The general practise of physicke conteyning all inward and outward parts of the body, with all the accidents and infirmities that are incident vnto them, euen from the crowne of the head to the sole of the foote: also by what meanes (with the help of God) they may be remedied: very meete and profitable, not only for all phisitions, chirurgions, apothecaries, and midwiues, but for all other estates whatsoeuer; the like whereof as yet in english hath not beene published. Compiled and written by the most famous and learned doctour Christopher VVirtzung, in the Germane tongue, and now translated into English, in diuers places corrected, and with many additions illustrated and augmented, by Iacob Mosan Germane, Doctor in the same facultie.

The first part of this Booke containeth the Head, with all the parts thereof, to the very necke, as Face, Haire, Beard, Scull, Braine, Nose, Eares, Lippes, Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Speech, &c. with all such accidents as are incident vnto them, and their appropriate remedies. (Book 1)

The first Chapter. Of paine in the Head.

THere are many paines of the head, by the Arabians commonly called Soda: which as they procéede of diuers causes, so do they also differ in nature. They are deliuered vnto vs either in particular, proper, principall or vniuersall affections, vnder which all the other are comprehended, as Cephalalgia, Cephalaea, Hemicrania, and Congelation.

Of giddinesse of the head, falling euill, dead palsie, and such like infirmities shal be spoken hereafter, where we intreate of the braine: for that these and diuers other diseases are caused for the most part of a debilitie and weaknesse of the braine.

Of all outward accidents, as blowes, bruises, wounds, and falles on the head, shal be shewed in the Chapter of the braine-pan or scull.

* 1.1Cephalalgia, by the Gréekes so termed, is such a disease that almost affecteth the whole head: which sometimes is very violent, otherwhiles more tolerable, and either continueth long, or passeth ouer spéedily.

* 1.2Cephalaea is an intolerable headach, which (notwithstanding that it hath some communion with the aforenamed Cephalalgia) doth maruellously weaken all the powers of the head, and at sometime ceaseth, séeming as though it would not returne againe, yet (in maner like vnto the falling sicknesse) by fits returneth with such violence, such noise in the eares, such beating in the forehead, such thrusting forth of the eyes, and finally with such swelling vp of all the veines of the head, that both hearing and sight thereby decayeth: yea taketh diuers with that extremity, that it séemeth vnto them as if something did beate on the inside of their head with a hammer, and would rend and teare their head asunder. This ach sometimes commeth in the sinewes of the eyes, and doth opilate and harme them greatly, and at the length induceth blindnes altoge∣ther. And albeit this affection of the head oft times groweth of a light and small cause, yet pro∣cureth it diuers times very heauy and grieuous accidents.

* 1.3Hemicrania is also an head ach, wherewith either the right or the left side, the backe or fore∣part of the head is infected: it taketh commonly the one side of the head, euen from the midst of the forehead, & so passeth through the boll or concauity of the scull to the very back part of the head. It doth also very often so disease the eyes, that it perisheth the sight of them: insomuch that this paine is so like to the aboue named Cephalaea, that Galen and many others do not onely de∣scribe them both together, but vse also one and the selfesame remedies for them both, as hereaf∣ter may appeare.

* 1.4The fourth kind of head-ach is Congelatio, as it were a cold nummednesse: this procéeding from the backe part of the head taketh away all sense and féeling of the patient, and therefore it is not vnlike vnto that heauy and drowsie disease Lethargus and Stup••r, wherein also the affe∣cted body is suddenly depriued both of sense and feeling.

Of the causes of head-ach. §. 1.

THe common causes of head-ach in generall are innumerable; as heate of the Sunne, bathings, chaunge of ayre, a continuall South wind, a strong sent of spices, whether they be hote or cold by nature: also the smell of wine, drun∣kennesse, stinking meate, garlicke, onions, mustard, strokes or blowes, brui∣sings or great motions of the braine, sleepe presently after dinner, much blee∣ding, wormes in the eares, nostrels, or stomacke, choler in the stomacke, fumes and vapours out of the same, too much repletion of the stomacke, Intemperies or an vnnaturall mixture of the humors, with many more, which for breuities sake we omit, and will treate of more necessary matters. But for the most part (as hath already béene sayd) this paine in the head procéedeth of the intemperature of the foure humors, namely of bloud, choler, flegme and melancholy. The Phisitions haue found out eight kinds of this intemperature, with their appropriate and due remedies, as hereafter at large shall be shewed. As concerning the aches and paines of the head, we do diuide them into hote or cold aches, in which all others that we purpose to treate of are comprehended, and so beginne with the hote paines of the head.

The signes of a hote head-ach that proceedeth from choler. §. 2.

IN this kind of head-ach are these common signes, belching or breaking of wind vpward with lothsomnesse and thirst, dryth of the mouth, tongue and nostrels. The paine is pricking, sharpe, and rather in the right than in the left side of the head, heate ouer all the body, but especially in the nostrels, no appe∣tite, no sleepe, the pulses hastie and quicke, the vrine reddish, the face yellow. The surest notes are, if the time of the yéere be hote and drie, the patient yong, and hath vsed those things that procure heate and dryth.

The causes and signes then being knowne, now follow the first and especiallest meanes to ease it, namely in shunning those things that in any way might either procure or continue it, as hot wines, the sent of hot and strong things, the vse of meates hot in operation: then to beginne (not onely in this, but in all other infirmities whatsoeuer) with the easiest remedies at the first, and most of all if this hote paine of the head be but new and of no continuance: at which time, to delay the heate, thou mayest safely vse these things that follow.

Applications, Ointments, Plaisters, Lotions.

OXyrrhodinum applied outwardly is greatly commended, that is, oyle of roses, water and vineger of roses, of each a like quantitie: in this mixture dippe double linnen clothes, and lay them so cold and wet to the forehead, from one temple to another, and as often as it drieth must it be refreshed againe. Others make it stronger thus: Take of Rose water fiue ounces, of Melilot water foure ounces, water of Nightshade two ounces, oile of Roses one ounce and a halfe, Rose vineger one ounce, vse it as the other before. These two compositions, by reason of the Oyle and vineger of Roses which are in them, are called Oxyrrhodina: vnto which (if the heate be very extreame) thou mayest adde one dragme of Camfere. Also take the white of an egge well beaten, Rose water one ounce, water of Elder, and Fennell water, of each halfe an ounce, fiue small Nuts well beaten in a mortar, a little Saffron; lay this to the forehead with wooll. Another that is more stronger, the water of the white water-Lilly, water of Endiue, of each three ounces, red, white, and yellow Saunders, or one of them, of each one dragme, beaten Rose leaues halfe a dragme, beaten Camfere halfe a dragme, mixe them all together, and vse them as is aboue shewed. This cooleth greatly, and easeth the paine of the head.

The ointment of Roses described by Mesues.

TAke fresh or new hogges grease, as much as thou wilt; wash it very often with warme water, afterwards with cold water: then take as many Roses in weight as thy grease weigheth, beate them both together in a morter, let them so rest the space of seuen dayes: then straine it through a cloth, and beate as many Ro∣ses with thy grease as before, and so let them stand other seauen dayes; straine them againe, and adde to thy grease halfe the weight of the iuice of Roses, and the sixt part of the oyle of swéete Almonds, and boile them together vntill all the iuice be consu∣med, which thou shalt know thus: put one or two droppes of it into the fire, where if it make no noise or hissing like vnto water, then it is sufficiently boiled: then take it from the fire, stir∣ring it continually with a woodden pestell vntill it waxeth stiffe and white: some adde a little Opium vnto it to make it coole the more, but it is néedlesse; for if it be necessary, thou mayest adde it at all times afterward. This ointment is an especiall good remedie in Cephalalgia and heate of the head, it stayeth flegmaticall rheumes and flegmons, it mitigateth the canker, it is also good for the heate of the stomacke, liuer, kidneyes, &c.

A cooling vnguent, Infrigidans Galeni.

TAke two ounces of white or virgine waxe, melt it easily, and wash it often with faire water, and at the last with white vineger: then adde vnto it foure ounces of the oyle of Roses, which also hath bene washed as before. It may also be made vp in forme of a plaister or Ceratum. It easeth both the heate of agues & of the head, being applied to the forehead and temples: it is also very good against the paine of the kidneys. If thou wilt vse it for the paine of the head, melt it on a litle fire, then wash it with vineger, and with the iuice of Plantaine & Nightshade, annoint the forehead with it, especially on those seames of the scull: then lay vine or willow leaues vpon it, & thou shalt find great ease. To the same intent is the Poplar vnguent or Vnguentum Populeum also vsed, which is found rea∣die made in all Apothecaries shops. Likewise take Rose leaues, Willow leaues, water Lillies, Mallowes, of each one handfull, boyle them in water, and irrigate thy head with it. Also take Violets, Barley beaten in a morter, beaten Gourd séeds or the barke of Gourds, Poppy heads, seedes of Hollihocke, Purslaine seedes, Lettice seedes, of each one handfull: boile them in water, and let the decoction being warme drop from on high vpon thy head. Note also that if necessitie and the violent paine should require stronger remedies, then vse the iuice of such herbes as are cold and drie, as of Plantaine, of Shepheards purse, of Nightshade, of Housleeke, of Pome∣granates, and in the greatest extremitie adde a little Opium vnto it, of Henbane: adding the iuice of Southernewood or of poppie vnto it, and applying them to the head as is aboue sayd. Here is also to be obserued, that these stupefactiue or narcolicall things are not to be vsed, but onely in the greatest extremities. Neither may any such cold remedies be adhibited to the back-part of the head, but only to the forehead. In fine, wheresoeuer these & such like may be omitted, there are they not at al to be vsed: notwithstanding if the extremitie be such that no other reme∣dies would serue the turne, & any danger might ensue of any obstupefaction or numming of any one part, this shall be sometimes vsed: Take the wood of Cassia small beaten one dragme, mixe it with oyle, and drop it into the eares and nostrels: and if peraduenture the patient should loose both sense and féeling, then mixe halfe a dragme of Beuer Cod, a scruple of Saffron, and a little oile of Oliues, or rather oile of Chestnuts together.

Also make this emplaister: Take of the Vine buds, beate them small, and adde as much oile of Roses and Barley flower as shall suffice, then lay it plaisterwise to the forehead: in the want of Vine buds take Housléeke, or the iuice of Nightshade, of Shepheards purse, or of Let∣tice. Or else take yellow Saunders, Roses, water Lillies, of each halfe an ounce, Camfere one scruple, Spica of India halfe one scruple: wet them together with Rose water, boyle them, and receiue the vapours at your nose through a funnell: likewise take Roses, the blossomes of the Pomegranate trée, shels of Pomegranates, séeds or berries of the Mirtle trée, shels of Citrones, of each one dragme, Agarick as much; boile them in lie a little while, and wash the head with it.

This cooleth, drieth and strengtheneth the braines. Otherwise take Venice hard or cake Sope, slice it smal into a flat earthen pan, powre a good strong ley vpon it, couer it with a linnen cloth, and set it in the warme sunne while the Sope be molten: stir it oftentimes til the ley be euapo∣rated or dried away, then put Rose water vpon it, and let it drie againe: this reiterate so often till the Sope haue lost her strong and vnsauorie smell, and imbibe the swéete smell of the Rose water. Take of this prepared Sope one pound, white or yellow Saunders, Roses, of each halfe one ounce, water Lillies two dragmes, Camfere one dragme, being all beaten to powder mixe them with the Sope, and make it vp in little cakes, drie them, and reserue them for thy vse.

Of the paine in the head with agues, and laske or flixe of the bellie. §. 3.

WHereas this paine of the head is oftentimes cause of diuers other mala∣dies, it shall not be amisse to describe that headache which raigned in the yeare of our Lord 1564 in Mosbach, and in the whole Dukedome of the Palsgraue of Rhene: at which time I compiled this present worke.

This paine began with a shiuering cold, presently ensued an ague with a little heate, but with great drithe and thirst, which continued about one fortnight or more. It returned vnto diuers after they had bin cleare of it a moneth or twaine, and that twise or thrise togither: others were intolerably troubled in the head, and some so vehemently vexed with a flixe of the bellie without bloud, that it could by no meanes by stayed, yea they oftentimes very miserably peri∣shed with it.

In this headach were these remedies found very effectuall and good. First, if nothing do dis∣swade from it, thou shalt open the head veine, especially if the patient be yong, full of bloud, and be of body strong and able inough to beare it. Children shall then purge with easie medicines, as Cassia, Manna, sirupe of Roses, Sene leaues decocted with some cooling herbes. The bigger sort shall be purged with sharpe pils and other purgations, if they haue no laske withall: and if nothing else could be had out of hand, thou shalt make this decoction or drinke: Take Sena leaues one ounce, Cinnamom, Annise and Fennell seedes, Currans, of each as much as thou canst hold betwéene two of thy fingers, Licorise the length of thy finger, if it be a thicke sticke take lesse of it, one fig, both cut small, swéete Marioram, Rosemarie, as much as thou canst take vp betwéene thy fingers, Sugar one ounce: boyle them all in a quart of water, till halfe be con∣sumed: of this giue to a child to drinke two ounces, to an old body fower ounces, to a strong body mayest thou boyle half an ounce of Sene leaues with it. For women & childrē to be boxed on the sholders and legs is very good, or to rub their arms and legs with warme clothes down∣wards. It is also good for them to bathe their féete in the decoction of Cummomill, Roses and Betonie. Wines of all sorts must be shunned in this infirmitie, and all things that are hot, as Spices, Onions, Garlicke and such like: for daily drinke take two handfuls of Barly, Anni∣séedes halfe an ounce, Raisins one ounce and a halfe: boile these together in a pottle of water, till the Barly do burst: then adde thrée dragmes of Cinnamom grossely beaten, and let it boile a little, & so coole. Séeing then this sicknesse prouoketh thirst, thou maiest not altogether bar the diseased from any kind of drinke, but let him take inough of the prescribed decoction, with the si∣rupe of Roses, of Violets or of Citrones admixed. Thou mayest also giue him y^e conserue of the same flowers, with the water of Endiue, Succorie, Borage, and of Lettice, for that it doth com∣fort the heart. For his meate he shall commonly vse French Barly boiled with a hen in broth, veale, kids flesh, or stewed Prunes, and such like light meates. But if a flixe or loosenesse in the bodie be adioyned to the former infirmitie, the affected partie shall in any wise take great héede of such light and loosing meates: and onely vse rosted veale, pullets rosted, and other small birds, stewed Quinces, or any such like thing. Or if he would haue any other meate dressed, it shal be done with stilled water, which is made as followeth: Take as much faire water as thou wilt, set it on the fire, and cast a good péece of steele into it, being first made red hot thrée or foure times together: then let the water coole, and vse it as thou wilt. In like sort also mayest thou prepare water of iron, of gold, of siluer, and of flints for the same purpose: thus is wine, the milke of a cow and of goates also stéeled.

But to come to our purpose again: as long as this loosenesse of the bodie doth continue, thou shalt annoynt the stomacke twise a day with the oyles of Mastix and of Quinces. If it be about the time of the yeare that Sloes be ripe, take as many of them as you please, put them into a pot, and powre boyling water vpon them; stop or couer them very close: giue vnto the infirmed bodie three or foure of these a litle before his meate: noting alwaies, that in foure and twenty howers he vse not aboue twenty of them at the most.

Contrariwise, if the bodie be bound, thou shalt seeke by all meanes thou maist, to loose it: o∣therwise many vapors ascend vp into the head, and there augment both the heate and the paine, yea oftentimes bereaue the patient of his wittes. Wherfore first of all thou shalt trie to open the bodie by suppositories, which if they will not suffice, vse common Clisters, which her∣after in the third part for the binding & stopping of the bodie are prescribed. Otherwise, if these do not please thee, vse some cooling purgation, or else that purging potion aboue described. There be aboue set downe many vnguents, salues, and waters, but all are very good for the paine of the head. But in this kind of head-ach, this remedie that followeth is expresly described: Take of the water of Lettice, Nightshade, and of Housleeke, of each two ounces, water of Ca∣momill an ounce and a halfe, good strong vineger one ounce, Camfere beaten foure graines: mixe them all together, or take Rose water, Rose vineger, Melilot water, Betonie water, of each, or of as many as are to be had, what quantitie thou please, wet linnen clothes in them, and lay them to the forehead.

In this infirmitie oftentimes is both the toung and throate very raw and sore, by reason of the great heate; for the which looke the remedies that are set downe in the Chap. 13. §. 6. of this first part, for the infirmities and heate of the toung: and the gargarismes for the paine in the throte in the first Chapter of the second part.

The sirupe of Mulberies with Plantaine, Knotgrasse, and Selfeheale water admired, conduceth and helpeth very much: likewise, take the seede of Quinces, and the seede of Flea∣woort: then take a litle sticke, and tie to the end of it a little skarlet or linnen cloth with one dragme of these seedes in it, steepe it in the water of Selfeheale: when thou wilt cleanse thy toung, rub it easily with that cloth so steeped: it cleanseth, moisteneth, cooleth and healeth all the chops or clifts in it.

To comfort the heart, vse Manus Christi, with Pearles, conserue of water Lillies, Pome∣granates preserued Citrons, and others such like.

This binding water hath done very many much good: Take a hote wheaten loafe new ta∣ken out of the ouen, take out all the crum of it, put a good quantitie of stéeled water vnto it, with one ounce and a halfe of Nutmegs, stop it close, and let it so stand one whole day in a warme place: then still of the water in a glasse Lembecke: giue of this to the patient euery morning two ounces, and let him fast two hours after it: two hours after his meate, giue him as much more, not forgetting first to warme it alwaies, and let him then fast till night. The third po∣tion or draught he shall take the next morning fasting (as before) after the same: this is not on∣ly in this kind of flixe, but in all other flixes experimented and approued. Note also, that if the flixe be without heate, thou maist take red wine in stead of the water: for then will it be of bet∣ter force and vertue.

Heate of the head with melancholie. §. 4.

THis infirmitie is described by these signes following: the paine is not so great as the former, but with a drinesse and sadnesse: the heate is more euident in the left side of the face than in the right, it causeth disquietnesse, and albeit the sicke sometimes taketh rest, yet it is an vnnaturall sléepe, it maketh the affected faint harted, fearefull and carefull, the color of the face is red and blew, with a sower taste in the mouth: if the patient be old, if it be about the Autumne, then are the signes the surer. Thou shalt vse those remedies for this maladie which are prescribed against melancholie, as sufficiently shall appeare hereafter. Also vse this Clister: Take Mallowes, Violet leaues, Buglosse, Fumitorie, Bran, of each one M. Polipody, Epithymus, or Dodder, of each one drag. boile them together in a sufficient quantitie of water, take twelue or sixtéene ounces of this decoction, oile of Oliues, thrée ounces. Stronger Clisters

shalt thou find elsewhere described. Thou maist also make these or the like suppositories: Take Coloquint, Salamoniacke, of each one dragme, Oxe gall two dragmes, sodden or boyled hony three ounces: make them reasonable thicke and long: they are very effectuall and strong.

Head-ach proceeding from emptinesse of the stomacke. §. 5.

IT befalleth oftentimes, that this head-ach vexeth many euery day, especially before they eate or drinke any thing, and presently after meales departeth; wherefore to auoide this emptinesse of the stomacke, thou shalt euery morning take one bit of bread dipped in vineger, or in the iuice of Pomgranates, or veriuice.

The order of diet in hote head-aches.

THose that are troubled with a head-ach that procéedeth of heate, must altogether ab∣staine from wine, as hath bene alreadie said, and not eate any flesh at all or very lit∣tle: for both of them do ingender much bloud. Their meate must be thinges cold by nature, as Lettice sodden and stewed, Spinage, Purslaine, Panadoes, broths, béere and bread sodden together, Apples and Peares stewed, broths of veale, of hens, being sharpe∣ned with a litle veriuice. Their drinke shall be small beere, whay of milke, Barley water, with a little of the iuice of Pomegranates or Limons.

Of Cephalaea and Hemicrania certaine paines of the head. §. 6.

IF this head-ach do come with quicke and hastie puls, and with heate, then shall it séeme good first of all to purge the bodie: and if the circumstances of the infir∣mitie permit it, the patient shal vse this lenitiue medicine, which is thus prepa∣red: Take of the greater and lesser Endiue, Lettice, of each one handfull, Poppy heads, two ounces, séedes of Melons, Gourds, Cucumbers, and of Pompions, of each two dragmes, grosly beaten halfe an ounce; Violets, Roses, white and yel∣low Saunders, of each two dragmes: boyle them all in a sufficient quantitie of water, till the third part be consumed, then adde twelue ounces of Sugar, boile it to the consistence of a sirupe, and then clarifie it with the whites of egs. Of this giue to the sicke one ounce and a halfe at once, with the water of Borage, or Endiue, or Buglosse: vse this thrée or foure times euery morning.

Because there is a great vse of sirupes in this booke,* 1.5 I will now shew and set downe the per∣fect order and way how to make and prepare them. First sée thou haue fresh and cleare water, with which thou wilt make thy sirupe: put into it those things first which are hardest, as rootes, woods and such like, let them boile as long as thou wouldest séeth a couple of egs: then cast into it thy séedes grosly beaten, then thy hearbes being cut, after them thy flowers and Currants: let them boile well together, that their strength may come foorth, and if Epithymus be one of the in∣gredients, let it be put in last of all, & when it is sodden sufficiently, adde thy hony or sugar vn∣to it, and clarifie it with the whites of egs, as hath bene taught in the Introduction, namely, in the clarifying of Sugar: after this manner maist thou also deale in the purifying of hony.

But to come to the purpose againe; thou shalt note, that if the choler be supple and thin, then shalt thou take sirupe of Endiue, of Violets, of water Lillies, of each three drag. admixed with the aboue named waters: if the choler be grosse and thicke, then take in stead of the sirupes, the like quantitie of Oxysaccharū compos. Rasis counselleth to giue this purgation after it: Take Da∣maske Prunes ten drag. sowre Dates one ounce: boile them in a sufficient quantitie of water: in this decoction steepe the rind or barke of yellow Mirobalans two dragm. grosly beaten, the next day strain and presse out all the liquor, and giue three or foure ounces of it in the morning. Others boyle Violets and water Lillies, of each one ounce, Stechas or French Lauander, two ounces, with halfe an ounce of Mirobalans: this alwaies giue at the first. They are both of them easie and safe purgations: for which cause also it is found good sometimes (according to

néed) to adde thrée graines of Diagridium to them, or else to mixe with them of the conserue of Prunes, or of Electuarium de succo Rosarum, thrée dragmes. Also in stead of the foresayd potion or drinke, thou mayest vse this confection that followeth: Take of both the confections before na∣med, of each halfe an ounce, sirupe of water Lillies as much as sufficeth to mixe them withall, and cast some Betonie rootes powdered and a little Sugar vpon it.

Likewise if thou hadst rather vse pils: take two dragmes of Rubarbe, Mastix one scruple, Scammonie halfe a dragme: make pils of them with the iuice of Rue, or with wine, and take a dragme at one time of them.

For the same purpose are sower Dates approued to be an especiall good remedie, and may in this hot kinde of headache very safely & with very great effect be adhibited. But thou must take thrée or fower ounces of them at once, as thou mayest behold their description and vertues in our Introductiō. This manner of purging is set for an example, which according to the circum∣stances both of the disease and of the diseased, may either be changed or vsed at pleasure.

The body then being purged, the oyle of Roses, or of water of Lillies shall be dropped, or by some other meanes put into the patients nose, and let him smell to Camfere, Rose water, or the water of Violets. Or take oyle of Violets, of Roses, of water Lillies of each half an ounce, Cam∣fere thrée graines: rub them well togither, and put them into his nose.

In like sort also take oyle of the seedes of Gourds, Willow leaues, and oyle of Roses, and vse it as before: likewise in place of the foresaid oiles, thou maiest vse cooling herbs, as Night-shade, Housleeke layd to the forehead with tow and double linnen clothes. Also to the same end is wo∣mens milke mixed very well with the white of an eg, and so layd to the forehead especially ap∣proued: or let the patient bath and rub his legs with the decoction of Vine leaues, water Lillies, Violets, Gourds, Cucumber, & Melon leaues; & if for all this the paine would still increase, thou maiest mixe two or thrée graines of Opium or Camfere with it, and often iterate the dropping of the oyle of Willow leaues into the eares and nostrils: for this purgeth the head greatly. But sée thou forget not that which before hath bin sayd de Narcoticis and obstupefactiue things.

A sweete ball for the headache approued: Take Violets, water Lillies, Willow leaues, Ro∣ses, of each one ounce, Camfere two graines, beate them all togither, & binde them vp togither in a fine péece of silke or linnen cloth, and wet it often with a little Rose water. Others beate the foresayd simples into fine powder, and with molten waxe make it vp in forme of a ball; but this is not so good. Many such like cooling bals are described in the treatise of the plague, in two di∣uers places of the sixt part, as well to recreate and restore the sicke, as to preserue the sound.

Headache proceding of the sunne or south winde. §. 7

IF the paine of the head be caused by the heate of the sunne, then may it easily be remedied with the aboue described Oxyrrhodinum, vnguent of Roses, the cooling vnguent of Galen, &c. And if those would not suffice, vse the iuices of the before named cold herbes. Also the oyles of Roses, of Violets, mixe with them as much strong vineger, as thou takest of one of the oiles, beate them well togither, dip a wollen cloth in it, & lay it where the paine is. Furthermore, the patient shall obserue and kéepe the same diet that is aboue set downe in the Chapter of Cepha∣lalgia: eate things light of digesture, abstaine from al things that might any way trouble or vexe the head, and if neede require, to purge with cooling medicines, as aboue is already shewed.

Headache that commeth of drunkennesse. §. 8.

OF the disease that procéedeth from drunkennesse, shall be spoken hereafter: now we wil only intreate of headache without any other infirmitie adioining with it. Néedelesse it is at this present to recite any signes of this kinde of headache, for that euery thing is most euident, whether this paine take her beginning of drunkennesse by wine or béere. The first remedie is to vomit; the second, to sléepe long, to fast it out, the broth of Colewoorts, or of Béetes a good quantitie being taken: also to drinke much cold water, and to eate sower fruits; but the best meate is first of all to eate sodden Lentils, Colewoorts and Pullets dressed with veriuice or Limons. The

patient shall also smell to Roses or Camfire: let the vttermost partes of his bodie be rubbed, drinke wine allayed with water, and two dayes after eate astringent and binding meats, with Pomegranates. The first day also shall it not be amisse to annoint the forehead and temples with the oyle of Roses, the next day with the oyle of Cammomill or of Lillies: and if perad∣uenture the paine as yet would not cease, he shall (as néede doth require) be purged, especially if any vapours ascend vp into the head. Likewise he may also vse this powder following: Take Colewoort séedes, Barbarie seedes, Endiue séedes, Lentils, Roses, calcined or burnt Iuorie, or Elephants tooth, of each two drag. make it into a very supple powder, giue of this two drag. at once, Camfire prepared, three graines, with the sirupe of Pomegranates or Citrons.

Headach proceeding of a stroke or fall. §. 9.

IF any one were hurt in the head by a stroke, a fall, or the throwing of a stone with∣out any wound or breaking of the skin, or fracture of the skull, he shall first of all be let bloud in the head veine, and afterward (if need require) take a common Clister: and (if he haue not an ague) he shall be purged with Pilulae Cochiae. And first of all lay on his head being shauen, this that followeth: Take the shelles and flowers of Pomegra∣nates, the iuice of Sloes, Hyppocystis, fine Bole, Sanguis Draconis, Terra sigillata, of each one drag. beate them all into powder, mixe it with the whites of egs, and lay it vpon the place affected or bruised. Or take the decoction of Roses, of Mirtle seed, or of Willow leaues, applying it three or foure times a day: then take oyle of Mirtles, and of Roses, of each one ounce, Mirtle seedes, iuice of Sloes, Hyppocystis, of each one dragme, mixe them together with a little molten waxe, & if there be no suffusion or congealed blood, annoint the place w^t it two or three dayes together.

Thou maist also make a pultis of Roses, Cammomill, and Melilot flowers, adding a little fine Bole to it, and mixing it with the oyles aboue named. If an ague be present, vse either cold or lukewarme things: also let him smell to cooling things, as Violets, Camfire, Willow leaues, and Mirtle leaues, &c.

The second Chapter. Of the paine of the head that is caused by cold.

IF the paine of the head proceede of cold flegmaticke humours and con∣tinue long, then are these the signes: wearisomnesse of all the partes, and as if all the bodie were beaten and broken into peeces: the paine is not extreame, without any swelling or thirst, fleepinesse, much spitting at the mouth, much moisture at the nose: for such like humidities do daily in∣crease in the diseased; the face is alwaies palely coloured, and somewhat swollen, the eyes run, and the mouth is quite out of tast. In such cold headaches, must contrarie remedies be vsed, that is, warming and dry∣ing medicines. Also we must begin here likewise with the gentlest and easiest remedies first, as this example following sheweth: which alwaies must be holden in the mouth, chewing it continually, and casting foorth the slime and spittle, which thereby is gathe∣red. Take Mastix, Nutmegs, Diptamer of Candie, Pepper, Stauesaker, Pellitorie of Spaine, Cubebs, Ginger, bound vp in a little cloth.

The manner of purging in this infirmitie. §. 1.

SEeing that purging is very needfull in this kind of head-ache, purge therefore both head and bodie in manner as followeth: Take Sage, Lauander gentle, Bayberies, wild Mints, Hysope, Marioram, sweet Marioram, garden Mints, Calmus, of each one M. seedes of Fennell, Persley, Sparage, Endiue of each two dragmes, Raisins, Nux Pinea, seedes of Melons, of Pompions, of Gourds, and of Cucumbers, Roses, rootes of wild Smallage, Annise seedes, of each halfe an ounce, Cubebs, Pionie seedes, Cloues, Nutmegs, of each a drag and a

half, Spikenard of India, Ginger, Cinnamom, Pepper, of each halfe a drag. boyle these things in a sufficient quantitie of water, then presse out all the moisture from them, & boile it the second time with honie or Sugar to the consistence of a sirupe. This if thou wouldest haue to purge, adde vnto it seedes of wild Saffron, Hermodactils, of each half an ounce, Agaricke six dragmes, Salt gem halfe one scruple, Turbit two dragmes: knit vp these togither in a little bag, & boyle them in the foresayd liquor. Afterwards sharpen thy sirupe with the vineger of Squils as fol∣loweth. Of this sirupe thou mayest giue one ounce and a halfe, or two ounces at once, mingled with good wine, or else with some other distilled waters that may serue to the same end, thrée or fower dayes continually togither.

* 1.6The composition of the vineger of Squils is as followeth: Take the Squill (called in Latin Scilla) take away the externall shels from it, till thou come to the white: these white ones take off by themselues seuerally with thy hād, or else with a wooden Spattin or knife, and not with iron, for that is hurtful: also leaue out the hart, the innermost part of the Squill, and take onely the middle white shiuers of it: fasten all these on a thred, that the one touch not the other, and hang them vp to dry fortie dayes in a coole place and in the shade. But this way that followeth, is much better: Take away all the vttermost parts vntill thou come to the white, then wrap it vp in dow, and bake it in an ouen: afterwards part it in shiuers as before, & drie it as is alrea∣dy sayd. Take of this dried Squils as much as thou wilt, cut it into little péeces with a wood∣den or bene instrument, put fower times as much vineger vpon it in a glasse and let it so conti∣nue fortie dayes in the sunne.

Hauing taken the foresayd potion as hath bin taught before, thou shalt giue him Pillula Co∣chiae. If thou wilt haue them strong, take two dragmes of them; Coloquint, Bdellium, of each one scruple, make them into pils with the water of Sage: of these giue but one dragme at one time bicause they be very strong: to the same purpose likewise serue the pils Alephangina, Aureae, & Aloes prepared, being taken a dragme at once. But if the sicke would rather take a potion than these pils: Take Lauander gentle, flowers of Borage and Buglosse, Currans, of each one ounce, Basill séede one dragme, Agarick, Turbit, of each one dragme, boyle them in a sufficient potion of water, vntill there remaine about ten ounces, steepe in this liquor one ounce & a halfe of the barkes of Mirobalans called Chebuli, & set it so in warme ashes all one whole night: then presse it out hard, and giue three ounces of it at once. Also take Hiera picra, Agarick, of each one dragme, Lauander, Saffron, of each one scruple, Salt gem, two graines, mixe them with some broth that Nutmegs & Sage hath bin boyled in. In like manner mayest thou vse this that fol∣loweth: Take honie of Roses, sirupe of Stechas, of each thrée dragmes, Agarick, Turbit, of each two scruples, Spica, three graines, prepared Turpentine, halfe an ounce; beaten to powder all what thou canst beate, melt thy Turpentine in some hot broth, & when it is as cold that it may be drunken, mixe the powders and sirupes with it, & giue it early in the morning. This must be either diminished or augmented in qualitie, according to the abilitie of the patient.

If the diseased can beare no kinde of Phisicke, then vse this Clister: Take Mallowes, herbe Mercurie, Dill, Rue, Bran, of each one handfull, boyle them in a sufficient quantitie of water, take of Colatare twelue or sixtéene ounces, mixe with it of Hiera picra, of white Sugar, of each halfe an ounce or somewhat more, Salt, two dragmes, oyle of Dill and Rue, of each one ounce and a halfe, and minister it warme.

Gargarismes also are very good for this maladie, bicause they draw forth a great deale of slime and filthinesse from the head. Take Mastix, Calmus, Licorice, Currans, of each halfe an ounce, Hissope, Ireos, of each two dragms, Pellitorie of Spaine, Saxifrage, Ginger, Mustard seedes, of each one dragme, beate them all togither, and boyle them in fresh water: vse it thrée or fower times a day warme.

Some do counsell to take a vomit of Radish water and Oxymell, but it is not without some danger, for that it doth oftentimes greatly disturbe the head: otherwise it might do some good.

