A nievve herball, or historie of plantes wherin is contayned the vvhole discourse and perfect description of all sortes of herbes and plantes: their diuers [and] sundry kindes: their straunge figures, fashions, and shapes: their names, natures, operations, and vertues: and that not onely of those whiche are here growyng in this our countrie of Englande, but of all others also of forrayne realmes, commonly vsed in physicke. First set foorth in the Doutche or Almaigne tongue, by that learned D. Rembert Dodoens, physition to the Emperour: and nowe first translated out of French into English, by Henry Lyte Esquyer.

¶ The fyfth part of the Historie of Plantes / treating of the differences / fashions / names / vertues, and operations of herbes, rootes, and fruites, whiche are dayly vsed in meates: Set foorth by Rembertus Dodonaeus. (Book 5)

Of Orache. Chap. i.

❀ The Kindes.

ORache as Dioscorides writeth, is of two sortes: the garden Orache, and the wilde Orache.

[illustration]

Atriplex satiua. Garden Orache.

[illustration]

Atriplex syluestris. Wylde Orache.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] GArden Orache hath long straight stalkes, rounde next the roote, and square aboue with many branches. The leaues be (almost triangled) long and broade, of a feynt yellow, or white colour, as if they were ouerstrowen with meale or flower, especially those leaues that are yet yong and new sprong vp. The flowers growe at the top of the branches a number clustering togither, small and yellow, and afterwarde commeth the seede, which is broade, and couered with a litle skinne or rime. The roote is full of hearie stringes.

There is also another kinde of Garden Orache, whose leaues, stalkes, and

flowers, be of a browne red colour, but in all thinges els lyke to the leaues, stalkes and flowers of the white Orache both in bignesse and proportion.

[ 2] The wilde Orache hath also a long stalke moulded or crested, with leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of the garden Orache, but somewhat lesser, and creuised or a little snipt rounde about. The flowers be yellowishe. The seede is harde, and groweth thicke clustering togither, lyke as the seede of the garden Orache. The roote is full of heares.

Of this wilde kinde, there is also founde another sort, the whiche groweth not very high, but remayneth lowe, and spreade abroade into many branches. It hath little long narrowe leaues nothing snipt or creuished about. The flowers, seede, and rootes are very muche lyke vnto the wilde kinde before described.

❀ The Place.

The garden Orache groweth amongst other pot herbes in gardens.

The wilde Orache is founde alongst the feeldes and wayes.

❀ The Tyme.

Orache flowreth in Iune and Iuly, and almost all the sommer.

❀ The Names.

It is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Atriplex: of some Chrysolacha∣non▪ that is to say in Latine, Aureum olus: in Frenche, Arroches, or Bonnes Dames: in high Douche, Molten, and Milten: in base Almaigne, Melde: in English, Orache.

[ 1] The garden Orache is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Atriplex satiua, and Hortensis in high Douche, Heymisch Molten, Zam Molten, and Garden Molten: in base Almaigne, Tam Melde.

[ 2] The wilde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Atriplex syluestris: in high Douche, Wilde Molten, Ackermolten: in base Almaigne, Wilde Melde.

The lesser wilde kinde is called in high Douche, Kleyn Scheiszmilten: in base Almaigne, Cleyne Melde.

❀ The Nature.

Orache is colde in the first degree, and moyst in the seconde, especially gar∣den Orache, the whiche is more colder and moyster, than the wilde Orache.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Orache eaten in pottage as other herbes, doth soften and loose the belly.

[ B] The seede of Orache taken in Meade or Honied water, doth open and comfort the stopped lyuer, and is good against the Iaundize, or Guelsought.

[ C] Greene Orache brused, is very good to be layde vppon inflammations and hoate swellinges. that of the garden, at the beginning of the swelling or in∣flammation: and the wilde, at the ende or going away of the same.

[ D] With Saltpeter, honie & vineger, it is layd to Cholerique inflammations, called Wilde Fier (bycause it doth wast and consume the member it is in): and also to the gowte.

❧ The Danger.

The often vse of Orache engendreth many infirmities, ouerturneth the stomacke, and causeth diuers spottes, freckles, or pimples to artse in the face, and all the rest of the body. Also it is harde of digestion, as sayth Diocles, and Dionysius.

Of Blites. Chap. ij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Blites, the great and the small, and euery of them is diuided againe into two kindes, whereof the one is white, and the other redde, and doth common in this Countrie.

❀ The Description

[ A] THE great white Blite groweth two or three foote high, & hath grayish, or white rounde stalkes. The leaues be playne and smoth almost lyke the leaues of Orache, but not so soft, white, nor mealie. The flowers growe like Orache, and after them com∣meth the seede inclosed in litle flat huskie skinnes.

[ B] The great red Bleete is much lyke the other, sauing that his stalkes be very red, and the leaues of a browne greene color, changeable vpon redde, and so is the seede also.

[ 2] [ A] The lesser Blite with the greene stalke, is full of branches, and groweth vp soden∣ly. The leaues be long and narrowe or smal, not much vnlike y^e leaues of Beetes, sauing they be farre smaller. The flowers be browne turning towardes redde. The seede groweth clustering togither lyke O∣rache seede. The roote is full of hearie stringes.

[ B] The smal red Blite hath stalkes red as blood, and so are his leaues and rootes, in so muche that with the iuyce of this herbe, one may write as faire a red, as with roset made of Brasill: otherwyse it is lyke the rest of the kindes of other Blites.

[illustration]

Blitum maius. The great Blite. Blitum rubeum. The red Blite. Blitum album. The white Blite.

¶ The Place.

This herbe groweth wilde, and in some gardens amongst pot herbes, and where as it hath once taken roote, it commeth vp euery yeere, wherefore it is counted but a weede, or vnprofitable herbe.

❀ The Tyme.

It is founde most commonly in flower about midsomer.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Blitum: in Frenche, Blette, and Pourée rouge: in high and base Almaigne, Maier: in Englishe, Blite, and Blittes.

¶ The Nature.

This herbe is colde and moyst.

❀ The Vertues.

Blites eaten in pottage do soften the belly, but it hurteth the stomacke, and nourisheth not.

Of Goose foote. Chap. iij.

❀ The Description

GOose soote groweth a foote and a halfe high, or two foote in length, he stalke is straight and full of branches, the leaues be brode and deepely cut rounde about, almost like to a Ganders foote, wherefore it is so named. The flowers be small & reddish. The seede groweth clustering lyke the Orache seede. The roote is full of hearie threddes.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth wilde, and in vn∣toyled places, alongst by the way sides, and is taken but as a weede or vnprofitable herbe.

❀ The Tyme.

You shal finde it flowring in Iune, and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the writers in our tyme Pes Anserinus: in high Douche, Genszfusz: in Frenche, Pied d'oyson: in base Almaigne, Gansenvoet, and of some Schweinsztod, & Seutod, that is to say▪ Swines bane, bycause the Hogges eating of this herbe, are immediatly baned, or ta∣ken with the Murren, so that within short space they die.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is cold almost in the third degree.

[illustration]

Pes Anserinus.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe in operation is much like Morel or Nightshade and may be vsed outwardly to all thinges wherevnto Nightshade is required.

[illustration]

Tragium Germanicum.

Of the ranke Goate / or stin∣king Motherworte. Chap. iiij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe also is somewhat lyke Orache, but in al thinges smaller. This is a little lowe tender herbe with many long branches trayling on the ground. The smal leaues are whitish, as though they were ouerstrowen with meale, lyke to y^e leaues of Orache, but muche smaller, neither muche greater then the leaues of Marierom gentil. The seede is smal and white, and groweth clustering to∣gither like the seede of Orache. All the herbe stinketh like rotten corrupt fishe,

[illustration]

Tragium Germanicum.

or lyke stinking fishe broth, or lyke a ranke stinking Goate.

¶ The Place.

It groweth in this Countrie in sandie places by the way sides.

❀ The Tyme.

You may finde it in flower and seede, about midsomer.

❀ The Names.

This herbe hath no particuler Latine name, wherefore bycause of his stin∣king sauour, we do call it in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ▪ in Latine Tragium, that is to say, Goates herbe. And bycause you shal reade in Dioscorides of two other herbes called Tragia, to make some difference betwixt them, we do name this Tragium Germanicum: in Frenche, Blanche putain: in base Almaigne, Bocxcruyt: some call it Vuluaria, by whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes of this Conntrie: Valerius Cordus calleth it Garosmos: I haue named it in Englishe, The ranke stinking Goate, or stinking Motherwort. And is taken of some to be that stin∣king herbe, that of Plautus is named Nautea.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The smel of this herbe is good for women that are vexed with the rising vp of the mother: and for the same greefe, it is good to be layde vpon the nauell.

Of Beetes. Chap. v.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Beetes, the white and red. And of the red sorte are two kindes, the one hauing leaues and roote lyke to the white Beete, the other hath a great thicke roote, and is a stranger amongst vs.

[illustration]

Beta candida. White Beete.

[illustration]

Beta nigra. Redde Beete.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE white Beete hath great brode playne leaues, amongst the whiche riseth vp long cre∣sted or streked stalke. The flowers grow alongst by the stalkes one vpon another, like little Starres. The seede is rounde, harde, and rough. The toote is long & thicke, and white within.

[ 2] The common redde Beete is muche lyke vnto the white, in leaues, stalkes, seede, and roote: sauing that his leaues and stalkes are not white, but of a swart browne red colour.

[ 3] The strange red Beete is like to the cō∣mon red Beete, in leaues, stalkes, seede, proportion, & color, sauing that his roote is muche thicker, and shorter, very well like to a Rape or Turnep, but very redde within, and sweeter in tast then any of the other two sortes.

❀ The Place.

They sowe the Beete in gardens a∣mongst pot herbes. The strange redde Beete is to be founde planted in the gar∣dens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

Beetes doo seede in August, a yeere after their first sowing.

[illustration]

Beta nigra Romana. The strange red Beete.

❀ The Names.

Beetes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine & in Shoppes, Beta: in Frenche, Bete, Iotte, Porée: in high Douch, Mangolt: in base Almaigne, Beete.

[ 1] The white kind is called Sicula, and of some Sicelica, or Sicla, of the writer in our time, Beta candida. in Englishe, The white Beete: in French, Bete blanche: in high Douche, Weisser Sangolt: in base Almaigne, Witte Beete.

[ 2] The common red Beete is called Beta nigra: in French, Bete rouge: in Douch, Roter Mangol, and Roode Beete.

[ 3] The thirde is called Beta nigra Romana, that is to say, The Romayne or strange red Beete: in Frenche, Bete rouge Romaine, or Estrangere: in Douch, Room∣sche roode Beete: of some, Rapa rubra: albeit this is no kind of Rape or Naueau.

❀ The Nature.

Beetes are hoate, drie, and abstersiue, especially the white Beete, the which is of a more abstersiue and clensing nature.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of the white Beete dronken, openeth the belly, and clenseth the stomacke, but it must not be vsed to often, for it hurteth the stomacke.

[ B] The same with hony powred into a mans nose, purgeth the braine, and ope∣neth the stoppinges of the nose thrilles, and swageth the headache.

[ C] The same powred into the eares, taketh away the paynes in the same, and also the singing or humming noyse of the same.

[ D] The rawe leaues of Beetes pounde and layde to, heale the white scurffe, so that the place be first rubbed well with Saltpeter.

[ E] The same raw leaues pound are very good to be laid vpon spreading sores, & vpon the roome or noughty scales and scurffe, which causeth the heare to fal of.

[ F] The leaues sodden, are layd to as an emplaister, vppon burninges and scal∣dinges, hoate inflammations, and wheales comming of choler and blood.

[ G] The broth of Beetes scoureth away the scuruie scales, nittes, and lice of the head, being washed therwithall, and is good for mouled or kybed heeles, to be stued or soked in the same.

[ H] The rootes of Beetes put as a suppositorie into the fundement, doth soften the belly.

[ I] Beetes vsed in meates nourisheth but litle, but it is good for them that are splenitike: for being so vsed, it openeth y^e stoppings of the liuer & melt or splene.

[ K] The common red Beete boyled with Lentils, and taken before meate, stop∣peth the belly.

[ L] The roote of the Romaine or strange red Beete, is boyled and caten with oyle and vineger before other meates, and sometimes with pepper, as they vse to eate the common Parsenep.

Of Colewurtes / and Cabbage Cole. Chap. vi.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be diuers sortes of Colewurtes, not muche lyke one another, the which be al comprehended vnder two kindes, whereof one kinde is of the garden, and the other is wild. Agayne, these Colewurtes are diuided into other kindes. for of the garden Colewurtes, some be white, and some be red, and yet of them againe be diuers kindes.

[illustration]

Brassica Tritiana, siue Capitata.

[illustration]

Brassica Pompeiana, aut Cypria.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kinde of white Colewurtes, is the common white lofed or close Cabbage, y^t which hath great large leaues, ful of grosse veynes, ribbes, or sinewes, whereof the first leaues before the closing of the Cabbage, are of a white greene colour, but the others folowing next vnder them, are as white as snow, the which do grow so closely layd, & folden harde one with, and vpon another, that they are lyke to a great globe, or round bowle. These Colewurtes (winter being once gone & past) do spreade abrode by vnfolding them selues, and doo bring foorth both flowers and seede, as the other Colewurtes doo.

[ 2] The seconde kinde of white Colewurtes, is that whiche they call Sauoye Colewurtes. It is very much like to the white lofed Cabbage, & so it closeth, but nothing so firmely, neither is it so great nor so round as the aforesayd: but it abideth smaller, and in shape longer. This kind of Colewurtes cannot abide the colde, for most commonly it decayeth as soone as it beginneth to freese. Ne∣uerthelesse the winter being caulme, as it was in the yeere of our Redeemer M. D. LX. after winter it bringeth foorth his stalke with fayre white flowers, and afterwarde his seede in small coddes lyke to the other Colewurtes.

[ 3] The third kind of white Colewurtes is very strange, and is named Flow∣rie or Cypresse Colewurtes. It hath grayishe leaues at the beginning lyke to the white Colewurtes and afterwarde in the middle of the same leaues in the steede of y^e thicke Cabbaged, or lofed leaues, it putteth forth many smal white stemmes, grosse and gentle, with many short branches, growing for the most part al of one height, thicke set and fast throng togither. These little stemmes so growing togither, are named the flower of these Colewurtes.

[ 4] The fourth kinde hath grayish or white greene leaues, as the other white Colewurtes haue, but they remayne still without closing or gathering to a rounde head or croppe: yet it beareth a great round knoppe like a Turnep, the which groweth right vnder the leaues, euen hard vpon the ground, & is white within lyke a Turnep, and is euen so drest and prepared to be eaten.

[ 5] There is also a very strange kinde of Cole, whiche is also set amongst the white kindes of Colewurtes, and is now called swart, or blacke Colewurtes. It hath long high stemmes, and great, broade, swartgreene leaues, the which are vneuenly wrinkled, or crompled. The flowers be yellowe. The seede and coddes are very well lyke the other Colewurtes.

❀ The Description of the redde Colewurtes.

[ 1] The first kinde of red Colewurtes, hath great, brode, and smoth, brownish, darke, red greene leaues, with reddish ribbes, or veynes going through them. The flowers be yellow, and the coddes or huskes be long and slender, the seede is small and round, browne without, and yellow within, muche like to Rape seede, but it is bigger.

[ 2] The seconde kinde his leaues at the beginning are lyke to the leaues of the former, but afterwarde the middle leaues do gather them selues togither, and lie one vpon another like the white Cabbage or lofed Cole, the whiche be of a red or purple colour.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of red Colewurtes his leaues be al to cut, and iagged, els it is like both in colour, flowers, and seede to the first.

[ 4] The fourth kinde his leaues be ruft, crompled, and drawen togither or cur∣led, the rest is lyke to the former red kindes.

[ 5] The fifth kind of red Colewurts, is the least of them al, and almost like the wilde Cole, his stalkes and leaues are muche smaller, then the first, but in all

[illustration]

Brassica Cumana siue rubra. Red Colewurtes.

[illustration]

Brassica Sabellica siue crispa. Ruffed, or curled Colewurtes.

thinges els lyke. This sorte of Coleworte is not vsed in meates, but is sowen for the seede onely, from which they do drawe foorth an oyle, whiche is dayly and commonly solde for Rape oyle.

❀ The Place.

Al these kindes of Colewurtes, are planted in gardens of this Countrie. But the fifth kinde is sometimes sowen in the feeldes lyke Rapes.

❀ The Time.

The best Colewurtes, are they whiche be sowen in Marche, and planted a∣gaine in May: for they wil be redy to be eaten in winter, and if they abyde the winter, they wil flower in March and April, and the seede is ripe in May. But some kindes, especially the white Cabbage Cole, or lofed Colewurtes, is also sowen in August, and planted againe in Nouember, & then it closeth or lofeth in Iune, Iuly, and August, and after that time it is good to be eaten.

❀ The Names.

Garden Colewurtes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Brassicae satinae: in Shoppes, Coles: in high Douche▪ Kolen: in base Almaigne Koolen.

[ 1] The first kind of white Colewurtes, is called in Latine (of Plime) Brassica Tritiana, of the writers in our dayes, Brassica sessilis capitata, and Imperialis in Frenche, Chous cabus: in high Douche, Kappszkraut: in base Almaigne, Witte Sluytkoolen, & Kabuyskoolen: in Englishe, White Colewurtes, Lofed Cab∣bage, and Great rounde Cabbage Cole.

[ 2] The second kind is called of Plinie in Latine, Brassica Lacuturria: in French,

Chous de Sauoye: in base Almaigne, Sauoy Koolen.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called in Latine, Brassica Pompeiana, of the writers in our time, Brassica Cypria: in Italian, Cauliflores: in Frenche, Chous florys: in base Almaigne, Bloemkoolen: in English, Flowrie Cole, or Cypres Cole∣wurtes.

[ 4] The fourth kinde is nowe called Rapae Caulis, that is to say, Rape Cole: in Frenche Chou Naueau: in base Almaigne, Raepkoolen.

[ 5] The fifth kinde is called Caulis nigra: in Italian, Nigre Caules: that is to say, Blacke Cole: in Frenche, Chou noir. in Douche, Swerte Koolen.

[ 1] The first kind of the red Cole is called of Cato in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: of Pli∣nie in Latine, Brassica Cumana: in Frenche Chous rouges & poly: in high Douche, Breyter roterkolen: in base Almaigne, Groote roo koolen.

[ 2] The second kinde is also called Brassica lacuturria: in French, Chou cabu rouge: in base Almaigne, Rooskens, and Roode Sluytkoolen.

[ 3] The thirde kinde with the iagged leaues, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Brassica Apiana: in base Almaigne, Ghehackelde koolen: that is to say, Cole with the iagged leaues.

[ 4] The fourth kind of red Cole, is called Brassica Sabellica, and of such as write in these dayes, Brassica crispa. in Frenche, Chous Crespues: in high Douche, Krau∣ser kol: in base Almaigne, Ghecronckelde koolen: in Englishe, Wrinckled or russed Cole.

[ 5] The fifth and smallest, is called in high Douche, Kleinder kolen, that is to say, the small and slender Cole: in Frenche Petit Chou. in base Almaigne, Sloo∣ren. This is the thirde kinde of Colewurtes described by Cato, the whiche is properly called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Crambe.

❀ The Nature.

Colewurtes are hoate and drie in the first degree, and of a clensing or scou∣ring facultie, especially the red kinde.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of Colewurtes taken by it selfe, or with Saltpeter, softeneth the belly, and causeth one to go to the stoole: the like propertie hath the first water, wherin the Colewurtes haue ben boyled.

[ B] The iuyce of Colewurtes dronken with wine, is good against the bitinges of Serpentes.

[ C] The same layde to with the meale of Fenugrek, helpeth members troubled with the gowte.

[ D] It doth clense and heale olde rotten sores.

[ E] The same put vp into the nosethrilles, purgeth the brayne and head.

[ F] The same mingled with vineger and put warme into the eares, is good a∣gainst deafenesse, and against the humming or ringing of the same.

[ G] The same as a pessarie, put vp into the natural places of women, prouoketh the flowers.

[ H] The same boyled as a Syrupe with hony, & often licked in, is good against hoarsenesse and the cough.

[ I] The decoction or broth of Colewurtes, especially of the first kinde, and of the very worste or meanest sorte of redde Colewurtes, haue all the afore∣sayde properties, the whiche taken eyther alone or with Sugar, doth both lightly and gently loose and soften the belly, and prouoketh womens natural sicknesse.

[ K] The same broth is also good for all woundes: for if they be often washed therewith, it doth both mundifie and heale them.

[ L] The young leaues eaten raw with vineger, or perboyled, do open the belly very gently, and cause to make water, and are very good also to be eaten of suche as be splenitique.

[ M] The same taken after meate or meale, in the same manner, do cure dron∣kennesse, and the headache proceeding of the same.

[ N] The same alone, or with parched Barley meale, are very good to be layde vnto blacke and blewe markes that come of stripes, and al other hoate inflam∣mations or swellinges.

[ O] The same leaues sod and layde to with hony, are good for consuming and filthy sores.

[ P] The seede of Colewurtes taken in Meade or watered honie, doth kyll and expel al sortes of wormes.

[ Q] The stalkes burned to asshes, and mengled with old swines grease, is good to be layde to the olde paynes or ache in the side.

❧ The Danger.

Colewurtes eaten, engender grosse and melancholique blood, especially the red kinde. The white are better to digest, and engender more agreeable and better nourishment, especially when they haue ben twise boyled.

Of Wilde Colewurtes. Chap. vij.

❀ The Description.

WYlde Colewurtes in leaues and flowers are much lyke to the small Colewortes, or y^t they cal Crambe, sauing that his leaues and stalkes be whiter and a litle hearie, & in taste much bitterer.

❀ The Place.

This Colewurt groweth in high rough places by the sea side, as Dioscorides wri∣teth. There is muche of it founde in many places of Zealande vpon high bankes cast vp by mans hand.

❧ The Names.

This kinde of Cole is named in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: & of some Halmiridia: in Latine Brassica syluestris, and Brassica rustica: that is to say, Wilde Colewurtes, or Countrie Colewurtes: in base Almaigne, Zee Koo∣len, and wilde Zee Koolen: and of some writers nowe a dayes, Caulis marinus, and Brassica marina: albeit this is not that Bras∣sica marina, whereof Dioscorides writeth, whiche we haue described alredy in y^e third part of this worke, amongst those kinds of plātes called Windweeds, or bindweedes.

❀ The Nature.

This kind of Cole is very hoate and dry of complexion, & stronger in working then the great Colewurtes.

[illustration]

Brassica syluestris.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The wild Cole in operation is lyke to the garden Colewurtes, but stronger and more abstersiue or scouring, and therefore nought to be vsed in meates.

[ B] The leaues thereof newly gathered and stamped, do cure and heale greene woundes, and dissolue tumours and swellinges, being layde therevpon.

Of Spinache. Chap. viij.

❀ The Description.

SPinache hath a long leafe, sharpe pointed, of a brownishe or greene co∣lour, soft, gentle, ful of sap, and deeply cut with large stittes vpō both sides about the largest parte or neather ende of the leafe. The stalke is round and holow within. Some of the plantes haue flowers clustering or thick set alongst the stalkes, and some bring foorth seede without flowers in thicke heapes or clusters full and plenteous, and for the most part prickley.

❀ The Place.

It is sowen in gardens amōgst pot herbes.

❀ The Tyme.

They vse to sow Spinache in March, and April, and it flowreth and beareth seede with∣in two monethes after the sowing. They also vse to sow it in September, & that continueth all the winter without bearing seede vntil the spring time.

❀ The Names.

This potherbe, or rather Salet herbe, is called of y^e new writers Spanachea, Spinachea, Spinacheum olus, & of some Hispanicum olus: of Ruellius & certayne others Seutlomalache: of the Arabians, Hispanach: in Frēch, Espinars: in high Douche, Spinet: in Neather Douche Spinagie: in Englishe, Spinache.

[illustration]

Spinachea.

❀ The Nature.

Spinache is colde and moyst of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Spinache doth lose the belly, and the broth of the same is of lyke vertue.

[ B] The same laid vnto hoate swellinges, taketh away the heate, and dissolueth the swelling.

Of Dockes and Sorrel. Chap. ix.

❀ The Kindes.

DIoscorides setteth foorth foure kindes of Lapathum, bysides the fifth which groweth in ditches and standing waters, called Hippolapathum, the whiche shalbe described also in this Chapter.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kind of Lapathū or Rumex hath long, narrow, hard, & sharpe pointed leaues, amōgst which come vp round holow browne stalkes with knees, ioyntes or knots, set and garnished with the like leaues. At the vpper part of the sayde stalkes grow many litle pale flowers one aboue another, and after them is found a blackish triangled seede, lapt in a thinne skinne. The roote is long, playne and yellow within.

[ 2] The second kind called Patience, doth not differ much from the abouesaid, sauing that his leaues be greater, larger, softer, and not sharpe pointed. The stalkes be long and thicke, growing foure or fiue foote high. The flowers yel∣lowish. The seede is red and triangled. The roote is long, smal and yellow.

[illustration]

Oxylapathum Sharpe poynted Patience.

[illustration]

Lapathum satiuum. Patience.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of Lapathum, is muche lyke to the first, yet for all that the leaues be shorter and larger most commonly layde alongst and spread vpon the ground, almost like the leaues of Plantayne, the stalke groweth not al so high.

[ B] Of this kinde is a red sort, the whiche hath faire red stalkes or purple, the leaues be browne and full of red veynes, out of the which (being brused) com∣meth foorth a red iuyce or liquer, but els like to the other in stalkes, leaues, and seede.

[ 4] The fourth kinde called Sorrel, hath long, narrow, sharpe pointed leaues, and broade next the stemme, very sharpe and eger in taste almost lyke vineger. The stalke is rounde and slender, vppon the whiche growe small flowers, of a brownered colour. The seede is browne, triangled and muche lyke the seede of poynted Patience. The roote is long and yellow.

[ B] Of this sort is found another kind called Romaine Sorrel, the which hath short leaues, in a manner round, somewhat cornered and whitish, almost lyke to Iuie leaues, but much smaller, and neither thicke nor harde. The stalkes be tender, vpon whiche groweth seede like the other.

[ C] There is yet another sort of Sorrel, whiche is smal and wild, and therfore called Sheepes Sorrell. The same in leaues, flowres, stalkes, and seede, is muche like to the great Sorrel, but altogither smaller. The leaues be very small, and the little stalkes are slender of a spanne long, the whiche sometimes both with his flowers and seede sheweth a blood red colour, and somtimes the leaues be red lykewise: sometimes also you shal finde them as white as snow.

[ 5] The fifth kinde which groweth in waters and ditches, hath great leaues long and harde, muche like the leaues of poynted Patience, but muche larger.

[illustration]

Oxalis. Sorrel.

[illustration]

Oxalis Romana. Tours Sorrel or Romayne Sorrel.

The stalkes be rounde growing, foure or fiue foote long or more, the sede is like to Patience. The roote is thicke and pale, of a faynt red co∣lour within.

[illustration]

Oxalis parua. Sheepes sorrel.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The sharpepoynted Docke or Patience, groweth in wette moyst medowes, & marshes.

[ 2] The Docke called Patience, is planted in gardens.

[ 3] The thirde kind groweth in dry places, and about wayes and pathes.

[ 4] The red Patience is founde amongst potte herbes, growing in gardens.

Sorrel is commonly sowen in gardens, and is to be found also growing wylde in some me∣dowes and shadowy places.

