine. The day next after these thinges are do•…•…, the white and yolkes of egges beaten and mingled together in the which let ther be a great many péeces of linnen cloth, dipt and layd on the vlcer, adding therevnto also as wée haue saide before a defenciue. But we do vse this medicine two daies onely. After that let there be applied vnto the vlcer twise euery day Butter spred vppon a linnen cloth vntill y^• es••ar be re•…•…dued, when the escar is taken away, we must vse digestiues to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the matter, if the place be fleshie, the digestiue is made of oyle of Roses and the yolke of an egge, but if the place be sin••wie, ye shall put thereto Turpentine. And in fower dayes at the furthest the wound is well digested, which afterward is purged with the pouder of Iohn Vigo. For the same pouder both mundifie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 en••ently the groser and thinner matters, and that is done without and gr•…•…fe, if the pouder be made ac∣cording to a••te. We put vppon the pouder or ye lintes, and we adde there vnto vppon the vlcer, of the Cerot of Sino∣ple. For that, or in the stéede thereof Basilicon is best and méetest in this kinde. But after the vlcer is sufficientlie mundified, that our plaister called Leonatum shalbe verie good both to bring on flesh, and to Cicatrize, adding the pou∣der of burnt Allow. When y^e flesh shal now be growen out, lay theron pure lints, & vpon that the cerot Leonatum. And to that purpose also the blacke plaister is very good. For both these do meruailously mundifie, & bring on good flesh, & both if thou doe applie them must be clensed oftentimes in the day. Finiallie pu•…•…ified and root ten vlcers are cured 〈◊〉〈◊〉 well also with cauteries and in short time. All 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and superfluous flesh wich is found in them being first 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a waie, as we haue decleared in the former order of •…•…ting.

For the power of y^e naturall 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doth bring many profitable thinges to passe in such kinde of ••ures, (for the potenciall fier is of farre lesse & woor••e efficacie then y^• natural fier & in y^e meane time of greater hurt, & the cause of greater distēpe∣rature which we do lesse allow) for y^e grief y^t procéedeth frō y^• potēcial fier is both mo••e grie•…•…, also of toger cōtinuāce. But the g••iefe that is receiued of the naturall fier is vehe∣ment, but it doth so long onely end•…•…e, as it doth in acte burne the member, which commodities of the naturall fier, haue ben trulie obserued of vs. For it both verie greatly cō∣forte the member to the which it is applyed, and correcteth the •…•…fection that to b•…•…d and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the same member, and doth rectifie the completion, and doth •…•…pe vnder and restrai•…•… the corruption that it shall procéede no further. Furthermore it sucketh and drieth vp the euill and corrupt matters and flu•…•…s, finally, it 〈…〉〈…〉, and en∣forceth venemous fluxions to issue foorth, as in the raging Carbuncle it commeth to passe. And in the cancers, if that which is euill and dead be cut away.

And the place bur•…•…. with an actuall cauterie, that which is of an euill and corrupt affection in the member, is de••ded from that which is good, and the member it selfe is made more lustie and of a better disposition, and the same is done also in vlcers where the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is corrupt, the which if thou doe burne, it doth •…•…uide by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all that part of the bone which is corrupted, from that which is sound. The vii. effect of the first is, that it restraineth that fluxion of bloud which the escar maketh. The viii. vse is, in the opening of cold impostumations, for the fier of the actuall cauterie doth corr••borate and encrease the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 heat of the members in which the impostumes be. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vse of her, being taught by Mesue and Arno•…•…) hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 observed of vs by often experience to turne away those 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which some times descend from the head into the eyes, and the brest, for that is presently done 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in vse in the coronall

comissure, or with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 drawing a bristle by y^e hi••∣der part of y^e necke, aboue the ••uke. But the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the fier, is to amplifie any 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and to take away any callo∣sis•• or hardnes. The •…•… is of power to conforme 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and hard vlcers into 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fashion more apt for the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. By the xii. also if ther be any super•…•…ons or ranke flesh in the vlcer, it is burnt out with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in good order, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 also which are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to trouble the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are stated, the th•…•…ples being burnt with a •…•…tery. And finally if any euill or hurt∣ful humor doth corruptly 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of one place into another, is turned another 〈◊〉〈◊〉 very 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with the fier.

What things, we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and ••bserued of the vse of fier, partly by 〈…〉〈…〉, and partly by long expe∣rience, we haue though 〈◊〉〈◊〉 good to put it downe in writing in this place because we were desirous both to prouide for the ne••lig••nce of some persons, and throughly to satisfie the reasons of this cure.

Annotations of the vi. Chapter.

When our purpose was and should haue béene to speake of woundes, we fell likewise into the discourse of vlcers & their natures, now therefore it shalbe sufficient to expresse and declare that they; as other kinds of imperfections or pas∣sions vnnaturall haue their double cause, antecedent as they terme it, & co•…•…uncte. As for example, in the ill ordering of a wound oftentimes there remaines an vlcer. Or if by great disorder in diet it fall not in any one member that an vlcer breake out, the same distemperature of Galen is called in many places the coni•…•… cause, which the Arrabians doth call the malignite 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ill disposition of complexions.

Vniuersam igitur vlce•…•… •…•…rationem] Therefore the ge∣nerall cure of vlcers.

Many thinges may here be spoken of vlcers, and of their

cure which are •…•…rie largely expected by Galen, in his third and fourth book•• of the Method of curing, wherevnto I re∣ferre the reader. For the manifold differences of vlcers, and the diuersitie of causes, with the variable manner of curing the same. Cannot in this compendious treatise be ex∣pressed, nor yet perfectly be shewed.

Purgationes omnino] wholie purging medicines.

For the most part these be the causes of difficult and re∣bellious vlcers in cure, either the bad disposition or distem∣perature of the flesh, in the which vlcers doe light or chaūce, or the bad qualitie of the humor that haunteth the same place, or the abundance of humors that haue their recourse thither. All which causes although they cannot quite be ta∣ken away with purging, it certainely they may thereby bée much deminished and impaired.

Quarta porto consolidando fit] the fourth intention is ac∣complished by consolidation.

And because the superfluitie that aboundeth in vlcers is of two kindes, I will note vnto you that the thinnest is cal∣led Sa••ies. The other which is more thicke, is called Sor∣••es.

Which two excrementes or superfluities, require a double cure, for by the thinne matter, the vlcer is made moyst, the cure whereof requireth drying medicines. The other thicke excrement makes the vlcer filthie which craueth the helpe of mundifiyng or clensyng medicines.

Multa preteria] many besides.

Our aucthor handleth those vlcers which bée called venemous or poysoned, all which Galen termeth hard to receaue Cicatrise.

For in trueth they are meruailous harde to bée cured they bée so intricate, so ill disposed, so rebellions, all which when they waxe some-thing olde, they are counted past handling, and without hope. The perfect definition and the best opinions of all these vlcers is to bée founde in

Galen in the iii. and fourth booke of his method of curing. In Celsus, & Aegineta. If I shoulde speake my opinion of those vlcers which Auicen termeth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to be healed, I thinke with him that they haue some obscure and hidden mallici∣ous propertie. For saith he, they be not rotten vlcers, nor fretted, nor yet créeping or stra•…•…ing. But they be as of ney∣ther disposition playnely, sometimes closing, and sometimes kind••ing a new ve••ome, sometimes opening them selues, and breaking out a fresh.

Of hollow vlcers and their cure. Cap. 7.

THe hollow vlcers so called, come oftentimes of swelling contrarie to nature, and by some great impostume which being suffered to ri∣pen to much, are opened either with the knife or with the cauter is, & a tent of linen dipt in the white of an egge is put in and then a di∣gestiue of the yolke of an egge, and oyle of Roses is daylie applied, besides this to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the vlcer, tentes of linen cloth fully soked with Mell Rosarum are chrust in, the oyn••∣ment Basilicon, or some other of those which are in vse put vpon, but they are dressed euerie day once, or at the most twise, but when he is doe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the tents being drawen foorth, and the matter which is within being expurged, they are stopped againe, and this manner of dressing is so long delayed, vntill all being wea•…•…e, the patient is left vnhealed. Whom y^• they may leane with some honestie, an emplaister of Diaquilon or of some other i•• put thereon, whereas they are plainely ignoraunt, whether the one or the other doe hurt, or helpe, And by this meanes perfect health is promised to the pacientes being commaunded to clense and wipe the same twise a day.