There are also diuers confections & Electuaries made for the same, which might warme and drie a cold and a moist braine: Take conserue of Roses two ounces and a half, conserue of Be∣tonie one ounce and a half, gréene Ginger half an ounce, Cinnamom one dragme, Cloues, An∣nise seedes, of each one dragme, beate & mixe them all togither: and if it be too dry, adde as much of the sirupe of Citrons vnto it, as shall suffice, or as much of any other sirupe. Of this e••hibite euery morning the bignesse of a nut in quantitie.

Another Electuarie of life. This is described by Paulus Riccius,* 1.7 head Phisition to the Empe∣rour Maximilian, and is very comfortable for the head, for it doth both warme and dry it. Take Currans six ounces, Licorice, two dragmes, boyle these in the waters of Buglosse, Scabious, and Betonie, of each twelue ounces; then straine it & presse out all the humiditie, in the which, being yet warme, stéepe one dragme of Rubarbe, Lauander fiue graines: being bound vp togi∣ther in a cloth, put them togither in a pot, and stop it close, and boyle it a good while in a kettle with water, presse it out and put into it as much Rubarbe and Spike as before, letting them there remaine all a night, presse it out againe as before, and steepe in it the barkes of Miroba∣lans, to wit, Chebuli, Indi, Bellirici, and yellow Mirobalans, of each one ounce, Emblici two drag∣mes, boile them al togither, and straine them through a linnen cloth; then ad Sugar six ounces, Manna two ounces, and let it boyle to the consistence of a sirupe: when it beginneth to coole, mingle in it Cinnamom halfe an ounce, Cloues, Galingale, Nutmegs, of each one dragme, La∣gnum Paradisi halfe a dragme, séedes of Fennell and Annise, of each halfe an ounce: mixe them well togither, and reserue it in a gally pot. This following is likewise greatly commended for the same: Take conserue of Betonie, thrée ounces and a half, conserue of Sage two ounces and a halfe, conserue of Rosemarie one ounce and a halfe, conserue of Borage and Buglosse of each one ounce, of the foresayd confection of life two ounces, Cinnamom two dragmes, preserued Chebuli halfe an ounce, preserued Emblici two dragms, sixe leaues of beaten gold, ad as much sirupe of Betonie as may suffice. This confection also comforteth the hart:* 1.8 The right Calamus Aromaticus of the ancient Phisitiōs, as it is described in the beginning of the eight part of this present booke, taketh away all cold headaches, and sharpneth the wit.

Another conserue which is greatly commended for this kinde of headach: Take Cinnamom one ounce, Cubebs, Mirobalans, Chebuli, and Emblici, of each two dragms, red Rose leaues, red Saunders, red Corall, of each one dragme, Cardamonie, Mace, Cloues, Nutmegs, of each halfe a dragme, Sugar sixteen ounces, dissolue your Sugar in rose water and Lauander water: boile it till it be hard, and make it vp into a cake or Manus Christi.

What vertues the confects of Coriander, Annise séedes, Fennell séedes, Commin séedes, bit∣ter Almonds, Haselnutg, and such like haue to helpe, comfort and strengthen a cold braine, as al∣so how they kéep backe and hinder the fuming vapors that would ascend from the stomacke in∣to the head, is at large declared in the eight part.

An especiall medicine of the ancient Phisitions for the cold headache.

CUt the rootes of Horseradish small, drie them and beate them into powder, giue of this one spoonefull in wine or broth, and let him sweate in his bed very well, and fast two howers after it. Let his meate be light of digesture, as pullets, and such like. But I must needes mislike of this remedie, for that the Horseradish is very strong, and doth more harme than good to the braine: neither séemeth it any way conuenient to sweate vpon.

Certaine wines composed for the cold headache.

TAke Rosemarie two M. Nutmegs one ounce, dried Betonie 2. ounces, Cloues two dragmes being cut very smal, put vpon them eight quarts of good Rhenish wine, let them so stand togither three or fower dayes. For the weaknesse of the stomacke drinke a good draught of it in the beginning of thy meales: but for the headach, at the latter end.

This wine is very good for a cold and moyst braine, and hurtfull for yong folkes and hot complexions.

Another for the same: Take rootes of Buglosse one M. rootes of Cicorie halfe as many, flowers of Buglosse, of Borage, of Roses, of Rosemarie, Harts tong, of each halfe a M. boyle them in fower quartes of wine the space that thou maiest boyle an eg hard: let it coole, straine it, and then take fower quarts of wine more, and stéepe in it sixe Sage leaues, and as much Rose∣marie, long Pepper one ounce, Galingale one ounce and a halfe, Cloues, Cubebs, of each halfe

an ounce, Cardamonie two drag. Cinnamom, Currans prepared, Coriander séeds, of each one ounce: these things being well beaten, tye them in a cloth, and boyle them with the wine, but not aboue twentie bubbles; then put both wines together in a little rundlet, and let the spices stéepe in them eight dayes together, pressing them out once a day. If this wine be too strong for thy drinking (as it is most like to be) then mixe other wines therewithall before thou drinke it.

Of other Cephalicall herbes and spices, thou shalt find a description in the eight part of this booke.

Hitherto we haue aboundantly treated of cold headaches with their appropriate remedies internall: now because that outward applications oftentimes are of no lesse effect than the in∣ward medicines, I do purpose at this present to set downe diuers externall remedies.

* 1.9A Muske ball for the same: Take Laudanum halfe an ounce, Lignum Paradisi, Styrax Calamita of each one drag. Cloues, Nutmegs, Basill séedes, of each halfe a drag. Rose water with which a little Muske is dissolued, make it vp into a ball: if thou adde a small quantitie of Amber, it will be the better. Thou shalt find diuers sorts of these sweet smelling bals in sundrie places of this booke described.

These bals are made after this manner: Take a warme mortar and pestell, and put into it a little of the foresaid Rosewater, with the Laudanum and Waxe: stir them with the pestell to∣gether till they be molten, then mixe the other powders with them, except the Muske & Amber, and make it vp in bals of what bignesse thou please; last of all, pricke them full of litle holes, but not very déepe, into the which thou shalt put the Muske and Amber mixed first with Rose wa∣ter: then take some finely prepared Cotton, wipe the mortar with it, and wrap the swéet ball in it, or kéepe it in a little red péece of sindal. It is also good to snuffe vp some of the foresaid powder into the nose, or else a little muske.

To perfume with all: Take Frankencense, wood of Paradise, Mastix, Nutmegs, Styrax Ca∣lamita, of each by it selfe, or of them all as much as thou wilt. Also take Frankencense, Sandara∣cha, wood of Paradise, of each a like quantitie: throw it on glowing coles, and receiue the vapor or smoke.

The manner of making lyes and sopes for the same, with which the head being washed the braine is comforted, her moisture dried, and her ouermuch cold changed into warmth, for which purposes thou shalt vse these things following: Take Roses, Sene leaues, Betonie, Marioram, Agaricke, of each one drag. steepe them in hote lye the space of foure or fiue houres: others first boile them in wine, and afterward mingle it with lie.

Take Mace thrée drag. Stechas, Marioram, of each one drag. blossomes of the wild Vine, Roses of each two drag. Spica one drag. cut them all into small péeces, put them into a litle bag, and then steepe them in the ley: this comforteth the head, braine and memorie, and helpeth also the swimming or giddinesse of the head.

Also take Spica halfe an ounce, Lauander flowers, Roses, Marioram, Rosemarie, rootes of the blew flower deluce, of each two drag. cut them into péeces, and being put into a bag, stéepe them in ly, and wash thy head with it: this strengtheneth the braine, all the senses, and the me∣morie very much.

Also take wild Mints, Nep, course Marioram, Hyssope, Bay leaues, of each sort two M. Rosemarie blossomes, Stechas, Gold flowers of each halfe a M. and séeth them in ly: take also Marioram, Sage, Cammomill, Bay leaues, Stechas, of each a M. lay them in stéepe in the wa∣er of ly, as is aforesaid.

* 1.10Here followeth diuers sorts of washing bals very méete and necessarie for the cold, and hu∣mors of the head. Take Venice Sope, halfe a pound, bruise it and stampe it in a warme mortar with a hote pestell, and make it somewhat moist with Rosewater, or Lauander water, vntill it be like vnto dowe, then beate one ounce of Ireos roots, Cloues, Nutmegs, Cinnamom, Carda∣monie, Stechas,, of each a drag. Roses, Basill, Rosemarie, Lauander blossomes, of each halfe a drag. all dried and beaten to powder, and then mingle the same with the dowe of the Sope, and take oyle of Spikenard, and rubbing your hands therewithall, then make vp the bals.

Also prepare or dresse the Sope in like sort as before is mentioned, and then mingle there∣withall these powders hereafter following, to wit, Lauander halfe an ounce, Roses, Marioram, Basill, of each a quarter of an ounce, Ireos 3. quarters of an ounce, Benzoin, Styrax Calamita, Stechas, of each a drag. Spike a quarter of an ounce, and mingle them with Rose water. Then

annoint the temples of the head, and it will giue a very sweet smell or fume, and comfort the head and braine.

Also take of the foresaid Sope prepared in the like manner as before is specified, two ounces, and mixe therewithall a quarter of an ounce of Agaricke: Ireos, Cloues, of each half a dragme, Camfire a scrup. Then make bals thereof in what sort you desire them.

Also take Venice Sope foure ounces, Ireos, Cloues, Betonie, of each thrée dragm. Mario∣ram, Macis, Galigan, Lignum Aloes, Ciperus, Calmus, Sandaracha, of each a scrup-liquid Sti∣rax a drag. and a halfe, Muske foure graines, then dresse the Sope with Lauander water, as before is specified. Also heretofore in Chap. 1. §. 2. is mentioned, how the strong smell of the Sope may be taken away and made very commodious and fit for vse to diuerse purposes.

Here is to be noted, that if the bals be for present vse, then are the bags herafter mentioned not néedfull: but for the bags, you are to take drie Betonie a M. Borage, Melilot, Millet a little dried in a pan, of each halfe an ounce, Rosemarie flowers, Stechas, of each a quarter of an ounce; make the bag so great, as the place of the griefe, and put the same therein, and lay it to the place where the griefe is. This following is stronger: Take drie Betonie, Rue, of each half a M. Rosemarie blossomes, Stechas of each an ounce, Basill séede, Rue, of each halfe an ounce: beate them in a mortar together, and put them in a little bag, and lay them to the head. Millet scorched or dried a quarterne: the like quantitie of salt, and also as much Cammomill, put them in a little bag, and lay them warme vpon the head: this is also very good.

Also take Stechas, Cammomill, wild Mints, Marioram, Bay leaues, of each a handfull, Sene leaues, Cyprus, Citron shels, of each two drag. Cubebs, Nutmegs, Cloues, of each a drag. Macis, Spike of India, Ciprus rootes, Calmus, of each two drag. beate these together in a mortar; then put the same into two litle bagges: and if thou wilt haue it warmer, then take Doues doung and Mustard séede, of each thrée dragmes, Beuer cod, and Euphorbium of each a dragme.

Note also very specially, that neither Roses nor other stopping things be put in the bags, nei∣ther are these plaisters following, in any wise seruiceable; and although they be strong, yet do they but hinder the diuiding of the matter. Therefore you shall not vse the bagges in certaine houres after you haue washed it with the Sope before mentioned.

A powder for the head: Take Nutmegs, Macis, Rosemarie, Cloues, Frankencense, Mar∣ioram, Lauander, Stechas, of each a like quantitie, beate it small, and rub the head well there∣withall vpon the seame of the head, and then couer and kéepe warme the head with a cap, that the smell of the powders may the longer remaine.

Also take Betonie, Marioram, Stechas, Roses, of each a M. Sage, Rue, course Marioram, of each halfe so much, Rosemarie two drag. Citron shels one ounce, Barke of Frankencense, Myrrhe, Frankincense, Mastix, Sandaracha, of each halfe an ounce, Cloues halfe a drag. beate them all into powder. This is very good for the moist and rheumaticke head, to drie it and to procure warmth.

Plaisters and salues: Take Aloes, Penniroyall, Citron shels, wilde Mints, Sandaracha, Frankencense, of each halfe an ounce, oile of Roses one ounce, Laudanum sixe ounces, beate these small in a warme mortar, with a warme pestell, put thereunto sixe ounces of molten waxe, the other being very small beaten, then spread it vpon leather, and couer it ouer with red farsnet: this shalt thou lay vpon the head of the partie grieued in the morning whilest he is fasting: this drieth very strongly, warmeth the head, and comforteth the braines.

Another: Take of the best Laudanum two ounces, Maces, fiue dragm. Millet that is scor∣ched or dried two drag. Turpentine and oyle of Cammomil so much as shall be néedfull for one plaister, and then vse the same as before is mentioned. Some take foure ounces of Laudanum, and Horehound in the place of Mace.

This plaister following is very strong, and of great heate: Take Beuer cod, Euphorbium Pepper, white Mustard séede, Styrax Calamita, Rue, Horehound, of each a like quantitie: this beate all together with wine vntill it be like dowe, and therof make cakes of a like waight, let them drie. When you will vse them, rub them with oyle of Costus (otherwise Balsam) or Cam∣momill oyle vntill it be made fit for a plaister or a salue, then lay it vpon the forehead: for it is very good for any old or cold paine of the head, but lay it not vnto the forehead onely, but also drop some into the eares, and it will be very warme, and therefore I do not counsell you to take

much thereof.

This is of speciall account: Treacle or Mithridate, with the iuice of bruised Mints, make it thicke as pap, and then annoint the forehead therewithall in the time of rest, and principally in Hemicrania, and where you find the head most cold, there vse it oftenest.

Also take the rootes of wild Cucumbers, wormwood, of each two M. séeth them together with a soft fire in thrée ounces of water, and as much common oyle, vntill it be sodden to a third part. With this moisture rub the head till it be wet, and of the rest make a plaister, and lay it to the place of the paine.

Also take of the vsuall plaister Apostolicon foure ounces, make it soft with the oyle of Cam∣momill, and then rub the place of the paine therewithall. Alwaies vnderstanding that the haire is to be first cut off very close.

Hereunto may also of the oyle of Spikenard, of Costus, of Beuer cod, of Cammomill, and Dil be vsed, of each a like quantitie, and then stamping all the foresaid herbes and rootes with them.

Addition.

The hearbes and simples that are vsed in a cold head-ach are these: Iris Illirica, oile of the wild Oliue, oile of Almonds, the seedes of the chast tree, bitter Almonds, Lana succida, wa∣ter Mints, the iuice of Iuie leaues, Aloes, Mints, wild Time, Melilot, the leaues of Bac∣charis, Rue, Scammonie, Annise, Dog Fennell, Git, the lesser Coniza, the young leaues of Ana∣gyris, Rhodia radix, Hippoglossa, Laurell, iuice of the wild Cucumbers, Galingale, Nardus Italica, Lauander, Valerian with the roote, Cinnamom, Cubebs, Muske, Siuet, Amber, oile of Baies, Mummie, Mastick, Agarick, water of Veruaine, Verbascum, Coloquint. For the heate and hote paine of the head, Priuet blossomes, drie Roses, Purslaine, the rootes of water Lillies, and of Rhodia, iuice of Poppie, the greater Housleeke, tame or garden Nightshade, Vine leaues, mosse of trees and stones, oile of Priuet, iuice of Plantaine, of Lettice, Fabaria beaten, Henbane, Muscilage of Fleawort, Mandrake, all manner of Housleeke, white Saunders, the decoction of Sene, Camfire, &c. Some of these are vsed onely inwardly, some onely outwardly, and some also both wayes, and for that cause they are not to be vsed without great circumspection.

Of neesing for a cold and rheumaticke head. §. 2.

MAny do aduise to prouoke néesing, for to cleanse the braine and head therby: but it is also to be doubted, that the same will rather distemper the head, so that it must prouidently be dealt with, as shall presently hereafter be expressed. Ther∣fore it is also needfull to speake somewhat of néesing, which doth men much good or ill.

Néesing, Sternutatie, is a motion of nature, or of the expulsiue vertue to driue out all that hindreth the aire from the braines. Or, néesing is a speciall motion of the braines expelling superfluous moisture or matter, and that thorow the helpe of the attracted aire, which driueth out the same speedily thorough the mouth and nose.

The causes of néesing are sharpe things, as Onions, Lillies, Hellebore, Pepper, Mustard∣seeds, and such like in smelling, eating and drawing them into the nose. To hold vp the nostrils against the Sunne, to tickle in them with some sharpe things. But for more safetie this is mine aduice, that Neesewort be refrained as much as is possible, as also Pieretrum, Euphorbium, and such like moe, and principally by themselues alone. In like manner, although the wild Cucum∣ber doth draw forcibly, yet notwithstanding it is a great deale too sharpe. But if it be found good aduice to vse neesing, then are these compounded remedies hereafter following much safer and milder to cleanse the head and braines: Take Marioram one quarter of an ounce, Nigella séedes, Rosemary flowers,* 1.11 of each one dragme, Cloues two scruples; beate them small, and smell thereto.

Item take beaten Marioram one quarter of an ounce, Pieretrum one scrup. Ginger one scru. white Hellebore nine graines, and beaten all small together.

Item take Pyretrum ten graines, Betonie a drag. Marioram one drag. and a halfe, and beate them all together.

Item take Laudanum, Myrrhe, Amanacum, white Hellebore, of each one drag. Frankencense, Euphorbium, Coriander, Ginger, long Pepper, of each halfe a drag. these beaten all to fine pow∣der, it is very good for the cold murre.

Item take Pyretrum, blacke Hellebore, of each halfe an ounce, white Hellebore, Beuer cod, of each two drag. Marioram halfe a drag. beate them to powder: of this vse but a little, and not very often; for it is very strong.

Oile of Spike being put into the nose, doth prouoke néesing. There may also be drawne vp into the nose two ounces of Marioram water, and afterwards wash the forehead and face warme therewith.

For what end néesing is commodious or hurtfull, you shall perceiue here and there in this booke.

Lotions for the féete. All Phisitions do commend for sundrie sicknesses, and also for cold ach in the head, this lotion of the feete: Take Betonie, Roses, Elderne flowers, Cammomill, Mar∣ioram and Sage, of each foure handfuls: seeth them together, and euery euening put the feete deepe inough therein, and so continue about halfe an houre therein: this may be kept good three dayes together.

If so be that the patient cannot sleepe he may vse this three or foure times a weeke: Take Cammomill, Melilot, Violet leaues, of each one handful, water Lillies, halfe a handfull, Pop∣pie heads broken in peeces one ounce: seeth and vse them as before.

The order of diet for the cold paine of the head. §. 3.

STrong wine is good, but not too much, to the end it do not disturbe the head: once in eight dayes he must bath & wash his head with the decoction of Cammomill, Mar∣ioram, and Stechas: or he may vse according to the importance of the sicknes, one of the foresaid lyes or sopes: before meales is his head to be rubbed with warme clothes, and after meates take a litle Marmalade, thereby to hinder the vapours of the stomack from ascending to the head, and prouoking of new paine.

Outward bruisings of the head. §. 4.

ALl outward bruisings or wounds of the head, whereof is not onely caused great paine, but also great perill of life, do belong chiefly to Chirurgerie, notwithstanding where we shall hereafter discourse of the Scull, somewhat shall be spoken thereof.

What doth conuey the medicines towards the head. §. 5.

WE haue hitherto described many kindes of remedies and medicines that are méete for the hot, cold, and other paines of the head: but because the laxatiue and purging medicines through their owne power do not expell all humors (for which they be giuen) out of all members indifferently, without the addition of such things as may conuey their operation towards some certaine member, the which one desireth to haue them to purge: therefore we will discourse here somewhat ther∣of. And that you may by example clearely vnderstand the same, then behold the Oxymel that shall immediatly be described: it prepareth or digesteth flegmaticke humours indiffe∣rently as well in one member as in another. But if so be you mixe therewith Nutmegs, Pionie séedes, or Cubebs, then doth it onely purge the head, and none other part of the bodie: and if you put thereto Tamariscus and Caper rootes, then doth it purge out of the milt, and so foorth with all the rest. Now because we write here onely of the head, these are the principallest simples or herbes, that do conduct the medicines towards the head; to wit, Nutmegs, Cubebs, and Pionie, Penniroyall, Marioram, Balsam wood and séedes, Frankincense, Beuer cod, Lau∣danum,

Melilot, the right Acorus, Lignum Aloes, Myrrhe, Chamedris, Squils, Nuces pinea, Spike∣nard, Gentian, Hysope, Pepper and Sagapenum or Serapinum.

There are many things moe here and there discouered in this booke, which the diligent rea∣der shall find to be very méet for the headach.

Additions vnto the paine of the head.

FOr the forementioned pain of the head there are certaine things commemorated, that are commodiously and much vsed, & yet are not discouered how they shold be prepared.

Thus, to the end the reader might be satisfied, we will here describe certaine of them, and begin with Oxymel.

Diuers kinds of Oxymel. §. 6.

FIrst we will begin with that which at the Apothecaries is called Oxymel sim∣plex: for that it is made onely of honie and vineger: now for to make the same, take clarified honie foure ounces, powre thereto two ounces of cléere water: séeth the same together, and scum it, vntill all the water be sodden away: put thereto two ounces of vineger, let it séeth together vnto a sirupe. This consu∣meth all tough slime and thick humors, openeth all obstructions, cleanseth the brest, and maketh an easie breathing.

The second Oxymel is called at the Apothecaries Compositum or Diureticum. It is made in this manner: Take Fennell rootes, and rootes of Smallage, of each two ounces, the seedes of Parsley, of Butchers broome, of Sparage, of Smallage, and of Fennell, of each an ounce: take out the core of the rootes, chop them, and séeth them in a quart of water vntill they be mellow, afterwards wring them out thorow a cloth, and adde to the decoction sixe ounces of sharp vi∣neger, twelue ounces of cleansed honie, let them séeth together vnto a sirupe. This is much stronger for all vses then the former: it doth attenuate all tough slimes, it driueth them out of the members, openeth the obstruction of the liuer, of the milt, and of the kidneys, it expelleth the vrine and sweate.

The third Oxymel is made of Squils called Scyllinum, or at the Apothecaries Squilliticum: for this, take vineger of Squils which is described before in the second Chapter, §. 1. against the cold paine of the head, foure ounces, clarified hony sixe ounces, and séeth it al together vnto a sirupe.

The fourth is Oxymel Scyllinum compositum, the which is thus made: Take the roots of Smal∣lage; of Fennel, of each two ounces, the rootes of Parsley, of Butchers broome, of Sparage, the seedes of Smallage, and of Fennell, of each halfe an ounce: séeth them together in a quart of water vntill the roots be mellow: vnto this decoction adde twelue ounces of vineger of Squils, clarified hony 18. ounces, and then séeth it to a sirupe.

They are both very good to attenuate the tough slimes, to strengthen the stomacke, and to prouoke vrine: but the first is stronger to open all obstructions, and is speciall good against all quotidian and quartaine agues.

Purging sirupe of Roses. §. 7.

TAke a pound of red or damaske Rose leaues, put them into a pot with a narrowe necke, powre thereon about thrée times so much of hote cleare water, let it stand so 8. or 12. howers couered very close, afterwards wring it hard out with thy hand, straine the liquor cleare thorow a cloth: then take againe fresh Roses as before, and powre the strained liquor séething hote vpon it, let it stand as before: wring it out againe, and do this afterwards 8. or 12. times together (the oftener the better) and it will be the stronger in purging.

Lastly, wey all that strained iuice of Roses, and put halfe so much Sugar vnto it, and clarifie it with the white of an egge, vntill it be very cleare: afterwards let it seeth to a sirupe. Some do stampe the Roses, that the vertue might come out the better.

Others do make it after this manner, as followeth: Take red or damaske Rose leaues two

pound and a halfe, powre thereon ten quarts of May deaw or cleare raine water made méetly hote: let them infuse together in a warme place a whole day and a night stopt very close. The next day wring it out hard: make the broth not séething, but onely meetely hote: then powre it againe vpon two pound of fresh Rose leaues: let them stand and stéepe, as before. The third time take one pound and a halfe of Roses; the fourth time one pound, and so the fift and sixt time: last of all, after the foure last times, take each time halfe a pound of Roses: afterwards, the liquor being strained, put vnto thrée parts of it one part of Sugar: seeth it well, clarifying it vnto a sirupe. Of one of these sirupes may be giuen to a full growne person three, foure, or fiue ounces at one time: vnto a young child one ounce: vnto one of eight or nine yeares old, two ounces, and further after the same rate, according to the greatnesse or smalnesse.

This sirupe doth quench the thirst and heate in all hote agues, it doth strengthen the sto∣macke and the hote liuer, defendeth the heart from all venime and stinch: therefore it is also good for the plague, and looseth very gently.

It is also prepared with Rubarbe and other things, according to the opinion of euery Phi∣sition.

Barley water. §. 8.

IT is ordained before, for the hote paine of the head, to giue vnto the sicke body Barley water for his daily drinke, the which is prepared after diuers maners, but is commonly prepared thus: Take vnto a good deale of water one ounce of péeled Barley, let it séeth vntill it breake. Some do steepe it two or thrée houres before in cleare water. And albeit that such Barly water haue small force, yet it is better than bare water, when the patient is forbidden to drinke wine.

There are also other things moe, according to the importance of the sicke person, put vnto it, as Masticke, Barberies that do colour it like vnto wine. In like manner are also hearbes, rootes, and all that one will, decocted therein.

Manus Christi with Pearles. §. 9.

THis cordiall Sugar is very common, and is made thus: Take 12. ounces of the whitest Sugar, seeth it with Rose water like as is taught in our introduction, af∣terwards when it beginneth to be cold, stir an ounce of prepared Pearles amongst it, and make Tabulates or Manus Christi of it. It is good for all faintnesse, hote agues, heauie fantasies and imaginations.

The Apothecaries do commonly not take more then a dragme of Pearles vpon a pound of Sugar, because men will not go to the cost thereof.

Without Pearles the Apothecaries do call it Manus Christi simplex, they decoct the Sugar with Rose water, without putting any thing else vnto it. It is made also with violet water, Cinnamom water, and howsoeuer that one will haue them.

The third Chapter. The Haire of the Head.

EVen as we haue discoursed of all kind of paines of the head, so we w••l now begin certaine other things of the same in particular, and of that which maketh shew outwardly in the top of the head, to wit, the ha••••e, the which groweth there of it selfe, garnisheth the head, decketh and ••o∣uereth it. And although the same haire (like as the nailes also) hath no other gouernment but onely the growing and garnishing by nature: neuerthelesse it hath that secret in it, that thorow his colour, his hard∣nes, softnesse, finenesse, curling, euennesse, and other marks, it doth suffi∣ciently giue knowledge how the braines which lye vnder it are in∣clined; to wit, the cold, warmth, drith, moisture, as also their mixed complexions, as cold and drith, warmth and moisture, whereby it may be knowne what humor or moisture doth most

abound, or whether ones haire also wil quickly fall off or not. These weightie and other causes haue planted by nature in all men, specially in women, a carefulnesse to looke vnto, and main∣taine it: the one with making it grow more or thicker than the other, to change the colour, to make it fall away, to keepe it cleane from all vermine, and to frée and cleare it from all defaults. Because therefore that this is so greatly estéemed, it is requisite to prosecute our attempted me∣thod, and to write also somewhat thereof. And first of all, of those things which cause the haire to growe: afterwards, to take that away which hindereth, or to draw or plucke it out.

To cause the haire to grow, and to colour it. §. 1.

ALl they that desire to haue their haire grow thicke and apace, are to annoint the place oftentimes with honie where they will haue it growe: also to make a ley of herbes (to wit, for young maydens and women) who beare the name thereof, Gallitrichon, faire haired, Politrichon, much haire, Capillus Veneris: Venus haire. And if any bodie haue a bald patch: then take garden snails pluckt out of their houses, Horsleaches, Bées, Waspes, Salt, of each a like quantitie: powne them not too hard one amongst another, put them into a glassed pot that is pitched beneath, and hauing a smal hole, burie it the space of eight dayes in warme horse dung, and receiue the moi∣sture that droppeth out in another glasse bound vnder it: and annoynt therewith the baldnesse, rubbing well the place first: wash the head with the decoction of vrine, Wormwood, Southern∣wood, and of Lineseede well parched: goates milke doth likewise make the haire growe faire. You shall also find moe things hereafter in the description of the eye browes, and of the beard.

Of the dying of the haire in generall. §. 2.

IF any desire to dy the haire otherwise than it is grown by nature, then is this ge∣nerally to be obserued: that he alwaies before wash the haire with ley made of vine stockes, wherein a peece of Allum is dissolued: for the Allum maketh a prepara∣tiue for to receiue all colours, as is well knowne to all Dyers.

Here do now follow certaine sorts of colours.

Amongst Dutchmen there is no colour more highly commended then the gold colour or yel∣low, like as it was much esteemed of the Romaines: so that sometimes they dyed their beards and haire with gold: but these things following are also meet for this purpose.

* 1.12Take ashes of the Vine stickes, eight ounces, of Barley straw two handfuls, of Licorice two ounces, seeth them together in a great quart of water; afterwards let it settle, and wash the head with this ley, and let it drie of it selfe.

Item take shauen Beechen wood, Gold flowre, Venus or maiden haire, of each one hand∣full, Licorice halfe an ounce, Saffron one scrup. let this mollifie in ley, wash the head, and let it drie of it selfe: also as often as one combeth him, he must wet the combe therein.

Item take Willow leaues, white beaten Mustard seede, Consolida Saracenica, broad Plan∣tain, Water Cresses, Radishes, white Hellebore, Bryonie, Onions, of each halfe an ounce: cut them all in péeces, and let them seeth al together a while in ley, temper one ounce of Honie a∣mongst it, and then let it stand vntill the hearbes do putrifie: afterwards put more fresh herbs therein, and seeth them with as much honie as there is of the decoction, vntill it be thicke, and annoynt the place where you desire to haue the haire grow: but looke well to it that you touch no other haire with it, for it would be disordered thereby, but I aduise no man to vse much of this salue, for it is hurtfull for the head.

Item in March take Poplar buds and séeth them with ley; take also powned Colewoort seede, temper it with the oyle of Walnuts like to a salue, and annoynt the head therewith.

Or take nettle rootes, horse Radish, the gumme of the Birch, make it hote vpon the fire with the ley, and wash the head therwith. Iuniper oyle annointed thereupon after washing, will ea∣sily make yellow haire to grow: but note that this oyle is hote. This should also the fruite of the Béechen tree do, being laid in ley.

* 1.13Blacke haire: Some that by nature haue blacke haire, do diligently seeke to augment that colour: others will cloke therewith the mishapen haire, many will dy gray haires therewith,

which to effect, they annoint it with the iuice of Sage.

Burne Hasell nuts, as many as you please, in a luted potte, stampe them to powder, then make them vnto a salue with the tallow of a Beare or Goate: this doth not onely dy black, but maketh also the haire to grow.

Item take beaten Gal nuts sixe ounces, seeth them in nine ounces of Sallet oyle, as long as one would seeth an egge hard: afterwards wring them out, mixe amongst it pounded Priuet, burnt Vitriol, Salt gem, of each one quarter of an ounce: let it seeth a good while together, ha∣uing washed the haire with the decoction of Blites and Elderne flowers, then make it fat with the foresaid oyle.

Item take the green shales of Walnuts, stampe them and seeth them, annoint the haire with it, and it will be as blacke as Pitch. For this also helpeth Cipers nuts, Beane straw, burnt shales of Hasell nuts, peeles of Pomegranates, vnsleckt Lime, Priuet, and oyle of Nuts.

For to make curled haire, take Mallowes layd in ley; if one would dy his haire gray,* 1.14 then make ashes of the innermost barke of Iuie, and wash you oftentimes therwith, or annoint your haire with Badgers grease.

To hinder Gray Haires. §. 3.

TO be gray, is onely proper to mans head, which commeth thorow the abatement of the naturall warmth, or thorough the ryoting life, whereby Flegma is in∣creased, and it is sometimes also caused as well thorough vnnaturall heate as cold: but if any be gray before his time, that commeth by vse of much fruite and fish: but to vtter the truth, the gray haires are none other then an Ensigne or ban∣ner for vs, that death planteth vpon our heads, signifying that it will shortly haue victorie ouer vs. But as there be many that would hide their age, and would rather be thought young men, them old fooles; So hath it bene also found out, not how to turne away gray haires, but how to preuent the same, whereof we will here write somewhat.

The chiefest is the daily purging of flegme, and specially with vomits and clisters, for which are fit Pilulae Cochiae, Trifera Saracenica, these pils following.

Take Coloquint, Turbith, Aloe, of each a dragme, Fennell seede, Annis séedes, Persley seede, blacke prepared Hellebore and Pepper, of each halfe a dragme, Diagridion two scrup. make thereof a masse with the iuice of Wormwood, take a dragme therof at the most at one time, for they be strong: good héed is to be taken in this purging, that age for gray haires be not thereby taken away.

The auncient Phisitions do describe many things for preuenting gray haires, what is to be eaten, drunke, and refrained: also what is to be vsed a whole yeare in youth, and that one must eate snailes: so that it grieueth me to enter into so néedlesse a matter (when one would stay and preuent the course of nature) I will therfore be briefe. Annoint thy head with the oyle of Beuer cod, with the oyle of a Beare, fresh oile of Roses, or oile of Mustard séede: all which are méet to preuent gray haire: or take the spleene of an old dog, and rub the haire therewith. Also the oile of Priuet doth preuent gray haire.

Item take Tassell, séeth it in ley and vse it daily: stéepe in the ley Mirtle leaues, Cipers nuts, Iuniper wood cut, the barke of Fir-wood with the leaues, Gall nuts, and such like.

To take away haire. §. 4.

TAke a pint of wine, drowne twentie gréene frogs therein, or as many as can be drowned therein, then set the pot forty dayes in the warme Sun: afterwards straine it hard thorow a cloth, annoint the place therewith where you wil take away the haire.

Make the place oftentimes moist with the iuice of yellow Lillies, which is wild Flower deluce. Take Ants egs and rub the place therewith, wherein you would haue the haire taken away, it will fall off and grow no more againe. Item annoint the haire place with the iuice of Sloes, and it will make the hairie place bald and smooth.