Sheepes Sorrel loueth dry soyles.

The fifth kinde groweth in ditches & stan∣ding waters, and is plentiful in this Countrie.

❀ The Tyme.

All these kindes of Lapathum, doo flower in Iune & Iuly.

❀ The Names.

Al these herbes haue but one Greke name, that is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Rumex, and Lapathum: in Shoppes Lapatium.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Rumex acutus: in Shoppes, Lapatium acutum: in Frenche, Parelle: in high Douch, Megelwurtz, Grindtwurtz, Streisswurtz, Zitterwurtes: in base Almaigne, Patich, and Peerdick,

[ 2] The second kinde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Rumex satiuus, of some newe writers Rhabarbarum monachorum, of Galen also Hippolapathon: in Frenche, Patience: in base Almaigne, Patientie.

[ 3] The third kind is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Lapathū syluestre, that is to say, Wilde Docke, or Patience: in base Almaigne, Wilde Patich.

The red kinde is called in Latine, Lapathum nigrum: and of some late wri∣ters, Sanguis Draconis: in Frenche Sang de Dragon: in Douche, Draken bloet: in Englishe, red Patience.

[ 4] The fourth kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Oxalis: in Shoppes, Acetosa: in Frenche, Ozeille, vinette, or Salette: in high Douche, Saur Ampffer: in base Almaigne, Surckele: in English, Sorrell.

Romayne Sorrel is vndoubtedly a kinde of Oxalis: and it shoulde seeme to be that kind wherof the Auncients haue vsed and written most properly, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Oxalis. The later writers do call it Oxalis Romana, and Acetosa Romana: in Frenche, Ozeille Romaine, and Ozeille de Tours: in Douche, Roomsch Surckele.

The least of these kindes is called Oxalis parua: in Shoppes Acetosella: in Frenche, Petit Ozeille, and Ozeille de brebis: in high Douche, Klein Saurampffer: in Brabant, Schaeps Surckele, and Velt Surckele: in Englishe, small Sor∣rel, and Sheepes Sorrel.

[ 5] The fifth kind, which groweth in ditches, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Hippolapathum, or Lapathum magnum, or Rumex palustris: in Frēch, Grande Parelle, or Parelle de marez: in high Douche, Wasser Ampffer: in base Al∣maigne, Groote Patick, or Water Patick: in Englishe, Great Sorrel, Water Sorrel, and Horse Sorrel.

❀ The Nature.

These herbes are of a reasonable mixture betwixt colde and heate, but they be drie almost in the thirde degree, especially the seede which is also astringent.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues of all these herbes sodden and eaten as meate, do lose and soften the belly gently, and the broth of them is of lyke vertue.

[ B] The greene leaues pounde with oyle of Roses, and a little Saffron, do di∣gest and dissolue the impostumes and tumours of the head (called in Latine Meliceris) if it be layde therevnto.

[ C] The seede of Dockes and Sorrel dronken in water or wine, stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe, and the wambling paynes of the stomacke.

[ D] The same is also good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of Scorpions, so that if a man had first eaten of this seede, he shoulde feele no payne, albeit he were afterwarde stong of a Scorpion.

[ E] The rootes of this herbe boyled in wine & dronken, do heale the Iaundise, prouoke vrine, and womens flowers, and do breake and driue foorth the stone and grauell.

[ F] The rootes of these herbes boyled in vineger, or brused rawe, doo heale all scabbednesse and scuruie itche, and all outwarde manginesse and deformitie of the skinne, being layde therevnto.

[ G] The decoction or broth of them, is also very good agaynst all manginesse, wilde festering and consuming scabbes, to make a stew or broth to washe in.

[ H] The wine of the decoction of them doth swage the tooth ache, to be kept in the mouth, and to washe the teeth therewith: it swageth also the payne of the eares, dropped therein.

[ I] The rootes also boyled and laid to the hard kernels, and swelling tumours behinde the eares do dissolue and consume them.

[ K] The same pounde with vineger doth heale and waste the hardnesse of the melt or splene, and pounde by them selues alone, and layde vpon the secrete pla∣ces of women, doth stop the immoderate fluxe of the wombe, or flowres.

[ L] Some write that this roote hanged about the necke, doth helpe the kinges euill or swelling in the throte.

Of Lampsana. Chap. x.

❀ The Description.

LAmpsana is a wild worte or potte herbe, hauing large leaues of a whitishe or pale greene colour, deepely cutte vppon both sides like the leaues of Rape or Senuie, but a great deale smaller. The stalkes growe two foote high, & are diuided agayne into many small branches: at the toppe whereof growe many smal yellow flowers, al∣most lyke to the flowers of the least Hawkeweede.

¶ The Place.

Lampsana groweth most common∣ly in al places, by high way sides, and specially in the borders of gardens a∣mongst wortes and potherbes.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth almost al the sommer.

¶ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Lampsana, & of some Napiū.

❀ The Nature.

Lampsana is somewhat abstersiue or scouring.

[illustration]

Lampsana.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Lampsana, as Galen writeth, takē in meate, engendreth euill iuice, and noughtie nourishment: yet Dioscorides sayth, that it nourisheth more, and is better for the stomacke, then the Docke or Patience.

[ B] Being layde to outwardly, it doth clense and mundifie the skinne. and ther∣fore is good against the scuruie itche.

Of Algood. Chap. xi.

❀ The Description.

ALgood, hath long large thicke leaues, almost like to the leaues of Sorrel, but shorter and broder, the stalke is grosse of a foote high, vpō which groweth the seede clustering togither, almost like to Orache. The roote is great, long, thicke and yellow.

¶ The Place.

Algood groweth in vntoyled places, about wayes & pathes, & by hedges.

❀ The Tyme.

You shall find it in flower in Iune and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Latine Tota bona: & of some also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Chrysolacha∣nō, that is to say in Latine, Aureū olus, for his singuler vertue: in Frēch, Toute bonne: in high Douch, Guter Hērich, & Schmer∣bel: in base Almaigne, Goede Heinrich, Lammekens oore, and of some Algoede: in English, Good Henry, and Algood: of some it is taken for Mercurie.

❀ The Nature.

Algood is drie & abstersiue or scouring.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Algood taken as meate or broth, doth soften the belly, and prouoketh the stoole.

[ B] This herbe greene stamped, and layde to, healeth old sores, and greene wounds, and killeth and bringeth foorth wormes, that ingender in the same. Matthiolus. lib. 2. Dioscor. Chap. 162. Radicis succus illitus scabiem tollit, & Cutis maculas extergit, praesertim si cum aceto misceatur. Quidam eam quoque praeferunt aduersus veneno∣sorum animalium morsus.

[illustration]

Totabona.

Of Endiue and Succory. Chap. xij.

❀ The Kyndes.

ENdiue according to Dioscorides, and other Auncient writers of Physicke, is of two sortes, the one called Garden Endiue or Succorie: and the other wild Succorie. Wherof the garden Endiue or Succory is diuided againe into two sortes or kindes, one hauing brode white leaues, and the other nar∣rowe iagged leaues. Likewise of the wilde kinde are two sortes, one kind ha∣uing blew flowers, the other hath yellow flowers.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe white garden Succorie with the brode leaues, hath great, long, large, & soft, whitegeeene leaues, not much vnlike the leaues of some sorte of Letuce. The stalke is rounde set with the like leaues, whiche growe vp sodenly, bearing most commonly blewe flowers, and some∣times also white. After the flowers foloweth the seede, whiche is white. The roote is white and long, the which withereth and starueth away, the seede be∣ing once ripe.

[ 2] The second kind of garden Succorie hath long narrow leaues, sometimes creuished or slightly toothed about the edges. The stalke is round, the flowers blewe, lyke to the flowers of the aforesayde. The roote is white and long, full of sappe, and dieth not lightly, albeit it hath borne both his flowers and seede.

[ 3] The thirde kinde called wilde Endiue, hath long leaues of a sad greene co∣lour, and somewhat rough or hearie, the which be sometimes parted with red∣dish vaynes. The stalkes, flowers, & seede, are very much lyke to garden Suc∣corie,

[illustration]

Intubum satiuum latifolium. White Succory.

[illustration]

Intubum satiuum angustifolium. Garden Succorie.

and so is the roote, the which lasteth a long time, & doth not lightly perish.

[ 4] The fourth kind, which is the wild yellow Succorie, is also like to Succo∣rie in stalkes and leaues, the stalkes be a cubite long or more, full of branches. The leaues be long, almost like the leaues of wilde Endiue, but larger. The flowers be yellow, fashioned like the flowers of Dent de lyon, but smaller. The roote is of a foote long, full of white sap or iuyce, which commeth foorth whan it is hurt.

❀ The Place.

[ 1.2] The first and seconde kinde, are planted in the gardens of this Countrie.

[ 3] The thirde groweth in drie, grassie, and vntoyled places, and somtimes also in moyst groundes.

[ 4] The fourth kinde groweth in medowes, and moyst waterie places, about diches and waters.

❀ The Tyme.

These herbes flower at Midsomer, and sometimes sooner or rather, espe∣cially the white Endiue, the whiche being timely sowen in Marche, flowreth bytimes. Therefore the gardiners which would not haue it to flower, but are desirous to haue it great and large, do sowe it in Iuly and August: for being so lately sowen, it flowreth not al that yeere, but waxeth large and great: a little before winter they plucke it vp from the ground, and bind togither the toppes, and burie it vnder sande, and so it waxeth all white, to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vineger.

❧ The Names.

These herbes be called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Intuba: of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Picridae.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Intubum satiuum latifolium: and of some Endiuia:

[illustration]

Intubum syuestre, Cichorium.

[illustration]

Hedypnois. Yellow Succorie.

in shoppes Scariola: in Frenche, Scariole, Endiue: in high Douch, Scariol: in base Almaigne, the common Countrie folke do call it Witte Endiuie, the which are better acquainted with the right Endiue, thē the ignorant Apothecaries, who in steede of Endiue, do vse the wilde Letuce: in English, garden Succorie, or white Endiue with the brode leaues.

[ 2] The second is also a kind of garden Endiue, or Intubum satiuum, & is called Cichorium satiuum, & hortense: in shoppes Cicorea domestica in English, gar∣den Succorie: in Frenche, Cichorée: in high Douch, Zam Wegwarten: in base Almaigne, Tamme Cicoreye.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Cichorium, Intubum syluestre, of some Ambubeia: in shoppes, Cicorea syluestris: in French, Endiue sauuage: in high Douche, Wilde Wegwarten: in base Almaigne, Wilde Cicoreye: in English, Wilde Endiue.

[ 4] The fourth kind with the yellow flowers is called of Plinie Hedypnois: in high Douch, Geelwegwart: in French, Cichorée iaulne: in base Almaigne, Geel Cicoreye: in English, Yellow Succorie.

¶ The Nature.

These herbes be colde and drie almost in third degree, especially the wilde, which is more drie, and of a scouring or abstersiue facultie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] These herbes eaten, do comfort the weake and feeble stomacke, and do coole and refresh the hoate stomacke, specially the wild Endiue, which is most agree∣able and meetest for the stomacke and inward partes.

[ B] The same boyled and eaten with vineger, stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the belly proceeding of a hoate cause.

[ C] The iuyce or decoction of Succorie dronken is good for the heate of the li∣uer, against the Iaundise, and hoate Feuers, and Tertians.

[ D] The greene leaues of Endiue and Succorie brused, are good against hoate inflammations and impostumes, or gathering togither of euill humours of the stomacke, the trembling or shaking of the hart, the hoate gowte, and the great inflammation of the eyes, being layde outwardly to the places of the greefes.

[ E] The same layd to with parched Barley meale are good agaynst cholerique inflammations, called Erysipelas, and of some S. Antonies fier, or Phlegmon.

[ F] The iuyce of the leaues of Endiue and Succorie, layd to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger, swageth headache.

[ G] The same with Ceruse (that is, white leade) and vineger, is good for al tu∣mours, impostumes and inflammations whiche require cooling.

Of Sowthistel. Chap. xiij.

❀ The Kindes.

SOnchus is of two sortes, the one more wilde, rough, and prickley, called Sowthistel, or milke Thistell, the other more soft and without prickles, which we may cal Hares Lettuce, or Connies milke Thistel.

[illustration]

Sonchus syluestrior, aspera. Rough milke Thistel.

[illustration]

Sonchus tenerior, non aspera. Tender or sweete milke Thistel.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] SOwthistell hath long brode leaues, very deepely cut in vpon both sides, and armed with sharpe prickles. The stalke is crested, holowe within, spaced by ioyntes or knobbes, couered or set with the like leaues. At the

toppe of the stalke growe double yellow flowers, lyke Dandelyon, but muche smaller: when they be past, there come vp white hoare knoppes or downie heades, which are caried away with the wind. The roote is long and yellow, full of hearie stringes.

[ 2] The tender Milke thistel, is muche lyke to the aforesayd in leaues, stalkes, flowers and seede: but the leaues be somewhat broder, & not so deepely iagged or cut in vppon the borders, and they haue neither thornes nor sharpe prickles, but are al playne without any roughnesse.

❀ The Place.

These herbes doo growe of them selues both in gardens amongst other herbes and also in the feeldes, and are taken but as weedes, and vnprofitable herbes.

❀ The Tyme.

Milke thistel and Sowthistel, do flower in Iune and Iuly, and most com∣monly all the sommer.

❀ The Names.

These herbes be called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ▪ in Latine, Sonchu: of the later wri∣ters Cicerbitae, Lactucellae, Lacterones: of Serapio and in shoppes, Taraxacon.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Sonchus asperior, or syluestrior: in high Douche, Genszdistel, Moszdistel: in Brabant, Gansendistel, & Melckweye: in Frenche, Laicteron, and Laceron▪ in Englishe, Sowthistel, and rough Milke thistel.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called Sonchus non aspera, or Sonchus tenerior, of A∣puleius ••actuca leporina: in Frenche, Palais de lieure: in high Douche, Hasenkol: in base Almaigne, Hasen Lattouwe, Hasen struyck, Danwdistel, Canijnen∣cruyt: in English, the tender or soft Milke thistel.

❀ The Nature.

These herbes be colde and drie of complexion, especially being greene and newe gathered: for being dry or long gathered, they are somewhat hoate, as Galen sayth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of eyther of these herbes dronken, swageth the gnawing paynes of the stomacke, prouoketh vrine, and breaketh the stone, and is of a soueraigne remedie against the strangurie and the Iaunders.

[ B] The same dronken, filleth the breastes of Nurses with good and holesome milke, and causeth the children whom they nourish, to be of a good colour. Of the same vertue is the brothe of the herbe dronken.

[ C] The iuyce of these herbes do coole and refreshe the heate of the fundement, and the priuie partes of the body, being layde thereto with cotton, and of the cares, being dropped in.

[ D] The greene leaues of Milke thistel, are good agaynst all hoate swellinges and impostumations, especially of the stomacke being brused & layd thervpon.

[ E] The roote with his leaues being pounde, and layde to as an emplayster, is good against the by•…•…ges and stinginges of Scorpions.

Of Hawke weede. Chap. xiiij.

❀ The Kindes.

DIoscorides setteth foorth two kinds of Hawke weede, the great and the smal: of the smaller are also three sortes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great Hawkeweede putteth foorth a rough stalke somthing red∣dish, and holow within. The leaues be long, very muche iagged, and deepely cut vppon the sydes, eche cut standing wide, or a great waye one from another, and set with sharpe prickles, almost lyke the leaues

[illustration]

Hieracium maius. Great Hawkeweede.

[illustration]

Hieracium minus primum. Wilde Succorie.

of milke Thistel, at the toppe of the stalke growe long knoppes, the whiche bringe foorth yellowe double flowers, lyke the flowers of milke Thistel, the whiche do change into rounde cotton or downie bawles, which are blowen a∣way with the winde. The roote is not very long, but it hath threddy stringes hanging at it.

[ 2] The first kinde of the lesse Hawkeweede hath long leaues, diuided and cut on the edges, almost lyke the leaues of Dandelyon, but not so bigge nor so deepely cut, and lying flat vpon the grounde, from amongst those leaues shoo∣teth vp smoth naked brownish stalkes, bringing foorth double yellow flowers in the top, the whiche do turne into downe bawles or globes and do flee away with the winde. The roote is long and slender, smoothe, and white.

[ 3] The seconde kinde of the lesser Hawkweede is lyke vnto the aforesayde in stalkes and flowers, the leaues do also lye spread vpon the ground, but they be smaller narrower and more deepely cut, then the leaues abouesayde. This Hawkweede hath no deepe downeright roote, but sheweth as though it were gnawen or bitten, lyke to the roote of Deuils bit, whereof we haue written in the first booke of this historie of Plantes, and it is full of stringes.

[ 4] The third is the least of al three, his leaues be much lyke to the first Hawk∣weede, and so be his flowers, stalkes and rootes: but altogither lesse. The leaues be altogither smoothe and naked, and not so brownish as the leaues of the first Hawkweede.

❀ The Place.

These herbes grow in vntoyled places, as the borders of corne fieldes, in medowes, high wayes, and the brinkes of ditches.

❀ The Tyme.

These herbes doo flower from Iune to September.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Accipitrina: that is to say, Sperhawke herbe, or Hawkeweede, Apuleius calleth it Lactuca syluatica, picris, and Thridax agria.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Hieracium magnū: of some Sonchites, Lampuca, or Sitheleas: in Frenche, Cichorée sauuage in high Douche, Grosz ha∣bichkraut, in base Almaigne, Groot hauicks∣cruyt: That is to say, the great Hawke∣weede.

[ 2] The lesser kind is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Hieracium paruum: of some Intybum agreste, or Lactuca minor: in high Douche, Klein Habichkraut, that is to say, the lesser Hawkweede: in base Almaigne, Cleyn Hauickscruyt.

The seconde lesser kinde is also called of some Morsus Diaboli: in Douche Teuffels abbisz: that is to say in English, Diuels bit: and in Frenche, Mors de Diable: by∣cause his roote is eaten or bitten lyke the Scabiouse Diuels bit.

[illustration]

Hieracium minus alterum. Yellow Deuils bit.

❀ The Nature.

These herbes be colde and drie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] These herbes in vertue and operation, are muche like to Sowe Thistel, or Sonchus, and being vsed after the like manner, be as good to al purposes.

[ B] They be also good for the eyesight, if the iuyce of them be dropped into the eyes, especially of that sort whiche is called Diuels bit.

Of langdebeefe. Chap. xv.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe hath great broade leaues, greater and broader then the leaues of Borache, set ful of soft prickles, from whiche leaues com∣meth vp a tender weake brittle and triangled stalke set with leaues of the same sort, but smaller. At the toppe of the stalke growe many small leaues, thicke set and harde throng togither round about the stalke, from amongst whiche litle leaues commeth a rough round Thistely knoppe, bearing a purple flower, the whiche is caried away with the wind. The roote is thicke and crooked hauing many stringes.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in the medowes of this Countrie, and in moyst places by water brookes or ditches.

❀ The Tyme.

This Thistel flowreth in August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Cirsium, of some Bu∣glossum magnum, and Spina mollis: in Brabant, Groote Dauw distel, vnknowē in shoppes, some take Cirsion to be Lang∣debeefe. T. lib. 1. fol. 143.

❀ The Nature.

It is colde and drie of vertue like Son∣chus.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Andreas the Herborist writeth that the roote of Cirsium tyed or bounde to the diseased place, swageth the ache of the veynes (called Varix) being to muche ope∣ned or enlarged and fylled with grosse blood.

[illustration]

Cirsion.

Of Condrilla, Gumme Succorie. Chap. xvi.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Condrilla, as Dioscorides writeth, the great and the small.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] COndrilla is somewhat lyke to wylde Endiue: his leaues be long, grayish, and deepely cut vpon both sides, the stalke is small, of a foote long or somewhat more, in the litle stalkes of Condrilla, is founde a gumme lyke Masticke, of the bignesse of a beane, where∣vpon growe round knoppes, which after their opening bringeth foorth faire flowers, whiche in collour and making are much like to the flowers of wild Endiue: but much smaller. The roote is long and white like to Succorie.

[ 2] The other Condrilla hath long leaues deepely indented vppon both sides lyke to the leaues of the wilde Endiue, and for the most parte spreade abroade vpon the ground, amongst which leaues grow vp smal playne holow stalkes, carrying fayre yellowe double flowers the whiche past they turne into rounde blowballes, like to fine downe or cotton, and are carried away with the wind. The roote is long and slender yellowish and ful of milke, which commeth forth when it is cut or broken.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The great Condrilla is not common in this Countrie, but is to be founde in the gardens of Herboristes.

[ 2] The lesser which is our Dandelion, groweth in al partes of this Countrie, in medowes and pastures.

❀ The Tyme.

The great Condrilla flowreth in May, and in Iune. Dandelion flowreth in April and August.

❧ The Names.

[ 1] The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Con∣drilla:

[illustration]

Condrilla. Gumme Succorie.

[illustration]

Condrilla Dandelyon.

of Plinie Condrillon, and Condrillis: of some also Cichorion, and Seris: of the later writers Condrilla maior: in this Countrie Condrilla, and Gumme Succorie: in Douche, Condrilla.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Condrilla al∣tera. in shoppes, Dens leonis, and Rostrum porcinum: in Frenche, Pisse-en-lict in high Douche, Korlkraut, Pfaffenblat, Pfaffen rorlin: in base Almaigne, Pa∣pencruyt, Hontsroosen, Canckerbloemen, and Schorftbloemen: in Englishe, Dandelyon.

❀ The Nature.

These herbes be colde and drie lyke Endiue and Succorie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of the great Condrilla taken by it selfe or with wine, stoppeth the laske, especially comming of the heate of the liuer.

[ B] The same brused and eaten with his leaues & rootes, is very good agaynst the bitinges of venemous Serpentes.

[ C] The seede of Condrilla doth strengthen the stomacke, and causeth good di∣gestion, as Dorotheus writeth.

[ D] Dantdelyon in vertue and operation is much like Succorie, and it may be alwayes vsed in steede thereof.

[ E] It layeth downe the staring heares of the eyebrowes, and causeth newe heares to grow, if the iuyce be often layd to the place.

Of Groundswell. Chap. xvij.

❀ The Kindes.

Although Dioscorides and other the Auncients haue set foorth but one sort

of Erigeron, yet for al that, the later learned writers do set out two kindes, the one great, and the other smal: vnto which we haue ioyned a third kind. Wher∣fore Erigeron is nowe to be counted of three sortes.

[illustration]

Erigeron primum, & secundum. The first & second kindes of Groundswel.

[illustration]

Erigeron tertium. The third kind of Groundswel.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great Groundswel, hath rough whitish leaues, deeply iagged and knawen vpō both sides, like to the leaues of white Mustard or senuie. The stalke is two foote high or more: at the top where∣of growe smal knoppes, which do open into smal yellow flowers the which are sodenly gone, & changed into downie blowbawles like to the heades of Dantdelyon, and are blowen away with the winde. The roote is hearie, and the whole herbe is of a strange smell.

[ 2] The lesser Groundswel hath greene leaues, whiche be also much torne, and deepely iagged vpon both sides like the leaues of the great groundswell, but a great deale smaller, greener, smother, and not so rough. The stalke is a spanne long, at the toppe whereof growe yellow flowers, whiche do also chaunge so∣denly into hoare heades or blowbawles, and doo flye away with the winde. The roote is hearie, and hath no proper smell.

[ 3] The third Groundswel hath a straight slender stemme, of a browne purple colour and set full of fine cotton or downie heares: the leaues be long and nar∣row. At the top of the stalkes grow smal knoppes, out of which come smal pale yellow flowers, the whiche incontinently after their opening do change, and become so sodenly gray or white, that he that taketh not the better heede, may thinke that they are so at the first opening of the knoppes: for euen the self same

day, and sometimes the very same houre of their opening, they become gray or hoare, and shortly after the knoppes do spreade abrode and open, and the gray heare with the seede, are blowen and carried away with the winde, The roote is small and very tender.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The great Groundswel groweth in sandy groundes, and alongst by wayes and pathes.

[ 2] The lesser is often found amongst potherbes, and commonly in the feeldes.

[ 3] The thirde groweth in darke shadowed wooddes, and dry Countries.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] The great Groundswel flowreth in Iune and Iuly.

[ 2] The lesser Groundswel flowreth al the sommer, and somtimes also in win∣ter, when it is milde and not to colde.

[ 3] The thirde flowreth at Midsomer.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Senecio: of some Herbulū, or Erechtites: in Frenche, Seneceon, or Senesson: in high Douche, Grindtkraut: in English, Groundswel.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Senecio maior, that is to say, Great Groundswell: in Brabant, groot Cruyscruyt, and of some Silsom: in Frenche, Grand Seneceon.

[ 2] The seconde is called in Latine Senecio minor, that is to say, the lesse Groundswel: in French, Petit Senesson: in Douch, Cruyscruyt; or cleyn Cruys∣cruyt, the whiche is well knowen.

[ 3] The thirde sort is a right Erigeron, & Senecio, especially that which Theo∣phras describeth: for as it is abouesayde, his flowers waxe sodenly white hoare, from whēce it hath to name Erigeron. Conrade Gesner calleth it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and placeth it with the kindes of Conyza.

❀ The Nature.

Erigeron, as Paulus writeth, hath somewhat a cooling nature, but yet di∣gestiue.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues and stalkes of Groundswell, boyled in water or sweete wine and dronken, healeth the ache of the stomacke that riseth of choler.

[ B] The leaues and flowers alone, or stamped with a litle wine, are good to be layde to the burning heate or inflammation of the stones and fundement.

[ C] The same mingled with the fine powder of Frankencense, healeth all woundes, especially of the sinewes, being layd thereto.

[ D] The downe of the flowers layde to with a litle Saffron & water, are good for bleared and dropping eyes.

[ E] The same with a litle salt, doth wast & consume the kinges euil, or strumes of the necke.

[ F] The small Groundswell is good to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vi∣neger, and is no euill or vnholsome foode.

Of Letuce. Chap. xviij.

¶ The Kindes.

OF Letuce are two sortes, the garden and wilde Letuce, and of the garden Letuce are sundrie sortes.

❀ The Description.

THe first kind of garden Letuce, hath long brode leaues, euen playne and smothe, the whiche do neuer close, nor come togither: emongst which ri∣seth a straight stalke full of white sappe lyke milke, of the height of two foote, the which diuideth it self at the top into sundry branches bearing yellow 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

❀ The Tyme.

This Letuce flowreth in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in La∣tine Lactuca sylnestris: of Zoroastes, Pherumbrum: in shoppes Endiuia: albeit this is not the right Endiue: of some Seriola: in Frenche, Laictue sauuage: in high Douche, Wilder Lattiche: in base Alemaigne, Wilde Lattouwe: in Englishe, Wilde Letuce, of Turner greene Endiue. And this is the herbe that the Israe∣lites did eate with their Passeouer Lambe.

❀ The Nature.

The wilde Letuce is partly colde and drie in the third degree, and partly sharpe and abstersiue or scou∣ring, with some warmenesse.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of the wilde Letuce dronken with Oxi∣mel, that is, honied vineger, scoureth by siege the wa∣terie humours.

[ B] It reconcileth sleepe, and swageth al paynes: also it is good against the stinging of Scorpions, and the fielde Spider called Phalangium.

[ C] It is also good with womans milke to be layde vnto burninges.

[ D] The same dropped into the eyes, cleareth the sight, and taketh away the clowdes & dimnesse of the same.