Some vlcers being ordered by this meanes are s•…•…e cured, and some are protracted aboue a whole yéere. But

such hollow vlcers are made sometime of gréene woundes, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the sinewes, and in fleshie places also (the wounds being not wel healed) we haue the same come to passe. And of a simple wound and that very small wée haue séene not onely a great and cauernouse vlcer to haue foor•…•…, (out of the which vlcer to great abundance of filthie mat•…•… hath run) but also those that suffered such vlcers, at length to haue béene taken with a consūptiue ague. But our state is now brought vnto y^• pointe, y^• whereas all these thinges are done daily, yet are they little regarded of those who ought especially to looke therevnto. I thinke it cōmeth to passe for the iniquites of our people. But how the hol∣low vlcers of this sort are to be cured, if is plainly taught, par•…•… y of other auncient aucthores, and partly of Iohn Vi∣go. And are all best healed that way as he hath taught. For first he doth put downe two mundificatiue medicines, by ei∣ther of which the vlcer by a syring may be washed, and afterward an absterciue made of a decoction of barly & Mel Rosarum, then some of them which may induce flesh, and at last conuenient ligature being added in that sort as it shalbe decleared of vs. All those are healed very soone, and the cauites and hollow places do cleaue together, and flesh to flesh is consounded. And we hauing vsed this cure of Iohn Vigo, haue healed almost innumerable of this sort, but wheras we did perceiue that by this meanes, and by these Locions set foorth by Vigo, these old vlcers although Cal∣lo•…•… and hard, and subiect to make and cast foorth much cor∣ruptiō may be easily healed, neither to be any excesse therin, yet we haue deuised another way more easie of curing and brie••er, which we vse in appostumacions when they are opened, which waie hath taken very good successe, and ac∣cording to my minde in all thing through the great benefit of God. Which thing whosoeuer will make proofe of in curing apostumes, wil with great pleasure allow y^e same cer∣taine and most easie, for the thirde, or at the most the fourth

day, all that cauite of the 〈…〉〈…〉 being 〈…〉〈…〉 a conglutinate, is healed, & nothing is left 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but the apercion which was made by arte, that the filthie matter might runne out and be expressed, and that without either daunger or paine, or difficultie of the pacient, although the swelling be great & with many cauernouse holes. But that cure is of this sort. If the swelling or exiture, or y^e apostume be great, first of all it is to be opened very perfectly, so y^t the little finger may be put into the orifice, & let all the filthie matter which is within, be suffered to runne forth, & be ex∣pelled, crushing the place together softly, although this séeme to be repugnant to the common precept of writers, for it is a thing manifest to them that consider the matter well, that the filthie corrupcion reteined, maie more hurt them if it be euacuated. For Nature, as long as the filthie corrupcion is entermedled, cannot conioine & conglutinate the flesh to the skinne.

Therefore when the corrupcion is expulsed, lette there be put into the vlcer a tent made of tow and as great as the orifice whereby the corrupcion may flow downe, vpon this let there be put a stuphe and afterward bound vp, and so let remaine vntill the next day. The next day, let it be opened, and the vlcer clensed of all the corrupcion which is therein, after that let a pipe of leade be put into the orifice as great as the orifice it selfe is, which may reach as farre as the •…•…∣nite, neither let it be forced any farther. Vppon these things ye may lay a cerote of Basilicon, spred vppon a linnen cloth, a hole being made at the very mouth of the leade, whereby the leade may be kept that it fall not out, after that vppon either side of the cōcauite, let be put stuphes or bolsters made triangle wise, that the whole breadth of the cauite may be filled with the boulsters, but let the orifice of the vlcer wher the leaden pipe is, remaine frée, neither stopped with the stuphes, nor touched with any Ligature, that all the corrupt matter which is within, may be expurged. Then let the

place which is kept in with the stuphes, be bound vp with a ••o•…•…er or fillet of bredth, pressing it downe softly, so that the pacient may féele no griefe. But the Ligature is to bée begunne at the farther part of the Vlcer, pressing it downe softly, & sorting the corrupt humor which is within, towarde the orifice.

But the fillet or rouller is to be boūd about on both sides of the vlcer with both your hands, and by this meanes all the corrupcion is pressed out. And so the vlcer being bound vp, is left vntill the next daye, in which daye, the Ligature being loosed, we doe measure how much hollownesse hath bene left, that we throughly may sée whether there be any place, which the stuphes haue not comen vnto.

For all places which were vnder the triangle houlsters, shalbe found conioyned and conglutinate, when these things are thus found, the stuphes againe in the same maner and place not changed but laide as they were before shalbe boūd vp, and so left vntill the next daye after. For at the same daye all things shalbe founde to cleaue together, and to bée conioyned very well.

But if much humor or corrupt matter shall séeme to bée left in any place, there in the same place the stuphes are to be opened with the rouller and your boulsters placed vppon those cauerns, and by this meanes all the filthie matter shalbe pressed out, and the place that is open shall grow to∣gether, and all the parts of the vlcer very well closed vp.

But when these things are in this wise cured and done, let these boulsters be remoued and a linnen cloth be put vppon the woūd being spred with the Leonine Emplaister or some other as shalbe thought best, and this Cerote is to be wiped and made cleane seuen or eight times a daye.

And this is the best and most surest waye to cure such kinde of Vlcers, which can neuer deceaue the Surgion, it they be duely executed.

Neither shall the pacient be troubled with any 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or griefe, in which thing we by long and continuall experi∣ence are able to witnesse, almost innumerable such vlcers caused of swellinges contrarie to nature, assoone as the apo∣stume was opened, that I haue taken in hand to heale, and the end to haue had such successe as I would desire Although we were driuen to striue, through ouer great a deflu••e of corrupt humours. But of other olde vlcers, that way of healing which we haue preserved vnto you is best and most excelent. For whereas by reason of the continuance of the disease, the same be Call us and hard within and like to fistules, and the whole place of a very euill affected nature they did require especially that kinds of cure. But after the vlcer is healed, ye must applie vppon the place that emplai∣ster comefortatiue whereby the member may be refreshed. And this euery third day being remoued, and the moistnes wipt awaie, it is to be laide to againe vntill the member be restored in his former state and vigoure. But such as are apostumes or exitures, are thus healed, and by this meanes sonest. Assone as there shalbe cut and opened with the in∣strument, let there be put into the vlcer a tente dipt in the white of an egge, which the next day after is to be taken a∣way, after that, let there be put on a cerot of Leonatum, or Minium spred vppon a linnen cloth, and the vlcers ten times or oftener euerie day be clensed. For by this meanes through gods help it shalbe sonest cured.

Annotations of the vij. Chapter.

A hollow vlcer which the latinests do tearme Sinuosum, hath the mouth very stricte or narrow, but at the bottom, is more large and hath many by waies, and crooked, cor∣ners, but without any callous substāce, or hardnes by which onely meanes it differeth from a fistula, For that is alwyes adioyned with Callouse or hardnes.

Plerum∣qu•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ril••us pret••r naturam] for the most part outward tumo•…•… vnnaturall or swellings.

The aucthor yéeldes a reason and cause of those vlcers, which either come by apostumacion or els by suppurated affect opened somewhat to late, or of woundes ill cured. Those woundes which are made either with a iagged, a flat, or especiallie a round weapon, as Hippocrates déemeth by reason that they retaine the corrupted matter somewhat to long in a ripened impostumation, or in a déepe wounde, which cannot well from thence be ••idde, or conuaied, but there lingereth and lurketh, and as it were recouereth some sharpe nature and fretting disposition, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into holes which either neuer or hardlie can be filled with flesh or bée conjoyned. For the part affected receauing so great a weak∣nesse, from the partes therevnto adioyned therin bestowing their superfluities doe likewise draw from all other partes of the body such abundance of humor•• as thereby the vlcer is made incurable & or at the least verie hard to be cured.

Quanquam comuni foribenci••m pr••cepto] although by the generall rule of writers.

Here the aucthor teacheth the cure of this wound which is according to the opinion of Galen Aectiu••, Paulus, and Guido.

For if the hollownes of the vlcer tende directly downe∣wardes, or decline to any side, or be carried inward, if I say by no situation ye can procure the corruption to issue, ye shall neuer preuaile any thing either by bréeding of flesh, or by hastening to consolidation, vnlesse ye first deuise some meanes to dispatch that putrified corruption that in the cen∣ter of your vlcer is collected. I meane by making some in∣cision into the bottome of the vlcer, or by cutting open the whole concauite or hollownes thereof, but you must take béede that ye obserue not this manner of cure alwaies, as for example, when the vlcer lies so intricately dispersed that no incision may be made to the part without great hurt.

then we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all our 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…nes, as we are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Galen a•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose opinion is 〈…〉〈…〉 and hony 〈◊〉〈◊〉 together.

