A nievve herball, or historie of plantes wherin is contayned the vvhole discourse and perfect description of all sortes of herbes and plantes: their diuers [and] sundry kindes: their straunge figures, fashions, and shapes: their names, natures, operations, and vertues: and that not onely of those whiche are here growyng in this our countrie of Englande, but of all others also of forrayne realmes, commonly vsed in physicke. First set foorth in the Doutche or Almaigne tongue, by that learned D. Rembert Dodoens, physition to the Emperour: and nowe first translated out of French into English, by Henry Lyte Esquyer.

¶ The fourth part of the Historie of Plantes / treating of the sundrie Kindes / fashions / names / vertues, and operations, of Corne or Grayne, Pulse, Thistelles, and suche lyke. (Book 4)

By Rembertus Dodonaeus.

Of Wheate. Chap. i.

❀ The Kindes.

THE Auncient writers haue described diuers sortes of wheate, according to the places and Countries, from whence it hath ben brought to Rome and other suche great Cities. But suche as make no account of so many kindes, as Columella and Plinie, haue diuided wheate but onely into three kindes: whereof the one is called Robus, the other Siligo. The whiche twayne are winter corne or fruites, and the third Setanium, which is a sommer wheate or grayne. Yet to say the trueth, this is as it were but one sort or kinde, and the diuersitie consisteth but onely in this point, that the one kinde is browner or blacker, and the other sort is whiter and fairer, & the one is to be sowen before winter, and the other after.

❀ The Description.

EVery kinde of wheate hath a rounde high stemme, strawe, or reede, most commonly many strawes growing frō one roote, euery one hauing three or foure ioyntes, or knottes, greater and longer then barley strawe, coue∣red with two or three narrowe leaues, or grayishe blades, at the highest of the sayd stemme or straw, a good way from the said leaues, or blades, groweth the eare, in which the graine or corne is set, without order, very thicke, and not bearded.

❀ The Place.

The wheate groweth in this Countrie, in the beast and fruitful feeldes.

❀ The Tyme.

Men sow their winter corne in September, or October, & the sommer corne in March, but they are ripe altogither in Iuly.

¶ The Names.

Wheate is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Tri∣ticum: in high Douche Weyssen, & Weytzen: in nea∣ther Douchlande Terwe.

[ 1] The first kinde, whiche of Columella is iudged the best, & groweth not in this Countrey, is called Robus, & of Plinie Triticū: in English Red Wheat.

[illustration]

Triticum. Wheate.

[ 2] The second kinde, which is more light, and whi∣ter, is called in Latine Siligo, & that is our common wheate growing in this Countrie, as we haue euidently declared in Latine, in Historia Frugū, wheras we haue also declared, that our common Rye is not Siligo, whereof Columel and Plinie haue written.

[ 3] The third kind is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Setanium, and Trimestre Triticum: in French Blé de Mars: in base Almaigne, Zoomer Terwe: in English March, or sommer Wheate.

Wheate layde to outwardly as a medicine, is hoate in the first degree, with∣out any manifest moysture. But the bread that is made therof, is warmer, and hath a greater force, to ripe, drawe, and digest.

The Amylum made of wheate, is colde and drie, and somewhat astrin∣gent.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Raw wheate chewed in the mouth, is good to be layd to agaynst the biting of mad Dogges.

[ B] The whole wheate is very profitable against the paynes of the gowt, whē a man plongeth him selfe therein, euen vp to the knees, as ye shall reade in Pli∣nie of Sextus Pompeius, who being so vsed, was cured of the gowte.

[ C] Wheaten meale mingled with the iuyce of Henbane, & layde to the sinewes, is good against the rheumes and subtill humours falling downe vppon the same.

[ D] The same layde vpon with vineger and hony (called Oximel) doth clense and take away all spottes and lentilles from of the face.

[ E] The meale of Marche or Sommer wheate, layd to with Vineger, is very good against the bitinges of venemous beastes.

[ F] The same boyled lyke to a paste or pappe, and licked, is very good agaynst the spetting of blood: and boyled with Butter, & Mintes, it is of great power against the cough, and roughnesse of the throte.

[ G] The flower of wheaten meale boyled with hony and water, or with Oyle and water, dissolueth all tumours, or swellinges.

[ H] The Branne boyled in vineger, is good against the scuruie itche, and sprea∣ding scabbe, and dissolueth the beginninges of hoate swellinges.

[ I] The sayde Branne boyled in the decoction of Rue, doth slake & swage the harde swellinges of womans breastes.

[ K] The leauen made of wheaten meale, draweth foorth shiuers, splinters, and thornes, especially from the soles of the feete. And it doth open, ripe, and breake al swellinges and impostumes, if it be layde to with Salt.

[ L] Wheaten bread boyled in honied water, doth swage and appease all hoate swellinges, especially in putting thereto other good herbes and iuyces.

[ M] Wheaten bread newe baked, tempered or soked in brine or pickle, doth cure and remoue all olde and white scuruinesse, and the foule creeping or spreading scabbe.

[ N] The Amylum or Starche, that is made of wheate, is good against the fal∣ling downe of rheumes and humours into the eyes, if it be layd therevnto, and it cureth and filleth agayne with flesh, woundes and holow vlcers.

[ O] Amylum dronken stoppeth the spetting of blood, and mingled with milke, it swageth the roughnesse, or sorenesse of the throte and brest, and causeth to spet out easyly.

Of the Corne called Spelt or Seia. Chap. ij.

❀ The Kindes.

SPelt is of two sortes. The one hath commonly two cornes or seedes ioyned togither, whereof eche grayne is in his owne skinne, or chaffie couering. The other is single, and hath but one grayne.

❀ The Description.

SPelt, hath straw, ioyntes, and eares, much lyke to wheate, sauing that the corne ther∣of is not bare as the wheate corne is, but is inclosed in a litle skinne or chaffie huske, from whiche it can not be easily purged, or clensed, except in the myll, or some other deuise made for the same purpose, and whan it is so pylde and made cleane from the chaffe, it is very wellyke to a wheat corne, both in proportion and Nature: in so muche that at the ende of three yeres, the Spelt being so purged, changeth it selfe into faire wheate, whan it is sowen, as Plinie, Theophraste, and diuers other of the Auncientes haue written.

¶ The Place.

Spelt requireth a fat and fruitfull grounde well laboured, and groweth in high & open feeldes. In times past, it was founde onely in Grece, but at this day, it groweth in many places of Italie, Fraunce, and Flaunders.

❀ The Tyme.

It is sowen in September, and October, lyke vnto wheate, and is ripe in Iuly.

❧ The Names.

This grayne is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Zea: of the Auncient Romaynes Semen, and Far, and at this day Spelta: in Frenche Espeautre: in high Douche Speltz, and Dinckelkorne: in base Al∣maigne Spelte: and amongst the kindes of Far, it shoulde seeme to be Venni∣culum album.

[illustration]

Zea. Far. Spelt.

❀ The Nature.

Spelt is of Nature like vnto wheate, but somwhat colder, drawing neare to the complexion of barley, and somewhat drying.

❀ The Vertues.

The meale of Spelt, with red wine, is very profitable against y^e stinginges of Scorpions, and for suche as spet blood.

[ B] The same with sweete Butter vnsalted, or with newe Goates suet, doth souple and mitigate the roughnesse of the throte, and appeaseth the cough.

[ C] The same boyled with wine and Saltpeter, cureth corrupt and running sores, and the white scurffe of all the body, the payne of the stomacke, the feete, and womens brestes.

[ D] To conclude, Spelt in qualitie is very like wheate, and is a good nourish∣ment both for man and beast, as Theophrastus writeth.

[ E] The bread thereof is not muche inferior to that is made of wheate, but it nourisheth lesse. Turner lib. 2. fol. 131.

Of Amilcorne. Chap. iij.

❀ The Description.

THIS grayne is also lyke vnto wheate in the strawe, ioyntes, and growing, but that the eares be not bare or not like wheate, but rough with many sharpe pointed eares or beardes, like the eares of Barley: & the cornes grow by ranges, like to the cornes or graynes of Barley. The seede is also inclosed in little huskes or coueringes, like to spelt, and being clensed and purged from his chaffie huske, it is much lyke to wheate.

❀ The Place.

This Corne groweth in many places of Almaigne.

❀ The Tyme.

Men do also sow it before winter, and it is cut downe in Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This Corne is called in high Douch Am∣melkorne, That is to say, in base Almaigne Amelcorne, and in Latine Amyleum frumē∣tum: and is a kinde of Zea, and Far: and it shoulde seeme to be Halicastrum. It may be englished, Amelcorne, or bearded Wheate.

The Nature, and Vertue.

[ A] As this grayne is a kinde of spelt, euen so it is very muche lyke vnto it in complexion and working, beyng in the middle betwixt Wheate and Barley, agreeable to all purposes wherevnto Spelt is good.

[illustration]

Amyleum frumentum.

[ B] The bread that is made of it, is also somewhat lyke the bread of wheate.

Of Typhewheate / called in Latine Triticum Romanorum. Chap. iiij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] ROmayne Wheate, is like common Wheate in his blades and knottie strawes, but the eares are more rounde and playne, and better com∣pact, very muche bearded, the grayne is like the Wheate.

[ 2] There is another kinde lyke vnto this, whose strawe and eares are smaller, the eares be also pointed and bearded. The seede is lyke vnto wheate, sauing that it is smaller, and blacker then our common Wheate is.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] This Corne groweth not in all places, nor is not very common, but it is founde in some partes of Almaigne, as in Aussois, about the mountaynes and forestes, where as wilde Bores, and Swine do commonly haunt. And the husbandmen of the Countrie do sowe it for the same purpose, bycause of the Swine, whiche do ordinarily destroy the other Corne, but they come very sel∣dome to feede vppon this kinde of grayne, bycause of the rough and prickely beardes which do hinder and let them, as Hierome Bocke writeth.

[ 2] The seconde kinde groweth in the Iles of Canarie, and in certayne places of Spayne.

[illustration]

Triticum Romanorū, aut Triticum Barbatum. Romaine Wheat.

[illustration]

Triticum Typhinum. Typhwheate.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first kind is called in French Meteil: in high Douch Welsche Weyssen, that is to say in Latine, Triticum Romanū: in base Almaigne, Romsche terwe: of some it is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Typha, and also Typha cerealis, as a token of knowledge from another Typha, which is called Typha palustris: we may call it Typhe wheate or Bearded wheate, and Romaine wheat.

[ 2] The second might also be a kinde of Typha, if the seede were inclosed in litle chaffie skinnes like vnto Spelt, but seing it is naked lyke wheate, therefore it cannot be Typha, although in other respectes it is very muche like Typha, of Theophrastus and Galen, therefore it may be wel called Triticum Tiphinum.

❀ The Nature.

This Corne is of temperature, somewhat lyke to the other, but not so good.

Of Spelt corne / Spelt wheate. Chap. v.

❀ The Description.

ZEopyron is a strange grayne, very muche like Spelt, in the strawe, knottes, and eares: yet the seede or grayne is better like wheate, for it is not closed vp in the huske like Spelt, but it commeth foorth easyly in thresshing like wheat: & it hath a browne yellowish colour like wheat.

¶ The Place.

This kinde of grayne, doth also growe in some places of Almaigne.

❀ The Tyme.

Men sowe, and cut it downe like other corne.

❀ The Names.

This corne as Galen writeth in his first booke, Dealimentis, hath ben called in the Countrie of Bi∣thynia in Greece 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Zeopyron. The whiche is a compounde name, of Zea (that is to say, Spelt) and Pyros, that is to say, Wheate, the whiche name is very agreable vnto this Corne, bycause it is like to them both, or as a meane betwixt them both. The Almaignes call it Kern, Drinkelkern, and Kernsamen, that is to say in base Almaigne Keeren∣saet.

The Nature, and operation.

[ A] Zeopyron is of temperature, not muche differing from Spelt.

[ B] The bread of Zeopyron is better then the bread made of Briza, and is as it were a meane or middle cast bread, betwixt wheaten bread, and the bread made of Briza, as winesseth Galien.

[illustration]

Zeopyron.

Of single Spelt. Chap. vi.

❀ The Description.

BRiza is also something like to Spelt, sauing that it hath the eares, motes, and strawes, lesser, smaller, and shor∣ter, the eares be bearded, and the beardes are sharpe, like the beardes of Barley. The seede is couered with a huske lyke to Spelt. The whole plante with his strawe, eares, and grayne is of a browne redde colour, and it maketh browne bread, of a very strange and vnplea∣sant taste.

❀ The Place.

This corne loueth rough and rude places, and hath not to do with the champion ground. It hath ben founde in times past of Galen, in Macedonia, & Thracia: but now it is growen in some places of Douchlande, being brought first thither out of Thracia, as it is easie to con∣iecture. The whiche Countrie the Turkes do nowe cal Romaine, the chiefest citie whereof is Constantinoble.

❀ The Tyme.

Men sowe it in September, and cut it in Sommer, as other fruites of the lyke kindes.

¶ The Names.

This grayne is nowe called in Douche Blicken, Sant Peters Corne, and Einkorne: in Neather Douchlande Eencoren. It shoulde seeme to be a kinde of Zea Monococcos, and

[illustration]

Briza.

Zea simplex, of Dioscorides, and the Zea of Mnesitheus, the which Galen in his booke, De aliment. facult. thinketh to be that grayne, whiche in his tyme was called in Thracia and Macedonia, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Briza. It shoulde also seeme to be the kinde of Far whiche Columella nameth Far Venniculum rutilum.

❀ The Nature, and operation:

[ A] To what purpose this corne serueth in Physicke, hath not yet bene written of, nor proued to my knowledge. But the bread made thereof is very heauie, nourisheth euill, and is vnholsome.

Of Rye. Chap. vij.

❀ The Kyndes.

AS the wheate described in the first Chapter, is diuers, according to the times or seasons of sowing, euen in like manner is the Rye: for the one kinde is sowen before winter, and the other after winter.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] RYe bringeth foorth of one roote, sixe or seuen and somtime moe, long, slender, and leane strawes with foure or fiue ioyntes, the whiche in good and fertill grounde groweth to the length of sixe foote or more, lyke to the strawe or reede of wheate, but softer, smaller, and longer. At the hiest of the sayde strawes, grow long eares, bearded with sharpeyles, like Barley eares, but nothing so rough or sharpe. The whiche when the corne is ripe do hang or turne downewardes, within the sayde eares is the grayne or corne, smaller, and muche blacker then wheate, and lesse then Barley, and is not enclosed in small huskes, but commeth foorth lightly. Of this kinde is made a very browne bread.

[ 2] The other Rye is lyke to the aforesayde, in al respectes sauing that the strawes and eares are smaller.

❀ The Place.

Rye groweth in all the lowe Countrie of Flaunders, and in many other Regions, it lo∣ueth the barren soyle, that is dry & sandy, where as none other corne or grayne may grow, as in the Countrie of Brabant, the whiche is called Kempene, and other like drie soyles. Yet for al that, the best Rye groweth in good and fertill soyles.

❀ The Tyme.

The first kinde is sowen in September, and the other in Marche, and are both ripe in Iuly.

[illustration]

Secale.

❀ The Names.

This grayne is called of Plinie in Latine Secale: in Englishe Rye: in Frenche Seigle: in high Almaigne Rocken: in base Alemaigne Rogghe: in Italian Segala: of some Asia, of o∣thers Farrago: although this is not the true Farrago, for Farrago is none o∣ther

thing, but Barley, Otes, and suche lyke graynes mingled togither and sowen for forrage or prouender for Cattell: the whiche men do mowe and cut before it is ripe, to feede their Oxen, Kyen, Horses, and other lyke cattell.

And that this grayne is not Siligo, it is sufficiently declared in our fourth booke of the Historie af Plantes Chapt. j.

¶ The Nature.

Rye layde outwardly to the body, is hoate and drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Rye meale put into a litle bagge, and layed vppon the head, cureth the olde and inueterate paynes of the head, and drieth the brayne.

[ B] The leuen made of the same, draweth foorth thornes, & splinters, or sheuers, and it ripeth al swelling and impostumations, insomuch that for this purpose, it wil worke better and is of more vertue, then the leuen made of wheatē meale.

[ C] Rye bread with butter is of y^e like vertue, but yet not so strong as the leuen.

[ D] Rye bread is heauie and hard to digest, most meetest for labourers, and such as worke or trauell much, and for suche as haue good stomackes.

Of Barley. Chap. viij.

❧ The Kindes.

BArley is of two sortes, great and small, to the whiche they haue nowe put two other kindes, that is to say, a kinde without huske: and another kinde called Douche Barley or Rice.

[illustration]

1. Hordeum Polystichū Winter Barley. Beare Barley.

3. Hordeum Nudum. Naked orbare Barley. Wheate Barley.

[illustration]

2. Hordeum Dystichum. Sommer Barley. Common Barley.

4. Oriza. Rice.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] BArley hath helme or strawe, lyke wheaten strawe, but it is shorter and more britle with sixe or moe ioyntes, and knottes. The eares be long and very rough, couered & set ful of long bearded sharpe ayles, where as the grayne or cornes are placed in order or rewes, sometimes in foure ranges or moe lines. The seede is lyke to wheate, and is closed vp fast in a chaffie couering or skinne, like Spelt.

[ 2] The small common Barley is very well like the other, sauing that his spike or eare hath but two rewes or orders of Cornes.

[ 3] Besides these two sortes of Barley, there is yet another kinde the whiche hath the Barley in strawe and eare, but the grayne is not so closed vp in the huske as the other Barley, but is naked bare, and cleane, and commeth foorth easily from his eare like wheate and Rye.

[ 4] Yet there is another kinde, whiche some do call Douche Rysz, the same in his straw, ioyntes, and in his long bearded eares doth much resemble Barley. It hath also his graynes or cornes inclosed in chaffie huskes, lyke to Barley, but it is whiter then Barley.

❀ The Place.

[ 1.2] Barley is common in all Countries, and it loueth good grounde and fertile soyle.

[ 3] The naked or hulled Barley groweth in some places of Fraunce, as about Paris.

[ 4] That which is called Douch Rysz, is sowen in some places of Almaigne, as in Westerich.

❀ The Tyme.

Men do sowe the great Barley in September, and they mowe or cut it in Iuly, and sometime in Iune.

The lesser or common Barley is sowen in the spring time, and is ripe in Au∣gust.

❀ The Names.

Barley is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Hordeum: in Frenche Orge: in Douche Gerst.

[ 1] The great Barley is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Hordeum Canthe∣rinum: in high Douche Grosz Gerst: in base Almaigne Groote Gerste. I take this for Beare Barley,

[ 2] The lesser Barley is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Galatinum Hordeum: in high Douch Fuder Gerst: in base Almaigne Voeder Gerste.

[ 3] The third kinde (as witnesseth Ruelius) is called Hordeum mundum, and may be wel called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Gymnocrithon, that is to say in Latine Hordeum nudum, as Galen setteth foorth in his booke Dealiment faculta.

[ 4] Hierome Bock nameth the fourth kinde Teutsch Rysz, that is to say in La∣tine Oriza Germanica. It should seeme to the eye, to be a kinde of Far, especially that Far Clusinum, which resembleth muche Santalum Plinij. It shoulde seeme also to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Olyra, of Dioscorides, whiche is called in Latine not Siligo, but Arinca: in Englishe Rise.

❀ The Nature.

Barley is colde and drie in the first degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Barley meale boyled with figges in honied water dissolueth hoate and cold tumours, and it doth soften and rype all hard swellinges with Pitche, Rosen, and Pigeons dongue.

[ B] The same mingled with Tarre, Oyle, Waxe, & the Vrine of a young childe doth digest, soften, and ripe the harde swellinges of the Necke, called in Latine Strumae.

[ C] The same with Melilote and the heades of Poppie swageth the ache of the side, and with Lineseede, Fenugreck, and Rue, it is good to be layd vpon the belly against the paynes and windinesse of the guttes.

[ 1] [ D] Barley giuen with Mirtels, or wine, or wilde tarte peares, or with Bram∣bles, or with the barke of Pomgarnet, stoppeth the running of the belly.

[ 2] [ E] They make a playster with Barley meale against the scurffe and leprie.

[ F] The same mingled with vineger or Quinces swageth the hoate inflamma∣tions of the gowt, and if it be boyled with vineger and Pitche, and layd about the ioyntes, it stayeth the humours from falling into them.

[ G] It is also vsed in meates, and bread is made of it, the which doth not nou∣rish so wel as the bread made of wheate or spelt.

Of Mill / or Millet. Chap. ix.

[illustration]

Milium.

[illustration]

Lachryma Iob.

❀ The Description.

MIllet hath a hearie stalke, with seuen or eight knottes or ioyntes. The leaues be long and like the leaues or blades of Polereede: at the highest of the stemmes come foorth the bushie eares, very muche seuered and parted, like the plume or feather of the Cane or Polereede, almost lyke a brushe or besome to sweepe withall, in whiche groweth the seede, very rounde and playne almost like to lineseede, but that it is not so blacke.

For one kinde of Milium is likewise taken of some, that which is named La∣chrima Iob, and it hath many knottie stalkes, about a foote and a halfe high, and thereon broade reede leaues, betweene the whiche commeth foorth round fruite vpon thinne stalkes, about the bignesse of a pease, thereof come foorth small eares. The rootes haue strong threddie stringes.

❀ The Place.

Mill loueth a moyst and claye ground, it groweth abundantly in Italy and Spayne.

Lachryma Iob is in this Countrie strange, and is found only in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

They sowe it in the spring time, and it is ripe in somer, it may be kept along time, euen a hundred yeres, so it be kept from the winde.

❀ The Names.

This plant is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine of the Apothecaries Miliū: in English Mill, Millet, and Hirse: in Frenche Mil, or Millet: in high Douche Hirsen: in neather Douchlande Hirs, or Milie. What other name Lachryma Iob hath, is vnknowen vnto vs.

❀ The Nature.

Millet is colde in the first degree, and drie almost in the third degree, and of subtill partes.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Millet parched in a frying panne, and well heated and made warme, and put vp into a bagge, and so layde to the belly, doth helpe the gripinges & gnaw∣ing paynes of the same: and swageth all paynes, and aches, especially of the si∣newes: and is good to dry vp that which requireth to be dried, being most con∣uenient to drie, and comfort the brayne.

[ B] For want of other corne men may make bread of Millet, the which bindeth the belly, and prouoketh vrine: but it nourisheth litle, and is very leane or slen∣der.