[ E] The seede of this Letuce also, abateth the force of Venus, and is of vertue like to the garden Letuce seede.

[illustration]

Lactuca syluestris.

Of Purcelayne. Chap. xx.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere be two kindes of Purcelayne, one of the garden, the other wilde: by∣sides these there is also a thirde kinde, the whiche groweth onely in salt groundes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] GArden Purcelayne hath grosse stalkes, fat, round, and of a brownred colour, the which do grow vp to the length of a span or more, vpō the sayd stalkes are y^e thicke fat or fleshie leaues, somthing long & brode, round before. The flowers grow betwixt the leaues and stalkes, and also at the highest of the stalkes, the which be very smal, & of a faynt yellowish colour. The same being past, there come little rounde close huskes, in whiche is founde smal blacke seede. The roote is tender and hearie.

[ 2] The wild Purcelaine hath thicke fat round stalkes, like the garden Purce∣layne, but tenderer, smaller, and redder, the which grow nothing at al vpright, but are spread abrode, and trayle vpon the ground. The leaues be smaller then the leaues of the other, but the flowers & sede is like. These two Purcelaynes are full of iuyce, and of a sharpe or quicke taste. They are vsed in the sommer to be eaten in Salade, as they vse Letuce.

[ 3] The thirde kinde, the which groweth in salt ground, hath many smal, hard, and wooddy stalkes. The leaues be thicke, of a white greene or ashe colour, ve∣ry much like to the leaues of the other Purcelayne, but whiter and softer in

[illustration]

Portulaca hortensis. Garden Pyrcelayne.

[illustration]

Portulaca syluestris. Wilde Purcelayne.

[illustration]

Portulaca marina. Sea Purcelayne.

handeling, yet not so smoothe nor shining. The flowers growe at the toppe of the stalkes, clustering togither lyke y^e flowers of Orache or Blite. The roote is long and of a wooddy substance, and liueth with his stalke, and certayne of his leaues all the winter.

¶ The Place.

[ 1] The tame Purcelayne is sowen in gar∣dens.

[ 2] The wild groweth of his owne accorde in wayes and alies of gardens, & in some places it groweth vppon rockes, cleeues, and viniardes.

[ 3] Sea Purcelayne groweth vpō bankes or walles cast vp in places adioyning to the sea: and great store therof is founde in Zeeland, and bysides the Ile of Purbeck in Englande.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 2] The garden & wilde Purcelayne, do flower from after the moneth of Iune, vntill September, and in this space they yeelde their seede.

[ 3] The sea Purcelayne flowreth in Iuly.

¶ The Names.

Purcelayne is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine and in shoppes Portulaca: in Frenche, Pourpier arrow_forward , or Pourcelaine: in high Douche, Burgel: in base Almaigne, Porceleyne: in English, Purcelayne.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Portulaca satiua, or Hortensis: in Frenche, arrow_back Pourpier arrow_forward , or Pourcelaine domestique, or cultinée: in high Douche, Heymisch Burgel, or Burtzes∣kraut: in base Almaigne, Roomsche Porceleyne, or tamme Porceleyne: in En∣glish, garden and tame Purcelayne.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called of the newe writers, Portulaca syluestris: in Frenche, arrow_back Pourpier sauuage: in high Douche, Wildt Burtzel: in base Almaigne, Ghemeyne, or wilde Porceleyne: in English, Wild Purcelayne: but yet this is not that wild Purcelayne, which is described in some copies of Dioscorides, the which is of a hoate nature or complexion.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of Purcelayne of the later writers, is called Portulaca ma∣rina: in Frenche, Pourcelaine de mer▪ in Douch, Zee Porceleyne. This seemeth to be that herbe which the Greekes call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: the Latinistes, Halimus, especially the seconde kinde described by Plinie.

❀ The Nature.

[ 1.2] The garden and wilde Purcelayne are cold in the thirde degree, and moyst in the seconde.

[ 3] Sea Purcelayne is playnely hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] They vse to eate the garden and wild Purcelayne in Salades and meates, as they do Letuce, but it cooleth the blood, and maketh it waterie & nourisheth very litle: yet for all that, it is good for those that haue great heate in their sto∣mackes and inwarde partes.

[ B] The same taken in lyke sort, stoppeth all defluxions and falling downe of humours, and is good for the paynes of the bladder and kidneyes, & it healeth them, albeit they be exulcerated, fret or hurt.

[ C] Purcelayne comforteth the weake inflamed stomacke, & it taketh away the imaginations, dreames, fansies, & the outragious desire to the lust of the body.

[ D] The iuyce of Purcelayne dronken hath the same vertue: also it is good a∣gainst burning feuers, & against the wormes that ingender in the body of man.

[ E] It is good for such as spit blood, it stoppeth the blooddy flixe, the fluxe of the Hemoroides, & al issues of blood. It hath the like vertue being boyled & eaten.

[ F] The iuyce of Purcelayne powred vpon the head with oyle & vineger roset, swageth the head ache comming of heate, or of standing to long in the Sonne.

[ G] The same throwen vp into the mother or matrix, helpeth the burning in∣flammations, exulceratiōs, or gnawing frettings in the same, & powred in by a glister, it is good against the flixe of the guttes & exulceration of the bowelles.

[ H] The leaues of Purcelayne mingled with parched barley meale, and layde to the inflammations of the eyes, easeth the same, and taketh away the hoate swelling: so it is likewise good against S. Antonies fier, called Erysipelas: a∣gainst the heate and payne of the head, and against all hoate inflammations and tumours.

[ I] The same eaten rawe, are good against the teeth being set on edge, or asto∣nied, and it fasteneth them that be loose.

[ K] To conclude, Purcelayne cooleth all that is hoate, wherefore being layde vpon woundes, eyther by it selfe or with the meale of parched barley, it preser∣ueth woundes from inflammation.

[ L] The seede of Purcelayne beyng taken, kylleth and driueth foorth wormes, and stoppeth the laske.

[ M] The Sea Purcelayne is gathered in the sommer, and is of some preserued and kept in vineger for Salade, to be eaten at winter like Capers: for being so eaten, it doth heate and comfort the stomacke, causeth good appetite, or meate lust, and prouoketh vrine.

[ N] If this Purcelayne be Halimus, the roote thereof is good against crampes and drawing awry of sinewes, burstinges and gnawinges in the belly, to be taken in Meade the waight of a dramme. It also causeth Nurses to haue store of milke.

Of Sampiere. Chap. xxi.

[illustration]

Crithmum.

[illustration]

Crithmum spinosum.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] SAmpiere hath fat, thicke, long, smal leaues almost lyke Purce∣layne, the stalke is rounde of a foote, or a foote and a halfe long bearing round spokie tufts, which bring foorth litle white flowers, and a seede lyke Fenyll, but greater. The roote is thicke, and of a pleasant sauour. Searche the commentaries of Matthiolus in the seconde booke of Dioscorides, there you shal finde three kindes more of Crith∣mum.

[ 2] Of this is founde another kinde of Crithmus, whose leaues are lyke vnto the first, the crowne set about with harde pricking thornes, otherwise in all thinges like vnto the other.

[ 3] Yet is there founde a thirde kinde of Crithmus, the whiche bringeth foorth many stalkes of one roote, set about with long small leaues, the whiche are very thicke, vpon the top of the stalkes grow yellow flowers, almost lyke vnto the flowers of Chrysanthemū, in the middes yellow, and round about set with yellow leaues. The roote is long. And this herbe is of taste like vnto the first Crithmus, the whiche is very lyke to Creta marina.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in salt ground by the sea coast, and is found very plentiful∣ly in many places of Spayne, Fraunce, and England, alongst the shoare or coast. The Herboristes of this Countrie doo plant it in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

Sampiere bloweth in this Countrie in August and September, but wheras it groweth of his owne kind, it flowreth more timely.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Crithmum, and Bati: in shoppes, Creta marina, by whiche name it is knowen in Brabant: in French, Bacille, Crete marine, and Fenoil marin: in Englishe, Sampier, and Crestmarine.

❀ The Nature.

Crestmarine is drie and scouring, and meetely warme.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues, seede, or rootes, or al togi∣ther boyled in wine and dronken, prouo∣keth vrine and womens flowers: & hel∣peth muche against the Iaundise.

[ B] They keepe and preserue the leaues & branches of Crestmarin, or Sampier, in vrine or pickle, to be eaten lyke Cappers: for being so eaten, they are good for y^e stomacke and open the stoppinges of the liuer, the splene and the kidneyes.

[illustration]

Crithmus Chrysanthemus.

Of Brookelime. Chap. xxij.

❀ The Description.

BRookelime hath rounde fat stalkes, full of branches, & vppon the same fat thicke leaues: the which being brused do yeelde a good sauour. At the toppe of the stalkes and branches growe many fayre blewe flowers, not much vnlike the flowers of blewe Pimpernel, The roote is white & ful of hearie stringes.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in y^e borders & brinkes of ditches and pooles, and sometimes also by running streames, and brookes harde by the water, so that sometimes it is ouerflowen and drenched in the same.

❀ The Tyme.

Brookelime flowreth in May, and Iune.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called now in these dayes Ana∣gallis aquatica, and Becabunga, and of some it is taken for that herbe that of Dioscorides is na∣med in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Cepaea: and it

[illustration]

Anagallis Aquatica.

seemeth to be a kinde of Soum, of the whiche is written by Cratenas: in high Douche, Wasserpunghen, Bachpunghe, or Punghen: in base Almaigne, Wa∣terpunghen: in English, Brookelyme.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is hoate almost in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Brookelime leaues dronken in wine do helpe the strangullion, & the inward scabbes of the bladder, especially if it be taken with the roote of Asparagus or Sperage.

[ B] They be also eaten with oyle and vineger, and are good for them that are troubled with the strangurie, and stone.

Of Earth Chesnut. Chap. xxiij.

❀ The Description.

THE small Earth Chestnut hath euen crested stalkes, of a foote and a halfe long or more. The first leaues are lyke the leaues of com∣mon Parsely, but they be lesser, & smaller iagged & they that grow about the stemme, are not muche vnlyke the leaues of Dil, the flowers which are white, do growe in spokie tuftes lyke the toppes of Dyl. The seede is small of a flagrant smel, not much vnlyke the seede of Commin or Fenill, but a great deale smaller. The roote is rounde lyke a wherrow or wherle, or rather like a litle round appel, browne without and white within, in taste almost lyke to Carrottes.

¶ The Place.

This herbe groweth in many places of Hol∣lande and Zeelande, in corne feeldes & alongst the wayes, there is good store of it in some places of Englande. The Herboristes of Bra∣bant, do plant it in their gardens.

❀ The Time.

This herbe flowreth and deliuereth his seede in Iune.

[illustration]

Bolbocastanon.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Zeelande, Cleyn Eerdtnoten, some Herboristes take it for Apios, others for Meum, and the thirde for Bulbina: but it hath no lykenesse vnto any of them three, it seemeth better in my iudgement to 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Bolbocastanon, of Alexander Trallianus, the whiche the later Grecians do call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Agriocastanon, wherevnto it is very muche lyke: for the roote is lyke Bulbus, and in taste it is muche lyke to the Chestnut: in consy∣deration whereof, it may be well be called Bolbocastanon, and Agriocastanon: in French, Noix-Chastaigne: in base Almaigne, Eerdtrastanien: in English, Earth Chestnut.

❀ The Nature.

Bolbocastanon is hoate almost in the seconde degree, and somewhat astrin∣gent, the seede is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] In Sealande they eate this roote in meates, in whiche Countrie, it is not

muche differing in taste and vertue from Parsneppes and Carrottes: it prouo∣keth vrine comforteth the stomacke, nourisheth indifferently, & is good for the bladder and kidneyes.

[ B] Bolbocastanon, as Alexander Trallianus writeth, is good to be eaten of them that spit blood.

[ C] The seede of the same causeth women to haue their natural sicknes; bringeth foorth the secondines, prouoketh vrine, and is very profitable for the reynes, the kidneyes, the bladder, and the spleene or milte being stopped.

Of Mallowes. Chap. xxiiij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be diuers sortes of Mallowes, whereof some be of the garden, and some be wilde, the whiche also be of diuers kindes. The garden Mallow, called the winter or beyondsea roose, is of diuers sorts, not only in leaues, stalkes, and growing, but in proportion, colour, & flowers: for some be single, some double, some white, some carnation, some of a cleare or light red, some of a darke redde, some gray, and speckled. The wilde Mallowes are also of two sortes, the great and the small.

[illustration]

Malua satiua. Holyhocke or garden Mallow.

[illustration]

Malua syluestris elatior. Wild Hocke or the greater wild Mallow.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great tame Mallow which beareth the beyondsea or winter rose, hath great round rough leaues, larger, whiter, and vneuener: then the leaues of the other Hockes or Mallowes. The stalke is rounde, and

groweth sixe or seuen foote high or more: it beareth fayre great flowers of di∣uers coloures, in figure lyke to the common Mallowe or Hocke: but a great deale bigger, sometimes single, somtimes double. The flowers fallen the seede commeth vp lyke smal cheeses. The roote is great and long, and continueth a long time, putting foorth yerely newe leaues and stalkes.

[ 2] The great wilde Mallow, hath leaues somewhat round, fat, and a litle cut or snipt rounde about the borders, but of a browner colour, smaller and euener then the leaues of the Hollyhocke. The stalke is rounde of two or three foote long, thervpon grow the flowers in fashion like to the other, but much smaller, and parted into fiue leaues of a purple carnation colour, after whiche commeth the seede, whiche is rounde and flat, made lyke litle cheeses. The roote is long, and of a conuenient thicknesse.

[ 3] The smal wilde Mallow is very muche lyke to the great wilde Mallowe, sauing that his leaues be a litle rounder and smal∣ler: the flowers be pale, & the stalkes grow not high, or vpright: but trayle alongest the grounde. The roote is lykewyse long and thicke.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The Hollyhocke or garden Mallowe, is sowen and planted in gardēs of this Coun∣trie.

[ 1.3] The wilde kindes growe in vntoyled places, by path wayes, and pastutes.

❀ The Tyme.

Hollyhocke flowreth in Iune, Iuly, and and August. The wild beginneth to flower in Iune, & continueth flowring vntyl Sep∣tember, in the meane space it yeeldeth his seede.

❧ The Names.

Mallowes are called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Malua: of Pythagoras. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, An∣thema, of Zoroastes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Diadema: of the Egyptians, Chocortis, of some Vrina muris: in Frenche, Maulue: in high Douche, Pappel: in base Almaigne, Maluwe: in Shoppes Malua: in Englishe, Hockes, and Mallowes.

[illustration]

Malua syluestris pumila. The smal wild Mallow.

[ 1] The first kind of Mallowes, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Malua satiua: of some Rosa vltramarina: that is to say, the Beyondesea Rose: in Frenche, Maulue de iardin, or cultiuée in hygh Douche, Garden Pappeln, Ernrosz, or Herbstrosz: in base Almaigne, Winter∣roosen: in English, Holyhockes, and great tame Mallow, or great Mallowes of the garden.

[ 2] The wilde Mallow is called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Malua sylue∣stris: in high Almaigne, Gemeyn Pappeln: in base Almaigne, Maluwe, and Keeskens cruyt: wherof that sort which groweth vpright and highest, is called Malua elatior, that is the common Mallowe, or the tawle wilde Mallow, and the common Hockes.

[ 3] The second wild kind which is the least, is called Malua syluestris pumila, or Malua pumila, that is to say, the small wilde Hocke, or Dwarffe Mallowe: in Douche, Cleyn Maluwe.

❀ The Nature.

Mallowes are temperate in heate and moysture, of a digestiue and softe∣ning nature.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Mallowes taken in meate, nourish better then Letuce, and soften the belly: neuerthelesse they be hurtfull to the stomacke, for they loose and mollitie or relent the same.

[ B] The rawe leaues of Mallowes eaten with a litle salt, helpe the payne and exulceration of the kidneyes and bladder.

[ C] For the same purpose and against the grauel and stone, Mallowes are good to be boyled in water or wine, and dronken.

[ D] The decoction or broth of Mallowes with their rootes, are good agaynst al venome and poyson, to be taken incontinently after the poyson, so that it be vomited vp againe.

[ E] It doth mollifie and supple the tumours and hardnes of the mother, if wo∣men bathe in the broth thereof.

[ F] It is good against al going of, of the skin, excoriations, gnawings, rough∣nesse and fretting of the bladder, guttes, mother, and fundement, if it be put in with a glister.

[ G] The seede of Mallowes dronken in wine, causeth abundance of milke, and is good for them that feele paine in the bladder, and are troubled with grauel.

[ H] Mallowes are good to be layde to against the stinginges of Waspes and Bees, and draw foorth thornes and splinters, if they be layde therevpon.

[ I] The same raw or boyled, and pounde by them self, or with Swines grease, do supple, mollifie, rype, and dissolue all kindes of tumours, hoate and colde.

[ K] The rootes of Mallowes rosted in the imbers or hoate asshes, and pounde very smal, are very good to be layd to as an implaister, against the exulceration and sorenesse of womens breastes.

❀ The Choise.

The garden Mallow is whelsomer to be eaten, then the wilde Mallow: but in medicine, to soften hardnesse & dissolue swellinges or tumours, the wild kinde is better and of more vertue, then the garden Mallow.

Of Marrish Mallow / or white Mallow. Chap. xxv.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] MArrish Mallow is muche like the other Mallowes, but a great deale whiter, and softer: his leaues be roundishe, white, softe, and almost frised or cottoned, whiche in proportion and quantitie, are almost like to the leaues of the common hocke or wilde Mallowe. The stalke is rounde and straight. The flowers are in figure like to the wilde Mallowe, af∣ter them commeth the seede, as in the other Mallowes. The roote is great and thicke, white within, and slymie.

[ 2] The seconde kinde of white Mallow, whiche Theophrast describeth, hath roundish leaues, white and soft, and almost frised or Cottoned like the other white or Marrishe Mallowe, but farre greater, almost like in proportion and bignesse to the leaues of Gourde. The stalkes be long, thicke, and strong, vpon which betwixt the leaues and the stemme growe yellow flowers, & after them come crooked huskes (as though they were wrinckled) wherein is the seede.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] Marshe Mallowe loueth fat and moyst grounde, adioyning to waters and ditches.

[ 2] The second kind is a stranger in this Countrie: & therfore not to be founde but amongst certaine diligent herboristes.

[illustration]

Althaea. Marshe Mallowe, or flymie Mallowe.

[illustration]

Ibiscus Theophasti. Abutilon Auicennae. Yellow Hibiscuus, or Abtilno.

❀ The Time.

[ 1] It flowreth togither with the other Mallowes.

[ 2] The seconde forte is sowen in Marche or Aprill, and deliuereth his flower and seede about the ende of Sommer.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] These kindes of Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Althaea, and Hibiscus: of Galen Anadendron, of some Aristalthaea: in shoppes Bismalua, and Maluauiscum: in French, Guymaulue: in high Douche, Ibisch, oder Eibisch: in base Almaigne, Witte Malue, or Witte Huemst: in English, Marrish Mal∣lowe, and white Mallowe.

[ 2] The seconde kind is called of Theophrastus also in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine also Hibiscus, and to be knowen from the other Hibiscus Theo∣phrasti: of Auicenne it is called Abutilon, by the whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes.

❀ The Nature.

Marshe Mallow is temperate in heate as the other Mallowes, but dryer euen in the first degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Marsh Mallow boyled in wine and dronken, is good against the paine and griefe of the grauel and stone, the blooddy flixe, the Sciatica, the trembling & shaking of any member, & for suche as are troubled with crampes and burstinges.

[ B] The same boyled in sweet new milke, healeth the cough, as Plinie writeth.

[ C] It is good also against the toothache: for it swageth the payne, being boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth.

[ D] The same boyled in wine or honyed water, and brused or pounde very smal doth cure and heale newe woundes, and it doth dissolue and consume all colde tumours and swellinges, as wennes and hard kernelles, also the impostumes that chaunce behinde the eares, and for the burning impostume of the pappes: it softeneth tumours, it ripeth, digesteth, breaketh, and couereth with skinne, olde impostumes and blastinges or windie swellinges, it cureth the riftes and chappes of the fundament, and the trembling of the smewes, & sinewie partes.

[ E] The same so prepared and pounde with Swines grease, Goose grease or Turpentine, doth mollifie and swage the impostumes and sores of the mother, and openeth the stoppinges of the same, being put in as a pessarie or mother suppositorie.

[ F] The leaues are good for all the greefes aforesayde, being vsed in like man∣ner, yet they be nothyng so vertuous as the roote.

[ G] The leaues of marshe Mallow, beyng layde to with oyle, do heale the bur∣ninges and scaldinges with fire and water, and are good against the bytinges of men and Dogges, and against the stinginges of Bees and Waspes.

[ H] The seede greene or dried, pounde and dronke, healeth the blooddy flyxe, and stoppeth the laske, and all issue of blood.

[ I] The seede eyther greene or dry, layd to with vineger, taketh away freckles, or fowle spottes of the face both white and blacke, but ye must annoynt your selfe eyther in the hoate Sonne, or els in a hoate house or stewe,

[ K] The same boyled eyther in water, vineger, or wine, is good to be dronken of them whiche are stongue with Bees and Waspes.

Of verueyne Mallow / or cut Mallow. Chap. xxvi.

❀ The Description.

CUT Mallow, as witnesseth Dios∣orides, is a kind of wild Mallow, whose leaues are more clouen, dee∣per •…•…t, and diuided into sundry partes, al∣most lyke y^e leaues of Veruayne, but muche larger. The stalkes be round and straight, two or three foote high. The flowers be of a cleare redde or incarnate colour, in figure like to the flowers of the other Mallowes, after the flowers commeth the seede also fashioned lyke litle cheeses. The roote is thicke and two foote long or more, white within.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in vntoyled places, in the borders of fieldes and hedges, and is not very common in this Countrie.

❀ The Tyme.

Cut Mallow flowreth at Midsomer, as the other wilde Mallowes or Hockes.

[illustration]

Alcea.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: & in Latine, Alcea: vnknowen in shoppes: of some Herba Simeonis, & Herba Hungarica: in high Douche, Sigmars kraut, Sig∣mundswurtz,

or Hochlenten: in Frenche, Guymaulue sauuage▪ in base Almaigne, Sigmaerts cruyt: in English, Verueyn Mallow, or cut Mallowe, this is also a kinde of marshe or slymie Mallow, Symons Mallow.

❀ The Nature.

Cut Mallow is temperate betwixt heate and colde, and hath somewhat a drying nature.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of cut Mallowe, or Symons slymie Mallowe boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the blooddy flyxe, and healeth, and glueth togi∣ther woundes and inwarde burstinges.

Of Venisse Mallow. Chap. xxvij.

❀ The Description.

THe Venitian Mallow, hath rounde tender stalkes, with handesome branches, the leaues be of a darke greene, thicke or fat, clouen & iagged not much vnlyke the leaues of cut Mallow, or y^e wild Guy Mallow, of a shining darke colour, not muche vnlyke the colour of the leaues of Acanthus. The flowers growe at the toppe of the stalkes, and are the fayrest amongst al the sortes of Mallowes, almost lyke in making to the flowers of the other Mallowes, diuided also into fiue leaues, the extre∣mitie & outside of the leaues are white or pale, but the middle or inner part of the flower is of a browne red purple, with a yellowe Dodkin or Pestil, lyke golde in the middle. These flowers do not open at all vntyll three or foure houres after sonne rising, or an houre or two before noone, or there aboutes: and when they haue remayned open or spreade abrode the space of an houre, or an houre & a halfe, they close togither agayne, and fade or wither away, the whiche being past, there come in their steede little huskes or bladders, wherein are smal knoppes, or hearie pellettes, in whiche is a blacke seede. The roote is smal and tender, and perisheth yerely, so that it must be newe sowen euery yeere.

[illustration]

Alcea Veneta.

❀ The Place.

This herbe is a stranger in this Countrie, and is not founde at all except in the gardens of some Herboristes, where as it is sowen.

❀ The Tyme.

They sowe it in Marche or Aprill, and it flowreth in Iune and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This herbe of the later writers, is taken for a kinde of Alcea, and is called Alcea Veneta, that is to say, The slymie or Mucculage Mallow of Vennis: of some Malua Theophrasti: in high Douch, Venediger Pappeln, or wetter Rosz∣lin: in base Almaigne, Veneetsche Maluwe. This is not Hypecoon, as Mat∣thiolus

takes it, but it shoulde rather seeme to be Solanum Manicum, described in the xcij. Chapter of the thirde booke, wherevnto it resembleth muche.

❀ The Nature.

The Mucculage Mallowe is hoate and moyst, lyke to the common Hocke or great wilde Mallow, we may well presume, that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the common Mallow, yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Forasmuche as this Mallowe is hoate and moyst, we may well presume, that in operation and vertue, it is lyke to the common Mallowe, yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same.

Of Cucumbers. Chap. xxviij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Cucumbers, the garden and the wilde Cucumber. The garden Cucumber is vsed in meates. The wild kind is not good for that purpose, but serueth onely for medicine: we haue giuen you his de∣scription in the thirde booke of this historie the xl. Chapter.

❀ The Description.

THE garden and eateable Cu∣cumber, hath long rough bran∣ches, creeping alongest the grounde, vpon whiche growe rough roundishe leaues, and claspers or tendrelles. The flowers growe betwixt the leaues and the stalkes, of a faint yel∣lowe colour, y^t which being fallen away, the fruite foloweth after which is long, the outside thereof is sparckled, and set full of litle bowles of bosses, the coastes or sides be long, & greene at y^e beginning, & afterward yellow, within the whiche groweth a broade or large white seede. The roote is of a competent length.

❀ The Place.

These Cucumbers are sowen in gar∣dens, and loue places standing well in the Sonne.

❀ The Tyme.

The chiefest season, for the eating of Cucumbers, is in Iuly and August, and they are ripe in September.

[illustration]

Cucumis satiuus. Melopepon Galeni. Cucumbers.

❧ The Names.

This kinde of Cucumber is called of the later writers in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Cucumis satiuus, or Cucumer satiuus, of some Cucumis Anguinus, or Anguria: in shops, Cucumer, in French, Concombre▪ in high Douche, Cucumern, and Gurchen: in base Almaigne, Con∣commeren: and this seemeth to be the same, which Galen in libris de Alimen∣torum facultatibus, calleth 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Melopepon.

❀ The Nature.

The Cucumber is colde and moyst in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Cucumber taken in meates, is good for the stomacke and bowels that are troubled with heate: but it yeeldeth small nourrishment & euil, insomuch that the immesurable vse thereof, fylleth the vaynes with colde noughtie humours, the whiche (bycause they may not be conuerted into good blood) doo at the length bryng foorth long and great agues and other diseases, as Galen wri∣teth.

[ B] The seede dronken with milke or sweete wine looseth the belly gently, and is very good agaynst the exulceration, & rawnesse of the bladder, and inwarde stopping of the same.

[ C] The greene leaues stamped with wine and layde to, heale the bitinges of Dogges.

Of Melones and Pepones. Chap. xxix.

❧ The Kyndes.

THE Pepon is a kinde of Cucumber, the whiche is nowe of diuers sortes, as the great, round, and flat: whereof the great is also of two sortes, that is white, and greene.

[illustration]

Pepones magni. Great Melons or Pepons.