Of the vlcers in the head which grow either of a scirrose hard swelling like kernels; or by reason of the French poxe, with the corruption of the bone. Cap. 8.

THe vlcers of the heade which for the most part come of hard ••ernelly humours grow∣en by reason of the French Poxe, doe con∣•…•… vpon Penerarium, to the which the y^• bring grea•• payne because it is sinew••e, & of too quicke sense or feeling, and coupsed with Dura Mini•…•… called the harder pa•…•…icle. Further∣more such 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or apost•…•…es when they are about Cra∣nium, and the humor where vpon they doe depend, is grosse and cold and of a heauie nature, it both foorth with putrifie before the •…•…pening of the same. And when the putrified hu∣mor is bred, and the corrupt matter fully made, the apo∣stume vseth to breake of it selfe, or els is opened by the dili∣genes of the Surgion. The method of curing the same if the bone be corrupted, which a cunning Artificer will ea•…•…lie know by féeling onely without view and by that which is apparant without discouering of Peneranium. For it is a∣gréeable to reason, the rotten humor lying vpon the bone, (especially a long time, as in such euills it happeneth,) that there must néedes be a corruption thereof. Which thing if it be so, ye must néedes open Cramum, the apostume being o∣pened in the manner of a crosse, according to the length thereof.

After that, the vlcer is to bée drest vp with the lintes dipt in the white of an egge and oyle of Roses beaten to∣gether,

so that there 〈…〉〈…〉 to this intent that Co•…•…ium which we suppose to be corrupt, may remai••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉: The next let there be applied a medi∣•…•… to ripen, confected of the yolke of an egge, & oyle of Roses with a little Saffron. And the vlcer being ripened, which ••wor•• be in foure 〈◊〉〈◊〉 space, 〈…〉〈…〉 foorth with to the extraction of the p••trified bones which may be done in this 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Let there be put vppon Cr••nium (corrupted) on euerie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Pulu••ris Vitrioli Romani conibusti, but take héede it touch not ouermuch the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the vlcer where the flesh is, and therevpon let there be put drie lints which may fill the whole vlcer that the brims come not together. The putting to of this pouder ought to be done euerie day vntill Craniū beginne to wa••e blacke which being blacke, ye must procure the soft••ing of the same, that ye may redilie cut it, which shalbe done very well if there be put to Cranium it selfe ••intes dipt in oyle of Roses, let the rest of the vlcer bée filled with drie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and vpon all those thinges let there, be put Vnguentun Bisilicon spred vpon L••ther, and these thinges shalbe done vntill the bone séeme to bée par∣ted on euerie side, which thou shalt perce•…•…e if being hand∣led with the mullets it shall appeare deuided on euerye side about the brimmes, which being done, and the corrup∣ted bone past off, ye shall applye therevnto that Balme which we describe in wounds of the head.

The bone being an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 gently with a fether with the same Balme beyng •…•…ified at the •…•…er, for this lini∣ment doth bring foorth flesh be •…•…éene the putrified bone and the whole.

Which growing in the middle, the bone doth vse to rise vp. Wherefore it is necessarie in the m•…•… space and in the distances of time, to take vp the sayde bone with some instrument of Iron and that stronglie, for a light ap∣prehencion of it is not sufficient, by reason of the

hard 〈…〉〈…〉 foorth; and the 〈…〉〈…〉 with the 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with lin••s, and 〈…〉〈…〉 Sinople.

But if the afore 〈…〉〈…〉 and through the ignor•…•…ce of the 〈…〉〈…〉 the whole Gran••um be pu•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 that the 〈…〉〈…〉 or hard pannic••e partly with gro••e matter, and partly with super 〈…〉〈…〉 such an vlcer 〈…〉〈…〉 with the pou•…•… of Iohn Vigo, in such 〈…〉〈…〉 rest of the vlcers bée.

But least 〈…〉〈…〉 heade is the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and of much 〈…〉〈…〉 to prepare the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 before in this order following.

Rec. Puluer•• 〈…〉〈…〉. In a br••sen 〈…〉〈…〉 the which let 〈…〉〈…〉 bée wrought together a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the water being 〈…〉〈…〉, l••t the 〈…〉〈…〉 at the 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 of water being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with the pouder in the Morter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the water 〈…〉〈…〉 and the pouder dried at the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as before.

The saide pouder may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 put to the hard 〈…〉〈…〉 Meninx verie safety, and 〈…〉〈…〉 perfectly. But if this thing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 happen, (〈…〉〈…〉 ••oth) that betweene 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and the hard 〈◊〉〈◊〉 much corruption is gathered by reason of the 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣munion betwéene the matter lying vpon the Cranio, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, which through the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being 〈…〉〈…〉 to Membrana, as I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 haue séene in 〈…〉〈…〉 persons.

Ye must them (•…•…pping their •…•…thrilies hu•…•…) 〈…〉〈…〉 hold their breath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or 〈…〉〈…〉 day, 〈…〉〈…〉 filthie matter may come foorth from the hard 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or Dura Meninx, and so I haue prooued it to bée done, with

good successe, Giueing them in the meane time, a decoction of Lignum Indicum, according to that methode which we wil shew straight waies in the chapter de Morbo Gallico.

Annotations of the viij. Chapter.

If Vlcers differ from wounds, for that wounds be fresh and blouddie, & vlcers of long continuance & yéedling more putrified matter, in so many respects the cures of them doe differ by how much the one is moyster then the other, wher∣vpon they reqire so much the more drying medicines. But since the auctor héere vndertaketh not the cure of simple vl∣cers, but of compound: It is necessarie to set downe the com∣pound cure that vnto them belongeth. Which vlcers if they spring of the French po••ks, they haue their beginning from the infection of the Liuer.

Wherefore by blood letting and purging, the malignite of the humor is to be let out. And after to come to the part affected frō whence we must inhibit al ill accidents, whether it be inflamacion, tumor, or paine. And to perfect and finish the cure, you must vse drying medicines, as Galen reporteth in his second booke of Vlcers.

Curationis methodus, si os corruptum fuerit.] The me∣thod of curing, if the bone be corrupted.

The maner of cure of a corrupted bone is very redie if a man may plainely come to the sight thereof, as Celsus in his viii. Booke and second Chapter. But if the same be not to be séene, you may procéede to the cure by probable coniectures. As if after many daies labor the vlcer will not close, as it comes néerer the bone being corrupted as Galen saith in his booke de Vsu partium. In which place you may vnderstand the reason thereoff. Or if you list to consider with your selfe by the bréeding of matter, or by retaining the same long, the bone receaued harme; or whether it be by reason that there is bred more thin matter or putrefaction then y^e great∣nesse

of the vlcer may aford. For these causes reade Galen in his third booke of Fraun••es, & of the seperacion of bones. Oporter Cranium Manife•…•…a••e] you must manifest y^e 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Vnlesse some chiefe veine, artery, or nerue doe forbid: otherwise the cure is the more redie and lesse painefull. As Celsus in his fifth booke and second Chapter. But if in that part the bone be so altered that the vlcer cannot be dilated, so as the bone hurt and corrupted cannot be séene, then with small tents reaching to the bost 〈◊〉〈◊〉, or with a sponge dippe•• in wine, or with some med••cine that will eate away y^• flesh, you must emarge the sore.

Ponatur vitrioly Romani.] Vse or apply some Romaine Vitrioll.

Foresée euer that before the vse of these medicines, the bodie be we•…•… purged, for feare of inflamation.

Quo denigrato procuranda est.] Which being black, you must procure.

But in euery alteration of the bone, you may not pro∣uoke blacknesse, for that were to adde one mischiefe to an other. For euerybone that is altered without mortification, may safely be stalled with a small knife as Paulus saith in his vi. booke and 77. Chapter. Which you shall so long ••eale vntill you sée she bloud appeare, because so much as is cor∣rupted is very drie, as Celsus saith. Let therefore the diligēt reader obserue what our aucthor saith of y^e alteratiō of bones which are corrupted. All which are to be cut off, by the ma∣ner and meanes in this case prescribed. And in such lyke as Paulus writeth in his booke & his chapter of Fistulaes.