Will you plucke out haire without breaking the skin?* 1.15 Then take six ounces of Turpentine

set it on the fire in a new pot, and let it séeth somewhat; then powre it into a panne full of cold water, and stir it continually about with a woodden sticke vntill it run together. Then powre therein other fresh water, and plucke it with your fingers well from another, whereby it may be well washed; and do this so long, vntill it waxe faire and white; afterwards temper amongst it one ounce of beaten Masticke in the foresaid pot, séeth it all together as before, and wash it also afterwards as before is done, and kéepe it alwaies couered with water, and when you will vse it powre out the water: let it melt with the fire, spread it on a cloth, and lay it no where but on the place whence you would haue the haire drawne out, and when it is cold (as it will be quickly) pull off the plaister with violence. Then will the skin remaine very white and bare of haire, then haue a péece of fresh larde readie, and therewith annoynt the place, and then wipe it by and by away with a cloth: then will the skin be bald and smooth.

Of diuerse defaults of the haire. §. 5.

THe cunning & expert Phisitions do reckon nine kinds of defaults of the haire: Contorsio, Decoloratio, Quassatio, Fractio, Atrophia, Canities, Alopecia, De fluxio and Ophiasis. The first, Contorsio, is called a curling or intangling of the haire. The second, Decoloratio, a deformitie of the colour. The third, Quassatio, which is a splitting or cleauing asunder of the haire. The fourth, Fractio, a short breaking away of the haire, that it snappeth asunder. The fift is, Atrophia, that is as much as a drying away or consuming of the haire for lacke of foode. The sixt is Canities, when the haire before his due time becomes gray or white. The seuenth is Alopecia or Arca, which is bald∣nesse or falling off of the haire. The eight is Defluxio, which is also a falling away of the haire, like as in them who lost their naturall heate, or recouer after a long continued sicknesse. The last is Ophiasis, which hath her name of the snake: it is also a changing of colour not vnlike to the other; for it is parti-colouring like to a snake.

Of baldnesse and falling off of the haire. §. 6.

BAldnes and falling away of the haire is thrée fold: as the falling off of the haire of the head, of the eye browes, & of the beard. Of the two last we wil discourse in their place: here we will onely speake of the first falling away of the haire. The causes of the same are inflamed moistures, whereby the haire before was fed: which thorough inflammation thereof is taken away, as alreadie hath bin rehearsed: for whensoeuer that it wanteth sustenance, the haire must of necessi∣tie drie away, and fall off with his rootes, as may be séene in them that haue hote braines, and become bald betimes: and contrariwise women, children, and they that be gelded very seldome. Thus to speake of the meanes: the first proofe is, whether the haires may be restored or not, to rub the bald place: and if it be not foorthwith red, then is there no hope at hand: but if it wax red, then it is a signe that there is still some good bloud, and therfore good hope also. And to come vnto it, first must good order of diet be obserued, to refraine strong wine, Borage, reare egs, & all that is light of digesture is commodious for him, and to drinke white, cleare, and small wine, that is swéetish. Bathing and rubbing is very méete for this disease; if the person be full of bloud, open y^e head veine, or that on the nose, or the veine behind the eares, and also purge, if it be néedfull, of whatsoeuer occasion it be that the falling away of the haire happeneth. These means following are alwaies conuenient for it: Take Euphorbium, burnt Hasill nut shels, burnt Chesnut shels, Cresses séedes, Indie Spica, Verbascum, of each one drag. bitter almonds with their pils burnt, one quarter of an ounce; make salue thereof with vine ••uict, oyle of Radishes or Barberies.

Item take Euphorbium, wild Rue, Boreas, Mustard séed, Mugwoort, of each a like much; beate them all together and make therof a salue with the iuice of Onions: let the head be rubbed vn∣till it be red, and then annointed therewith. Of such like remedies are many more described by the auncient Phisitions: but omitting them, ye haue some here that are certaine and common.

Take Pigeons dung, burne it to ashes, then powre ley vpon it, and let him be washed ther∣with.

Or Hasell nuts with the shels beaten small, and tempered with Beares grease, is very good.

Oile of egs doth defend and kéepe the falling out, and maketh the haire for to grow againe where it is fallen away. Forasmuch as the oile of egges is so good for this, and for many other things more, it is needfull to teach here how to make the same.

The oile of Egs and his vertue. Take hard sodden yolkes of egs as many as you will,* 1.16 breake them in peeces, and parch them in a pan vntill they waxe ruddy, then shall you sée oile run out: then without ceasing must you stir them about, and when they be throughly parched, presse them hard through a woollen cloth.

It is many times approoued and found, that this oile doth not onely cause the haire that is fallen off to grow againe, but doth preuent and stay the haire from falling. It also healeth, and causeth all other itches and sores to heale.

Further: Take wel salted Barly bread, burne it to powder, and temper it with Beares grease, and annoint your head therewith.

Item slake a glowing steele in the ly wherewith you will wash you: vse it often without any thing else therein.

Take Mirtle séeds and the leaues: séeth them in water, and wash the head therewith.

All that is taught hereafter against the falling off of the haire in the eybrowes and the beard, is also méete for this purpose.

Of the scales of the head, of the beard, and eyebrowes. §. 7.

THe Latinists do call the scales of the head Furfures, which is bran, well knowne of all people, and are very common in al mens heads. They grow there through a hot complexion, and when they abound much & aboue custome, then were they wont to be messengers of leprosie. They that haue them so excessiue, do get them through a licentious life, and surfetting in eating and drinking, through incontinencie, strong wine, much vse of garlick, onions and mustard, whereby the blood is burnt to ashes.

For this must one begin with purging, like as in all drie itches shall be expressed. But if the person haue much bloud, then is he to be let bloud; if not, then are to be vsed neesing powders, gargarismes, and boxing cups are to be set on the shoulders and necke, and afterwards these things: Seeth Mallowes or Venus haire in water, wash therewith the head and face, and al∣wayes rub well the head; or boile fennell séed, Licorice, Fleawort, Lupins, Hollihocke rootes, take out the muscilage as shall be taught hereafter, and temper them with the iuice of Melons. Item take Nuttrée wood, or Nut shels burnt to ashes, put them in the ly and wash you therwith. Item take Charuill, Southernwood, make a lie thereof with a little vineger. Item burne Hay flowers to ashes, and poure ly vpon it. Item take Elecampane rootes, and infuse them a good while in ly.

Or take Storkes bill, let it séeth in water, and foment well the scales therewith, that they be well frothed, and afterwards lay the herbes on the top of it, and they will weare away.

Will you yet haue stronger things? then take the gall of a Bull, Coloquint, Sal Alcali Boras, of each one drag. Gals, pils of Pomegranates and their blossomes, of each one scrup. and temper them together.

Item take narrow Plantaine, Henbane séeds, and salt, of each a little, séeth them in water and rub the scales therewith: the same also doth Aqua vitae with Brimstone amongst it.

Heretofore in the second chapter & §. 1. you haue a bag for ly, which beginneth, Take Spica &c. you may vse the same also for the scales, and put therto two ounces of Orenge péels, where∣of some of the white is cut away.

For to draw the muscilage out of the séedes and rootes, the Apothecaries do call the slime drawne out of all séeds and rootes Muscilagines; it is much vsed in this matter, and is thus pre∣pared.

Take rootes and séeds, chop and stampe each according to the qualitie,* 1.17 seeth them vntil the li∣quor be very slimy & muscilaginous: this being done, poure it al together into a long bag that is piked beneath, and bind it hard to a staffe; afterwards take two little boordes and fasten the said bag betwéene them, wring it hard from aboue downewards, then runneth the slime or musci∣lage out of it, receiue it in a cleane porrenger; and after this fashion wring or presse out all the slime that will come forth.

For to driue away Lice and Vermine. §. 8.

* 1.18THis lothsome and (especially to children) troublesome worme, hath his most abode in the foresaid haire of the head, and they do grow through moisture of the flesh, or (to speake properly) of a grosse and moist vapor that fumeth out at the pores, and through naturall warmth becometh outwardly a Louse, and receiueth also a vital spirit, and is altered into a litle worme with sixe feete, increasing and seeking their meate in the place of their generation: there∣fore are children and women more plagued then men that are drie by nature, and be much lesse hurtfull to yong children then to full growne persons, yet they haue this commodity thereby, that they that haue most lice be wholly fréed from the headach.

* 1.19The cause whence they are ingendred, may be ouermuch eating and small digesture, or ea∣ting of meates that be very moist, as diuers fruites, and especially figs and chestnuts: also ouer∣much carnall copulation, vncleane clothes, and such as are worne ouerlong.

* 1.20Now that one may be rid of this vermin, annoint the head with the broth of Salt fish, with the iuice of Alehoofe, the iuice of Fumitory mixt with Vineger: take Gentian and séeth it in ly, and wash the head therewith.

Take Bay berries, or (if you haue them not) the oile of Bay, Vineger, powned Bay berries, burnt Harts horne, seeth them together in water or ly, and wash the head therewith.

Salues. Take halfe a pound of Barrowes grease, mixe and temper amongst it one ounce of Quicksiluer, and one ounce of the oile of Bay, Licebane and white Hellebore, of each halfe an ounce, Salgem one dragme, and a litle vineger: temper them all together, and therewith annoint the head, and put a kercher on the head, and in the morning wash the head with lie.

Another. Take Barrowes grease halfe a pound, beaten Liuer foure ounces, Wolues bane, and white Hellebore rootes, of each halfe an ounce, oile of Bay one ounce, temper amongst it one ounce and a half of quicksiluer so wel that one cannot sée it, salt one drag. vse a litle thereof, for it is strong.

Item take vnprepared Coriander, séeth it in water, wash therewith the head, and all places where there are any lice, and wash the clothes in like maner, it driueth away lice and fleas: you may also try the same with Coriander leaues.

* 1.21Against Crab-lice you are to vse all the former things. They grow of a stinking matter, that nature expelleth through the hairy skin, as in the eybrowes, beard & priuities: they are most pla∣gued with them that eate many kinds of meates, vse small exercises, and much bathing. For to consume this vncleane matter, he is to be purged with Pillulae Cochiae, and to vse oftentimes gar∣garismes with the sirupe of vineger, and a litle mustard séed, and to wash the place with Allume water, and salt water, or that wherein Stauesacre is decocted.

Iem take Stauesacre and Allume, of each one drag. beate them together, temper it with hony, and annoint therewith: Others do take Salarmoniac, Aloe and Borras amongst it, and in stéed of hony, vineger of Squils: also the white of a rosted egge is commended for it, wrapt vp in a cloth, and held as hot vpon the place as may be suffered. This being done thrée or foure times, they will fall away.

* 1.22Somtime yong children haue also lice growing in their féet: for them take new laid hen egs, let them be sodden hard, cut the white in péeces in the breadth; beate then the yolks, and with fine linnen rags lay it on the feet, and then the white vpon it; and so being well bound certaine houres, the lice will créepe to the white of the egge.

The Lowsie euill, Phthiriasis, a miserable sicknesse. §. 9.

EVen as we haue written of the Lice, so we wil adioyne thereto the Lowsie euil, which the Grecians do cal Phthiriasis. This is a wonderful and terrible sicknes, that a man should be eaten vp with such baggage worms, and so bereft of his life. It hapneth that these worms do bréed of moisture of a mans flesh, and begin commonly in the eybrowes, and in some scabs, or among some scurfe therein when they do breake of themselues or are opened. Then do lice créepe out, and so by little and little out of the whole body, with such danger, that very skilfull Phisitions haue inough to do therewith, and yet neuerthelesse are these medicines following

ordained for the same: Take the iuice of Fumitory, Borage, Germander, of each two ounces, Mirobalam, Chebuli, Indi, Citrini, of each foure scrup. blacke pepared Hellebore one quarter of an ounce, prepared Agarick half an ounce, Aloe three quarters of an ounce, Epithymum, Sene leaues, rootes of Polipody, of each one ounce: powne all that is to be powned, and temper them with the iuice; if it be too soft, let it dry, and forme a lumpe or masse, thereof take one drag, and make si••e pils of it, of the which you are to take twice or thrice euery weeke, two at one time, an houre before supper.

Prepare this ly ensuing: Take Aristology, Swines bread, of each half an ounce, of Gentian, Rhapontica, of each three drag. Centory one quarter of an ounce, seeth these things in ly, and wash therewith.

Item take Ireos halfe a ounce, Squils one ounce, Centory halfe an ounce, Mirtle seed one ounce, Cloues three quarters of an ounce, bitter Almonds foure ounces, Vineger, as much as is néedfull: let them seeth together stopt well in a glasse in water by a soft fire about the space of foure houres: afterwards wring it out wel, & with this oile annoint the pushes or scabs whence the lice do issue and bréed.

A salue. Take Iuniper berries powned well, one ounce, of sallet oile thrée ounces, of white wine one ounce and a halfe: seeth them together til the wine be consumed, afterwards wring it out; then take two ounces of Barrowes greace, Elecampane rootes rosted vnder the ashes, one ounce and a halfe, Litharge of gold one ounce, prepared Quicksiluer one ounce and a half, tem∣per them and annoint the scabs therewith, but beware of the eyelids that you do not annoint them therewith.

In this lousie euill is commaunded to mortifie the Quicksiluer as hereafter followeth:* 1.23 take wild Ferne and the roots thrée M. Limons and Oranges cut in péeces, of each three drag. seeth them in water vntill the third part be consumed: afterwards straine it through a cleane cloth, and temper the quicksiluer wel amongst it. There are other meanes more to kil the quicksiluer, like as hath bene shewed in the other salues for Lice.

Of the bad sore, Scurfe or Scall of the head, and such like. §. 10.

AS through the vnnaturall moisture of the head Lice do grow: so doth there come thereof bad sores or scals of the head, as is séene in children which are full of moisture. And although these scabs are for the most part alwayes an expul∣sion of nature, whereby children are cléered from other accidents and noisome diseases, for which cause they ought rather to be prouoked then healed: neuer∣thelesse heed must be taken that this breaking out come not to grow old, and to be changed into the bad sore or scall, the which is not to be holpen in people of yeeres, nor yet in yong children, therefore will we here write somewhat thereof.

Of a Scald head.

THis is a detestable disease, to wit, the sorenesse or scals of the head with scurfe, spoile and falling off of the haire, with much itch, stench, and lothsome mishape or ilfauorednesse: the one sort are drie, the other are moist; neuerthelesse all are to be cured after one maner.

At the first doth this bad sore appeare small and little: but if they be not quickly looked vnto, then runneth it forthwith from the one side of the head to the other, vntil the whole head be ful: the causes are drie burnt humors, or moisture and putrified blood.

If it come only of Phlegma, then yéeldeth it moisture, whereof we wil make further mention.

If it be dry and old, then do all the learned conclude vpon it that it is incurable; and although it should heale in continuance of time, and through much aduise, and with trouble, neuertheles must not one cease therefore. And to this end are these things following acknowledged to be good for the same.

First it is needfull to begin the cure with a good order of diet, wherein neuerthelesse there is no certain order to be made, because that this disease is incident to yong children, albeit som∣times also to people in yéeres, wherein great difference is to be made. But generally to eschue all things which maketh heauy, melancholike and flegmatike bloud, whereof are many instru∣ctions

giuen in many places of this booke. First of all, a full growne man must alway apply him∣selfe as hereafter followeth.

Aboue all he must beware of strong and sharpe wines, and (as is said) from all melancholike meate, as cheese, coleworts, salt flesh, and such like, and must rather vse them that be light of di∣gestion, and make good blood, as fowles that haunt high grounds, rere egs, Borage, sweet fish of fresh waters. He must also oftentimes purge, according as the person is, and as the sores be great and noisome.

If a mans age wil permit it, & the the patient be abounding in blood, which may be perceiued by the greatnesse of the veines, it is aduised to open the head veines in both armes, likewise the veines in the forehead, and behind the eares. Neuerthelesse some do suppose that the two last mentioned veines are not often to be opened. To the end one might recouer haire, for which this blood is requisite, vpon the places where it is red and raised, and sheweth bloody, are horse-leaches and boxing cups to be set, and plaisters to be applied that do raise blisters, whereof shall be more spoken in time. If there be any disease where haire groweth, there must it be shorne off twice a wéeke, and alway before there be laid any salue vpon it, the haire must be cleane shorne away, and be also wel rubbed with course linnen, and afterwards annoint it ouer with the iuice of onions or of radishes. These are now the beginnings of the cure.

First of all must the grosse burned moisture be attenuated and prepared for expulsion, the which is to be effected with Oxymel of Squils called Compositum, and is described in the second Chapter, §. 6. for which also doth serue the sirupe of Fumitory. The melancholike and flegma∣tike humors are to be purged with the pils Cochiae; and if one haue strong folks in hand, he may vse thereunto Epithymum, Coloquint, and prepared Hellebore: yet a man is alwayes to be ad∣uised herein by a learned Phisition. And for example in a dry scall: Take prepared black Helle∣bore one drag. Sene leaues, Epithymum, of each one drag. Agaricus one drag. and a half, Mastick one drag. Aloe half an ounce, make pils thereof with the iuce of Smallage, and giue thereof one dragme at one time.

But if the scall be moist, then purge with these pils following: Take Cochiae one drag. & a half, Epithymum halfe a drag. make pils thereof for to vse at two times: or take Agaricus, Coloquint, and Mastick of each one drag. Aloe halfe an ounce, temper them all together with the iuice of Garlick take one drag. at once. Mirobalans, Chebuli tempered with Epithymū and Sene leaues are also méet for this.

Take of these remedies, of which we shall write against both sorts of these scals, and begin first with the least.

Fumitory, after what sort soeuer it be taken, doth much clense the blood, therefore it is to be v∣sed for this disease. Also wash the head with wormwood wine, for that it drieth the moisture, and specially healeth the scals, with the white scall or scurfe.

Annoint the scals with oile of white Lillies mixed together with the oile of Cammomill.

Take the yolks of egs, fry them well in swines grease, and put vnto it as much Tupentine, let them melt together, they dry very gently.

Take oile of Roses, Iuniper oile, of each half an ounce, quick brimstone, Pigeons dung, Ver∣digrease, of each 3. drag. a litle wax, melt them together, it is very certain, and healing all scals.

Take stamped Lupins, temper them in vineger with Barrowes grease.

Take oile of Bay and Oatmeale, of each a like much, Basil séed, one quarter of either of them, annoint the head, and lay leaues of this herbe vpon it. But it is too mild for the scall, and be∣sides the Basill séed is hurtfull to the head.

Take two handfuls of Sage, beate them smal, temper them with salt, hogs grease & vineger: let it séeth well, and annoint therewith the scald head euery other day. Vpon the day betweene both, it is very good to wash the head with the decoction of Mallowes and Dock roots.

This salue is certaine, and approoued many times: Take butter which is burnt black, Soote out of the chimney, and salt, of each a like much: stir them both well amongst the butter, vntill the butter be stiffe, and therewith annoint the scals. And if it be not needfull euery day, then about the third day wash the head with a small ley, and do this as often as is néedfull; when the scurfe falleth away, annoint the red place with this salue. Also this remedy following is much in vse: take pure turpentine two ounces, and wash it well with cléere water, fresh butter one ounce washt well, half an ounce of small bruised salt, one Orenge beaten all to péeces and

wroong out hard, the yolkes of thrée new layd egs, oile of Roses halfe an ounce; temper them all together by a small fire. This is a certaine salue, it may be vsed for all itches and scabs.

This salue following is excéeding sharpe, and therefore it is not to be vsed but at great néed, and for the most venemous scabs of the head.

Take two ounces and a halfe of Barrowes grease, oile of Bay, Wax, powned Frankinsence of each an ounce, salt one quarter of an ounce, Quicksiluer mortified three dragmes: first melt the wax, oile of Bay and grease by a small fire, and put one ounce of the iuice of Plantaine and Fu∣mitory with it, let them boile till the iuices be consumed; then take it from the fire and temper with it the Frankinsence and Quicksiluer, and stir it so long vntil you sée no more Quicksiluer; it is then prepared: and you are to annoint this salue onely vpon the scall, and if you mixe halfe an ounce of Mastix with it, it would make it the better.

Some haue another manner to heale the scall of the head, and do first thus: first they cause the head to be shauen bald, afterwards they annoint it the space of three daies with oile of nuts, oile of Palma Christi seeds, and oile of Cammomill tempered together.

The fourth day do they let the head to be pricked in diuers places, that it may bléed: after∣wards they let it be washed with the decoction of Fumitory, Dock roots, and of Cammomill; and afterwards they put into the same decoction Argall Squils, or Garlick; they seeth it all toge∣ther, and forthwith do rub the head therwith, and dry it with hot clothes: and this do they twice or thrice a day for the space of thrée dayes. The fourth day they wash it againe with the former decoction, and then shaue off al the haire: if the skin be not yet cleane, vse rubbing again with the Argal, & continue it so long vntil the skin be through clean, then annoint the head with the salue following. If you haue a woman to cure, then take a womans haire; if you haue a man, then take a mans haire, burne it in a pot of ashes, take thereof an ounce, burnt hazle nuts one ounce and a halfe, the dregs of sallet oile foure ounces, clarified hony thrée ounces, Myrrhe one ounce and a halfe, Aloe halfe an ounce, Saffron thrée dragmes; temper them together vnto a salue. This preserueth the skin, and permitteth not the moisture to putrifie vnder it, but maketh the haire to grow. But if it happen that through this or any other salues the skin is distempered, then must it be vsed no further, but with these decoctions following (which are much commen∣ded) it is to be washed, to wit, with the decoction of Willow leaues and Woodbind, for which these also are more requisite, Blites, Fumitory, wild Time Dock roots, Sorell, Storks bill, all together, or which one can get, decocted or bathed therewith.

This following is a very good salue, not only for the scals of the head, but also for al other scabs and scurfs, itch, falling off of the haire, nits and lice.

Take Gals, red Arsnick, Aristology, of each 3. drag. Hemlock séeds one quarter of an ounce, foot of a chimny, brimstone, bitter Almonds, Coloquint, Caper roots, fig leaues, Elmtree leaues, Verdigrease, Plume Allume, Sieff memithae plaine Coegal, Myrrhe, Aloe, frankinsence and pitch of each one drag. and a halfe, stampe all that is to be stamped, and temper it with vineger, set it eight dayes or more in the sunne vntill it be well tempered, and then vse it.

In like manner is this highly commended, although the scall had continued many yeares.

The black and white Hellebore, Brimstone viue, Vitrioll, Gold litharge, vnslekt Lime, Shoo∣makers blacking, Aloe, Gals, soot of the chimny, Woad ashes, of each halfe an ounce, mortified Quicksiluer, Verdigrease, of each one quarter of an ounce, stamp all that is to be stamped. Fur∣ther, take the iuice of Borage, Scabiose, Fumitory, Dock roots, of each two ounces, mixe them all together with three ounces of old dregs of sallet oile and as much vineger: let this seeth vpon a mild fire half an hower, and then temper the other things amongst it, and put an ounce of mol∣ten Turpentine amongst it, Wax as much as is néedful for to make a salue. This is maruellous much commended for all scurfe and diseases of the skin.

A sharp ley. The ancient Phisitions wil make a cleane head with sharp ley: but I cannot ad∣uise, especially if one will often vse the same.

Take a pound of Argall beaten small, and bind it in a cloth, powre thereon a pint of water, and let it lie so the space of halfe an houre; afterwards lay cloth and all in the fire, and so burne it thrée houres long, then beate it againe, and bind it vp as before, and burne it two houres more, beate it to powder and put it in an Hippocras bag, poure the foresaid water vpon it, let it runne through sixe or eight times, and make a ley thereof: it drieth vehemently, and hath almost the sharpnesse of blew Tartary.

Of the plucking away of the scall.

MAke nine caps of blew cloth or blew linnen, as big as the head is scallie, annoint it in∣wardly with molten pitch and rosin, and put it vpon the shauen head, and so leaue it thereon thrée dayes: afterwards plucke it off by force, and it will take away with it the haire and all the scurfe. But if there remaine any haires in it, then plucke them out with small mullets, and then wash the head with water (like as is said) wherein is decocted Fumitorie and Docke rootes, &c. And when it is drie, then set another cappe vpon it: do as before, and so vntill nine times, afterwards vse one of the foresaid salues.

Of the skinne of the head. §. 11.

FOrasmuch as the foresaid scall hangeth most on the skin of the head, and the fore∣said skin is not onely fastned to the head, but also to the whole body, couering it as with a clothing, and is layd vnder the haire as his ground: therefore are we somewhat admonished here, and afterwards occasioned once againe to write thereof in the first part.

The skinne which couereth the head, is not of one kind of nature: for this whence the haire groweth is hard, drie and thicke: the skinne of the forehead, as much as it is without haire, hath her frée motion: that which is vnder the eye cannot be separated but with great trouble, and hath no motion, like that of the forehead. The skinne of the lippes is a mixture of the skinne of the muscles, so that they may be called with both the names. Thus much may suffice at this present time.

The fourth Chapter. Of the Scull of the head.

BY this name we will not onely haue Cranium, but also all the vppermost bones of the head to be vnderstood, whereof there be seuen commonly told, the which through fiue Suturas, which is sewings or conioining, very naturally are in each other knit together. But for the same one may looke into the Anatomicos: concerning this our purpose, the head is parted into sixe parts, whereof the first is Frons, the forehead, which is begin∣ning from the eye-browes till there where the haire beginneth on both sides euen vnto the eares, it is but one proper bone called by the Chirur∣gians and other mo Coronalis, like as men do vse to weare on this place of the head the garland. The second is fast by it couered with haire, they call it Sinciput, it is with vs the former part, and hath two bones which we call Parietalia, the side bones: they touch both of them the future that passeth ouer the middle of the head, are thicke bored through with small holes and weake. The third do they call Occiput, the hinder part of the head, the necke is a great strong bone with a great hole, where the first ioynt Vertebra of the backbone hath his winding about. The fourth is Vertex, the crowne, the height and middle, from which, as from a point or circle, the haire doth spread abrode it selfe round about, but that which is betwéene both the eares and eyes be called Tempora, with vs the temples.

Lastly, is all that beginneth vnder the forehead and the eye-browes vnto the end of the chin, as eyes, eares, nose, mouth, called Facies, that is, the face. These are now the outward parts of the head, which do also comprehend the bones, of which hereafter particularly mention shall be made.

As much as then concerneth the scull, that is outwardly after diuers manner of meanes bru∣sed and perished, as through stripes, fractures, wounds, and such like, which accidents do speci∣ally appertaine vnto Chirurgions, neuerthelesse we are minded to discourse somewhat thereof. And this for a beginning.

Of the compression of the skull in yong children. §. 1.

IT commeth to passe otherwhiles that new borne children haue their skuls doubled one ouer another or compressed; for which lay this plaister vpon it: Take Lodestone, Pumice stone, salt, of each a like much, bruised small, and make with honie a plaister thereof.

Of the fracture of the skull. §. 2.

WHen it is time after the first dressing to looke to the wound of the head, then take off the tow, couer the wound with a fine linnen cloth made wet in this Aqua vitae following: Take Aqua vitae made onely of Wine one ounce, wherein put powned Aloe and Myrrhe of each one dragme, Masticke halfe a dragme, stop it fast; then strew of the powder which is powned together of the thrée things vpon the wet cloth, couer it with another cloth, and annoint the wound round about with oile of roses, couer the head gently with a linnen cap or kercher.

Item take womans milke that giueth sucke to a boy, wet a péece of silk therein and couer the wound therewith, afterwards take the well brayed white of an eg, put powned Frankinsence vnto it, spread it on a cloth and lay it ouer the wound aboue vpon the first cloth which is made wet in the womans milke, and let it lie so thrée dayes: if the braines be quiet, then is it a good signe of life: afterwards dresse him with the blacke plaister or salue that shall hereafter follow: but if the wound stanch not bléeding, then is this powder following maruellous good; Take Frankinsence two dragmes, Aloe one dragme, and therewith strew the bleeding wound.

A water. Take Rosemary with the flowers, Sage, Betonie, of each one M. steepe them 24. houres in good wine and distill it, put thereto Myrrhe halfe an ounce, Aloe one ounce, Saffron ten graines, Sarcocolla, Frankinsence of each one drag. This you are to kéep in a fast closed glasse vntill you haue néed to vse it.

After that the wound is dressed, and that it hath not bled much, some do aduise that the head veine is to be opened, and that is very truly aduised, that for all such wounds the head veine once at the least should be opened, and the patient purged: for it happeneth oftentimes that the paine of the head, impostumation, or other mischances may thereby be hindered and preuented.

But to returne againe to the Chirurgery. It hapneth oftentimes that there befalleth with it paine of the throte and of the almonds, for which is méete this gargarisme.

Take Masticke, Frankinsence, of each one drag. Plantaine, the iuice of Sloes, Acorne cups, of each one quarter of an ounce, Licorice an ounce, Pieretrum, Pomegranate pils, of each one quarter of an ounce: séeth them together in a quart of sower red wine vntil the third part be sod∣den away, put thereto prepared Bolus Armenus half an ounce, burnt Allume one ounce & a half. Lay this plaister following then vpon it to heale it withall: Take oyle of Roses eight ounces, oile of Masticke one ounce, sheepes and calues sewet of each twelue ounces, siluer litharge brui∣sed small two ounces, red lead one ounce, and a pint of wine; then let this boile softly vntill it be browne or blacke: then put thereto foure ounces of Turpentine, Masticke two ounces, Gummi Elenij halfe an ounce, white waxe as much as is néedful for to make a plaister. This plaister is especial good to cure a wound in the head, although one vsed nought else, yet is the wound often∣times to be washed with warme water: and if it were wholy impostumated, then in stead of water vse wine, wherein Mirtle séeds and blossomes of Pomegranates with a little Allume hath decocted.

Another plaister, which is also commended for good, and to haue bin approued. Take Gummi Elenij one ounce and a halfe, white rosin two ounces, Waxe two or three ounces, oile of Roses two ounces and a halfe, Ammoniack one ounce, Turpentine one ounce and a halfe, make a plai∣ster or salue of it: some adde Rie meale vnto it: others blacke Beane meale: the third sort beate Plantaine séeds: some also vse wine in stead of oile.

A salue. Take white rosin fiue dragmes, powned Aloe halfe an ounce,* 1.24 oile of Roses and waxe as much as is néedfull, let it melt by a mild fire: when it is cold, put thereto halfe an ounce of Gummi Elenij: with boiling may be made a tough plaister thereof. It draweth the matter out of the broken skull, and from the bottome or depth asswageth the paine.

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Yet one more that is stronger; Take the vpright Balsame, or in stead thereof oile of Cloues, Bdellium, Ammoniacum, of each thrée ounces, white rosin, Gummi Elenij, of each one ounce, Frankinsence, Myrrhe, Sarcocolla, beaten small, of each one dragme and a halfe, oile of roses two ounces, waxe as much as is néedfull: make a tough salue thereof, and séeth it in foure oun∣ces of the iuice of Woodbinde vntill all the iuice be consumed.

Of the skins or tunicles of the braines, called Dura and Pia mater, when they be perished. §. 3.

THese two skins or tunicles that couer the braines vnder the skul, do the Gréeks call Meninges, the vpmost is called Dura mater, the hard Mother, for that in com∣parison of the other it is very hard and full of holes where the veines passe tho∣rough. Pia mater, the good Mother, is very spare and thinne, therefore also very dangerous if the same be wounded: for which these salues following are ordai∣ned and found requisite.

Take Woodbind, Betonie, Pimpernell, of each two M. Gummi Elenij, Dragon blood, of each three quarters of an ounce; seeth them together in two ounces of oile of roses, and sufficient quan∣titie of red wine vntil all the moisture be consumed, wring it out, and let it be cold, make it as thicke as you will with molten waxe.

Or take Turpentine, Rosin, Wax, of each one ounce, Frankinsence one quarter of an ounce, oile of Roses thrée ounces, Cummi Elenij three dragm. Mastix one quarter of an ounce, Betonie, Wood bind, of each three drag. These herbes must be sodden in red wine vntill all the moisture be sod away, afterwards wring it out, temper the other things with it, stirre it wel about vntil it be a salue.

But if the skull onely be broken, whether it be by falling, throwing or beating, and a swel∣ling withall, then take Wormewood, Roses, Cammomill, of each one M. séeth them in red wine and oile of roses as much as is needfull, temper a good quantitie of Beane meale with it, and so applie it.

Item, take Wormewood, Cammomill, Melilot, of each one ounce, Stechas, Betonie, Woodbind, Bolus, Dragons blood, of each halfe an ounce, Barley meale two ounces, oyle of roses as much as will suffice for a plaister or salue, yet if you would haue it hard, adde waxe vnto it.

The triall when the plaister is sodden inough. §. 4.

IF any will put iuices, wine or any other moisture in plaisters, then are you to let the iuice be sod away: and when they be sufficiently sodden, you shall know it hereby: let a drop or twaine fall vpon the fire, if it do not sisse as water is wont to do, then it is inough.

The fift Chapter. The face a part of the head.

IT is before declared in the beginning of the fourth Chapter, that in diui∣ding of the head, the face is the sixt part, beginning and ending from the eyebrowes vnto the end of the chin, of which parts disease we will now discourse.

As much as concerneth the face in generall, man hath purchased the same aboue all liuing creatures, for it cannot be said of any beast that it hath a face, Faciem, but only of mankind: and it is also to be wondred at, that nature hath planted so many parts in so small a compasse; for that there be eyes that sée and leade the whole bodie; a mouth that speaketh and taketh in meate for the sustenance of the whole bodie; a nose that smelleth, and can discerne what is pleasant or vn∣pleasant in smell or sauour, that also doth discharge and vnburden the braines of all superfluous

moisture; eares for to heare, whereby men may vnderstand one another; a beard for to distin∣guish one man from another; eyebrowes to the garnishing and defence of the eies. cheekes, wherewith to manifest and shew shamefastnesse, feare, peace, and friendship, as shall be more at large shewed hereafter: consequently, the face is a looking glasse of the mind, of the inward intention and vnreuealed thought. But we wil not make long discourse thereof at this present, but onely to discourse of the diseases of the face, and how to cure them.

Of all staines or spots of the face. §. 1.