[illustration]

Pepones rotundi. Round Melons or Pepons.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe great Pepon hath long, round, great, rough, and hollow branches, beset with short sharpe prickles. The leaues be great, broade, & rough, parted into foure or fiue deepe cuttes or iagges, much greater then the leaues of the Gourde: by the sayde leaues come foorth clasping tendrelles;

whereby this Pepon groweth vp, and taketh holdfast by euery thyng. The flowers growe amongst the leaues, very great and hollowe within, iagged about the edges, and of a yellowe colour. The fruite is very bigge, thicke, and and long, one sort thereof is of a greenishe colour with many ribbes or costes, and the rinde is very harde: the other sorte is white, couered with a soft and tender rinde. The seede is inclosed in the fruite, and is white and broade, much larger then the seede of the Cucumber.

[ 2] The seconde kind whose fruite is round, hath also prickly stalkes & leaues: the stalkes be smaller, and most commonly creepe alongst the grounde. The leaues be also smaller and not so deepe cut or rent. The flowers be yellow lyke the flowers of great Melon or Pepō. The fruite is rounde and somewhat the other white, wherin groweth the flat, whereof one sorte is greene and sede smaller than the sede of the other Pepone, and greater than the seede of the Cucumber.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of Pepones is muche lyke to the seconde in creepyng branches, leaues, and flowers: but the stalkes be not so rough, the fruite is flat, brode, and round, couered with a soft and gentle rynde or coueryng, cronkeled & wrinckled about the bor∣ders or edgis, lyke to a buckler, wher∣in is the seede, lyke to the seede of the Cucumber but greater.

[ 4] There is also a wilde kinde of Pe∣pons, which are lyke y^e tame Pepons, in stalkes and rough leaues: but the fruite is smaller, and altogither bitter lyke to Coloquintida, or the wilde Gourde, or wilde Cucumber, where∣vnto this wilde kinde is agreeable in vertue and operation.

[illustration]

Pepones lati. Brode Melons or Pepons.

❀ The Place.

All these kindes of Melons, and Pepons, are sowen in gardens, and vsed in meates except the wilde kind.

❀ The Tyme.

The fruite is ripe in August, and sometimes sooner, if it be a hoate season, and a forwarde yere.

¶ The Names.

This fruit is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine, Pepones: of Galen also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Sicyopepones, that is to say, Pepones Cucumerales: Cucumber Pepons.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in English, Melons, and Pepons: in Frenche, Pom∣pons dyuer, or Citroulen in high Douche, Pseben: in base Almaigne, Pepoenen: & of the newe writers in Latine, Magni Pepones, of some Cucumeres Turcici, & in Almaigne accordingly Turckischer Cucumeren, & Torcksche Cōcommeren.

[ 2] The seconde kinde of Pepons is called Pepo, or Cucumis marinus: of some

Zuccomarin: in French, Concombre marin, Pompons Turquins in Douch, Zee Con∣commere in Englishe, Pompons, or Melons: we may also name them, Sea Cucumbers, or Turkie Pompons.

[ 3] The thirde kinde whiche is the large Pompone, is for the same cause called Pepones lati, Broade Pepons: in Douche, Breede Pepoenen, and of some Torcksche Meloenen, that is to say, Turkie Melons.

❀ The Nature.

The garden Melons, or Pompons, are colde and moyst, but not so moyst as the Cucumbers.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The fruit of the garden Pepon is not often eaten raw, but wel boyled with good flesh or sweete milke, for being so prepared it is better and lesse hurtfull than the Cucumber, and is good for suche as haue a hoate stomacke.

[ B] The flesh or substance of Pepons finely stamped, doth swage and heale the inflammations of the eye, if it be layde vnto them, and being bound to the fore∣head, it stoppeth the falling downe of humours into the eyes.

[ C] The seede of Pepons powned with meale and their owne iuyce, doth beau∣tifie the face, for it taketh away freckles and alspottes of the face, if the place be well rubbed with it in the Sonne.

[ D] The quantitie of a dramme of the dried roote taken with meade or honied water, maketh one to vomite.

[ E] The same layde to with honie, healeth the sores of the heate whiche be full of corruption and filthy matter.

Of Citrulle Cucumber. Chap. xxx.

❀ The Description.

THe Citrul or Citrō Cucumber is also a kind of Cucumber hauing rounde rough stalkes, full of Ca∣preoles or clasping tendrelles, whereby it taketh hold vpon hedges and stakes. The leaues be al iagged and rent, much lyke to the leaues of Coloquintida. The fruite is round and greene without, wherein groweth a flat blacke seede, lyke to a Melon or Pepon seede, but somwhat smaller.

❀ The Place.

This herbe is mainteyned in the gar∣dens of some Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

The Citrull Cucumber is rype with Pompons or Melons, about the ende of Sommer.

❧ The Names.

[ 1] This kind of Cucumber is called Cu∣cumis Citrulus, of some Anguria: in shops Citrulum: and in Douch according to the same, Citrullen: in French Concombre citrin: in Englishe, Citrulles: and of some, Pome Citrulles.

[illustration]

Cucumis Citrulus.

[ 2] The wilde kinde of this Cucumber, is

the right Coloquintida, described in the third booke of this historie of Plantes.

¶ The Nature.

The Citrull is of temperament, colde and moyst lyke the Pepon.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Citrull Cucumber is muche lyke to the Melone in vertue and opera∣tion, whether it be taken in meate or medicine.

Of Melons. Chap. xxxi.

❀ The Description.

THe Melon trayleth alongst the grounde lyke the Cu∣cumber, and hath tender branches with catching ca∣prioles, and rounde rough leaues. The flowers be yel∣lowe, lyke the flowers of the Cucumber. The fruite is long, and almost like to the Cucumber, but greater, and couered all ouer with soft heare, especially beyng yet young and tender, and yellowe within. The seede is muche inclosed in the inner parte of the fruite, and is muche lyke to the Cucumber seede.

❀ The Place.

Melons are sowen in gardens, and they require a fat & wel dounged ground, and also a drie grounde, standing well in the Sonne, for otherwise you scarse see them prosper in this Countrie.

❀ The Tyme.

The Melon is ripe in August & Sep∣tember.

[illustration]

Cucumis Galeni, & Antiquorum.

❧ The Names.

Galen nameth this fruite in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 that is to say in Latine, Cucumis, & vndoubtedly it is the Cucumis of the Auncientes, wherof Cucumer Asininus, that is to say, the leaping Cucumber is the wilde kinde. Of the later writers at these dayes, it is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Melopepo, of some Me∣lo, and in some places of Italy, it is also called Citrulus, and Cucumis citrulus: in Frenche, Melon: in high Douche, Melaunen: in base Almaigne, Meloenen: in Englishe, Melons, and muske Melons.

❀ The Nature.

The Melon in cemperament is almost like to the Pepone, but not so moyst.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Melon is in vertue like to the Pompon or Pepon, sauing that it doth not ingender so euill blood, neither doth it descende so quickly into the belly, wherefore it is by so much better then the Pepon.

Of Gourdes. Chap. xxxij.

❀ The Kindes.

THe Gourde is of three sortes, that is to say, the great, the smal, & the long, which are muche lyke one another in leaues & branches, ouer and bysides the wilde kind which is described before in the third booke.

[illustration]

Cucurbita cameraria maior.

[illustration]

Cucurbita minor.

[illustration]

Cucurbita anguina.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE Gourde hath long limmer stalkes, tender and full of branches and clasping tendrels or caprioles, whereby it taketh holde and climbeth vp, especially if it be set by perches, hedges, quick settes or trees, by the whiche it may take holde and wrap and wind it selfe: for without such stayes & helpes the Gourde cannot climbe vp, but will lye alongst and growe harde by the grounde, and than it can not bring foorth his fruit. The leaues be rounde, whitishe, soft, and almost lyke veluet, drawing somewhat towardes the fashion of the great Clot Bur leaues, but smaller. The flowers be white, euery flower parted into fiue small leaues, after the flowers commeth the fruite, at the be∣ginning greene, and ouerlayde or couered with a soft cotton or hearie downe, but af∣ter whan it turneth to ripenesse, it is of a yellowishe colour, and almost balde with∣out heare or cotton. This first kinde is ve∣ry great, rounde, thicke, and large. Within

this fruite is found a large long seede, with two peakes or corners at the ende of the same seede.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is lyke to the first in stalkes, leaues, flowers, and seede, sauyng that the fruite is smaller, and lyke a rounde flagon or bottel with a long necke, which is the best fashion of Gourdes, for they be oftentimes vsed (especially of the Pilgrimes) in steede of flagons or bottelles, when they are made hollowe.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is lyke to the aforesayde, sauyng that the fruit is neyther so short, nor so bigge as the fruite of the others, but most commonly is of three or foure foote long, and as bigge as ones legge or arme: the rest is lyke the others.

[ 4] Bysides these three kinds of garden Gourdes (as some learned men write) there is found another sort whose fruite is very short and no bigger than ones finger, the residue, as the stalkes and leaues is lyke to the abouesayde.

[ 5] Of this sorte is also a wilde kinde, whereof there is mention made in the Chapter of Coloquintida, in the thirde booke.

❀ The Place.

The three first kindes are planted in the gardens of this Countrie.

[ 4] The fourth kinde groweth in some Countries in rough stony places.

❀ The Tyme.

The Gourde is ripe in this Countrie in August and September.

❀ The Names.

The Gourde is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine and in the Shoppes, Cucurbita: in high Douche, Kurbs: in base Almaigne, Cau∣woorde: in Frenche, Courge▪ in Englishe, a Gourde, or Gourdes.

The three first kinds are called of Plinie Cucurbitae camerariae, and of some also Perticales: bycause they growe vppon poles, rayles, and perches lyke vnto vines, whereof is sometimes made close herbours and vaultes or coueringes.

[ 1] The first kinde is nowe called of the later writers, Cucurbita magna, & ma∣ior: in Englishe, the great Gourde: in Frenche, Grande Courge: in high Douche, Grosz kurbs: in base Almaigne, Groote Cauwoorden.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called Cucubita minor: in English, the lesser Gourder in high Douch, klein kurbs: in base Almaigne, Cleyn Cauwoorden: in Frēch Petit Courge.

[ 3] The third kind is called Cucurbita anguina, and of some Cucurbita oblonga: in Frenche, Courge longue: in high Douch, Lang Kurbs: in base Almaigne, Lan∣ghe Cauwoorden: in English, Long Gourdes.

[ 4] The fourth kinde whiche is yet vnknowen in this Countrie, is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Somphos: in Latine, Cucurbita barbarica, & marina.

❀ The Nature.

The Gourde is colde and moyst in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Gourde eaten rawe and vnprepared, is a very vnholsome foode, as Galen sayth, for it cooleth, and chargeth, or lodeth the stomacke, and ouertur∣neth and hurteth the same by stirring vp the payne thereof.

[ B] But being boyled, backte, or otherwayes dressed, it is not so hurtfull, for it doth coole and moysten the hoate and dry stomacke, slaketh thirste, and looseth the belly, neuerthelesse it nourisheth but litle.

[ C] The iuyce of the whole Gourde pressed out and boyled, and dronken with

a litle hony and Saltpeter looseth or openeth the belly very gently.

[ D] The lyke vertue hath y^e wine that hath stoode by the space of a whole night (abroade in the ayre) in a rawe holow Gourde, if it be dronken fasting.

[ E] The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes, the inflammations and rednes of the eyes, and especially the hoate payne of the gowte, being layd to the gree∣ued places.

[ F] The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares, swageth the paynes of the same.

[ G] The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort, or by it selfe, vnto scal∣dings, burnings, and chafinges, and hoate Cholerique inflammations, called Erisipelas, or S. Antonies fier.

[ H] The croppes and tender branches, dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger, cureth the blooddy flixe.

[ I] The rinde or barke of the Gourde, burned into ashes, doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters, that come of burning, and the old sores of the geni∣tours, being strowed therevpon.

[ K] The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber.

Of Rapes and Turneps. Chap. xxxiij.

❀ The Description.

THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues, whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme, are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes: and towards winter, it will haue a round stalke, vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers, which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Cole∣wurtes, to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers, huskes, & seede. The roote is rounde and thicke, white both without and within, somtimes as great as a mans head, sometimes no bigger then ones fiste, and sometimes smaller.

There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape, yet not that sorte, whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew, whereof we haue alredy spoken in y^e Chapt. of Beetes: but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid, in rough leaues, stalkes, flowers, coddes, and seedes: and and differeth but onely in this, that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red, in all thinges els lyke to the other, as I vnderstande by some Herboristes, who haue declared vnto me, that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hun∣garie and Bohem, doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens.

[illustration]

Rapa.

❀ The Place.

The Turnep loueth an open place, it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes, as

at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes, which do waxe very great: but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes, especially when the corne is ripe, but they become nothing so great.

❀ The Tyme.

They are sowen at the beginning of sommer, that they may waxe great: and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne: but the later sowing are neuer very great, & about April when sommer is at hand, they bring foorth stalkes, and flowers. The seede is ripe in May and Iune.

❀ The Names.

Rapes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Rapae: in French, Naneaux: in high Douch, Ruben: in base Almaigne, Rapen: in Englishe, Rapes and Turneps.

¶ The Nature.

Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel, so that it be moderately taken, and wel digested, but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested, it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse, & many superfluous humours in the body, especially when it is eaten rawe, for then it hurteth the stomacke, & causeth windinesse, blastings, and payne in the belly & small guttes.

[ B] The same boyled in milke, swageth the payne of the gowt, being laid therto.

[ C] Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose, and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers, healeth y^e kibed heeles. The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose, if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon, and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe, eyther baked or rosted, good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles.

[ D] The croppes and young springes of Turneps, eaten, prouoke vrine, and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone.

[ E] The seede of Turneps or Rapes, withstandeth all poyson, and therefore is put to the making of treacles, whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poy∣son, and for the swaging of paynes.

[ F] The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working, and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body.

The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body, the seede dronken is of the same vertue, the seede is also put into medi∣cines, that are made for the beautifying of the face, and al the body, as Diosco∣rides, Galen, and other approued aucthours testifie. Rapes haue also a marue∣lous properrie to cleare the eyesight, as Auerrois the Philosopher (but enimie vnto Christ) writeth.

Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle. Chap. xxxiiij.

¶ The Kindes.

The Nauew is of two sortes, tame and wilde.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] NAuew gentle, or garden long Rape, hath great large leaues al∣most lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes, but muche smoother. The stalke is rounde of a cubite long, vpon the whiche growe flowers, huskes, and seede lyke to Turnep. The roote is very long, and thicke, in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape.

[ 2] The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd, sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part, euen vp to the top, and the roote is not so long, but shorter and rounder, almost lyke to a wilde peare.

[illustration]

Napus hortensis. Garden Rape.

[illustration]

Napus syluestris. Wild Rape.

❀ The Place.

The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce, especially about Paris.

The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes, and such colde places.

❀ The Tyme.

The Nauew flowreth in the spring time, like the Turnep and Colewortes.

❀ The Names.

The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Napi: in high Douche, Steckruben: in Brabant, Steckrapen, and Parijsche Rapen, that is to say, Long Rape, and Paris Nauewes.

[ 1] Garden Nauew is called in Latine, Napus satiuus: in high Douch, Truckē Steckruben: that is to say, the drie Nauew: some do also cal it in English, Na∣uet, and Nauew gentle.

[ 2] The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris: in high Almaigne, Nasz Steck∣ruben, that is to say, the moyst or water Nauet.

❀ The Nature.

Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps, as Galen writeth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Nauew taken in meate, doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep, otherwise in vertue and operation, it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep.

[ B] The seede thereof is very good against poyson, and therefore it is put into treacles, and preseruatiues.

Of Rampion or wilde Rapes. Chap. xxxv.

❀ The Kindes.

There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes, the great and the smal.

[illustration]

Rapum syluestre paruum. Litle Rampions.

[illustration]

Rapum syluestre aliud. Wilde Rampions.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE smal common Rampion, his first leaues be roundishe, almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet, afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of two foote long, set about with long narrowe leaues, at the top of the stalkes growe pleasant flowers, very much lyke to the wild Bel flowers described in the seconde booke the xxiij. Chap. after the flowers come long cornered or square huskes, wherin the sede is inclosed which is very smal. The roote is long and white, sometimes as bigge as a mans litle finger, in tast almost like the Nauew gentle, the whiche in y^e winter season is vsed in salades.

[ 2] The other Rampion, the whiche is not yet very well knowen his first leaues be brode, and they that grow vp afterward about y^e stalke are narrowe: it hath one or two straight holow stems, in the top of the sayd stems groweth a great thicke bushie eare, ful of litle long smal flowers, which before their ope∣ning, are lyke litle crooked hornes, & being openly spread, are parted into foure litle narrowe leaues, of a blewe colour, purple, gray, or white. The flowers fallen, there appeare many rounde little huskes, ioyning one to another, lyke to the huskes or cuppes of the other Rampion, but much smaller. The roote is great white & full of sap, in fashion & taste like the roote of the other Rampion.

[ 3] The Marians Violet, and the Gauntelet, described in the second booke, are also of the kindes of Rampions.

¶ The Place.

[ 1] The little Rampion groweth in feeldes and pastures of this Countrie vn∣der hedges and bushes.

[ 2] The other Rampion groweth most cōmonly in wooddes, in clay groundes, and other fat, moyst and darke places.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] The litle Rampion flowreth in Iune and Iuly.

[ 2] The other flowreth in May.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] Rampion is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Rapa syluestris, that is to say, Wilde Rapes.

[ 2] The first kinde, is nowe called of the writers in these dayes, Rapontium, Rapunculum, and Rapunculum paruum: in French, Raiponce, and Petite Raiponce: in high Douche, Klein Rapuntzeln: in base Almaigne, Cleyn or ghemeyne Ra∣poncelen: in Englishe, Rampions and the litle Rampion.

The seconde is lykewise a kinde of Rampion; or wilde Rapes.

❀ The Nature.

Rampion is of nature somewhat like the Turnep.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Rampion eaten with vineger and salt stirreth vp appetite or meate lust, and prouoketh vrine, especially when it is but a litle boyled or parboyled.

[ B] Rampions mengled with the meale of Lupines or Iuray, doth clense and beautifie the face and all other partes of the body, being layde therevnto.

[ C] The iuyce of the stalkes & leaues of Rampions, especially of the lesser kind, dropped into the eyes with womens milke, cleareth the fight.

Of Radishe. Chap. xxxvi.

¶ The Kindes.

THere be two kindes of Radish, the tame, and the wilde, whereof the tame or garden Radish is of two sortes, the one with a round roote, like the Na∣uew or garden Rape, and is not very commō in Brabant. The other hath a very long white roote and is the common Radish of this Countrie. To this may be ioyned a thirde kinde of garden or tame Radishe, with the blacke roote whiche of late yeeres hath ben brought into Englande, and now beginneth al∣so to waxe common.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe common Radishe hath great brode rough leaues, muche clouen or deepely cut in vpon both sides, not muche vnlyke the Turney leaues. The stalkes be round, with many flowers of a purple or wan colour, euery flower parted into foure small leaues, the whiche being fallen, there come in their steede, long, rounde, sharpe poynted huskes, sometimes as bigge as ones little fingar, wherein is inclosed a rounde krowne seede. The roote of the one kind of garden Radishe, is of a foote or foote and a halfe long, white both without and within, and of a sharpe taste. The roote of the other is short, and as bigge as a Nauew, and of a stronger and sharper taste then the longer roote. The third roote is blacke without and white within, in taste like to the others.

The wilde Radishe hath leaues like the common Radishe, but smaller and fuller of cuttes or iagges. The stalke is of a foote and a halfe long, or more, vpon which grow many yellow flowers, and afterward smal huskes, wherein the seede, which is very smal, is inclosed. The roote is as bigge as ones finger, in taste very lyke to a young Radishe, but stronger.

[illustration]

Radicula satiua. Garden Radish.

[illustration]

Radicula syluestris. Wilde Radish.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] They sow Radish in gardens, and it requireth to be new sowen euery yere.

[ 2] The wilde Radish groweth alongst by ditches sides, both by standing and running waters.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] The garden Radish is sowen most commonly in Iune and Iuly, and that will serue to be eaten at winter, and it flowreth in Aprill and Maye: and that whiche is sowen in Marche flowreth the selfe same yere in May or Iune, and is nothing worth for to eate.

[ 2] The wilde flowreth in Iune, and shortly after it yeeldeth his seede.

¶ The Names.

[ 1] The first kind is called of the Athenienses, and other Auncientes in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Radicula, and Radicula satiua: of some Rapha∣nus: and in Shoppes, Raphanus minor: in Frenche, Raue & Raueforte: in high Douche, Rettich: in base Almaigne, Radijs: in Englishe, Radish.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Radicula syl∣uestris: of some Radicula palustris: in French, Raue sauuage. or Raifort d'eaue: in high Almaigne, Wilder Rettich: in base Almaigne, Wilde Radijs, and Water Ra∣dijs: in English, wilde Radish, or water Radish.

❀ The Nature.

[ 1] Radishe is hoate in the thirde degree, and drie in the seconde.

[ 2] The wilde Radish is stronger, and more biting than the garden Radishe.

❀ The Vertues.

Radish is now eaten with other meates, as they vsed in times past, Neuer∣thelesse

it is rather medicine then meate or nourishment, as witnesseth Galen: for it giueth very litle or no nourishment to the body, seing that it is sharpe and biting vpon the tongue.

[ B] The young stemmes and tender croppes or buddes of Radish, may be lyke∣wyse eaten with oyle and vineger being first boyled, and they nourishe better then the rootes, although in deede they yeelde but litle nourishment.

[ C] Dioscorides sayth, that the roote of Radish is pleasant to the mouth, but euill for the stomacke: for it engendreth belching and windinesse, with a desire to vomit.

[ D] The same eaten before meate, lifteth vp the meate, and taken after meate or meale, it suppresseth the same, causing it to descende and digest.

[ C] It is good to be eaten before meale to cause vomit, especially the barke ther∣of, the whiche taken with Oximel (that is honied vineger) hath the greater strength to stirre vp vomiting, and purgeth tough and slymie fleme, and quick∣neth the wit and vnderstanding.

[ F] The decoction or broth of Radishe, dronken prouoketh vrine, breaketh the stone, and driueth it foorth.

[ G] The same rypeth tough fleme, and grosse humours, wherwithhall the brest and stomacke is charged, and causeth them to be spet out: it is also good against an olde cough, and the brest that is stuffed with grosse humours.

[ H] Radishe is good agaynst the Dropsie, and for them that be liuer sicke, and for them that haue any payne or stopping of the raynes, and eaten with vineger and mustarde, it is good against the Lethargie, whiche is a drowsie and for∣getfull sicknesse.

[ I] It is also good for such as are sicke with eating Tadestooles or Mushrumes, or Henbane, or other venome, and for them that haue the cholique and griping paynes in their bellyes, as Plistonicus, and Praxagoras writeth.

[ K] It moueth womens flowers, and as Plinie writeth, causeth abundance of milke.

[ L] The roote stamped very smal with vineger, cureth the hardnesse of the melt or splene, being layde therevpon.

[ M] The same with hony stayeth fretting, festering and consuming sores, also it is good against scurffenesse, and scales of the head, and filleth vp agayne bare places with heare.

[ N] The same with the meale of Darnel or Iuray, taketh away blewe spottes of brused places, and al blemishes and freckles of the face.

[ O] The seede thereof causeth one to vomit vehemently, and prouoketh vrine, and being dronken with hony and vineger, it kylleth & driueth foorth wormes of the body.

[ P] The same taken with vineger, wasteth the melt or splene, and flaketh the hardnesse therof.

[ Q] The same sodden in honied vineger, is good to be often vsed hoate for a gar∣garisme against the Squinancie.

[ 2] [ R] The wilde or water Radish hath the same vertue, and in working is like to the garden Radish, but altogither stronger, and is inguler to prouoke vrine.

Of Raifort or mountayne Radish. Chap. xxxvij.

❀ The Description.

MOuntayne Radish or Rayfort hath great brode leanes, in fashion lyke to the great Docke, called Patience, but greater and rougher. The stalkes be tender, short, and small, at the top whereof are small white flowers, and after them very smal huskes, wherein is the seede. The

roote is long and thicke of a very sharpe taste, and biting vpon the tongue: & there∣fore it is pound or stamped very small to be eaten with meates, and specially fishe in steede of Mustarde.

¶ The Place.

It is founde for the most part planted in gardens, and where as it hath ben once set, it remayneth a long season without pe∣rishing.

❀ The Time.

The great Raifort springeth vp in April, and flowreth in Iune.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the later wri∣ters, Raphanus magnus, & Raphanus mon∣tanus: in Frenche, Grand Raifort, & Raphanus: in high Douche, Meerretich, and Kern: in Brabant most commōly Raphanus, of some also Merradijs. Some of the learned sort of the later writers doo take it for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Raphanus, of the Auncient Atheniens, the whiche as some write, is an enimie to the vine, but this is not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of Theophrast, or of the other Greekes their successours: Who take for Raphanus, Brassica Romano∣rum, whiche is our common Colewurtes. Some others iudge it to be Thlaspi, wher∣of Cratenas writeth, but their opinion is nothing like to the trueth.

[illustration]

Raphanus magnus.

❀ The Nature.

The great Rayfort is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree, especially the roote, in whiche is the cheefest vertue.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of the great Rayfort is in vertue muche like to Radishe, but it is hoater and stronger, but not so muche troubling the stomacke.

[ B] The same being very small grounde or stamped, may be serued to men in steede of Mustarde, or other sawce to eate fishe withall: for being so taken it warmeth the stomacke, and causeth good appetite, and digesteth fish very wel.

[ C] It hath bene also founde by experience, that the great Raifort doth hinder the growing of the vine, and being planted neare it, causeth the vine to starue and wither away, the whiche thing the later Greeke writers, & not the Athe∣niens, do ascribe to Colewurtes.

Of Carrottes. Chap. xxxviij.

❀ The Kindes.

[ 1] THere be three sortes of Carrottes, yellowe and red, whereof two be tame and of the garden, the thirde is wilde growing of it selfe.

❀ The Description.

THe Yellow Carrot hath darke greene leaues, al cut and hackt, almost like the leaues of Cheruil, but a great deale browner, larger, stronger, and smaller cut. The stemmes be rounde, rough without, and hollowe

[illustration]

Staphilinus luteus. Yellow Carrot.

[illustration]

Staphilinus niger. Red Carrot.

[illustration]

Staphilinus syluestris. Wilde Carrot.

within: at the highest of the stems growe great shadowie tuftes, or spokie toppes, with white flowers, & after them rough seede, in proportion not muche vnlike An∣nys seede. The roote is thicke and long, yellowe both without and within, and is vsed to be eaten in meates.

[ 2] The red Carrot is lyke to the afore∣sayde in the cuttes of his leaues, and in stalkes, flowers, and seede. The roote is lykewise long and thicke, but of a purple red colour both within and without.

[ 3] The wilde is not much vnlyke the gar∣den Carrot, in leaues, stalkes, & flowers. sauing the leaues be a little rougher, and not so much cut or iagged, & in the middle of the flowrie tuftes, amongst the white flowers groweth one or two little purple markes or speckes. The seede is rougher, and the roote smaller and harder then the other Carrottes.

❀ The Place.

The manured or tame Carrot is sowen in gardens.

[ 3] The wilde groweth in the borders of feeldes, by high wayes and pathes, and in rough vntoyled places.

❀ The Tyme.

Carrotes doo flower in Iune and Iuly, and their seede is rype in August.

¶ The Names.

Carrottes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine Pastinacae.