Ex vitello oui et oleo Rosac••o.] Of the yolke of an egge, and oyle of Roses.

Some one peraduenture, will meruaile why the auctor disalowed of this mixture in his chapter of woūds of y^e head, and here séemes to commend the same. This scruple or doubt is easely taken away if you doe but marke the definitions of both. For a wound that is onely a diuision of continuite, re∣quireth

quireth nothing but glutination.

But an vlcer besides solusion hath matter which must bée concocted, and clensed. A chiefe medicine in this case is re∣quisite, which is ••raught with both these properties.

Of Curing the french poxe. Chapter 9.

THis french pestilence did not beging at the first after one sort to trouble miserable men, but in diuers & sundrie sortes. And threfore y^• inuencion of the cure thereof was not so easie, as well the Phisicions as the Surgi∣ons being moued with this stragenes of the euill, and seeing this pestilence ioyned euery where with euery disease, to rage among the people, they laboured grat∣ly to •…•…de out some waie, whereby so grieuouse a disease might be put off. Therefore when they had diligentlie con∣sidered that this french disease, did bring with it a kinde of vniuer••all Skabbe, oftentimes with ring wormes, with the ••oulnes of all the body called Vitiligo and Alopecia running sores in the head called Acores, and werts of both sortes, and many times with flegmatick or melancholick swellings, or vlcers corrosiue, filthie and cancrouse, and also running ouer the body together with putriffyng of the bone, & many times also accōpained with al kinde of griefe, with feuers consumptiues, and with many other differences of diseases.

They found out at length diuerse waies of curing the same, so that none is vexed with this disease, which may not easelie and safelie bée deliuered of the same. If he will receaue the fumigacions and oyntments, which are appli∣ed vnto him not without great trauaile. But because the poore people are not able to stusta••e y^e great charges theroff through pouertie, I thought good and a thing worth my tra∣uaile, of the two waies of curing which. I thought best and

alwaies proued, and with the which I haue brought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 many poore diseased people (very hard to be cured) to the hauen of health, yea and such as haue béene in the dry con∣sumpciō called Mirasmus, first to set foorth that which is done by oyntments. Therefore the body being prepared thrée or foure dayes with this Syrope folowing which is in this sort.

Rec. Sirupi Fumiterre et Mellis Rosati. Ana. ℥.j. Aque Fumiterre. ℥.iij. Miss••. Then shall they be purged with these pilles which are called Hermodactilis, et Arthretice, vell Sipocius tib•• cum Catapociis Aggregatiuis, aut Aureis, aut de Nibro secūdum Alexandrinum, aut de Fumoterre, aut de Agarico, according to the complexion of the pacient, and of the qualitie of the disease. But if a pocion to purge doth rather like them, ye shall giue him to drinke, Catho∣licon, aut Electuarum indum, Hamec Confectio, aut Dia Se∣ne cum Agarici Trochiscati. Vell Similia. In the meane time, let the pacient eate euery day Wethers flesh, or rosted Henne, & in y^• euening Raisons. The body being purged, let him take of this decoction folowing euery morning earlie ℥.ij. and as many at two of the clock in the after none, but in winter the fourth houre after supper, the decoction is made as folowith. Rec. Polipodij Quercini ℥.ij. Folliculorū Sene. ℥.j. Th•…•…i, et Epichimi. p.j. Let the decotion be made according to arte in ix. li. of water to the consuming of the third part, adding thereto Sacchari Ruby. ℥.viij. Mellis Cō∣munis. li.j. And so finish your decoction.

With the pocion of this medicine the diseased paci∣ent shalbe purged without any laboure. And with good concoction of the humours, which decoction being finished he shall take two pilles at the discrecion of the Phisicion in the dead time of the night.

But the third daie after, his body is to bée anointed in the night after supper with this oyntment ensuing, the which among the rest séemeth to me to be the chiefe.

• ...Rec. Auxungie Porcine. ℥.viij.
• ...Butiri. ℥.j.
• ...Olei Laurinj Camomille.
• ...Anethi Dialthae. ana. ℥.ss.
• ...Argenti viui extincti. ℥.iij. fiat linimentum.

Let this oyntment be anoynted on the ioyntes, if it may bée with the patientes owne hand, for this is excellent and chiefest, the féete, the ha••s, the knées, the flankes, the loy∣nes, the armehooles, the shoulders, the elbowes, & the hands. And all the impostumes, so that they possesse not the head.

But the oyntment is so to be rubbed in that it may vtterly sinke in. And let the patient tarrie in his bed quiet, and rea∣sonably couered with clothes, so that when he eateth he may be suffered to vse one hand onely. The day also and euerie day following, let the anointing bée applied in that order as hath béene tolde you vntill his mouth and gummes begin to swell, which sometimes happeneth within two daies, sometime within thrée or foure, assoone as therefore the sore∣nesse of the mouth and the swelling of the gummes shall appeare, ye must leaue off from anoynting and not before. But at what time the body is anoynted, let the patient eate Wethers flesh, or Henne, or Kid boyled or rosted at noone and euening, and let him drinke white wine delaied with water, (but with vs in England, we rather allow small Ale) but when his anoynting is finished, let him refrayne from flesh and other things.

Let him dine onely with Rice Potage, with a crumme or two of breade, let him suppe with meate made of Al∣monds, drinking a decoction of Anise and Licorise, neyther may it bée lawfull for him to drinke any wine all the next moneth vntill he bée restored to health as much as apper∣tayneth to the mouth, but after the mouth is healed, hée

may eate once a day, the flesh of a Wether, or Hen, looking daylie for better strength of body foure daies or there a∣bout. For the patient ought to perseuer in this order of dy∣et. In the meane while vntill be begin to vtter spittle out of his mouth. Because if he kéepe a contrarie dyet to this, and eate more then is conuenient, the patient should be hin∣dred of that euacuation which we greatly desire.

Annotations of the ix. Chapter.

I did not thinke it necessarie to giue any Annotations, v∣pon this Chapter, because no mā that carrieth but the name of a Phisition is or can bée ignorant or vnexpert in the cure of this disease.

And also for that I sée so many that haue both written and gathered all that may be said or in that can bée spoken, so that I cannot say more effectually. The disease ••aylie dy∣ing and wearing away by the exquisite cure thereof.

Notwithstanding, because the aucthor hath set downe vnctions, fumigations, and Guaiacum, I will briefely sette downe the maner, method, vse, and effectuall handling of them.

Whosoeuer therefore that intendeth rightly to cure this disease, must first take this occasion by the way (for the cau∣ses, effectes, and essentiall markes of this disease, are to bée gathered out of their workes, that haue vndertaken pub∣liquely to treate and write of the same.)

First know whether the sickenesse bée newelie taken, or haue béene of long continuance, howe farre it reacheth, and what partes it hath infected. Whether Nerues, bones, or ioyntes.

Whether the paines bée milde or cruell, whether the substance of the corruption bée much or little. Whether hard, knottie, or gentle in handling. If inward, or outward.

of the vlcers or whe••kes be many, or with much payne, ve•…•…e fewe appearing. Or if whether Pustulus matter or Gummie substance appeare.

To bée short all the signes of this griefe must bée verie readilie discorned and distinguished. All this foreséene, know that that imperfection which catcheth the bone, cannot bée holpen without v•…•…ion or burning. Therefore they eyther bée neuer cured, or else onelie so palliated that they breake out againe.

Preparato igitur corpore] Therefore the bodie being pre∣pared.

For as much as all thinges are intermingled aswell in the seminarie, as also in the materiall partes, by reason of the flimish humor, wée must search whether they bée toge∣ther both pustles and hard swellinges. And whether there bée one inuention and remedie which may performe all, and preuaile in all thinges.

Or whther more may bée required. And of what sort they bée. For there be some that haue assaied by onely pur∣ging to cure the whole griefe: some likewise by vnctions: some by fumings, some by those meanes which doth conuert the matter through swette. Some by that meanes which doth resist the matter: some verely by one meanes, and some by other diuerse helpes, as the cause requireth.

But our aucthor setteth downe the order how the mat∣ter is to be prepared, and digested, and soonest to bée taken a∣way. But they ought to bée hotte, and attenuatiue, and as we say pearcing or abstersiue.

Purgato semell corpore] the bodie beyng once pur∣ged.

The first euacuation being done and ended, they séeme in mine opinion to doe verie well, which giue agayne dy∣gestiues and so purge the bodie. For wée haue séene some which beyng exactly well purged, haue thereby béene very well cured.