FOr to take away this disorder or misfiguring of the face, may these remedies fol∣lowing be vsed: make a little cruse of dow, as it were a small pastie meetly thicke, put therein sixe ounces of Cerusse, make it fast on the top, that there flie no vapor out of it; let it stand so in an ouen the space of an houre, that it be not too hote: and when it is waxen cold, take it out and bruise it small, and put thereto a sufficient quantitie of Elderne water, and so set it in the Sunne close stopped; stir it euery day about foure or fiue times, wash the face therewith foureteene dayes long, or as long as is needfull with a cloth which is wet therein. This is oftentimes approued.

Item take fresh roots of Salomons seale, beate and annoint it on the spots: or take Goates milke wherein Salomons seale roots are decocted, and vse it as is aforesaid. The water of distil∣led honie doth take them also away.

Maidens milke, Lac virginis, the which the ancient Phisitions do so name,* 1.25 is a good and sure water, not onely for staines in the face, but also for many other diseases, as shall be hereafter more at large declared, and the same shal be prepared thus: take half a pound of litharge of gold, beate it small, and put it into a pot, poure halfe a pint of vineger vpon it, let it séeth a litle, after∣wards when it is setled poure of the cléere into another glasse and kéepe it; you may preserue the litharge for to make a plaister with it afterwards.

Secondly, take a good handfull of salt, put foure ounces of water vpon it, séeth it to the halfe, and kéepe it also in a glasse by it selfe: whensoeuer you will vse it, then take three parts of salt water, and one part of the foresaid vineger, temper it well, then will it be as milke: will you haue this better, then put a little Rose water and Sal Armoniack vnto it. It is good for all scurfes: some do vse it in the eyes also, but it is very sharpe, chiefly if one take Sal Armoniack with it.

Tristrams water.

TAke twelue ounces of Nutmegs, Mace, Ginger, Graines, Cloues, of each halfe an ounce, Rubarb one ounce, Beuer cod, Spikenard, of each halfe an ounce, oile of Bay two ounces, leaue the spices vnbeaten, poure to it foure quarts of wine, couer it close, and let it stand so the space of foure wéekes, afterwards poure away the wine, powne all the spices to pay, and put it againe to the foresaid wine, let it stand well stopt thrée dayes, stirre it well about: then distil it in hot water without séething, and preserue it well. Besides that this water doth take away all spots of the face and of the bodie, there is ascribed more vnto it these wonderful vertues, to wit, some holden in the mouth taketh away the toothach. Also venison laid therein should continue good a yeare and a day. Also al ma∣ner of fruites and flowers laid therein do the like: a litle thereof put into faint wine, maketh the same fresh and quicke: a little drunke thereof doth breake all inward impostumes, it kéepeth a man in good constitution, also the stomacke, the liuer, the milt, the lights and the bowels; a cloth dipped therein put on wounds doth heale the same: it preserueth from al dead palsies, it drieth al moist and rheumaticke braines: if any drinke the same, or annoint the head therewith, it taketh away a stinking breath: also it kéepeth one long youthfull if one drinke a litle of it in the mor∣ning, as many times hath bene proued.

A salue for the spots: Take oile of Roses, vnguent of Roses, of each halfe an ounce, oyle of Violets one quarter of an ounce, the iuice of Plantaine halfe an ounce, Muscilage of Fleawort, of Mallowes, of Violet leaues, of each one ounce and a halfe: let it séeth till the Muscilage be con∣sumed, afterwards with molten waxe make a salue thereof.

For the freckles which one getteth by the heate of the Sunne: Take a little Allume beaten small, temper amongst it a well brayed white of an eg, put it on a mild fire, stirring it alwayes about that it waxe not hard; and when it casteth vp the scum then it is inough, wherewith an∣noint the freckles the space of thrée dayes: if you will defend your selfe that you get no freckles on the face, then annoint your face with the whites of egs.

Of the rednesse of the face. §. 2.

TAke the whites of two egges brayed well with Rose water, temper the iuice of Plantaine and of Docks amongst it, of each a like much, afterwards thrée graines of small powdered Sublimate also mixed amongest it, annoint the rednesse with it.

Afterwards take about eight ounces of vineger and rose water, temper one quarter of an ounce of Brimstone amongst it, Allume one quarter of an ounce, let it séeth softly vntill about one third part be sodden away, wash therewith the red face.

It is also good that the bad blood may be drawne out to set a horsleach or twaine to it, for it is found that the rednes of the face and the pushes can neuer be better taken away, than with this fastning of the leaches, but one must alwayes purge beforehand.

A water. Take Sulfure viue half an ounce, salt one drag. Camfere half a scruple, rose water, the water of blew Flowerdeluce, of each two ounces; set it fourtéene dayes wel stopt in the sun, stir it oftentimes together, make a cloth wet in it, and therewith wash the face.

Another. Take one ounce of Ceruise, Masticke one quarter of an ounce, Myrrhe halfe a drag. let them be sifted through a lawne searce together, put them into a mortar, and poure thorough a little sallet oile and vineger, and with long stirring it about make a salue thereof.

For all white pushes of the face. §. 3.

FOr this is first of all good, the water of broken Ceruise with Elderne water, which is described in the first §.

This salue may be also vsed for it.

Take shéepes sewet, fresh marrow out of the stags bones, melt them together on the fire, and annoint the face therewith. Item take Camfere halfe a drag. grind it small with three ounces of rose water, stir it often, and wash the face therewith.

For this is also highly commended, the oile of Spike, besides the good sauor, it giueth the face a good colour.

With the white pushes of the face, we do also vnderstand all scabs, blisters, and other spices of leprosie in the face,* 1.26 which the Grecians do call L••chenas, and the Latinists Montagram for that all such diseases do commonly appeare with drie white scabs, and itching scurfe about the chin, the which doth at length spred it self from thence ouer the whole body; for which these remedies following are very good.

The Goates milke that commeth warme from the beast, the water of Liriconfansie, of each eight ounces, the whites of three new laid egs which come warme from the neast, the crusts of two warme white loaues, Salomons seale one M. Camfere halfe a drag. This shall be distilled together in séething water, then temper the Camfere amongst it, and wash oftentimes the face therewith.

The face commeth also otherwhiles full of little red blisters, whence issueth a sharp moisture mixt with blood, the which if it be not remedied in time, it will degenerate into the right leprie, against which these meanes following are to be vsed.

Take water distilled of water-snegs or of muscles thrée ounces, Ceruise washed with Harts toong water, one ounce and a halfe, the iuice of wild cucumbers or the water thereof as much as is needfull for to make a salue thereof: but this following is more forcible.

Take Sarcocolla, Ceruise, Starch that is stéeped foure dayes in ly, of each thrée ounces, al these are you to temper with the white of an egge: Lastly, put thereto two graines of Muscus, and one dragme and a halfe of Camfere, make a salue thereof, and therewith annoint the face.

But this following is aboue all other to be commended: Take Litharge of gold which is well decocted in vineger and well cleansed, bruse it very small, and temper with it oyle of roses: but amongst all the rest this is to be noted for a rule, that the vse of this foresaid nointing is not to be done but onely at the euening.

For to make a cleane face. §. 4.

IF any one haue a dark and sad countenance, he is to be purged with Hiera piera, afterwards he must euery morning fasting take Gentian, Wormewood, bitter Almonds, of each one drag. beaten small together with thrée ounces of Worm∣wood water certaine dayes together: he is to wash the face oftentimes with vi∣neger tempered with Rose water. This following is also very sure: Take Li∣tharge of siluer an ounce and a halfe, Sulfure viue halfe an ounce, Camfere half a drag. burnt Allume half an ounce, make a fine powder thereof; put thereto the water of Lillies and of Liriconfansie, of Beane blossoms, Salomons seale, of each one ounce and a halfe, keepe it in a close stopt glasse, and when you will vse it stirre it well about.

Item take Beanes as many as you will, steepe them all a night in sharp vineger, take off the péeles, & drie them in a warme place; beate them to powder, and put some of it in warme water when you will go to bed, and wash thy face therewith.

It is counselled for women, that if they wil haue a wel colored face, to eate oftentimes course Marierom: for this it is also good to drinke wine, for it maintaineth a liuely colour.

In like maner are much commended for this purpose the Aromaticall wines, that haue rose∣mary in them, not onely to be drunken, but to wash the face also with them. Betonie infused a whole night in wine maketh a good colour.

For congealed bloud after any blowes remaining. §. 5.

TAke Comfrey, daisie leaues, of each thrée ounces; Cammomil, Melilot, of each one ounce; Beane meale two ounces; boile them together and beate it to grout, & when you wil vse it adde oile of Roses to it. Item this following is very good: take Com∣frey, Daisie leaues of each thrée ounces, Cammomill, Melilot, of each two ounces, Saffron one drag. Beane meale foure ounces, fresh butter two ounces, Fenegréek meale one ounce and a halfe, boile the rootes in water, beate them and make a plaister of it: this is very good for bruised members with congealed blood, it suppleth and swageth the paine, put also Wormewood and Comin vnto it, of each one ounce, then hath it not his like.

How to make a good colour. §. 6.

TAke the roots of Cuccowpint, Ceruse, of each half an ounce, beaten small, mixe them with Rose water and annoint the chéekes with it: or take the lesser thrée leafed grasse beaten, rub the face therewith; it maketh a faire face and a cléere skin: It is also ascribed to the Mi∣thridate that it should also beautifie the face, but yong hot folkes are not to vse it.

The sixt Chapter. Eyebrowes, Eyelids, with all that appertaineth vnto them.

IN the beginning of the description of the face in the fift chapter is shewed that the same hath his entrance at the eyebrowes; therefore doth the di∣uision of mans body require somewhat to be written of the same.

This is here specially to be noted, that prouident nature doth wonder∣fully defend the eyes, not onely with these, but also with other members mo, from many kinds of externall accidents: for first there be Cilia, the haire of the lids placed on the edges of the vppermost and vndermost ey∣lids, which stand out before with hard and stiffe haires, whereby all smal

things, as flies, dust, and such like, that might fall into the eyes, should be therewith withstood. Afterwards are both the eyelids Palpebrae, whereof the vndermost standeth very fast, and the vp∣permost most swiftly moueth, so that it couereth the eye against all that might fall into it: they do thus preserue and keepe the eyes in the sléepe, they couer them from the ayrie light, to the end that the whole body might the more commodiously take rest. Thirdly, they haue aboue in the end of the forehead as is said, Supercilia, eyebrowes set vpon a high bulke garnished with much haire, to the end that all things that might fal downe, and specially the sweate, which tho∣rough his salt nature might do the eyes much harme, should be kept of these as it were with a bulwarke or fortresse. And in like sort haue both the chéekes also two bunches in the midst of the two sides separated & defended with the height of the nose, like as also the outsides, both of them with hard bones preserued and prouided for, called of the Anatomists Ingales, the temples: so that the eyes are on euery side fortified that they might lie the surer in the depth. It is not néedful to speake more ampler thereof, but onely to discourse of those things which are conuenient for the healing of the maladies that are incident to those members.

Of the swelling of the eyelid. §. 1.

THere do fall many maladies into the eylids, as swellings, impostumes, blerednes, and other mo, which maladies also oftentimes with the falling away of the haire are augmented. But we wil begin with the swelling, these haue many causes, first that the defluction of the eielids cometh of a grosse and tough humor, their rednes, itch and smart make manifest, whereby they be exulcerated, and the haire falling away by no meanes groweth againe as long as this disease endureth, the which doth hurt the sight and the eyes. This patient first of all if he be full of blood, is to haue a veine opened, afterwards to prepare the matter with Oxymel compositum and sirupe of Fumitory, and afterwards to purge with these pils following, Take yellow Mirobalan barkes halfe an ounce, Aloe one quarter of an ounce, Turbith one drag. Dragagant, Roses, Diagridiō, Sene, the iuice of Fumitory, temper them all together, and giue thereof one dragme at once or foure scruples. They do purge the burnt matter and salt flegme: water baths are also very profitable for this, wherein Mallowes, Sorrell Docks and Verueins are decocted, vsed oftentimes.

At night lay this plaister following thereon, take Endiue, Purslaine, Priests crowne, of each a like much, beate them to pappe, and temper them with the white of an egge, and with a little oile of Roses: you may also wet a cloth in the iuice of those herbes, and so lay it thereon. Item take sodden Lentils, powre out the broth, bray them with a little Rose water, and lay it thereon like as the former. Or take Lentils, Pomegranate pils, Roses, Sumack, of each one ounce; beate these together, and make a pap thereof with Rose water: make the eyes often moist with stilled Rose water, or well water wherein Sorrell is decocted. Or do thus: Take Dandelion, Sorrell, Roses, Docke leaues and Lentils, of each a like much. Item, take prepared Sarcocolla, and bruise it in the iuice of Celendine, and annoint the eies therewith, is very good. The order of diet is like, as hereafter in Ophthalmia shall be shewed. But if this defluxion or rednesse of the eylids be of long continuance, then must one let blood, and purge the oftener, and outwardly vse the stronger things, as this ensuing, called Sieff viride: Take Verdigrease one drag. burnt Vitrioll one quarter of an ounce, Orpiment, Seafome, Saltpeter, of each one scrup. Sal Armoniac two scrup. temper them together with the iuice of Rue, and annoint it vpon the eylids. This is very good indeed to expell all such diseases: but it is very strong, and somewhat perilous to be vsed in the eyes, yet outwardly not a whit.

This following is somewhat milder: Take Verdigrease one dragme, Dragagant thrée drag. Saffron and Pepper of each one drag. make it as thicke as hony with sowre wine, and vse it as before.

Item, take white Wine, Rose water, of each two ounces, Aloe, Saffron, of each one dragme, wherewith wash the eyelids, take water wherein Sumacke is decocted, Rose water and white Wine, of each thrée ounces, Vitrioll, Verdigrease, and burnt Aloe, of each one drag. wash it cold therewith: or take Roses one quarter of an ounce, prepared Tutia thrée drag. Antimony, burnt Copper, of each halfe a drag. Wine six ounces, Fennel water one ounce and a half: temper them and wash the eyes therewith.

The other manner of swelling or distension of the eyelids and browes, doth come of subtile moisture or vapors. Also if there be something throwne into the eye, stung of wasps, or perished through any other inconueniences. In like manner if one rub the eyes with any strong herbes, as Nettles, Rue, Esula, &c. Also these accidents may procéed of a bad digesture of the stomack, of ouermuch watching or sléeping, like as it commeth to passe in the Lithargy, and also in the Dropsie.

Item, if the swelling be caused through stripes or hurt, then take the white of an eg brayed, temper it with Rose water, or oile of Roses, and lay vpon it as often as it is dry: two or three dayes after put Cammomill in a little bag, and let it seeth in Wine, and wet the swolne eyes therewith.

Item, if this swelling be caused through wind or vapors, then take powned Millet & Cumin, of each a like much, make a plaister thereof with fennell water, and lay a rosted apple vpon it. You may annoint it also with the iuice of Sloes.

But if the swelling do come through the stinging of Waspes or Bees, then take Theriaca, Mithridate, or the confection of Triphera, tempered with a litle Aloe, bruised with Rose water, and annoint it therewith. Some do temper salt Gemme amongst it: You may reade further thereof afterwards in the seuenth part, of the stinging of Bees.

Or if this swelling be caused through rubbing of hot hearbs or such like, annoint it with Po∣pulcon, oyle of Roses tempered with the white of an egge: for this also the iuice of Housleeke tempered with oyle of Roses, or with iuice of Plantaine, making clothes wet therein, is good. If it be caused by much watching, then is sléepe requisite: and also for a bad digesture, to suffer hunger and thirst, &c. If the same be caused through cold, then take Asarabacca Daffodil, of each halfe an ounce, prepared Tutia, and annoint the swelling therewithall: there may also oyle of roses and white waxe be molten amongst it, that it may be like a salue. The third sort of swel∣ling of these members, is like as it were a fatnesse that sheweth it selfe throughout the browes, where the same aggrauateth and hindreth the lids that one cannot well open them. This di∣stension is without paine, and if one presse his finger vpon it, then is the mark séene stand a good while afterward therein. The occasion of this is dry or grosse slime, and withall some moisture of the eyes, it doth matter in the corners of the eyes, that sticketh so fast to the eyelids. But one must first try to remedy it by fomentation, & to take for it the decoction of Wormwood, Cammo∣mill, fennell, Annise, and such like: afterwards make a plaister of prepared Ammoniack or Di∣achylon, and some salt Armoniack and Ireos tempered amongst it: and if it wil not away there∣with, then is it certaine that it procéedeth not of moisture or vapors but of rottennesse; for which many strong things are to be vsed, for that will not easily be consumed, euen as you may appa∣rantly perceiue, if you let water and fat seeth together, that the water is much sooner wasted than the fat: therfore we are also to vse the things following that are rehearsed hereafter in the first place of this distension.

Especially if the premisses will not help, he is to purge, like as is said in the first swelling or distension of the eyelids: but if so be that the water be subtile and fluxible with choler, then is a purgation to be tempered with yellow Mirobalans and Woodbind water, and also to let blood if it be needfull. Warme clothes wet with well water are also very good layd thereon: also to bathe otherwhiles. And when one goeth to bed to lay vpon it the white of an egge brayed well. In the morning are the eyes to be fomented againe with warme water: if then the matter be grosse, and the swelling be any thing big, then take Fenegreeke and Linseed, lay them to steepe in womans milke, then wring out the muscilage, but foment the eyes with warme water before, and lay the foresayd Muscilage vpon it; if there be then paine with it, annoint the place with the fat of a hen. This doth also the Muscilage of Linséeds alone, tem∣pered with a little Waxe and oile of Roses and layd thereon. This tough matter we must seeke to consume with the foresaid Collyrium of Tutia, Pepper, and such like, and therewith continue somewhat, because health cannot follow so soone after it. There cometh also other whiles paine of the eyelids, which presseth none otherwise than as if one were constrained to hold his eyes shut: for which the Mithridate is very good layd vpon the eyes and the forehead, and held in the mouth.

The fourth kind of the swelling is called Hailstones, by reason of their hardnesse, which is not throughout like to the fat swelling, but onely in one place whether it be within or without

the eyelids: for this is first to be sought to mellow it, as shall be hereafter taught. If this cannot be effected, then if it may be come by outwardly, it is to be cut out.

The fift kind receiueth her name of the Barly which it resembleth, for it is such a swelling of the eyes that stretcheth him from one corner of the eye to the other, and is greatest in the middle and smallest in the corners, and hath this difference with the aforenamed Hailstones, that they remaine hard throughout, but this not so, vnlesse it were so hardned through long continuance of time.

For to cure this, the head veine is first to be opened and purged: afterwards to lay vpon it Opopanacum molten in Cammomill oile. Afterwards a plaister made of prepared Galbanum and Barly meale, of each a like much, prepared with oile of Lillies and layd thereon: for this is also very good, Hens grease warme. The eyes must be often bathed with warme water, wherein Barly and Cammomil is sod, and afterwards annointed with the blood of Pigeons, Turties, or Partridges.

Another plaister: Take Galbanum, Ammoniacum, of each halfe an ounce, Boreas one dragme, mixe them together and lay them vpon the eye. Or take Frankinsence and Myrrhe, of each one quarter of an ounce, Landanum halfe an ounce, Boreas, Allume, Waxe, of each one dragme, the dregs of the oile of Lillies as much as is néedfull: melt therein the Laudanum and Waxe, the rest temper and beate amongst it: vse this so long vntill it be all consumed.

Of the itch and smarting of the eye∣lids. §. 2.

IT is mentioned in the former distension or swellings of the eyelids, that the same cometh with great itching and smarting, whereof we must speake more at large. This happeneth oftentimes in the infusion of the eyes Ophthalmia, through salt and sharpe rheumes, whereof shall be hereafter discoursed, and also of Lice, whereof is before spoken in the third Chapter and eight §. and shall immediatly hereafter follow in the discourse of the browes.

Otherwhiles this itch and smart doth procéed of hot bloud, or such like other moisture, and in case then the rubbing and scratching do come to it, then hath the humor the more recourse thither, whence follow scabs and scurfe, not much differing from bran or sawdust, which doth harden and continually smarteth. And although in the former swelling of the eyelids (as is said) there be good remedies declared, meet also for this disease, yet neuertheles it is very needfull to speake somewhat more thereof. If it do come through heate and rednesse, vse for it all that is there rehearsed: if it come of any sharp matter, purge (as before in the first swelling is shewed) once euery moneth. Or purge with the whay of Goates milke, wherein is sodden Epithymum, in the which shall be stéeped and wroong out Mirobalani, Chebuli, thrée dragmes, Annis séeds halfe a dragme; and if this be too much, then prepare these pils following: Take Aloe, Rubarb, of each one drag. Annis seeds halfe a drag. Diagridion two scrup. make pils thereof with the iuice of Fumitory, take thereof one dragme at the vttermost at one time: afterwards open the veines in the corners of the eye, and set boxing cups behind in the necke. Also vse either of these fomentations of the eyes, whereof hath bene spoken in many places of the distension and swel∣ling of the eyelids. Or take yellow Amber one quarter of an ounce, Pomegranate péeles thrée dragmes, temper them with hony, and annoint the eyes with it where the itch is. Or take Sal Armoniack two drag. Aloe halfe an ounce, mixe them together in a brazen morter. But if the itch be not too great after the letting of blood and purging them, onely foment the eyes with warme water, wherein is decocted Mallowes, Docks, and Sorrell, with some Rose water put amongst it: or take white wine thrée ounces, Aloe one quarter of an ounce, annoint the eyes therewith after the fomenting.

Item, take Butchers broomeséed, Pursian séeds, Lentils, of each a like much, powne them all together, close it with the white of an egge and oile of Roses: Sarcocolla tempered with the iuice of Celendine is alwayes very good for this purpose.

Of clefts in the eyelids. §. 3.

THese clefts and infection of the eyelids are caused of heate, or of a sharpe and salt humor that falleth into the eielids after the purging and letting of blood (whereof is said so oftentimes) Seeth pils and blossoms of Pomegranates very soft, after∣wards stamp them in vineger, and therewith annoint the eylids certaine daies to∣gether; and afterwards temper some Saffron and the yolke of an eg amongst it, and lay it vpon it, for it healeth much, like as doth also the Sieff de Thure, which is approued for all rheumes of the eyes, and to be sought for in the Register.

Of Warts vpon the Eylids. §. 4.

OF these there be two sorts: the one not very hard and without rankling, which is caused of melancholike humors: the other hard, like to a small Mulbery, standing commonly about the corner of the eyes: both of these must be cut or burnt, and after∣wards things laid vpon it, which hereafter for the cure of the excrescence of the flesh, of the fistula and corners of the eye are dicoursed. But of the warts shall be more amply written hereafter in the fift part.

Of the inuersion of the eyelids, where the inward red flesh appeareth outwardly. §. 5.

IT happeneth also that through the increase of flesh the eyelids do turne, and the inside doth appeare outwardly. There are two sorts of this: the one when the eyelids being turned about be red and sore, which is a kind of scabbednesse: the other doth couer and hide the whole apple of the eye with red and meetely big veines: both of them are of long continuance, and hard to be healed. Therefore it is aduised that at the very first there be somewhat laid vnto it: and although the cure of this disease haue the same intention with all other forementioned infirmities of the eyes yet neuerthelesse it is required for this disease, that if the party be in health, he must purge with these pils: Take Agaricus, Coloquint, Bdellium, Mastick of each one dragme, Aloe halfe an ounce, Turbith one ounce and one quarter, make pils thereof with the iuice of Betony, whereof you are to giue one drag. at once. Or take Pillulae aureae two scrup. Cochiae one scrup. make pilles thereof, and fast sixe houres vpon it. But if one haue once purged, then is the head veine to be opened betweene the thomb and the forefinger, and in like maner in the forehead, and to set box∣ing cups behind in the necke. Allume boiled in white wine, and washed therewith, is also very good. Afterwards this plaister following shall be laid thereon: Take Fenegréeke meale six oun∣ces, Cammomil, Roses, one ounce of each, red wine as much as is needful for to make a plaister, whereof take as much as you will vse at one time: temper amongst it the whites of two well brayed egs, and say it vpon it. Afterwards you are eight dayes one after another to vse this si∣rupe following: Take sirupe of Roses one ounce, sirupe of Vineger Compositum halfe an ounce, Fennell and Licorice water, of each an ounce: after this must you by and by take the foresaid pils againe; and further then euery fift day once, two houres after supper, the inuerted eyelids are in the day time often to be annointed with the iuice of smallage, and that enduring the space of eight dayes. The next eight dayes afterwards, they are to be made moist softly with the wa∣ter wherein Sal Armoniac is dissolued, and then being annointed with the foresaid iuices, lay this plaister following vpon it: Take the plaister De Muscilaginibus as hereafter it is described, one ounce, of Allume, Vitriol, both burnt, of each one dragme, melt this plaister with old wine, tem∣per the powders amongst it into a tough plaister.

After the vse of this plaister and the foresaid water, then vse this powder following: Take Antimony halfe an ounce, prepared Tutia, Orpiment, Bloodstone, Litharge of gold, of each one quarter of an ounce, make a very fine powder of it: this eateth away all the superfluous flesh, healeth the sore eyes, drieth and taketh away the itch. But if it be too strong, then leaue out the Orpiment, and take onely Verdigreace two drag. Tutia thrée drag. Antimony halfe an ounce; but haue care of the apple of the eye. And if this disease waxe old, then it is néedfull that this

scabbednesse be rubbed vntil it bléed, which may most commodiously be effected with fig leaues. The other must be opened with a lancet, with a hot iron, and the paine asswaged with the braied white of an eg. But these are cures of cunning and expert Chirurgians, to whom only the same is to be referred. But this drying powder is not here to be concealed, which is also discouered in other places: Take egshels of very new laid egs, lay them the space of nine dayes in vineger, drie them and make thereof a subtill powder, and strew it vpon the disease.

These sick persons shal beware of all meates that fume into the head as of al spices, mustard, strong wine, and eschue especially drunkennes: but let them eate rere egs, Spinage, fennel, Bo∣rage, Parsly, yong flesh, and drinke watered wine.

The other maner of inuersion of the eylids hapneth when the vppermost eylid shrinketh vp, or is drawne vp, so that it cannot couer the apple of the eye: we call it the Hares sléepe; it doth sometimes couer but one part. Thirdly when the vppermost of the eyelids cannot reach to the lowermost. But if it come by nature, then is it not possible to be holpen.

There commeth also otherwhiles a paine in the eyebrowes, which wringeth sore (as if one were constrained to keepe them alway shut) for which Mithridate is very good being spred vpon the eyes and on the forehead, and likewise some thereof holden in the mouth.

Of the Consolidation or growing together of the Eyelids. §. 6.

IT happeneth otherwhiles, that after the taking off of the skin, or cutting off of the flesh in the corner of the eies (if it be not wel looked vnto) that the eyelids do grow vnto the apple of the eye, or one fast to another, wherewith the whole eie is couered.

For to preuent this, must the eyelids which are not yet growne, be raised vp softly, and the place be annointed with a soft fether with the decoction of fennel and Carraway, then put in some of the white of an egge; do this euery day two or thrée times: now if there remaine any flesh, the fourth day are sharpe Collyria to be vsed, which hereafter are described in the eyelids.

Of the neathermost Eyelid which pricketh the Apple of the Eye. §. 7.

FUrther, it commeth also to passe, that the Eyelids do alter their naturall course in growing, not growing right but inwards: and because (as hath bene said) next to the Apple of the eye, they are very subtile, not sensible at all, they make the more paine with their pricking: for to amend this, these meanes following are to be vsed.

If there be but one or two haires, then take Masticke, Gummi Arabicum, make them some∣what moist, turne the eyelids about and annoint them therewith: if it will not be well there∣with, then are the haires to be pluckt quite out, and you must burne the holes with a glowing needle that it may not grow out againe. Or you may vse this salue following: Take the iuice of the roots of Southernwood, Muscilage of Fleawort, a little vineger and Camfere, annoint the same in the same hole. Item take Opium one grain, Mastick half a scrup. make it soft with a drop of vineger, and annoint the hole therewith. Or take the blood and gal of a Hedgehog, iron drosse, of each like much, make a flat cake like to a Lentill, or fish scale, and lay it on the place where the haire is drawne forth; that swageth the paine within the space of an houre, and will not suffer the haire to grow there any more. Or take the rust of iron, temper it with fasting spettle. In like sort may also be powned Ants egs, and vsed. But amongst all is the plucking out and bur∣ning most surest.

If the haires be many that grow inward, then must one cut off the outer edges of the eyelids; so that the roots of the haires be taken away, the which must be done by expert Chirurgions, o∣therwise must the eyelids not be cut ouerthwart at any hand, for that they could not grow to∣gether any more.

* 1.27A plaister de Muscilaginibus, promised to be described in the fift §. Take Fenegréek, Linséed, Hollihock roots, of each thrée ounces: boile them, and draw out the slime or the Muscilage, be∣sprinkle it besides with a little vineger, afterwards temper 3. ounces of small beaten Litharge

of gold sodden softly with sixe ounces of oile of Sesamum, and put thereto the foresaid slime, and then seeth it to a plaister or salue.

For falling off of the Haire in the vndermost eye-lids. §. 8.

THe falling off of the haire is of many sortes; whereof heretofore in the imperfecti∣ons of the haire are many things described in the third Chapter, 6. §. and furtherin the description of the beard shal be declared. The cause of the falling off of the haire out of the lower eye-lids, is a sharpe salt matter, which consumeth the humors that should féede the haire, and dryeth away the rootes thereof, that they must fal away, which is oftentimes séene by them that recouer of a sore sicknes. It may also happen in the sore∣nesse and scabs of this place, as hertofore is sufficiently declared. Also experience doth teach vs, that the hairs do fall from the eye-lids of those that leade an vnchast life. Also that the crab lice do grow thereof is sufficiently declared before in the former Chapter, 8. §. But if the cause of all this be a sharpe, salt, smarting matter, let the bodie be purged, like as heretofore is specified for the itch of the eyelids, and so for the like in others.

But for a beginning, one must kéepe a good order in eating and drinking; afterwards make this plaister: Take Hares dung, Bucks dung, of each one quarter of an ounce, burnt Hasill nuts thrée drag-goates fat as much as is néedful for a salue, therewith annoint the eyelids. Or take Antimonie, burnt Pepper, of each one drag. and washed Lead halfe an ounce, Indie Spica, Squinant, of each one drag▪ and a halfe, burnt Date stones fiue drag. Goates and Beares fat, as much as is néedfull for a salue.

Item take Swallowes dung, Mice dung, of each halfe a drag. burnt Date stones, Lasure stones, of each one drag. Indie Spica one scrup. make a salue thereof with clarified honie, and vse it as the aforesaid.

If the falling off of the haire be caused of rednesse, smarting, or scurfe, then take a Pomegra∣nate, cut it in eight péeces, and séeth it in vineger vntill it be soft, and vnto growt or pap: after∣wards straine the iuice thorow a cloth, and vse it so long vntill it be thorow whole.

The seuenth Chapter. Of the Eyes.

THey are thus described: The eye is an instrument of the sight, whose na∣ture and complexion is moist, round, yet a little flattish, with seuen pan∣nicles and thrée humors complete and conioyned, the definition wherof wold here be too long to rehearse. These two members are accounted in comparison of all the rest to be very small, yet notwithstanding so preci∣ous, that our Lord God hath planted maruellous things, and shewed his power and omnipotencie most excellently in them: wherof it is not here néedfull to write any more, yet it is not amisse to rehearse those thinges which in the beginning of the first Chapter haue bene said of the face: to wit, that for the most part al humane affections, inward desires, and cogitations of the hart, do most forcibly appeare in the eyes. For what is there, that the inward thoughts, will and desires of the heart and the mind could counterfeit more naturally, than these members? For they shew thorow their rol∣ling about, looking downwards, sudden motions, winking, and other such like, mirth, sorrow, anger, hatred, and other affections of the hart. They do giue also sure knowledge of the secret lusts: for there cannot be so many inclinations in the brest of man, but there may be a signe thereof discerned in the eyes: so that one may iustly say, the eyes are most true messengers of the heart and of the mind. Of them haue the Physiognomici knowne the manifold nature of men, and adiudged that the eyes which stand so déepe in the head do sée much sharper, than they that stand wide out. Those eyes that stand farre out (they say) do decipher a foole and light brained person: they say also, that the eyes which do so twinkle and close the eyelids so often, do alwaies signifie fearefull persons: contrariwise, they that hold the eyes strong open, are stout and inuin∣cible,

and such like moe, with which naturall causes the daily experience agréeth. In fine, there is nothing more costly, nor more néedfull in a liuing bodie, then the sight: It is also amongst the motions of the bodie an onely thing, that maketh a difference betwéene life and death. And this is sufficient in generall to be said of the eyes: we will now come to their diseases and their cures.

Of the paine in the eyes in generall. §. 1.

BEfore that we do come to the effect of the matter, these things are to be obser∣ued in all paines of the eyes: to wit, the nature of the patient, his age, the time of the yeare, the sicknes he hath had before, and all other circumstances: so that all things, according as occasion serueth, may be either augmented, diminished, or altered. In generall, it is alwaies good in all paines of the eyes, that the pa∣tient do kéepe him in a darke place, frée from aire and wind, lie high in the bed, so that the rheume may not tarie in the eyes, but may fall downe to the chéekes: sléepe is very méete: for it consumeth and digesteth the matter. All vexation is also to be eschewed, and all that may bréed or bring any trouble to the head, as sorrow, anger, ill fauor, & such like. Also to refraine much venerie, to féed on light meates, to auoid strong sents, as Mustard, Onions, Gar∣licke, Beanes, nuts, wine, vineger, and all sowre meates. He must kéepe himselfe very quiet, as long as the griefe of the eyes endureth. This is now a generall and briefe declaration, because that we shortly hereafter (in the description of the Gnats that séeme to swarme before the eyes) shall giue a longer and ampler instruction of the eyes. What concerneth the letting of bloud, purging, and other sorts of remedies, that shall particularly be taught in their proper places.