Of Turkie Corne / or Indian Wheate. Chap. x.

❀ The Kindes.

TUrkish wheate is of one, and of many sortes. A man shall not finde in this Countrie (in fashion and growing) more then one kind, but in collour the seede or grayne doth muche differ: for one beareth a browne grayne or Corne, the other a red, the thirde a yellowe, and the fourth a white Corne or grayne. The which colour doth likewise remayne both in the eares & flowers.

❀ The Description.

THis Corne is a marueilous strange plante, nothing resembling any other kinde of grayne: for it bringeth foorth his seede cleane contrarie from the place where as the flowers growe, which is agaynst the nature and kindes of all other plantes, whiche bring foorth their fruite there, where as they haue borne their flower. This corne beareth a high helme or stemine, & very long, rounde, thicke, firme, and belowe towardes the roote of a brownishe colour, with sun∣drie knottes and ioyntes, from the whiche dependeth long, and large leaues, like the leaues of spiere or Polereede: at the highest of the stalkes, growe idle and barren eares, whiche bring foorth nothing but the flowers or blossomes, which are sometimes browne, sometimes redde, sometimes yellow, and some∣times white, agreable with the colour of the fruit which commeth foorth after∣warde.

The fruitefull eares do growe vppon the sides of the stemmes amongst the leaues, the which eares be great and thicke and couered with many leaues, so that one cannot see the sayde eares, vpon the vppermost part of y^e sayde eares there grow many long hearie threddes, which issue foorth at the endes or pointes of the leaues couering the eare, and do shewe them selues, about the time that the fruit or eare waxeth ripe. The grayne or seede which groweth in the eares, is about the quantitie or bignesse of a pease of colour in the outside sometimes browne, some∣time red, and sometime white, and in the inside it is in colour white, and in taste sweet, growing orderly about the eares, in niene or tenne ranges or rewes.

❀ The Place.

This grayne groweth in Turkie wher¦as it is vsed in the time of dearth.

❀ The Tyme.

It is sowen in Aprill, and ripe in Au∣gust.

❀ The Names.

They do nowe call this grayne Fru∣mentum Turcicum, and Frumētum Asia∣ticum: in Frenche Blé de Turquie, or Blé Sar∣razin: in high Douche Turkie Korn: in base Almaigne Torckschcoren: in En∣glishe Turkish Corne, or Indian wheate.

[illustration]

Frumentum Turcicum. Turkish or Indian wheate.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

[ A] There is as yet no certaine experience of the natural vertues of this corne.

[ B] The bread that is made thereof is drie and harde, hauing very small fat∣nesse or moysture, wherefore men may easily iudge, that it nourisheth but litle, and is euill of digestion, nothing comparable to the bread made of wheate, as some haue falsly affirmed.

Of petie Panick / Phalaris grise / grasse corne. Chap. xi.

❀ The Description.

PHalaris hath a rounde strawe or helme, with three or foure ioyntes, the leaues be narrowe and grassie, lyke the blades of Spelt or wheate but smaller and shorter, vppon the sayde strawe groweth a short thicke eare, and clustered or gathered togither. it bringeth foorth a seede lyke vnto Mill, and in fashion lyke to Line seede.

¶ The Place.

This seede groweth in Spayne, and in the Iles of Canarie. And is onely sowen in this Countrie of the Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

It is ripe in this Countrie in Iuly and August.

❧ The Names.

This seede is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: & likewise in Latine Pha∣laris: of some Douchmē Spaensch saet, and Saet van Canarien, that is to say, Spanishe or Cana∣rie seede, some Apothecaries do sell it for Millet. Turner calleth it Petie Panicke.

❧ The Nature.

In complexion, it is much like to Millet.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The iuyce of Phalaris dronken with water, is good agaynst the payne or greefe of the bladder.

And a spoenfull of the seede made into powder is good to be taken for the same purpose.

Of Panicke. Chap. xij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] PAnicke commeth vp lyke Millet, but his leaues are sharpet & rougher. It hath a rounde stemme or straw ful of knottie ioyntes, for the most part sixe, or seuen knottes vppon one stemme, and at euery knot a large narrow leafe. The eares be round, and hanging somwhat downewardes, in the which groweth smal seede, not muche vnlike the seede of Millet, of colour sometimes yellowe, and sometimes white.

[illustration]

Phalaris.

[ 2] There is also founde another plant like vnto Panicke, the which some hold for a kind of Panicke, the Italians do cal it Sorghi. This strange grayne hath foure or fiue high stemmes, which are thicke, knottie, and somwhat brownish, beset with long sharpe leaues, not muche vnlike the leaues of Spier or Poole reede, at the vppermost part of the stalkes, ther grow thicke brownered eares, greater & thicker then the eares of Panick, the which at the first do bring forth a yellow flower, & afteward a round reddish sede, of the quantitie of a lentil, & somwhat sharpe or pointed.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] Panick is not much knowen in this Countrie, it groweth in some places of Italie and France, and it loueth grauel and sandy ground, it desyreth not much raine or moysture: for when it rayneth muche, it maketh the leaues to loll and hang downewarde, as Theophrastus writeth.

[ 2] The Indian Panick is also a strange sede, & is not found in this Countrie, but in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] Men do sow Panick in the spring of the yere, and it is cut downe againe (in hoate Countries) fourtie dayes after. The Gascons do sowe it after they haue sowē their other corne, yet for al that, it is ripe before winter, as Ruelius saith. In this Countrie when it is sowen in April, it is ripe in Iuly.

[illustration]

Panicum. Panik.

[illustration]

Sorghi. Melica. Indian Panick.

[ 2] Also the Indian Panicke is sowen in the spring time, and ripe at the ende of sommer.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] Panick is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: of Theophraste also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Panicum: and nowe a dayes in Italian Melica: in high Douche Feuch, Fenich, and Heydelpfenich: in base Almaigne Panickoren.

[ 2] The Indian Panick is nowe called of some Italians Melegua, or Melega, of some others, Saggina, and Sorgho▪ in Latine Melica Sorghi, Milium Saburrum, and of some Panicum peregrinum: of the Almaignes Sorgsamen: of the Bra∣banders Sorgsaet. It is very lyke that this is Milium Indicum, whiche as Plinie writeth, was first knowen in the time of the Emperour Nero.

¶ The Nature.

Panick is colde and drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede of Panick dronke with wine, cureth the dangerous and blooddy flixe, and taken twise a day boyled in Goates milke, it stoppeth the laske, and the gnawinges or gripins of the belly.

[ B] They make bread of Panick, as of Millet, but it nourisheth, and bindeth lesse then the bread of Millet.

[ C] The Indian Panick is like the other Panick in operation and vertue.

Of Otes. Chap. xiij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] OTes (as Dioscorides saith) in grassie leaues, and knottie straw or motes, are somwhat like to wheate: at y^e vpper part of the strawes growe the eares, diuided into many small springes or stemmes, displayed and spread abroade farre one from another, vppon the which stemmes or small branches the grayne hangeth sharpe poin∣ted alwayes togither, well couered with his huske.

[ 2] There is an other kinde of Otes, whiche is not so inclosed in his huskes as y^e other is, but is bare, and without huske whan it is thresshed.

[ 3] Also there is a barren Ote, of some called the purre Otes, of others wilde Otes.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] Otes are very common in this Countrie, and are sowen in al places in the feeldes.

[ 2] The pilde Otes are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes. Turner saith they growe in Sussex.

[ 3] The Purwottes or wilde Otes, commeth vp in many places amongst wheate and without sow∣ing.

❀ The Tyme.

Otes are sowen in the spring time, and are ripe in August.

❧ The Names.

[ 1] Otes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Auena: in high Douche Habern: in base Almaigne Hauer: in Frenche Auoyne.

[ 2] The seconde kinde may be called in Englishe, Pilcorne, or pylde Otes.

[ 3] Turner calleth the thirde kinde by the Greeke name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine Auena sterilis: whiche you may see described in the xvj. Chapter of this fourth booke.

❀ The Nature.

Otes do drie much, and are of complexion som∣what colde, as Galien saith.

[illustration]

Auena.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Otes are good to be put in playsters and Cataplasmes wherein Barley is vsed, men may also vse the meale of Otes in steede of Barley meale, foras∣muche as Otes (as Galen saith) do drie and digest without any biting acri∣monie.

[ B] Oten meale tempered with vineger, driueth away the Lentiles and spots of the face.

[ C] The same taken in meate stoppeth the belly.

[ D] Oten bread nourisheth but litle, and is not very agreable or meete for man∣kinde.

Of Gockwheate. Chap. xiiij.

❀ The Description.

BOckwheate hath round stalkes chauellured and fluted (or fo∣rowed and crested) of a reddishe colour, about the height of two foote or more: The leaues are broade and sharpe at the endes, not muche vnlyke the leaues of Iuie or com∣mon Wythiwinde. It putteth foorth shorte stemmes, aswell on the sides as on the top of the stalkes, vpon the said short stemmes there growe many white flowers in tuftes or clu∣sters, after the said flowers commeth the sede, which is triangled and gray, enclosed in a litle felme or skinne, lyke the seede of blacke binde∣weede, described in the third part of the histo∣rie of plantes.

❀ The Place.

They sow it in leane and drie ground, and is very common in the landes of Brabant cal∣led Kempene.

❀ The Tyme.

It is sowen in the spring tyme, & in somer after the cutting downe of Corne, and is ripe niene or ten weekes after.

[illustration]

Fegopyron. Tragopyron.

❀ The Names.

This kind of grayne and plant is called in Frenche Dragée aux cheueaux: in high Douche Heydenkorne: in base Almaigne Bockweydt, after whiche name it may be en∣glished Bockwheat, The Authour of this worke calleth it Tragopyrō, certaine others do call it in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and in Latine Fagotriticum, which is not O••ymum, described by Columel, as we haue sufficiently declared in the fourth booke of our Historie of Plantes, where as we haue in lyke manner declared howe it was vnknowen of the Auncientes. I thinke this to be the grayne called in some places of Englande Bolimonge.

¶ The Nature.

This seede without fayle is indued with no heate, and is not very drie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The meale of Bockewheate is vsed with water to make pappe, whitpottes and great cakes of light digestion, whiche do lightly lose the belly, and prouoke vrine, yet they be but of small nourishment.

[ B] The bread which men do make of this grayne is moyst, & sharpe or sower, without any great nourishing.

[ C] It hath none other vertue that I knowe, sauing that they giue the greene herbe as fodder and fourrage for cattell, and they feede hennes and chickens with the seede, which doth make them fat in short space.

Of Iuray or Darnell. Chap. xv.

❀ The Description.

IVray is a vitious grayne that com∣bereth or anoyeth corne, especially wheat, and in his knottie Strawe, blades, or leaues is like vnto wheate, but his eares do differ both from wheat and Rye eares, for they are diuided into many small eares growing vppon the sides at the toppe of the straw, in the whiche small eares the seede is conteyned, in proportiō almost lyke wheate cornes, but muche smaller.

¶ The Place.

Iuray for the most part grow∣eth amongst wheate, and some∣times it is also founde amongst Barley, especially in good lande, where as wheate hath growen before.

❀ The Tyme.

It waxeth ripe with y^e wheate and other corne.

[illustration]

Lolium.

¶ The Names.

This plant is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. in Latine Lolium: of the Arabians Zizania: in Frenche Yuraye, or Gasse. in Englishe it is also called Iuraye, Darnell, and Rayne.

❀ The Nature.

Iuray is hoate euen almost in the thirde degree, and drye in the seconde.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The meale of Iuray layde on with Salt and Radish rootes, doth stay and keepe backe wilde Scurffes, and corrupt and fretting sores.

[ B] The same with sulfer and vineger, cureth the spreading scabbe, and leprie, or noughtie scurffe, when it is layde thereon.

[ C] The same with Pigeons dongue, oyle, and lineseede, boyled & layde play∣sterwise vpon wennes, and such harde tumours, doth dissolue and heale them.

[ D] It draweth foorth also al splinters, thornes, and shiuers, and doth ripe and open tumours and impostemes.

[ E] If it be sodden with Mede, or as Plinie saith Oximel, it is good to be layd to, to swage the payne of the gowte Sciatique.

[ F] They lay it to the forehead with birdes grease, to remoue and cure the head∣ache.

[ G] It is also founde by experience, that Iuray put into Ale or Bier causeth dronkennesse and troubleth the brayne.

Of Pour Otes Festuca and Melampyrum. Chap. xvi.

[illustration]

Aegilops. Pour Otes.

[illustration]

Festuca altera. Drauick wilde Otes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] POur Otes or wilde Otes, are in leaues and knottie strawes like vnto common Otes, the eares be also spread abroade, like to the common Otes. The graine is blackishe & rough heared, inclosed in hearie huskes, eche one hauing a long bearde or barbe. This is a hurtfull plant as well to the Rye as other corne.

[ 2] Festuca, or as the Douchmen call it Drauick, is also a hurtfull plant, hauing his leaues and strawe not much vnlyke Rye, at the top whereof growe spreading eares, wherein is conteyned a small seede of grayishe colour, inclosed in litle skinnes or small huskes, muche lesse and smaller then any other kinde of corne or grayne.

[ 3] Ye may wel place with these, that herbe or plant which of the Brabanders is called Peertsbloemen, that is to say, Horse flower, whose description you may see in the second booke Chapter xiiij. placed with those wild flowers, that growe amongst corne: for his seede is lyke to wheat, and a hurtful or noysome weede to corne, especially to wheate, as Galen saith.

¶ The Place.

You shal finde much of this geare amongst Rye, and oftentimes amongst wheate and Barley.

❀ The Names.

The first is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Aegilops, and according to

Plinie Festuca: in English Wilde Otes, or Pour Otes.

[ 2] The seconde is called in high Douche Dort: in Neather Douchlande Drauick: it may be also very well called in Latine Festuca, or Festuca al∣tera: in Englishe Wilde Otes, or Drauick.

❀ The Nature.

Pour Otes are hoate, as Galen testifieth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The greene leaues layde to, with the meale of th the seede of Pour Otes (if it be Aegilops) is good to heale hollowe vlcers called Fistulas, especially those whiche are in the corners of the Eyes, called Aegilopes.

[ B] The same sodden with Ale or Bier, causeth the head to be dul and heauy, after a dronken sort or manner, like to Iuraye, and the seede of the same grayne which the Brabanders call Peerts∣bloemen.

[illustration]

Melampyrū Blacke wheat. Cow wheat or Horse flower.

Of Blight or Brantcorne. Chap. xvij.

❀ The Description.

VStilago is a certayne disease, or in∣firmitie, that happeneth vnto suche fruits as ebare eares, but especially vnto Otes. This kinde of plante, before it shuteth out in eare is very lyke vnto Otes, but when it begin∣neth to put foorth his eare, in steede of a good care, there commeth vp a blacke burnt eare, ful of blacke dust or powder.

❀ The Place.

It groweth most commonly (as is beforesaid) amongst Otes, and sometimes amongst wheate.

❀ The Tyme.

It is founde most commonly in Aprill, when as the Sonne shineth very hoate, & after a rayne folowing.

❀ The Names.

This barren and vnfruitefull herbe is nowe called Vstilago, that is to say, Burned, or Bligh∣ted: in French Brulure: in high and base Almaigne Brant.

❀ The Nature, and faculties.

Vstilago hath no good propertie in Phisicke, and serueth to no manner of good purpose, but is rather a hurt or maladye to all Corne.

[illustration]

Vstilago.

Of Beanes. Chap. xviij.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere be two sortes of beanes. The one sort is commonly sowen, the other is wild. The cōmon or manured beane, is diuided againe into two sortes, that is: great, and smal.

[illustration]

Phaselus satiuus. Sowen Beanes.

[illustration]

Phaselus syluestris. Wilde Beanes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great sowen Beane hath a square stalke, vpright, and hollowe. The leaues growe vpon short stemmes standing vpon both sides of the stalkes one against another, and are long & thicke. The flowers grow vpon the sides of the stalke, and are white with a great blacke spot in them and somtimes a browne. After which flowers there come vp long coddes, great and round, soft within, & frised, or cottonlike. In the sayd coddes the beanes are inclosed, of colour most commonly white, sometimes redde or browne, in fashion flat, almost lyke to the nayle of a mans finger or toe.

[ 2] The lesser beane that is vsed to be sowen, is like to the aforesayd, in stalkes, leaues, flowers, and woolly coddes, sauing that in all pointes it is lesser. The fruite also is nothing so flat, but rounder and smaller.

[ 3] The wilde beane hath also a square holow stalke, as the garden and sowen beanes haue. The leaues be also like to the common beane leaues, but the litle stemmes, whereon the leaues do growe, haue at the very ende tendrelles and claspers, as the pease leaues haue. The flowers be purple. The coddes are flat,

and woolly within, as it were laid with a soft Downe or Cotton, but nothing so much as the coddes of the common sowen beanes. The fruite is all rounde and very blacke and no bigger then a good pease, of a strong vnpleasant sauor, and when it is chewed, it filleth the mouth full of stinking matter.

❀ The Place.

The domesticall, or husbandly beanes, do growe in feeldes and gardens where as they be sowen or planted. The wilde is to be founde amongst the Herboristes: and groweth of his owne kinde in Languedoc.

❀ The Tyme.

They are planted and sowen in Nouember, Ianuary, February and April, and are ripe in Iune and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

Beanes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, of Dioscorides also Phasioli: in Latine Faseli: nowe a dayes they be called in Shoppes, and commonly Fabae: in high and base Almaigne Bonen.

[ 1] The great kinde is called in Latine Phaselus maior, or Faselus satiuus maior: in Douche, Groote Boonen: in English, Great Beanes, and garden Beanes.

[ 2] The other may be well called Faseli minores, that is to say, The smaller Beane, in Brabant Zeeusche Boonkens, and Peerde Boonkens. That the common Beane is not that kind of pulse called of the Auncientes Cyamos, and Faba, hath ben sufficiently declared, In Historia nostra.

[ 3] The wilde kinde may well be called in Latine Faselus syluestris, and Faselus niger, that is to say, The wilde Beane, and the blacke Beane: in Douch, Wilde Boonen, and Swerte Boonen, or Moorkens, as some do cal them. This may well be that Pulse whiche is called Cyamos, and Faba.

❀ The Nature.

Greene beanes before they be rype, are colde, and moyst: but when they be drie they haue power to binde and restrayne.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The greene and vnripe Beanes eaten, do loose & open the belly very gently, but they be windy, & engender ventosities (as Dioscorides saith.) The which is well knowen of the common sortes of people, and therefore they vse to eate their beanes with Commine.

[ B] Drie Beanes do stop & binde the belly, especially when they be eaten with∣out their huskes or skinnes: and they nourishe but litle, as Galen saith.

[ C] Beane meale layde to outwardly in manner of a Cataplasme or playster, dissolueth tumours and swellinges. And is very good for the vlcers and in∣flammation of womens pappes, and against the mishappes and blastings of the genitors.

[ D] The wilde Beane serueth to no vse, neither for meate nor medicine, That I knowe.

Of Kidney Beane / or garden Smilax. Chap. xix.

❀ The Description.

GArden Smilax hath long and small branches, growing very high, gri∣ping, and taking holdfast when they be succoured with rises or long poles, about the whiche, they wrappe and winde them selues, as the Hoppe, otherwise they lye flat and creepe on the ground, & beare no fruite at all. The leaues be broade almost like Iuie, growing three and three togither as the Trefoil or three leaued grasse. The flowers be somtimes white and sometimes red, after the flowers there come in their places long coddes,

which be somtimes crooked, and in them lye the sedes or fruit, smaller then the common beane, and flat fashioned lyke to a kidney of colour somtimes red, som∣times, yellow, somtimes white, somtimes blacke, & sometimes gray, & speckled with sundrie colours. This fruit is good and pleasant to eate, in so much that men gather and boyle thē before they be ripe, and do eate them coddes and all.

❀ The Place.

In this Countrie men plant this kind of Beanes in gardens, & they loue good grounde and places that stande well in the Sonne.

❀ The Tyme.

They are planted in Aprill after that the colde and frostes be past: for at their first comming vp, they can by no meanes at all indure colde. They are ripe in Au∣gust and September.

¶ The Names.

This kinde of Beanes are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Faseolus, Dolichus, and Smilax hortensis. The coddes or fruite are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is in Latine Siliquae, and Lobi: of Serapio Lubia: in Frenche Phaseoles. in high Douch Welsch Bonen: in base Al∣maigne Roomsche Boonen: in Englishe of Turner it is called Kidney beane, and Sperage, of some they are called Faselles, or Long Peason, it may be also named Garden Smilax, or Romaine Beanes.

[illustration]

Phaseolus.

❀ The Nature.

Kidney beanes are somewhat hoate and moyst of Complexion, after the opinion of the Arabian Physitions.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Kidneybeanes do nourishe meetely well, and without engendring win∣dinesse, as some other pulses do: also they do gently loose and open the belly, as Hipocrates and Diocles do write.

[ B] The fruite and Coddes boyled and eaten before they be ripe, do prouoke vrine, and cause dreames, as Dioscorides sayth.

Of Pease or Peason. Chap. xx.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere be three kindes of Peason, the great, the meane, & the smal, the which are lyke one another, in stalkes, leaues, flowers and coddes, but not in fruite, as ye may perceaue hereafter.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great branched Peason, are not muche knowen in this Coun∣trey. They growe when they be stayed vp, by rises, stakes, or other helpes to the length of a man, or higher. The stalkes be rounde and holowe, and somewhat cornered, as big as a finger, vpon the which

at euery knot there growe two leaues, very well closed and ioyned togither, as if it were but one leafe: amongst the leaues growe smal stemmes, the which haue foure or fiue grosse or fatte leaues set directly opposite, one against ano∣ther, hauing at the ende foure or fiue griping or ramping claspers, whereby the Pease doth take holde, and is stayed vp, and fastened to such thinges as it stan∣deth by. Adioyning harde to the stemmes of the leaues aforesayd, there growe other naked and bare stemmes, vpō the which grow pleasant flowers of blew or purple colour. After the sayde flowers there come vp long coddes, rounde, playne, and shining, hanging downewardes, in which the Peason are couched and layde, the whiche beyng yet but greene, are rounde and whitishe, but when they be drie, they are gray and cornered.

[illustration]

Pisum. Great Peason. Branche Peason.

[illustration]

Ochros. Eruilia. Middle Peason.