There be also which giue the second time sirupes laxatiue, by putting vnto them either Sene, or Agaricke, or Hormo∣dactales, namely such as the Apoticaries shops doe yeeld vs.

Tertie deinceps die] the third day afterwards.

I would aduise the Chirurgion to trie all other remedies before he procéede to these sharpe kind of curinges. For this manner of crue is verie lothsome and daungerous. And who would not feare the force, the pearcing and power re∣flexiue of Quicksiiluer. For whiles you doe anoynt the legges and the armes, you driue the matter inward, and contrarie to the method of Galen, for you force it from the ignoble or outward parts, vnto the chiefe and principall en∣traills.

And yet it is by experience well prooued, that many whose health was dispaired of, hath béene well recouered, by this extreame manner of curing. And least such an experiment shoulde séeme to bée without reason, my iudgement is that these kinde of medicines consist of such thinges as doe burne the rootes, and séedes. And doe drie vp, absterge, desolue and turne into sweate the whole masse or matter of this disease, as shall playnely appeare to him that considerately wayeth the composition of the medicine.

Quam primum igitur apparuerit] assoone therefore as it shall appeare.

This spittle or fluxe of the mouth is not to bée stayed, but suffered to haue his course, and the mouth must bée washed with wine or with Alome water.

And sometimes there followeth such exulceration of the mouth, that the patientes for certaine dayes at the first can neyther eate nor drinke.

Their téeth bée loosed, their breath stinketh, and it is knowen by experience that many haue gone away shine∣ring and trembling after the manner of a Palsie, and after the vnction to haue come againe to others for helpe.

I will here report what I saw at Parris. A certayne

young 〈…〉〈…〉 with a staffe, died the third day of a 〈…〉〈…〉 being opened, the bone appeared corrupt and foule. Wherein was found a quantitie of Quicksiluer. And therefore it is to be obserued that in any wi••e the head be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 anoynted. And that there be no great porcion of the Quicksiluer in the medicine, but let there be vsed in some more, and in some lesse, as occa∣sion serueth.

The order of curing the French poxe, by fumiga∣tion or perfume. Cap. 10.

FIrst of all let there be a cha•…•… prepared per∣forated in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like a stoole, in y^e which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are wont to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 our b•…•…les. Let there be also prepared a p•…•…ili•…•… of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 streigned out with a round 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made of ••wigges, or some other matter, to that the whole come wherein 〈…〉〈…〉 is to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, may containe the mea∣••ure of three palmes. Let the p•…•…ition be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 couered ouer the head, that the ••ume may be suffered to goe out no where. Where the pacient shall sit, let there be appointed in some v••ssell burning coles vnder his chaire, into the which there must be cast one ••ittle 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of their which we haue prepared 〈…〉〈…〉 time. And after he hath swet an houre, we must take great héede that he take no colde. But let him be caried to his •…•…dde, being wrapped with the linnen and shéetes wherewith he was couered in the pa•…•…ion, wherein let him lye the whole daye and night.

This same shalbe done in like wise two other daies con∣tinuallie, and for euerie fumigation let there b•• applied thrée little b•…•…ls in their order, vntill the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which we will tell you off be ended and consumed. But all maner order of diet is to be obserued which in the last saide Chapter is sette foorth.

For the pacient shall 〈…〉〈…〉 fumigation is 〈…〉〈…〉.

• ...Rec. C•…•…la••ij. ℥.ij.ss. 〈…〉〈…〉.
• ...Thuris, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 liquide, an. ʒj.ss. 〈…〉〈…〉. Et fiant 〈…〉〈…〉.

Annotations of the 10. Chapter.

The 〈…〉〈…〉 likewise a cure by ••umi∣gacion, they place the p•…•…ient vppon a hollow Charie, they couer him very wel ouer with shetes or clothes, that no part of his 〈…〉〈…〉 French•…•…se•…•…, with whick 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ume the pari•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉. It is a most dau••g••∣rouse kinde of medicine, which I neuer d•…•…st apply, but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to certaine parts of the •…•…die, 〈…〉〈…〉 l••gges, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 when there are in there some pla•…•… •…•…ding to morti•…•…ati∣on, as Spas••lus, or when then 〈…〉〈…〉 or swellinge, or 〈…〉〈…〉 or r••bellions. Then to vse ••umigations to these parts, I thinke it must necessarie. But I for my part doe will you to abstaine from it, and not to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 nor follow 〈…〉〈…〉 practicioners, who doe 〈…〉〈…〉 they presume to giue y^e pilles made of quick siluer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 paciente. In which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 v. reade Brassa••olus, a most •…•…∣ned Phisition, sometime to haue bene. They 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vse this Ci∣naber, because there is in it the facultie and power of quick∣siluer.

Of the order of curing the French poxe with the Docoction of Guaicum. Cap. 11.

THe drinking of this medicine hath a great pr•…•…ogatiue in •…•…ling the French poxe, whether it doe oppresse vs with Vlcers, or with griefes, or swellings, •…•…abbe, ague, con∣sumpcion, or with any other aff•…•….

Yea, I my selfe haue healed with this medicine, such as haue bene diseased of the goute, and verie ma•…•… wasted and cōsumed away with the French poxe, and ••epriued of all mouing both hand and foote, which dayly dyd 〈◊〉〈◊〉 away with greatnesse of paine.

Then the bodie being prepared with Si•…•…pes applyed to the hurtful humors, 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉, mell Rosirum, 〈…〉〈…〉, opithi•…•…, et simillia. The bodie is to be pur∣ged 〈◊〉〈◊〉 catap••tijs. aggregatiuis, aut de Hermodactilis, aut de Arei••, aut Arthreticis, aut Fr•…•…oterre, as shalbe expedient. And the purgation once done, let him be prepared againe to a second purgation with this decoction folowing.

• ...Rec. Poligodij Quircini mul•…•… Co•…•…si. ℥.iij.
• ...Folliculorum sen•• ℥.j.
• ...Thimi, Epithi•…•…. Ana. p.j.

Let there be made a decoction in vi. li. of water vnto the consuming of a third part, wherevnto shalbe added, Pulderi. Hermodactilorum in modum Tritorum. ℥.j. and after in the str••igning and colender strongly made, adde therevnto Mellis Communis. li.j. Saccharj Rubri. li.ss. And let them boyle till they be clarified, and so euery day in the morning and in the euening two or thrée houres after noone, let him take of the Sirope li.ss. vnto the whole be drunke vp. Yet so that euery time the decoction be first stirred together, which preparacion being performed, let the body be purged the secōd time cum Drachma semis Pillulis Catapotiorū dic∣torum. The second day after the purgacion, he shall begin to take the decoction of Guaiacum prepared in this order.

• ...Rec. Ligni sa••sti. ••a•…•…e Molli••. ℥.iij.
• ...Corticis Ide•• Ligu•• apod Iodor 〈◊〉〈◊〉. ℥.xij.
• ...Vi••i Albi 〈…〉〈…〉.
• ...A••quae Fo•…•…, 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Let them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 together for xxiiii. houres in a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of glasse, and after that let them boyle by little and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with a soft fire, and the pot close couered vntill the con•…•…ing of a third part, wherevnto 〈…〉〈…〉 Hermo•…•…ctilo∣rum Valde Tritorum. ℥.ij. The which thou shalt also 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the pot with the decoction, that they may be mingled the better together. Then •…•…er it and remoue it straight from the fire, which when it is colde and ••elled together, be made two Cal•…•…ures in two 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the out of a greate•• quantitie, and thother of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and let the 〈…〉〈…〉 cleane vessell for common drinke at dinner and supper. Let the other be made with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 expression and be set aside also in the the other vessell, of the which ••arely in the morning and in the euening two or thrée houres after none, but in the winter foure houres after supper, he shall take viii. ounces 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the winter as aforesaide, but in the sommer ye shall not néede to 〈◊〉〈◊〉. But if thou meanest to make the decoction aforesaid more affectual, in stéede of water, take the fecis of the decoction and boyle it to a third part, and put thereto wine, and let the rest be done as we haue tolde you in the decoction before set foorth, vntill all be drunke vp.

An order of diet is to be kept, at what time the bodie pur∣ged and prepared with •…•…upes, then do we graunt to the pa∣cient at noone Weather 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••o••de, and raisons at night, But at what time he do•…•… drinke y^e decoction of Guaiacum, and entreth sweate, he must lye in his bedde dul••e couered, and shall eate and suppe with raisons & a little bread, if his strength be able to •…•…ide it.