First some remedies are here described which may be vsed for all paines of the eyes: and for that this is a generall rule, that as oftentimes, and so long as the paine of the eyes endureth, you shall lay thereon the white of an egge, brayed together with oyle of Roses; for it stayeth the course of the humors, and swageth all paines.

Item take the iuice of Celendine and honie, of each a like much, beate them together by a soft fire; afterwards scum them, and annoint the eyes therewith. The iuice of Fennell and the iuice of Betonie is also very good for this purpose.

Item take broade Plantaine, Eiebright, Fennell, séeth them together in a pot, and receiue the vapor into the eies.

Take a young Pigeon, open the veins vnder the wings, and let the bloud drop in your eyes; but vse not this in the beginning, (for it is too hot) but at the last when the course of the humors beginneth to abate. Or you may vse this following:

Take the bloud of a Turtle doue, temper it with Rosewater, and put it into the eyes. This is many times approued for the paine of the eyes. Others do only annoint their eyelids with it.

A very good Collyrium, which diminisheth and discusseth the paine. Take prepared Tutia, Camfire bruised very small, of each one scruple, Rosewater one ounce, white Wine halfe an ounce, temper them well: when you will vse it stir it well about, and put a drop or twaine in the eye.

* 1.28Rasis his white powder which maruellously asswageth the paine. Take prepared Sarcocolla fiue drag. Sief memthe (which is hereafter described) one ounce: temper it wel with Fennel wa∣ter, or womans milke. But by reason that womans milke is oftentimes vsed, therefore we will admonish here, that womans milke must not be vsed except it be very fresh: for it sowreth very quickly, and loseth her force, whereby it might do more hurt then good.

* 1.29Sief memithe which is here and in other places mentioned, is thus prepared: Take the iuice of the strange herbe Glancium, called by the Arabians Memithe, Chamedrios, barkes of Franken∣sence, Myrrhe, Aloe, Sarcocolla, burnt Vitriol, Aristologi, of each a like much: make this together into a most fine powder, and vse it like as is taught.

Of the corners of the Eyes and their diseases. §. 2.

FIrst there groweth in the corners of the eyes sometimes as much of the flesh, that the sight thereby is hindered. Contrariwise there commeth also sometimes such drying away or

consumption, that they wholly waxe sore, and alwaies run, so that the rude and vnskilfull peo∣ple do déeme no other, then that it is a Fistula. The cause of this growing is ouermuch bloud and moisture, as it also commeth to passe in the diminishing of the eyelids, the same being not rightly handled, the affluent humors make flesh to grow againe. The diminishing and abating is caused of drowth. The signes of both these are apparant to the sight: they are both almost in∣curable, but that there must be sharpe medicines vsed vnto them which the eyes cannot suffer, wherefore it is strictly to be commaunded to the vulgar Occulists, that they haue speciall care of their incisions and cauterisings in such perilous places.

For ease may one vse one of these remedies following, which are very méete for it, if the cor∣ners of the eyes do run much and impostumate.

For this, is the bodie first to be cleansed, afterwards to be bathed euery day, and to sweate, but not too much: for y^t thereby should the moisture be drawne out of the bodie, & be consumed.

Afterward shall this powder be vsed oftentimes, made after the subtilest manner.

Take prepared Tutia, one ounce and a quarter, red Corall, yellow Mirobalans, of each one quarter of an ounce, Pepper halfe a drag. strew that in the corners: Or take prepared Tutia one drag. Antimonie halfe a drag. prepared Pearles, Nihil, red Corall, of each one quarter of an ounce, burnt silke houses halfe a drag. make an impalpable powder therof, it drieth very strong∣ly, and is also safe. Or take Aloe, Acatia, Litium, fine Bolus, Gummi Arabicum, of each one drag. This being powdered together, is to be mixed with the white of an egg••, or dissolued Draga∣gant: afterwards annoint therewith the forehead and eyelids. Item t••••e the iuice of Housleek, or Nightshade, and veriuice, of each one ounce: mixe beaten Acornes amongst it, Myrrhe, sine Bolus, of each one dragme, lay it on the eyes, as is said before.

Item take Cipers nuts, Mommie, Dragon bloud, Masticke, Dragagant, of each one quar∣ter of an ounce, beate them small, and make with the white of an egge, or dissolued Dragagant, a salue of it.

Item wash the eyes oftentimes with raine water, wherein Galnuts, Mirtle séedes, fine Bo∣lus, and Cipers nuts haue bene decocted. These things are all good to driue backe the moisture. Or take burnt Mirobalans, Chebuli stones beaten small, make with water of Mints a Colly∣rium of them. Item take one drag. of Tutia stéeped in Mirtle water and▪washed, white Corall, burnt stones of Chebuli, Butchers broome séedes. Gal nuts, Aloe, Mastick, Frankinsence, Opiū, of each one scrup. all beaten together after the smallest manner, make a powder, or temper it in water wherein Gummi Arabicum or Dragagant is dissolued.

Now because that in this Collyrium, as also in other mo medicines for the eyes, Opium is vsed:* 1.30 therefore must I here admonish, that the same is not to be taken but in time of great extremi∣tie: for it might easily happen, that whereas one meant to ease the paine, that the disease for euermore were made altogether incurable, yea that blindnesse might follow after it. Therfore are men to take good héed vnto this.

A plaister. Take Laudanum, Ammoniacum, of each one ounce, Mastick fiue dragm. parched Millet two ounces, beate it all smal, make with Cammomill oile a plaister foure fingers broad, and one quarter of a yard long, the which lay vpon the seame of the scull.

Hereafter do follow many more remedies, which are also very good for it: but this present is prepared rather for the running corners of the eyes, for to drie them, and to stay the rheume.

Of the disease in the eyes called Ophthalmia. §. 3.

SOme haue supposed that this Gréeke word did generally signifie the paine in the eyes: but other haue defined it thus, Ophthalmia is an infirmitie that cometh in the eyelids and in the eyes, spreading it selfe so wide abroad, that it couereth the whole apple of y^e eye. Or Ophthalmia is a hot disease, w^t only assayleth the eyes (after a natu∣rall manner) through bloud or Choler; or outwardly of corrupted matter, of cold Rheumes, or is caused of bloud or vapours, and thereby whatsoeuer moisture is in the eye it is ouerhea∣ted: yet do all learned conclude with Galen, that it is Flegme of the eyes. Of this do also come other moistures, which the Latinists do cal Lippitudinem, that is, the blearnes of the eyes, which is caused of three speciall causes, like as is said at the first, to wit, of outward, and inward: Of outward, as the Sunne, smoke, dust, and such like: so match also the vnnatural alteration of the

times, vse of vaporous meates, as Onions, Garlick, Mustard, strong compounded Wines, cause the same. The inward causes are the affluxe of certaine humours, be they mixt or not: but this infirmitie of the eyes may be caused of the bloud, Cholera, Phlegma, or Melancholia, of which signes we will here somewhat discourse.

* 1.31If it proceed of bloud, then are the eies and their veins puffed vp, red, the temples of the head do beate, the vppermost eyelids do swell, the eyes are moist, yet with little paine; but with such moisture that in sleepe the eyes do bake to: for this doth also the time of the yeare auayle, as doth the clearenesse, youth, warme and moist countrie, and meates that engender much bloud. If it do come of Cholera,* 1.32 then is there pricking, burning, with great paine and swelling, not so red as aforesaid, but moist and burning, that therby also the apple of the eye is otherwhiles pe∣rished. If it proceed of Phlegma,* 1.33 then is there a compression and ponderositie in the eyes, with great paine, without heate or rednesse, but some whitenesse, & by reason of the great moisture, much sorenesse and swelling.

* 1.34If it be caused of Melancholia, then is there also great ponderositie, with sallow color, with∣out rednesse or compression: the eyes do not bake together in the sléepe, for that the Catarre or the Rheume is too drie. The Phisitions do herein make more differences and signes, which are to be commended to the Philosophers. But this may suffice for our purpose and intention.

Neuerthelesse, this is also to be noted, that these defluxions, sorenesse, or impostumations of the eyes (that befall for the most part in the corners of the eyes with a sharp salt Rheume, which hath bene spoken of in the §. 2.) are the beginning and true signes of this Ophthalmia. The cor∣ners of the eyes are foure, two besides the nose, which are the greatest, the other smaller. When∣soeuer then the Ophthalmia doth appeare in this place, occasioned of bloud; then must it be pre∣uented with letting of bloud, be it in the head veine, or other, in one, or both the armes, and let out much or little according to the abilitie of the patient. And if the matter were subtill and ran sore, one may also let him bloud in the temple of the head. In like manner, horsleaches applyed to the forehead, and boxing cups on the necke. But if all this will not helpe, there is to be made and applyed on the top of the head vpon the Sutura Coronalis a Cauterium, whether it be poten∣tiall or actuall. Afterwards the patient is to be purged, and to vse no other outward meanes but to betake him to a good order of diet. Now to procéede to the especiall infirmities of the eyes or Ophalthmia, this shall be the first.

Of the rednesse of the eyes. §. 4.

THis is caused outwardly of stripes, thrusts, concourse of blood, superabundance of bloud in the veines, which (as is said) spreadeth it abroad in the eyes. For this, it is aduised to open the head veine on the contrarie side, or at least to set boxing cups vpon the shoulders: afterwards to purge. Further, to apply out∣ward things which driue y^e matter back againe. For this is first, the white of an egge brayed with womans milke, most highly commended and safe, a drop or twaine dropped into the eye. Or séeth Linséed and make a spunge wet in that decoction, and lay it warme on the eyes: but if this will not helpe much, then do in like manner with the decoction of Fenegréeke or of Cammomill.

Item take the iuice of Nightshade, temper it with the brayed white of an egge, and with oile of Roses, make a cloth wet in it, and lay it on the eye. Item, if the eyes be bloudshot, take the iuice of wormewood, bray it well with the white of an egge, and drop into the eyes.

Take Coriander, seeth it in water, wring it out with this decoction, make muscilage of Fleawort, temper it with fine Bolus, and lay it on the eyes with wet clothes.

Or make Cotton wet in the brayed whites of egs with oile of Roses, and lay it to his fore∣head, eyes, and temples. Also you may temper amongst it fine Bolus, or Frankinsence, which you will.

But if the matter be subtill, then must one labour to discusse the bloud: for which end, you are to take young Pigeons or Turtle doues bloud, like as is taught before in the §. 1. for that hath beene found many times to be good.

Item take Frankinsence, Sal gemmae, of each one drag. beate it small, and make it with wo∣mans milke into a Collyrium.

Take broad Plantaine water about one pint, small brused Verdigrease one ounce, fine Bo∣lus, Dragon bloud, of each half an ounce, Camfire one quarter of an ounce: distill this in a glas∣sen helme in seething water: it is not onely good for red eyes, which are painfull,* 1.35 and for swolen eyelids that haue long continued: but also to all sore stinking mouthes, and especially for al vl∣cerations of the priuie members.

Item take Aloe thrée parts, Camfire one part, stéepe them in Rosewater, and vse it.

Radish water is also maruellous good for all rednesse of the eyes. Take the water of Ver∣ueine, of Eyebright, of Marioram, of each halfe an ounce, Fennell water one ounce, Camfire halfe a drag. the gall of a great Pickerell: temper and stir it all together, and vse it as the rest.

Item take prepared Tutia, prepared in pisse and Fennell water (like as is taught in the In∣troduction) halfe an ounce, of Mace thrée drag. of Camfire sixe graines, of Malmsey one small pint: beate all these as small as may be, mixe them together, and kéepe it.

You haue also other preparations mo of this Tutia, like as there are twaine expressed in the Introduction of this booke: but for the rednesse of the eyes is this especially recommended:* 1.36 take halfe an ounce of Tutia, make it glowing, and quench it 15. times in Rosewater: then bruise it small, and put vnto it one quarter of an ounce of Calamint stone, thrée cloues, halfe a pint of Malmsey: mixe all these together. These thrée Collyria are for all rednesse of the eyes and other things very highly commended of the ancient Phisitions.

Also to befume the eyes with white Amber, is much praised. Item take Hyssope, Marioram, Fenegréek, Cammomill, Melilot, Roses, & such like: séeth them, & let the vapor go into the eyes.

A plaister for the rednesse of the eyes. Take Radish leaues wel made cleane and washed, and Currans of each halfe an ounce, Pigeon dung one quarter of an ounce: beate them well toge∣ther, and lay it thereon.

The same may also be done with powned Willow leaues, and laid vpon it.

Salues. Take Tutia halfe an ounce, oile of Bay one quarter of an ounce, hony and vineger of each a spoonefull, Camfire one drag. make a salue thereof, and therwith annoint the eielids. This is also méet for inuerted eyelids.

Eiesalue called Nihil. Take prepared Tutia one quarter of an ounce, red Corall one dragme, Pearles one drag. Nihil albi one quarter of an ounce, Camfire halfe a scrup. Barrow grease 4. ounces: temper it well annoint of this salue the quantitie of a Coriander séede in the corner of the eye, in the euening when you go to bed: it healeth the rednesse of the eye, and taketh away all rheumes that fall into the eyes. After this forme is the salue of Roses much commended, which is described in the first Chapter and 2. §. whereof take one ounce, prepared Tutia, foure scrup. and annoint the eyelids therewith.

Confected Chebuli being eaten do withstand the rednesse of the eyes, and defend the sight. In like manner Nutmegs confected in hony.

Hote eyes. §. 5.

FOrasmuch then as that there can be no rednesse of the eyes without heate, ther∣fore must we discourse somewhat thereof, and vse these remedies following for it: Take the water of Eyebright, of Fennell, of Celendine, of each one ounce, prepared Tutia thrée scrup. prepared Sarcocolla and pearles, of each halfe a drag. temper it together. This Collyrium is much in vse at Augusta.

Another. Take Rue, Fennell, Verueine, of each like much, stampe it, and poure thereon Rosewater and white wine, so that the herbes be couered: let it stand a night, afterwards distill it in a glassed helme and in water. Item take prepared Sarcocolla halfe an ounce, white Dragagant, Frankinsence, Iron drosse, Pearles, of each thrée dragm. Indy Spica, Siluer and gold Litharge, of each one drag. and a halfe, Starch, Ceruise, of each one quarter of an ounce, Tutia, thrée drag. bruise this all together vnto a small powder, make a dough thereof with Rose water, afterwards make small trocisces thereof, and let them drie: powne them afterwards againe, and make them moist with the iuice of Pomegranates, and drie them a∣gaine. Thirdly, make them moist with the water of Nightshade like as before: put thereto one drag. of Camfire, white Sugar one drag. and a halfe. When ye will vse of it, stirre it with Rosewater, white of an egge, and womans milke: Take Aloe, Tutia, Hony, Sugar, Fene∣gréeke,

Fennell, of each a like much, seeth them in Wine, and receiue the vapor, or apply it vn∣to them; it is very good for the hote eyes. Item, take white Wine foure ounces, Aloe, Serapinum, Myrrhe, Sugar, Fennel, of each one drag. let it séeth moderatly: this is also good for a Collyrium.

Take the water of Fennell, of Eybright, of Celendine, of each halfe an ounce, Serapinum one drag. dissolue this gum, and temper it all together.

Item, take gréene Agrimonie, stampe and temper it with the white of an egge: make towe wet therein, and lay it vpon the eyes.

To set boxing cups on both shoulders, is also very commodious for this infirmitie, womans milke, letting of bloud, Roses and Fennell, with Tutia: sodden Fenegréeke and egges sodden warme and layd vpon the eyes is also much commended.

Hote Blisters and pricking in the Eyes.

THese are caused thorow moysture which setteth it selfe in the white of the apple of the eye, and there rankleth. The blisters are sometimes great, and sometimes small, white, red, darke, and also blacke with paine and pricking, according as the matter is. The déeper, the greater they be, and the more hurtfull and daungerous to be cured, because of the noblenesse and tendernesse of this member. But this in the beginning is alwaies good for it. Take Licium, Saffron, of each halfe a drag. Acatia or the iuice of Sloes one scrup. mixe this with Rosewater, and drop a little in the eyes: he must also be let bloud, and purged. But this foresaid water for the eyes must be dropped into them with the white of an egge, and whilest the disease is in Augmento, or the increase: then take Fenegréeke, Linséed, of each one quarter of an ounce, Melilot one quarter of an ounce; séeth it in faire water, and wash the eyes oftentimes therewith, let a drop thereof drop otherwhiles into the eyes: that ripeneth, draweth out the corruption, and swageth the paine. When as the blister is broken out, then heale it like other sores of the eyes. Item, take the fat of the fish Tymalus, and annoynt it on the apple of the eye: it is very strong, therefore it is better for horses then for men. But this following is more su∣rer: take the crumme of white bread, make it wet in water: but it is stronger in womans milk, and lay it on, where it is drie make it wet againe, or take a fresh.

This confection following is very good for all heate of the eyes, swelling, and pricking: take Eyebright, Fennell, Cinnamom, of each thrée drag. long Pepper, Mints, Mace, Marioram, Verueine, Calmus, Rosemarie, of each one drag. and a halfe, Sugar pennets thrée ounces, white Sugar fiue ounces: with the Sugar séeth these iuices following, of Roses, of Verueine, of each two drag. the iuice of Fennell that is well clarified fiue ounces, the iuice of Celendine, of Rue, of each one ounce and a halfe: let them séeth so thicke as a sirupe, afterwards temper amongst it the rest well beaten.

Item take young Endiue, stampe and temper it with the oile of Violets, or rather the oile of Roses: annoint therewith the hote corners of the eyes and the eyelids: the same taketh away the paine, and swageth the heate. If that will not helpe; take the meale of Lintels, Sumacke séede, Roses, Pomegranate kernels, powned together and tempered with vine cuicte, vse this as the rest.

Item if this helpe not, then must the head veine in the forehead be opened, or in the corners of the eyes, which you will; which doth void away the sharpe matter that setleth in the eyelids. In like manner purge alwaies with such medicines which expell the Cholera, and salt matter. It is also good to bath other whiles, and to sweate moderately, whereby the sharpe daefluxion is delayed: or in stead of sweating may you foment the eyes with a spunge made wet in luke∣warme water. Lastly, it is very good to wash the eyes with water of Fennell, of Celendine, of Verueine, and of Eyebright, mingled together one amongst another.

Itch and Scabs of the Eyes. §. 6.

THese biting drie scabs of the eyes do otherwhiles manifest themselues on the lids of the eyes, so that one cannot forbeare but to rub them, the which doth the eyes and face great hurt, making the same more hotter and redder.

This defluxion is a salt matter, which is sharpe and pricking. Against this, he must first re∣frame from rubbing of the eyes, eate and drinke soberly, purge choler, open the head veine, and also lay thereon outwardly at the first fresh water or Rosewater two or three daies: afterwards he must foment and wash the eyes with the decoction of Mallowes, Violet leaues, Celendine and Verueine, or with Rosewater also alone. If then of this or any other occasions there come any swelling to it, then looke to that which is ordained for red and hot eyes.

Watering or running Eyes. §. 7.

IT is manifest, that the mattering of the eyes doth procéede of many occasions, as of mirth, sorrow, weaknesse of the retentiue power, and superfluous moisture of the braines that falleth vpon the eyes; like as of thrusts, stripes, sharpe winds, smoke, cough, sharpe sauors of Onions, Saffron, &c. all the which do perish the eyes, so that the eyes do stand as if the eyelids were newly pluckt off, or that a Cataract had bin couched in them, or as if they had suffered any other disease, the which also happeneth if any body drink too much wine: wherefore that many may afterwards bewaile the miseries of drunkennes, what concerneth the outward causes, those may be learned of the patient himselfe. But if this running of the eyes be caused through any disease of the braines, and not through heate: then doth the patient alwaies feele some heauie puffing vp of the veines in the forehead, and in the temples of the head: and this defluxe is for the most part alwaies augmented by the neesing. This running or watering is very strong, falling as well into the eyes as into the nose, with a sharpnesse in the throate. But if this defluxion be through heate, then is the humor so hote, that through the heate it bites open the eyelids, which cause the haire to fall out of the eyelids, yea that the heate may be perceiued, through féeling with the hands. But if it come through cold, then are all things contrarie to all these that we haue now spoken of. Now the remedies of these running eyes be these.

They that be caused of outward causes, may be easily remedied, that is, by taking away of the cause of this defluxion: but as much as doth concerne the inward causes where heate is the cause, it is specially aduised, that the bodie be purged sometimes with Pils Cochiae, Aurea, with Succo Rosarum, or with Pils of the fiue kinds of Mirobalans. And it is not enough that this and the letting of bloud be once performed, but oftentimes: to wit, in the beginning, in the aug∣menting, and in the standing still of the disease, that thereby the sicknesse may be throughly holpen.

The order of Diet.

FOr this must all drying things be vsed, and all moist attenuating meates and drinkes es∣chewed, like as Lentils, Colewoorts, Lettice, Purslaine, salt fish and flesh, Milke, Chéese, Onions, Scallions, Garlicke, and all that fumeth into the head: some forbid to eate in the euening. When it is caused through heate, he must smell to Roses, Saunders, Camfere, and such cooling things: like as also the Pomanders are commodious for these causes, ordained in the discourse of the Plague.

When the patient is purged, and the pain of the eyes be yet in the beginning; then take (like as is is oftentimes aduised at the first) the brayed white of an egge, and drop a drop thereof in the eye. Take also milk of a young woman which hath a daughter sucking vpon her, put it fresh into the eye: or take two ounces of Rosemarie amongst it, then beate the white of an egge, and drop a drop or two thereof in the eye.

Some do take onely fresh water mixt with vineger, and vse it as is rehearsed, specially after bathing, and haue thereby found great amendement.

This is also much praysed: Take vnripe Grapes, burne the same to ashes, bruse them very small, and blow somewhat thereof into the eyes; it dryeth the running, and doth driue away the rednesse.

Or take the slime of Fleawoort, Quince kernels, or Dragagant one quarter of an ounce, the white of an egge well brayed, womans milk that hath a daughter sucking, half a drag. tempered well; if the paine be very great, then draw out the slimes or muscilage with water, wherein

before Poppie heads haue béene sodden. You may also vse Sieff de Rosis which followeth here∣after.

Take fresh Rose leaues halfe an ounce, Saffron, Spica of Indie, Gummi Arabicum of each one quarter of an ounce, beate all small, and make cakes thereof with raine water: and when you will vse them, then take one dragme thereof, and lay them to stéepe in the beaten white of an egge. This is speciall good in the beginning of the hote Ophthalmia: for it repelleth the matter backe, it consumeth and asswageth the paine. In like manner, is this also following much commended: Take washt Ceruse, prepared Sarcocolla, Dragagant, Licium, Acatia, pils of Pome∣granates and Frankincense, of each one dragme, Pearles, Opium, of each halfe a scruple, and the iuice of Pomegranates (which is very cleare) as much as is néedfull for to make cakes or troscisces thereof when you will: then vse thereof. Then lay a dragme thereof to stéepe in Rose water; this hath a constringent vertue: it drieth & cooleth all hot humours: but when the paine is at the most, then temper among the foresayd medicines two or thrée graines of Opium, or of Sieff album, called Sieff Rasis.

Take washt Ceruse one ounce, Gummi Arabicum halfe an ounce, Opium, Dragagant, of each halfe a dragme: this must you bruise verie small, and temper it with the well brayed white of an egge and womans milke. Take also the iuice of Fennell well scummed one ounce and a halfe, Aloe two dragmes and a halfe, a leafe of well beaten gold: temper them well, and after∣wards put vnto it the waight of seuen graines of Frankinsence: dissolue them in good white wine, and mixe them all togither with Fennell and Rose water: you must drop of this water twise a day in the eyes.

Item take good Aloe stéeped in the iuice of Fennell: put thereto the waight often graines of Frankinsence burning therein, kindled at a candle, vse it as afore.

Other waters moe. Take Rose water fower ounces, quench therein glowing gold, after∣wards put thereto Aloe, Frankinsence, Masticke, Litharge of siluer, of each one drag. let it séeth vntill a third part be consumed: afterwards, straine it through a cloth, and vse it as it is néedful.

Item take Dragon bloud, Aloe, Sarcocolla, of each halfe a dragme, Saffron, Camfere, of each halfe so much, prepared Tutia one quarter of an ounce, bruise it very small, and temper amongst it wine of Nutmegs fower ounces, and as much Rose water: also let it séeth in water in a glasse, vntill about thrée parts be consumed: it drieth and healeth without any danger.

Item take Aloe, Tutia, hony, Rue, Fenegréeke, Fennell; seeth it in wine: it is especiall good for all ouerhote eyes.

This water following is also verie appropriate for the same disease: Take prepared Tutia one ounce, prepared Bloudstone one dragme, Frankinsence, Mastick, Pepper, of each a scrup. Fennell water, Eyebright water, of each one ounce, Rose water and Violet water, of each two ounces, old fine wine thrée or fower ounces: put it into a glasse, and let it séeth in water euen to the halfe, afterwards straine it through a cloth.

A salue. Take the iuice of Rue, of Framboyes oyle, of Mirtle, of each one ounce, let it boyle vntil all the iuice be sodden away: then wring it through a cloth, and set it againe vpon the fire: mixe amongst it prepared Saphire halfe a dragme, Iacint one scruple, Antimonie one dragme, burnt Copper one scruple, prepared Tutia thrée dragmes, let it seeth softly with the foresayd fire: put thereto thrée dragms of Waxe be it more or lesse, accordingly as you desire to haue it hard: wherewith annoint the eyelids. This swageth the paine, stayeth all defluxions in the eyes, and taketh away the cause of them wonderfully.

In running and ouermoyst eyes, take Myrrhe halfe a dragme, Bloudstone one dragme, the vppermost sprigs of Framboyes, and of the Rose trée, of each one ounce; seeth them togither in a glasse in water vnto the halfe: afterwards straine it forth through a cloth, and drop at least fower times a day one drop in the eyes. Secondly, the forehead and temples of the head are of∣tentimes, or at least against the euening, to be annointed softly with the iuice of Roses.

But if this rheume be but in his increasing, or in Statu, which is at the highest; then may he very fréely put therein all the foresayd things, and chiefly womans milke (which is much com∣mended for this) also temper Dragagant amongst it, and drop in them. In like manner take prepared Tutia, Camfere, of each a scruple tēpered with halfe an ounce of white wine. It drieth and swageth all paine. This is also very good, Tutia tempered in Fennell water, in water of Celendine, of Rue, of Verueine, and in Rose water, and a gal of a Pickerell, or a Partridge put

thereto, and the same kept in a Copper vessell, vntill it be to be vsed: or take prepared Tutia one quarter of an ounce, white Amber one drag. Fennell and Rosewater, of each foure ounces, take also washt Ceruise one quarter of an ounce, prepared Sarcocolla, Dragagant, Opium, of each half a drag. Gummi Arabicum, Saffron, of each halfe a scrup. This being altogether beaten as smal as may be, temper it with raine water, and let it drie. And when as you will vse it, mixe it with womans milke.

Here is to be noted, that raine water for all paine of the eyes is very méete, for that it is subtile.

But whensoeuer this Ophthalmia cometh to abate, then may bathing be vsed: or that which is more sure, séeth Cammomill & Melilot in water, and make a spoonge wet therein, wringing it out a little, and so hold it warme vpon the eye, and when it is cold to make it warme againe. Or take fresh Wormwood, Lycium, Fenegréeke of each two ounces, Sarcocolla one ounce and a quarter, the iuice of Celendine halfe an ounce, Aloe one quarter of an ounce, Saffron, Sea∣froth, of each one drag. séeth that which is to be sodden, in raine water vnto a pap, and temper amongst it al that is beaten, and lay it warme ouer the eyes. It is also very good to wash hands, feete, and face oftentimes with the warme decoction of Wormwood, Melilot, and of Cammo∣mill. In like maner also is the yellow powder of Rasis in the declination of this defluxion much commended, which is thus to be made: Take Sarcocolla fiue drag. Aloe, Saffron, Lycium, of each one drag. Myrrhe halfe a drag. make a powder thereof.

Bleared eyes of a cold cause.

IF this defluxion or rheume come through cold, then at the first when it begin∣neth to fall, vse this confection: Take Indie Spica fiue drag. Agaricus one dra. and a halfe, Cinnamom one ounce, Masticke, as much as the waight of them all: also make a confection thereof with clarified honie, and vse thereof euery day.

This patient is to smell vnto all warming and drying things, as Muscus, Lauander, Marioram, Amber, Betonie, Styrax Calamita, and such like, as also vnto the poman∣ders that euery where in this booke are specified.

It is also very conuenient to chew and to eate a good deale of Fennell séede euery morning, Likewise also Rue and Verueine chewed, and the eyes annointed with the spettle.

If so be that the eyes be filled with cold moisture that floweth out of the braines: for that is this following very good to be vsed. Take prepared Bloudstone one quarter of an ounce, Roses, burnt Yuorie, red and white Corall, Amber, yellow Mirobalans, of each one drag. the iuice of the sprigs of Fromboyes foure ounces, temper them together, and so keepe it well stopped: of this iuice put daily into the eyes, and annoint also the eyelids therewith. This doth drie the rheume maruellous much, and doth strengthen the eyes from taking any such moisture.

Or take the iuice of Fennell, of Rue, of each one ounce, childrens vrine halfe an ounce, Aloe thrée drag. let it séeth somewhat, and then straine it thorow a cloth, and put a drop of the same in the eye: it cleanseth, drieth, and sharpeneth the sight.

Item take Frankinsence, Masticke, Cipers nuts, Myrrhe, Aloe, of each one quarter of an ounce, Tutia, Sarcocolla, of each one drag. and a halfe, Dragons bloud, Sumach, Barberies, Ro∣ses, of each one scrup. make them to powder, or to trocisces with the iuice of Fennell, and vse it with Rose water or Fennell water.

Item rost thrée apples, clense them of the pils and kernels, then temper them with the yolks of thrée new laid egges, and then lay it warme to the eyes.

Item take Acatia, Dragons bloud, of each one drag. fine Bolus one quarter of an ounce: this being beaten together, then make it to a plaister with the white of an egge, and lay it round a∣bout the eyes from whence the rheume doth come: you may lay it also vpon the forehead, and vpon the lids of the eye: but then you must leaue out the Bolus.

In winter time may one wash his eyes with the vrine of a man child and wine: in sommer with the vrine and with Rose water: that driueth away the rheume, and preserueth the sight wonderfully.

This water following doth drie much the cold catarres: Take Gummi, the Muscilage of

Fenegréeke séedes, of each one quarter of an ounce, of prepared Sarcocolla, Spicanardi, Myrrhe, Cinnamom, Aloes, Beuer cod, of each halfe a scrup. this powdered all together small and made vp with womans milke.

This following drieth also much the defluxion: Take an ounce of Tutia, bruise it very small in a mortar, put thereto 12. ounces of old sower wine, powre some vpon it, and bruise it well with the stamper: afterwards, powre wine vpon it againe: afterwards let it séeth together in a copper pan. When it is from the fire, then temper amongst it Aloes beaten small, one quar∣ter of an ounce, put two or thrée drops thereof in the eyes. Then lie vpon your backe the space of two howers. This discusseth the bloud also in the eyes, and taketh away all sharpnesse, and biting Rheumes.

In like manner if this defluxion do make much paine, then take vnwashed shéepes wooll, burne it to ashes in a close stopt pot, bruise it as small as may be, and mixe it with the white of an egge: lay it on your forehead and on the temples of the head: this swageth the catarre very quickly, and abateth the paine.

Another. Take the sower iuice of a Pomegranate (séeth the same to the half, & scum it well) fire ounces, Sieff Memithe, Aloe, Licium, Saffron, of each one quarter of an ounce, Hydromel half an ounce, put them all together in a glasse stopped close; set the same the space of foure dayes in the Sunne, and vse it morning and euening, it is good and approued: it helpeth much the obscu∣ritie of the eyes.

A plaister. It is also profitable for such cold catarres, to haue a plaister laid vpon the tem∣ples of the head. The same is to be made thus: Take Aloe, Myrrhe, Mirtle leaues, Acatia, of each one drag. Masticke, Frankinsence, of each halfe a drag. beaten small together, make it to a plaister with the white of an egge. and lay it as is said on the forehead and temples of the head.

Another. Some do coūsell for to take Assa foetida one ounce, Pepper one quarter of an ounce: melt and séeth the Gum in vineger vntill it be thicke, then stir Pepper amongst it, lay it ouer the eyes: but haue good regard, that there come none of it into the eye: it will stinke much, and is very daungerous for the eye. But there be other things that may be vsed for this purpose.

Of actuall cauterisation in the necke in all Rheumes of the head.

THis hath oftentimes also bene more remembred, and is often vsed by the ancient Phisi∣tions, euen as many Italian Phisitions do aduise, that in these cold rheumes or deflu∣xions, the necke is to be opened with an actuall or potentiall Cauterie, whereof diuers may be sought in the Register, and must be kept open about fortie dayes.

What is conuenient for purging.

THat is to be effected with the pils Cochiae, which be sharpened with the trocisces of Al∣handali, also with the confection of Hiera, and such like. In the declination of the rheume through cold, bathing is very meete, to wash himselfe with vrine, to drinke wine mode∣rately, to apply vnto it the foresaid sponge with the warme decoction of Cammomil & Melilot.

Sore eyes with or without matter. §. 8.

THese diseases doe come commonly through outward occasions, as of pricking, striking, or any other manner of bruising: in like manner, of inward causes, as hot, sharp, and salt rheumes, which do eate in and perish the pannicles of the eyes.