[ 2] The seconde sorte whiche are the common pease, is muche like to the afore∣sayde, but that his leaues and branchie stalkes, are smaller, neyther do they growe so high, although they be stayed vp and succoured with bowes or bran∣ches. The flowers are most commonly white, the fruite is rounde and white, and remayneth rounde whan it is drie.

[ 3] The thirde, whiche is the least kinde, is lyke vnto the seconde, sauing that it is much smaller in leaues, stalkes, coddes and fruite. It is suffered for the most part to lye vppon the grounde in the feeldes, without any stay or helpe of bran∣ches or bowes. The fruite thereof is lykewise rounde, of colour sometimes white, sometimes greene, and sometimes gray or blackish.

[ 4] Besides the aforesayde kindes, there is yet a certayne kind of Pease lyke vnto the wilde or least kinde. It hath flat stalkes, the leaues are long with clasping tendrels at the endes, whole beneath next to the stemme, but at the toppe of the branches, the leaues are clouen and diuided into two or three small narrowe leaues, almost lyke the leaues of Cicercula, (whiche Turner calleth Cicheling.) The flowers are white, after the which flowers there come vp round coddes or huskes, lesser then pease-coddes, within them groweth the fruite, which is rounde lyke vnto Pease, sauing it is lesser, and in taste bitter, while it is yet greene, & very harde when it is drie.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The great and branched Peason are planted in gardens: but the midle and least kind are sowen and planted in fruitful feeldes, and are very com∣mon in this Countrie.

[ 2] The Herb oristes do sow the wild kinde in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

Men plant them in Marche and Aprill, and they be rype in August.

[illustration]

Eruilia syluestris. Wilde Peason.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The branche Peason are called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Pisum: in Brabant Groote Erweten, Roomsche Erweten, and of some Stock Erweten. This kinde is the right Pisum, described of Plinie and the Auncientes: in Englishe Great Peason, Garden Peason, and Branche Peason, bycause, as I thinke, they must be holpen or stayed vp with branches.

[ 2.3.] The two other kindes are called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine of Plinie Eruiliae: in French Pois in high Douch Erweyssen: in base Almaigne Erweten: in Ita∣lian Rouiglione: at Veniz Pisareli: in Englishe, Common Peason.

[ 4] The fourth is very wel like to be a kinde of wilde pease, and especially that kinde whereof Hermolaus Barbarus writeth, calling it Eruilia syluestris, that is to sayde wilde Peason.

❀ The Nature, and Vertues.

[ A] Branche Peason being eaten do nourish meanely, engender windinesse, but not so muche as the pulse whiche the Auncientes call Faba.

[ B] The other rounde and common Pease are beter, and do nourish better then the great or branched Peason, and they do lose and open the belly gently.

Of the Cicheling or flat Peason. Chap. xxi.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Cichelinges, the great and the small, or garden and wilde Cichelinges.

[illustration]

Lathyrus Cicercula. Cicheling or brode Peason.

[illustration]

Lathyrus syluestris. Wilde Cicheling.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe Cicheling or flat pease, hath flat and crested stalkes: the leaues be long and narrow, standing vpward, almost like the two eares of a Hare, with Clasping tendrelles, by the which they take holde by poles and branches that are set by thē. The flowers be white lyke the flowers of branche Peason, after them come flat coddes, & large, wherein is a white fruite, large, flat, & vneuenly cornered hauing almost the sent or smell of the pease. The roote is tender and threddy.

[ 2] The lesser Cicheling is like to the aforesaid, in stalkes leaues & coddes. The flowers are reddish. The fruit is also flat, vneuenly cornered as the great kind, but it is smaller, harder, and of a more browne colour, drawing towardes blacke.

[ 3] There is also founde a wilde kinde of this pulse much lyke to the aforesayd in the flatnesse of the stalkes, and in his long and narrowe leaues. The whiche in like manner bringeth foorth reddish flowers, and afterward narrow coddes, wherin is conteyned a small browne seede, round and hard. The roote is great and thicke, of a wooddy substance, and dieth not, but putteth foorth new euery yere.

¶ The Place.

[ 1.2] These pulses are found in this Countrie, amōgst some diligent Herboristes.

[ 3] The wild groweth in hedges, and in the borders of feeldes, in good & fertill ground, and is found in great plentie about Louayne and Brussels.

❀ The Tyme.

These Pulses do flower in Iune, and are ripe in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first and greatest kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Lathyrus: of Colu∣mella and Paladius Cicercula. Turner calleth it a Cicheling.

[ 2] The seconde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Aracus: in Latine Cicera They are both called in Frenche Des Sars but they haue no Douche name that I knowe, yet the Authour of this booke in the last Douche copie by him corrected, calleth the first kinde in Douche Platte Erwten, that is to say in English, Broade or Flat Pease: not knowen of the Apothecaries.

❀ The Nature, and Vertues.

[ A] The first kinde is of nature and qualitie like vnto Pease, and doth meanely nourishe the body, as Galen saith.

[ B] The seconde is like to the first, as witnesseth the same Galen, sauing that it is harder, for whiche cause it ought to be longer boyled.

Of Chiche Peason. Chap. xxij.

❀ The Kyndes.

There be three kindes of Ciche Peason (as Dioscorides writeth) the do∣mestical or tame kinde, the square or cornered kinde, the which some do cal Arietinum, and the wilde Ciche, and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum, white, and blacke.

[illustration]

Cicer satiuum. Tame Ciches.

[illustration]

Cicer Arietinum. Sheepes Ciches.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse, almost like to a lentil, it hath foure or fiue branches, and therevpon small, narrowe, diuidid leaues, not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles. The flowers grow vpon short stemmes, small and somewhat whitishe, after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes, wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason, hauing a certayne bunch, hillock, or outgrowing by one side, not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason, but a great deale smal∣ler, and not so harde, and of a better taste.

[ 2] Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes, and harde with many branches, and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes, like the lentil or feche: growing di∣rectly or opposite one against the other, the flowers be either white or purple, and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes, bollen or swelling vp like small bladders, wherein growe two or three Peason cornered, and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head, in colour sometymes white, and sometimes blacke.

[ 3] The wild Ciche pease, in leaues are lyke to the tame, but they are of a ranke and strong sauour, and the fruite of another fashion (as Dioscorides saith) vn∣like the tame Ciches.

❀ The Place.

These Ciche Peason, are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

All the Ciches are ripe in August, like to the other sortes of pulse.

❀ The Names.

Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Cicer: in Frenche Cices▪ or Pois Cice.

[ 1] The first kind is called Cicer satiuum, Columbinum Venereū: and in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Orobiaeon, that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum: vnknowen in Shoppes. This is not Eruum, as many at this time do thinke, and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Cicer Arie∣tinum, that is to say, Sheepes Ciche pease: in Shoppes Cicer: in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason, in French Pois Ciches: in high Douch Zysern erweyssen: in base Almaigne Ciceren.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre, that is to say, Wilde Ciches.

❀ The Nature.

The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ 1] [ A] The domestical or tame Ciches, prouoke vrine, and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes, it taketh away the euyll colour, and causeth good colour to ensue.

[ B] The same boyled with Orobus (called in Englishe the bitter Fiche) doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie mem∣bers, if it be layde thereon: also men vse with great profite, to applie it to run∣ning sores, and vlcers of the head, and the scurffe.

[ C] The same mingled with Barley meale and honie, is good against corrupt and festred sores, and Canckers, being layde therevppon.

[ 2] [ D] Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine, and vnstoppe the Melt, the Liuer, and the kidneyes: and the decoction thereof drunken, breaketh the stone, and grauell.

[ E] To conclude, the Ciche peason do wast, clense, and make thinne, all cold and grosse humours, and are good agaynst all spreading sores, and the inflamma∣tions

and swellinges behinde the eares.

[ F] They do likewise nourish sufficiently, but they engender muche windinesse.

❧ The Danger.

The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration, in the kidneyes or bladder, for they be to much scouring, and do cause the vrine to be sharpe.

Of Lupines. Chap. xxiij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Lupines, the white or garden Lupine, and the wild Lupine. The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower, sometymes with a blewe flower, and sometimes with a reddishe flower.

[illustration]

Lupinus Satiuus.

[illustration]

Lupinus syluestris. Lupines.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes, standing vp∣right of him selfe, without any succour stay or helpe, eyther of bowes, or branches: and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers, then it parteth it selfe aboue, into three branches, which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers, euery of the sayde branches doth part and di∣nide them selues agayne into thrée branches, continuing so in flowers & parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes. The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe, or seuen partes. The flowers do grow many togither at the end, or parting of the stalkes, after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes, somwhat rough without. The fruit is white and flat like a cake, in taste very bitter.

[ 2] The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers, and is very like to the aforesayd, sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse, & his flowers are not white, but yellow, and the seede or fruite is not white, but spotted.

[ 3] The wilde Lupines, with the blewe and red flowers, are yet lesser then the yellow, the fruite is also marked or spotted, and it is the least of the Lupines.

❀ The Place.

The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens. The wilde with the blewe, do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier.

❀ The Tyme.

In warme Countries and hoate seasons, the Lupine flowreth three times a yere. The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May, afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out, the whiche three branches do like∣wise flower about the beginning of Iuly. The sayd collaterall bowes or bran∣ches, do agayne bring foorth three other branches, & they do flower in August, where as they be well placed in the Sonne. The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie, but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse, except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer.

❀ The Names.

This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine and in Shoppes, Lupinus: in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines: in high Douche Feigbonen: in base Almaigne Lupinen, and Vijchboonen.

The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus, that is to say, The manured or garden Lupine.

The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines, in Latine Lupini sylue∣stres: and these be not vsed in medicine.

❀ The Nature.

The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree, it hath vertue to digest, make subtil, and to clense.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The meale of Lupines taken with hony, or els with water and vineger, doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes. The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines, when it is dronken. And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting.

[ B] Men giue the decoction of Lupins, boyled with Rue and Pepper, to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt.

[ C] Apessarie made of Lupins, Mirrhe, and Hony mingled togither, moo∣ueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers, and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth.

[ D] She decoction of Lupines doth beautifie the colour of the face, and driueth away all frekles, and spottes like lentils. The meale thereof is of the like ver∣tue, mingled with water and layde therto.

[ E] The flower or meale of Lupines, with the meale of parched barley & water swageth all impostumations and swellinges.

[ F] The same with vineger, or boyled in vineger, swageth the payne of the Sciatica, it digesteth, consumeth and dissolueth the kinges euill or swelling in the throte, it openeth and bursteth wennes, botches, boyles, and pestilential or plague sores.

[ G] Lupins may be eaten, when as by long soking in water they are become sweete, and haue lost their bitternesse: for when they be so prepared, they take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke, and the desyre to vomit, and do cause good appetite. Yet for all that this kinde of foode or nourishment, engendreth

grosse blood, and grosse humours. For Lupins are harde to digest, and vneasie to descende, as Galen saith.

[ H] The wilde Lupins haue the lyke vertue, but more strong.

Of the bitter Veche called in Greeke Orobos, and in Latine Eruum. Chap. xxiiij.

❀ The Description.

ERuum or the bitter Fetche is nowe vnknowen, and therefore we can geue none other description, but so much as is written in Dioscorides and Galen. They say that Orobos, or Eruilia is a small plant, bearing his fruit in coddes, round, of a white or yellowish colour, of a strange and vnpleasant taste, so that they serue not to be eaten, but of cattel, neither wil cattell feede vpon them, before that with long soking or stieping in water, their vnpleasant taste be gone and lost: wherefore it is very easie to iudge, that the flat Pease called in Greeke Lathyri, and described in the xxj. Chapter of this booke, are not Ers or Eruilia, as some haue thought: for those flat Peason are in taste lyke the common Peason, as we haue before declared.

❧ The Names.

This pulse is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Eruum: and the Frenchmen folowing the Latine name, do cal it Ers: in Douche Eruen: in Englishe Bitter Vetche, or Ers.

❀ The Nature.

Ers are hoate in the first degree, and drie in the seconde.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The meale of Eruum often licked in with hony in maner of a Lohoch, clen∣seth the breast, and cutteth and ripeth grosse and tough humours, falling vpon the lunges.

[ B] It loseth the belly, prouoketh vrine, maketh a man to haue a good colour, if it be taken in reasonable quantitie: for to muche thereof is hurtfull.

[ C] With honie it scoureth away lentiles or freckles from the face, and all o∣ther spottes and scarres from the bodie. It stayeth spreading vlcers: it doth soften the hardnesse of womens breastes, it breaketh Carboncles and impo∣stumes.

[ D] Being kneded or tempered with wine, it is layde very profitably vnto the bitinges of dogges, of men, and wilde beastes.

[ E] The decoction of the same, helpeth the itche, and kibed heeles, if they be wa∣shed therein.

[ F] Ers are neuer taken in meate, but it fatteth oxen well.

❧ The Danger.

Ers or Orobos being vsed often, and in to great a quantitie causeth head∣ache, and heauie dulnesse, it bringeth foorth blood, both by the vrine, and excre∣mentes of the belly.

Of the Vetche. Chap. xxv.

THe Vetche hath stalkes of a sufficient thicknesse, and square about the heigh of three foote, with leaues displayed & spread abroad, compassed about with many smal leaues, set opposite one direetly against another: at the ende of whiche leaues, ye haue tendrelles or claspers wherby it taketh hold and is stayed vp. The flowers are purple and fashioned like the Beaneflowers, afterward there come vp long flat coddes, wherein are Vetches, which are flat and of a blackish colour.

❀ The Place.

They sowe Vetches in this Countrie, in the feeldes, for fourrage or prouender for Horses.

❀ The Tyme.

They be rype in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

This pulse is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Vicia: of some Osmūdi: in English a Vetche, or Vetches: in Frenche Vesse: in high Douche Wicken: in base Almaigne Vitsen. And that this is not Eruum, it appeareth euidently by that which is described in the former Chapter. This shoulde seeme to be Theophrastus Aphace or Taare.

❀ The cause of the Name.

The Vetche, as Varro sayth, is called in Latine Vicia, bycause it bindeth it selfe a∣bout other plantes, and ouercometh them, and is deriued from this Latine worde (Vincire) whiche signifieth to binde sure, to ouercome and to restrayne from liber∣tie.

[illustration]

Vicia.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

The Vetche is not vsed in medicine, neyther vsed to be eaten of men, but to be giuen to Horses and other cattel, and this Galen doth also witnesse.

Of Arachus or wilde Fitche. Chap. xxvi.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] ARachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche, in stalkes, leaues, and coddes, but in all these muche lesse. The stalkes be tēder, weake and slēder with cornered trayles or square crested edges. The leaues are spread abroade like the other Vetche, but clouen and parted aboue at the endes, into two or three clasping tendrelles. The flowers be smal, of a light purple, or incar∣nate colour, and do growe vppon the stalke selfe, as the flowers of beanes or common Vetches do, without any foote stalkes. The coddes be small, long, and narrowe, wherein is couched sixe or seuen seedes, of a blackishe colour, harde, and smaller than Vetches.

[illustration]

Arachus.

[ 2] Of this forte there is found an other kinde, the which is very wel like to the abouesaid, in leaues and stalkes, but it is smaller. It hath smal white flowers growing clusterwise at the ende vpon long stems, almost like the wild Vetche, the whiche do turne into litle short huskes, clustering togither, smaller then the lentil huskes, in the whiche is founde, but onely two graynes, harde, rounde, gray speckled, blackish, in making and taste like to the Vetche.

❀ The Place.

These two kindes of Vetches do grow in the feeldes, amongst Rye & Otes, and other lyke graynes.

❀ The Tyme.

They are both ripe in Iune.

❀ The Names.

This plant is called of Galen, Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, A∣rachus, the whiche name is written by chin the last syllabe, as a difference from the other 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Aracus, written with ac, wherof we haue alredy treated. They call it in French Vesseron: in Brabant, Crock: in Englishe, Wilde Vetche.

❀ The Nature, and Vertues.

Arachus or the wild Vetche, is not fit for man, but serueth only for prouender or fourrage, for Bieues and horses, vnto whom the whole herbe is giuen.

Of smal wild Fetchelinges. Chap. xxvij.

[illustration]

Galega altera. Vetcheling or smal wild Fitches.

[illustration]

Onobrichis fortè, Medica Ruellij. Saint Foin. Medick Vetcheling.

[ 1] THE wild Vetche is much like Arachus, described in the former Chapt. in stalkes leaues and clasping tendrelles, but that his flowers grow not in the like order, but do grow

in tuffed clusters about long stemmes, almost like to spiked eares, of colour pur∣ple in blew, the which past & gone, there come vp litle flat huskes, wherin lieth the seede, like to the seede of Arachus.

[ 2] You may set by this wild Vetche, a certaine plant not much vnlike the afore∣sayd in leaues and growing, the whiche beareth rough and prickie buttons, or bosses. It doth not commonly growe in this Countrie, but planted in the gar∣dens of some Herboristes. This kind of plant hath leaues like to the other, but somwhat narrower, whiter & smother. His flowers do likewise growe thicke vpon long stemmes, commonly of acleare red or Crymsen colour. After whiche there come flat prickley round huskes, bossed or bunched, and somtimes fashio∣ned like a smal Hedgehogge, which is nothing els but the seede.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The wilde Vetche groweth in the borders of feeldes, in medowes, & often∣times in moyst places, and about water courses, and running streames.

[ 2] The other kind (for daintines sake) is planted in the gardens of the Herbo∣ristes of this Countrie. They say it groweth plentifully by the Sea side, vpon bankes or trenches made with mans handes, and such like places. They vse to sow it in medowes about Paris, and otherwhiles: it is found growing there of his owne accorde.

❀ The Tyme.

The wilde Vetche flowreth most commonly in Iune, and soone after it de∣liuereth his coddes and grayne.

The other flowreth in Iuly, and for the most part deliuereth his seede foorth∣with.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first should seeme to be Galega altera, & a kind of litle Vetches, & may also be wel called Arachus, & taken for a kinde of Arachus: in Frenche Vesce sauuage: in Douch Wilder Wicken: in neather Douchlande, Wilde Vitsen: in English Small wilde Vetches or Vitchelinges.

[ 2] The other is counted of some to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Onobrychis, of Ruelius for Me∣dica, they name it in Frenche Saint Foin: we may call it, Yellow Fitcheling, and Medick fitche.

❧ The Nature and Vertues.

[ A] The wilde Vetche is no better than Arachus, and therefore it serueth onely but for pasture, and feeding for cattell, as other like herbes do.

[ B] If the other be Onobrychis, you shall finde his properties described in the Chapter of Onobrychis.

Of Tares. Chap. xxviij.

❀ The Description.

THe Tare hath long, tender, square stalkes, longer and higher then the stalkes of the lentil, growing almost as high as the wheat or corne, or the other plantes whereamongst it groweth. The leaues be smal and tender (triangled like a scuchion) somwhat round, growing alwaies two togi∣ther, one against another at the ioyntes, betwixt the said leaues there grow vp clasping tendrels, & other smal stems or shutes, whervpon growe flowers, of a yellowish colour. The flowers past there rise coddes somewhat large, & longer then the coddes or huskes of the Lentiles, in whiche is conteyned fiue or sixe blacke seedes, harde, flat, and shining, lesser then the seedes of lentiles.

¶ The Place.

The Tare groweth in feeldes, & is found growing in this Countrie, in fertil groundes amongst wheat & Rye.

❀ The Tyme.

In this Countrie it flowreth in May, and in Iune and Iuly the seede with the coddes is ripe.

¶ The Names.

This kinde of Pulse is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Aphaca: in English,

Tares: vnknowen in shoppes, this is the Aphace of Dioscorides & Galen: for it should seeme, that the Vetche is the Aphace of Theophrastus.

❀ The Nature.

The Tare is temperate in heate, & of like nature to the Lentil: but drier.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Tare seede is of a restringent vertue like y^e Lentil, but more astrin∣gent, for it stoppeth the fluxe of the belly, and drieth vp the moysture of the stomacke.

[ B] The Tare in vertue is lyke to the Lentil.

[ C] Men in tyme past dyd vse to eate this pulse (as witnesseth Galen) ne∣uerthelesse it is harder of concoction or digestion, then the Lentil.

[illustration]

Aphaca.

Of Birdes foote. Chap. xxix.

❀ The Description.

BIrdes foote is lyke to Ara∣chus, & to the wilde Vetche, but far smaller. It hath very slender and small stalkes or branches, soft and tender, the leaues be smal and rounde, fashioned like to a small fether. The flowers be yellowishe and smal, growing close togither vpon huskes or stems, the which being withered, there commeth vp in their places small crooked huskes or coddes, growing fiue or sixe to∣gither, y^e which in their standing do shewe almost like the closing foote of a smal bird. Within the sayde litle crooked coddes the seede is inclosed, in fashion not much vn∣like Turnep seede.

❀ The Place.

Birdes foote groweth in certaine fields, and is likewise found in high medowes, & in drie grassie wayes & Countries. That which groweth in medowes, and grassie wayes, is a great deale smaller, then that which groweth amongst the corne.

❀ The Tyme.

Birdes foote flowreth from after the moneth of Iune, vntill September, and within this space it deliuereth his seede.

[illustration]

Ornithopodium.

❀ The Names.

This wild herbe is called in Brabant Voghelvoet, that is to say in English, Birdes foote, or Fowle foote, bycause his huskes or cods are lyke to a birdes foote, & for that cause men may wel cal it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Ornithopodion, for it hath none other Greke nor Latine name (that I know) except it be that Polygala of Dioscorides, as it may be called, wherevnto it is very like.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

This herbe is not vsed in medicine, nor reçeiued any wayes for mans vse, but is a very good foode both for horses and cattel.

Of Zentilles. Chap. xxx.

❀ The Description.

THe Lentil hath small tender and plyant branches, about a cubite high. The leaues be very smal, the which are pla∣ced two and two vppon litle stems, or small footestalkes, and do sometimes ende with clasping ten∣drelles, wherby it hitcheth fast and taketh sure hold. The flowers be smal, of a brow∣nishe colour, intermixt with white. The huskes or shelles are flat. The fruite is round and flat, of colour now blacke, now white, and sometimes browne.

❀ The Place.

The Lentil is not very wel knowen in this Countrie, but is founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

The Lentil doth both flower and waxe ripe in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

This Pulse is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Lens, and Lenticula, by whiche name it is knowen in Shoppes: in Englishe Lentilles: in Frenche Lentille: in high Douche Linsen.

[illustration]

Lens.

¶ The Nature.