But if the 〈…〉〈…〉 and more delicate then ••e is able to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a dyet, the pacient may dine with a 〈…〉〈…〉 without pot•…•…, but let him sup onely with 〈…〉〈…〉.

By this onely dyer, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is to be gouerned to the xxx, day: which pasted ouer, hée may eate. 〈…〉〈…〉 a day. That is to say, at dinner and supper to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ay more or lesse according to the condition of the dissease. Let heede be taken notwithstanding in the meane time, that the pa∣cient doe not drin•…•… wine or any order water. And if it shal please him when the wether is warme to rise out of his bed, let him rise, when xx. dayes bée passed ouer, and two houres after his sweate.

For thus it shall come to passe, that the said order being kept, the pa••ient shalbe restored to his ••ealth with a very good temperature of his members, and an excellent faire state of body. And in like order wée may redute to ••ealth, such as bée troubled with the Goute, the Pa•…•…ey, and also the convulcion or Crampe, so that we haue this in remem∣••rance, that is, that the barke of this Lignum sanctum is to be barked off among the Indians, because that which is bar∣ked with vs, is of lesse ver•…•…e. Likewise the wood which is brought to vs without the barke, is not allowed, because the strength thereof is exhausted, and being dare without the barke, is ••oone corrupted, and the wood also without hart, is not allowed for the same cause.

Annotations of the xi. Chapter.

When this disease began first, the common practicionerse vsed presently for the cure therof vnctions which are made of caustick medicines. Being instructed as these learned of the Arabians, that those cacoethicall vlcers, and such like are cu∣red by such kind of medicines. But I truely do thinke it far better to applie such remedies which our later Phisitions 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

THis 〈…〉〈…〉 to make the •…•…∣doction as méete is. For they erre greatly 〈…〉〈…〉 in lib.iij. of water to the consuming of 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣thers bid boyle 〈…〉〈…〉 which thinges in my iudgement, eyther the Physitions and not 〈…〉〈…〉 cōtent with 〈…〉〈…〉.

Who if they 〈…〉〈…〉.

I haue 〈…〉〈…〉 v. lib. of water to the 〈…〉〈…〉. By whiche 〈…〉〈…〉 they get a hot distēperature of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and for that cause doe easilie reuerse into the disease againe.

For this Rubus is of a hot and drie temperature, almost to the third deg•…•…, which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it is boyled in to small a quantitie of water, and 〈…〉〈…〉 long a time, and the thing so ponderous, it doth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a great deale more. And therefore is not so good in the healing of this disease now be∣come so melancholicke.

But if as we shall declare vnto you, it be boyled in a

lesser dose and a greater quantitie of water, and lesse time, they may vse the decoction as well in the euening as in the morning, aswell lying as walking, without swet, or swea∣ting, in hot weather or colde, so that they abstaine frō other drinks, and be content with that onely at dinner & supper. And furthermore, by this onely order of boyling Rubie, it shall easily come to passe that y^e pacients may be healed with one onely lib. although they be loosed in all, their ioynts, & with lesse cost. Without the vs of bisquet bread, and with∣out the kéeping of so slender a diet, as that is which others doe vse.

First of all therefore the bodie being prepared with the order aforesaid, and purged according to the state of the pa∣cient, and qualitie of the disease, ye shall giue him the Apo∣zema set foorth in the former chapter, and shalbe purged the second time also.

These things being finished, he shall begin to drink the Decoction prepared of Rubie Vittigine, otherwise called Sarza parille.

Rec. Rubi parille, ℥.iij. cut into small péeces and brused, Sene. ℥.ss. brused, of water lib.xii. in a cleane vessel, in which let them be soked, xxiiii houres. And afterward let them be boyled with a soft fier to the consuming of iii. lib. of the wa∣ter, or more, at what time put to the same decoction Hermo∣dactilorum tritorum et subactorum, ℥.j. And mingle it toge∣ther with the other things couering the pot, & let them coole being remoued from the fier, and let this decoction be giuen to drinke of dinner and supper as ye think best, and if thirst, shalbe great, at other times also, but in lesse quātitie. When thou wilt make the pocion somewhat stronger, boyle againe in a pot full of water that léese of the first decoction which remained after the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the consuming of ii. lib. And 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the rest of the thing•• as aforesaid. And the other de∣coctions shalbe made in this sort vntill he be perfectly cured. Which the pacient shall attaine vnto, within the space of

xx. daies, eating the fodde flesh of Mutton, or Hen, supping alwaies with raisons, and drinking the aforesaid decoction.

Annotations of the xij. Chapter.

Salsa parilla, taketh his name of the Spaniards in their natiue tongue, of a certaine likenesse it hath with rough Smilax, and for as much as it is of the same force, and doth resemble the nature of Smilax, I can the easelier consent to referre it to some kinde thereoff. Mathiolus thought it to be the rootes of E•…•…us, but he doth not constantly affirme it, neither is it to be affirmed. For as much as the rootes of E∣bulus is more thicker, as in Dioscorider may apeare. Nei∣ther was there euer brought vnto vs, of so great a •…•…∣nesse.

The vse of this roote is so common, & the medicine so vsu∣all, that you may finde the decoction made of this roote as common among the Spaniards, as the water or decoction of Licori•…•…. And now men are of opinion, that it is not onely of force against the French pox, but also doth cure singular well all affects or sicknesses which procéede of colde mat∣ter.

It is brought foorth of new Spaine, albeit y^e kinde of Sal∣sa parma is now refused, & and ther fort farre better being sould out in the same coun•…•…ie, which the Spaniards do call Honduras. For this kinde is more thick, & is not so white, but more yellowish, and is more bright within.

That is best liked which is newest and not putrified or corrupted, and being broken in ones hands is not brittle. Our auctor both 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this roole to be hot about the third degrée. But Mona•…•… which hath written at large of this matter, sayth it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no 〈◊〉〈◊〉 then to the second •…•…∣grée: whose iudgement in my 〈◊〉〈◊〉 i•• the better.

For being fasted, there is felt no sharpnes at all, neither when it is boyled, doth it yéeld any such tast. The maner how to boyle it is written by the aucthor, in the which place he doth iustlie cōdemne such extreme heates in the boyling of the roote. For when as the roote is boyled in extreme sort with the fire, and doth grow excéeding hoote by exter∣nall bea•…•…, in such sort that it hurteth both the liuer, and the reines.

And there be other reasones wherefore not onely this roote, but also other ought not to be boyled in such extreame sort, which are to be sought of such aucthors which haue written of the composition of medicienes, as of Montanus. Roudoletius, Motuus, Busdorpius. For we shall séeme to haue done enough if we show the places frō whence a more plentifull knowledge is to be sought and attained.

Of the curing of a distort foote of a childe, lame from his natiuitie. Cap. 13.

IT oftentimes happeneth that a Childe is borne with one foote or both distorte, or cro∣ked, or turning backward, so that he maye hardly goe, and for that cause. I would de∣liuer an order in this place, by the which I haue deliuered verie many being lame, a∣mong whome there was onemost hard to be cured, dwelling at Llerena, but yet by mine industrie he was cured, and in the order heareaster to be declared, he was restored to health.

First of all, therefore let the childe vse a due order of diet, and let his féete, be washed with •• pleasant hand for xxx. dayes with this decoction folowing.

• ...Rec. Radicum Altheae. •…•….j.
• ...Seminis Ferrugreci.
• ...Seminis Lini. Ana. ℥.iiij.
• ...Plo•…•… Chamomell.
• ...et Me•…•…. Ana. M.j.
• ...Caput cum pedib{us} veruice cum lane et p•…•…le cō••use.

Let them be boyled in sufficient water to the seperating of the bones, and when they be strained, let there be a bath shade toward the fouth 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and in the spring time, be∣cause in the winter it is not good, least the neruouse partes and the ioyntes be hurt •…•…ith colde. When this •…•…on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bath is finished (which shall so long endure as it continueth warme) the moisture is to be wiped away with a linnen cloth, and let his féete be anointed with this oyntment fo∣lowing.

• ...Rec. Olei Vulp•…•….
• ...Olei de Lilio.
• ...Amigdalarum Dulcium. Ana. ℥.j.
• ...Vnguenti Agrippae.
• ...Vnguenti Dealtheae. Ana. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Medulle Crurum Vituli, et Vaccar•…•…. Ana. ℥.ss.
• ...Pinguedinis Ga•…•…ae. Anatis.
• ...Ansens, Ardeae. Ana. ʒ.vj.
• ...Pinguedinis V•…•…ine, et taxi. Ana. ℥.j.
• ...Pinguedinis Porcinae. ℥.ss.