If then there be perceiued great paine with pricking, beating, and with moist rheumes in the eyes, and the eyebrowes be fallen, the eyes stand wide open, the white of the eye looking red, and that some whitenesse be séene vpon the blacke: then is there an impostume growing, and indéede such accidents do verily require an expert Chirurgion: for (as the common prouerbe is) there is no iesting with the eyes. Therfore to this end and intent shall hereafter be presented and deliuered many good medicines: and we will first begin with things

which are caused through inward sharp Rheumes: It is to be noted, that the Impostume that commeth in the white of the eye, is not so much to be feared, as they that come vpon the star or blacke: for that they are the most dangerous. Amongst which, one is called the Canker, which commeth of melancholicke humours: and the signes be, that this Impostume doth shew it selfe with heate and heauinesse of the minde: the face and the eyes are of a leaden colour: It maketh great pricking paine in the eyes, and in the temples of the head, on the side whereas the disease is. And if there be applied thereto any hote things, then doth the paine increase manifestly, the appetite to meate is lost, and all the face getteth another colour: Therefore when that is seene and perceiued, then must it be with all spéede preuented. And first to begin with a necessarie let∣ting of bloud, and purging: The patient must be forbidden wine, and flesh, and specially swéete wines. His meate must be cooling hearbes, as Spinage, Lettice, Purcelane, Gourds: Endiue water must be his best drinke: much letting of bloud (if the partie may suffer it) is good. And if so be that the impostume do appeare very great, then is the patient to be let bloud the more in the Median or in the Saphea, on the same side: afterwards in the liuer veine, alwayes regarding the time of the yeare, and the patients abilitie. But if the Impostume be not so great, you may be content with the opening of the liuer veine or Median onely: hereby will the Rheume be cut off, that it cannot fall any more into the eyes.

For this are méete also boxing cups set vpon the shoulders and higher, with picking: But if the matter be sharpe and bitting, one must purge with Mirobalans, Manna, laxatiue iuices of fruits, and such like. Afterwards the patient must be caused to néese, and to gargarise, whereof you haue before in the second Chapter and §. 2. good instruction, & shall haue hereafter in other more places. When as this is effected and done, you may vse of these medicines which you will. First there is Sief album, (not long since described in the 7. §.) tempered with womans milke. If it leaue beating, then it is a good token, and hope that the sorenesse or paine wil weare away without impostumation: but if it come to impostumate, then must it be clensed with Hy∣dromel, or honie of Roses, tempered with raine water, making a linnen cloth wet therein, and so layd on it. Secondly, with astringent things; as the Sief de Thure, which is forcible for all humours and defluxions of the eyes. Thirdly, with drying medicines; as with well prepared Tutia, and chiefly with the plaister de Muscilaginibus, which is described in the sixt Chapter, and in the end of the 7. §. Will you then haue some part of the Catarre repelled? Then put thereto the Muscilage of Fleawoorte, or of Quince kernels, the which must thrée or foure times a day be layd vpon the eyes, mixed alwayes with Sief de Thure: to wit, as long as the matter cleaueth to the apple of the eye, and no longer.

A good salue. Take Tutia prepared in Rosewater halfe an ounce, fresh Swines grease one ounce, Starch thrée quarters of an ounce: bruse it long in a morter one amongst another: after∣wards wash it thrée times in the water of Nightshade, and annoint the forehead, the temples of the head, & the eyelids with it, without and within. This salue is maruellous good for all im∣postumate and running eyes, as also for al paines of the eyes, bloudshots, scabs, and wounds of the eyes. Some do vse also the maiden milk, or Lac Virginis, (which is described in the fift Chap∣ter and the 1. §.) but it is somewhat sharpe in the eyes.

If there be any sharpe Catarre that falleth into the eyes; take warme white bread, stéepe it in womens (or any other) milke, and lay it vpon the eyes.

Item take a white loafe, cut slices thereof a finger thicke, lay them to stéepe in Well water, and lay them on the eyes.

Oyle of burnt linnen is also very good for the impostumate eyes, which is to be made as here∣after followeth.

Lay cleane and washed linnen clothes in a glassen helme, strew powned glasse vpon it, a∣gaine afterwards another lay of clothes, and glasse againe, vntill the helme be halfe full: after∣ward distill it in sand. Some do burne it in gilt boules, and giue it for the plague. Item set the clothes on fire with a candle, lay them vpon an euen péece of iron, tinne, or siluer, and put them presently out againe. Then shall you alwayes find a drop of oyle, the which take vp with a fea∣ther, and so gather it. This healeth maruellous well the impostumation of the eyes, taketh a∣way the paine, and is good for the fistula and wounds in the eyes.

Clarified hony annointed in the corners of the eyes doth heale all diseases.

This Collyrium following is aboue all measure much commended; a little of it being dropped

often in the eye, for it healeth and strengtheneth the sight mightily.

* 1.37Take Rue, Roses, Endiue, Betonie, Veruein, Venus haire, Agrimonie, Cleuers, Milfoile, Eybright, Chamedris, Pimpernell, Sage, of each two M. cut them small, stéepe them a day and a night in good Wine: afterwards wring them out, and spread them on a boord that the moi∣sture may runne off: ten houres afterwards beate them grosse, and distill them in water, and kéepe it stopt close.

Item, take the iuice of Celendine one ounce, the iuice of Fennell one ounce and a halfe, Oxe gall fiue drag. and one scrup. Wolfes gall thrée quarters of an ounce, prepared Tutia, halfe an ounce, temper them all together, this dryeth much the impostumate eyes.

Item, take Poppy leaues one M. Verueine, Eyebright, Fennell, Mallowes, Hollihockes, Cammomill, of each halfe a M. chop it and stampe it to pap, mixe it with oyle of Roses, make a cloth wet therein, and lay it ouer the eyes. It is a generall commaundement, that where one v∣seth water for the eyes, you must bind it hard with twice double linnen, whereby the medicins applyed fall not off through néesing, coughing, or any other stirring or motion of the head.

Impostumes of the eyes through outward occasions.

IF so be that the impostumes of the eyes be caused through any outward occasion, as through thrusts, strokes, and such like, then are the déepe thrusts or pricks dan∣gerous and most to be feared, lest blindnesse do insue. But these meanes following are to be vsed for the same: Take vnpared Quinces, the kernels being taken out, beate them small, and temper meale of Lentils amongst them, and a little honie, that there may be a plaister made of them: lay the patient vpon his backe, and apply some ther∣of vpon his eye. Or take a whole Pomegranate, betwéene sowre and swéet; séeth it in a little Vineger,* 1.38 stampe it, and vse it as before. Item, take the yolke of a rosted egge, lay it with towe vpon the eye. Item, vse also waters for the eyes that are drying and astringent, as hereafter followeth: take powned Bloudstone that is nine times washt in the vrine of a man child or boy, one quarter of an ounce, Gummi Arabicum, Dragagant, burnt Copper, of each one dragm. burnt and washt Pumis stone, Opium, of each a scrup. Fennell water as much as is néedfull for to forme small trocisces thereof: when you will vse them, then stéepe them in white wine. The eyes are also to be often washed with water wherein Roses are decocted, or well water tempe∣red with Vineger and foure Wine: for this is also fit, Oliue leaues, and if they cannot be had, then in the stead of them is the iuice of Shepheards purse vsed, wherein burnt lead brused smal is to be tempered, also the iuice of Quince leaues, and Medlar leaues, and then sallad oile must be put amongst it, and so lay it ouer the sore eye.

Where the eyes do bake together in the sleepe.

TAke the iuice of Housléeke, and annoint the eyes therewith: it doth soke them softly, and coole them.

Item, take iuice of Agrimonie alone, or tempered with womans milke: also Rosewa∣ter, and other waters for to soke therewith the dryed matter of them.

Of Aegylops, a certaine swelling betweene the nose and the corner of the eye. §. 9.

THere commeth otherwhiles a small impostume betwéene the nose and the corner of the eye, the which the Phisitions call Aegylops. If the same be not holpen betimes, then doth it infect the bone. The Chirurgeons do heale the same in this manner: they cut vp the vppermost skinne, and wring out the impostume which lyeth lockt in a little bladder, and cut it off as neare as may be, the rest do they take away with an actuall or potentiall Cauterie. The same swelling doth settle it selfe otherwhiles in the length of the eyelids, yet both are to be holpen with Oatmeale, Wine, and Tutia tempered together in manner of a Salue.

Of Blemishes or spots in the Eyes. §. 10.

THese are two speciall kindes; red, and white: The red are caused thorough bloud, when there appeareth in the eye a red drop, or a darke (like as a congea∣led bloud) which at times is also blacke: that is woont to be caused of blowes, falles, great labour, much wéeping, and such like. In like manner also of in∣ward causes, as hath bene said of Ophthalmia, and of red or ouerheated eyes.

For this is also much commended, the bloud of Turtle doues, wild Pige∣ons, or (if one cannot haue them) of common house Pigeons being let bloud vnder the wings, (like as is alreadie rehearsed) and chiefly in the beginning, if one temper some fine Bolus among it, and the eyes to be fomented with warme water wherin wild Time, Marioram, Fennel and Barley is decocted.

A water for the eyes. Take the séede of Ameos, Comin, Fennell rootes and the séedes sodden together, and a little Salgemmae tempered amongst it: you shall oftentimes let some thereof drop into the eyes.

If it be néedfull to vse any stronger thing for it, then take one quarter of an ounce of Orpi∣ment, put eight ounces of water vnto it, stir it well about, & then let it settle: powre the water cleare from it, that no substance of the Orpiment run with it, and drop thereof in the eye. But good héed must be taken in the vse of this sharpe venime, that there follow no bad accident after it: therefore it is more sure to vse this following:

Take prepared Bloodstone thrée drag. burnt Copper one quarter of an ounce, red Corall, Pearles, of each halfe a dragm. Gummi, Tragacant of each two dragmes and a halfe, Pepper the waight of thirtie graines, washed Ceruise one drag. Orpiment, Dragon bloud, Saffron, Amber, of each halfe a drag. make a dough thereof with the blood of Turtle doues, of Hennes, or common Pigeons bloud, and forme Trocisces thereof about the waight of one dragm. When you will vse these, bruise them in womans milke, and put a drop thereof in the eye.

It is also very good for the skinnes of the eyes, whereof we purpose to intreate hereafter.

A plaister. Take Doues dung, make it with wine and vineger into a plaister, and apply it lukewarme vpon the eyes.

Or take that which followeth which is most certaine. Take Raisins, put out the stones, powne them, and put vineger to it, vse it as before.

Item take fresh chéese méetly salted, Radishes rosted in ashes, Melilot, Cammomill, of each one ounce, rosted Lillie rootes, meale of Lentils, Dragon bloud, of each halfe an ounce, Saffron one quarter of an ounce: temper them all together with the brayed white of an egge, vnto a plaister.

In like manner it is also good to foment the eyes with the decoction of Coleworts, and the leaues thereof (sodden together in wine in manner of a plaister with Cammomill) laid vpon the eyes.

Now concerning the white spots which do come commonly after the Impostume of the eyes. Of these some are thin, and some are thicke. But they that stand vpon the white and be thin, do the sight no hurt: but those that are thicke, and lie vpon the apple of the eye, they re∣maine and are almost vnpossible to be healed, but to be somewhat eased, and rather in children then in aged folkes.

Now albeit that this is hardly effected without the manuall operation of an Occulist: yet neuerthelesse are these things very good for it, and especially if the same be white and thin.

First of all, he is to bath oftentimes in water, or at the leastwise to foment his face and eyes so long with warme water, vntill the face be thorowly red and sweating: and if that therby be caused a rednesse or paine of the eyes, it is to be omitted certaine dayes, and afterwards begin againe. Also you may vse water wherein Mallowes, Hollihocke rootes, Oaten straw, Barley, Otes, and chiefly Fenegréeke are decocted; for this is a certaine and approoued receipt. After this fomenting, strew this powder therein: take Sarcocolla, white Sugar, Spuma maris, of each a like much, and bruise it very small.

Item take Cuttle bone powdered small, and temper it with womans milke.

Take swallowes dung, honie as much as is needfull, and if you will make it soft, mixe it

with Fennell water. But the storie of Tobias doth shew that this medicine is especially pe∣rilous.

Make the eyes oftentimes moyst with fresh womans milke, but if you cannot get it, then vse the waters wherein Mallowes & Hollihock rootes be decocted: afterwards you may put there∣to the Sieff de Thure, the which you must prepare like as hereafter followeth.

Take Frankinsence fiue dragmes, Ammoniacum, Sarcocolla, of each two dragmes and a halfe, Saffron one dragme, beate them all vnto an impalpable powder, and with the musci∣lage of Fenegreeke make it into trocisces: vse it with womans milke, it doth mundifie the eyes apparantly.

In like manner, the Seiff de Plumbo doth ingender flesh where there be small sores and spots, and it is thus made: Take burnt Lead, Antimonie, prepared Tutia, burnt Copper; Gummi Dragagant, of each halfe an ounce, Opium fiteene graines: make it very subtile, and forme Tro∣cisces thereof with rayne water: It is verie good for all diseases of the eyes, it cleanseth and driueth the matter out of the eyes, when it is mixt with Rose water, it taketh away all man∣ner of vncleannesse out of the eyes, and stayeth the defluxion also, but preserueth especially the sight of the eye.

Item, take Litharge of siluer brused verie small, Comin, Bayberies, Gallingall, Ginger, Aristologie, Cloues, Nutmegs, of each one dragme beaten small, put a pint of Malmesey vnto it, or any other strong Wine: stirre it well about thrée or foure dayes, afterwards straine it through a cloth into an other glasse, and preserue it well stopped, for it is good for all spots of the eyes, and also for al fractures of the bones, & it draweth the wounds togither without stitching. First take water that droppeth from distilled honie two ounces, Sugarcandie one quarter of an ounce,* 1.39 drop it twice a day in the eyes. Sugarcandie is good for all diseases of the eyes, and for the sight. Rosemary water made vnder the earth is also verie good for these blemishes of the eyes, the which some do thus prepare: Fill a glasse with Rosemary flowers, stop it with waxe on the top, and burie it in the Dogdayes about halfe a foote déepe in the earth fortie dayes long, and then yeeldeth it a water.

When the pearles or Velmes be new.

WHen the pearles or spots be new, there are foure kinds of waters to be vsed for thē. First of all (as is somtimes admonished) let womans milke be drop∣ped into it, & afterwards fine brused Cuttle bone blowne into the eyes. Se∣condly, take the iuice of Corneroses and of Centorie, of each one ounce, ho∣nie two ounces. Thirdly, take Swallowes dung brused small and drie, halfe an ounce, honie as much as it néedefull. For to make a dough, let it dry: take thereof one dragme and a half, Eybright water two ounces, tem∣per them togither: this is wonderfull, but (as is already sayd) perilous. Fourthly, take Cuttle bone two dragmes, Sugar one dragme, make a subtile powder thereof, and let some of it be blowne into the eyes: But if the fleckes be out, then are they to be fomen∣ted with womans milke, or with the decoction of Hollihock rootes, Mallowes, Barley or Oate straw: afterwards this following is good. Take fresh egge shels, burne them a little, the dung of a gréene Lizard, Spuma maris, Sarcocolla, that hath lyen certaine dayes in the iuice of Celen∣dine, washt Ceruise, of each one dragme, prepared Tutia, Sagapenum, Galbanum, of each halfe a dragme, Cuttlebone, Ginger, of each one scruple, Kites gall two scruples, powne all that is to be powned, and temper it with the water of Celendine.

For this serueth also the foresayd Rosemary water, which is made vnder the earth. Fourth∣ly take Verdigreace one dragme, Frankinsence two dragmes, Vitrioll halfe a dragme, Spuma maris, Celendine, Rue, Roses, Rosemary, of each one ounce and a half: séeth well the last foure, vntill there remaine about foure ounces: mixe the other powders with this decoction, and let it drie. Afterwards beate it againe, and temper it as before, do this foure times togither. Lastly, make a subtile powder of it, and vse it vpon the pearles. It doth strengthen the sight, and taketh away the white pearles without paine: but if it be thicke or old, so that none of these will helpe it, then is the last meane to take it away with the needle, which belongeth onely to the manuall operators or Occulists.

Of the Fistula in the corner of the eye. §. 11.

THere be many Chirurgeons that describe these Fistulaes amongst other vlcers of the eyes: in which place, namely, in the fift part of this booke we shall describe their natures, and what vlcerations they be: but we will here onely write of this Fi∣stula, which is woont to appeare in the corner of the eye. The causes of this are badde humors, and for the most part cold, which do a long time in this place settle themselues, pu∣trifie, and lstly impostumate. The signes thereof are humours of the place: and if any wring it, then it doth paine one: it is somewhat reddie, giueth afterwards gréene matter; and it happe∣neth, that it oftentimes hurteth the eyelids and the nose. But before that the Fistula be tou∣ched with any application or cauterie, the patient must be prescribed an order of diet, and must purge well. For diet: first, he must beware of all fatte and strong sauouring meates, of milke, moist fruites, Onions, Garlicke Mustard, and all that is much salted. In like sort, all that may replenish the head with hote vapours, as Spices, sléepe immediatly after meales, and doing violent exercise.

For to purge, one drag. of the pils of Hiera Composita is to be taken: Make fiue or sixe pilles thereof with the sirupe of Calamintha: If you will first vse preparatiues, then take of the foresaid sirupe one ounce, Oxymel Compositum halfe an ounce, decoction of Mace three ounces. Are you afraid of the heate of the liuer? Take some cooling things therewith, as Cicorie water, or any such like. One may vse foure of these potions in the space of eight dayes; in the morning, and at the same time that the bodie is stopped. He is to take euery other day, or euery day, one pil of Aloephangine before meate, or washed Aloe. After the taking of these foure potions, these pils following are to be vsed, Pil. de Sarcocolla two scrup. Cochiarum one scrup. make with the sirupe of Roses seuen pils of them: afterwards you are to vse euery morning this Collyrium following: and after that, apply this plaister on the corner of the eye. Take prepared Antimonie, Fran∣kinsence, of each one scrup. prepared Sarcocolla, one drag. Licium, Dragon bloud, burnt Iuorie, parched Dragagant, prepared Iron drosse, of each thrée drag. Rue, Nightshade, and Celendine waters, of each one ounce; let this drie, vntill one may forme dowe thereof: when you will vse thereof, then dissolue it in the foresaid waters, and put two or thrée drops thereof in the eyes.

For a plaister: Take Mommy, fine Bolus, the iuice of Sloes, Frankinsence, Hippocystis, Ma∣sticke, of each thrée drag. Acorne cups, Cipers nuts, Gals that are woorme eaten, Isenglas, Dragagant, Gum, of each one ounce. The Isenglas must be dissolued in red vineger, and tem∣per the other ingredients amongst it, and make thereof a plaister.

If it be then perceiued that the corner of the eye watereth, and if one wring or presse vpon it, there come matter out of it: then it is a Fistula, and the actuall cauterie is the best meane to heale it: for otherwise it is very vncertaine as Rasis writeth: he found this medicine first, that the Fistula doth thereby cease certaine moneths, that one would thinke the same to be thorow whole, and is thus prepared.

Take Aloe, Frankinsence, Sarcocolla, Dragon blood, blossomes of Pomegranates, Antimo∣nie, Allume, of each a like much, Verdigrease the fourth part of one of them, make a powder thereof: when it is then néedfull, wring the Fistula so long, vntill it yeeld matter. Lay the pa∣tient on the contrarie side where the Fistula is not, and temper this powder with a little wo∣mans milke, and drop a drop in it. Now, and a certaine season afterwards one more, and so foure times one after another: let him lye the space of three howers. Do this the space of a weeke, and looke well to it that the Fistula be wrung out, and yéeld no more corruption or mat∣ter.

Now although (as it is said) the accident is vncertaine to be healed, yet is there amongst all the rest, Rue most highly commended for it. When that the Fistula is made wet with the iuice of Rue, and wine of Pomegranates, and couered with a double cloth, also if the cause require to open the Fistula so wide vntill one may sée the bottome of the same, which may be effected with the drie roote of Gentian, Elderne pith, or with an Iron. Secondly, the spoongions flesh which lyeth at the bottome, and is the right roote of the Fistula, must be killed. The which must be effected with an actuall or potentiall cauterie. The corosiue is made thus: Take Orpi∣ment, Vitrioll, Cantarides the heads and wings taken off, quicke Lime, Salarmoniack, Allum,

of each one scruple: beate them to powder, and make a dough thereof with the vrine of a man child; let the same dry, and lay somwhat thereof euery morning in the fistula: th•• will cleanse it. Also you may vse this following, which is also very good.

Take Ginger three dragmes, Verdigrease one dragme, beate them small togither, and séeth them in halfe an ounce of vineger vntil it be thicke: annoint the taint with it, or that which you shall lay in the fistula.

Item take fresh Rue, Agrimonie, Celendine, of each a dragme, beate them and séeth them in sixe ounces of Aqua vitae, or water of Rue, vnto the halfe; put some thereof euery day in the fi∣stula, two or thrée times. Thirdly, it must be cleansed, which is to be effected with Hydromel, and Rue water, and honie of Roses, or with sowre wine wherein Roses are sodden. Fourthly, for to cause the flesh to grow or incarnate; you shall take Aloe, Frankincense, Sarcocolla, steeped in Fennell water, oyle of Roses, of each one quarter of an ounce, Waxe as much as is néedfull for a salue: one may put thereto one quarter of an ounce of Ineos. In like manner Agrimonie is highly commended, & Rue leaues, of each one dragme decocted vnto the halfe in a pinte of wine, the same being wrong out, and vsed euery day, like as is aforesayd.

If Gnats, Flies, or any such like thing seeme to swarme before the Eyes. §. 12.

THis disease procéedeth of flegmaticke and melancholie humours which fall out of the braines into the eyes, oppilating the sinewes of the sight more or lesse, accor∣ding as the defluxion is tough, hard, thin, much, or little.

The Phisitions do call this accident Catarractam, as a cadent water. It doth sometimes proceede of a fowle stomacke, or through some disease of the eyes: but if it be caused of the stomacke, then is the danger not so great: for assoone as the occasion is taken away, then auoideth that which is caused thereof. But the other is much to be feared, and very needefull to be looked vnto, whilest it is yet time: but when it waxeth old it is incurable by Phisicke: and can by no meanes be holpen, but through the néedle, and that is al∣so vncertaine.

That which is caused from the stomacke, maketh before both the eyes buzzing and flying, as if there were Gnats or somewhat else, that swarmed so before the eyes; and that much more, if the stomacke be full, then when it is emptie. Also whensoeuer such fantasies do continue, endu∣ring before the eyes the space of a moneth or twaine without any alteration of the apple of the eye, or disclosing of any other signes; then may one assuredly iudge, that these diseases are cau∣sed of the stomacke: for this patient is a certaine order of diet to be ordained, and he must purge with Pillul••s Cochijs.

But if this swarming of the Gnates or flies be onely before one eye, and not to be wiped off; then may it well be déemed that this disease commeth by reason of some moisture w^t lieth clo∣sed in the eyes, especially if one sée no dark thing in the eye: but if one perceiue any darke thing therein, then without all doubt the sinew of the eye is stopt and obstructed. Now for to helpe this infirmitie, there is nothing more to be aduised then to begin with a good diet: first is héede to be taken, that the whole body, and especially the head be couered well, and kept warme: he must refraine all moist ayre and dwelling, and not looke much into the water (specially where it is much stirred with the wind) he must oftentimes fasting rub and combe his head. He must bath his feete before supper with this decoction following: Take Bay leaues, Sage, Betonie, Stechas, Penniroyall, and such like, except Smallage and Dill. Item let him be often times rub∣bed with warme clothes from the necke to the shoulders downwards: after meate he must re∣fraine from forcible exercise, and (if it be possible) he must abstaine thrée houres from writing, and beware of all hard meate; but vse all that warmeth.

And to recite somewhat therof in particular, well salted and raised bread is not amisse to be vsed, wherein Fennell séede or Fennell powder is baked. Concerning flesh, there is nothing more commodious, then sucking Veale, young Mutton, Roe déere, Kids, and Hares. Of foules, young Hens, Pullets, Capons, young Pigeons, (and chiefly wild ones, which haue a secret vertue to strengthen the braines) Partridges, Snipes, Fesants, and Quailes: the Blackbird is also permitted for this, Riuer fish are more wholesome then other: neuerthelesse other fish are

tolerated measurably vsed and broyled, dressed with Pepper, Ginger, Fennell, Annis séede, Parsley, Verueine, Eybright, and Rue. One may eate egges after what manner he list: onely so that they be not hard baked, sodden, or rosted. Further, Sugar, Hony, Veriuice, the iuice of Limons, and Citrons, herbs of a warme nature, as Sage, all manner of Mints, Penniroyall, Hyssope, & wild Thime, are all good. All kind of Rapes, all their séed confited doth strengthen the sight. Of all fruits are allowed fresh Figs, Almonds, rosted hasil Nuts, Pistacies, rosted Chest∣nuts, Corans, Raisons, Sallet oile, Oile of Walnuts, Oile of swéet Almonds. These Spices following may he also vse, as Pepper, Galingale, Cloues, Nutmegs, Mace, Ginger, Cyna∣mom, Graines, Lignum Aloes, Comin, fresh Fennell, Eyebright strewed vpon his meate, or take halfe an ounce of Eyebright, one quarter of an ounce of Mace; and alwaies take one scrup. thereof before meate, for this hath bene found to haue oftentimes holpen them that had their sight blemished: Rue séede is also very good, and for them that haue this passion in the eyes, are the herbs, rootes, and séedes of Pyonie good, howsoeuer they be prepared for the taking. Also Treacle and Mithridate, haue a speciall propertie to put away the clouds, and all that swarme before the eyes. Auenzoar doth write, that all they which be burthened with the forementioned Cataracts or dimnesse, that if they looke earnestly into the eye of an Asse, thereby the defluxion should be stayed: but if so be that this be true, it is a wonderfull worke of nature. This pow∣der following may also be vsed for an approued thing, for many haue bene holpen thereby.

Take Eyebright with the flowers beaten small, Mace, of each an ounce and a halfe, siluer mountaine thrée quarters of an ounce, Sugar foure ounces and a halfe: make a powder thereof.

It is also very good, that one hold his face oftentimes ouer the vapor of the decoction of Ce∣lendine, Fennell, and Eyebright: but such like moe shall follow hereafter.

What these patients must refraine.

EVery such patient must beware of those things that make great disturbance in the head, as anger, calling, crying aloud, raging, sorrow, stench, and from much wat∣ching, because they much weaken the naturall heate. But he must oftentimes let bloud, and vse boxing cups. But as concerning his meate: there are hurtfull for him all still standing waters, seafish, and all fish which are taken in moorish waters, to be eaten ra∣ther sodden then broyled if one should often eate of them, Crabs, Eeles, Tenches is he vtterly: to forbeare: also milke, and all that is drest with milke, and he must not vse much vineger but only outwardly. All herbes of cold and moist natures, as Endiue, Béetes, Spinage, Purslain, Lettice, Cucumbers, Gourds, and chiefly Colewoorts which darken the sight, are to be es∣chewed and left. Of all rootes are chiefly forbidden Garlicke, Onions, Radishes. In like man∣ner also all pottages (except red pease, which be called Cichelings) Rice, Wheate, and Bar∣ley: all fruites which be swéete and cold, as Apples, Cherries, Pingles (whether they be con∣fected or not) are to be refrained. And he must chiefly beware of all that which prouoketh née∣sing, and the cough. There is nothing better for his drinke, then cleare wine of a good tast, and that is meetly strong, but a little at once. But they that drinke no wine, or haue no wine, may vse from October vnto March this following: Take Verueine, Celendine, Rue, Eyebright, of each one quarter of an ounce, séeth them in twelue quarts of water, vntill the third part be consumed, put 14. pound of honie vnto it: seeth it againe vntill about the third part be sodden away, alway skumming it, then straine it thorow a cloth, and kéepe it stopt close in a pot. Now if the sicke person desire it, then may wine (that is méete for the eyes) the fift or sixt part be tem∣pered amongst it. By this drinke hath bene perceiued much amendment, and that in auncient folks who had a darke sight haue bene holpen therewith. Also Hydromel, which is hony water or mead, is much commended for this, without any addition. Euery one may diminish or in∣crease the quantitie of the hony euen as it pleaseth him best.

For as much as concerneth purging, which is excéeding néedfull, he must know to direct him according to the time of the yeare, otherwise in winter then in sommer, otherwise in the spring of the yeare then in haruest, or fall of the leafe, which were too long to rehearse at this present, & therfore we will recommend that to the Phisitions. But there are to be commonly vsed Pilulae Cochiae, de Sarcocolla, Sine quibus, De hiera Composita, Lucis, of the confections Hiera Picra, Bene∣dicta

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laxatiua, & Hiera longodion. The Clisters are to be decocted with the common hearbes, and tempered with one ounce of Hiera. Further it is then commanded to take in winter a péece of confected Ginger: in like manner also after dinner and supper to vse one of the tabulats follow∣ing: Take Spec. de Xylo, Aloe thrée drag. Diacinamomi one drag. white Sugar foure ounces, séeth them with Fennell water, and cast Tabulates thereof of a méetly bignesse.

And if he begin to perceiue any clearenesse, he must in the beginning of March drinke of this decoction following foure ounces alwaies foure houres before meate in the morning: first, take Ginger, white Pepper, Calmus, of each one drag. floures of Eyebright, Balsam wood, of each a quarter of an ounce, thrée cleansed Hermodactils, stampe them all together, and séeth them in thrée pints of water, vntil two parts be consumed. Secondly, take the iuice of Fennell, common ley which is not sharpe, of each two ounces, Tutia prepared with the vrine of a manchild one drag. and a halfe: set this the space of 20. dayes in the Sun, and vse it as shall be declared here∣after. Thirdly, take iuice of Roses one drag. common ley, Eyebright water, of each one ounce, set it (as is said) in the Sunne, and make the eyes therewith moist euery morning and euening two houres before meate: vse also the iuice of Roses alone, annoint therewith the forehead and the temples of the head.

Before supper he is to take all the spring time a quarter of an ounce of Diacorum. Fourthly, take Gall, Masticke, sealed earth, the iuice of Sloes, of each one dragm. Sandaraca one ounce, the iuice of Roses as much as is néedefull to stéepe the same in: bray it all together in a mortar vntill it be méetly thicke: annoynt therewith alwaies euery third day when you go to bed, the forehead, and the temples of the head.

Fiftly, take Mace, Eybright, of each one drag. and a halfe, Lignum Aloe one quarter of an ounce, Fennell, Comin, Ameos, of each halfe a drag. Amber two scrup. Séeth this all together in a pint of Fennell water vnto the halfe: take alwaies foure ounces at once tempered with Sugar: drinke thereof foure times a wéeke, thrée houres before meate.

In the sommer you are to vse this following euery morning, at the least euery second day, then must you chew (but not swallow) a péece of Masticke and Cucubes. Item, take Fennell, Celendine, Rue, the iuice of Roses of each thrée ounces, Sugarcandie, white Sugar, of each sixe ounces, Sugar pennets, foure ounces, of Fennell séede, Licorice, Violets, Roses, Eyebright, of each one ounce, Pistaces thrée drag. that haue bene stéeped fiue dayes in Eyebright water, and be dryed againe: powne them all to powder. The Sugar is to be sodden vnto a Sirupe for to make a confection thereof, and take thereof euery morning about half an ounce. Secondly take the iuice of Verueine two ounces, the iuice of Roses, of Fennell, water wherein Licorice hath béene sodden, of each two ounces, the gall of a Pickrell one drag. temper it, and set it 15. daies in the Sunne. This Collyrium is to be put once or twice into the eyes before meate, or at least moisten them therewith, for it is very good and sure.

In the beginning of haruest, and after purging, one must vse to chewe sometimes Calmui, otherwhiles Nutmegs, Galingall, or as much Agaricus as the bignesse of a beane: spew out the slime (as is said) and then vse the confection with the salue of the forehead.

A plaister for the head: Take cleane Laudanum halfe an ounce, Rosen one quarter of an ounce, Celendine, Lignum Aloes, of each one drag. Cloues halfe a drag. melt the two first in sharp Vine∣ger, temper them afterwards with strong Wine, and let them all séeth thicke with the herbes: put the spice vnto it, and make a plaister thereof, and spread it on lether, couer it with red Syn∣dall, make it that it be as large til it come ouer the eyes: this warmeth, dryeth moderately, and strengtheneth the braines. This powder following may also be strewed vpon the head, take Lignum Aloes, Eyebright, wild Time, Hysope, Stechas, of each one drag. Mace thrée quarters of an ounce, Violets one drag. and a halfe, powne each of them by themselues, and temper them well: thereof strew vpon the head alwaies two houres after supper, on the top of the crowne a∣bout the waight of a scruple, and that once in thrée or foure daies: the same helpeth much. Or take this powder following: Lignum Aloes, Cloues, Cardamome, of each halfe a drag. Amber, Eyebright, Fennel, floures of Celendine, Roses, of each one scrup. Mace one drag. make there∣of a fine powder, and vse it as before: but take not more then sixe graines thereof at one time, and when you will strew more vpon it, then first brush off the former.

Item, wind small stamped Marioram in a péece of silke, and smell oftentimes thereto, fume also your head or hat oftentimes with Lignum Aloes ouer the fire.

There may also sometime be vsed drying head ley, wherof euery where many be discouered. Famous Phisitians do also require to take euery moneth an ounce and three quarters of Hiera Piera, tempered with Fennell water, and that without any feare, for that it is a gentle medi∣cine. There may be taken euery moneth in the steade of the other, two scruples of the powder of Centorie, with Fennell water, and fast sixe houres after it.

With the things that are to be dropt in, one must go to worke very prouidently, and that not carelesly, but onely in great néede, and when the body is well clensed. Amongst the same be these commended, which are also the least: Take the iuice of Fennell well clensed two ounces, let one dragme of Salgemma be dissolued therein, put thrée or foure times a day one drop thereof in∣to the eye. Or take the iuice of Fennell as it is, or that which is thicke one dragme, bruise it in an ounce of the water of Eyebright, vse it as before. For this are also good the gals of rauening birds, and also of Fesants, Partridges, and such like, which eate no flesh. This simple Collyrium following is very much commended: Take the gall of a Pickerell one quarter of an ounce, Sal∣gemma halfe a scruple; let them melt togither. In like manner this following: Take the fresh li∣uer of a sownd Bucke being washed, pricke it well through, and fill it with long Pepper, Fen∣nell and Eyebright powder, of each a like much: put it on a spit, and let it rost by a gentle fire, receiue the iuice that droppeth from it in a cleane pot, and vse it as a Collyrium.