[ 1] The first kinde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and Pastinaca satiua: of the later writers, Staphilinus Luteus: in high Douche, Zam Pastiney, Zam Pastina∣chen, and Geel Ruben: in French, Pastinade iaulne: in base Almaigne, Geel Peen, Pooten, and Geel wortelen: in Englishe, Yellowe Carrottes,

[ 2] The second kinde is also Staphilinus satiuus, and is called Staphilinus niger: in Frenche, Pastenade rouge: in high Douch, Rot Pastiny: in base Almaigne, Ca∣roten: in English, Red Carrottes.

And these two garden Carrottes are in sight lyke to 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Daucus, descri∣bed by Theophraste lib. ix. Chap. xv. and lyke to the herbe whiche Galen in his syxth booke of Symples nameth 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say, Daucus Pasti∣naca.

[ 3] The wilde kinde is called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Pastinaca syluestris: in Shoppes, Daucus, as we haue declared in the seconde booke, of some it is also named Pastinaca rustica, Carota, Babyron, and Sicha: in Frenche, Des Panaz, or Pastenade sauuage. in high Douche, Wild Pastnach, or wild Paste∣ney, and Vogelnest: in base Almaigne, Vogels nest, and Croonkens cruyt: in Englishe, Wilde Carrot.

❀ The Nature.

The roote of Carrottes is temperate in heate and drynesse. The seede ther∣of, especially of the wilde kinde is hoate and drie in the second degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Carrot rootes eaten in meates, nourishe indifferently well, and bycause it is somewhat aromaticall or of a spicelyke taste, it warmeth the inward partes, being eaten moderately: for when it is to muche and to often vsed, it engen∣dreth euill blood.

[ B] The rootes of Carrottes, especially of the wilde kinde, taken in what sorte soeuer it be, prouoke vrine, and the worke of veneri. And therefore Orpheus writeth, that this roote hath power to encrease loue.

[ C] Carrot rootes made into powder, and dronken with Meade or honied wa∣ter open the stoppinges of the liuer, the melt or splene, the kidneyes & raines, and are good against the Iaunders and grauel.

[ D] The seede of wilde Carrot prouoketh womens flowers, and is very good agaynst the suffocation and stiflinges of the Matrix, being dronken in wine, or layde to outwardly in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie.

[ E] It prouoketh vrine, and casteth foorth grauel, and is very good agaynst the strangurie, and Dropsie, and for suche as haue payne in the syde, the belly and raynes.

[ F] It is good against all venome, and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes.

[ G] Some men write, that it maketh the women fruitfull that vse often to eate of the seede thereof.

[ H] The greene leaues of Carrottes brused with hony and layde to, doo clense and mundifie vncleane and fretting sores.

[ I] The seede of the garden Carrot, is in vertue lyke to the wilde Carrot, but nothing so strong, but the roote of the garden Carrot, is more conuenient and better to be eaten.

Of Parseneppes. Chap. xxxix.

❀ The Kindes.

There be two sortes of Parseneppes, the garden and wilde Parsenep.

[illustration]

Pastinaca vulgaris. Garden Parsenep.

[illustration]

Elaphoboscum. Wilde Parsenep.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE garden Parsenep hath great long leaues, made of diuers leaues set togither vpon one stemme, after the fashion or order of the leaues of the Walnut or Ashe tree, whereof eache single leafe is broade or somewhat large, and nickt or snipt round about the edges, the stalke groweth to the height of a man, channell straked and forrowed, hauing many ioyntes, lyke the stalke or stemme of Fenill: at the toppe growe spokie tuftes, bearing yellowe flowers, and flat seedes, almost lyke the seede of Dyll, but greater. The roote is great and long, of a pleasant taste, and good to be eaten.

[ 2] The wylde Parsenep, in leaues flowers and seede is much lyke the garden Parsenep, sauing that his leaues be smaller, & his stalkes slenderer, the roote is also harder and smaller, and not so good to be eaten.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The manured and tame kinde is sowen in gardens.

[ 2] The wilde groweth in this Countrie, about wayes and pathes.

❀ The Tyme.

Parseneppes doo flower in Iune and Iuly: and the garden Parseneppes are best and most meete to be eaten, the winter before their flowring.

¶ The Names.

[ 1] The first kind is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie, Pastinaca, and the neather Douchemen borowing of the Latine do cal it Pastinaken: in Englishe lykewise Parsenep: in Frenche, Grand Cheruy: in high Douche, Moren, and Zam Moren, and according to the same the base Almaignes call it, Tamme Mooren. Some take it for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Sisarum, others take it for a kind of Staphi∣linus, and Pastinaca And in deede it seemeth to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, Pastinaca, whereof Galen writeth in his viij. booke of Simples.

[ 2] The wilde kinde is called in some Shoppes, Branca leonina, or Baucia: in Frenche, Cheruy sauuage. in high Douch, Wild Moren: in base Almaigne, Wilde Moren: it is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, of some, as witnesseth Dioscorides, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Elaphoboscum, and Cerui ocel∣lus: in Englishe, Wilde Parsenep.

❀ The Nature.

Parsenep is hoate and drie, especially the seede whiche is hoater and drier then the roote.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of the garden Parsenep eatē in meates, as the Carrot, doth yeeld more and better nourishment then Carrot rootes, and is good for the lunges, the raynes, and the brest.

[ B] The same roote causeth one to make water well, and swageth the paynes of the sydes, and driueth away the windinesse of the belly, and is good for such as be bruysed, squat, or bursten.

[ C] The seede of the wilde Parsenep is good agaynst all poyson, and it healeth the bitinges and stinginges of all venemous beastes, being dronken in wine. And truely it is so excellent for this purpose, that it is left vs in writing, that when the Stagges or rather the wild Hartes haue eaten of this herbe, no venemous beasts may annoy or hurt them.

Of Skirwurtes. Chap. xl.

❀ The Description.

THe Skirwurt hath roūd stalkes, the leaues be cut and snipt about lyke the teeth of a sawe, diuers set vppon one stemme not muche vnlyke y^e leaues of garden Pars∣nep, but a great deale smaller & smoother. The flowers grow in round tuftes of spoky toppes, and are of a white colour, and after that commeth a seede somewhat broade, (as I reade in my copie) but the Skirworte that groweth in my garden which agreeth in al things els with the de∣scription of this Skirwort, hath a litle long crooked seede of a browne colour, the which being rubbed smelleth plea¦santly, somewhat lyke the seede of Gith, or Nigella Romana, or lyke the sauour of Cypres wood. The rootes are white of a finger length, diuers hanging togither, and as it were growing out of one moare, of a sweete taste, and pleasant in eating.

[illustration]

Sisarum.

¶ The Place.

These rootes are planted in gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

These rootes are digged out of the grounde to be eaten in Marche, and the least or smallest of them are at the same time planted agayne, the which be good and in season to serue agayne the yeere folowing to be eaten. But whan they be left in the grounde without remouing, they flower and are in seede in Iuly, and August.

❀ The Names.

This roote is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Siser, and Sisarum: & some men cal it Seruillum, Seruilla, or Cheruilla: in Frēch, Petit Cheruy: in high Douch Gerlin, Gierlin, & of some Zam Rapuntzel: in base Almaigne, Suycker wor∣telkens, and Serillen: in English, Skyrwurt, and Skirwit rootes.

❀ The Nature.

Skirwurtes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Skirrets boyled, is good for the stomacke, stirreth vp appe∣tite, and prouoketh vrine.

[ B] The iuyce of the roote dronken with Goates milke, stoppeth the laske.

[ C] The same dronken with wine, driueth away windinesse, and gripinges of the belly, and cureth the hicket or yexe.

Of Garden Parsely. Chap. xli.

❀ The Description.

GArden Parsely hath greene leaues, iagged, & in diuers places deepe cut, and snypt rounde about lyke the teeth of a sawe. The stalkes be rounde, vppon the whiche growe crownes or small spokie toppes, with flowers of a pale yellowe colour, and after them a small seede somewhat rounde, and of a sharpe or biting tast, and good smell. The roote is white and long as the roote of Fenill, but a great deale smaller.

❀ The Place.

Parsely is sowen in gardens amongst wurtes and potherbes, and loueth a fat and fruitfull grounde.

❀ The Time.

The common Parsely flowreth in Iune, & his seede is ripe in Iuly, a yere after the first sowing of it.

❀ The Names.

The cōmon Parsely is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Apium, and Apium hortense: in shoppes, Petrose∣linum, and the Douchmen folowyng the same, calleth it Petersilgen, or Peterlin: in neather Douchland it is called Peterselie: in Frenche, Persil, or Persil de iardin: in Englishe, Parsely, and garden Parsely.

[illustration]

Apium hortense.

❀ The Nature.

Garden Parsely is hoate in the seconde degree, and drie in the thirde, espe∣cially the seede whiche doth heate and drie more then the leaues or roote.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Garden Parsely taken with meates is very wholesome and agreeable to the stomacke, it causeth good appetite and digestion, and prouoketh vrine.

[ B] The broth or decoction of the roote of garden Parsely dronken, openeth the stopping of the liuer, the kidneyes, and all interior partes, it causeth to make water, it driueth foorth the stone and grauell, and is a remedie agaynst all poy∣son.

[ C] The seede of Parsely is good for all the aforesayde purposes, and is of grea∣ter vertue and efficacie then the roote: for it doth not only open al stoppinges, & resist poyson, but also it dispatcheth and driueth away all blastinges and win∣dinesse, and therefore it is put into al preseruatiues and medicines, made to ex∣pell poyson.

[ D] It is also good against the cough, to be mixt with Electuaries & medicines made for that purpose.

[ E] The leaues or blades of Parsely pound with the crōbes of bread (or barley flower) is good to be layde to against the inflammations and rednesse of the eyes, and the swelling of the pappes, that commeth of clustered mylke.

Of Marish Parsely / March or Smallache. Chap. xlij.

❀ The Description.

SMallache hath shynyng leaues, of a darke greene colour, muche diuided, and snipt rounde about with small cuttes or natches, muche greater and larger then the leaues of common garden Parsely. The stalkes be rounde and full of branches, vppon the which grow spoky tufts or litle shadowy toppes with white flowers, which after∣warde bring foorth a very small seede, lyke to garden Parsely seede, but smaller. The roote is small and set full of hearie threddes or stringes.

❀ The Place.

Smalllache groweth in moyst places that stande lowe, and is sometimes plan∣ted in gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

Smallache flowreth in Iune and yel∣deth foorth his sede in Iuly and August, a yere after the sowing thereof, euen lyke to garden Parsely.

[illustration]

Elioselinon.

❧ The Names.

Smallache is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Apium palustre, & Paludapium, that is to say, Marrish Parsely: of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Hydroselinon agriō, that is, Wilde water Parsely, and Apium rusticum: in shoppes, Apium: in Frenche, De L'ache: in high Douche, Epffich: in

base Almaigne, Iouffrouw merck, and of some after the Apothecaries Eppe: in Englishe, Marche, Smallache, and Marrishe Parsely.

❀ The Nature.

Smallache is hoate and drie lyke garden Parsely.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede and rootes of Smallage, in working are much like to the rootes and seede of garden Parsely, as Dioscorides writeth.

[ B] The iuyce of Smallache doth mundifie and clense corrupt and festered sores, especially of the mouth and throte, mingled with other stuffe, seruing to the same purpose.

[ C] Smallache, as Plinie writeth, is good against the poyson of Spiders.

Of Mountayne Parsely. Chap. xliij.

Orioselinon.

❀ The Description.

AMongst the kindes of Parsely, the Auncientes haue alwayes descri∣bed a kinde whiche they name Mountayne Parsely. And albeit it be nowe growen out of knowledge, yet we haue thought it good to de∣scribe the same, to the intent that nothing should fayle of that, whiche apparteyneth to the kindes of Parsely, also we hope that this Parsely shalbe the sooner founde, bycause we do here expresse it by name. This Parsely, as writeth Dioscorides, hath smal tender stalkes of a span long, hauing litle bran∣ches, with smal spokie tops or crownets, lyke to Hemlocke, but much smaller, vpon the which groweth a litle seede somewhat long, like to the seede of Com∣min, smal, of a very good and aromatical sent, and sharpe vpon the tongue.

❀ The Place.

This kinde of Parsely groweth in rough vntoyled places, and vppon high stonie hylles, for the whiche consyderation it is called Mountayne Persely.

❧ The Names.

This Parsely is called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Apium montanum, that is to say in Englishe, Hyll Parsely, or Mountayne Parsely: in Frenche, Persil de montaigne: in high Douch, Berch Epffich: in base Almaigne, berch Eppe.

❀ The Nature.

This Persely is of complexion, or temperament lyke the other, but a great deale stronger, as witnesseth Galen.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede and roote of hill, or mountayne Parsely dronken in wine, prouo∣keth vrine and womens flowers,

[ B] The seede with great proffite is put into preseruatiues and medicines pre∣pared to prouoke vrine.

Of stone Parsely. Chp. xliiij.

❀ The Description.

THis Parlely hath meetely large leaues, seuered into sundrie partes, or diuers smal leaues, the which vpō eache side are deepe cut and fynely hackt or snipt round about. The stalkes be small of two foote long, vpō whiche growe small spokie toppes with white flowers, and after them a seede somewhat browne, not muche vnlyke the seede of the garden Parsely, but bet∣ter, and of an aromaticall sauour, & sharper taste. The roote is small with many hearie stringes hanging thereat.

❀ The Place.

This kinde which is the right Parsely, groweth plentifully in Macedonia, in rough stony and vntoyled places, and also in some places of Douchland, that be lykewise rough stony and vntoyled. The Hetboristes of this Countrie doo sow it in their gardens.

❀ The Time.

This Parsely flowreth in Iuly, and yeeldeth his seede in August.

❀ The Names.

This strange (but yet the true Parse∣ly) is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. and by∣cause it groweth plentifully in Macedo∣nia, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Petroselinon Macedonicon: in Latine, Petrapium, A∣pium saxatile, and Petroselinum, that is to say in English, Stone Parsely, in high Douch, Stein Epffich, or Stein Peter∣lin: in base Almagne, Steen Eppe. It is also called of some ignorāt Apothecaries Amomū: in Brabant they cal it, Vremde Peterselie, that is to say, Strange Pars∣ly, the whiche without all doubt is the true Parsely, called by the name of the place, where as it groweth most plenti∣fully, Parsely of Macedonie: the French men call it Persil de Roches and Persil vray.

❀ The Nature.

This Parsely is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede of this Parsely moueth wo∣mens flowers, prouoketh vrine, breaketh and driueth foorth the stone and grauel togither with the vrine.

[ B] It dispatcheth and dissolueth all win∣dinesse and blastinges, and easeth the gri¦pinges of the stomacke and bowels: it is also very excellent against all colde passi∣ons of the sides, the kidneyes, and blad∣der.

[ C] It is also put with great profite in pre∣paratiues, and medicines ordayned to prouoke vrine.

[illustration]

Petroselinum Macedonicum.

Of great Parsely or Alexander. Chap. xlv.

❀ The Description.

THE great Parsely hath large leaues, broade, and somewhat browne, not muche vnlyke the leaues of garden Parsely, but muche larger and blacker, almost lyke the leaues of Angelica. The stalke is rounde of three or foure foote high, at the toppe whereof it bringeth foorth round spokie tufts or circles with smal white flowers,

[illustration]

Hypposelinon.

and after them a blacke seede (somewhat long, and almost as bigge as the ker∣nell of an Orenge) of a spicie sauour and bitterishe taste. The roote is white within, and blacke without, which being taken foorth of the ground, & broken in peeces putteth foorth a thicke liquer, or oylie gumme of a yellowishe colour, in taste very bitter and lyke to Myrrhe.

❀ The Place.

This Parsely groweth in some Countries in lowe shadowie places. The Herboristes of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

This Parsely flowreth in Iuly, and in August the seede is rype.

❀ The Names.

This Parsely is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Equapium, and Olu∣satrum, of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Smyrnium: and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say, Apium sylue∣stre: and of the later writers, Petroselinum Alexandrinum: in shoppes not with∣out errour (Petroselinum Macedonicum) for it hath no similitude at all with the Parsely of Macedonie: in Frenche, Grand Persil or Grand Ache, or Alexandre: in high Douche, Grosz Eppich, or Grosz Epffich: in base Almaigne, Groote Eppe: in English, Alexanders.

¶ The Nature.

This Parsely in temperament is hoate and drie, like the others.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede of the great Parsely dronken alone, or with honyed water, brin∣geth to women their desyred sicknesse, dissolueth windinesse, and grypinges of the belly, it warmeth the astonied members, or limmes taken with colde, and bruysing shiueringes or shakinges that come with extreame colde: and is good against the strangurie.

[ B] The roote of the great Parsely breaketh and driueth foorth the stone, cau∣seth one to make water, and is good against the paines of the raines, and ache in the sides.

[ C] To conclude the seede of great Parsely is of lyke vertue to the seede of the garden Parsely, and in all thinges better and more conuenient then the com∣mon Parsely seede.

Of wilde Parsely. Chap. xlvi.

❀ The Description.

THE herbe which we (in folowing the auncient Theophrastus) do cal wilde Ache or Parsely, hath large leaues, al iagged, cut, and vittered, muche lyke the leaues of the wilde Carrot but larger. The stalkes be rounde and holow of foure or fiue foote long, of a browne red colour next the grounde, at the top of them growe spokie rundels, or rounde tuffetes with white flowers, after them commeth a flat rough seede, not muche vnlyke the sede of Dyl, but greater. The roote is parted into two or three long rootes, the whiche doo growe very seldome downewardes, but most commonly are founde lying ouerthwarte and alongst, here and there, and are hoate and bur∣ning vpon the tongue. The whole herbe both stalkes & leaues, is full of white sappe, lyke to the Tithymales or Spurges, the whiche commeth foorth when it is broken or pluckt.

¶ The Place.

This herbe is founde in this Countrie in moyst places, about pondes, and alongst by diches, neuerthelesse it is not very common.

❀ The Tyme.

The wilde Parsely flowreth in Iune, and his seede is ripe in Iuly.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in La∣tine, Apium syluestre, that is to say, Wilde Parsely: in Frenche, Persil, or Ache sauuage: in high Douche, Wilder Eppich, or Epffich: in base Almaigne, Wilde Eppe. Of this herbe Theo∣phrastus writeth, in his vij. booke the iiij. Chap. saying that y^e wilde Parsely hath red stemmes. And Dioscorides in his third booke the lxvij. Chap. In some shops of this Countrie it is cal∣led Meum: & they vse the rootes of this Parsely in steede of Meum.

❀ The Nature.

The wilde Parsely and specially the roote thereof is hoate and drye in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of wilde Parsely holden in the mouth & chewed, appeaseth the rigour of the tooth ache, and draweth abundance of humours frō the braine.

[illustration]

Apium syluestre.

Of water Parsly. Chap. xlvij.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere is founde in this Countrie two kyndes of this herbe, one great, the other smal, the which do differ but onely in figure, and that is long of the diuersite of the places where as it groweth, for the one is changed into the other, whē as it is remoued frō one place to another. That is to say, that which groweth alwayes in the water, becommeth smal being planted vpon the lande or d••ie grounde: and on the contrarie, that whiche groweth vppon the drie land becommeth great, being planted in the water: so that to say the trueth, these two herbes are but all one, which doth not only happen to this herbe, but also to diuers others, that grow in the waters or moyst medowes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great water Parsely, hath round, holow, smooth brittel stalkes, & long leaues made & fashioned of diuers little leaues standing directly one agaynst another, and spread abrode like winges, wherof each litle leafe by it selfe is playne and smooth, and snipt about the edges lyke to a sawe. At the top of the stalkes growe litle spokie rundels with white flowers. The roote is ful of hearie threds, & it putteth foorth on the sides new springs, al the herbe is of a stronger & pleasanter sauour then any of the kindes of Parsely, & being brused & rubbed betwixt the handes doth smell almost like Petrolium.

[ 2] The lesser water Parsely, in sent is lyke to the abouesayde, his stalkes be lykewise holowe, but smaller. The leaues be not lyke to the greater, but draw∣ing neare to the leaues of Cheruill, but yet more tenderer, and more mangled, pounsed or iagged the smal flowers be white and do also growe in litle round tuftes, and shadowie or spokie circles growing thicke and neare throng togi∣ther. The roote is ful of threddy stringes, and doth lykewyse put foorth diuers

newe springes or branches, the whiche do stretche and spreade abroade vppon the grounde, and cleaue fast to the grounde taking roote here and there.

[illustration]

Lauer Crateuae. Great water Parsely.

[illustration]

Lauer minus. Small water Parsely. Iuncus adoratus.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The greater water Parsely groweth in diches and pondes.

[ 2] The lesser groweth in moyst medowes that stande lowe and waterie, not very farre from pooles, and standing waters, yet sometimes lykewise therein.

❀ The Tyme.

Water Parsely flowreth in Iune and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first herbe shoulde seeme to be a kind of that which is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Lauer, and Sium: in Frenche, Berle: in high Douche, Wass Epffich: in base Almaigne, Water Eppe, that is to say, Ache, or water Parse∣ly. Turner and Cooper do call it, Sallade Parsely, Yellow water cresses, and Bell ragges.

[ 2] The seconde is lykewise a kinde of Sium, as namely that whiche is called Iuncus odoratus. And yet it is not the vpright Iuncus, for this is but named for a likenesse vnto it, bycause that his stalkes be like rushes, and it hath a pleasant smell.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

Without doubt this herbe is of complexion hoate and drie, and in vertue lyke to the other Sium.

Of Bastarde Parsley. Chap. xlviij.

❀ The Description

CAucalis is a hearie herbe & somwhat rough, not much vnlike Carrot. The leaues be almost lyke the leaues of Cori∣ander, but disembred and parted into smaller iagges or frengis. At the toppe of the branches growe shadowy bushes or spoke rundels. with white flowers whose grea∣test blades or leaues are turned outwardes. The seede is long and rough like Carrot seede, but grea∣ter then Commin seede.

❀ The Place.

This herbe is founde in this Countrie in the Menze of Corne feeldes.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iune, and with∣in short space after the sede is ripe.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and also in Latine, Cauca∣lis, of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: that is to say, Daucus syluestris: vnknowen in shoppes: Cooper calleth it, Ba∣starde Parsley, and sayth it is an herbe lyke Fenill with a white flower and commeth of noughtie Parsly seede.

[illustration]

Caucalis.

¶ The Nature.

Caucalis is hoate and drie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Caucalis prouoketh to make water like Daucus, whervnto Caucalis is much muche like in vertues, as witnesseth Galen. Matthiolus attributeth many o∣ther excellent vertues to the herbe Caucalis, as you may see in his Commenta∣ries vpon the seconde booke of Dioscorides.

Of Smyrnium. Chap. xlix.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe, as Dioscorides writeth, hath leaues lyke Parsley, and they bende downewarde, of a strong and pleasant Aromaticall smell with some sharpenes, and of a yellowish colour, greater and thicker then the leaues of Parsley: at the top of the stalkes grow smal spoky tuffets or rundels lyke Dyll, with yellowe flowers, and after them a small blacke seede, lyke the seede of Colewurtes, it is sharpe and bitter in taste like Myrrhe. The roote is of a good length, playne, and ful of iuyce, of a good smal and sharpe taste, blacke without and white within.

❀ The Place.

Smyrnium, as saith Dioscorides, groweth in Cilicia vpon the mount Amanus,

in stonie rough and drie grounde, but now some diligēt Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Smyrnium: in Cilicia, Petroselinon, and of some as Galen writeth, Hipposelinon a∣greste, that is wilde Alexander.

❀ The Nature.

Smyrnium is hoate and drie in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues and roote of Smyr∣nium doo appease and mitigate the olde cough, and the hardnesse in fetching breath, they stoppe the bel∣ly, and are very good agaynst the bytinges and stingynges of vene∣mous beastes, & agaynst the payne to make water.

[ B] The leaues of Smyrnion layde to, doth dissolue wennes and harde swellinges that be newe, it dryeth vp sores, and exulcerations, and gleweth togither woundes.

[ C] The seede is good agaynst the diseases & stoppinges of the splene, the kidneyes, and the bladder, it moueth womens natural sicknes, and driueth foorth the after birth or secondines.

[illustration]

Smyrnion Dioscorides.

[ D] To be dronken in wine it is good against the Sciatique, that is the disease of the hippes or hanche.

[ E] It stayeth the windinesse and blastings of the stomacke, taken as is before∣sayde.

[ F] It prouoketh sweat, and helpeth muche them that haue the Dropsie, and is good against the comming againe of suche feuers, as come by fittes.

Of Cheruill. Chap. l.

❀ The Description.

CHeruill leaues are of a light greene colour, tender, brittel, much iagged and cut, somewhat hearie, and of good sauour. The stalkes be rounde smal and holow, vpon the which grow rundels or spokie tuffetes with white flowers, and after them a long sharpe browne seede. The roote is white and small.

❀ The Place.

Cheruill is common in this Countrie, and is sowen in al gardens amongst wortes and potherbes.

❀ The Tyme.

The Cheruill that is sowen in March or Aprill flowreth bytimes, and de∣liuereth his seede in Iune and Iuly, but that whiche is sowen in August, aby∣deth the winter and flowreth not before April next folowing.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of Columella, Chaerophyllum, and Chaerephyllum: of y^e Apothecaries in our time Cerefolium: in Frenche, Cerfueill: in high Douch, Korffel∣krant, or Kerbelkraut: in base Almaigne, Keruel: in English, Cheruil, and Cheruel.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is hoate and drie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Cheruill eaten with other meates, is good for the stomacke, for it giueth a good taste to the meates, and stirreth vp meate lust.

[ B] This herbe boyled in wine, is good for them that haue the strangurie, if the wine be dronken, and the herbe be layde as an implayster, vpon the place of the bladder.

[ C] It is good for people that be dul, olde, and without courage, for it reioyceth and comforteth them, and increaseth theyr strength.

[illustration]

Cerefolium.

Of Gingidium, in Spanish Visnaga. Chap. li.

❀ The Description.

GIngidium, in leaues, flowers, knobby stalkes, and fashion, is lyke to the wilde Carrot, sauing that his leaues be tenderer, thic∣ker set, and cut into smaller thrommes, or iagged frenges, and the stalkes be slende∣rer and playner, and the whole herbe is neyther rough nor hearie as the wylde Carrot is, but playne and smothe and of a bitter taste. The flowers be white and growe vppon spokie toppes or tuftes lyke the wilde Carrot: after them commeth the seede, the which being ripe, the stems with their spokie tuftes become stiffe, and waxe strong and harde, lyke small staues or little stickes, and the spokes or little stickes of the tuft of this herbe, the Ita∣lians and Spaniardes doo vse as tooth∣pickes. For the whiche purpose it is mar∣uelous good and excellent. The roote is white and bitter.

[illustration]

Gingidium.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth of his owne kind in Spayne, and as Dioscorides sayth, in

Syria and Cilicia: it is not founde in this Countrie, but amongst certayne Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in this Countrie in August, and deliuereth his seede in September.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Gingidium: in Syria, Lepidion: and of some also, as witnesseth Dioscorides, especially of the Ro∣maynes, Bisacutum: therefore it is yet at this day called in Spayne, Visnaga: vnknowen in the Shoppes of Douchlande, Brabant, and this Countrie: it may be called Toothpicke Cheruill.

❀ The Nature.

Gingidium, as witnesseth Galen, is not so exceeeding hoate, but it is drie in the seconde degree.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Gingidium eaten rawe or boyled with other meates, is very good for the stomacke, as Dioscorides sayth, bycause it is drie and comfortable, as Plinie writeth.