Let them boyse all together a•• ss. ℥. of the foresaid deco•…•…∣on to the consuming thereof, and after the colature, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 there be made an oyntment with a little waxe, and it is to be rubbed on vntill it seeme to be drunke in. These things being done by the space vt xxx. daies.

Let a seranune sit downe, and take the child vpon his knées, his handes, and legges bound backeward, or his hands hol∣den. Afterwards the Surgion comming, st•…•…t let him loose or put out of ioynt the lame foote with great force, then let him labour to put it in his due place 〈◊〉〈◊〉 right order againe, which shalbe done verie easilie, partly for the preparation before made, and partly because of the tender age of the childe.

This reposition being made, let there straight waies be put to a fine linen cloth dipt in the oyle of Mirtes warmed vpon the whole ioynt without •…•…rinliles, least she binding doe trouble him with griefe, and after that, let there be put therevpon plaisters dipt in the liniment following and du∣lie wroung out againe.

• ...Rec. Trium Ouorum Albumina.
• ...Olei Omphacim, et Myrrthini, ana. ℥.j.
• ...Pulueris Triteceae farinae; et hordiacei, ana. ʒ.ij.
• ...Boli Armeni Triti. ℥.ss.
• ...Sanguis Draconis. ʒ.iij.
• ...Pulueris sequenti. ℥.iij. miss••.

The description of the which pouder consisteth of these thinges following.

• ...Rec. Boli Armeni. ℥.j.ss.
• ...Thuris, Masticis, Sarcacollae, ana. ʒ.ij.ss.
• ...Myrrhae, Aloes, ana. ʒ.j.ss.
• ...Tragacāti, Sanguinis Draconis, ana. ʒ.iiij.
• ...Farinae hordiei, et Fabarum, ana. ʒ.ss. miss•• et fiat. p.

Therfore these plaisters vpon the said linen clothes being moystned, let them so••e againe in Rose water and Vineger, and so wrong out, let them be spred abrode vpon the ioyne with a measurable heate, straight waies a galage or patent of wood made euen to the foote and somewhat greater, and

a thing quilted and pla•…•…d therevpon is to bée applied to the soole of the foote, and to be bound to the foote with a swath of thrée fingers broad, although they striue to draw the foote contrarie, beginning from the lower part with a barie few rollinges about, Againe, aboue vpon the plaisters bounde downe in this order, ••e must applye thrée s•…•…ntes which wil not easilie ••end made of •…•…llow, of the length of fiue •…•…a∣gers, and one in bredth, which when they shalbe artificially couered with two, they ought to bée wet in water and vi∣neger as the plaisters were, and afterwarde the first splint must bée put in the hinder part, so as it may séeme to bée put into the woodden patent, and the other two vpon both sides, vpon the which all the fast••ninges is to bée made, nepther loose nor yet to harde.

The next thou shalt cure thother foote in the same or∣der, letting it so remayne vntill the seuenth day. Which be∣ing done in the order following, either the other fote or both (if he bée lame of both) are to bée ordered.

• ...Rec. Terebinthinae. ℥.ij.ss.
• ...Olei Myrrthini. ℥.ij.
• ...Olei Rosati. ℥.j.
• ...Thuris, Masticis. ʒ.j.ss.
• ...Myrrhae, Aloes. ana. ʒ.ij.
• ...Sanguinis Draconis.
• ...Boli Armenij. ana. ℥.ss.
• ...Pollinis, et.
• ...Pulueris rubei ante discripcionis. ℥.j. Miss••.

And let it bée applied warme vpon the plaisters, with the splintes and swathes in the order aforesaid. After this is done, this order is to bée renewed euery seuenth day, to the xxi. day, from the first wéeke, and wée must take great care that the féete remayne straight, this frame following being made in proporcion with the shoe.

Take a plate of Iron the bredth of a flager, in thicke

nesse of a Dolor of siluer, of the length of the foote of the same childe, and somewhat lesse, bowe it like a spurre, and so make it fitte for his héele to the which, on both sides of the ancles, thou shalt fasten thereto, two other plates of the length of sixe fingers. A third like in the hinder part.

After this, thou shalt with another plate compasse, as the nether plate is, inclose the vpper ende of the straight plates being fastned thereto, yet so that it bée open before, and close behind, and so the whole frame made sure. Vpon this frame must bée set the shooe for the lame foote, of Gotes skinne without, and shéepes skinne within, with a double sole. Yet so that the frame be betwéene both skinnes. And the necks of the shooe may touch to that round plate. Wher∣by it is euident y^• the shooe ought to bée open before, & where it resteth vpon the insteppe of the foote, and that it should bée fastened with a lace from the instep vpward.

Therefore before his féete be shodde, let the plaister com∣fortatiue of Vigo ••e put vpon the whole ioynt, that the swellings and humors cleauing fast within the ioynt, may be desolued, and the ioynt made more strong. Then shooe∣ing the foote aboue the plaister, the pacient shall not haue his shooes put off, but euerie fourth day, & the plaister must bée mundified, and mollified.

But if that emplaister shalbée desolued in the meane time, let another bée newlie applied. And the patient may goe in this order, vntill sixe monethes bée passed, the which being passed ouer, and the plaisters remooued, the shooes are not therefore to bée left off, but rather let him passe ouer sixe other monethes being thus shodde night and day. Ex∣cept that time in the which it liketh him to bée bathed. The discription of the plaister comfortatiue is in this sort.

Empla∣strum comfor∣tatiuū.

• ...Rec. Olei Myrrthini.
• ...Olei Rosati omphacini. ana. lib.ss.
• ...Succi radicum alth•…•…. lib.ij.

• ...Radicis fra••me, et foliorum.
• ...Radicis Symphiti, et foliorum.
• ...Myrrthe et foliorum eius.
• ...Foliorum salicis. ana. M.ii.

Let all boyle being somewhat brused in like quantitie, Vini nigri et aque, ad consumptionem medie talis, cum my••∣rho et thuris, ana. ʒ.ss. Postea coletur addendo seui hircini liquefacti. lib.ss. Terebinthinae. ℥.ij. Masticis. ʒ.j. simul coquā∣tur ad consumpcionem decoctionis, et in sine addentur li∣thargirij auri et argenti, ana. ℥.iij. Boli armenij, Triti subtili∣ter, Terre sigillatae, ana. ℥.ij. Minij. ʒ.x.

Let be boyled together with a soft fier continually stir∣ring it, and with sufficient ware, make thereof a Carote.

An example of the wounds in the head. To the healing. Cap. 14.

HOw much both harme and delay to healing the common custome to open the place con∣trarie to that which we haue taught in the beginning may bring to simple woūds in the head, in the which Cranium is not broken, besides many other examples, this one doth sufficiently confirme. Which was proued and set foorth, in Ioh. Gemetius de columbis Cazzalensi, at the charges of our Soueraigne Lord King Phillippe, doth search the mo•…•…∣taines and landes to finde out Mines, whiles he doth dili∣gently applie his busines to séeke together with his fellowes in a verie déepe Mine, perceiuing a péece of earth which had a shew of metall, he stouped downe hastelie to take it vp, whōe his fellow vnwares strake a slope with thother ends of his Mattocke, as he lifted vp his stroke sodenly, and that not grieuously, in the right, side of the head vpon the bone which is called Laterale, neither did the wounde touch to