Or take in the end of Aprill the iuice of Fennell, stop it tight in a glasse, and set the same fif∣téene dayes in the sunne: afterwards straine it through a cloth, and temper Aloes vnto it sixe ounces, one ounce of Lignum Aloes beaten small: let it afterwards stād fifteene dayes in the sun, and straine it againe through a cloth, and vse it as is rehearsed already.

This following is also many times well approued. Take Swallowes heads, burne them to ashes in a couered pot; take one quarter of an ounce thereof, clarified honie three ounces, the iuice of Fennell one ounce; temper them all togither in a glasse, stop them tight, and seeth them in water vnto the halfe: vse thereof morning and euening, and before and after meate, one drop.

Item burne Fennell stalks to ashes, powre lye vpon it, wash therewith the eyes and eyelids, for it is verie good. It is likewise also good that each one vse his owne vrine, or that of a man child.

Forasmuch then as for these diseases there be many kindes of remedies described, therefore may one chuse that which liketh him best, and to follow all that one findeth to do good, for there are not so many described that they should altogither be vsed, but because that one might chuse thereof, and vse onely all that one may get most easily.

Of the Skin of the Eye. §. 13.

IT is declared in the beginning, that out of old Catar acts there doth easi∣ly engender a skin, and the starre, which will take away the sight; whereof we now meane to write: there be therefore commonly two kindes of them disco∣uered by the Phisitians; as the red and the white. The red do the Arabians name Sebet, which commeth of aboundance of bloud in the small veines of the eyes, which doth spread it selfe abroad ouer the whole eye, so that it seemeth to be a red cloth; whereof insueth a great itch. The patient can abide by no meanes any light, nor sunne, nor fire. This disease will be sometimes also (as is reported) inherited from the parents, but it infecteth not any body else. It is grieuous and tedious to be cured, it so be that the ma∣nuall operation be not vsed vsed thereto. For this, one of the chiefest things is to leade an or∣dered life, to vse that which is good, and to eschew that which is ill, like as is sufficiently shewed in the 12. §. and is méete for this purpose. For purging are the Pillulae Cechiae or such like requi∣site. Also for this is aduised to open the head veine: And for the itch, to wash the eyes with water wherein Roses, Sorrell and Mallowes are decocted. Or you may prepare this powder: take fresh eg shels, that haue béen infused nine dayes in vineger, afterwards seeth them a good space in the same vineger, dry them in the shadow, stampe and bruse the same: this powder is to be vsed oftentimes in the eyes.

Some do temper amongst it Sarcocolla, Aloe, Ginger, Gumme, of each the third part of the eg shels, and make it with Eybright water vnto a Collyrium: It may be vsed in maner of a pow∣der,

being beaten small.

Item take Ceruise which is washt nine times in Rosewater, one drag. burnt Copper, Gum∣mi Dragagant, prepared Sarcocolla, Beuer cod, Aloe, Frankinsence, Opium, prepared Pearles, Camfere, of each a drag. temper this with the iuice of Celendine, make your hands fat with the oile of bitter almonds, and make trocisces thereof, the waight of halfe a dragme. Afterwardes dissolue one of them in Fennell water, and when you will vse it, put some therof into the eyes: it cleanseth them, and taketh away the skin from the eyes.

Item make this powder following, which is good to take off the white skin when it is but new: the same is also good for running and sore eyes. Take Ginger, Pepper, Mirobalani Indi, and of the yellow Mirobalans, of each fiue drag. Aloes one drag. and a halfe, Cuttle bone three quarters of an ounce, Antimonie thrée drag. Cassia wood and Cloues, of each halfe an ounce: make all this vnto a subtill powder, & let it be blowne into the eyes. And if so be that these fore∣said things do not helpe, then must the skin be pluckt off; whereof it is not our meaning here to shew the manner.

* 1.40Now as concerning the white skin of the eyes, which the Phisitions do call Vngulam, which is a naile; for that it is likened to a naile of the finger, which is of nature betwéene skinne and flesh, and groweth from the corner of the eye towards the middle of the same: Of these some be hard, and some be soft, yellowish, darkish and reddish, and haue some societie with the fore∣said Sebell, whereof some be light, and others very hardly cured by manuall operation. They do grow out of all corners and sides of the eyes, vntill that in part or in whole they couer the apple of the eye. The cause of this are many tough and thicke humors, like as one may sée in horses and foure footed beasts mo, which are fed with grosse food. Now what one is to beware of in this sicknesse, hath bene before beclared at large in the 12. §.

For this (like as also in all other) is very good the letting of bloud and purging, with al other things which repell this defluxion, for the beginning of the cure, like as is sufficiently shewed in the former instructions. Now hencefoorth we will go and discourse of the smallest and newest skinnes.

Take Mallowes, Cammomill, Hollihocke rootes, Lineseede, of each halfe a M. let it séethe well, and receiue the vapor into the eyes: afterwards vse the Collyrium which is described be∣fore in the eight §. and beginneth thus: Take beaten Bloudstone, &c.

Item, take Ʋinum Punicinum, put a good deale of Rue therein, and let it stand in a glasse the whole Sommer in the Sun, drop thereof into the eyes. The same doth driue away the new skin, and all darknesse of the eyes. The iuice of Celendine, of Beetes, of Fennell, of Verueine, each a part or mixed, being put into the eyes, do take away the heate of the eyes, and all dark∣nesse of the same.

Or take the flowers of Cicorie, as many as you will, put them into a glasse stopt, couer the glasse with thicke dow, put it then into an ouen. The water which runneth from these flowers, vse to the skin of the eyes. This also may be approoued: Take Iuniper leaues, and the berries that growe thereon: distill water thereof, and put it into the eyes. Item, take fine honie, bruise some Camfere amongst it and vse it as all the rest.

Breake a fresh péece of Beuer cod in péeces, wherein you shall find some moisture: temper this with wine, and put it into the eyes.

For this is also good, great Ants bruised in péeces, and made to pap with the fat of Quailes, Myrrhe, and Fennell water.

Take sixe graines of Pepper, and as much Allume, vineger one ounce, seeth it vnto the third part, and kéepe it for daily vse.

Take Grashoppers, but not the gréene, nor them that be big, nor too little: bind them on a thréed, and drie them in the Sunne, then beate them to powder, bind them in a cloth, and lay it all night in wine, drop thereof into the eye; it is very sharpe. Others do but make a cloth wet therein, and so lay it vpon the eye, and that is surer. Some do vse Elderne pith.

Item take the innermost skinnes of the mawe of a Sparrow, halfe an ounce, Verbascum séeds thrée drag. beate them very smal, and make it into a salue with the oile of swéet Almonds: afterwards take Verdigrease, white Vitrioll, Salarmoniacke, burnt Copper, of each halfe a scrup. long, white, and black Pepper, gréene earthen potsheards, Sagapenum, Galbanum, of each one dragme, Bucks gals one quarter of an ounce: Powne very small what is to be powned,

temper them with some honie, and put of the iuice of Marioram or water vnto it, that thou maist vse it for a Collyrium. There may many be found wherein the venime Orpigmentum is put, the which I do not willingly rehearse; because that where any thicke and old skinne doth couer the eye, it is to be taken off with the néedle, so that it is vnnecessarie to vexe the eyes with any such perillous things.

Of the mists and cloudes of the Eyes. §. 14.

THe Nebula (which is also called by reason of her whitenesse Albugo) is diuers:* 1.41 it hath also other causes than the foresaid white eye skins.

There be two sorts of these: the first is méetely thicke, like the white of a sodden egge to looke vnto: the other is much subtiller, and is like to a cloud, and it is also easier to cure than the other: both procéed through the defluxion of moi∣stures out of the head, and wil be according to the nature of that moisture, thick or subtill. There commeth also otherwhiles a third sort into the eyes, as of some kind of bruse, or old impostume, or of any blisters of the eyes, which are a long time in curing.

Neuerthelesse it hath bene found, if young children through the pockes do retaine any such cloudes, and the eyes with the bodie be waxen greater; that the same clouds do lessen in time. The thicke whitenesse is thus to be cured: Euery morning fasting are the eyes to be fomented with cleare warme water, or with water of these herbes following, whereof we meane to vse the iuice: Take the iuice of corne Roses, the iuice of Centorie, temper them together, or vse each by it selfe. Item take the dried iuice of Celendine thrée dragm. Ameos one quarter of an ounce, make a powder thereof.

Item take white Sugarcandie: each put apart in the eye, is very good. Take Pumicestone, prepared Sarcocolla, Aristologie, white Sugar, of each a like much: make a powder therof. Cuttle bones alone, or tempered with one of the foresaid, are also very profitable: womans milke after the foresaid bones, milkt in the eyes, and vsed often, mollifieth the white skins. This following is also highly commended: Take Pumicestones, Cuttle bones, prepared Sarcocolla, Aristologie, red Corall, Boreas, of each one drag. Sugarcandie thrée quarters of an ounce, make thereof a subtill powder. Take the burnt shels of Sea crabs, prepared Tutia, and Sugar: beate them as small as may be. Now to the end the eyes may be cleansed, and the clouds taken away, this ho∣ny following is to be put therein: Take clarified hony two ounces, the iuice of Centorie, the iuice of Fennell, of each an ounce and a halfe, let it séeth somewhat, and scum it till it be cleare: drop thereof on the white cloude of the eye. Will you haue the honie more sharpe? then put thereto thrée dragmes of Boreas.

Take one part of Swallowes dung, Hony thrée parts, temper them together: this will ap∣parantly helpe, but it is sharpe like as is said alreadie.

Dispersion, or contraction of the eye beames or sight. §. 15.

BEcause that these parts or skinnes of the apples of the eye (called Ragodis and Ʋuea) are sometimes disgregated through inward and outward occasions, so that they be stretched out euen to the white of the eye, whereby the sight is not a little hurt: it is therefore first to be marked, whether this disease be from the natiuitie, or procéede of the great paine in the head, Cephalaea. If it be borne with one, there is then small hope to haue it cured: but if it be caused through any other occasions, as fals, blowes, thrusts, many humours that disperse themselues abroad, or of some former impostume that hath not long bene past, then it is still to be holpen: first, by letting of bloud in the head veine on the contrarie side where the disease is afterwards through purging with the pilles of Cochiae, and through a well gouerned diet. This is one of the best medicines, for it consumeth all humidities, not onely of the head but also of the whole bodie. Afterwards one may make a plaister for it with fine Bolus, Mirtle séed, of each half an ounce, Linséede beaten small two ounces, Rose water, and the iuice of Barberies: or take Night∣shade, Plantaine, the iuice of Housléeke, of each a like much, & lay it ouer the eyes with a cloth.

Item, wet a cloth in Rosewater wherein Tutia hath bene infused, and lay it ouer the eyes: for this is cauterization in the necke very much commended: but if this disgregation of the sight be small, then it will be easily cured with the Sieff of Gals, which herafter shal follow, which fore∣said Sieff of Gals, or de Fellibus is thus prepared.

* 1.42Take the Gals of these aforenamed beasts, to wit, of Cranes, Pickrels, Buckes, Hobbies, Sparhaukes, or of any other rauening birds whatsoeuer, of each two drag. and a halfe, Eu∣phorbium, Coloquint, Sagapenum, of each one drag. melt the gum, powne all that is to be pow∣ned, and temper it with the gals, and with two ounces of the iuice of Fennell, and vse it like any other Collyrium: It is also specially good for those that are purblind, whereof shall be here∣after spoken.

But if the starre or beame of the eye be dispersed because it is hurt, there is then no great care to be taken, for the same is easily to be holpen: make this plaister following. Take beanes and Barly meale, of each one quarter of an ounce, oyle of Roses halfe an ounce, the yolke of an egge, temper it well with the iuice of Endiue, as much as is néedfull.

Take Nightshade, Housléeke, and Rosewater, of each one ounce, and the white of an egge, make a cloth wet therein, and lay it vpon the eyes. For this is also good, the gall of a Bucke, ashes of the burnt head of a Magpie, of each a like quantitie, tempered with Honie and the iuice of Celendine, and so layed vpon the eye: this is commended for a very approoued re∣ceipt.

And if so be that the apple of the eye be contracted and waxe smaller, it is then caused through drought; and although naturally the small apple of the eye be good, yet is the diminishing of the same very bad. For this are good moist meates to be vsed, to bath in swéet waters, to vse of∣tentimes womans milke, and drop of the foresaid mildest Collyrium into the eyes.

Of the extuberation of the Eyes, as if they would fall out. §. 16.

THis is caused through many occasions, as for that the head is full of humors, or that the eyes of themselues do swel through a ful bodie, & otherwhiles through wind, and otherwhiles through some kind of impostume, if there be much bloud or flegme with it, whereof mention is before made in the 8. §. It may happen also that the sinewes of the muscles about the eyes are féebled and lamed tho∣rough some superfluous humor of the head, like as it may well happē by reason of the great paine of the head through extreame vomiting, and strong straining of going to stoole, of hard coughing, and of such like strong motions: and this happeneth especially in the dropsie, if it come through fulnesse of the bodie, then doth the patient féele a strong pricking and paine about the eyes: if through wind, then is the pricking not so strong, but rather contracting: if it come through much bloud, that do the red veines declare, with heate, Cholera maketh pric∣king and smarting. If this infirmitie be new, then it is easily to be holpen (in case that it is not caused through the dropsie) and that onely through good gouernment of diet. But if this infir∣mitie be but small, then lay cotton on the eye, and tye it to a linnen band: eate and drinke but little, sléep much, and refraine from all labour. But if the griefe be much, and with great paine, open the head veine, and purge with Hiera and with Pils ordained in Ophthalmia. Set boxing cups with picking on high vpon the shoulders, foment the eyes with wooll which is dipped in warme vineger and water, or with water and vineger wherein Pomegranate blossomes and péeles, Gals, and Sumach is decocted, and make the whole face wet therewith. And if therwith be great heate, then make a plaister of the hearbe Shepheards purse, Plantaine, and Housléek, and so apply it vpon the eye. But if it procéed through weaknesse of the sinewes, then purge the head, vse Gargarismes, and the Salues that hereafter are taught in Paralysi and contraction of the mouth, make a fomentation of warme hearbes, or this plaister: take Frankinsence, Ma∣sticke, Cipers nuts, and the leaues of each a like much beaten, tempered with oyle of Cammo∣mill; but if you will put some of the iuice of Sloes vnto it you may.

Of eyes that be burnt. §. 17.

IF any bodies face be burnt, so that one haue feare of his eyes, and that they do swell, then take water of Verueine, steepe Quince kernels therein, wring the slime through a cloth, and annoint the face therewith, and the eyelids: but looke for that which is writ∣ten before of white and red eyes, what cooleth all kinds of inflammations, or that is de∣clared in the first part.

Whensoeuer any be stricken in or vpon the eye. §. 18.

TAke powned Wormewood, temper it with the brayed white of an egge, and lay it ouer the eye.

Item, take the iuice of Verueine, the white of egs well brayed, lay it on the eyes with a wet cloth: looke also thereof in the sixt Chapter and the first §. of the humors of the eyelids.

If any thing be fallen into the eyes. §. 19.

IF so be that the eye (through any thing that might fall therein) be bruised or perished, that must forthwith be holpen, to the end that it do not inueterate: for this it is aduised to take fresh cléere water in the mouth, and spout the same into the sore eye so long, vntill all that whatsoeuer be in it may be washed out.

Yet womans milke is more commodious, sprouted into it out of the breast. This may also be done with white wine, for it causeth the eyes to run better; and if one wring thereon, then commeth that which is fallen into it with more ease out of it againe.

Or take a péece of white Rosen, let it be made warme in the sunne, or after another maner, then draw it very softly on the apple of the eye, then doth it remaine hanging thereon.

This operation or power is attributed also vnto Rubies & Saphires being stroked in the eyes.

Roll the vpper eyelid about, and wipe it with a soft linnen cloth, then doth it remaine hang∣ing on the cloth.

Item, take Betony, Celendine, Eyebright, Hyssope, Penniroyall, of each a like, séeth them in méely water, and wash the eyes with this whilest that it is warme.

How to cure the diminishing, feeblenesse, and darknesse of the eyes. §. 20.

THe sight is many times of some disease of the eyes (like as in Ophthalmia is de∣clared) lessened, and also enféebled, as the shining of the Sunne, looking glasses, shining copper, lightnings, fire, long darknesse, watching, the beholding of white things, like as when one walketh farre in the snow, cold ayre, or that chalke, dust, or any things else come into the eyes, through much looking vpon small things, to let much bloud, or that one doth it not if he be accustomed, also through an vnchast life. Further, the eyes are much weakened with great laskes, great labour, odoriferous things, and specially the Basilicon, of which we are not to omit this admirable work of nature, that is, if one eate too much of this, then will the sight be weakened, where notwith∣standing the iuice thereof dropt into the eyes doth strengthen the sight and drieth vp the moi∣sture.

These patients must beware of all grosse meates, as chéese, old flesh, coleworts: also from o∣uermuch eating and drinking, and from fasting. Also all such diminishing of the sight is cau∣sed through great paine of the head, swimming and great heate, which drieth too much. Also through cold moistures, which obstructeth the sinewes of the sight. There are thrée kinds of the weaknesse of the sight, the first of all diminisheth, when a thing is seene vnperfect, and when it is thought to be lesse; the second kind is a spoyled or corrupted sight, whereas one séeth any thing otherwise then it is, like as happeneth in the disease Scotoma. Thirdly, it is a contracted

sight, when one can discerne nothing by the sight, like as in the blindnesse. For all these aforesaid infirmities, shall the patient first vse preparatiue potions, and purge with the pils Cochiae or Stomachicae, and also vse Clisters which draw all humors downewards. Fennell séed vsed in all meates is especiall good both before and after meate: then as it commonly hapneth, that the fée∣blenesse of the eyes do proceed of a bad full stomacke, which doth cause many bad vapors in the head; then do the ancient Phisitions aduise, that these sicke persons shall be caused to vomit, for that will drie and cleanse the stomacke from all bad corruptions and intolerable moistures. Also there be drying powders to be put into the eyes, whereof there be many before described. But if with this imperfection of the sight, there be an abatement or consumption of the body, like as one seeth in all those that recouer after a languishing sicknes, they must be fed with good meate, for that if one be fasting or hungry, the paine will be the greater and more forcible. Also he is to be let sleepe well, and giuen wine to drinke, to make the head oftentimes moist with warme water, or to bath: but beware that he sweate not too much.

In the nose and eares is he to drop the oile of swéet Almonds, and besprinkle the eyes often∣times with yong womans milke.

Hereafter do follow certaine medicins: first a gouernement of life, for that a good order of diet is no lesse of importance for this, then it is in any other sicknes. First of all one is aboue all the other foresaid things to abstaine from very cleere ayre, vnmeasurable Venery, reading smal prints or writings, &c. from going to sléepe with a full stomacke, from all salt and strong meates, from drunkennes, and all that replenisheth the head. If the cause be moisture, then is likewise to be feared bathing, much sléepe, letting blood, cupping, and vaporous meates, new Wine, Beanes, Pease, and other pottages, Lettice, Vineger, and Radishes, much fish, Peares, Apples, and all moist fruites, especially after meate. In like manner all moist, darke and mistie weather, smoke, wind, dust, moist dwellings, going idle, vnleauened bread, old and grosse flesh, and all that maketh grosse blood. On the contrary side, there be many commodious things that strengthen the weake sight, as the sight of gréene fields, trées, the precious stone Smaragdus, greene glasse, greene linnen, and such like more, which are to be set before our eyes, to the end it may thereby be quickned. In like manner also all blew colours, and all other orient colours, as to looke into a steele looking-glasse, in the cléere water, gold, the starres of heauen, the precious Saphir stone, flowers of Borage, of Eyebright, and specially of Larks spurres, which are chiefly commended.

* 1.43The like operations are ascribed vnto the Wine and the conserue of Eyebright, and that not without reason, for that they be both forcible for to strengthen the sight, & to make it cleere and fresh, so that many old folkes through the vse of these haue continued and strengthened their sight with them. They do also deopilate the obstruction of the Milt and Liuer being dayly vsed, they cleanse the stomacke, and withstand all agues that proceed out of the stomacke: for what they serue else, and how they are to be prepared, the Register shal make mention. Therfore hath the wine of Eybright also, and the conserue of the same, not their names in vaine: for they haue like power in strengthening of the sight, to dry the moistnes of the braines, and to cléere all dark sights.

Further, it is very commodious that one do kembe well once a day, especially ancient folkes: youths are to wash their eyes often with fresh water, also to suffer hunger and thirst somtimes, and to drinke swéet water. In like manner all that is meet for the strengthening of the memory, is also very fit for the sight, as hereafter shall be shewed: and all that is accounted good for the fiue senses, as the sight, the hearing, smelling, tasting and féeling. Cléere faire ayre is alwayes good, bread well raised, good wine soberly drunk, also light meates which fume not into the head. This is now sufficiently written of the order of dict. Now we will come to the medicines, and waters for the eyes.* 1.44 Hereunder is one which was ordained and made for the Emperor Frede∣ricke the third, the which vnto this present day is very highly commended, and is thus prepa∣red: Take Betony, Rue, Verueine, Celendine, Eyebright, Roses, all of them gréene, of each sixe good handfuls, Aloe one ounce, long pepper, Cloues, of each halfe a drag. some also put thereto thrée handfuls of Woodbind and the flowers. This being all chopped, is to be distilled through a glasse helme: drop thereof into the eies, and annoint al the face therewith. Or take the iuice of Fennell and of Verueine, each by it selfe, or mixt amongst other, drop it into the eyes, lay it ouer them with a cloth, it taketh away the dimnesse. There is also described before in this Chapter

and first §. •• water for the eyes, of Celendine decocted with hony, which is specially good for all darknesse of the eyes.

Another. Take Fennell, Eyebright, and Rose water, of each one ounce, Sarcocolla, Tu••••a both prepared, Sugarcandy, of each one scup. the gall of a Pickerell, fiue leaues of beaten gold: put these together in a glasse, and let it séeth a while in hot water in a glasse, and vse it as a Collyrium.

This preserueth the sight maruellously.

Item take Fenegreeke, Hollihock roots, of each two ounces, cleanse them well, and let them séeth well in cléere water with a mild fire vnto the halfe: wring them out hard and straine them through a cloth, tempered with Aloe, a quarter of an ounce, Sugarcandy or Sugar of Roses one ounce, straine it with the Rose water through a cloth, and let it seeth together vnto a sirupe: preserue it stopt close in a glasse, and vse it as other eye-waters. Take prepared Tutia one drag. white Amber halfe a dragme, Camfere halfe so much, fennell water and Rose water, of each two ounces, temper them together. The water that is gathered of the vapor of hote bread maruellously cléereth dim eyes: Take Rose water as much as you please, Sugarcandy as much also; let it stand before that you vse it a certaine time in the Sunne. All gals of rauening birds, as also of Partridges, of Buls, Hares, Wolues, Foxes, and aboue all the Buckes gall doth drie the eyes and sharpen the sight. But one of these or more must be decocted with much iuice of fennell and clarified hony (once as much more as the other) and dropt into the eyes. Take the gals of Partridges, Balsam oyle, of each one quarter of an ounce, the iuice of Celendine one dragme, temper and vse them as the other. The auncient Phisitions haue highly praised this following: Take the iuice of Pomegranates which be neither lower nor swéet, two ounces: seeth them in a siluer vessell vnto the halfe: then adde clarified hony one ounce, let it boile well, straine it through a cloth, let it stand certaine dayes in the sunne, and drop it into the eyes. Item the iuice of sower and swéet Pomegranates, of each two ounces, set it in the Sun two moneths, then straine it, and temper thereto one drag. of Aloes, long pepper halfe a drag. And if you desire it to be more drying and biting, put thereto one scrup. of Sal Armoniack: the older this is, the better.

Hereafter follow certaine simples which strengthen the sight, as the iuice of rosted Onions tempered with hony dropt into the eyes, the braines of flitter mice or Bats tempered with hony and dropt therein, the ashes of the same blowne into the eyes especially in the beginning. Rue hath an especiall propertie in the eyes, is good eaten, and the iuice of it tempered with the iuice of fennell and hony dropt into them. Hyssope vsed in meate is also very meet for the sight, Rapes and sodden yong Doues are very good, also their broth drunken: so are also Swallowes & Mag∣pies eaten, good for the strengthening of the sight, and the ashes of them tempered with hony and put into the eyes; Calmus raw and confected is very méet; burnt Corall drieth and consu∣meth all moisture of the eyes: Acatia strengtheneth and sharpeneth the sight, and expelleth the rednesse; Almonds are also very good. All odoriferous herbes, as Lauander, Rosemary, Gillo∣flowers, Roses, and all pleasant smelling fruites, are good for the eyes.

Pomanders. Take Rosemary, Nep, Marioram, Penniroyall, of each one drag.* 1.45 Lignum A∣loes, Marioram gentle, and Mace, of each one quarter of an ounce, Muscus, Ambra, of each two graines, make thereof a powder, bind it in a peece of red silk, and smell oftentimes to it. They may also vse the same which haue the disease of the Cataract, whereof is much admonished before.

The ancient Phisitions were of opinion, if one annointed oftentimes the eylids with Coral, precious stones and gold, or did behold them, that it were to strengthen and cléere the sight.

This powder following of Rasis is much commended for to strengthen the sight therewith: Take prepared Tutia ten drag. make this to paste with the fresh iuice of Marioram gentle when it hath stood a night and be well setled: afterwards let it dry wel, beate it againe and put Ginger vnto it, long and black pepper, and Celendine, of each a drag. Sal Armoniack half a drag. al bea∣ten small, and maide moist with the cléere iuice of fennell: Let it dry againe, and so preserue it. When you will occupy it, then beate it vnto an impalpable powder, and put it into the eye.

This powder following is to be strewed vpon the head: Take Cloues, Liguum Aloes, Beto∣nica, Sandaraca, burnt Iuory, Styrax Calamita, of each halfe a drag. make thereof a powder, strew all the head therewith. As oftentimes as you will vse it, then kembe the head before, to the end the first may come off, afterwards vse twise a moneth when you go to sleepe one quarter of an

ounce of the trocisces of Diambra, hold them long in the mouth vntill they do melt.

Item take Cumin which is stéeped one night in vineger, and afterwards dried, Annis séeds, prepared Coriander, of each three ounces, Fennell séed sixe ounces: temper them all together. You may also let them be confited with Sugar, and vse it after meate: this strengtheneth the stomacke, stayeth the vapors from gathering vpwards toward the head, and consumeth al cold matter in the stomacke and the head.

A powder to be vsed with meate.

TAke Siluer mountaine, Ginger, Cucubes, Cloues, long pepper, Nutmegs, the rootes of Celendine, Diptamer rootes, of each halfe an ounce, prepared Cumine, Fennell séed, Annise seeds, flowers of Eyebright with the leaues, of each thrée quarters of an ounce, prepared Coriander one quarter of an ounce, Sugar as much as you please: this is to be bea∣ten small together and vsed dayly in meate; it strengtheneth the sight, and defendeth against blindnesse.

This following is also to be obserued for a speciall meane, that one must gargarise euery ten dayes: two dayes together in the morning and euening eight or ten times together. Take Mar∣ierom gentle, one handfull, Licorice halfe an ounce, seeth them in a pint of water vnto the halfe: take a good cruse full thereof, temper amongst it one dragme and a halfe of Hiera Picra: gargarise with it (as is said) it is very requisite, but bitter.

After supper take one of these Tabulates: Take Spec Diambrae one dragme and a halfe, Eye∣bright, Celendine, Fennell, Verueine, of each one scrup. the seed of Rue, of Siluer mountaine, of each halfe a drag. Sugar fiue ounces: séeth all these with Eyebright water, and cast Tabu∣lates of it. Lastly, take Rue, Celendine, Eyebright water, of each two ounces, Fennel and the iuice of Verueine, of each one ounce, the gall of a Pickerell thrée drag. Lignum Aloes beaten smal halfe a drag. the séed of Rue, of Celendine, Marioram gentle, of each one dragme, temper them with the foresaid water, stop it tight in a glasse, and sement it with dow: afterwards set it in an ouen when the bread is taken out, and let it stand a whole day therein. The next day take of the dow againe, and set it the space of twelue days in the Sunne; afterwards straine it through a tight cloth, but wring it not out, and kéepe it in a stopt glasse, whereof put euery morning and euening one drop in the eye, and lie vpon your backe, then shall you perceiue an apparant a∣mendment of the sight.

Pillul••e, Pilles.

TAke white beaten Eyebright half an ounce, Caroway sodden in vineger and dried, Mar∣ioram gentle thrée quarters of an ounce: Lignum Aloes, Indie Spica, of each one ounce, the séeds of Sorrell fiue scrup. temper them with the Iulep of Roses, whereof you are to take at one time a halfe or a whole drag. once in thrée or foure dayes in the euening when you go to bed.

Will you then make a powder thereof? put thereto prepared Coriander, Cinnamom and Fennell, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sugar as much as you please. This may you take af∣ter supper.

* 1.46This following is a costly confection, and strengtheneth the sight, therefore it is called of Mon∣tagnana, Electuarium Occulistae, because it is very profitable for the abating of the sight which pro∣ceedeth through flegmaticall humors; for besides that it strengtheneth the braines, it restoreth the lost sight againe, and maketh also the spirits of the sight subtiller and stronger.

Take Siluer mountaine séed, Eyebright, fennell, and Cucubes, of each a drag. Cardamome, Mace, of each one drag. and a half, the séed of Celendine, of Rue, of each one quarter of an ounce, Rosemary one ounce, Annis séed, Lignum Aloes, Caroway, Consolida Sarracenica, of each halfe an ounce, sugar or hony as much as is néedfull for to make thereof a confection.

Another.

TAke dried Betony, Celendine, Eyebright, Hyssope, Penniroyall, of each one drag. fennell, Siluer mountaine, Annis, prepared Coriander and Marioram gentle seeds, Basill séeds,

Cardamome, Cinnamom, Ginger, Galingale, Nutmegs, Cloues, long Pepper, Lignum Aloes, Masticke, Spikenard, of each halfe a drag. preserued Citron pils thrée drag. conserues of Bo∣rage, of Rosemarie, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sugar decocted in Fennell and Rosewater as much as is néedfull for to make a confection. This patient shall take also after purging the second or third day one drag. of Treacle, Aurea Alexandrina, or Mithridate. Or make a potion: Take halfe a dragm. of Treacle, breake it in wine, water of Rue or Fennell, and take it once euery wéeke: yet this is best of all that one may vse for a weake sight, preserued Chebuli eaten fasting doth much strengthen the sight; some chew euery morning Iuniper berries, spetting it afterwards into the hands, and letting the fume go into the eyes: the which can also streng∣then the sight much. The same vertue hath also chewed Annis, Cumine, and especially Fen∣nell séede, whether they be confected or no.

All later and auncient writers do commend this remedie following, as well for the streng∣thening of the sight, as for those that be purblind: Take the liuer of a Bucke, take off the Gall, cut broad peeces out of it, lay therein whole long Pepper, couer it with another peece of liuer and Pepper as before, thus continuing till all the péeces be laid one vpon another, so that aboue and beneath be nothing but liuer. Put this then into an ouen, and drie it well away: then take of the Pepper, beate it small, and mixe some Muscus amongst it, and with the moisture which droppeth from the liuer, moisten therewith the powder, and make losinges thereof, preserue it vntill you haue néede of it, then temper it with Eyebright water, or such like, and vse it as the other. To these spices of medicines are thrée kinds of commodities ascribed: the first to drop fat∣nesse into the eyes: the second to receiue the warme vapour into the eyes: thirdly, that the pa∣tient eate thereof many times a yeare, euery time three daies together.

One more (which is almost like vnto it) doth hereafter follow: Rost a hogs Liuer, wet the eyes with the dampe of this rostmeate, and rub the fatnesse on the eyelids.

Take a slip of Rue, drinke the infusion of it at your meale, it is also very good for this.

Take Cinnamom, Cloues, Mace, of each a like much, powre Malmesey vpon it, and vse it as you please.

When one hath then vsed a good deale of these foresaid things, and there be yet perceiued much more moisture in the eyes: there is sometimes to be vsed for to drie the braines of this iuice following, drawing it vp through the nose, to wit, of Marioram gentle and Dane wéede.

There are also twise a wéeke two of these pils following to be taken after supper: Take Pa∣ula lucis, Rubarbe, of each one scrup. and a halfe, and make thereof fiue or seuen pils.

Of all those that after the rising of the Sunne, do see nothing at all, or very badly. §. 21.

THis infirmitie of the sight is of two kinds. The first is when one can sée well in the day time, but against the euening and night can sée nothing or very badly. The o∣ther to the contrarie, when one in the day time doth sée little or badly, moouing the eyes vp and downe, when he doth come into the clearenesse, without holding them open, therefore be they commonly called in Dutch blind Cats: but when it groweth towardes euening, then begin they to amend, and can sée much better. Both these infirmities do procéed of like causes, and according as the spirits of the sight be formed, whereof the Philosophers do dispute much. The Grecians do call them Nyctilopas, the Latinists Lusciosos, in English pur∣blind, whereof Galenus speaketh generally, that it is a disease which procéedeth of no manifest cause. Others write, that it is incident rather to blacke eyes then to other: what concerneth the signes, they are to be inquired of them that haue this infirmitie.

First, for this is reputed good, if the partie be full of bloud, that first of al the head veine, after∣wards the veines in the corners of the eyes be opened: others do aduise to open the median and the veine in the forehead. Afterwards whether it be of a Phlegma or Melancholia, purge with the pils Cochiae or Lucis, and then to take Mithridate or Treacle. In the eye is to be vsed the fat of the Bucks liuer (described before) or to temper it with a little of the Bucks gall, or the Buckes gall alone decocted with a little vineger, applied likewise as aforesaid: for in this disease is most of all commended that which commeth from the Bucke or Goate. Plini•• admonisheth that some haue aduised, that one should wrap the Goates dung with waxe, and so swallow it down.