[ B] The same boyled in wine and dronken, is good for the bladder, prouoketh vrine, and is good against the grauell and the stone.

[ C] The harde stemmes of the great rundels or spokie tuftes are good to clense the teeth, bycause they be harde, and do easily take away such filth & baggage, as sticke fast in the teeth, without hurting the iawes or gummes: and bysides this they leaue a good sent or tast to the mouth.

Of Shepheardes Needel or wilde Cheruil. Chap. lij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe doth not muche differ in the quantitie of his stalkes, leaues and flowers from Cher∣uill, but it hath no pleasant smell. The stalkes be round and harde. The leaues be like the leaues of Cheruil, but greater and more finely cut, & of a browne grene colour. The flowers whiche be white grow vpon crownes or tuftes, after the whiche come vp long seedes, muche like to smal packe Needelles. The roote is white, and as long as ones finger.

❀ The Place.

Ye may finde it in this Countrie in fat and fertill feeldes.

❀ The Time.

Shepheardes Needell flowreth in May and Iune, and in shorte space after it yeeldeth his seede.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Scandix, herba scauaria, Acus pastoris, or Acula, bycause his sede is like to a needel, in Frenche, Aguille de berger: in Spanishe, Quixones: in base Al∣maigne, Naeldenkeruel: in Englishe, Shepheardes Needel, wilde Cheruel, and Needel Cheruill.

[illustration]

Scandix.

¶ The Nature.

Scandix is hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Scandix eaten is good & wholesome for the stomacke and belly, & in times past hath bene a common herbe amongst the Greekes, but of smal estimation & value, & taken but onely for a wilde wurt or herbe. Aristophanes in times past by occasion of this herbe taunted Euripides, saying, that his mother was not a seller of wurtes or good potherbes, but onely of Scandix, as Plinie writeth.

[ B] The same boyled and dronken, openeth the stoppings of the liuer, kidneyes, and the bladder, and is good for all the inwarde partes, and bowels of man.

Of Myrrhis Casshes or Caxes. Chap. liij.

❀ The Description.

MYrrhis in leaues and stalkes is somwhat lyke Hemlocke: it hath great large leaues, very much cut and iagged, & diuided into many partes, hauing sometime white speckles or spottes. The stalkes be rounde (somewhat crested) and two or three foote long: at the top of the stalkes growe rundels, or spokie tuftes with white flowers, and after them commeth a long seede. The roote is long & rounde, not much differing in taste and sa∣uour from Carrot. The whole herbe, but especially the first leaues are beset with a soft downe or fine heare, and are in smell & sauour much lyke to Cheruil, and therfore it is called in base Almaigne wilde Keruel, that is to say, Wilde Cheruel.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth of his owne kind in some medowes of Douchlande: in this Countrie the Herboristes doo sowe it in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe bloweth in May, and his seede is rype in Iune.

[illustration]

Myrrhis.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and in Latine, Myrrhis, of some also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Myrrha: and of the writers at these dayes, Cicutaria, bycause it doth some∣what resemble Hemlocke, whiche is named in Latine, Cicuta: in Frenche, Cicu∣taire, or Persil d'asne: in high Douche, Wilder Korffel: in base Almaigne, Wilde Keruel: in Englishe, as Turner sayth, Casshes, or Caxes, bycause Spinsters vse the stemmes both of this herbe and Hemlocke, for quilles and Caxes, to winde yarne vpon, it may be called also wilde Cheruell, or mocke Cheruill.

❀ The Nature.

Myrrhis, especially the roote is hoate in the second degree, & of subtil partes.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Myrrhis dronken w^t wine prouoketh womēs flowers, deliuereth the secondine & dead child, & purgeth & clenseth women after their deliuerance.

[ B] The same taken in lyke fort prouoketh vrine, & is good against the bitinges of feelde Spiders, and suche lyke venemous beastes.

[ C] The same boyled in the broth of fleshe, doth clense the breast from fleme and other coruption, and is very good for suche as are leane and vnlustie, or falling into consumption.

[ D] They say also that it is good to be drōken in wine, in the time of Pestilence, and that suche as haue dronken three or foure times of the same wine, shall not be infected with the plague.

Of Asparagus. Chap. liiij.

❀ The Kindes.

There be two sortes of Asparagus, the garden and wilde Asparagus.

[illustration]

Asparagus. Sperage.

[illustration]

Corruda. Wilde Sperage.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe Asparagus of the gardē at his first comming foorth of the ground, putteth foorth long shutes or ten∣der stalkes, playne, rounde, without leaues, as bigge as ones finger, grosse, and thicke, hauing at the top a certayne bud or knop, the whiche after∣warde spreadeth abrode into many branches hanging lyke heares. The fruite groweth vpon the branches lyke round berries, first greene, and afterward of a yellowish red▪ euen of the colour of Coral, within that berrie is a blacke sede. The rootes be long and slender and interlaced or wouen one in another.

[ 2] The wilde Asparagus in his first springes and fruite, is muche lyke to the garden Sparagus, the rest is altogither rough and pricking, for in steede of the long soft heares, wherewithal the garden Asparagus is couered, this hath no∣thing els but thornes, very smal, hard, short, & prickley, wherwithal the brāches are furnished.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The manured or tame Asparagus groweth in Burgundie and some other Countries as in Almaigne, in stony places, where as is good earth, and fatte ground: in this Countrie it is planted in the gardens of Herboristes.

[ 2] The wilde kinde groweth in certayne places of Italy, and throughout all Languedoc.

The bare stalkes or first tender springes of Asparagus shute vp in Aprill, at what time they be boyled & eaten in salade, with oyle, salt, & vineger. The fruit is ripe in August.

❧ The Names.

[ 1] Garden Asparagus is called in greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Asparagus, & in shops Sparag: in high douch, Spargē: in base Almain Coraelcruyt: in english sperage.

[ 2] The wild Asparagus is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Asparagus syluestris, and Curruda: vnknowen in the shoppes of this Countrie.

¶ The Nature.

Asparagus, especially the rootes are temperate in heate and cold, taking part of a certaine drynesse.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] The first tender springs of Asparagus parboyled & eaten with oyle & vineger, prouoke vrine, and are good agaynst the strangurie, and they soften the belly.

[ B] The decoction or broth of Asparagus, by it selfe (or with Ciche Peason) dronken openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and kidneyes: and also it is good against the Iaundice, stopping of the water, strangury, and the grauel & stone.

[ C] Some say, that if it be taken in the same maner, it easeth and consumeth the Sciatica and payne of members out of ioynt.

[ D] The roote boyled in wine is good for thē y^t are bitten of any venemous beast.

Of Senuie or Mustarde. Chap. lv.

❀ The Kyndes.

There be two sortes of Senuie, the tame & the wilde, wherof also the tame or garden Senuie is of two sortes: the one with a great white seede, the other hauing a litle browne seede.

[illustration]

Sinapi hortense. Mustarde seede.

[illustration]

Sinapi syluestre. Wilde Mustarde seede.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe tame white Mustarde hath great rough leaues, at the first not much vnlike y^e leaues of Turnep, but after the first leaues there folowe other y^t are smaller & more iagged, growing vpon the stalkes whiche hearie &

three or foure foote long, & diuideth it self into many brāches alongest y^t which grow yellowish flowers, & after them long hearie huskes or coddes, wherin is the sede which is round & pale, greater then Rape sede, in taste sharpe & hoate.

[ 2] The seconde kinde of tame Mustarde with the browne seede, whiche is the blacke Mustarde & common Senuy, is like to the aforesayd in leaues, sralkes and growing. The flowers be yellow. The sede is browne, smaller then Rape seede, and in taste also sharpe and hoate.

[ 3] The wilde kind hath great large leaues, very much iagged and rough with stalkes like the other, but it groweth not so high. The flowers be of a pale yel∣low, fashioned like a crosse, after which commeth the seede which is reddish, en∣closed in long round huskes.

❀ The Place.

[ 1.2] Mustarde or Senuie is so wen in gardens and feeldes.

[ 3] The wilde kind groweth of his owne nature, in stonie places, and waterie groundes, and alongst the high wayes.

❀ The Tyme.

The Mustarde and Charlock do flower in Iune and Iuly, and during the same time, they yeelde their seede.

❧ The Names.

Mustarde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Sinapi, in shoppes Sinapis and Sinapium: in high Douche, Seuff: in base Almaigne, Mostaert: in English, Senuie and Mustarde.

[ 1] The first kind is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Sinapi hortēse: & in y^e shops of this Coun∣trie Eruca: in Frenche, Blanche Moustarde: in high Douche, Weisser Seuff: in base Almaigne, Wit Mostaert: in English, White Senuie, & white Mustarde sede.

[ 2] The seconde is also counted for a kind of Mustarde, and of the later writers is called Sinapi commune: in Frenche, Seneue de iardin, ou Moustarde noire▪ in hygh Douch, Zamer Seuff: in base Almaigne, Chemeyne Mostaert: in Englishe, the common Senuie or Mustarde.

[ 3] The wilde kinde is called of the later writers 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: Sinapi syluestre in French, Sanele: in high Douch, Wilder Seuff: in base Almaigne, Wilden Mo∣staert.

¶ The Nature.

The Mustarde, especially the seede which men cal Senuie, is hoate and dry, almost in the fourth degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Senuie bruysed or ground with vineger is a wholesome sawce meete to be eaten with harde & grosse meates, either flesh or fishe: for it helpeth their dige∣stiō, and is good for the stomacke to warme the same, and prouoketh appetite.

[ B] It is good to be giuen in meates, to such as be short winded, & are stopped in the breast: for it ripeth and causeth to cast foorth tough fleme, that troubleth or loadeth the stomacke and breast.

[ C] Mustarde seede chewed in the mouth draweth downe thinne fleme from the head and brayne: appeaseth toothache: it hath the same vertue, if it be min∣gled with Meade, and holden in the mouth, and gargled.

[ D] They vse to make a good gargarisme with hony vineger & Mustarde seede, against the tumours and swelling of the vuula and the Almondes about the throte, and roote of the tongue.

[ E] For the same intent, especially when suche tumours are become harde and waxen old, they make a necessarie and profitable gargarisme with the iuyce of Mustarde seede & Meade, for it slaketh, wasteth, or consumeth such swellings and hardnesse of the Almondes and throte.

[ F] Senuie dronken with Hydromel or honyed water, is good agaynst the ter∣rour and shaking of agues, prouoketh the flowers and vrine.

[ G] The same sede snift vp into the nosethrilles, causeth one to sneese; helpeth thē that haue the falling sicknesse, and women that haue the strangling of the mo∣ther,

to waken them vp agayne.

[ H] The same pound with figges, & layd to in manner of a playster, taketh away the homming noyse & ringing of the eares or head, & is good against deafnesse.

[ I] The iuyce of the same dryed in the Sonne, and afterwarde delayed with ho∣ny cleareth the sight, and taketh away roughnesse of the eye browes.

[ K] They make an emplayster with the same & figges, very good for to be layd vpon the heades of suche as are fallen into the Lethargie or drowsie euill, and cannot waken them selues: it is likewise good against the Sciatica or payne of the hanche, the hardnesse of the splene or melte: and against the Dropsie, to be layde as an emplayster to the bellyes of suche as are greeued therewithall. To be short this emplayster is of great force agaynst all colde greefes and diseases, especially when they are waxen old, for it doth warme and bring heate agayne into the diseased partes, it digesteth colde humours and draweth them foorth.

[ L] Senuie mingled with hony and newe grease, or with a Cerote made of waxe, cureth the noughtie scurffe or scales in the head whiche cause the heare to fall of, it scoureth the face from all freckles and spottes, and taketh away the blewe markes that come of brusing.

[ M] If it be layde to with vineger, it is good for Lepres, wilde scabbes and run∣ning scurffe, and is good agaynst the bitinges of Serpentes.

[ N] The parfume or sauor therof driueth away al venom, & venemous beastes.

Of Rapistrum, or Charlock. Chap. lvi.

❀ The Description.

CHarlock hath great rough brode leaues, lyke the leaues of Tur∣nep, the stalkes be rough & slen∣der most commonly of a foote long, with many yellow flowers, coddes and seede like y^e Turnep, but hoate or biting sharpe lyke to Mustarde seede. The roote is small and single.

❀ The Place.

Charlocke groweth in all places a∣longst the wayes, about old walles and ruynous places and oftentimes in the feeldes, especially there, where as Tur∣neppes and Nauewes haue ben sowen, so that it shoulde seeme to be a corrupt & euill weede, or enimie to the Nauew.

❀ The Time.

Charlocke flowreth from Marche or April vntill midsomer, and the seede also rypeth from time to tyme in the meane space.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the later wri∣ters Rapistrum, and of some also Synapi syluestre: in Frenche, Velar, or Tortelle: in high Douche, Hederich: in base Al∣maigne Hericke: in Englishe, Charlock.

[illustration]

Rapistrum. Charlock.

❀ The Nature.

Charlock, and specially the seede is hoate and drie in the thirde degree, and of temperament lyke Senuie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe of the later Physitions, is not vsed in medicine, but some with

this seede do make Mustarde, as with Senuie, the whiche they eate with meate in steede of Mustarde: whereby it is euident that the seede of this herbe doth not much differ from Senuie in vertue and operation, and that it may be taken in steede thereof, although it be not al thing so good, and therfore it was reckoned of Theophrast and Galen amongst those seedes, wherewithall men vsed commonly to prepare and dresse their meates.

Of Rockat. Chap. lvij.

❀ The Kindes.

OF this herbe be found two kindes, the one tame which is the common Roc∣kat most vsed, the other is wilde.

[illustration]

Eruca. Rockat.

[illustration]

Eruca syluestris Wild Rockat.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe tame Rockat hath leaues of a browne greene colour, very much and deepely iagged or rather torne vpō both sides, of a hoate biting taste, the stalkes be a foote lōg or somwhat more: vpon which grow many yellowe flowers, and after them little coddes, in whiche the seede is contayned. The roote is long with hearie stringes, and doth not light∣ly dye in winter, but putteth foorth newe stemmes euery yere.

[ 2] The wylde kinde is muche lyke to the garden Rockat, sauing that it is alto∣ther smaller, especially the leaues and flowers, whiche be also yellower, and do bring foorth small coddes.

[ 3] Bysides these two kindes, a man shall fynde in the gardens of this Coun∣trie another kynde of Rockat, called Rockat gentle, or Romayne Rockat, in leaues and flowers much lyke to the wilde Mustarde, wherof we haue before spoken, sauing that his leaues be not so rough nor hearie, and are more conue∣nient to be beaten.

¶ The Place.

[ 1] The garden Rockat is planted in gardens, and is also found in this Coun∣trie in certayne rude vntoyled and stonie places, and vpon olde broken walles.

[ 2] The wild Rockat is found also in stony places about high wayes & pathes.

❀ The Tyme.

Rockat flowreth cheefely in Iune and Iuly.

¶ The Names.

Rockat is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Eruca: in Frenche, Roquette: in Douche, Roket: in base Almaigne, Rakette.

[ 2.3.] The first and also the third kind is called Eruca satiua, & hortensis in French, Roquette domestique or cultiueé in base Almaigne, Roomsche Rakette: in English, Garden or tame Rockat, and Rockat gentil.

[ 2] The wilde is called Eruca syluestris, that is to say, wilde Rockat: in base Al∣maigne, wilde Rakette.

❀ The Nature.

Rockat is hoate and drie in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Rockat is a good Salade herbe to be eaten with Letuce, Purcelayne, and other like colde herbes, for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the sto∣macke, & causeth that such colde herbes do not hurt the stomacke: but if Rockat be eaten alone, it causeth headache, and heateth to much, therfore it must neuer be eaten alone, but alwayes with Letuce or Purcelayne.

[ B] The vse therof stirreth vp bodyly pleasure, especially of the seede, also it pro∣uoketh vrine, and helpeth the digestion of the meates.

[ C] The seede thereof is good against the poyson of the Scorpion, & Shrowe and suche like venemous beastes.

[ D] The seede layd to with hony, taketh away freckles, lentils, & other faultes of the face, also it taketh away blacke and blewe spottes and scarres, layde to with the gawle of an Oxe.

[ E] Men say, that who so taketh the seede of Rockat before he be beaten or whipt, shalbe so hardened, that he shall easily endure the payne, according as Plinie writeth.

[ F] The roote boyled in water, draweth foorth shardes and splinters of broken bones being layde therevpon.

Of Tarragon or biting Dragon. Chap. lviij.

❀ The Description.

TArragon hath long, narrow, darke, grene leaues, in taste very sharpe, and burning or biting the tongue almost like Rockat, not muche vn∣lyke the leaues of common Hysope, but muche longer, and somewhat larger. The stalkes be rounde of two foote hygh, parted into many branches, vpon whiche growe many small knoppes or litle buttons, the which at their opening shewe many small flowers, as yellowe as golde intermingled with blacke. They being past commeth the seede. The roote is long and small, very threddy creeping alongst the grounde hither and thither, & putteth foorth yerely here and there newe stalkes and springes. Ruellius in his second booke Chap. xcvj. saith, that this herbe cōmeth of Lineseede put into a Radish roote, or within the scale of the sea Onyon, called Scylla in Latine, and so set into the grounde and planted, and therefore he saith, it hath part of both their natures, for it draweth partly towardes vineger, and partly towardes salt, as may be iudged by the taste.

❀ The Place.

Tarragon is planted in gardens, but yet it is not very common.

❀ The Tyme.

Tarragon abideth greene, from the moneth of Marche, almost to winter, but it flowreth in Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This herbe hath not bene written of by any learned man before Ruellius tyme, neyther is it yet wel knowen, but in some places of Englande, France, and certayne Townes of this Countrie, as Anwarpe, Bruxelles, Malines, &c. where as it was first brought out of France. And therfore it hath none other name, but that whiche was geuen first by the Frenchemen, who called it Targon, and Dragon: and according to the same it is called in Latine, Draco: and of some Dracunculus hortensis: that is the litle Dragon of the garden: it is al∣so called in Englishe, Tarragon, whiche shoulde seeme to be borowed from the Frenche, neuerthelesse it was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing.

[illustration]

Draco.

❀ The Nature.

All this herbe is hoate and burning in the mouth and vpon the tongue, whereby it is certayne that it is hoate and dry in the thirde degree, and in temperature muche lyke to Rockat.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe is also good to be eaten in Salade with Letuce, as Rockat, for it correcteth the coldenesse of Letuce and suche lyke colde herbes. Moreouer where this herbe is put into the Salade, there needeth not much vineger nor salt, for as Ruelius writeth, it is sharpe and salt ynough of it selfe.

Of Cresses. Chap. lix.

❀ The Description.

GArden Cresses haue small narrowe iagged leaues, of a sharpe burnyng taste: the stalkes be rounde of a foote long, and bring foorth many small white flowers, and after them little rounde flat huskes, within which the seede is contayned of abrowne reddish colour.

¶ The Place.

Cresses are commonly sowen in all gardens of this Countrie.

❀ The Tyme.

Cresses that are timely sowen, bring foorth their seede bytime, but that whiche is later sowen, bringeth foorth flowers and seeede more lately.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Nasturtium of some later writers Cressio: in Frenche, Cresson alnoys, or Nasitort: in high Douche, Kresz and Garten Kresz: in base Almaigne, Kersse: in English, Cresses, Towne Kars, or Towne Cresses.

❀ The Nature.

Cresses are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree, especially the seede, and the herbe when it is drie: for being but yet greene they do not heate nor dry so vehemently, but that they may be eaten with bread, as Galen saith.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Cresses eaten in Salade with Letuce, is of vertue like to Rockat, & good amōgst cold herbes, for eaten alone it ouerturneth the stomacke, and hurteth the same, bycause of his great heate and sharpenesse.

[ B] The seede looseth the belly, and killeth, and dri∣ueth foorth wormes, it diminisheth the melte, pro∣uoketh the flowers, and putteth foorth the secon∣dine and the dead childe.

[ C] It is good against Serpentes and venemous beastes, and the parfume of the same causeth them them auoyde.

[ D] The same taken with the broth of a pullet or chicken, or any other lyke moyst meates, doth ripe and bring foorth tough fleme, wherewithall the breast is combred or charged.

[ E] The same laide to with hony, cureth the hard∣nesse of the melte, scoureth away scuruinesse, and fowle spreading scabbes, dissolueth colde swel∣linges, and keepeth the heare from falling of.

[illustration]

Nasturtium.

[ F] Being layd to with hony & vineger, it is good against the Sciatica, & payne in the hippes, and the head ache that is olde, and against all olde colde diseases.

[ G] To conclude the seede of Cresses is in vertue very lyke Senuie, as Galen writeth.

Of water Cresses. Chap. lx.

¶ The Kindes.

Water Cresses are of two sortes, great and small.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] The great water Cresse hath rounde holowe stalkes of a foote and a halfe long, with lōg leaues made of diuers other litle roundish leaues standing togither vpon one stemme. The flowers be small and white, growing at the toppe of the branches alongst the stemmes, after whiche folow smal coddes or huskes, within which is the seede, which is small and yellowe. The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes.

[ 2] The lesser water Cresse, at the first hath rounde leaues, then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long, vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides, almost like the leaues of Rockat. The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes, of colour somewhat white, or of a light Carnation, after whiche come smal huskes, wherein the seede lyeth.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The greater watercresse groweth in diches, standing waters, and foun∣taynes or springes.

[ 2] The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are

[illustration]

Sium. Nasturtium aquaticum. Great Watercresse.

[illustration]

Sisymbrium alterum cardamine. Small watercresse.

ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season, also in standing waters and diches.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August.

[ 2] The lesser flowreth in May, and almost vntil the ende of sommer.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in high Douche, Braun Kersz: in base Almaigne, waterkersse: in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum: and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention, in English, Water Kars, and Water Cresse.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Sisymbrium alterum cardamine: of some also Sium: in Frenche, Passerage sauuage, or Petit Cresson aquatique: in high Douch, Gauchblum, wilder Kresz, and Wisen Kresz: in base Almaigne, Coeckoecxbloemen, and Cleyn Waterkersse: of the Herboristes, Flos cuculi, of some Nasturtium aquaticum: in Englishe, the lesser Watercresse, and Coccow flowers. This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it.

❀ The Nature.

These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade, either by it selfe or with other herbes, for it causeth one to make water, it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone, and is good for suche as haue the strangurie, and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder.

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[ B] The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes, if it be laid therto in the euening & taken away in the morning.

[ C] The wilde Passerage boyled in lye, driueth away lyce, if the head or place where they be, are washed therwithall.

[ D] The kine feeding where, as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe, giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter.

Of winter Cresses. Chap. lxi.

❀ The Description.

THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues, broade, smooth, and some∣what round, not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage, or garden Rape, but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues. The stalkes be rounde & full of bran∣ches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers, and after them long rounde coddes, wherin is enclosed a litle seede. The roote is thicke and long.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in the feeldeg, & som∣time also in gardens of potherbes, & places not toyled or husbanded.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter, but it flowreth & seedeth in May and Iune.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Douche S. Bar∣barakraut: and according to the same in La∣tine, Sanctae Barbarę herba: we haue named it Barbaraea: the Frenchmen, Herbe de S. Barbe: in some places of Brabant they call it Steen∣cruyt, bycause it is good against the stone and grauel: in Holland and other places Winter∣kersse, bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades, in steede of Cresses, & therefore it is called Nasturtium, or Cardamum hybernum. This seemeth to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pseudobunium of Dioscorides: for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia, or Scopa regia, as some do take it: Herbe Sainbarbe

[illustration]

Pseudobunium. Barbaraea.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade, and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses, for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat.

[ B] It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers, and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast, being either layde thereto, or the iuyce thereof dropped in.

[ C] Also it is certaynely proued by experience, that the seede of this herbe cau∣seth one to make water, driueth forth grauel, and cureth the strangurie, which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium.

Of Thlaspi. Chap. lxij.

¶ The Kyndes.

THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse, or Thlaspi, the which are not muche vnlyke one another, nor vnlyke cresse in taste.

[illustration]

Thlaspi. The first kinde of Thlaspi.

[illustration]

Thlaspi alterum. The seconde kinde of Thlaspi, or treacle Mustarde.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues. The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough, of a foote and a halfe long, vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers, and afterward flat huskes and round, with a certayne clouen brim, or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske, which chappe or clift, causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man, within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde, eger, and burning the mouth, and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons, and is of a brownish colour.

[ 2] The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large, longer and broader then the first, & iagged or cut about the edges. The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches, vpon which grow smal huskes, almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche, within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the afore∣said and hath more smal slender branches, vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other, but altogither smaller.

[ 4] The fourth kinde hath long, small, rough, white greene leaues, the stalkes be of a wooddy substance, round and tough or pliant, vpō the same grow smal

white flowers, the whiche past, it brin∣geth foorth broade huskes or seede ves∣sels, hauing a brownishe kinde of seede, very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis.

¶ The Place.

These herbes do grow in feeldes, and all alongst the same, in vntoyled places about wayes, & there is store growing togither, the one kinde in one place, and the other in another.

❀ The Tyme.

These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Thlaspi, Capsella, and Scandulaceum, of some also Myitis, Bytron, Dasmophon, Myopteron: in high Douche, Wilder Cresz: in Frenche, Seneue sauuage: in base Almaigne, Wilde Kersse: it may be also called in Englishe, Thlaspi.

[ 1] The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides: and is called in base Al∣maigne, Visselcruyt: and of some in La∣tine, Scordothlaspi: that is to say, Gar∣likethlaspi.

[illustration]

Thlaspi minus. Besom grasse.

[ 2] The second kind is called of the later writers, Nasturtium rusticum, & Sinapi rusticum: in high Douche, Baurn seuff, or Baurn Kresz, & the neather Douch∣men in folowing the same call it, Boeren mostaert, or Boeren kersse, that is to say, Seneui, or Carles Cresse: or Churles Cresse: Turner calleth Thlaspi, trea∣cle mustarde, Bowers mustarde, or dishe mustarde: but I thinke it best next to Thlaspi, whiche is the Greeke name to call it Churles mustarde, both bycause of the strong and violent nature of this noughtie plant, as also in respect of the Boures, who began to be more mischieuous to the state of their Country, then this herbe is to mans nature.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called Thlaspi angustifolium, & Thlaspi minus: in high Douche, Bysemkraut: in base Almaigne Bessemcruyt: that is to say, Bessem weede, or y^e herbe seruing for Bysoms. Turner calleth this Iberis Dioscoridis.

[ 4] The fourth without all doubt is a kind of Thlaspi, but it hath no other par∣ticuler name.

❀ The Nature.

Thlaspi, especially the seede thereof, is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree.

❀ The Vertues.

The seede of the first Thlaspi eaten, purgeth choler, both vpward & downe∣warde, it prouoketh womens flowers, and breaketh inwarde impostumes.

[ A] The same as a Clyster powred in at the fundement, helpeth the Sciatica. And it is good for the same purpose to be layde vppon the greeued place, lyke Mustarde seede.

❀ The Danger.

[ B] Seing the seede of Thlaspi is very hoate, and of a strong or vehement wor∣king, insomuche that being taken in to great a quantitie, it purgeth or scoureth euen vnto blood, and is very hurtful to women with child, therfore it may not rashly be giuen or minished inwardly.