The Lentil is drie in the seconde degree, the residue is temperate.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The first decoction of Lentilles doth lose the belly.

[ B] If after the first boyling you cast away the broth wherein they were sod∣den, and then boyle them agayne in a freshe water: then they binde togither and drie, and are good to stop the belly, and agaynst the blooddy flixe or dan∣gerous laske. also they stoppe the inordinate course of womens termes, but it wyll make their operation more effectual in stopping, if you put vineger vnto them, or Cichorie, or Purselayn, or redde Beetes, or Myrtilles, or the pill of Pomegarnates, or dried Roses, or Medlers, or Seruices, or vnripe bin∣ding Peares, or Quinces, or Plantayne, and whole Gawles, or the berries of Sumach.

[ C] The pill or shel of Lentiles hath the like propertie, and in operation, is of more force then the whole Lentil.

[ D] The meate that they vse to make of the husked or vnshelled lentil, drieth the stomacke, but it stoppeth not, and is of harde digestion, and engendreth grosse and noughtie blood.

[ E] They vse to swallow downe thirtie graines of Lentilles shelled, or spoyled from their huskes, against the weakenesse, and ouercasting of the stomacke.

[ F] The lentil boyled with parched barley meale, & laid to, swageth the paynes or ache of the gowte.

[ G] The meale of Lentiles, mixed with hony, doth mundifie and clense corrupt vlcers and rotten sores, and filleth them againe with newe flesh.

[ H] The same boyled in vineger, doth dissolue and driue away wennes, and harde swelling strumes.

[ I] With Melilot, a Quince & oyle of Roses, they helpe the inflammation of the eyes and fundement, and with sea water it is good against the hoate inflam∣mation called Erisipilas, S. Antonies fier, and suche lyke maladies.

[ K] The lentil boyled in salt (or sea) water, serueth as a remedie against clotted & clustered milke in womens breastes, & consumeth the abundant slowing of the same.

❧ The Danger ensuing the vse of this pulse.

The Lentil is of hard digestion, it engendreth windinesse, and blastinges in the stomacke, & subuerteth the same, they cause doting madnesse & foolish toyes, and terrible dreames: it hurteth the lunges, the sinewes and the braine. And if one eate to muche thereof, it dulleth the sight, and bringeth the people that vse thereof, in danger of Cankers, and the Leprie.

Of Hatchet Fitche / Axsede or Axwurt. Chap. xxxi.

[illustration]

Hedysaron. Securidaca. Axesiche, or Axwurt.

[illustration]

Securidaca altera.

❀ The Description

[ 1] SEcuridaca hath small slender stemmes, wherevpon grow small leaues spread abroade lyke to the leaues of Arachus, or the wilde Vetche, but smaller and rounder. The flowers growe thicke togither, after the sayde flowers, there come long coddes, round and small, growing one agaynst another, bowing inward, & crooking or crompling lyke vnto hornes, within whiche crooked coddes, is conteyned a flat seede with flower corners, like to a litle wedge. The roote is smal and tender.

[ 2] The other Securidaca set foorth by Matthiolus, in leaues is very well lyke to the aforesayd, neuerthelesse his coddes be longer, and not so much crooked: and for that consideration not very well approching to the description of Secu∣ridaca, set foorth by Dioscorides.

[illustration]

Ferrum equinum. Horse shoe.

[ 3] There is found another herbe with many stalkes, trayling vpon the ground, hauing at euery ioynt a leafe, or rather a branche of leaues, very well like to the leaues of the Lentil or Securidata, but yet somewhat lesser, betwixt those leaues, & the trayling branches it beareth smal yellow flowers, in fashion lyke to the flowers of the Vetche or Lentill: the which afterward do change into flat huskes or coddes, the whiche are vpon one side full of deepe Chinkes, or Cliftes, and the graine or seede waxing ripe, the saide coddes do turne crooked vpon one side, so that they beare the forme and fashion of a horse shoe. The sede also is crooked, and turned rounde like a Croisssant or newe Moone.

¶ The Place.

[ 1.2] Securidaca, as Galen saith, groweth in some places amongst Lentiles: or according to Dioscorides, amongest Barley and wheate, vnknowen in this Countrie, and is not knowen to growe but in the gardens of Herboristes.

[ 3] The thirde kinde groweth in some places of Italie, and of Languedoc, a∣longst the wayes, and like vntoyled places.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1.2] Securidaca flowreth in this Countrie, in Iuly and August, and afterwarde the seede is ripe.

[ 3] The Horse shoe flowreth in Iune, and Iuly, and the seede is ripe in August.

❧ The Names.

[ 1.2] The Pulse called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Securidaca; of some also Pele∣cinon: in Douch and French it hath no name that I knowe. Turner calleth it in Englishe Axsich, or Axeworte, bycause Dioscorides saith the seede is lyke a two edged Axe.

[ 3] The thirde kinde is called in Italian Fer di Caualla, that is to say in Latine, Ferrum equinum: and in English Horse shoe: in Frenche Fer de Cheual: in Bra∣bant Peerts ysere. It shoulde seeme that this is a kinde of Securidaca: and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter.

❀ The Nature.

The seede of Securidaca is hoate and drie of complexion.

The Horse shoe is in qualitie and vertue lyke to Securidaca, as you may knowe by his bitternesse.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The seede of Securidaca, openeth the stoppinges of the liuer, the Splene, and all the inwarde partes, and is very good for the stomacke, bycause of his bitternesse.

[ B] Of the like vertue are the newe leaues and tender croppes of the same.

Of Italian Fitche / or Goates Rue. Chap. xxxij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe is not muche vnlyke Arachus or the wild Vetche in stalkes and leaues: it hath round hard stalkes, and thervpon displayed leaues, made of diuers .small leaues lyke to the leaues of Vesseron or Arachus, but muche greater and lōger. The flowers be eyther cleare blewe, or white, and do grow clustering togither spike∣wise, and like to the wild Vetche, after come long, small, and round coddes, wherein is the seede. The roote is meetely great, and doth not lightly die.

❀ The Place.

Galega in some Countries (as in Italy) groweth in the borders of feeldes, it groweth also in the wood called Madrill by Paris. Ye shall not lightly finde it in this Countrie, but sowen in the gar∣dens of Herbozistes.

❀ The Tyme.

Galega flowreth in Iuly and August, and foorth with the seede is ripe.

[illustration]

Galega.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes, in Latine Galega, Ru∣ta Capraria, and of some Foenograecum syluestre. And some do also count it to be Glaux▪ or Polygala, but as I thinke it is nothing lyke any of them: it is called in English▪ Italian Fetche, and Goates Rue.

¶ The Nature.

Galega is of nature hoate and drie.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Galega, as Baptista Sardus writeth, is a singuler herbe against al venome

and poyson, and against wormes to kill and driue them foorth, if the iuyce of it be giuen to little children to drinke.

[ B] It is of like vertue fried in Dyle of Line seede, and bounde vpon the nauel of the childe.

[ C] They giue a sponefull of the iuyce of this herbe euery morning to drinke, to young children against the falling sicknesse.

[ D] It is counted of great vertue, to be boyled in vineger, and dronken with a litle Treacle, to heale the plague, if it be taken within twelue houres.

Of the Pease Earthnut. Chap. xxxiij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE Earthnut hath three or foure little stalkes or tender branches, somewhat reddishe belowe next the grounde, with clasping tendrelles, whereby it taketh holde vpon hedges, and al other thinges that it may come by. The leaues be small and narrowe. The flowers be of a fayre red colour, and of an indifferent good smell. After the fading of those flowers there come in their steede small coddes, in which is conteined a small seede. The rootes be long and small, wherevnto is hanging here and there certeyne nuttes or kernels like Turneps, of an earthlike colour without, and inwardly white, sweete in taste, almost lyke the Chesnut.

[ 2] The other kinde of Earthnut, called in some places, the litle Earthnut, shalbe described in the fifth part of this history, in the xxiij. Chapter.

❀ The Place.

The Pease Earthnut, groweth abun∣dantly in Hollande and other places, as in Brabant, neare Barrow, by the riuer Zoom, amongst the Corne, and vppon, or vnder the hedges. It groweth in Richmonde heath, and Coome parke, as Turner saith.

[illustration]

Chamaebalanus.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Iune, and afterwarde the seede is ripe. In some places they drawe or plucke vp the rootes in May, and do eate of them.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in high Douche Erdnusz, Erckelen, Erdfeigen, Erda∣mandel, Acker Eychel, and Grund Eychel: in Brabāt Eerdtnoten, and of some Muysen met steerten: of the writers in these dayes in Greeke, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Chamaebalanos: but this is not that Chamaebalanus, whiche is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Glandes terrestres, that is to say, Earthnuttes. Some of the learned do count it to be Astragalus described by Dioscorides, and some hold it for Apios. But that it is not Apios, it is manifest ynough by the third Chapter of the thirde parte of this booke, where as we haue playnely set foorth the right Apios.

¶ The Nature.

The pease Earthnut is drie in the seconde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The rootes of pease Earthnut, are boyled in many places of Hollande and Brabant, and eaten as the rootes of Turneps and Parsneps, and they nourish aswel: yet for all that they be harder of digestion then Turnep rootes, and do stop the belly, and running of the laske.

[ B] If these herbes be the right Astragalus, his roote wil prouoke vrine, and stop all fluxes of the belly, being boyled in wine and dronke.

[ C] The same receiued in the same manner, stoppeth also the inordinate course of womens flowers, and all vnnaturall fluxe of blood.

[ D] The same roote of Astragalus dried and made into powder, is very good to be strowen vpon olde sores, and vpon freshe newe woundes, to stop the blood of them.

Of Fenugrer. Chap. xxxiiij.

❀ The Description.

FEnugreck hath tender stalkes, rounde, blackishe, hollow, and ful of branches, the leaues are diuided into three partes, lyke the leaues of Trifoil, or the threeleaued grasse. The flowers be pale, whitish, and smaller thē the flowers of Lupins. After the fading of those flowers, there come vp long coddes or huskes, crooked and sharpe pointed, wherein is a yellowe seede, the roote is ful of small hanging heares.

❀ The Place.

The Herboristes of this Countrie, do sowe it in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iuly, and the seede is ripe in August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine and in Shoppes Foenum Grae∣cum, of Columella Siliqua: in Frenche Fe∣nugrec, or Fenegrec: in high Douche Bocks∣horn, or Kuhorne: in base Alemaigne Fe∣nigriek: in English Fenegreck.

❧ The Nature.

The seede of Fenugreck, is hoate in the second degree, and dry in the first, and hath vertue to soften and dissolue.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The decoction or broth of the seede of Fenugreck, dronken with a litle vineger, expelleth al euil humours, that sticke fast to the bowels.

[ B] The same decoction first made with Dates, and afterward with a litle Hony, vntil it haue gottē the substance or thick∣nesse of a Syrupe, doth mundifie & clense the breast, and is very good for greeues

[illustration]

Foenum Graecum.

and diseases of the breast, so that the patient be not vexed with a feuer or the head ache: for such asyrupe is hurtfull to the head, & to them that haue agues.

[ C] The meale of Fenugreck, boyled in Meade or Honied water doth consume, soften, and dissolue colde harde impostumes and swellinges. The same tempe∣red or kneded, with Saltpeter and vineger, doth soften & waste the hardnesse, and blasting of the Melt.

[ D] It is good for women that haue either impostume, vlcer, or stopping of the Matrix, to bathe and sit in the decoction thereof.

[ E] The strayning or iuyce of Fenugreck mingled with Goose grease, & put vp, vnder, in the place conuenient, after the maner of a mother Suppositorie, doth mollifie and soften all hardnesse, and paynes of the necke of the Matrix, or the naturall place of conception.

[ F] It is good also to washe the head with the decoction of Fenugreck: for it healeth y^e scurffe, and taketh away both nittes, and scales, or brand of the head.

[ G] The same layd to with Sulphur (that is, brimstone) & hony driueth away pusshes or little pimples, wheales, and spottes of the face: and healeth al man∣ginesse and scuruie itche, and amendeth the stinking smell of the armepittes.

[ H] Greene Fenugreck brused, or pounde with a litle vineger, is good agaynst weake and feeble partes, that are without skinne, vlcerated, and rawe.

[ I] The seede of Fenugreck may be eaten, being prepared as the Lupines, and is then of vertue like, and looseth the belly gently.

[ K] Men do also vse to eate of the young buddes and tender croppes in salades with oyle & vineger (as Galen saith) but such meate is not very holesome, for it ouerturneth the stomacke & causeth headache, to be vsed to much, or to often.

Of Cameline. Chap. xxxv.

❀ The Description.

MYagrū or Cameline, hath straight rounde stalkes, of y^e height of two foote or more, diuiding it self into many branches or boughes. The leaues be long and narrowe, almost lyke to the leaues of Madder, at the highest of y^e stalkes, alōgest by thē grow smal flowers; and afterward smal cuppes, or sede vessels, almost lyke the knoppes of Lineseede, but flatter, within the which is inclosed a small yellowish seede, of the whiche an oyle is made, by pounding, and pressing foorth of the same.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in many places a∣mongst wheat, and flaxe, and the most part of mē do deeme it as an vnprofitable herbe: yet for all that it is sowen in many places, bycause of the oyle which the sede yeeldeth, as in this Countrie, Zeelande, and the Countrie of Liege, or Luke beyonde Bra∣bant.

❀ The Tyme.

It is sowen in Marche and Aprill, and ripe about August.

[illustration]

Myagrum.

❧ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, of some also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Myagrum, Linum triticeum, and Melampyrum: in Frenche and base Almaigne, Cameline▪ and of some Camemine. in high Douche Flaschdotter, and Leindotter: in English Myagrū, or Cameline: It should seeme that this herbe is Erysimon, wherof Theophrast & Galen, Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus, haue written.

❀ The Nature.

Myagrum is of a hoate complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The oyle of the seede of Cameline, or Myagrum straked, or annoynted vpon the body, doth cleare and polish the skinne from all roughnesse.

[ B] It is vsed at this day to prepare and dresse meate withal, as Rape oyle, and it may be vsed to burne in lampes.

Of medow Trifoyl / or three leaued grasse. Chap. xxxvi.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be diuers sortes of Trefoyles, the which for the more parte of them shalbe set foorth in diuers Chapters. But that kinde wherof we shal now intreate, is the common Trefoyl, growing in medowes. The whiche is of two sortes, the one with redde flowers, the other with white, but for the rest there is no great difference in these two herbes.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THree leaued grasse of the med∣dowe, hath a rounde tender stalke: and leaues somewhat rounde, alwaies standing togi∣ther vpon a stemme, the flowers do grow at the top of the branches or stemmes, in tuftes or knoppes tuffed, and set full of small flowers, of a red purple colour: lyke to a short tuffed eare, the whiche flowers once vanished, there commeth vp rounde seede inclosed in small huskes. The roote is long, and of a wooddy substance.

[ 2] The Trefoyl with the white flowers, is muche lyke to the aforesayde, but that his stalkes are somwhat rough and hea∣rie, and the leaues be longer and nar∣rower, and in the middle of euery leafe is sometimes a white spotte, or marke, lyke to the new Moone. The flower is white, in all thinges els lyke to the other, and groweth after the selfe same fashion.

❀ The Place.

These two kindes of Trefoyles, doo growe in all places of this Countrie, in medowes, especially suche as stande som∣what high.

[illustration]

Trifolium pratense.

❀ The Tyme.

The three leaued grasse flowreth in May and Iune, and sometimes all the Sommer.

❧ The Names.

This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Trifolium pratense: in Frenche Treffle de pres, or Triolet: in high Douche Wisen klee; and Fleyschblum: in base Almaigne Claueren, and Ghemeyn Cla∣ueren: in English, Medow Trefoyle, or Common Trefoyle.

❀ The Nature.

The Trefoyl is colde and drie, as one may easily know by the taste thereof.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Trefoyl with his flowers, or by him selfe, boyled in Meade, or honied wa∣ter, or wine, and dronken, doth slake and swage the hoate burning and fretting of the bowels and inwarde partes. Of the like vertue is the decoction therof, made in water, and powred into the body by glister.

[ B] The same decoction dronken in due time, and season, stoppeth the white flowers in women.

[ C] The flowers or leaues of Trefoyle sodde in Oyle, and layd to in manner of a plaister, doth ripe hoate inflammations and swellinges, & other like tumors, and breaketh them, yea sometimes they do scatter and dissolue them cleane.

Of sweete Trefoyl. Chap. xxxvij.

❀ The Description

SVeete Trefoyl hath a round holow stalke, of two or three foote long or more, full of bowes and branches. The leaues do alwaies grow three and three togither, euen as the common me∣dow Trefoyl, but somwhat longer, & iagged round about like a Sawe. At the top of the branches grow flowers, clustering togither in knoppes, like the flowers of the medowe or common Trefoyl, sauing that the tuftes or knappes, are not so great as the knappes of the other: after the fading of those flowers there come little huskes, or sharpe poynted heades, wherin the seede lyeth. Al the herbe, especially when it is in flower, is of a very good smel or sauour, the whiche as some say, looseth his sent or smell seuen times a day, & recoucreth it againe as long as it is grow∣ing, but being withered and dried, it keepeth still his sauour, the whiche is stronger in a moyst and cloudy darke season, then when the wether is fayre and cleare.

❀ The Place.

In this Countrie men sowe the sweete Trefoyl in gardens, & where as it hath bene once sowen, it groweth lightly euery yere of the seede which falléth, In Maister Riches garden.

[illustration]

Lotus satiua, or Vrbana.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Iuly & August, during which time, the sede is ripe.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Lotus vrbana, & Lotus sa∣•…•… •…•… Trifolium, and now a dayes Trifolium odoratum: in French Trefle

odoriferant: in high Douch Siben gezeyt: and in base Almaigne, Seuen getijde cruyt, bycause that seuentymes a day it looseth his sweete sente and smell, and recouereth it againe. Turner calleth Lotus vrbana in English, Garden or Sal∣let Clauer: we may call it sweete Trefoyl, or three leaued grasse.

❀ The Nature.

Sweete Trefoyl, is temperate in heate and cold, & taking part of some litle drynesse.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The sweet Trefoyl doth swage & ripe, alcold swellings, being laid therto.

[ B] The iuyce of the same taketh away the spot or white perle of the eyes, called in Latine Argema.

[ C] The Oyle wherin the flowers of the sweet Trefoyl haue ben soked, cureth all new woundes, and burstinges, as some affirme.

Of wilde Zotus. Chap. xxxviij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere is commonly founde in this countrie, two sortes of wilde Lotus or Trefoyl, with yellow flowers, one hauing Coddes, and the other none.

[illustration]

Lotus syluestris. Wild Trefoyl. Yellow stone Clauer.

[illustration]

Lotus syluestris minor. Petie Clauer or stone Trefoyl.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe first kinde of wilde Lotus is a litle low herbe, creeping alongst the grounde. The leaues be somewhat lyke to the leaues of the common three leaued grasse, or medow Trefoyl, almost of an aishe colour. The flowers be faire and yellow, fashioned like to the flowers of peason, but muche smaller: the whiche decayed and fallen away, there come vp three or foure round coddes, standing togither one by another, wherein is conteyned a round sede. The roote is long & reddish.

[ 2] The seconde kinde hath rounde stalkes, and very small. The leaues be like to medow Trefoyl. The flowers be yellow, growing thicke togither in round knopped heades, the which do chaunge into a rounde crooked blacke seede, co∣uered with a blacke huske or skinne. The whiche seede groweth rounde about the knoppes, orderly compassing the same.

¶ The Place.

These two kindes of wilde Lotus, or Trefoyl do grow in this Countrie in drie places, alongst the feeldes and high wayes.

❀ The Tyme.

These Trefoyles are in flower, from after the moneth of Iune, al the rest of the Sommer, and in the meane season they yeelde their seede.

❀ The Names.

These Trefoyles, are nowe called Loti syluestres, yet they be not the Lotus syluestris of Dioscorides, the which groweth very high, and hath seede lyke to Fenugreck.

[ 1] The first kind is called in high Douch, Wilden klee, Steenklee, Edelsteen∣klee, Vogels wicken, Vnser Frawen schuchlin: in Frenche Trefle sauuage taulne: in Brabant Steenclaueren, and Geelsteenclaueren, Wilde Claueren, and of some Vogels Vitsen. Some take it for a kinde of Melilotus, and therefore it is called in Latine Melilotus syluestris or Melilotus Germanica: in Englishe, The wilde yellowe Lotus, the Germaines Melilot, or the wilde yellowe Trefoyl.

[ 2] The second is called in Frenche Petit Trefle iaulne: in high Douche Geelk••ee, Kleiuer, Steenkle, and Geel wisen klee: in base Almaigne, Cleyn steenclaue∣ren, and Cleyn geel clauere. This shoulde seeme to be a kind of Medica, wherof we shall speake hereafter.

❧ The Nature and Vertues.

[ A] These herbes are colde, drie, and astringent, especially the first: therfore they may be vsed aswell within the body, as without, in al greefes that require to be cooled and dried.

Of Melilot. Chap. xxxir.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere is nowe founde two sortes of Melilot, the one whiche is the right Melilot, and the other whiche is the common Melilot.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] The true and right Melilot, hath rounde stalkes, the leaues iagged rounde about, not muche vnlyke the leaues of Fenugreck, alwayes growing three and three togither like to the Trefoyl. The flowers be yellow and smal, growing thicke togither in a tuft, the which past there come in their places, a many of small crooked huskes or coddes, wheru•• the seede is conteyned. The roote is tender, and full of small hearie threddes.

[ 2] The common Melilot hath rounde stalkes, about two or three foote long, & full or branches. The leaues do alwayes grow by three and three, lyke to Tre∣foyl, hacked rounde about lyke the leaues of Fenugreck, or the right Melilot. The flowers be yellow, clustering togither, after the fashion or order of spike, the whiche vanished, there come vp small huskes, whiche conteyne the seede. The roote is long, al the herbe with his flowers, is of a right good sauour, spe∣cially whan it is drie.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The right Melilot groweth plentifully in Italy, especially in the Countrie of Campania, neare the Towne of Nola. In this Countrie the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens.

[ 2] The common Melilot groweth in this Countrie in the edges and borders of fieldes, and medowes, alongst by diches, and trenches.

[illustration]

Melilotus Italica. The right Melilot.

[illustration]

Melilotus Germanica. The common Melilot.

❀ The Tyme.

These two kindes of Melilot do flower in Iuly and August, during which time they yeelde their coddes and seedes.

❀ The Names.