Craniū, nor gaue any significaciō of y^e bone broken because in déede the bone was not perished. An vnskilfull Surgion opening his wound, made it a great deale more, and did cut a crosse in his head thrée fingers square, and vncouered Cra∣nium at his pleasuer enough. After that he vsed digestiues and oyles so largely many daies, that he is reported to haue bestowed in oyle and egges to apply to the wound, aboue xv. rialls of plate, so that not onely that part of Cranium o∣pened, but a much greater part also was putrified. At length after one moneth when I was sent for of maister Mondosus (which by the kings commaundement was maister ouer the accompts and works, and all the mettalls) to sée the man, I commanded him to be brought to Llarena, (where vppon a common fée I did practise Phisicke) forasmuch as it was néedefull to pluck foorth a great part of his bone, which not∣withstanding by reason of the narrower opening of y^e woūd, could not be brought foorth. And wheras I did refuse to open so much, I made an orifice with the Trepan, to the greatnes of a siluer mony called a Roiall, so that the membrane dyd appeare, and the filthie matter which was corrupted & made from day to day, might be purged at that part, and so by that Balme of mée set foorth, and the emplaister of Gummi Eli∣mi, and lints, I did so long procecute in the cure, vntill I vn∣derstoode by prouing with my instruments, that the bone was cleane seperated away on euery side, and Dura mater to concist with flesh ouer couered. Therefore that I draw out so great a bone at this so little a hole, I got me an instrumēt to the likenesse of a trepan, wherewith I might make a hole as great as an iron spindle, of our countrie women might make, with which instrument I did perforate all the bone corrupted in maner of a crosse very néere one to another, I began my worke from the middle of the place where the vp∣per bone of the wound did disclose, which I had prepared to the greatnesse of a siluer plate. The space betwéene the holes I breake off with the Leuatorie, which yelded as I brake

it very easilie, when I had now dispatched these thinges, first of all lifting vp one of these foure porcions with my in∣strument, I drew it out, and then another, and so the third. The fourth which was the greatest I left vntill the next day, which at length I drew foorth. All the bone called La∣terale and a good part also of Petrosum on that side, and no small porcion of Coronale which beneth to the former part was drawne foorth. There commeth foorth of Petrosum so much in a manner as extendeth towards thoriginall of the eare, when these bones were drawen foorth, Dura mater which had begun now in y^e meane while to induce flesh, had induced so beyond all measure, that I was twise forced to cut of the rank flesh from the orifice which I had of late made. After this when he began to mend, he departed to Cazzalla, of whom after a moneth I was sent for, because his head about the bone of the hinder part he had a great swelling and full of corruption, which when I had opened, I found bones which were corrupted a great deale more then those that were spoken off before. Then I bad him come to me to Llerena. The next day after artificiallie I drew out thrée bones as great as those wer before, but much more corrupt. And so he was left lacking all the bone in the hinder part of the head in a manner, and no small por∣cion also of the other side of the left bone. But the wounds were couered with skinne and flesh on euery side, but yet of a tender and soft constitution, which by little and little wax∣ed hard. And the man himselfe is well, being thus deliuered by the benefit of God.

An example of Barriga. Cap. 15.

BArriga, a man well knowen among the men of Llerena, receaued a wound in his brest, with somewhat a long sword which they call Verdugū, vnder the left pappe the space of two fingers almost distant, the sword came forth the

right way beside the back bone called Medullaris, swaruing frō the back bone as much as is y^e thicknesse of one finger, comming foorth a little vnder the bone of the back & the pan or left wing of y^e lungs, was thrust through not farre from the heart, as the sight of the place sheweth. But he was cu∣red in that order, which is set foorth of vs in the first chapter of the second booke, and whiles the cure proceded, the tenth day after he was wounded, a great abundance of bloud did issue out of the wound of the lungs, by reason of the continu∣all mocion of the same. Which conflowing within the brest, was congeled. The next dressing great porcions of conge∣led bloud, together with corrupt matter made of the wound came foorth, not without meruaile of the standers by, because they were greater porcions then should be beléeued that they might be receaued as they came foorth, or sent foorth of the bodie. These accidents considered, when I saw the pacient power out euery day twise too great abundance of corrupci∣on, I determined to change my purpose, meaning to proue that waye as I taught you how Fistulaes should be cured, and foorthwith I began.

And when two daies together I hadde giuen him that water to drink which is there set foorth, at length all the con∣geled bloud together with the corrupted matter came foorth, in two other daies the corrupted matter consumed away al∣so, and by and by he was deliuered of his ague, and being in most short time made whole, he became so very fat, that great matter was offered to thē that knew the man, to praise God.

An example of a certaine familier friend of Lodouike Zapata. Cap. 16.

THis man being a familier friend of maisher Lewis Zapata, was wounded with a broade dagger foure times behinde his back, and stri∣ken on the left side, but of those wounds one was receaued the breadth of sixe fingers vn∣der the shoulder bone, the dagger yelding back, went downe betwene the flesh and the bone as much as I haue oftentimes measured to be seuen fingers breadth, vntill the dagger passing through all the shoulder, & thrust betwéene the spaces of the ribbes came to the verie holow∣nesse of the bodie. Before that I came thether after I was sent for, I did coniecture by those things that happened after, great abundance of bloud gushing out of all partes of the wound, to haue runne into the holownesse of the bodie. But that bloud could not come foorth, because the wound being couered with the skinne and the flesh, did penetrate down∣ward which way it is very like that the fluxes did also tend. For y^e first opening of the dagger was déeper thē y^t the blood might well breake foorth. So I when I had begun my first cure, nor could finde no direct going downe, would haue thought that it had penetrate no more then the rest. After I had serched the place more diligently, and thrust in my fin∣ger, I perceiued that the wound did go downe farther then I could follow with my finger. Therefore when I had per∣ceiued that the wound did penetrate to the concauite, I ope∣ned the place ouer against the ribbes cutting the skinne and the flesh directly against it, so that putting in my finger I might easely come to the innermore parts, and touch also the lights which is nert the back bone. But he was cured in that order as I haue shewed you in the penetrating wounds of the breast, and at the first dressing there was no corrupcion or matter made, but a certaine small humiditie did issue foorth, but the fourth day water of a sanguine coulour flow∣ed out as that is in the which flesh is washed, and dayly as his dressings dyd follow, it came out more abūdantly, so that

euerie dressing it did fill a vessell which they call a saucer, and that it might issue out the better and more spéedelie, I had the pacient to cough and holde in his breath, hée was dressed of me foure times a day, and beside that which ranne out at euery dressing, the issue stayed not day nor night, so that his bed was like a sinke or ditch. Therfore at the fourth day when I perceiued such fluxe of water to continue with∣out any token of matter, I did determine to giue the pati∣ent that water set forth by vs in the last example. And by and by assoone as he began to drinke thereof, by the conti∣nuall space of twelue daies, a greater abundance of water or mattrie substance came foorth without any hurt of the man or any great féeling, but so that the second day it came foorth somewhat white and liquid.

But the thirde day a great deale whiter vntill it came foorth so white and thicke, cleauing fast to the vessell wher∣in it was receaued, that it would skantly runne out being turned downe, but it ranne foorth euerie day lesse and lesse vntill the xii. day, in the which at length it stinted, and the entrance of the wound did sodenly close vppe in the vtter parte thereof, which although I did oftentimes open with my instrumentes, yet did it send foorth neither matter, or a∣ny such humor, neither came the breath foorth there as be∣fore, and so the cure procéeded, the pacient being yet possessed with a continuall feuer.

Wherefore thrée daies together, I added to that water of whole barly, and Raisons brused with their kirnells, and of Tamarinds. ℥.ij. And by this meanes the feuer ware away. The tenth day after I found the man troubled with great paine in the brest, and with a feuer. And when I found that great abundance of water or watrie substance came out of the brest without matter, after I had put in a tente, there came foorth as yet more watrie or filthie corruption. And so it was sixe dayes after casting foorth of the wound lesse matter euerie day.

After this the flaxe stinted, and the wound healed. And the man as yet by the helpe of God liueth, and is verie well.

A generall rule for the Phisition and the Surgion.

THose which will take vpon them to make a∣ny confection or to minister Phisicke, ought most especially to vnderstand the commodi∣ties comming of medicines, and the same may be read in Auicene and other writers, the qualities of simple medicines are to bée knowen also. And what partes of the body they doe respect. For there are medicines which do corroborate some pecu∣liar part of the body, as Mentha doth heate all the bodie, but especially the stomacke, which commeth to passe through a certaine sympathie, that is to say a mutuall combinaci∣on in naturall operacion of that hearbe and the stomacke, as in an other place we haue spoken of Betonica, Melissa, Cucurbita, Chamapithi, Nux Muscala, Camedri, Lauro, Cen∣tauria, which respect the head, ye must consider also in pre∣scribing your decoctions, that the thinges which be of a gro∣ser substance be put in the first place, for rootes are to be decocted first and of longer time, in the seconde place hearbes, in the thirde séedes, in the fourth fruites, in the fifth flowers, in the sixt spices.

And this is to bée noted also, that rootes and séedes are measured Pondere, hearbes Manipulis, flow∣ers, Pugillis, and fruites, Numero.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Signes of death of the wounds in the breast.
• * 1.2

  Conuul∣sio. Tremor cordis.
• * 1.3

  Signes of a Fi∣stulae.
• * 1.4

  Dry stitching