Of Candy Thlaspi. Chap. lxiij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe groweth with narrow leaues, to the length of a foote, al∣most lyke to the leaues of Iberis. The flowers grow at the top of the plant in rounde tuftes lyke the flower of Elder, of a white or light Carnation colour: after them come flat huskes fashioned lyke the huskes of of the other Thlaspi, but muche smaller, within the whiche is contayned a seede of a sharpe biting taste, lyke the seede of the other Thlaspi.

❀ The Place.

This herbe is not found in this Coun∣trie, but in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes.

❀ The Time.

It flowreth in Maye, and shortly after the seed is ripe.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Arabis & Draba: of Plinie as some men holde, Dryophonon: of y^e Herboristes at these dayes, Thlaspi de Candie, vn∣knowen in shoppes.

[illustration]

Arabis siue Draba.

❧ The Nature.

Candie Thlaspi is in complexion lyke to the other Thlaspies.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] They vse to eate the dryed sede of this herbe with meates in steede of Pepper, in the Countrie of Capadocia, as Dioscori∣des writeth.

Of Erysimon Dioscorides. Chap. lxiiij.

❀ The Description.

ERysimon hath lōg leaues deepe∣ly rent, & iagged vpō both sides, not muche vnlyke the leaues of of Rockat gentle or Romayne Rockat, or wilde Mustarde. The stalkes be smal, slender, and plyant, and wil twist and winde lyke Ozier withie, vppon the same stalkes or branches grow many yel∣low flowers, & after thē come litle slender huskes, wherin also is a seede of a sharpe bitingt aste: the roote is long and thicke, with many smal strings or hearie threds.

[illustration]

Erysimon Dioscorides. Iiro.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in all places of

this Countrie alongst the wayes, and in vntoyled stonie places.

❀ The Time.

Erysimon flowreth very plentifully in this Countrie, in the moneth of Iune and Iuly.

¶ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Irio: of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: Chamaeplion. This is the Erysimum of Dioscorides, and not of Theophrastus, for the Erysimum of Theophrastus, is not all one with that of Dioscorides, as we haue sufficiently declared elswhere. Cooper Englisheth Irio: by the name of winter Cresses.

❀ The Nature.

Erysimon is hoate and drie lyke Cresses.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede of Erysimon taken with honie in manner of a Lohoc, and often licked, ripeth and causeth to spet out the tough and clammie fleme gathered within the breast & lunges: likewise it is good against the shortnesse of breath, and the olde cough: it shalbe the more conuenient for the same purpose, if you stiepe the seede first in faire water, and then drie it by the fire, or els lappe it in paste and bake it, for els it wilbe to hoate.

[ B] The same seede so prepared and put into the medicines, is good agaynst the Iaunders, and gripinges of the belly, against the Sciatica, and against all ve∣nome and poyson.

[ C] The seede of Erysimon mingled with hony and water auayleth much to be layd vnto hidden Cankers, harde swellinges, impostumes behinde the eares, the olde and harde impostumes of the breastes, and genitours: for it wasteth and consumeth cold swellinges.

Of Iberis. Chap. lxv.

❀ The Description.

IBeris hath round stalkes of a cubite long, full of bran∣ches: the small leaues be narrowe, yet a litle greater then the leaues of Cresses. The flowers be smal & white, after which there folowe small shelles or huskes wherin the seede is, the roote is som∣what thicke & white, in taste hoate & sharpe.

❀ The Place.

Iberis groweth in Italy and other hoate Countries, about olde walles and other vntoyled places. The Her∣boristes of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

Iberis flowreth and is in seede at Midsomer.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Iberis, Cardamantice, Le∣pidium, and of some Nasturtium syl∣uestre: in English, Iberis, and of Tur∣ner Sciatica Cresse.

[illustration]

Iberis. Sciatica Cresse.

¶ The Nature.

Iberis is very hoate and drie, of nature lyke to Cresses.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] The Auncient Physitions, especially Damocrates, say that the roote of I∣beris mengled with Swines grease, cureth the Sciatica gowt, if a man binde of this oyntmēt to his hanche huckle bone, or the aking place the space of soure houres, & the women two houres, but immediatly after the remouing of this oyntment, they must enter into a bathe. Reade Turner for the rest of this cure vnder the title Iberis.

Of Dittander Dittany / but rather Pepperwurt. Chap. lxvi.

❀ The Description.

DIttany whiche we may more right∣ly cal Pepperwurt, hath long brode leaues, not muche vnlyke the Baye tree leafe, but a great deale larger and longer, and a little natched or toothed a∣bout lyke a sawe. The stalkes and branches be round, vneasie or harde to be broken, and about two foote high: at the toppe whereof growe a number of small white flowers, and after them a small seede. The roote is long & single creeping vnder the earth, and putteth foorth yeerely in diuers places new springes and leaues.

❀ The Place.

Dittany is sowen in some gardens of this Countrie, and where as it hath ben once set, it abideth or continueth well, so that after∣warde it cannot be easily destroyed.

❀ The Tyme.

Dittany flowreth & is in Seede in Iune and Iuly.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called of the later writers in these dayes, in Latine, Piperitis, of some also Syl••estris Raphanus: in Frenche, Passerage: in high Almaigne, Pfefferkraut: in base Al∣maigne, Pepercruyt: This shoulde seeme to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Lepidium, of Paulus Aegineta, & of Plinie: yet for all that, this is not Lepi∣dium of Dioscorides, neither yet Plinies Piperitis, although it be of some men, sometimes so called: it is fondly and vnlearnedly named in Englishe, Dittany. It were better in folowing the Douchemen to call it Pepperwurt.

[illustration]

Piperitis.

¶ The Nature.

This herbe is hoate and drie in the thirde degree.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Some in these dayes vse this herbe with meates, in steede of Pepper, by∣cause it hath the nature and taste of Pepper, wherof it tooke y^e name Piperitis.

[ B] And bycause the roote of this herbe is very hoate and of complexion lyke to Mustarde or Rockat, it is therfore also very good agaynst the Sciatica, being applyed outwardly to the huckle bone or hanche, with some soft grease, as of the Goose or Capon.

Of water Pepper. Chap. lxvij.

❀ The Description.

WAter Pepper, hath plaine, roūd, smooth, or naked stalkes & bran∣ches, ful of ioyntes, y^e leaues be long & narrow, not much vnlyke the leaues of withy, of a hoate burning taste, lyke Pepper, at the top of y^e stalkes amongst the leaues growe the flowers vpon short stems, clustering or growyng thicke togither, almost lyke the flowers of Blite, smal and white, the whiche past there commeth a broade seede somewhat browne, which biteth the tongue, y^e roote is hearie.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in all this Coun∣trie in pooles & diches, standing waters and moyst places.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth most commonly in Iuly & August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Latine Hydropiper, & Piper aquati∣cū in French, Poyure aquatique, or Couraige: in high Douch, Waster Pfeffer, or Muc∣kenkraut: in base Almaigne, Water Pe∣per: in English, Water pepper, or Water-pepperwurt, and of some Curagie.

❀ The Nature.

Water Pepper is hoate and drie in the third degre.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues & seede of water Pepper or Curaige, doth wast & consume colde swel∣linges and old hardnes, also it dissolueth & scattereth congeled or clotted blood y^t com∣meth of stripes & bruses, being laid therto.

[ B] The dried leaues be made into powder, to be vsed with meate in steede of Pepper, as our Dyttanie, or Passerage is vsed.

Of Arsesmart. Chap. lxviij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe is lyke to water Pep∣per, in leaues, stalkes, & clustering flowers, but it is neither hoat nor sharpe, but most cōmonly without any manifest taste. The stalkes be round & haue many knobby ioyntes lyke knees. The leaues be long and narrowe lyke the leaues of water Pepper, but browner, with blackish spottes in the middle, which are not found in the leaues of water Pep∣per. The flowers be of a carnation or light

[illustration]

Hydropiper.

[illustration]

Persicaria.

red colour clustering togither in knops, after whiche commeth abrode browne seede. The roote is yellowe and hearie.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth also in moyst marrishe places, and alongst the water plasshettes, and is oftentimes founde growing neare to the water Pepper.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iuly and August, and shortly after it is in seede.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the latter writers in Latine, Persicaria: in Frenche, Persicaire, of some Curaige in high Douch, Persichkraut, or Flochkraut: in base Almaigne, Persickcruyt, and of some Vloocruyt: in Englishe, Arsse-smart, or Ciderage.

❀ The Nature.

Arsesmart is colde and dry of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The greene Arsesmart pound, is good to be laid to greene or fresh woundes, for it doth coole and comfort them, and keepeth them both from inflammation and apostumation, and so doth the iuyce of the leaues dropped in.

Of Indian Pepper. Chap. lxix.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be three sortes of this Pepper, the one with huskes of a meane lēgth and greatnesse, the others huskes be long and narrow, and the third hath short brode huskes in al things els not much vnlyke one another, in figure and manner of growing.

[illustration]

Capsiacum. Indian Pepper.

[illustration]

Capsiacum oblongius. Long Indian Pepper.

❀ The Description.

THe Indian Pepper hath square stalkes somewhat browne of a foote high, vpon whiche growe brownish leaues, smooth & ten∣der, almost lyke to the leaues of common Morrel or Nightshade, but narrower & sharper poynted. Amongst the leaues growe flowers, vpō short stemmes, with fiue or sixe smal leaues, of colour white, with a greene starre in the middle. After the flowers come smooth and playne huskes, whiche before they be rype are of a greene colour, and afterwarde red and purple. The huskes of the first kinde are of a finger length. The huskes of the se∣cond kind be lōger & narrower. They of the third kind are large, short and round. In the sayde huskes is founde the seede or graines, of a pale yellow color, brode, hoate, and of a biting taste lyke Pepper.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this Countrie, but some Herbo∣ristes doo set and maintayne it in their gardens, with great care and diligence.

❀ The Tyme.

The seede of this Pepper is ripe in this Countrie in Septēber & before winter.

[illustration]

Capsicum latum. Large Pepper of Indie.

¶ The Names.

This strange herbe is called of Actuarius in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Capsicum: of Auicen, Zingiber caninū: of Plinie after the opinion of some men, Siliquastrum, and Piperitis: of such as write in these dayes, Piper Indianum Pi∣per Calecuthium, and Piper Hispanum: in high Douche, Indianischer Pfeffer, Calecutischer Pfeffer: in Frenche, Poyure d'Inde, or d' Espaigne: in base Almaigne, Peper van Indien, and Bresilie Peper: in Englishe, Indian Pepper, or Cale∣cute Pepper.

❀ The Nature.

The Indian Pepper is hoate and drie in thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Indian Pepper is vsed in diuers places for the dressing of meates, for it hath the same vertue and taste as the vsual Pepper hath: furthermore it coloureth lyke Saffron, and being taken in such sorte, it warmeth the stomacke, and hel∣peth greatly the digestion of meates.

[ B] The same doth also dissolue and consume the swelling about the throte cal∣led the kinges euyll, all kernelles, and al colde swellinges, and taketh away al spottes and Lentiles of the face, being layed therevnto with hony.

❀ The Danger.

It is dangerous to be often vsed or in to great a quantitie: for this Pepper hath in it a certayne hidden euyll qualitie, whereby it killeth Dogges, if it be giuen them to eate.

Of Pepper. Chap. lxx.

❀ The Kindes.

THe old and ancient Physitions do describe and set foorth there kindes of Pepper, that is to say, the long, the white, and the klacke Pepper, y^e which a man shal euen in these dayes find to be sold in the shops of the Apotheca∣ries and Grossers.

❀ The Description.

AS touching the proportion & figure of the tree or plante that beareth Pepper, we haue nothing els to write, sauing that we haue found de∣scribed of the Auncientes, and such as haue trauayled into India, and the Countries about Calecute: and bycause this is a strange kynde of of fruite, not growing amongst vs, we wyll write no more thereof, but as we haue gathered frō the writinges of the Ancientes, & others, which lately haue trauayled into those Countries, who notwithstanding be not yet all of one mind or opinion: for Plinie writeth that the tree which beareth Pepper is like to our Iuniper: Philostratus saith, the Pepper tree with his fruite, is lyke to Agnus castus. Dioscorides with certayne others do write, y^e Pepper groweth in India vpon a litle or smal tree. And that the long Pepper (the which is lyke to the knoppes or agglettes that hang in the Birche or Hasell trees before the comming foorth of the leaues) is as it were the first fruit which cōmeth foorth immediatly after the flowers, the which also in processe of time do waxe long, great and white bringing foorth many berries hanging togither, vpō one and the selfe same stem. The which berries being yet vnripe, are the white Pepper. and being ripe & blacke is our common blacke Pepper. Suche as trauel to the Indians, Calecute, & the Countries there aboutes do say, that Pepper grow∣eth not vpon trees, but vpon a plante lyke Iuie or Bindweede, the which doth twist and wrap it selfe about trees and hedges, bringing foorth long weake stemmes, where vpon hang the Pepper cornes or berries, euen like the Ribes, or beyondsea Gooseberries, as ye may see in this Countrie: for Pepper is brought frō the Indians to Anwarpe preserued in comsiture with the stems, and foote stalkes hanging in it. The greene and vnripe berries, remayne white, and it is that we call white Pepper, but when they be through ripe they waxe blacke, & full of shriueled wrinckles, and that is our common blacke Pepper. The same aucthours or later trauaylers do affirme, that long Pepper is not the fruite of this plante, but that it groweth vppon other trees, lyke the thinges that you see hanging lyke Cattes tayles, or Agglettes, vpon the Nut trees and Birche trees in the winter, the which fruit they cal long Pepper, by∣cause in taste and working it is like Pepper.

¶ The Place.

Pepper groweth in the Iles of the Indian seas, as Taprobane Sumatra, and certayne other Ilandes adioyning, from which Ilandes it is brought to Cale∣cute, the which is the most famous and cheefest citie, as also the greatest marte towne of the Indians: and there it is solde not by waight, but by measures as they sel corne in this Countrie.

❀ The Names.

Pepper is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: Latine, Piper in high Douche, Pfeffer: in base Almaigne, Peper: and in English, Pepper.

[ 1] Long Pepper is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Piper longum: in Shoppes, Macropiper.

[ 2] The white Pepper is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Piper album: in Shoppes, Leucopiper.

[ 3] The blacke Pepper is called in Greke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Piper nigrum: in Shoppes, Melanopiper.

❀ The Nature.

Pepper is hoate and drie in the thirde degree, especially the white and the

blacke, for the long Pepper is not so drie, bycause it is partaker of a certayne moysture.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] It is put into sauces to giue a good smacke & taste vnto meates, to prouoke appetite, and helpe digestion.

[ B] It prouoketh vrine, driueth forth windinesse, and paynes in the belly, to be ken with the tender leaues of Bay or Commin: it is also very good agaynst poyson, and the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes, and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiue medicines.

[ C] The same dronken before the cōming of the fit of the Ague, or layde to & an∣nointed outwardly with oyle, is good against y^e shakings & brusings of agues.

The same licked in with hony, is good agaynst the cough comming of a cold cause, and against all the colde infirmities of the breast and lunges.

[ D] The same chewed with Raysons, draweth downe from the head thinne fleme, and purgeth the brayne.

[ E] Layd to with hony it is good against the Squinancie, for it consumeth and wasteth the swellinges and tumours.

[ F] The same with Pitche dissolueth the kinges euill and kernels, and wennes or harde colde swellinges, and draweth foorth shardes and splinters.

[ G] Pepper, but especially long Pepper, is good to be mingled with eye medi∣cines or Collyries made to cleare and strengthen the sight.

Of Garlike. Chap. lxxi.

¶ The Kyndes.

THere be three sortes of Garlike, that is the common or garden Garlike, wilde Garlike, and Ramsons.

[illustration]

Allium satiuum. Garden Garlike.

[illustration]

Allium syluestre. Crow Garlike.

[illustration]

Allium vrsinum. Ramsons.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] GArden Garlike hath leaues lyke grasse, or Leekes, a∣mongst which (the yere after the sowing) come vp rounde holowe stems, whiche beare flowers and seede lyke to to the Onyon. The roote is rounde swel∣ling out lyke the Onyon, heaped vp with many cloues or kernelles ioyned togither, vnder whiche hangeth a bearde or tassell of many small hearie stringes.

[ 2] The wylde Garlyke hath no leaues, but in steede thereof it hath long, rounde, small, holowe, pyped blades, amongst whiche springeth vp a round hard stemme of two or three foote long, vppon whiche grow the flowers and seede. The roote is also round Bulbus fashion, without cloues or kernelles growing in it, yet sometimes it hath ioyned therevnto newe heades or or rootes, from which spring new plants.

Of this sorte is founde another kynde whiche is smaller, in all thinges els like the other, aswell in leaues, or blades, stemmes, and seede, as also in rootes, the whiche doo growe most commonly in me∣dowes.

[illustration]

Allium vrsinum. Ramsons.

[ 3] The thirde kinde of garlike (called Ramsons) hath most commonly two drode blades or large leaues, almost like the leaues of Liricumphancy, or May Lyllies: betwixt whiche commeth vp a stemme or twayne, bearing many smal white flowers. The roote is lyke to a young Garlyke head, of a very ranke sa∣uour and taste.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] Garden Garlike is planted in gardens.

[ 2] The wilde Garlyke groweth by it selfe in feeldes, and hedges, and me∣dowes, especially the smaller sort, for the bigger keepeth the feeldes & pastures most commonly.

[ 3] Ramsons growe in moyst darke places.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 2] The wilde Garlyke flowreth and is in seede in Iune and Iuly.

[ 3] Ramsons flowreth in Aprill and May.

❀ The Names.

Garlyke is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Allium: in hygh Douche, Knobloch, or Knoblouch: in base Almaigne. Loock.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Allium satiuum: in Englishe, Garden Garlyke, and poore mens treacle: in Frenche, Ail de iardin: in Douche, Tam Loock, or Loock.

[ 2] The seconde kind is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Allium angui∣num, & Allium syluestre: in French, Ail sauuage in high Douche, Wilder Knob∣loch, or feld Knobloch: in base Almaigne, Wilt Loock: in English, Crow Gar∣like, and wilde Garlike.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called of the later writers in Latine, Allium vrsinum: in Frenche, Ail d'ours: in high Douch, Waldt knoblauch: in base Almaigne, Das Loock: in English, Ramsons, Buckrammes, & Beares Garlike. This shoulde seeme to be that Garlyke, whiche Dioscorides calleth Scorodoprassum, or as some others thinke Ampeloprasum.

❀ The Nature.

Garlyke is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Garlyke eaten rawe, and fasting nourisheth not, but contrariewise it ingen∣dreth euill blood, bycause of his exceeding heate: Neuerthelesse being boyled vntil it hath lost his sharpnesse, it engendreth not so euil blood, and although it nourisheth but litle, yet it nourisheth more then when it is eaten rawe.

[ B] It is good for suche people as are full of grosse, rawe, and tough humours, for it wasteth and consumeth colde humours.

[ C] It dispatcheth windinesse, openeth al stoppinges, killeth and driueth foorth brode wormes, and prouoketh vrine.

[ D] It is good against all venome & poyson, taken in meates or boyled in wine and dronken, for of his owne nature it withstandeth al poyson: in so much that it driueth away all venemous beastes, from the place where it is. Therefore Galen prince of Physitions, called it poore mens Treacle.

[ E] It is layde with great profite to the bitinges of mad Dogges, and vpon the bitinges & stinginges of venemous beastes, as Spiders, Scorpions, Vipers, and suche lyke: and for the same purpose it auayleth muche to drinke the decoc∣tion or broth of Garlyke sodde in wine.

[ F] It is also good to keepe such from danger of sicknesse, as are forced to drinke of diuers sortes of corrupt waters.

[ G] The same eaten raw or boyled cleareth the voyce, cureth the old cough, and is very good for them that haue the Dropsie: for it drieth the stomacke and con∣sumeth the water: and doth not much alter nor distemper the body.

[ H] The decoction thereof made with Orygan and wine, being dronken, killeth lyce and nittes.

[ I] It is very good against the tooth ache, for it slaketh the same, pounde with vineger, & laid to the teeth: or boyled in water with a litle incence, & the mouth washed therewith, or put into the holownesse of the corrupt teeth. It is of the same vertue mixt with goose grease and powred into the eares.

[ K] The same brused betwixt the handes and layde to the temples, slaketh the olde headache.

[ L] The same burned into ashes & mingled with hony, healeth the wild scabbe, and scurffe of the head, and the falling of the heare, being layde therevpon.

[ M] Layde to in the same manner, it healeth blacke and blewe scarres, that re∣mayne after bruses and stripes.

[ N] It is also good against the fowle white scurffe, leprie, and running vlcers of the head and all other manginesse pounde with oyle and salte, and layde there vpon. Also it is good against the hoate inflammation called wilde fier, which is a spreading scabbe lyke a tetter.

[ O] With Swines grease in wafteth and dissolueth harde swellinges, and layd to with Sulpher and Rosen, it draweth foorth the euill qualitie or noughtie humour from fistulas, as Plinie writeth.

[ P] It moueth womens natural sicknes, driueth foorth the secondine, if women sit ouer the decoction thereof, or if it be cast vpon the quicke coles, and women receiue the fume of it through a fonnel or holow stole.

[ Q] They cure the pipe or roupe of Pultrie and Chickens with Garlyke.

❀ The Danger.

Garlyke is hurtfull and nought for cholerique people, and suche as be of a hoate complexion, it hurteth the eyes and sight, the head and kidneyes. It is also nought for women with childe and suche as giue sucke to children.

Of Sauwce alone or Iacke by the hedge. Chap. lxxij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe at his first springing vp, hath roundish leaues, almost lyke to Marche violettes, but much greater and larger, & of a paler color. Amōgst those leaues cōmeth vp the stalke of two foote high, with lon∣ger and narrower leaues then the first were, and creuised or iagged about, not much vnlike the Nettle leaues, but grea∣ter. The whiche beyng brused betweene the fingers, haue the sauour and smell of Garlyke. About the highest of the stalke grow many small white flowers, and af∣ter them long coddes or huskes wherein is blacke seede. The roote is long & slen∣der, and of wooddy substance.

¶ The Place.

This herbe delighteth to growe in lowe vntoyled places, as about the bor∣ders of medowes, and moyst pasture groundes, and somtimes in hedges, and vpon walles.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth most commonly in May and Iune, and afterwarde com∣meth the seede.

[illustration]

Alliaria.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the later writers in the Latine tongue, Alliaria, of some also Scordotis: but this is not the true Scordotis, the whiche is also called Scordium, and is described in the first booke of this historie: Pandectarius cal∣leth it Pes Asininus: it is named in French, Alliaire: in high Douch, Knobloch∣kraut, Leuchel, or Saszkraut: in base Almaigne, Loock sonder loock: in En∣glishe, Sauce alone, and Iacke by the hedge.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is hoate and drie almost in (the thirde degree) fourth degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe is not much vsed in medicine: but some do vse it with meates in steede of garlyke.

[ B] The ignorant Apothecaries doo vse this herbe for Scordium, not without errour, as it is manifest to all such as are learned in y^e knowledge of Simples.

Of Onyons. Chap. lxxiij.

¶ The Kindes.

THere be diuers sortes of Onyons, some white, some red, some long, some rounde, some great, and some small: but al of one sauour and propertie, sa∣uing that the one is a litle stronger then the other. Yet they differ not in leaues, flowers, and seede.

❀ The Description.

THe Onyon hath leaues or blades almost like garlike, holow within. The stemmes be round, vpon whiche grow rounde bawles or heades, couered with little fine or tēder white skinnes, out of which breake many white flowers lyke starres, whiche turne into smal pellettes or but∣tons, in whiche are contayned two or three blacke cornered seedes. The roote is rounde or long, made of many foldes, pylles, or coueringes, growing one vpon another, wherof the vpmost pilles or scales are thinnest. In the neather part of the roote is a bearde of hearie rootes, or stringes lyke a tassel.

❀ The Place.

They are sowen in euery garden of this Countrie, but they loue a soft and gentle grounde.

❀ The Tyme.

They are commonly sowen in Februarie and March, and are ful growen in August, & are then pluckt out of the ground to be kept. And if they be plāted againe in December, Ianua∣ry, or February, then they wil blow in Iune, and bring foorth in Iuly and August.

❧ The Names.

The Onyon is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Cepa, and Cepe: in high Douche, Zwibel: in base Almaigne, seede Ayeuyn.

❀ The Nature.

The Onyon is almost hoate in the fourth degree, and ra∣ther of grosse, then subtil partes.

[illustration]

Crommion, Cepa. Onyons.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Onyon engendreth windynesse, and causeth appetite, and it doth scat∣ter, and make thinne grosse and clammie humours, without nourishing: espe∣cially to be eaten raw. But being boyled twise or thrise it is nothing so sharpe, and it nourisheth somewhat, but not muche.

[ B] Onyons eaten in meate, open the belly gently, and prouoke vrine plenti∣fully.

[ C] They open the Hemorrhoides, so called in Greeke, layd to the fundement or siege with oyle or vineger, and so doth the iuyce or the whole Onyon mingled with rosted apples, and layde vpon the fundement with cotten.

[ D] Onyons sodden and layde to with Raysens and figges, do ripe and breake wennes and suche lyke colde swellinges.

[ E] The iuyce of them dropped into the eyes, cleareth the dimnesse of the sight, and at the beginning remoueth the spottes, cloudes, and hawes of the eyes.

[ F] The same iuyce dropped into the eares, is good agaynst deafenesse, and the humming noyse or ringing of the same, and is good to clense the eares from all filthinesse, and corrupt matter of the same.

[ G] The same powred or snift vp into the nosethrilles, causeth one to sneese, and purgeth the brayne.

[ H] Being put vnder in a pessarie, it bringeth out the flowers and secondine.

[ I] It is laide to y^e bitings of dogges, with hony Rue & salt, with good successe.

[ K] It cureth the noughtie scabbe and itche, & the white spottes of all the body, and also the scurffe and scales of the head: and filleth agayne with heare the pylde places of the head, being layde thereto in the Sonne.

[ L] The same layde to with Capons grease, is good against the blisters of the feete, and against the chafing and gaulling of the shoe.

❀ The Danger.

The often vse of Onyons, causeth headache, and ouermuche sleepe, and is hurtfull to the eyes.

Of Leekes. Chap. lxxiiij.

❀ The Description.

THE Leeke hath long brode blades, folden togither with a keele or crest in the backside, in taste and sauour not muche vnlyke the Onyon, be∣twixt which leaues in the second yere grow∣eth a rounde stemme, whiche bringeth foorth a rounde head or bawle, with his flowers lyke the Onyon, and after the flowers it bea∣reth seede, in fashion lyke to Onyon seede, but that it is of a grayishe colour. The roote is white and lesser then a meane Onyon, with a bearde or tassell of hearie stringes.

¶ The Place.

The Leeke is planted almost in euery gar∣den of this Countrie, and is but seldome suf∣fered to seede: but the blades are cut almost euery day harde by the grounde, to be day∣lye vsed in pottages, and other meates, and therefore it can vnethe or scarsely growe vp.

❀ The Tyme.

The Leeke flowreth in Maye and Iune, a yeere after the sowing, if it hath not bene cut, for if it be continually cut, it beareth very seldome flowers or seede, and therefore some do write that the Leeke bringeth foorth ney∣ther flowers nor seede, whiche is vntrue, for the Leeke whiche hath not bene cutte bryngeth foorth both flowers and seede.

[illustration]

Porrum.

¶ The Names.

The Leeke is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Porrum: in Frenche, Pou∣reau. in high Douche, Lauch: in base Almaigne, Paraye: in Englishe, a Leeke, or Leekes.