Melilot is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Melilotus, and Sertula Cam∣pana.

The first kinde of these herbes, is taken at Rome and in Italy for Melilot, & therfore is called Melilotus Italica that is to say, Italian Melilot: in French Melilot d'Italie: and in Douche, Italiansche, or Roomsche Melilote.

The other kinde is called in Shoppes of this Countrie, and of Almaigne Melilotus, and is vsed for the same, and hereof it commeth to passe that men cal it Melilotus Germanica: in Frenche Melilot vulgaire: in base Alemaigne, Ghe∣meyne, or Douche Melilote. Some do also call it Saxifraga lutea, that is saye, Yellow Saxifrage: and in high Douche, Grosse steinklee: in Englishe, The common and best knowen Melilot.

¶ The Nature.

Melilot is hoate, and partly of an astringent nature, and hath part of a di∣gesting, consuming, dissoluing, and riping power.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Melilote boyled by it selfe in sweete wine, or with the yolke of a rosted egge, or the meale of Fenugreck, or Lineseed, or with the fine flower of meale, or with Cichorie, doth smage and soften all kindes of hoate swellinges, espe∣cially those that chaunce in the eyes, the matrix, or mother, the fundement, and

genitors or coddes, being layde thereto.

[ B] If it be layde to with Gawles or Chalke, or with good wine, it healeth the scurffe, and suche sores, as yeelde corrupt matter or filthe.

[ C] The same rawe, and pounde, or sodde in wine, swageth the payne of the stomacke, and dissolueth the impostumes and swellinges of the same, being layde thereto.

[ D] The iuyce of the same dropped into the eares, taketh away the payne of them, and layde to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger, cureth the head ache.

[ E] The common Melilote is vsed and found good for all suche thinges as the other serueth: it is most vsed to swage and slake payne, as the flower of Ca∣momil is.

[ F] The same boyled in wine and dronke, prouoketh vrine, breaketh the stone, and swageth the payne of the kidneyes, the bladder and belly: and ripeth fleme, causing it to be easily cast foorth.

[ G] The iuyce therof dropped into the eyes, cleareth the sight, and doth consume, dissolue, and take away the web, pearle, or spot of the eye.

Of Horned Clauer / or Medic fother. Chap. xl.

[illustration]

Medica. Spanish Clauer.

[illustration]

Italian or Spanishe Clauer.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be three sortes of Medica, the which we haue seene in this Coun∣trie. The first kind hath flat huskes, and turned or folded rounde togither. The other hath long, rough, & sharpe poynted huskes, turning in also togither lyke a Rammes horne, or Snayle (as Turner writeth) otherwise one muche lyke to the other. There is also a thirde kinde, wherof both Turner and this Aucthor do write.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe first kind of Medica, hath many rounde tender stalkes, which grow not vpright, but are spread abrode vpon the grounde, like the common medow Trefoyl. The leaues be like them of the commō Trefoyl. The flowers be small, of a pale yellowish colour, & for the most part they grow three and three togither. The which once past, there grow vp flat huskes or coddes, turned round togither, like a water snayle, wherein the seede is conteyned, the whiche is flat. The roote is leane or slender, and withereth or perisheth in this Countrie, after that it hath once borne seede.

[ 2] The second kind of Medica, is much like y^e other in stalkes & leaues. The cods only be not so flat, but longer, & sharpe pointed, wherin is a sede like to y^e other.

[ 3] The third kind hath many stalkes, growing almost right vp, & theron leaues like vnto the other. The flowers grow in tuftes almost like to the cōmon Tre∣foyl, of color faire purple blew, somtimes yellow, & therafter folow many roūd flat cods turned togither, of y^t which eche asunder about the bignes of a Lentil. The roote of this is long, and continueth many yeres, especially in Spayne.

[ 4] Bysides these there is yet another kind of Medica or strange Trefoyl, y^t which lieth not alōgst the ground, but standeth-vpright, a foote & a halfe or two foote long. It hath hard round stalkes, diuided into diuers branches, vpō the which grow meetly large leaues, gray & thicke, three vpō one stemme, almost like the leaues of Trefoyl or Fenugreck, but muche lesse. The flowers be white mixt with Crymsen or Carnation color. Al the herbe, aswel the stalkes as leaues, is whitish, and couered with a soft and gentle cotton, or woolly roughnesse.

❀ The Place.

These kindes of Trefoyl growe in Spayne. They growe not of their owne kinde in this Countrie, but are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

Medica flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly, and within short space after com∣meth foorth his crooked of crompled huskes.

[ 4] The fourth kind flowreth in this Countrie at the ende of Sommer.

❧ The Names.

[ 1.2] The first two haue no certaine name which is knowē vnto vs, therfore haue we named them in Latine Trifolia cochleata: in Douche, Gedrayde Claueren: in French Treste au limason: in English Horned Trefoyl or Clauer, bycause their coddes veturned as water snayles, wherein the seede is conteyned.

[ 3] The third is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Medica: in Spanish Alfafa, after the Arabian name Fasfasa, or Alfasfasa: with the whiche Medica of Auicenna is named: in Douch Spaensche Claueren: in Englishe Spanish Trefoyl.

[ 4] The fourth kind is counted of some to be Glaux, of some to be Anthyllis, of others it is taken for Polygala.

❀ The Nature.

Medica is of a colde nature.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Medica is good against al hoate diseases, & impostumes that require cooling & drying.

[ B] This is also an excellent fodder for Oxen and kine, and for the same purpose it was vsed to be sowen of the Auncient Romynes in olde time.

Of the right Trefoyle / or Treacle Clauer. Chap. xli.

❀ The Description.

AMongst al the sortes of Trefoyles, y^e same here is the largest in leaues that we haue yet seene, it hath great round stalkes of a foote & a halfe or two foote long, ful of branches, vpō the which there grow alwaies three leaues togither, vpon one footestalke or stemme, of a blackish co∣lour, and muche greater then the leaues of the common Trefoyl. The flowers

grow from the sydes of the stalkes vpon long stemmes, thicke tufting and clu∣stering togither, almost like the flowers of Scabiouse, of a deepe blew or skye colour. The seede is broade and rough, or a litle hearie, and sharpe at the ende. The roote is smal and slender.

❀ The Place.

The Herboristes of this Countrie, do also sowe this kinde of Trefoyl in their gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

This Trefoyl flowreth in this Coun∣trie in August.

¶ The Names.

This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Trifolium, & Trifolium odoratum, at this time they cal it Trifolium foetidum, Trifolium bi∣tuminosum, in Frenche Vray Treste, and Treste puant. in base Almaigne, Groote Claueren: in Englishe, The right Tre∣foyl, stinking Trefoyl, Smelling Cla∣uer, Treacle Clauer, Clauer gentle, and Pitche Trefoyl. And this is that Oxy∣triphyllon, of the which Scribonius Lar∣gus hath written.

❀ The Nature.

This Trefoyl is hoate and drie in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The leaues and flowers, or seede of this Trefoyl, dronken in water, is good for the payne of the syde, the strangurie, the falling sicknesse, the dropsie, and for women that are sicke of the mother, or stuffing of the matrix: for taken in suche sort, it prouoketh vrine, and the menstrual termes or flowers.

[illustration]

Trifolium.

[ B] The same leaues taken in the syrupe Oximel, helpeth against the bitinges of venemous beastes. The decoction of this Trefoyl, with his rootes is very good for the same, if the bitinges and stinginges of suche hurtful beastes be washed therewithall.

[ C] Moreouer they do with great profite mingle the said leaues or rootes, with Treacles and Mithridates, and suche lyke preseruatiue medicines, whiche are vsed to be made agaynst poyson.

[ D] Also they say, that three leaues of this Trefoyl dronke a litle before the com∣ming of the fit of the feuer tertian, with wine, do cure the same, & foure leaues so taken, do helpe agaynst the Quartayne.

Of Hares foote / or rough Clauer. Chap.xlij.

❀ The Kyndes.

THere be two sortes of Hares foote, the great & the smal, but in leaues and figure one is lyke to the other.

❀ The Description.

HAres foote hath a round stalke, & rough: the leaues are very like the leaues of Trefoyl or Trinitie grasse. The flowers grow at the top of y^e stalkes, in a rough spikie knap or eare very like to Hares foote. The roote is small and harde.

❀ The Place.

Hares foote, especially the lesser, is very common, throughout all the feeldes of this Countrie.

❀ The Tyme.

Hares foote is most commonly in flower in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Lagopus: of some Leporis Cumi∣num now Pes Leporis and Trifolium hu∣mile: that is to say in english, Hares foote, Rough Clauer, & base Trefoyl: in French Pied de Lieure and Treste bas: in high Douche Hasenfusz, Katzenklee, Katzle: in base Al∣maigne Hasen pootkens, Hasen voetkens.

¶ The Nature.

Hares foote is drie in the third degree, and indifferent colde.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Hares foote boyled in wine and dronke, stoppeth the laske, and the bloody flixe.

[illustration]

Lagopus.

Of wood Sorrel / or Sorrel de boys. Chap. xliij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] VOode Sorrel is a lowe or base herbe, without stalkes: the leaues do growe from the roote vpō short stemmes, and at their first comming foorth are folden togither, but after∣warde they spread abroade, and are of a faire greene colour, and fashioned almost like the Trefoyl, sauing that eche leafe hath a deepe clift in the middle. Amongst the leaues, there growe also vppon shorte stemmes comming from the roote, little smal flowers, almost made like litle belles, of a white colour with purple veynes, all alongst, sometimes of a yellowishe colour: when they be fallen, there rise vp in their places sharpe huskes or cuppes, full of yel∣lowishe seede. The roote is browne, some∣what red, and long.

[ 2] Of this is founde yet another kind, the which beareth yellow flowers, and after∣warde small coddes.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in this Countrie in shadowie wooddes, vpon the rootes of great olde trees, sometimes also vpon the brinkes and borders of ditches.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Aprill, and at the beginning of May.

[illustration]

Oxys.

❀ The Names.

[ B] This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Oxys: in Shoppes Alleluya, of some Trifolium acetosum, and Panis Cuculi Alimonia: in French Pain de Cocu: in high Douche Saurerklee, Buchklee, Buchamffers, Buchbrot, Gauchklee, and Gauchgauchklee: in base Almaigne Coeckoecks broot: in English Wood∣sorel, Sorel du bois, Alleluya, Cockowes meate, Sower Trifoly, Stubwurt, and Woodsower.

¶ The Nature.

This herbe is colde and drie lyke Sorrell.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Sorel du bois is good for them that haue sicke & feeble stomackes, for it drieth and strengthneth the stomacke, and stirreth vp appetite.

[ B] It is good for corrupt sores, and stinking mouthes, if one washe with the decoction thereof.

Of Grasse. Chap. xliiij.

❀ The Kindes.

A Man shal finde many sortes of grasse, one lyke another in stemme, and leaues, but not in the knoppes or eares: for one hath an eare like Barley, the other lyke Millet, another like Panick, another lyke Iuray, and such vnprofitable weedes that growe amongst corne. Some haue rough prickley eares, and some are soft and gentle, others are rough & mossie lyke fine downe or cotton, so that there are many sortes and kindes of grasse: whereof we will make no larger discourse, but of suche kindes onely, as haue bene vsed of the Auncient Physitions, and are particularly named Agrostis and Gramen.

❀ The Description.

THE grasse whereof we shall nowe speake, hath long rough leaues al∣most lyke the Cane, or Pole reede, but a great deale lesser, yet muche greater & broder then the leaues of that grasse which groweth cōmonly in medowes. The helme or stemmes are small, a foote or two long, with fiue or sixe ioyntes, at the vppermost of y^e stalkes there grow soft & gentle eares, almost like y^e bushy eares of y^e Cane or Pole reede, but smaller and slenderer. The roote is long and white, full of ioyntes, creeping hither & thither, & platted or wrapped one with another, & putting forth new springs in sundry places, & by the meanes hereof it doth multiplie and increase exceedinly in leaues and stalkes.

❀ The Place.

This grasse groweth not in medowes & lowe places, lyke the other, but in the corne feldes, & the borders therof, & is a noughty & hurtful weede to corne, the which the hus∣bandmen would not willingly haue in their lande, or feeldes: & therfore they take much payne to weede, and plucke vp the same.

❀ The Names.

This grasse is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Agrostis, bycause it groweth in the

[illustration]

Gramen. Couche grasse.

corne feeldes, whiche are called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Agroi, therfore men may easily iudge, that the common grasse is not Agrostis.

This grasse is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Gramen: in French Grame, or Dent au chien: in base Almaigne Ledtgras, and Knoopgras: and of the Coun∣trie or husbandmen Poeen: in Englishe Couche, and Couche grasse.

❀ The Nature.

Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken: doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly, prouoketh vrine, bringeth forth grauel, and is very profitable against the strangurie.

[ B] The same with his leaues newe brused, healeth greene woundes, and stop∣peth blood, if it be layde thereto.

Of wall Barley or way Bennet. Chap. xlv.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] PHoenix is a kind of vn∣profitable Grasse, in eare and leaues almost like Iuray, or Darnel, but smaller & shorter. It hath leaues meete∣ly long and large, almost like Bar∣ley, but smaller. The litter or stems is short, full of ioyntes, and reddish. The eares growe in fashion like I∣ucay, but the litle knoppes or eares, stande not so farre asunder one from an other.

[ 2] There is yet another grasse much like to y^e aforesaid, y^e which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens. Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower, & the stalkes smaller, and are neuer red, but alwayes of a sad greene colour, and so is all the residue of the plant, whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other.

[illustration]

Phoenix.

¶ The Place.

Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes, and is founde in great quantitie, in the Countrie of Liege or Luke. And as Dioscorides writeth, groweth vpon houses.

❀ The Tyme.

Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August, as other grayne is.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Phoenix, and of some Lolium rubrum: in Englishe Wall Barley, or Way Bennet: it may be called Red-Ray, or Darnell.

❀ The Nature.

Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse, as Galen writeth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly, and the abun∣dant

running of womens flowers, and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine.

[ B] Some do write, that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne, or peece of leather, and bounde fast to a mans body, stoppeth bleeding.

Of Hauer Grasse. Chap. xlvi.

❀ The Description.

BRomus or Hauergrasse, is al∣so an vnprofitable grasse, much like to Otes, in leaues, stemmes, and eares: sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller, the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller, and the eares are longer, rougher, & more bristeled or bearded, standing farther asunder one from the other.

❀ The Place.

It groweth in y^e borders of feeldes, vpon bankes and Rampers, & alongst by way sides.

❀ The Tyme.

It is to be found, in eare, wel neare all the sommer.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Bromus: and as a difference from Otes (whose Greeke name is Bromus) they put to this addition, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Bromus herba, and Auena herba. It had this name first, bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes: it is called in Frenche Aueron, or Aueneron, we may call it in Englishe, Hauer, or Ote grasse.

[illustration]

Bromus.

❀ The Nature.

Bromus is of a drie complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed, and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony, vntill it waxe thicke, is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose, if it be put in with a weeke or matche, but especially if you put to it Aloes.

[ B] The same also boyled in wine with dried roses, amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe, if it be washed throughly therwithall.

Of Stitchwurt. Chap. xlvij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe hath round tender stalkes, ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground, at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another, hard, brode, and sharpe at the endes. The flowers be white, diuided into fiue small leaues, when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes, not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line, wher∣in the seede is. The rootes be small and knottie, creeping hither, and thither.

❀ The Place.

It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes, and vnder hedges and bus∣shes.

❀ The Tyme.

A man may finde it in flowers in A∣prill and May.

❀ The Names.

This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Crataeogo∣num, Crataeonum, and Crataeus: it is cal∣led in high Douche Augentroostgras: and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras, that is to say, Grasse comforting the eyes. And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum.

❧ The Nature.

The seede of Crataeogonum, heateth and dryeth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Men haue written, that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers, that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after, shalbe a man childe.

[illustration]

Gramen Leucanthemum.

Of Gupleuros. Chap. xlviij.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues, longer & larger then the blades of grasse: otherwise not muche vnlyke. The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more, rounde, vpright, thicke, full of ioyntes, the whiche do part and diuide agayne, into many branches, at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades, & afterward the seede, whiche is somewhat long.

[ 2] There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd, in fashion and growing, sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde, are somewhat larger, the stemme or stalke is shorter, and the roote is bigger, and of a wooddy substance: in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde.

¶ The Place.

[ 1] This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie, but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens.

[ 2] The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. in Latine Bupleurum: we know none other name.

[ 2] The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis. It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon.

[illustration]

Bupleuri prima species. The first kind of Bupleures.

[illustration]

Bupleurialtera species. The second kind of Bupleures.

❀ The Nature.

Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe, and counted of Hippocra∣tes, as a conuenient food, as Plinie writeth.

[ B] The leaues of the same pounde with salt and wine, and layde to, doth con∣sume and driue away the swelling in the necke, called the Kinges euill.

[ C] It is also a speciall remedie against the bitinges of Serpentes, if the partie that is so hurt, doth drinke the seede of the same in wine, and wash the wound with the decoction of the leaues of the same.

[ D] They that vse it much do take Auricula Leporis, against the stone & grauell.

Of Catanance. Chap. xlix.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THis herbe is also like vnto grasse, it hath narrow leaues & smoth, like to the blades of grasse, but smaller, the whiche afterward be∣ing dried, do turne crooked or bend round towardes the ground. The stalkes be tender, smal, and short, vpon the which grow litle Crymsen flowers, and afterwarde long smal rounde coddes, in the whiche is conteyned a seede, somewhat reddishe.

[ 2] Of this sort there is yet another kinde, the whiche hath no rounde coddes, but large and somwhat broade, in all thinges els lyke to the other.

¶ The Place.

This herbe groweth in Copses that be seuerall, and in pastures, but that with the broade coddes is found most commonly by the sea coast.

❀ The Tyme.

Catanance bringeth forth his flow∣ers and coddes, in Iuly and August, and sometimes sooner.

❀ The Names.

This grasse is muche lyke to that which the Greekes call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and the Latinistes Catanance, and it should seeme to be the first kind of Catanance, described by Dioscorides.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

Catanance was not vsed for medi∣cine, in times past: neyther yet is vsed that I can tel of.

Of Moly. Chap. l.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] Moly according as Diosco∣rides writeth hath leaues like grasse, but broader, and spreaden or laid vpon the ground. The flowers be white, in fashion like the stocke or wall Geleflowers, but smaller. The stalke is white of foure cubites long, at the top wherof there groweth a certayne thing fashioned like Garlike. The roote is small and rounde as an Onyon.

[illustration]

Catanance.

[ 2] Plinie in the fourth Chapter of his xxv. Booke writeth of another Moly, whose roote is not bolefashion, or like an Onyon, but long and slender. His leaues be also lyke vnto grasse, and layd flat vpon the ground, amongst which springeth vp, a rounde, small, and playne stalke diuided aboue into many bran∣ches, wherevpon grow white flowers, not muche vnlyke the flowers of stocke Gelleflowers, but muche smaller. The rootes be long and small, and very threddie.

[ 3] You may also recken amongst the kindes of Moly, a sort of grasse growing alongst the sea coast which is very tender and smal, bearing smal, short, narrow leaues, and most commonly lying flat and thicke vppon the grounde, amongst whiche commeth vp small short and tender stalkes bearing flowers at the top tuft fashion, of a white purple, or skie colour. The rootes of the same kinde be likewise long, smal, and tender.

❀ The Place.

[ 2] The second Moly, as Plinie writeth, groweth in Italie in stonie places, the Herboristes of this Countrie do plant it in their gardens.

[ 3] The grasse that groweth by the sea coast, is founde in some places of Zea∣lande, in lowe moyst places or groundes.

❀ The Tyme.

Plinies Moly, flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly.

[illustration]

Liliago. Phalangium.

[illustration]

Pseudo Moly. Sea grasse.

The bastarde Moly flowreth most com∣monly all the sommer.

¶ The Names.

[ 1] The first is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and in Latine Moly.

[ 2] The seconde is called Plinies Moly, in Latine Moly Plinij, and is taken to be the right Phalangium, or Spiders worte of Dioscorides, and that in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, is of Valerius Cordus named Liliago.

[ 3] That kinde of grasse whiche groweth by the sea syde, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Pseudomoly, that is to say, Bastarde Moly. Neuerthelesse it is no kinde of Moly, but rather a kinde of grasse, the whiche you may well name Gramen marinum: some call it in Englishe our Ladies quishion.

¶ The Nature.

The true Moly, which is the first kinde, is hoate in the third degree, and of subtill partes.

❀ The Vertues.

[ 1] [ A] The roote of Moly, eaten or dronken, prouoketh vrine, and applyed as a pessarie or mother suppositorie, openeth the stoppings of the matrix or mother.

[ B] Moly is also excellent against enchauntementes, as Plinie and Homer do testifie, saying, That Mercurie reuealed or shewed it to Vlysses, whereby he escaped all the enchauntments of Circe, the Magicien.

Of the grasse of Parnasus. Chap. li.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe hath litle rounde leaues, in fashion much vnlike the leaues of Iuie or Asarabacca, but farre smaller, and not of so darke a colour: a∣mongst the which spring vp two or three small stalkes, of a foote high, and of a reddish colour belowe, and bearing faire white flowers at the top, the which being past, there come vp round knops or heads, wherin is conteyned a reddish seede. The roote is somwhat thicke, with many threddy stringes ther∣vnto annexed.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in moyst places, and is founde in certayne places of Brabant.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Iuly, and soone after yeeldeth his seede.

❀ The Names.

Bycause of the lykenesse that this herbe hath with the grasse called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Gramen Par∣nasium: they call it in this Countrie, The grasse of Parnasus: in base Almaigne Gras van Parnasus: Valerius Cordus nameth it Hepatica alba.

[illustration]

Hepatica alba. Gramen Parnasi.

❧ The Nature.

The seede of Parnasus grasse is drie, and of subtill partes.

❀ The Description.

[ A] The decoction of Parnasus grasse dron∣ken, doth drie and strengthen the feeble and moyst stomacke and the moyst bowels, stoppeth the belly, and taketh away the besire to vomit.

[ B] The same boyled in wine or water, prouoketh vrine, especially the seede thereof, the which doth not only prouoke vrine, but also breaketh the stone, and driueth it foorth, if it be dronken.

[ C] The young leaues brused, and layd to fresh woundes, stoppeth the bleeding of the same, and healeth the woundes.

[ D] Of the iuyce of this herbe is made a singuler Collyrium, or medicine for the eyes, the whiche comforteth the sight, and cleareth the eyes, if you put vnto it asmuch wine as you haue of the iuyce, and halfe as much Myrrhe, with a litle Pepper and Frankensence. And for to keepe the sayd Collyrium a long time in his goodnesse, it must be put into a copper Boxe.

Of Rushe. Chap. lij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere are founde in this Countrie, foure or fiue kindes of vsual or common rushes.

❀ The Description.

AL Rushes seeme nothing els, but lgō twigs, shutes, or springs, that are slender, smooth, rounde, and without leaues, & the roote from whence they grow and spring vp, is large and enterlaced. The flowers & seede grow vpon one side, almost at the top of the shutes or rushes in tuftes or tassels.

[ 1] The first kinde is full of white substance or pith, the whiche being drawen out, sheweth like long white softe or gentle threds, and serueth for Matches to burne in lampes, and of the same is made many plesant deuises.

[ 2] The seconde kind is somwhat rough and harder in handling then the first, and hath but litle pith within, and the the same not thicke nor close, so that in drawing it foorth, it yeeldeth small substance, wherefore the sayde pith is vn∣profitable: but the Rushe being dried, is more plyant, and better to binde any thing withall, then any of the other sortes.

[ 3] The third kind also hath not much pith, and groweth not farre apart from the rootes, but many togither, as the flagge or gladen leaues, so that one rushe groweth out of another.

[ 4] The fourth kinde is great, of eight or niene foote long, of the bignesse of ones finger, spongie within, as the Flagge or water Lauer, whereof they vse to make Mattes: and of this kinde they do likewise make Mattes, which are called Rushe Mattes.

[illustration]

Iuncus.

[ 5] Bysides these sortes of common rushes, there is also a strange, aro∣maticall, or sweete smelling rushe, the whiche is not to be funde in this Countrie, but onely in Apo∣thecaries shoppes, vnder the name of Squinantum.

¶ The Place.

The Rushes grow in low moyst sugges, or waterie places. The small kinde groweth onely in drye leane and sandy groundes, & bar∣ren Countries, as is aforesayde: but the sweete rushe groweth in Arabia, Africa, and India.

❀ The Names.

Rushes are called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Iunci: in Frenche Ioncs: in Douche Bintzen: in base Almaigne Biesen.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Iuncus laeuis, of Pli∣nie Mariscus: in base Almaigne Merch biesen, that is to say, The pith, or pith∣thy Rushe: and in English, the Rush candle, or Candle rushe: Camels strawe.

[ 2.3] The seconde is called in Douche Yseren Biesen, and the third Strop Gie∣sen, the which are like a kinde of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Iuncus acutus: they be our common harde Rushes: in Frenche Ionc agu.

The small Rushe seemeth to be a kinde of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Iuncus acutus, espe∣cially that kinde which is Sterile, or barren without flowers.

[ 4] The fourth is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and folowing the Greke Holoschoe∣nus: in English, the pole Rushe, or bull Rushe, or Mat Rushe: in Frenche Ionc a cabas, that is to say, The frayle Rushe or panier Rushe, bycause they vse to make figge frayles and paniers therwithall: in base Almaigne Matten biesen: by∣cause they vse to make Mattes therewith.

[ 5] The strange Rushe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Iuncus odoratus, & Iuncus angulosus, the flower wherof is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Iunciflos, and Schoenu anthos: and from hence came that name Squinantum, whiche is the name whereby this kinde of Rushe is knowen in Shoppes: in Englishe Squinant.

❀ The Nature.

The common Rushe is of a drie complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The sede of the common Rush parched, & stieped in wine: stoppeth the laske, and the redde flowers of women, and prouoketh vrine. But to be taken in to great a quantitie, it causeth headache.

[ B] You must search farther for the vertues of Squinant, which are not descri∣bed in this place.

Of Typha palustris. Chap. liij.

❀ The Description.

THis herbe hath long, rough, thicke, and almost threesquare leaues, within filled with soft marow. Amongst the leaues somtimes grow∣eth vp a long smoth naked stalke, without knottes or ioyntes, not hollowe within, hauing at the top a gray, or russet long knap or care whiche is soft, thicke, and smooth, and seemeth to be nothing els but a throm of gray wooll or flockes, thicke set and thronge togither. The whiche at length when as the sayd eare or knap waxeth ripe, is turned into a downe, and caried away with the wind. This downe or cotton is so fine, that in some Countries they fill quishions and beddes with it, as Leonardus Fuchsius writeth. The rootes be harde, thicke, and white, with many hanging threddes ouerthwart one another, and when these rootes are drie, then they burne very well.

[illustration]

Typha palustris. Reede Mace, Cattes tayle, or Water torche.

[illustration]

Typha absque caule The water Flagge or Liuer.

❀ The Place.

This Typha groweth in this Countrey in shadowe pooles, and standing waters, and in the brinkes of edges of great riuers, and commonly amongst Reedes.

❀ The Tyme.

This Mace or torche is founde in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Typha, and of the writers in

these dayes Typha palustris, as a difference from the other Typha, called Typha cerealis, whiche is a kinde of grayne or corne, the whiche hath bene already de∣scribed in the fourth Chap. of this booke, of some it is also called Typha aqua∣tica, and Cestrum morionis. in Frenche Marteau, Masses: in high Douche Nar∣renkowen, and Lies; knospen: in base Almaigne, Lisch Dodden, and Dousen. Turner calleth it in Englishe, Reede Mace, and Cattes tayle: to the which we may ioyne others, as Water Torche, Marche Betill, or Pestill, and Dunche downe, bycause the downe of this herbe will cause one to be deafe, if it happen to fall into the eares, as Matthiolus writeth. The leaues are called, Matte reede, bycause they make mattes therewith, to the whiche they onely serue when it bringeth foorth neither stalkes nor cattes tayle. like as this plant yeel∣deth his cattes tayles, so likewise be the leaues not necessarie to make any thing thereof.

❀ The Nature.

This herbe is colde and drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The downe of this herbe mingled with Swynes grease well washed, hea∣leth burninges and scaldinges with fire or water.

[ B] Men haue also experimented and proued, that this cotten is very profitable to heale broken or holowe kibes, if it be layde vpon.

Of Pole Reede / or Canes. Chap. liiij.

❀ The Kindes.

THERE are diuers kindes of Reedes, as Dioscorides and Plinie do write, whereof the sixth kinde is very common and well knowen in this Countrie.

❀ The Description.

[ 6] THE common Reede or Cane hath a long stalke or strawe full of knottie ioyntes, wherevppon grow many long rough blades or leaues, and at the top large tufts, or eares spread abrode, the whiche do change into a fine downe or cot∣ton, and is carried away with the winde, almost like the eares of Mill or Millet, but farre bigger. The roote is long & white, grow∣ing outwardly in the bottome of the water.

[ 7] The Cane of Inde, or y^e Indian Cane, is of the kind of Reedes, ve∣ry high, long, great, and strong, the which is vsed in temples & Chur∣ches to put out y^e light of candels, whiche they vse to burne before their Images.

[ 8] To these we may ioyne that Cane, whereof they make Sugar, in the Ilandes of Canare, and els where.

[ 9] Bysides these sortes, there is another aromatical, and sweete smelling kind, vnknowen in this Countrie.

[illustration]

Harundo Vallatoria. The common Pole Reede.

❀ The Place.

The common Reede or spier groweth in standing waters, and on the edges and borders of riuers.

❀ The Names.

This plante is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Harundo, or Arundo, and Calamus: in Frenche Canne, or Roseau: in high Douche Rorh: in base Almaigne Riet: in English, Common Pole Reede, Spier, or Cane Reede.

[ 1] The first kinde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Nastus, of this kinde in times past they made arrowes and dartes.

[ 2] The seconde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Arundo foemina, this kinde dyd serue to make tongues for pipes, shaulmes, or trumpettes.

[ 3] The thirde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Syringias, Fistularis, of whiche they make pipes and flutes.

[ 4] With the fourth men did write in times past, as they do now vse to do with pennes and quilles of certayne birdes, the whiche for the same purpose were named Calami

[ 5] The fifth kinde is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Donax, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Arundo Cypria.

[ 6] The sixth, which is our commō Canereede, is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say in Latine, Arundo vallatoria, and Arundo vallaris, and Arun∣do sepicularis: in Englishe Cane Reede, Pole Reede, Spier, and the Reede or Cane of the vally.

[ 7] The seuenth is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Arundo Indica: in Frenche Canne: in base Almaigne, Riet van Indien, and of some also, Riet van Spaengien: in English Spanish Canes, or Indian Reede.

[ 8] The Sugar Cane, hath none other particuler name, but as men do nowe cal it Arundo saccharata, or Arundo sacchari, that is to say in Englishe, Sugar Reede, or Sugar Cane: in Frenche Canne de succré: in Douche Suycker Riet.

[ 9] The Aromaticall and sweete Cane, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Calamus odoratus, Calamus Aromaticus, Arundo odorata, altogither vnknowen in shoppes, for that whiche they vse to sel for Calamus Aromaticus, is no reede nor roote of a reede, but is the roote of a certayne herbe lyke vnto the Yellow Flagge or bastard Acorus, the whiche roote is nowe taken for the right Acorus.

❀ The Nature.

The Cane Reede is hoate and drie, as Galensayth.

[ 9] The Aromatical and sweete Cane, is also hoate & dry in the second degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Cane Reede or Spier, pound smal and layd to, draweth forth thornes and splinters, and mingled with vineger it swageth the paine of mem∣bers out of ioynt.

[ B] The greene tender leaues finely stamped and layde to, healeth cholerique inflammations or wilde fier, also hoate swellinges and impostumes.

[ C] The ashes of the Pole Reede mingled with vineger and layde to, healeth the roome and scales of the head, whiche do cause the heare to fal of.

[ D] The Aromatical or sweete Calamus being dronken, prouoketh vrine, and boyled with Parsley seede, is good agaynst the strangnrie, the payne of the raynes, the bladder and dropsie.

[ E] The same taken in any kind of wayes, is very agreable to al y^e inner partes, as the stomacke, the liuer, the spleene, the matrix, & agaynst burstinges or rup∣tures.

❧ The Danger.

The downe that is in the top of the Cane reede, or in the tufting tassels ther of, if it chaunce to fal into the eares, bringeth such a deafenesse, as is hard to be cured.

Of Reede Grasse. Chap. lv.

❀ The Description.

REede grasse hath long nar∣row leaues, two edged or sharpe on both sides, with a sharpe crest or backe, ray∣sed vp, so that they seeme almost triangled or three square. The stalkes growe amongst the leaues, to the height of two or three foote or more, and do beare about the vpper part of the stalkes rounde prickley knoppes, or boullettes, as bigge as a Nut. The roote is ful of hearie stringes.

❀ The Place.

It groweth in this Countrie in moyst medowes, & in the borders, or brinkes of ditches & riuers.

❀ The Tyme.

It bringeth foorth his boullettes, or prickley knoppes in August.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in base Almaigne Rietgras, and therefore some take it for a kinde of grasse which Dioscorides cal∣leth in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Calamagro∣stis: in Latine Gramen Arundinaceum: in Englishe, Reede grasse. With the which it hath no likenesse, and therefore it serueth better to be named Platanaria, and lykewise it is not lyke vnto Spar∣gamum, but it is more lyke that Butomon of Theophrastus, that likewise in Greeke is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

[illustration]

Platanaria.

❀ The Nature.

It is of a colde and drie complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Some write, that the knoppes or rough buttons of this herbe boyled in wine, are good agaynst the bitinges of venemous beastes, if it be either dron∣ken, or the wounde be washed therewith.

Of Rattel grasse. Chap. lvi.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two kindes of this grasse, one which beareth redde flowers, and leaues finely iagged or snipt, the other hath pale yellow flowers, and long narrowe leaues snipt like a sawe rounde about the edges.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe first kind hath leaues very smal iagged, or dented, spread abrode vpō the ground: The stalkes be weake & smal, wherof some lye along tray∣ling vpon the ground, & do beare the litle leaues: the rest do growe vp∣right, as high as a mans hand, & vpon them grow the flowers from the midle of the stemme round about, euen hard vp to the top, of a browne red or purple color, somwhat like to y^e flower of the red nettle. The which being fallē away, there grow in their place litle flat powches or huskes, wherein the seede is con∣teined, which is flat, & blackish. The roote is smal & tender.

[illustration]

Fistularia. Reede Rattel.

[illustration]

Crista gallinacea. Yellow Rattel.

[ 2] The seconde kind hath a straight stemme, set about with narrowe leaues, snipt rounde about vpon the edges. The flowers growe rounde about the stemme, at the highest of the stalke, fashioned like the flowers of the first kinde, sauing that they be of fainte or pale yellowe colour, or whitishe, after the whiche there come vp litle flat pow∣ches or purses, couered as it were with a litle bladder, or flat skin, open before like the mouth of a bladder. Within the litle purses is the seede, the whiche is flat, yellowe or brownish. The roote is small and short.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] That with the red flowers groweth in moyst medowes, and is very noy∣some to the same.

[ 2] That with the pale or yellowe flowers, groweth in drie medowes, and in the feeldes also, and is to them very euill and hurtful.

❀ The Tyme.

[ 1] That with the red flowers, flowreth in May, and his seede is ripe in Iune.

[ 2] The other flowreth in Iune and Iuly, and almost all the sommer.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first is called of the writers in these dayes, Fistularia, and Crista, and of some in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Phthirion: in Latine Pedicularis, that is to say, Louse herbe: in high Douche Braun Leuszkraut, bycause the cattell that pasture where plentie of this grasse groweth, become full of lice. They call it also in high Douch Rodel, and Browne Rodel: in base Almaigne, Roode Ratelen: some take it for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Alectorolophos of Plinie: in Englishe, Redde Rattel.

[ 2] The other kind is called of the writers in these dayes Crista gallinacea, and Crista galli, bycause that in proportion of flowers and pouches, it is like to Red Rattel: in high Douch Geel Rodel: in base Almaigne, Geel and witte Ratelē, & of some Hanekammekens, that is to say, Hennes Commes, or Coxecombes: also yellowe or white Rattel. This may wel be that herbe, whereof Plinie writeth in his xviii. booke, the xxviii. Chapter, and there is called Nimmulus, the which is very hurtfull to medowes.

¶ The Nature.

Both of these herbes are colde, drie, and astringent.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Redde Rattel is taken of the Physitions in these dayes, against the fluxe menstruall, and all other issue of blood, boyled in wine and drunken.

[ B] The other kinde hath no peculier vertue that I knowe.

Of the Thistel Chameleon. Chap. lvii.

❀ The Kindes.

Chamaeleon is of two sortes, as Dioscorides writeth, the white and the blacke.

The figures which my Aucthor attributeth to Leucacantha, wil agree well with this de∣scription, and they be so placed of Matthiolus.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THe great Chameleon, hath great brode prickley leaues, not much vnlike the wilde Thistle, but rougher & sharper, the which leaues are greater, stronger & grosser, then the leaues of the blacke Cha∣meleon: amongst which leaues there riseth immediatly from the roote, a prickley head or bowle, almost like the heades of Harti∣chokes, and beareth a purple thrommed flower like veluet. The seede is almost lyke the seede of bastarde saffron. The roote is long, and white within, of a sweete taste, and aromaticall smell.

[ 2] The blacke Chameleons leaues, are also almost lyke to the leaues of the wilde Thistel, but smaller and finer, and sprinckled or spotted with red spottes. The stemme is reddish or browne red, of the bignesse of a finger, & groweth to the height of a foote, whervpō grow round heades with smal prickley flowers of diuers coloures, whereof eche flower is not much vnlyke the flowers of the Hyacynthe. The roote is great & firme, or strong, blacke without and yellowish within, sharpe and biting the tongue, the whiche for the most part is found, as it were already tasted or bitten.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The white Chameleon groweth vpon hilles and mountaynes, & such lyke vntoyled places. Yet for all that it desyreth good grounde. It is founde in Spayne in the region of Arragon by the high way sides.

[ 2] The blacke groweth in drye soyles, and places neare the Sea.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Chamaeleo al∣bus, of Apuleius Carduus syluaticus, of some also Erisisceptrum, lx••••, Carduus varinus, Carduus irinus, Carduus lacteus. Matthiolus sayth, that the Italians cal this herbe Carlina in Spayne Cardo pinto: in Frenche Carline.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Chamaeleo niger, of some Pancarpon, Vlophonon, Cynomazon, Cynoxylon, Ocymoides, Cnidos coccos, Carduus niger, Veruilago, Vstilago, &c. Both these kindes are vnknowen in this Countrie.

❧ The Nature.

Chameleon is temperate in heate and drynes, specially the blacke, the which is almost hoate in the seconde degree, and altogither drie in the thirde degree.

❀ The Vertues.

[ 1] [ A] The roote of the white Chameleon dronken with redde wine wherin Ori∣ganum hath bene sodden, killeth and bringeth foorth large or brode wormes.

[ B] The same boyled in good wine, is very good for such as haue the Dropsie,

and strangurie, for it delayeth the swelling of them that haue the Dropsie, and dispatcheth vrine.

[ C] It is good against al kindes of venome or poyson that may be giuen.

[ 2] [ D] The roote of the blacke Chameleon, is not very meete to be receiued in∣wardly: for it is indued with a certayne hidden euill qualitie, as Galen sayth, and therefore it was neuer ministred of the Auncientes, but in outward medi∣cines.

[ E] The same with a litle Copperose and Swines grease, healeth the scabbe, and if you put thereto of Brimstone and Rosen or Tarre, it wil heale the hoate running or creeping scabbe or scurffe, foule tetters, and all noughtie itche or manginesse.

[ F] The same layde to in the Sonne but onely with Brimstone, putteth away the creeping scabbe and tetter, white spottes, sonne burning, and other suche de∣formities of the face.

[ G] The decoction of this roote boyled in water or vineger being holden in the mouth, healeth the tooth ache. The lyke propertie hath the roote, broken or brused with Pepper and Salt, to be applyed and layde vppon the noughtie tooth.

Of Sea Holly. Chap. lviij.

❀ The Kindes.

IN this Countrie is founde two kindes of Eryngium, the one called the great Eryngium, or Eryngium of the Sea, and the other is called but Eryn∣gium onely.

[illustration]

Eryngium marinum. Sea Holly.

[illustration]

Eryngium vulgare. The hundred headed Thistel.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE great Eryngium hath great, large, whitishe, somewhat rounde and thicke leaues, a litle crompled or cronkeled about the edges, set here and there with certayne prickles rounde about vppon the edges, the sayde leaues be of an aromaticall or spicelyke taste. The stalkes be rounde, and growe about the height of a foote, of a reddishe colour belowe neare the grounde, vpon the toppes of the branches come foorth round knoppie and sharpe prickley heades, about the quantitie of a nut, set rounde a∣bout full of small flowers, most commonly of a Celestiall or skie colour, and in this Countrie they haue small tippes or white markes. And harde ioyning vnder the flowers grow fiue or fixe small prickley leaues, set in compasse round about the stalke like a starre, the whiche with the vppermost part of the stemme are altogither of a skie colour in this Countrey. The roote is of ten or twelue foote long, and oftentimes so long, that you cannot drawe it vp whole, as bigge as ones finger, full of ioyntes by spaces, and of a pleasant taste.

[ 2] The seconde kinde hath broade crompled leaues, al to pounced and iagged, whitish, & set rounde about with sharpe prickles. The stalke is of a foote long, with many branches, at the toppe whereof growe rounde, rough, and prickle bullettes or knoppes, like to the heades of Sea Holly or Huluer, but muche smaller, vnderneath which knoppes grow also fiue or fixe small narrow sharpe leaues, set rounde about the stemme after the fashion of Starres. The roote is long and playne or single, as bigge as a mans finger, blackishe without, and white within.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] Erynge, as Dioscorides writeth, groweth in rough vntoyled feeldes: it is founde in this Countrie in Zealand, & Flaunders, vpon banckes, and alongst by the Sea coast.

[ 2] The common Erynge groweth also in this Countrie in the like places: it groweth also in Almaigne alongst by the riuer Rhene, and in drie Countries by the high wayes. There is plentie growing about Strasbourge.

❀ The Tyme.

Both these kindes do bring foorth their flowers in this Countrie, in Iune and Iuly.

❧ The Names.

[ 1] The first kinde of these Thistels is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Eryn∣gium: Plinie calleth it also Erynge: the writers of our time cal it Eryngium ma∣rinum: the Arabians with the Apothecaries cal it Iringus: in Almaigne Cruys∣wortele, and Endeloos, and in some places of Flaunders, Meere wortele: in Englishe, Sea Holme, or Huluer, and Sea Holly.

[ 2] The other kinde is called in English, the Hundred headed Thistel: in French Chardon a cent testes: in high Douch Manstrew, Brachen distel, and Rad distel: in base Almaigne Cruysdistel: in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus. This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium, the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita.

❀ The Nature.

[ 1] Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde, yet of drie and subtil partes.

[ 2] The hundred headed Thistell, is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste.

❀ The Vertues.

[ 1] [ A] The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade, and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes, as Dioscorides writeth.

[ B] The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken, are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly, for it cureth them, and driueth foorth windinesse.

[ C] The same taken in the same manner, bringeth foorth womens natural sick∣nesse.

[ D] It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled, against the stone and grauel, and against the payne to make water, for it prouoketh vrine, driueth foorth the stone, & cureth the infirmities, that chaunce to the kidneyes, if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another.

[ E] The same rootes taken in the same manner, are good for suche as be liuer sicke, and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes, or haue receiued or dronke poyson, especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot.

[ F] It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe, and the falling sicknesse.

[ G] The greene herbe is good to be pounde, and layde to the bytinges of vene∣mous beastes, especially to the bitinges of Frogges.

[ H] The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium, to be giuen to the aged, and olde people, and others that are con∣sumed or withered, to nourishe and restore them againe.

[ 2] [ I] The roote of Centumcapita, or the Thistel of a hundred heades, is likewise comfited, to restore, nourishe, and strengthen, albeit it commeth not neare by a great way, to the goodnesse of the other.

Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop. Chap. lix.

❀ The Description.

STarre Thistell hath softe fri∣sed leaues, deepely cutte or gaysle, the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high, full of branches, wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles, but muche smaller, and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles, fashioned lyke a Starre at y^e beginning, either greene or browne redde, but afterwarde pale or white: when those heades do opē, they bring foorth a purple flower, & afterwarde a small flat and round seede, the roote is long and somewhat browne with∣out.