The vncut Leeke is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Porrum ca∣pitatum: that to say in Englishe, the headded or knopped Leeke.

The cut Leeke is called of Columella and of Palladius in Latine, Porrum sectiuum: in Englishe, Frenche Leeke, vnset Leeke, Mayden Leeke.

❀ The Nature.

The Leeke is hoate and drie in the third degree, of Nature lyke the Onyon, but not so strong.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] Leekes engender grosse and euill blood, breede winde, and cause heauie

dreames, especially to be eaten raw: but boyled in water twise or thrise, it wil∣be the better and more conuenient to be eaten.

[ B] It stirreth one to make water, it maketh the humours fine and thinne and softeneth the belly.

[ C] The iuyce of Leekes dronken with hony, is good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes.

[ D] The iuyce of Leekes taken in an electuarie of Lohoc, doth mundifie & clense the breast, causeth one to spet out, and is good against hoarsenesse and the olde cough.

[ E] A bath of Leekes made with salt sea water, prouoketh womens flowers, openeth the stoppings of the Matrix, and doth mollifie and soften all hardnesse of the same, if they sit ouer the fume thereof.

[ F] The leaues, or as we say the the blades of Leekes will stanche bleeding, especially nosebleeding: the same vertue hath the iuyce mingled with vineger, and fine powder of Frankensence to be put into the nosethrilles.

[ G] The sede is good to be mingled and put into medicines, that serue to breake the stone.

[ H] It stoppeth and stancheth all superfluous bleeding to be taken with the like quantitie of Myrtill berries.

❀ The Danger.

Leekes engender euil humours, and windinesse: they cause heauy and terri∣ble dreames, they darken the eye sight, and are very hurtful for them that haue any exulcerations or goyng of, of the skinne, of the bladder, or raynes.

Of Cyues / or Rushe Onions Leekes. Chap. lxxv.

❀ The Description.

CYues or Rushe Onyons, in the steede of leaues haue litle, smal, holowe, & slender piped blades, lyke to smal Rushes, growing thicke to∣gither, in taste not much vnlyke the taste of Leekes. Amōgst the Rushlyke leaues growe smal rounde stemmes, with smal bowles, or rounde knopped heades, like the bawle in the top of the seede Onyon, but much smaller, and ful of smal purple flowers. The rootes be lyke to small Oniōs, but a great deale smaller, grow∣ing close and thicke togither, ful of long hearie threds or stringes, lyke the beard of the Onyons, or leekes,

❀ The Place.

It is set in gardens amongst potte herbes, or wurtes.

❀ The Time.

It flowreth in May and Iune a yere after y^e sowing, new planting or setting.

[illustration]

Schoenoprasum.

❀ The Names.

This kinde of Leekes is called in En∣glish, Cyues, & of Turner in Latine, Ce∣pa pallacana, & in greke Gethyū, which he

Englisheth by al these names a Cyue, a Ciuet, a Chyue, or Sweth, and giueth to the same a very strange figure: but this kinde is called in French, des Oignon∣cettes, or Porrettes: in high Douche, Schnitlauch, Bryszlauch: in base Almaigne, Biesloock, that is to say, Rushe Garlike, bycause in steede of leaues it bringeth forth smal rushes like Crow Garlike. It hath neither Greke nor Latine name that I knowe. Therefore in folowing the Douche, we doo call it in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine, Scoenoprasum: whiche may be Englished, Rushe Leekes: and if any man had called it in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, I without any pre∣sumption might haue called it Rushe Onyons. Some take it to be Porrum se∣ctiuum: but it appeareth well by that whiche Columella and Palladius haue written, howe shamefully they erre, and by the same aucthoritie of Columella and Palladius we haue sufficiently proued in the former Chapter, that the cut Leeke, and the headed Leeke, whiche is our common Leeke are al one, and do come both of one seede, and do differ but only in this: that the one is suffered to growe and beare seede, and the other is oftentimes cut.

❀ The Nature.

Cyues are hoate and drie in the thirde degree, and of complexion or tempe∣rament lyke vnto Leekes.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Cyues are vsed in meates and Pottages euen as Leekes, whiche they do resemble in operation and vertue.

Of wilde Bulbus / or wilde Onyon. Chap. lxxvi.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe hath long leaues or blades lyke Garlyke, but very seldome bringing foorth more thē two blades, betwixt which springeth vp a rounde holow stemme of a spanne long at the top thereof growe many yellowe sterrelyke flowers, the whiche doo change into a three square or triāgled huske or huskes: in which the seede is contayned. The roote is rounde as an Onyon.

❀ The Place.

This Onyon groweth in diuers places of Almaigne, in sandy Countries in dales and vallyes about brookes and little streames, and sometimes also vnder hedges.

❀ The Tyme.

This kind of Bulbus flowreth in March, and is in seede in April, & in short space after it vanisheth away, so y^t in May folowing a man shal find neither stalkes neither leaues.

❀ The Names.

Howe this kinde of Bulbus hath bene cal¦led of the Auncientes or olde writers, is not certainly knowē, some think it to be Bulbina: some others would haue it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say, Bulbus esculentus, but as some learned men and I do thinke, this Bulbus is

[illustration]

Bulbus syluestris.

neyther the one nor the other. And therfore we call it Bulbus syluestris: the high Douchemen do call it feldswibel, Ackerzwibel: and there after it is called in base Almaigne, Velt Ayeuyn: in Frenche, Oignon sauuage: that is to say, Wilde Onyon. Turner calleth it Bulbyne, wilde Leeke, and Corne Leeke, li. 1. fo. 97. and in the first unpression. fol. 5.

❀ The Nature.

This wilde Onyon is hoate and drie in the seconde degree, the whiche is to be perceiued by his bitter taste and rough astriction, or binding qualitie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Suche as haue put this Bulbus in proofe, do affirme that it softeneth and driueth away harde swellinges being layde therevnto.

[ B] It is also (with great profite) applyed and layde vnto moyst, corrupt, rot ten, festered, fretting and consuming sores, being first rosted vnder imbers, and then pounde with hony and layde to.

Of the white felde Onyon. Chap. lxxvij.

[illustration]

Ornithogalum minus. Bulbus Leucanthemus.

[illustration]

Ornithogalum maius.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THis kinde of Bulbus at the first springing vp hath long small narrow grassie leaues or blades of a span long: from amongst which springeth vp a rounde greene stemme, of a span long or theraboutes, bringing foorth foure or fiue smal flowers, greene without and white within, not much differing in proportion from the fashion of the Lylie flower, especial∣ly before they be fully spread abroade and opened, but they be much lesser. The roote is rounde lyke an Onyon or Bulbe, white both within and without, and very slymie lyke Comfrey, when it is brused or broken in peeces: in taste some∣what sharpe. This agreeth not with Ornithogalum of Dioscorides, for his

Ornithogalum is described to haue a certayne aglet, or a thing called Cachryos, growing vp in the middle of the flower: Neither is it lyke to be Matthiolus Ornithogalum: for that which he setteth betwixt Ornithogalum and Trasi, hath a roote blacke without and white within.

[ 2] This Ornithogalum maius, is lyke the other, but much greater. The leaues of this be long and smal, but bigger then the first. The stalke groweth a foote & a halfe high, and is very euen. There grow vpō the top of the stalke faire plea∣sant flowers, of colour white, lyke vnto small Lylies, in the middle is a head lyke the seede that is named Cachrys. The roote is a Bulbus▪ the whiche lightly multiplyeth into many other.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in sandy places that lye open to the ayre, and be manu∣red or toyled, and is founde in many places of Brabant, especially about Ma∣lines or Mechelen almost in euery feelde.

❀ The Tyme.

The leaues of this Bulbus do spring vp first in March & Aprill, & the flowers in May, & about Iune they do so vanish, that they be not any longer to be seene or founde.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine, Ornithogalum: vn∣knowen in shoppes: in base Almaigne it is called, Wit velt Ayueyn, that is to say, the wilde white feelde Onyon: in some places of France, it is called Chur∣les. It may lykewyse be very wel called, Bulbus Leucanthemus.

[ 2] The other Bulbus, is lykewise an Ornithogalum, and is called of some nowe in these dayes, Lilium Alexandrinum, that is to say, Lylies Alexandria, bycause it is thought that it is first brought into knowledge in this Countrie from A∣lexandria.

❀ The Nature.

This Bulbus is temperate in heate and drynesse.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Dioscorides saith, that it may be eaten either rawe or rosted as ye liste.

[ B] It is also very good to soulder and close vp fresh or greene wounds, being layde vpon lyke Comfrey.

Of the Sea Vnyon called Squilla. Chap. lxxviij.

¶ The Kyndes.

AT this day there be found two kinds of Squilla, or Sea Vnion: the one bearing straight or narrow blades, the which is the right Squilla: the o∣ther hath brode blades, and is commonly vsed for Squilla.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE rounde bollens, or imbossed heades of the first & right Squilla, are very great and thicke, and whiter then the bollens or heades of the vsual & common Squilla. The blades be long and narrow, and of a white greene or grayish colour.

[ 2] The common Squilla hath also great thicke heades or bollens, but they are most commonly redder, and the pilles or scales are thicker then the scales or coueringes of the other Squilla. The leaues be great and broade almost lyke to Lylie leaues. The flowers be smal and yellow growing at the highest and alongst the stalkes or stemmes, after them commeth the seede.

❀ The Place.

Squilla groweth not of his owne accorde in this Countrie, but is brought from Spayne hither to serue for medicine, wherof some is planted in gardens.

❀ The Names.

The first kind of this strange Vnyon, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: & in Latine,

Scilla: in Shoppes, Squilla: in French, Stiboule, Squille, Oignon de mer: in high douch Meerzwibel: in base Almaigne, Zee Ayeuyn: of Serapio, Cepe muris, that is to say, Mowce Onyon: in Englishe, Squilla, and Sea Onyon.

[ 2] The second kind is taken of the grea∣ter number of Apothecaries for Squilla, albeit it is not the right kinde, but of that sort whiche the Grekes do cal 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: the Latines Pancratiū, which is of nature lyke to Squilla, and therefore without any errour it may be vsed in steede of Squilla. And this kinde of the learned Peter Belon is counted to be Bulbus lit∣toralis of Theophrastus, wherevnto it is very muche lyke: for Dioscorides Pancra∣tium, and Theophrastus Bulbus littoralis do seeme to be all one.

❀ The Nature.

Squilla is hoate in the second degree, and drie in the thirde degree, and of very subtile partes, also of a cutting and scou∣ring nature.

[illustration]

Scilla c\ōmunis Pancrati\ū Squilla.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Squilla (being first couered rounde a∣bout with dowe, or lapt in paste & baked in an ouen, or rosted vnder coles vntill it be soft or tender) then a spoonefull or two thereof taken, with the eight part of salt, causeth a man to go to the stoole, and putteth foorth plenty of tough and clammie humours.

[ B] The same rosted or prepared after the same manner, is good to be put into medicines that prouoke vrine, and in suche medicines as are vsed agaynst the Dropsie, the Iaundise, belching or working vp of the stomacke, and gripinges or frettinges of the belly.

[ C] Taken with hony and oyle, it driueth foorth of the belly, both the long and rounde wormes.

[ D] Prepared in manner aforesayde, it is put with great profite, into medicines that are made against an old inueterate cough, and shortnesse of breath, which medicines do cause to spit out the tough and clammie flemes, that are gathered togither within the holownesse of the breast: for taken in the same manner it doth dissolue and loose grosse humours, and bringeth them foorth.

[ E] The same ordered with hony loseth the belly very gently: and the like ver∣tue hath the seede to be taken with figges or hony.

[ F] A scale or twaine of the roote of Squilla being yet greene and raw is good to be layde vnder the tongue, to quenche the thirste of them that haue the Dropsie, as Plinie writeth.

[ G] Squilla sodden in vineger vntill it be tender, and pouned small, is good to be layde as an emplayster, vpon the bitinges of Vipers and Adders, and suche other lyke venemous beastes.

[ H] The inner part of Squilla boyled in Oyle, or Turpentine is applyed with great profite to the chappes or riftes of the feete, and also to kibed or moldye

heeles, and hanginge wartes, especially when it is first rosted vnder the im∣bers.

[ I] In the same maner it healeth the running sores of the head, and the scurffie scales or bran of the head being layde therevnto.

[ K] The leaues of Squilla do dissolue and wast the kinges euyl and kernelles vnder and about the throte, beyng layd therevpon by the space of foure dayes.

[ L] Pythagoras saith, that if Squilla be hanged ouer the doore or chiefe entrie into the house, it keepeth the same from all mishap, witchcraft or sorcerie.

[ M] Bertius writeth that whan the flowers of Squilla be of a brownish colour and doo not soone fall, or vade away, that the yeere shalbe very fruitefull, and there shalbe great ftore of Corne.

[ N] Pancratium in vertue and working is muche lyke to Squilla, sauing that it is not so strong nor effectuall. And it may be vsed for want of the right Squilla in al things as witnesseth Galen, and is to be prepared in the lyke or∣der as they prepare Squilla, as saith Dioscorides.

❀ The Danger.

Squilla is a very sharpe medicine, both subtil & wasting, hurtful and forsing the nature of man, when it is taken or vsed rawe: and therefore Galen saith, it ought not to be vsed or taken into the body without it be first soddē or rosted.

Of Affodyll. Chap. lxxix.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere be three kindes of Affodill, that is to say, the male, and female, and a thirde sort with yellowe flowers.

[illustration]

Asphodelus mas. The male Affodyll.

[illustration]

Asphodelus foemina. The female Affodyl.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kinde of Affodyll hath long narrow leaues, like Leeke blades, amōgst which springeth vp a roūd stalke of a cubite, or cubite and a halfe long: vppon whiche from the middle vp to the toppe growe faire white flowers, or of a very pale carnation colour, which do begin to flower below, and do end their flowring aboue. The flowers past ther come smal huskes, round and writhed or turned a∣bout, and are found diuided and seuered into partes whē they waxe ripe: within the sayd huskes is a browne seede. The rootes do growe by great nūbers or cō∣panyes, & like to the rootes of the femal Pionie, eache one fashioned like to a lōg thicke kernell or somewhat longer, and within somwhat opē or spongie, in taste at the first somewhat astringent, and af∣terwarde bitter. Yet of no very strange taste, so that it is no maruell that men in times past dyd vse to of eate this roote as Hesiodus & certaine other do report.

[illustration]

Asphodelitertia species. Yellow Affodyll.

[ 2] The second kind of Affodyll hath nar∣row blades also lyke to the abouesayde, but smaller and shorter, amongst whiche springeth foorth a plaine straight stem of two foote high, from the middle of the top set with pale flowers, diuided into sixe partes, not much vnlike the flowers of the other Affodyl. They once past there appeare small triangled huskes, within the whiche lyeth the seede. The roote of this kinde is rounde as the head of an Onyon, almost lyke the roote of garden Bulbus, but somewhat bigger. To conclude, this Affodyll is not muche vnlyke the first kind but only in the roote, wherein is all the difference betwixt these two herbes: for they varie not much one from another in leaues, stalkes, flowers, and seedes, sauing that the leaues of this kind are shorter, the flowers stande further a sunder, and not so thicke set, or throng togither.

[ 3] Bysides these two kindes there is found another Affodyl, whose leaues be longer & narrower then the leaues of the first kind, the stalkes be also round, & loden with pleasant yellow flowers, after whiche appeareth rounde huskes or knops lyke little heades, wherein the seede is contayned: it hath a number of rootes growing thicke togither like the first Affodyl, but euery roote is longer and smaller. The leaues of this Affodyl remayne greene al the winter, & do not vade and perish as the leaues of the other. And the rootes doo put foorth a cer∣tayne increase of newe springes and blades, wherby it incrocheth and winneth more grounde, and doth so multiply: that of one plant within a fewe yeres you shal get a number of others.

❀ The Place.

Affodyl is not founde growing of his owne kind in this Countrie, but in the gardens of Herboristes, where as they do both sowe and playnt it.

❀ The Time.

[ 1] The first kinde flowreth in May, and is in seede in Iune.

[ 2] The seconde doth also flower and seede in Iune.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Albucus, and Hastula re∣gia: in shops Affodilus: in French, Hache royale, or Asphodel: of the common Herbo∣ristes of Brabant, Affodilen. The flower with his stemme is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Anthericos: and in Latine, as Plinie sayth, Albucum: in English also Affodyl, and Daffodyll.

[ 1] The first kinde is called Asphodelus mas, and Hastula regia mas, and is that same whiche Dioscorides describeth.

[ 2] The seconde is called Asphodelus foemina, and Hastula regia foemina, and is that whiche Galen describeth, in lib. de alimentorum facultatibus.

¶ The Nature.

[ 1] Affodyl especially the roote of the first kind is hoate & dry in y^e second degree.

[ 2.3.] The rootes of the other kinde, are hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree.

❧ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of y^e first kind boiled & dronkē, prouoketh vrine, & womēs flowers.

[ B] The waight of a dram therof taken with wine, healeth the payne in the side, the cough, the shrinking of sinewes, crampes, and burstinges.

[ C] It is very good against the bitings of venemous beastes, to drinke the quan∣titie of three drammes therof with wine, and to lay vpon the wounde and hur∣ted place the leaues, flowers and rootes beaten togither.

[ D] The seede & the flowers of the right Affodyl dronken in wine, are very good against y^e poyson of scorpiōs, & other venemous beastes, also they purge y^e belly.

[ E] The roote boyled in the lyes of wine is good to be layd vpon corrupt festered sores, and vpon olde vlcers, and the impostumes of the breastes and stones or genitours. It is also good against new swellings and impostemes that do but begin, being layde vpon in maner of an emplayster with parched barley meale.

[ F] The iuyce of the roote boyled with good olde wine, a litle Myrrhe and Saf∣fron, is a good medicine for the eyes, to cleare and sharpen the sight.

[ G] The same iuyce of it selfe, or mingled with Frankencense, hony, wine, and Myrrhe, is good against the corrupt filth and mattering of the eares, when it is powred or dropped in.

[ H] The same prepared & ordered as is aforesaid, swageth the toothache powred and dropped into the contrarie eare to the payne and greefe.

[ I] The ashes of the burned roote, and specially of the seconde kind do cure and heale scabbes and noughtie sores of the head, and doo restore agayne vnto the pilde head, the heare fallen away, being layde therevnto.

[ K] The oyle y^e is sodden in the rootes being made holow, or the oyle in which the rootes haue ben boyled, doth heale y^e burnings with fire, mouldy or raw kibed heeles, & doth swage y^e paine of the eares, & deafnesse, as Dioscorides writeth.

[ L] The rootes do cure the morphew or white spots in the flesh, if you rub them first with a linnen cloth in the Sonne, & then annoynt the place with the iuyce of the roote, or lay the roote to the place.

Of the Vine. Chap. lxxx.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere are diuers sortes of vines, but aboue all the rest there are two most notable: that is to say, the garden or husbanded vine, and the wilde vine, as writeth Dioscorides, and the Ancientes. The manured or husbanded vine is also of diuers sortes, both in fashion and colour, so that it is not easie to

number or describe all the kindes: whereof it shalbe sufficient for vs to diuide the garden or husbanded vine into three kindes: whereof the first is very red, and yeeldeth a darke red liquer, the whiche is called of some Tinctura. The se∣conde is blewe, and yeeldeth a cleare white liquer, the which yet notwithstan∣ding wareth redde, when it is suffered to setle in the vessel. The thirde vine is white and yeeldeth a white wine or liquer, the whiche continueth white. And all these sortes of the manured or garden vines are lyke one another in leaues, branches, wood, and timber.

❀ The Description.

THE vine hath many weake and slender branches, of a wooddy substance, ouercouered with a clo∣uē barke, or chinking rinde (from which branches) groweth foorth new encrease of knottie shutes or springes, bringing foorth at euery knotte or ioynt, broade iagged leaues, diuided into fiue cuttes or partes, also it putteth foorth at the a∣foresayd ioyntes with the leaues certayne ten∣drelles, or clasping caprioles, & tying tagglets, wherewith al it taketh hold vpon trees, poles, and perches, and all thinges els that it may at∣tayne vnto. The same new springes and bran∣ches, doo also bring foorth, for the most part, at the seconde, thirde, and fourth knotte or ioynt, first of all little bushie tuftes, with white blos∣soms or flowers, and after them pleasant clu∣sters of many berries or grapes, thicke set and trussed togither, with in whiche berries or grapes are founde small graynes or kernelles, whiche be the seede of the vine.

[illustration]

Vitis. The manured vine.

❀ The Place.

The vine delighteth to growe vpon moun∣taynes, that stande open to the South, in hoate Countries and Regions, as in Canarie, and the Ilandes adioyning in Barbaria, Spayne, Greece, Candie, Sicile, Italy, and diuers other hoate Regions. It groweth also in Fraunce, and Almaigne, by the riuer Rheyne, and in some places of Netherland, as Brabant, Haynau, and Liege: but that which groweth in these lower Countries do bring foorth very smal or thin wines, for none other cause but onely bycause y^e Sonne is not so vehement, and the nightes be shorter. For (as Constantine Caesar writeth.) The Sonne must giue to the wine strength and vertue, & the night his sweete∣nesse, and the Moone shine his rypenesse. And therefore are the vines of Cana∣narie, of Candie, and other the lyke hoate Countries, both sweete and strong: for the Sonne shineth vehemently in those Countries, and the nightes be lon∣ger then in this Countrie. And for this consyderation the wine of Rheyne, and of other the Septentrional or North Regions are weaker, and not so sweete & pleasant, bycause y^e nights in those Countries be shorter, & the Sonne hath not so muche strength. And for the same cause also it groweth not in Norweigh, Swedlande, Denmarke, Westphale, Prusse, and other colde Countries: for the nightes be there in sommer short, and the power of the Sonne is but smal.

❀ The Time.

The vine flowreth in high and base Germanie or Almaigne, about the be∣ginning of Iune, and the grapes be through ripe in September. A moneth af∣ter, that is to say in Octoker, they presse foorth the wine, and put it into hogges∣heades, and vessels, fit for that purpose, and therefore they call the moneth of October in Douche, Wijnmaent.

❀ The Names.

The manured vine is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Vitis vinifera: in high Douche, Weinreb: in base Almaigne, Wijn∣gaert: in Englishe, the garden or manured Vine or Grape.

❀ The Nature.

The leaues, branches, and tendrelles of the vine, are colde, drie, and astrin∣gent, and so be the greene berries or vnripe grapes: but the ripe grapes are hoate and moyst in the first degree, and the Raysen or dried grape is hoate and drie, as witnesseth Galen.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of the greene leaues, branches, and tendrels of the vine dronken, is good for them that vomit or spet blood, and is good against the bloddy flixe, and for women with childe that are giuen to vomit. The same vertue haue the branches and clasping tendrelles to be taken alone by them selues: and so haue the kernelles, that are found within the fruit, to be boyled in water and dron∣ken.

[ B] The same tagglettes or clasping tendrelles of the vine, pound with parched barley meale, are good to be applyed to the headache comming of heate, and vpon the hoate vlcers of the stomacke.

[ C] The ashes of the drie boughes or cuttinges of the vine burnt, and layde to with vineger, do cure the excrescence & swellings of the fundement, the which must first be scarrified or pared.

[ D] The same dissolued in oyle of roses and vineger, is good to be layde to the bitinges of Serpentes, to dislocations or members out of ioynt, and to the in∣flammation, or heate of the splene or milte.

[ E] Greene grapes ingender windinesse in the belly and stomacke, and do loose the belly.

[ F] The dryed Raysens are very good against the cough, and all diseases of the lunges, the kidneyes and the bladder.

[ G] They be also very good (as Galen saith) against the stoppings and weake∣nesse of the liuer, for they both open the same, and strengthen it.

[ H] The broth of Raysen kernelles, is good agaynst the blooddy flixe and the laske, if it be altogither powred into the body at one glister.

[ I] It stoppeth also the superfluous course of womens flowers, if they bathe them selues in the same brothe or decoction of the kernelles.

[ K] The same kernelles pounde very small and laide to with salt, doo consume and waste harde swellinges, and swageth the blastinges and swellinges of womens breastes.

Of the wylde Vine or Grape. Chap. lxxxi.

¶ The Kindes.

THe wilde vine is of two sortes, as Dioscorides sayth, the one sorte hath flowers, & grapes which neuer come to ripenesse: and the other bringeth foorth small grapes or berries whiche come to ripenesse.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE wilde vine is much like to the gardē vine, in branches, leaues, and clasping capreoles, wherof the first kind bringeth foorth first his flow∣ers, and afterwarde his fruite lyke to the garden vine: but the fruite commeth not to ripenesse.

[ 2] The stcond kind bringeth foorth smal clusters, ful of litle berries or grapes, the whiche do become ripe, and they drie them lyke Raysens. And of these are made the smal Raysens, which are commonly called Corantes, but more right∣ly Raysens of Corinthe.

❀ The Names.

The wilde vine is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Vitis syluestris, and Labrusca: in Englishe, the wilde grape or vine.

[ 1] The decaying or fading fruite, of the first kinde of wilde vine, and also the flowers of the same, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine, Oenanthe.

The iuyce whiche they presse out of the grapes of this vine, and of all other sortes of greene and vnripe grapes, aswel of the garden as of the wilde kind of vines, is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: & in Latine, Omphacium: in shops, Agresta: in French, Verius, & of some Aigras: in base Almaigne, Veryus: in English, Verius.

[ 2] The fruite of the seconde kinde is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie, Passulae de Corintho: in Frenche, Raisins de Corinthe: in base Almaigne, Corui∣then: in Englishe, Currantes, and small Raysens of Corynthe,

❀ The Nature.

The leaues, branches, and clasping capreoles of the wilde vine, haue lyke power and vertue, as the leaues, branches, and clasping tendrelles of the ma∣nured or garden vine, & so hath the Verius of the same. The Raysens or Cur∣rantes are hoate and moyst of nature and complexion, not muche vnlyke the common frayle Raysens in operation.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues, branches, and tendrelles of the wilde vine, are of like vertue & operation, as the leaues, branches, & claspers of the garden vine, and do serue as wel to all purposes, as they of the garden vine.

[ B] The flower with the vnripe and withering fruite of the first kinde of the wilde grape stoppeth the laske, and all other fluxe of blood.

[ C] Being layde outwardly vpon the stomacke, they are good against the debi∣litie and weakenesse of the stomacke, and sower belchinges and lothsomnesse of the same, and they be also of the same effect to be eaten.

[ D] It swageth headache, being layde vpon the same greene, or mingled with oyle of roses and vineger, and is muche profitable agaynst the spreading and fretting sores of the genitours of priuities.

[ E] The Verius doth not much differ in operation and vertue, from the withe∣red & vnripe grape, especially when it is dryed & made into powder: for being so prepared & occupyed, it is an excellent medicine agaynst the weakenesse and heate of the stomacke, for it doth both strengthen and refresh or coole the same, howsoeuer it be vsed, whether in meates or otherwyse.

[ F] They make a syrupe with this Verius, sugar, or hony, the whiche is very good against thirste in hoate agues, and the wambling, vomiting, and turning vp of the stomacke, that commeth through heate of cholerique humours.

[ G] It is also good for women with childe to stirre vp in them good appetite or meate lust and to take from them all inordinate lustes or vayne longing, and also to stop the wambling in their stomackes and parbreaking.

[ H] Currantes or Raysens of Corinthe, do not much differ in vertue, from tap∣•…•… 〈1 line〉〈1 line〉