¶ The Place.

This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places, & alongst the waies, & is founde in great quantitie, about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe, nere to the riuer Scelde, and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne.

❀ The Tyme.

This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly, vntill August.

[illustration]

Carduus stellatus.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus, and Stellaria, also Calcit••apa: and some take it for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Polyacanthus of Theophrast, the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa, they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape: in high Douch, Wallen Distell, ano Raden Distel: in base Almaigne, Sterre distel: in English, Starre Thistel, or Caltrop.

❀ The Nature.

This Thistel also is of a hoate nature, as the taste of the roote doth shewe.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke, to prouoke vrine, and to driue foorth grauel, and against the strangury.

Of the Teasel. Chap. lx.

❀ The Kindes.

THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes, the tame & the wild. The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes, the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe, & serueth to smal purpose.

[illustration]

Dipsacum satiuum. Fullers Teasel.

[illustration]

Dipsacum syluestre. Wilde Teasel.

[ 1] THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long, and large, hackt round about with natches, lyke the teeth of a sawe, betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more, with many branches, set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles, and spaced or se∣uered

by ioyntes, & at euery of the sayd ioyntes, grow two great long leaues, the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither, round about the stalke, that it holdeth the water, falling either by rayne or dewe, so sure, as a dishe or bason. At the top of the branches growe long, rough, and prickle heades, set full of hookes: out of the same knops or heades, grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins, like the honie Combe, in whiche Chambers or Celles (after the falling away of the flower) is found a sede like Fenil, but bitter in taste. The knoppes or heades are holow within, and for the most part hauing wormes in them, the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades. The roote is long, playne, and white.

[ 2] The wild Teasel is much like to the other, but his leaues be narrower, and his flowers purple, the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde, nor sharpe as the other.

[ 3] There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels, the which grow highest of al the other sortes, whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut, in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie, and in other places of Flaun∣ders, to serue Fullers and Clothworkers.

[ 2] The wild groweth in moyst places, by brookes, riuers, & such other places.

❀ The Tyme.

Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly.

¶ The Names.

This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Dipsacum, and Labrū Veneris, of some also Chamaeleon, Crocodilion, Onocardion, Cneoron, Meleta, Cinara rustica, Moraria, Carduus Veneris, Veneris lauacrum, & Sciaria: in Shoppes Virga Pastoris, and Carduus Fullonum. in French Verge de berger, Car∣don a Foulon or A Carder: in high Douche Karten distel, Bubenstrel, Weberkar∣ten: in base Almaigne, Caerden, and Volders Caerden: in Englishe, Fullers Teasel, Carde Thistell, and Venus bath or Bason.

[ 1] The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum, and Dipsacum album.

[ 2] The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris, or Purpurea.

❀ The Nature.

The roote of Carde Thistell (as Galen saith) is drie in the seconde degree, and somwhat scouring.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Teasell boyled in wine, and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment, healeth the chappes, riftes, and fistulas of the fundement. But to preserue this oyntment, ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper.

[ B] The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Tea∣selles, do cure and heale the Quartayne ague, to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme, as Dioscorides writeth.

Of Artechokes. Chap. lxi.

❀ The Kyndes.

[ 1] There is now found two kindes of Artechokes, the one with brode leaues, and nothing prickley, which is called the right Artechoke, the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes, which may be called the Thistell, or prickley Artechoke.

❀ The Description.

THe right Artechoke hath great long broade leaues, like the leaues of our Ladyes Thistel, but blacker, greater, & without prickles, amongst the whiche springeth vp a stalke garnished or set here and there with

[illustration]

Cynara. Artechokes.

[illustration]

Cynaraealiud genus. Prickley Artechokes.

the like leaues, but smaller, bearing at the top great rounde scalie heades, the whiche at their opening beare a purple flower or blossom, and after it yeeldeth seede, like to the seede of our Ladies Thistel, but greater. The roote is long and grosse.

[ 2] The Thistell or prickley Artechoke, hath great long leaues, very much and deepely cut vpō both sides (euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues) and full of sharpe cruel prickles. The stalke is long, vpon the which grow scaly heades, almost like the others.

They are both of one kinde, & not otherwise to be accounted: for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other, especially the Thistell Artechoke com∣meth of the seede of the right Arrechoke. Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius, who commaunded to breake the point of the seede, for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde.

¶ The Place.

These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde, but are sowen and planted in gardens.

❀ The Tyme.

The right & prickley Artechokes, bring forth their great heades in August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] This kinde of Thistell, especially the first sorte, is called of Galen in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. of Math. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Cynara, Cinara, Carduus, & Carduus satiuus, of writers of our time, Arocum, Alcoralum and Articocalus: in Frenche Arti∣chaut: in Italian Articoca: in high Douch Strobildorn: in Brabāt Artichauts,

folowing the Frenche: the heades be called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Spondyli: in Englishe, the great and right Artechok.

[ 2] The other is called Cinaraacuta: in French Chardonnerette: in Brabant, Char∣dons. It may be wel Englished, the Thistel or prickley Artichoke.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

[ A] The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten, as Galen writeth in his boooke, De Alimentis and of harde digestion, wherefore they engender noughtie humours, especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared. Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus, in some good broth of beefe or other flesh, then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle, salt and vineger: some vse them rawe with pepper and salt, and the powder of Coriander, and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste. They are not vsed in medicine, as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth.

[ B] Some write, if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok (being first srieped or soked in strong wine) be eaten, that they prouoke vrine, and stirre vp the lust of the body.

[ C] Also they write, that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes, if after the taking cleane away of the pith, the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken. For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine, whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended.

[ D] The same boyled in water and dronken, doth strengthen the stomacke, and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women, that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children.

[ E] The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter, doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women, it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer, and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter. It stayeth the inuo∣luntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman.

Of our Zadyes Thistell. Chap. lxij.

❀ The Description.

OVr Ladies Thistel hath great, broade, white, greene leaues, speckled w^t many white spots, & set rounde about with sharpe prickles. The stalkes be long, as bigge as ones finger, at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles, out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers, and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe. The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus, but lesser, rounder, and blacker. The roote is long, thicke and white.

[illustration]

Spina alba. Our Ladyes Thistel.

❀ The Place.

Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie, almost in euery garden of potherbes, and is also founde in rough vntoyled places.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iune and Iuly, the same yere it is first sowen, and when it hath brought foorth his seede, it decayeth and starueth.

❀ The Names.

This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Spina alba, of some also Agriocinara, Donacitis, Erysisceptrum, Spina regia, and Carduus Rampta∣rius: of the Arabian Physitions, Bedeguar: in Englishe, Our Ladies Thistell: in Frenche, Chardou nostre Dame: in high Douche Marien Distel, and Frauwen Distel: in base Almaigne, Onser Vrouwen Distel: in shoppes, Carduus Mariae.

❀ The Nature.

The roote of our Ladies Thistel, is dry and astringent. The seede is hoate, and of subtill partes.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine, is good for them that spit blood, and for those that haue feeble stomackes, and lose bellyes.

[ B] Taken in the same sort, it prouoketh vrine, and driueth it foorth.

[ C] It consumeth colde and soft swellinges, being layde therevnto.

[ D] The wine wherein it hath bene boyled, swageth the tooth ache.

[ E] The seede is giuen with great profite, to children that be troubled with the crampe, or the drawing awry of any member, and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes, or other venemous beastes.

Of the Globe Thistel. Chap. lxiij.

❀ The Description.

THis thistel hath also great broade leaues, of a sadde greene colour aboue, or in the vpper side, and next the grounde they are rough, & of a grayish colour, deepely iagged and hackt rounde about, the in∣dented edges are full of sharpe & prickley pointes. The stalke is rounde, and blat∣kishe, as bigge as ones finger, and of foure or fiue foote long, whervpon grow faire round heades, and rough, bearing rounde about a great many of smal whi∣tish flowers mixt with blew. The roote is browne without.

❀ The Place.

This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie, and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes, and such as loue herbes.

[illustration]

Spina peregrina.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iune and Iuly, a yere after it hath bene sowen.

❀ The Names.

The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes, in Latine, Spina pere∣grina: & of Valerius Cordus, Carduus Sphaerocephalus: in high Douche Welsch Distel, or Romisch distel: in base Almaigne, Roomsche distel, & Vremde distel, that is to say, the Romaynes Thistel, or the strange Thistel. How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes, we knowe not, except it be Acanthus syluestris, wherewithall it seemes to be much like. Turner calleth it Ote Thistel, or Cot∣ton Thistel: in folowing Valerius Cordus, we may also call it Globe Thistell, bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle.

❀ The Nature.

This strange Thistel is hoate and drie, the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell, in rubbing it betweene your handes: also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] This Thistell is not in vse that I knowe, except as some do write, that in Italy they boyle the round heades with flesh, and eate them like Hartechokes.

Of white Cotton Thistel. Chap. lciiij.

❀ The Description.

ACanthium is not muche vnlyke our Ladies Thistell, it beareth great large leaues al to mangled and cut by the edges, and set full of sharpe prickles, couered and layd ouer with a fine Cotton or soft downe. The stalke is great & thicke set full of prickiey stings, at the top of the stalkes are rough heades, in sashion like to the heades of our Ladies Thistel. The roote is great and thicke.

❀ The Place.

This Thistell groweth here by the high wayes and borders of feeldes, and in sandy vntoyled places.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth from the moneth of Iune, vnto the eude of August, and sometimes longer.

❀ The Names.

This Thistel is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Acanthium: in high Douche Weisz wege distel: in neather Douche laude, Witte wech Distel, and Wilde or Groote witte Distel: in Frenche Chardon argentin, or Chardon saluage: in Englishe White Cotton Thistell, Wilde white Thistell, and Argentine, or Siluer Thistel.

[illustration]

Acanthium.

❀ The Nature.

This Thistel is hoate of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Dioscorides and Galen write, that the leaues or rootes of Acanthium dron∣ken, are good for such as are troubled with the cricke or shrinking of sinewes, by meanes of the Crampe.

Of Granke Orsine. Chap. lxv.

❀ The Kyndes.

BRanke Vrsine called Acanthos in Greeke, is of two sortes, as Dioscorides sayth, to wit, the garden and wilde Branke Vrsine.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] The tame Acanthus hath great large leaues, of a sadde greene color, thicke and grosse, smooth, & deepely cut in, rent, or iagged by the sydes or borders, lyke the leaues of white Senuie, or Roquet. The stalke is long, of the bignesse of ones finger, coue∣red with long, little, and sharpe poynted leaues, euen all alongst vp to the toppe: a∣mongst the leaues doo growe fayre white flowers, and after them broade huskes, wherein is founde a yellowish seede. The rootes be long and slymie.

[ 2] The wild Acanthus is lyke to the wild Thistell, rough and prickley, but smaller then the aforesayde, as Dioscorides wri∣teth. It is of leaues, flowers, and seede, growing vpwarde, lyke vnto the tame.

❀ The Place.

Branke Vrsine groweth in gardens, and in moyst stonie places, as Dioscorides sayth. In this Countrie it is founde but onely in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

The garden Branke Vrsine, flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August, and sometimes later.

[illustration]

Acanthus satiuus. Branke Vrsine.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The tame or garden Branke Vrsine, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Acanthus, and Acantha, of some Paederota, Herpacantha, Melamphyl∣lon, Topiaria, Marmoraria, and Craepula: in the Shoppes of Italy and France, Branca Vrsina: in Englishe, Branke Vrsine: in Frenche, Branche Vrsine: in high Douche, Bernklaw: in base Almaigne, Beerenclauw. It is knowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie, for they vse in stede of the same, the herbe described in the next Chapt. Cooper in his Dictionarie, calleth it Branke Vrsine, Beare Briche, and not Bearefoote, as some haue taken it.

[ 2] The wylde is called of Dioscorides, Acanthus syluestris, that is to say, the wilde Acanthus.

❀ The Nature.

The roote of Acanthus is drie, and temperate in heate.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The rootes of Acanthus taken in drinke, do prouoke vrine and stoppe the belly. They be excellent for suche as be troubled with crampes or drawing togither of sinewes, and for such as be broken, and those that haue the Ptysike or consumption, or consuming feuer.

[ B] The same greene is good against burning, and members out of ioynt, and with the same is made very good playsters agaynst the gowte of the handes and feete.

[ 2] [ C] Dioscorides saith, that the wilde Acanthus hath the same vertue.

Of Douch Branck vrsine. Chap. lxvi.

❀ The Description.

THE wilde Carrot, or Cow Parsenep, hath great rough blacke leaues, much clouen & diuided, into fiue or sixe lesser leaues. The stalke is long, round, and holowe within, full of ioyntes, and sometimes of an inche thicke, at the top of the stalkes growe spokie flowers, which are white, & after commeth the seede whiche is broade and flatte. The roote is white and long.

¶ The Place.

The wilde Carrot groweth alongst the borders of feeldes, and in lowe grassie pla∣ces and medowes.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly, and in this space the seede is ripe.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in high and base Al∣maigne, Branca vrsina, and of some writers of our time. Pseudacanthus, or Acanthus Germanica: in Frenche Panaiz sauuage: in Douche Bernclaw, or Berntaisz: in Bra∣bant, Beerenclauw: in English, Wild Car∣rot, or Douche Brank vrsine.

Some take it to be the herbe called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Spondylium. Turner calleth it Cowe Parsnep, or Medo Parsnep.

❀ The Nature.

Medow or Cow Parsnep, is of a mani∣fest warme complexion.

[illustration]

Branca vrsina Germanica. Wild Carrot, or Cow Parsnep.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Douche Branck vrsine doth consume and dissolue colde swellinges, if it be brused and layde therevpon.

[ B] The people of Polonia, and Lituania, vse to make drinke with the decoc∣tion of this herbe and leauen, or some suche lyke thing, the whiche they vse in steede of Bier, or other ordinarie drinke.

Turner ascribeth moe Vertues to his Spondilion.

Of Carline Thistel. Chap. lxvij.

❀ The Kindes.

OF this kind of thistel there be two sorts. The one beareth white flowers vpon a stalke of a handful and a halfe long, or somwhat more. The other beareth a red flower without stemme.

[illustration]

Leucacantha. Carlina. White Caroline Thistel.

[illustration]

Spina Arabica. Carlina minor. The Arabian thistel, or the lesser Caroline.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE white Carline, hath long, narrow, rough, and prickley leaues, deepely cut and mingled vpon both sides or edges, and they haue red sinewes or ribbes in the middest of the leaues, from amongst those leaues springeth vp a stemme or stalke of a handfull and a halfe long, or somewhat more, bearing suche leaues as aforesayd, vpon whiche stemme groweth a round flat head, set round about with sharpe prickles, lyke the shelles or huskes of the Chestnut, the which head or knappe is open, & wide aboue in the middle, and thromde lyke Veluet, and rounde about that Veluet, throm, or Crowne, standeth a pale or inclosure, of proper small white leaues, whiche is the flower: the flowers being past, you shall finde a narrowe gray seede amongst the fine heare or downe. The roote is long and rounde, most commonly split, & diuided through the middest, of aplea∣sant smell, and sharpe bitter taste.

[ 2] The seconde kinde is lyke the other in leaues and rootes, but it is smaller. The flowers be of a fayre redde colour lyke the rose, and growe harde by the

leaues, immediatly from the roote without stalke', almost lying harde by the grounde. The roote is reddish, and of a strong smell.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The white Carline groweth in many places of Italy, and Douchlande vpon high rough hilles. The Herboristes of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens.

[ 2] The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland, and in Fraunce, as Ruellius writeth, it is yet vnknowen to vs.

❀ The Tyme.

These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉(the whiche name is distinct, and separated from Acantha leuce, as Dioscorides writeth) of some it is called Polygonatum, Phyllon, and Ischias, of the Auncient Romaynes Spi∣na alba: nowe they call it Carlina, or Carolina, bycause of Charlemaigne Empe∣rour of the Romaynes, vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel, as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence: some call it also Cardopa∣tium: in Frenche, Carline: in high Douche, Eberwurtz, Grosz Eberwurtz, and Waisz Eberwurtz: in base Almaigne, Euerwortele, Witte Euerwortele, and Carlina.

[ 2] The other is also a kinde of Carline, and is called in Frenche, Petite Carline: in high Douch, Klein Eberwurtz: and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele, and Cleyne Carlina. Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel, whiche is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Spina Arabica, of some Acanthis, and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha.

❀ The Nature.

The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree, and drie in the thirde.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of Carline boyled in wine, is very good for the olde greefes of the side, and against the Sciatica, if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden.

[ B] The same taken in lyke manner, is good for them that are bursten, and trou∣bled with the Crampe, or drawing togither of the sinewes.

[ C] The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme, is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence, for as we may reade, al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne, was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence.

[ D] The same roote holden in the mouth, is good against the tooth ache.

[ E] The same layde to with vineger, healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche.

[ F] The lesser Carline is the Thistel, which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica, and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha, it stoppeth all issue of blood, the inor∣dinate course of womens flowers, and the falling downe of Rheumes and Ca∣tarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes, so that it be eaten. Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues, called in English, Saint Marie Thistel. Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus, if theirallegations be true, this place is to be amended. Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon, where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne. The figures here expressed, Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon, and to Leucacantha, he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie, or our Ladyes Thistel, whereof we haue before written. Chapt. 63.

Of Wilde Caroline. Chap. lxviij.

❀ The Description.

THis Thistel hath lōg narrow leaues, deeply cut vpon both edges or sides, and prickley, much lyke to the leaues of Carlina: from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme, about a foote high, set ful of such leaues as are before described, at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe, set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut, the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle, and about the round∣nesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower. To conclude, the knoppes with their prickles, flowers, and seede, do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline, sa∣uing they be smaller & paler turning towardes yellowe. The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue.

❀ The Place.

This Thistel groweth in this Countrie, in rude vntoyled places, about the high wayes.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iuly and August.

[illustration]

Carlina syluestris.

❀ The Names.

This Thistel is called in high Douch, Drey∣distel, Frauwen Distel, and Seuw Distel, and in base Almaigne likewise, Dryedistel. It shoulde seeme, that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline, and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris, that is to say, Wilde Carline. It may be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Acorna of Theophraste.

❀ The Nature.

This Thistel is hoate of complexion. But what vertue or working it is of, is yet vnknowen.

Of wilde bastarde Saffron. Chap. lxix.

❀ The Description.

THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus, that is to saye, the right Bastarde Saffron. The leaues be rough and prickley, the little heades or knoppes are deckte, with many small narrow leaues, sharpe pointed and pricking out, of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers, lyke as in Carthamus, of a faynt yellowishe colour, but much paler, than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past, there is founde within the knoppie heades, a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus, but browner.

¶ The Place.

This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie, but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes.

❀ The Tyme.

This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Atractilis, Syluestris Cnecus, Fusus a∣gre••••is, Colus rustica, of some also A∣myron, Aspidion, Aphedron, and Prę∣sepium: they call it nowe a dayes, Syl∣uestris Carthamus: in French, Quenoille rustique, Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus: vnknowen in Shoppes: in Englishe, Wilde Car∣thamus, or Wilde bastarde Saffron.

❀ The Nature.

Wild bastard Saffron hath a dry∣ing qualitie, and partly digestiue.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The tender Croppes, leaues, and seede of this Thistel, wel brayed with Pepper and wine, is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions.

[ B] Men say also (as Dioscorides hath written) that such as be stongue with the Scorpion, do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes, but as soone as they let it goe, the ache and payne ta∣keth them agayne.

[illustration]

Atractilis.

Of Blessed Thistel. Chap. lxx.

❀ The Description.

BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues, deepely cut, and parted on both sides or edges. The stalkes be al∣so rough & hearie, creeping or rather lying vpon the ground, and set full of smal leaues, but lyke the other, it bea∣reth rough knoppes or heades, beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted, little prickley leaues, out of whiche growe the flowers, of a faint yellowish colour. The whiche being past and gone, there is founde in the knoppes, a long gray seede (bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende) laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cot∣ton. The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes.

❀ The Place.

This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens.

[illustration]

Atractilis birsutior.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iune, and Iuly.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is also taken of Plinie, and Theophrast, for a kind of Atractilis, and they call it Atractilis hirsutior. It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus be∣nedictus, and Cardo benedictus, and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss: in high Douch Cardobenedict, and Besegneter Distel: in base Almaigne Cardobenedictus: in Englishe, Blessed Thistel, and Carduus benedictus.

❀ The Nature.

Blessed Thistel is hoate and drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The Blessed Thistel taken in meate or drinke, is good agaynst the great payne, and swimming giddinesse of the head, it doth strengthen memorie, and is a singuler remedie against deafenesse.

[ B] The same boyled in wins and dronken hoate, healeth the griping paynes of the belly, causeth sweate, prouoketh vrine, driueth out grauel, and moueth wo∣mens flowers.

[ C] The wine, wherein it hath bene boyled, doth cleanse and mundifie the infec∣ted stomacke, and is very good to be dronken against feuer quartaynes.

[ D] The powder thereof dronken in wine, doth ripe and digest cold fleme in the stomacke, and purgeth, and bringeth vp that which is in the breast, scouring the same, and causeth to fetche breath more easily.

[ E] To be taken in like manner, it is good for such as begin to haue the Ptysick or consumption.

[ F] A Nut shell full of the powder of Carduus benedictus, is giuen with great profite against the pestilence: so that suche as be infected with the sayde disease, do receiue of the powder, as is abouesayde, within the space of xxiiij. houres, and afterward sweate, they shalbe deliuered incontinent. The like vertue hath the wine of the decoction of the same herbe, dronken within xxiiij. houres after the taking of the sayde sicknesse.

[ G] The Blessed Thistel, or the iuyce, thereof, taken in what sorte soeuer it be, is singuler good agaynst al poyson, so that whatsoeuer he be that hath taken poy∣son; he shall not be hurt therewithall, if immediatly he take of Carduus bene∣dictus into his body, as was proued by two young folke, whiche when they could not be holpē with treacle, yet were they made whole by the vse of blessed Thistel, as Hierome Bock writeth.

[ H] The iuyce of the same dropped into the eyes, taketh away the rednesse, and dropping of the eyes.

[ I] The greene herbe pound and layd to, is good agaynst al hoate swellinges, Erysipilas, and sores or botches that be harde to be cured, especially for them of the pestilence, and it is good to be layde vpon the bitinges of Serpentes, and other venemous beastes.

Of Scolymus, or the Wilde Thistel. Chap. lxxi.

❀ The Kindes.

IN this Countrie there is founde three sortes of wilde Thistelles, commonly growing by the way sydes, and in the borders of feeldes, and in wooddes, the whiche are all comprised vnder the name of wilde Thistelles.

[illustration]

Scolymus. Carduus syluestris. Wild Thistel.

[illustration]

Cardui syluestris tertium genus. The third kind of wild Thistel.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kinde of these Thistels groweth about a foote & a halfe high, it hath a round stem ful of branches, and set with prickley leaues, like the leaues of Acanthium, but smaller, and nothing at all frized or Cot∣tonie, & of a browner colour, at the top of the stalke grow round rough knops, set round about full of sharpe prickles, in fashion lyke to a Hedge Hogge, the whiche being open, do shewe foorth a faire purple flower, within the whiche groweth the seede lyke to the seede of the other Thistelles, but smaller. The roote is long and browne, and very full of threddes, or sucking stringes.

[ 2] The second kinde groweth three or foure foote high, and beareth a rounde naked stemme, with a few branches. The leaues be like to the leaues aforesaid, set on euery syde with sharpe prickles, but they be smaller, and not so large as the leaues of the other. The knoppes smal and somewhat long, not very sharpe or pricking: the whiche when it openeth, putteth foorth a purple flower. The roote is blacke and of a foote long.

[ 3] The third kind of wild Thistel groweth also to the length of three or foure foote, hauing a straight stemme, without many branches, but set full of cruell prickles, the leaues are lyke to them of the seconde kinde. The knoppes of this Thistel, are smaller then the knoppes of the seconde. The flowers are purple. The seede is white and very smal. And for his roote, it is nothing els but smal hearie sucking stringes.

❀ The Place.

These Thistels grow in all places of this Countrie, by the way sides, & in

the feeldes. The second and the third sort are lykewise founde in medowes.

❀ The Tyme.

The Thistels flower in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1.2] These Thistels be called Cardui syluestres, that is to say, Wild Thistels, & the two first sortes are of that kind of wild Thistels, called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, & of Plinie in Latin Carduus syluestris, & also Limoniū, of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pherusa, and Pyracantha. Cooper calleth this, wild Artichoke and Cowthistel.

[ 3] The third is also a kinde of wild Thistel, yet it is not Scolymus, but it may be wel called Carduus Asininus, that is to say, Asse Chistel.

❀ The Nature.

The wilde Thistel is hoate and dry in the second degree, as Galen writeth.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of the wilde Thistel, especially that of the second kinde, which is blacke and long, boyled in wine & dronke, purgeth by vrine, and driueth forth al superfluities of the blood, & causeth the vrine to stincke, & to be of a strong smel: also it amendeth the stenche of the armepittes, and of all the rest of the body.

[ B] The same layd to with vineger, healeth the wild scurffe, & noughty scabbe.

[ C] Plinie writeth, that in some places men do vse to eate this roote, & the first buddes or tender croppes of the same, as Galen reporteth, but it nourisheth but little, and the nourishment that it yeeldeth, is waterie and nought.

Of Tribulus. Chap. lxxij.

❀ The Kyndes.

THeophrast and Dioscorides haue described two kindes of Tribulus, the one of the lande, whiche is also of two kindes. The other of the water, called Saligot.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE first kind of Tribulus terre∣stris, hath long branches, ful of ioyntes, spread abroade vpon the ground, garnished with many leaues, set about with a sort of litle round leaues, stāding in order one by another, all faste∣ned and hanged by one sinewe or ribbe, lyke the leaues of y^e Ciche pease, amongst whiche growe small yellowe flowers, made & fashioned of fiue small leaues, almost like the leaues of Tormētil, or white Tansey called in Latine Potentilla, the whiche doo turne to a square fruit, ful of sharpe prickles, wherein is a Nut or kernel, the roote is white & ful of threedy stringes.

[illustration]

Tribulus terrestris Theophrasti prior.

[ 2] The Saligot or water Tribulus, hath long slender stalkes growing vp, and rising from the bottom of the wa∣ter, and mounting aboue the same, weake and slender, beneath vnder the water, hauing here and there certaine tuftes or tassels, full of small stringes and fine threddie heares, but the sayde stalke is big or great in the vpper part, where as the leaues grow foorth vpō long stemmes: the said leaues be large and somewhat round, a litle creauesed and toothed rounde about, amongst, & vnder the leaues groweth the fruite, which is triangled, harde, sharpe poin∣ted, and prickley. Within the whiche is conteined a white kernel or nut, in tast almost lyke to the Chestnut.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The first groweth by the way sides, and neare vnto waters, in vntoyled places. It is founde in Italy and some places of Fraunce. It groweth abun∣dantly in Thracia.

[illustration]

Tribulus aquaticus. Saligot.

[ 2] Saligot is found in certayne places of this Countrie, as in stues & pondes of cleare water.

❀ The Tyme.

Grounde Tribulus flowreth in Iune, and after that it bringeth foorth his prickley seede.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Tribulus, and Tribulus terrestris This is the first kinde of Tribulus terrestris, or grounde Tribulus described of Theophrastus. for he setteth foorth two sortes as we haue before sayde, that is to say, one bearing leaues lyke Ciche peason, whereof we haue nowe geuen you the figure to beholde, and the other hauing prickley leaues, for which cause it is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Phyllacanthus, that is to say, the prickley leafe. The seconde kinde seemeth to be that kinde of Grounde Tribulus which Dioscorides speaketh of in his fourth booke, whiche kinde is yet to vs vnknowen.

[ 2] That whiche groweth in the water, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Tribulus aquaticus: in French Chastaignes d'eau, and Saligot: in high Douch Wassernusz, Weihernusz, Stachelnusz, Spitz nusz: in base Almaigne, Water Noten, and of some Minckysers: in English, Water Nuttes, and Saligot.

❀ The Nature.

[ 1.2] Grounde Tribulus is colde and astringent, is Galen writeth.

[ 3] The Saligot is also of the same complexion, but moyster.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The greene Nuttes or fruite being dronken, is good for them whiche are troubled with the stone and grauell.

[ B] The same dronken or layde to outwardly, helpeth those that are bitten of Vipers. And dronken in wine, it resisteth all venome and poyson.

[ C] The leaues of Saligot or water Tribulus, are very good to be laide plaster∣wise vpon all vlcers, and hoate swellinges.

[ D] They be good also agaynst the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth, the putrefaction, and corruption of the Iawes or gummes, and against the kings euill, and swellinges of the throte.

[ E] The iuyce of them is good to be put into collyries, & medicines for the eyes.

[ F] They vse to giue the powder of the Nuttes to be dronken in wine, to suche as pisse blood and are troubled with grauell.

[ G] Also in time of scarsitie they vse to eate them as foode, but they nourish but litle, and do stoppe the belly very muche.

Of Madder. Chap. lxxiij.

❀ The Kindes.

THere be two sortes of Madder, the tame Madder, the whiche they vse to plant and sowe, and the wild Madder, which groweth of his owne kinde.

[illustration]

Rubia satiua. Garden Madder.

[illustration]

Rubia syluestris. Wilde Madder.

❀ The Description.

[ 1] THE husbanded or garden Madder hath long stalkes or branches, square, rough, and full of ioyntes, and at euery ioynt set rounde with greene narrowe leaues fashioned lyke a Starre, the flowers growe about the top of the branches lyke as in the wilde Madder, of a faynt colour changing vpon yellow, after which commeth a rounde seede, at the first greene, then red, and at the last blacke. The roote is very long, small, and red.

[ 2] The wilde Madder is lyke to that of the garden, but it is smaller, and not so rough. The flowers are white. The roote very smal & tender, and somtimes also reddish.

❀ The Place.

[ 1] The husbanded Madder is planted in Zeelande and Flaunders, and in some places of Brabant, by Berrow, in good and fertill grounde.

[ 2] The wilde groweth generally of it selfe, alongst the feeldes vnder hedges and bushes.

❀ The Tyme.

They do both flower in Iuly and August.

❀ The Names.

[ 1] Madder is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. in Latine Rubia: in Shoppes, Rubia tinctorum: in high Douche, Rodte: in base Almaigne, Rotte, & most commonly Mee, and they call the powder of the Rotte, Meecrappen: in Frenche, Garance: in English, Madder.

[ 2] The wilde is called Rubia syluestris, and of some learned men is thought to be Alysson, of Plinie it is named Mollogo.

❧ The Nature.

Garden Madder is drie of Complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The roote of garden Madder, boyled in Meade or honied water and dron∣ken, openeth the stopping of the liuer, the melt, the kidneyes, and matrix: it is good against the Iaunders, and bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse.

[ B] The same taken in the like manner, prouoketh vrine vehemently, in somuch that the often vse thereof causeth one to pisse blood.

[ C] The decoction of the same dronken, or the powder therof dronken in wine, dissolueth clotted or congeled blood in the body, and is good for such as are fal∣len from high, and are brused or bursten within.

[ D] Men giue the iuyce of the roote to such as be hurt with venemous beastes: and also the wine wherein the rootes and leaues haue boyled.

[ E] The seede thereof taken with Oximel, or honied vineger, doth swage and make lesse the Melt, and healeth the hardnesse thereof.

[ F] The roote put vp vnder into the natural place of conception, in manner of a pessarie, or mother suppositorie, bringeth foorth the birth, the flowers, and se∣cundines.

[ G] The roote brused or pounde very small, healeth al scuruie itche and mangi∣nesse or foulenesse of the body, with spottes of diuers colours, especially layde to with vineger, as Droscorides teacheth.

[ H] The wilde Madder is not vsed in Medicine.

Of Goosegrasse / or Cliuer. Chap. lxxiiij.

❀ The Description.

CLiuer or Goosegrasse hath many smal square branches, rough & sharpe, full of ioyntes, about whiche branches, at euery ioynt growe long nar∣rowe leaues after the fashion of Starres, or lyke the leaues of Mad∣der: but smaller and rougher, out of the same ioyntes grow litle bran∣ches, bearing white flowers, and afterwarde rounde rough seedes, most com∣monly two vppon a stemme. All the herbe, his branches, leaues, and sede, do cleaue and sticke fast to euery thing that it toucheth: it is so sharpe, that being drawen alongst the tongue, it wil make it to bleede.

❀ The Place.

This herbe groweth in all places in hedges and bushes.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth and beareth seede al the Sommer.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and of some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine, Aparine: in Frenche, Grateron: in high Douche, Klebkraut: in base Al∣maigne, Cleefcruyt: in Englishe, Goose∣grasse, Cliuer, and Gooseshare.

❀ The Nature.

Clyuer is drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] They driuke the iuyce of the leaues & sede of Goosegrasse, against the bitings, and stinginges of venemous beastes.

[ B] The same dropped into the eares, hea∣leth the payne and ache of the same.

[ C] This herbe pounde, and layde vnto freshe woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same; & pounde with Hogges grease, it dissolueth & consumeth the disease of y^e necke, called the kinges euil, and al hard kernelles and wennes wheresoeuer they be, if it be laid therto, as Turner writeth.

[illustration]

Aparine.

Of Gallion. Chap. lxxv.

❀ The Description.

GAllion hath small, rounde, euen stemmes, with very small nar∣rowe leaues, growing by spa∣ces, at the ioyntes round about the stemme, starre fashion, and like Cli∣uer, but muche lesser, and gentler, very smothe, and without roughnesse. The flowers be yellow, and growe clustering about the toppes of the branches like to wilde Madder, the roote is tender, with hearie threddes or strings hanging at it.

¶ The Place.

This herbe groweth in vntoyled pla∣ces, and hylly groundes, as vppon Roes∣selberch by Louaine.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in Iuly, and August.

❀ The Names.

This Herbe is called in Greke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and in Latine Gallium: of some Galation, & Galerium: in Spanish, Yerua Coaia leche: in French, Petit Muguet: in Douch, Wal∣stroo: and as Matthiolus and Turner write, Vnser Frauwen Wegstro, and of some Megerkraut: we may also name it Pety Muguet, Cheese runnning, or our Ladies bedstraw.

[illustration]

Gallion.

❀ The Nature.

Gallion is hoate and drie of complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] The flowers of Gallion pounde, and layde vpon burninges, drawe foorth the inflammation and heate, and heale the sayde burninges.

[ B] The same layde vnto woundes, or put into the nose, stoppe bleeding.

[ C] The leaues of Gallion mingled with Oyle of rooses, and set in the Sonne, and afterwarde layde vpon wearied members, doo refreshe and comfort them. The rootes prouoke men to their naturall office in Matrimonie. The herbe may serue for Rennet to make Cheese: for as Matthiolus vpon Dioscorides writeth, the people of Tuscane or Hetruria doo vse it to turne their milke, by∣cause the Cheese that they vse to make of Yeowes and Goates mylke, shoulde be the pleasanter and sweeter in taste.

Of Woodrow / or Woodrowel. Chap. lxxvi.

❀ The Description.

WOodrowe hath many square stalkes, full of ioyntes, at eue∣ry knot or ioynt, are seuen or eight long narrow leaues, set rounde about lyke a starre, al∣most like the leaues of Cliuer or Goosegrasse, but broader, and nothing rough. The flowers grow at the toppe of the stemmes or branches of a white color, and pleasant of smell (as all the herbe is.) The seede is round, and somwhat rough.

❀ The Place.

In this Countrie they plante it in all gardens, and it loueth darke shadowie places, and deliteth to be neare olde moyst walles.

❀ The Tyme.

Woodrowe flowreth in may, and then is the smell most delectable.

[illustration]

Asperula.

¶ The Names.

This herbe is called in Latine Asperula, Cordialis, Herba Stellaris, and Spergula odorata: in high Douch, Hertzfreydt, and Walmeyster: in base Almaigne, Wal∣meester: in Frenche, Muguet, by the whiche name it is best knowen in most pla∣ces of Brabant. Some woulde haue it a kinde of Liuerwort, and therefore it is called of them in Latine Hepataria, Hepatica, Iecoraria, and in high Douche Leberkrant. The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do call it Iua musca∣ta, and do vse it in steede thereof, not without great errour.

¶ The Nature.

Woodrow taketh part of some heate, & drynesse, not much vnlike to Gallion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Woodrowe is counted a very good herbe to consolidate and glewe togi∣ther woundes, to be vsed in lyke maner, as those herbes we haue described in the ende of the first booke.

[ B] Some say, if it be put into the wine whiche men doo drinke, that it reioyseth the hart and comforteth the diseased liuer.

Of Golden Croswort / or Muguet. Chap. lxxvij.

❀ The Description.

CRoswort is a pale greene herbe, draw∣ing nere to ayellow Popingay colour, couered or set full of fine cotton or soft heares, hauing many square stalkes, ful of knottes or ioyntes. The leaues be litle, smal, and short, alwayes foure growing togi∣ther, standing one against another, in fashion lyke to a Crosse at euery ioynt: aboue the said leaues growe vp from the sayde ioyntes, ma∣ny smal yellowish flowers, growing round a∣bout, & compassing the stem lyke Crownettes or garlands: and euery of the sayd litle proper flowers, are parted againe into foure diuisiōs fashioned like to a smal Crosse. The rootes be nothing els, but a sort of smal tender threds.

❀ The Place.

Croswort groweth of his owne accorde, by trenches, and water courses, and is founde vnder hedges in moyst places.

❀ The Tyme.

Croswort flowreth almost all the sommer long, especially from May vnto August.

[illustration]

Cruciata.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Cruciata, that is to say, Croswort: in Frenche, Croysée: in high Douche, Golden Walmai∣ster, that is, Golden Muguet: in base Almaigne, Crusette.

❀ The Nature.

It is drie and astringent.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Cruciata hath a very good propertie to heale, ioyne, & close togither wounds, agreeable for all manner of woundes both inwarde and outwarde, if it be so sodde in wine and dronken.

[ B] They giue the wine of the decoction of this herbe, to folke that are bursten, and lay the boyled herbe right against, or vpon the bursten place, as some, who haue made experience thereof, do affirme.

Of Buckes Beanes. Chap. lxxviij.

❀ The Description.

MArrishe Trefoyl hath brode, smothe, thicke leaues, alwayes three to∣gither vpon one stemme, in fashion, quantitie, thicknesse, and propor∣tion of leaues, lyke to the cōmon beane. The stalke is smal, of a foote and a halfe, or two foote long, at y^e top wherof grow white flowers, and afterwarde rounde huskes or knoppes, conteyning a yellowishe browne seede. The roote is long, white, and full of ioyntes.

❀ The Place.

Marrish Trefoyl groweth in lowe moyst places, in pooles, and sometyme on riuer sydes.

❀ The Tyme.

It flowreth in May, and in Iune the seede is ripe.

❀ The Names.

This herbe is called of the wri∣ters nowe a dayes, Trifolium pa∣lustre: in Brabant, Bocxboonen, that is to say, Bockes Beanes: bycause it is like the leaues of the common Beane: it shoulde seeme to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Isopyrum, whiche some doo also call Phasiolon, by∣cause of the lykenesse it hath to Phasiolos, as Dioscorides wri∣teth. Matthiolus confesseth that he ne∣uer sawe the right Isopyron.

❧ The Vertues.

The seede of Isopyron is good against the cough, and other colde diseases of the breast, to be taken with Meade or Hydromel: it is also good to be taken in like man∣ner of suche as spet blood, and are lyuer sicke.

[illustration]

Trifolium palustre.

Of Foxetayle. Chap. lxxix.

❀ The Description.

FOxetayle hath blades and helme almost lyke wheate, as Theophra∣stus writeth, but smaller and better, like the blades & stems of Couche grasse, at the top or end of the stemmes growe small soft hearie eares or knoppes, very like to Foxetayle.

❀ The Place.

Foxetayle groweth not in this Countrie: but in certayne places of Fraunce, in fieldes and alongst the sea coast.

❀ The Tyme.

This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly.

¶ The Names.

Theophrast calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say in Latine, Cauda vulpina: in Englishe, Foxetayle: in Frenche Queue de Renarde: in high Douche, Fuchs schuantz: in base Almaigne Vossen steert.

❀ The Nature and Vertues.

The Auncientes haue made no mention at all, of the nature, and vertues of this herbe.

[illustration]

Alopecuros.

Of Tragacantha. Chap. lxxx.

❀ The Description.

TRagacantha hath ma∣ny branchie boughes and twigs, slender, and pliant, so spreade abrode vppon euery side, that one plante doth sometime occupie the roome or space of a foote, or a foote and a halfe in compasse. The leaues be as smal as the Lentil leaues, whi∣tish, and somwhat mossie or heary, set in rewes, directly aunswering one leafe agaynst another, all a∣longst a small twigge or slender branche, neither greater nor lesse, but like the boughes and leaues of Lentilles. The flower is also lyke the blowing of y^e Lentil, but much smaller, almost lyke the blossom or flower of Ciche peason, whitishe, and sometimes marked with pur∣ple lines or strakes. The seede is inclosed in smal huskes, almost like to the wild Lotus or Trefoyl. The whole plant on euery side is set ful of sharpe prickley thornes, harde white and strong. The roote stret∣cheth it selfe alongst, in length vn∣der the ground, like to the roote of the common Liquerise, yellowe within, and blacke without, tough and limmer, and harde to breake, the which roote being layde in some feruent hoate place, or in the Caniculer dayes laid in the Sonne, it getteth a white gumme, which is founde sticking fast vpon it.

[illustration]

Tragacantha.

❀ The Place.

Tragacantha groweth in Media, and Creta, as Plinie sayth: it is also found in other Countries, as in Prouince about Marselles, whereas I haue seene great store.

❀ The Tyme.

Tragacantha flowreth in April, the seede is ripe in Iune, & in the Caniculer dayes the gumme is founde cleauing to the roote.

❧ The Names.

This plant is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Tragacantha: and Hirci spina: vnknowen in Shoppes, euen amonst them where as it groweth.

The gumme also whiche commeth from it, is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: in Latine Tragacanthae lachryma: in Shoppes, Gummi Dragaganthi: in English, Gumme Dragagant.

❀ The Nature.

Tragacantha, as Galen writeth, is of nature like to gumme Arabique, that is to say, of a drie and clammie complexion.

❀ The Vertues.

[ A] Gumme Dragagant is good against the cough, the roughnesse of the throte the hoarsenesse and roughnesse of the voyce, being licked in with honie. For the

same purpose (that is to say for the roughnesse of the throte and sharpe Arterie or wind pipe) They make a certaine electuarie in shops, called Diatragaganthū.

[ B] They drinke it stieped in wine the quantitie of a dramme, against the paine of the kidneyes, and excoriation or knawing of the bladder, in putting thereto Hartes horne burnt and washed.

[ C] The sayd gumme is put into Collyres, and medicines that are made for the eyes, to take away the acrimonie and sharpnesse of the same: it doth also stoppe the pores and conduites of the skinne.

❀ The Choise.

You must chuse that whiche is cleare and shining, smal, firme, and close, well purified and cleene from al manner filth, and sweat.

Of Ficus Indica. Chap. lxxxi.

THis strange kind of plante com∣meth foorth of one leafe set in the grounde, and sometimes it groweth high, and is named of Plinie Opuntia, nowe in these dayes Ficus In∣dica.

That Euphorbium commeth foorth lykewise of one leafe, but yet it is separa∣ted from this kind, for the leaues of Eu∣phorbium be long, rounde, and thick, fas∣shioned like vnto Cucumbers, set on the sides with thornes. Of that Euphorbiū writeth Ioannes Leo in his historie of A∣phrica, and is spoken of before in the se∣cond part of this booke in y^e cxvj. Chap.

[illustration]

Ficus Indica.

Of Buprestis. Chap. lxxxij.

THis Worme is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and in Latine Buprestis, in some places of the lowe Coun∣trie he is called Veemol. And is called Buprestis, bycause it is hurtfull to cat∣tel, as namely vnto Oxen and kyen. And is founde in certayne places of Holland, and lykewise somtimes in Brabant, and Flaunders: where the kyen sometimes are bitten of them.

This worme is of the kinde of Sca∣rabeen or Horswormes, the whiche are named Cantharides, or Spanishe Flyes, and hath winges lyke vnto these, and is of forme and bignesse suche as the figure doth shewe. And this figure haue we set here, bycause that some haue set foorth another worme, not lyke vnto the true Buprestis.

[illustration]

Buprestis.

The end of the fourth Booke.