He writeth also that this blindnesse is to be holpen with Goats bloud, & it may come thereby, for that it is sayd that those beasts do see as well by night as by day: therefore it was comman∣ded to Nycripolis to eate the Buckes and Goats liuer rosted. And how the same shall be drest is shortly before declared, where we haue discoursed of the diminished and weake sight.

When one is waxed almost blind. §. 22.

IF there fall any moysture in the eyes which maketh one almost starke blind, then it is found out by experience, that the decoction of a Viper, the head and tayle chopt off, hath holpen (yet the intrailes pluckt out and stuffed with Fennell séedes) like as also helpeth if one eate the flesh of this Serpent boyled. This is reported of the nature of the Viper snake.

The like vertue also hath the decoction of Guaiacum vsed after his manner or kind, the which is not onely méete for this, but also in certaine confections for the sight, which Pope Innocentius the third did send to an Abbot, who was almost blind, and is made thus: Take Fennell séede halfe a pound, Siluermountaine seede, and blew Chamedris, of each foure ounces, Smallage, Annis, Parsly séedes, Peniroyall, Hyssope, Saxifrage, Iuniper berries, of each one dragme, the séede of Stauesacre two ounces: this being beaten small with Hony or Sugar, and a confection made thereof, and vse thereof morning and euening, and you shall sée maruels.

Commeth the cause of the hinderance in sight through obstructions of the sinewes whereby the sight commeth into the eyes? then vse the Pils Cochiae and Lucis of each half a dragme, make 7. or 8. pils therof, swallow them in the morning betimes and fast fiue houres vpon it, vse them once euery moneth. Afterwards vse this confection, take Peniroyall, Rue, Betony, Celendine, of each one handful, Saxifrage, Louage, Annis, Cammomil, Ginger, Fennell, Parsly, Hyssop, Marioram, Siluermountaine, of each two dragmes and a halfe, Gallingall halfe an ounce, powne all very small that is to be powned, and temper it with Sugar which is clarified in Fen∣nell water, it requireth halfe a pound of Sugar at the least, cast Tabulates of it, and then lay them vpon the tong, and let them melt of themselues: this do and continue it the space of two or thrée monthes, all after that the blindnesse is great and hath long continued.

Of Squintnesse. §. 23.

THis is a distractiō of the eyes out of their naturall places towards the right or left side, vpwards or downewards: the occasion of this is sometimes through resolu∣tion of the sinewes, where the whole place doth draw that infirmed vnto it. Also it may be a crampe in the same sinewes, whereto the cōtrary the shrinking sinewes do draw the whole vnto them; it cometh also very well through a custome, when yong children in the cradle do lye alwaies vpon one side, & open but one eye: but if the squintnes do come through slacknesse of the sinewes or the crampe, that is séene and shewed by the signes which are described in Paralysi, or in the crampe. This disease could the auncient Phisitians heale very badly, and it is very vncertaine in yong children, neuerthelesse we will not preter∣mit to shew our aduise for it: on the side where the disease is put some clearenesse, to the end the eye may be drawne to his naturall place: also when it is caried about on the arme, the aun∣cient Phisitions haue vsed all those things which were wont in Paralysi and in the distraction of the mouth to be adhibited.

Hydromell, honie water: how to make and vse the same. §. 24.

IT is before oftentimes mentioned, and therefore it is very worthy for to describe here how to make it: The ancient Phisitions tooke raine water and hony decocted therewith, scum∣ming it well, and vsing it for a common drinke, in the stead of water or wine, like as also it standeth discouered in many places of this booke; now it is for the most part made with well water and hony. In fine, Hydromell is no other thing but our common meade without any ad∣dition: of other sorts of meade is spoken hereafter in the eight part.

The eight Chapter. Of the Nose.

THis is also one of the principallest outward members of the face, artifici∣ally conioyned of sinewes and gristles, and by nature ordained for many kind of vses: for who knoweth not how excéeding needfull it is for the life, and for preseruation of the good breath, and for discerning of al smels & sauors: in behalfe of both these two causes is the Nose set in the height of the bodie, and endued with such a propertie that it might refresh and coole the hart, the lights and all inward parts with continuall breathing, without the which no man liueth.

Besides this it hath power to discerne and iudge the sauor of the meate: it is set besides and aboue the mouth, to the end it might adiudge and giue euidence to all before it goeth into the mouth, what is pleasant and what is to be eschewed, or is necessarie or hurtfull: it standeth also in the middest of the face not onely for a garnishing, but also for a stay or defence betwéene both the eyes for to defend them (as hath bene said before.) It is also a right pipe or gutter to purge and cleanse thereby all the moisture of the braines and the head; to the end there should nothing fall downe vpon the breast or other principal parts that might there cause great sicknesse. This member is subiect also to many kind of diseases, as Impostumes, Obstructions, Rheumes, ex∣cessiue bléeding, losse of smelling, of all which and others mo, shall be hereafter spoken.

Of Obstruction or stopping in the Nose. §. 1.

THis infirmitie is caused through inward or outward occasions: If the nose be stopt tho∣row falling, striking, or thrusting; then must it swell: if it be then swolen, then be the waies thorough which the breath and smell commeth stopped: yea also the smell other∣whiles wholy lost. It may also be well stopped through some grosse moisture, that falleth out of the head and braines, which cannot passe thorough the nose, for that the nose vents are thereby stopped. As much as then concerneth any outward brusing, there must be salues and plasters laid vpon it, like as vpon other tumors. The same being healed, the vents and pores will be o∣pen againe, and the smelling restored, yet it is alwaies good aduice to set boxing cups vpon the necke and shoulders, and to lay vpon the brest brayed whites of egges, tempered with some Camfere. But of this stopping shall be spoken more at large hereafter, especially in the losse of the smelling.

Of the Vlcers in the nose. §. 2.

THese impostumations do the Writers diuide into Vlcera & Apostemata, which we do english, Vlcers and Impostumes; the Vlcers are alwaies drie or moist: drie when they make hard scurse, and contrarily when they yeeld out much moisture, like as if the nose were rubbed on the inside and thereby bled, and yeelded yellow, gréene or blacke matter; both procéeding of sharpe, salt, and burnt matter that des∣cendeth out of the head into the nose. The signes thereof may one easily discerne: if there be paine in the nose, then is to be séene against the bright Sunne where the disease is. For this ac∣cident the patient is to be purged with the Pils Cochiae, or Hiera, and such like. This is also a common rule in the curing of all Vlcers, to wit: that it be begun with no strong medicine, or that the partie be purged before. Like as for example, if the patient be plethoricke in bodie, and the vlcer be great, open the Median, and let out foure or fiue ounces of bloud according to the strength of the patient: but if the disease be not so great, then open the head veine vpon the arme or vpon the hand, at all times vpon that side where the disease is not, and somtimes very well in the veines of the nose. In like manner also are cups to be set in the necke, thereby to se∣duce the matter. This being done, the patient is to vse the space of eight dayes or sixe dayes this preparatiue potion: take Oxysacchara (which shall be immediatly hereafter described) the sirupe

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of water Lillies of each thrée quarters of an ounce, Sorrell water, and Fennell water, of each thrée quarters of an ounce, drinke it lukewarme in the morning. The purgation vpon it is this.

Take halfe an ounce of the confection De succo Rosarum, Cassia prepared with the water of Violets one ounce, temper all together with thrée ounces of Barly water méetly warme▪ for o∣therwise it is too thicke. Immediatly after purging lay this plaister following vpon the nose, that it may be couered euery where with it: Take small Housléeke, and the iuice of Plantaine, the iuice of shepheards purse, of each one ounce, the whites of two egges, Camfere brused small foure scrup. prepared Tutia, and Butchers broomeséedes of each one drag. burnt Corall and Am∣ber of each two scrup. Starch one ounce and a half, bruse these together in a leaden mortar some houres together, this is to be vsed thrée or foure times a day.

Another.

PVt the iuice of Tassell leaues thrée or foure times a day into the nose, it may be drawne vp into the nose: but if you feare that it will coole too much, then temper the third part of the iuice of Betonie amongst it.

Oxysacchara.

THis kind of Sirupe may easily be made by all housekéepers, it hath also great vertue and operation, for it doth consume the mixed and flegmaticke humidities which do pinch or annoy the vppermost parts, and cause the vnruly double Tertian and quar∣taine Agues: Take sixe ounces of white Sugar, the iuice of Pomegranates foure ounces, sharpe Vineger two ounces: seeth them in a little pot by a mild fire, vntill they be of the thicknesse of a common Sirupe.

Item, if there be scurfe in the nose: Then take Sallad oile, the grease of a Capon as much as you please, and powre a little molten waxe amongst it, and annoint therewith the scurfs: like∣wise take warme water, draw it vp into the nose certaine dayes together, in the morning it is also good. Item, take the gum of a Cherrie trée, the gum of a Palme trée or Dragagant, dissolue them in Rosewater which thou wilt, annoint the Muscilage or slime in the nose with a feather. Or take the marrow of an Oxe bone, new waxe, of each half an ounce, oile of water Lillies one quarter of an ounce, melt and vse it as before. Or you must in stead of the oile of water Lillies, take also the oile of Roses.

Another: Take Dragagant and the séede of Fleawoort, stéepe them in Rosewater and cile of Violets, annoint the nose oftentimes with this muscilage. You may also make this salue: Take Duckes and Hens grease, the fatnesse of Shéepes wooll, Harts sewet, honie, of each halfe an ounce, burnt Mirobalans, Gals, of each a drag temper them together. This asswageth and drieth much.

In like manner this salue following is very conuenient: Take oile of swéet Almonds one ounce, oile of Roses one ounce, washt Butter, Hens grease, the Muscilage of Dragagant, of each one quarter of an ounce, and a little waxe.

Or take fresh marrow out of the Calues bones, and gum, of each one quarter of an ounce, oile of white Camelina one ounce and a halfe, waxe as much as is néedfull. The same doth also butter washt wel with faire water, likewise also decocted Hollihocks, Nightshade or Malows.

Another, almost as the former. Take the marrow of Calues bones, the yolks of egs, Draga∣gant and gum, of each one quarter of an ounce, oile of Camelina one drag. and a litle waxe.

But if the impostume onely beginneth to run: then dip Cotton in strong and well salted vineger, put it into his nostrils, herewith they will be dried. But this following is better: Take prepared Tutia which is slaked in the vrine of a man child of two yeares old, and Ceruse, of each two drag. and a halfe, the iuice of Housleeke fiue ounces: rub this at the least the space of thrée dayes together, the space of thrée howers euery day in a leaden mortar, set it afterwardes well stopt in the Sun when it is too drie: then powre againe other iuice vnto it, and bruise it as before: do this so thrée or foure times together: with this salue are you to annoint the disease thrée or foure times a day. This salue is so forcible, that many people which haue had the can∣ker and Polypum,* 1.47 thereby haue preserued their life a long time.

And if so be (through the great vncleanesse of this vlcer) there behooueth stronger things, and the disease be also old: then make first of all the scurfes moist with wine, wherein Agrimonie, Verueine and honie is decocted, drie it and make it moist again, afterwards vse this following: Take Vitrioll, red and yellow Orpiment, of each halfe a drag. beate and steepe it in the gall of a Bull or Oxe, and refresh it daily vntill the matter be white; then put thereto Antimonie and Myrrhe, of each one quarter of an ounce, Waxe as much as will make an ointment, annoint therewithall, and stop it in the nose: if you will haue this somewhat milder, then put thereto beaten Horsemints and Mallowes, to the quantitie of one quarter of an ounce. This that fol∣loweth is not so strong.

Take Cypers rootes, Allume, Gals, Myrrhe, Saffron, of each one quarter of an ounce, beate them to powder, and blow it into the nose. Or make thereof a salue with honie. Also you may vse the salue Ʋnguentum Apostolicum, the which is made thus: Take Turpentine, white waxe,* 1.48 white Rosen, Ammoniacum, of each one drag. Opopanacum, Verdigrease, of each halfe a drag. the Litharge of gold two scrup. sallad oile sixe ounces in the Somer, but in the winter nine ounces, vineger as much as is néedfull for to dissolue the Gum with it, make a salue thereof. This salue is common at the Apothecaries, and is not onely good for this, but also for all sore eyes, Fistu∣laes, for cleansing the wounds, wherein it hath a maruellous operation: for it consumeth the bad flesh, incarnateth afterwards, and healeth all hard swellings: so that there is not almost the like vnto this.

Item take burnt lead well washt, Ceruse, Litharge of gold, of each a like quantitie, oyle of Roses, and Waxe as much as is néedfull for a salue. This also following is much commended and is certaine: take one sower Pomegranat, others take sower, meane, and swéet Pomegra∣nates, of each one stamped with their pils, wrung out and decocted a while in a litle pot and cla∣rified, dip a taint in it and put vp into the nose; but if there be any vlcers with it, then vse this following. Take Ceruse, Myrrhe, Litharge of gold, burnt Copper, Gals that are parched a little, Allume, of each one drag. oile of Roses thrée ounces, Waxe as much as is needfull for a salue: this healeth and drieth. Item take Ceruse one ounce and a halfe, calcined and washed Ceruse, Litharge, of each halfe a drag. Vineger, Waxe, of each one spoonefull: make it with oile of Mirtles vnto a salue, wash the nostrils with warme wine and pisse, wherein Myrrhe and Frankinsence is decocted. And if this vlcer will not be healed with the foresaid things, it is then to be taken for a secret Canker, which one may not touch with sharpe things; as present∣ly hereafter shall appeare.

Obstruction or stopping in Childrens noses without any other infirmitie. §. 3.

IT happeneth oftentimes, that young, yea new borne children do suffer great stop∣ping in the nose: their breasts must be annointed well with the oiles of sweete Al∣monds, and of Violets, and to them that giue sucke wine is forbidden.

And if the childrens breast be full, then is the oile of Violets with Sugar to be put into the mouth. Ancient folkes (if they cannot abide the oile of Violets by reason of the smell) then take sallad oile, or oyle of swéet Almonds in stead thereof.

Impostumations of the Nose. §. 4.

THe second kind of exulcerations in the nose are much more perillous and worse, and are called Apostemata, Hemorrhoides, Polypus Canker.

The first is a soft excrescence of flesh, which giueth moisture when one wrin∣geth the nose; soft in féeling, and bléeding quickly: this procéedeth of moist wa∣ter which falleth out of the brains, rotteth there, and degenerateth into the flesh, the which otherwhiles groweth out so long that it hangeth without the nose: it taketh away the spéech, the breath, and also the smelling, somtimes shewing red and somtimes white and blackish. But the Polipus is hardish, hath many rootes and veines: he is so called af∣ter the name of a fish which hath many féete: and for many moe similitudes and properties that are betwéene them. This is caused of melancholicke humors tempered with slime or Phlegma, &

stoppeth the nose through his increase.

This Canker is wholly hard and fast: it manifesteth himselfe also on the outside vpon the nose, with many blacke veines of melancholick bloud, whence this sore taketh his ofspring, and doth bring with it an intollerable stench (which the Phisitians do call Ozenam.) The cause of these tumours is the affluence of bad humours: but that which causeth Hemorhoides is a sweete Phlegma, which is without bloud but rotten, very moyst without paine, therfore is better to be healed then this following.

But in Polypo is corrupted bloud, whereto doth come a stinking Phlegma.

The Canker is a burnt, rotten, and hardened Melancholia. Both these last are vncertaine, yea wholly impossible to be holpen: neuerthelesse there be many kinds of remedies ordained and v∣sed as followeth.

When as then the first sort doth appeare with softened or white flesh which filleth the whole nose, then is the head veine first to be opened; afterwards a taint annointed with this salue following, to be put into the nostrels where the disease is. Take yellow Orpiment, Coperas, Verdigreace, of each halfe an ounce, Quicksiluer, Salarmoniacke of each one ounce; bruse these small, and cast it into lime ley: this may you vse so: or make it with hony vnto a salue. Others do vse this sharpe water following: Take yellow Orpiment, quicke Lime, Verdigreace, Quick∣siluer, of each one ounce and a halfe, Salarmoniacke halfe a dragme; beate them cleane, and let it séeth well in water: when it hath stood a while, then will it be very sharpe. In like manner, getteth also a corroding qualitie, the water wherin quicke lime is quenched, and wherin quick∣siluer is put.

This is more gentle, take Allume, Verdigreace, of each halfe an ounce, yellow Orpiment one scruple, temper them, and stick a taint in Vineger, sprinkle it with this powder and so sticke it in the nose where the disease is. Of the meane Corsiues is also taken for an approued thing, powned Vitrioll blowne into the nose in the morning and euening. There is also described in this Chapter in the 2. §. a medicine with the iuice of Pomegranats, which are especially good for this, amongst which you are to temper a litle Antimonie and Verdigreace. But if this will not helpe, then are stronger things to be vsed, as an actuall cauterie or incision, & although this do seldome prosper, neuerthelesse we will discourse somewhat thereof. For this soft excrescence of flesh whereof we haue spoken at the first is not wholly incurable, but may through these meanes be cured, which neuertheles is very vnpossible in the Canker: but if it were found that there ought to be vsed either the actual cauterie or incision, then must the cauterized place be an∣nointed with fresh butter, & the brayed white of an eg, and couer the nose and the whole face with vineger & water, or Rose water, or take the yolks of an eg, temper it with oyle of Roses, and the iuice of Roses, this swageth almost all the paine of the Cauterie.

Here do now follow certaine sharpe, yet good meanes, which are most surest in greatest ne∣cessitie, the first is, that these superfluous excrescences be clipt off with a sharpe payre of Cisors euen to the bottome, afterwards take away the rest that remaineth behind with this salue fol∣lowing: Take one ounce of hony, vineger one quarter of an ounce, Sarcocolla, Ammoniacum, of each halfe an ounce, séeth these vpon a mild fire, and therewith annoint your taints which you thrust into the nose, it hath a speciall vertue of healing and drying. The other meanes, if this were not sufficient, then burne the disease with an iron that is flat before, thrust it through a copper pipe which is wrapt in clothes wet in Rose water, to the end that the sound part of the nose be not burnt, do this so long vntill one can perceiue no remanence of it more. Afterwards annoint the cauterized place with butter, vntill that the escarre falleth off, & heale it with Ba∣sill and the ointment of Ceruse, or with the salue that is described in the 2. §. in the vlcers of the nose with Tutia.

The third meane to expel this accident: Take a long and strong horse haire, thrust it into the nose vntill you bring it out of the mouth againe: fasten it on both ends and plucke it hither∣wards ouer the accident, and that so often times til it be cut out at the bottome. This being ac∣complished, stanch the bloud with this powder, take Mirrhe, Sarcocolla, fine Bolus, Dragon bloud, of each one dragme, prepared Tutia halfe a dragme, this powder must be blowne in the place where it bléedeth, or strew a taint with it and stop it into the nose; now the bloud being stanched, heale it with the foresayd salue.

Of the Canker in the Nose. §. 5.

THe causes of this Canker in the nose, and the signes thereof are discouered before. First, it sheweth it selfe small like a corne of wheate, but afterwards will be as big as a hazle nut or almond: it yéeldeth seldome matter, and remaineth alwayes (as is said) hard and dry: it will abide no strong things, as actuall or potentiall cauteries, but it must be softly medled with, and easie remedies vsed thereto, as to let blood, laxatiue things, and Master Tristrams water, which is described in the fift chapter and first §. Also oile of blew Flowerdeluce annointed thereon, and chiefly Treacle and Mithridate thrust into the nostrils, and to hold the same in the mouth & eate it. Also it is very good to purge the head with this potion: Take Mirobalani Indi one ounce and a halfe, Sene, Epithymum, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sugarcandy foure ounces, séeth them together in nine ounces of water euen to the halfe, straine it then through a cloth, and temper it with Manna and sower Dates a∣mongst it, of each one ounce. In like sort may one purge also with the Pillulis foetidis or Sioma∣chicis. The place of the accident is also to be twise a day at the least strengthened with the oile of Roses wherein Camfere is tempered, and lay a cloth therein dipped in them, or made as it were into a salue, and annointed therewithall. Yet in stéed of this he may vse the iuice of Nightshade. The patient must much beware of all pottages, chéese, hard flesh, and all which ingendreth me∣lancholike blood: but must vse drying meates. His drinke must be wine tempered with water. For the defluxion Ozena, which the Canker bringeth with it, is this following very meet:* 1.49 Take one ounce and a halfe of oile of Roses, halfe an ounce of white Waxe, a little vineger, and the brayed white of an egge, milke one ounce, washed Ceruse one quarter of an ounce, the iuice of Lettice, of Plantaine, of Nightshade, of each halfe an ounce, stir them together the space of two or three houres in a Leaden morter.

Of the Murre. §. 6.

WE haue taught in the description of the Nose, that it is by nature ordained for a channel, thereby to cleanse the moisture of the head and of the braines, like as is brought to passe through this course of the Murre, the which the Grecians do call Catarrhum, especially this murre which falleth downe into the nose, do they call Coryzam: of the other two kinds, whence commeth so much badnes, which be salt catarrhes or rheumes, which descend into the throte and vpon the brest, shall be taught at large in their places. We will onely here now discourse of all those maladies that concerne the nose: that this course or running procéedeth out of heate and cold, which is Cholera and Phlegma, that shall be shewed at large in the discourse of the paine in the throte in the second part, where is spoken of the catarrhe or rheume. Here is no other thing discouered but onely of the murre, how that that is most caused when one commeth suddenly out of great warmth into cold; and to the contrary, out of great cold speedily into warmth: like as when one runneth bare headed out of the bath into the wind; or as one runneth out of the great cold into the warme stew: and this is also the cause wherefore the people for the most part in the latter end of winter or summer are plagued therewith. Now when this murre or sniuell is salt and biting, then doth it soone cause these accidents, Ozena, Cancer or Polypus▪ therefore the sniuel is not to be estéemed so smal, but rather endeuor by and by to prouoke and moue this defluxion, to the end the matter may be caried out, whereto this fume following is conuenient: Take Cloues, Myrrhe, Frankinsence; odoriferous fruites and herbes, as Quinces and their parings, Rue, Marioram gentle, and such like. Lotions for the feete are also very fit for this purpose, like as followeth: Take Sage, Lauander, Betony, field mints, or any other, thrée or foure handfuls, séeth them in water, and put the féet therein, vse it oftentimes, and méetly deepe.

The cleansing of the head.

IN all the former cases, the most principall remedy was alwayes to cleanse the head and the braines, whereto this water following is very good: Take foure ounces of the iuice of wild

Cucumbers, Salarmoniacke powned small, halfe an ounce tempered in a glasse, and fill it halfe ful with water, stir it oftentimes about, and snuffe it vp into the nose in the morning fasting fiue or sixe times together warme, and do this alwayes about the second day. This openeth all ob∣structions that hinder smelling, whether it be in impostumes or vlcers of the nose: it draweth also the matter out and consumeth it, and it strengtheneth all the instruments that are created for smelling.

Item take the iuice of Marioram and Penniroyall, of each one ounce, Muscus two graines, vse it as before. Make also this powder following: Take Penniroyall, Marioram and Nep, of each one drag. Graines thrée drag. powne all and bind them in a fine cloth, and smel oftentimes to it.

Take oile of Violets, oile of Saffron, of each thrée drag. Ireos, long Pepper, Euphorbium, of each two graines, make a salue thereof with a little waxe, whereof you shall take the quantity of a pease, and annoint it in the nose when you go to bed, it purgeth and clenseth the braines.

Some do vse Hellebore or Pepper for the nose, but it is not without danger, for it troubleth too much the braines: but how and through what meanes the head is to be clensed with néesing, looke in the first and second Chapters of the paine in the head.

Of the excessiue bleeding at the Nose. §. 7.

THe excessiue bléeding at the nose hath diuers causes, which were too long to dis∣couer them all at this present time, it only sufficeth vs to shew the inward and outward causes: as concerning the outward causes of bléeding, are blowes, fals, thrusts, sore labour, and the heate of the sunne: all these things do open the veines, and make subtile blood, which is easily mooued to runne out. The causes thereof can easily be perceiued and inquired of the patient. The inward causes be superfluity, sharpnes and heate of the blood, the which is ouer all the whole body, head, liuer, milt, wombe and other places.

In like maner also through agues and other great sicknes, through paine of the head, a forci∣ble expulsiue power, and féeblenesse of the retentiue vertue, in full bodies and abounding of blood is the bléeding at the nose requisite, it emptieth the head and other parts. In Phthisi and other sicknesses moe, it is commaunded to prouoke it, whereof shall be more at large spoken in other places. Therfore if there be perceiued an vnburthening through this bléeding at the nose, then it is a good signe of health: like as to the contrary a sudden and excessiue bléeding is very dangerous, and a signe of death. But if this bléeding happen through any bruising of the skin of the braines, then it is very hard, yea in danger neuer to be holpen.

And whensoeuer the bléeding is aboue 48. ounces, then it is a bad token, and yet badder if it do surpasse it: if it come then vnto twenty or 24. pound, euery pound reckoned at twelue oun∣ces, then must death follow after it immediatly.

In like sort the signes of death are, if the bléeding person be not onely of a bleake colour, but also darke, gréene or leady coloured.

An order of diet.

THis bléeding at the nose commeth through some causes that require alwayes a good order of life to be obserued. For this purpose is this most common, that those things be alwaies vsed that coole the blood, and make it thicke: if there be any agues with it, then must light things be vsed (which be cooling) as Lettice, Purslain, Endiue, small Endiue, vineger, veriuice. Is then the bléeding strong and vehement? to the end it might once be stayd, vse Beanes, Pease, Lentils, Rie, Colewoorts, Chéese, Beefe, Hares and Harts, also thicke red wine, all hot spices, white wine (if so be that they be not well watred) are to be eschewed.

Now we will shew how the blood is to be stanched.

For to performe the same, there be sixe kind of meanes: first, by the foresaid cooling things (which be to be eaten) these things following are to be dropt into the nose, and laid thereon: in like maner also vpon the forehead, the iuice of Lettice, of Housléeke, of Nightshade, corne Ro∣ses or Nettles: in like maner the water of water Lillies, of Cichory, of Roses, and Cumin

water: Also the herbe of Poppy, Willow leaues, or their iuice. Item also Horstaile, Shepherds purse, vineger and Camfere, and if it be very great néed, Opium: for these things altogether make thick blood, that it cannot run so hastily out of the veines. It is also good to irrigate his head with cold water, so long continuing vntill his head be so cold, that he get thereby a shiuering and shaking, or trembling. In fine, to kéepe the head cold, & not to stir it much, is very commodious: also wet a cloth or napkin in cold water, in vineger, or in Rose water, wring it not out too hard, and wrap it so about the necke.

Item take the whites of twelue egs, powned Allume foure ounces, beate it well together, wet a cloth in it, and wrap it about the neck, about the forehead and temples, afterwards take Hares haire, or the haire of a Roebuck, stop the nostrill full thereof, and that at the first.

Also it is commended that both the thombes and their armes be bound hard about the el∣bowes; but let them not be bound too hard, but being sometimes made loose, to bind them a∣gaine.

Or make one of these plaisters, take the iuice of Nightshade six ounces, Rose water one ounce and a halfe, Barly meale as much as is néedfull for to make a plaister, lay this vpon the liuer, if the blood run forth of the right nostrill.

The second meane to stanch the blood effected with stopping things, as the iuice of Sloes, red Coral, Momy, Aloe, Horstaile, Amber, Bloodstones, Hippocystis, Bolus, flowers of Pomegranats, Lentils, gals, Sumach, Shepherds purse, Medlers, Seruices, Quinces, peares, and other soure peares amongst the compounded things, Trocisces de Carabe, Terra sigillata, which foresaid things all that be of this nature do draw and shut the veines together.

For this are also meet these plaisters following, take the iuice of Plantaine and Rose water, of each two ounces, vineger halfe an ounce, and the white of an egge, sealed earth, or in the stéed thereof time as much as is néedfull for to make it méetly thick: lay it vpon the forehead and the temples of the head.

Another. Take Dragon blood, parched gum, parched starch roses, the iuice of Sloes, Hippocystis, burnt Iuory, the blossoms of Pomegranats, Bolus, sealed earth, bloodstone, red Coral, and Am∣ber, of each one drag. and a half, Poppy seed, Purslane séed, of each one drag. Opium halfe a drag. powne all that is to be powned thereof, and with the iuice of Plantaine make it to a plaister, and vse it as before.

This following is not much vnlike to the former: Take Dragon blood, parched gum, the yel∣low seeds of Roses, the iuice of sloes, Hippocystis, burnt Iuory, blossoms of Pomegranats, Bolus, sealed earth, bloodstone, red Corall, of each one dragme and a halfe, Poppy séeds, Purslane séeds, burnt Harts horne, ashes of gals, Cipers nuts, of each one drag. beate them all small, and mixe them amongst the other with the iuice of Plantaine, afterwards make small cakes of it; when you will now vse it, then beate it to powder and blow it into the nostrils: but you may vse it as a plaister for to lay vpon the forehead and temples of the head.

Item take well beaten Momy as much as you please, mixe it with copwebs and the white of an egge, dip cotton or lint in it, and then stop it into the nose. First take Harts bones, burnt I∣uory [ 1] Dragon blood, Verbascum powned with vineger, temper the foresaid powder amongst it, according to that you will haue of it little or much put it into the nose, all these things stanch blood, tempered together or each alone, or mixe Aloe with the white of an eg, vse it as aforesaid. Item take the whites of foure egs well braied and tempered amongst Aloe one drag. Frankin∣sence one quarter of an ounce, Dragon blood and fine Bolus, of each halfe a drag. vse this, yet putting therein Hares haire made wet.

Secondly, take wel brayed whites of egs, and temper Gips or plaister amongst them, so that [ 2] it waxe a pap, then lay it vpon the forehead, take Hares haire, temper it well with the white of egges, and a little Allume, afterwards mixe it with Rose water, or Rose vineger: take powned Horstaile, temper it with Plantaine water or the iuice of Plantaine.

Thirdly, the blood is to be stopt with astringent things, as Dragagant, Gum, Frankinsence, [ 3] Mil dust, whites of egs, and such like, take Tormentill or Pyrola, one of both, this is to be held in the mouth. These astringent things are not oftentimes vsed alone, but commonly tempered with the aforementioned binding and cooling things.

Fourthly, the bléeding is to be inhibited by potentiall cauteries, as Coperas, Orpiment, [ 4] quicke lime, Sal Armoniack, when the same be powdered and blowne into the nose, for they

make an escarre. But this is to be feared, if so be that the blood be not quenched therewith, that it might afterwards bleed the sorer, therefore it is not without great danger to vse this meane.

[ 5] Fiftly, it wil be staunched with those things which haue a proper and hidden vertue for it, as the iuice of Basil, but especially Asse dung and Hogs dung are said to be good for it (be it of what soeuer cause that the bleeding be prouoked) if the same be but of it self alone held before the nose, and so let smell thereto: and also the same tempered with the iuice of broad Plantaine, and an∣nointed in the nose, or burnt to ashes and blowne therein, or a plaister made thereof and laid on the top of the nose:* 1.50 this plaister is also méete against the excessiue termes or flowers of women, put into the necke of the wombe, and also applied to their priuities.

This is also very good: Amber, Purslaine, garden Mints, and their iuice with copwebs, thrust vp into the nose.

[ 6] Sixtly, the blood will be stanched if one let it out on the contrary side, the which is effected if one open the Median or liuer veine, as also many learned Phisitions do affirme, that they haue for the bléeding of the nose not approoued any thing more better nor certainer than to open the veine vpon the hand or on the foote, and then to drinke two scruples of Philonium Persicum with Purslaine water: they haue also, as hath bene said, powdered Troc. de Carabe and blowne into the nose.

It is also very good to set boxing cups on the shoulders and on the legs, vnderstanding well, that if the blood run out of the right nostril, then set the boxes vnpickt vpon the liuer: if it run out of the left nostril, vpon the Milt in the left side: also the legs, the armes and the breast are to be bounden, to rub the outward members, and also vnder the armpits and other places of the body with burnt nettles for to draw therewith the blood downewards.

Besides all these aforesaid, I am to manifest one remedy more that excéedingly stoppeth al∣so bléeding: Take sleckt lime, make a plaister thereof with vineger, lay it ouer the nose, it will stop presently. Others suppose also that this lime is to be blowne into the nostrils, or made vp with the white of an egge, to be so put with a taint into the nose. This also (as some suppose) wil the wooll or flaxe do, that flieth from the herbe Carduius Benedictus, cut small and thrust into the nose.

Item it hath bene oftentimes found, that an extreme frighting hath caused blood by and by to stanch and cease for that the blood runneth then towards the hart. In this also hath superstition and vnbeleefe taken place, whensoeuer one holdeth in his hand a dead mans bone, and the mosse that groweth vpon a dead bodies scalp be stopt into y^e nose, then is the blood stanched out of hand. In like maner also, albeit that it be somewhat more naturall, if one lay the mosse of the blacke (or sloe) thorne in the shooes and go thereon, it doth stanch blood.

Item take broade Plantaine and the iuice of Shepheards purse, of each thrée ounces, prepa∣red Bloodstone, fine Bolus, sealed Earth, Dragon blood, of each one dragme and a half, spread it on a cloth, and lay it on the place of the nose where the bloud cometh, and refresh it oftentimes. Or take beaten Beane meale, temper it with the white of an egge, and vse it as before. It com∣meth also otherwhiles to passe (and is also no wonder) that such superfluous blood of the nose doth bring swouning with it; for the which are sicke persons hands and feete to be rubbed with salt and vineger, to bind fast the armes and legs, and to bind and vnbind them againe, also to vse other outward meanes, which here afterwards in the second part shall be described for the swouning.

Item if the blood run out at the right nostrel, set a boxing cup vnpickt vpon the Liuer: and so whensoeuer the swouning is past, the Liuer veine is to be opened, or the Salnatella in the left side, & to smel to cold things, as that which is made of Quince peares, and to vse Lettice, Purslaine, Beanes, and other pottages, vntill that the blood waxeth thicke.

For a conclusion, you haue hereafter many remedies in the fifth part for to stanch bloud, which are also good for this purpose.

Enfeebled or lost smelling. §. 8.

THis is no small disease to man, for if one be borne with it, or haue had it long, he is esteemed by the Grecians incurable, vnles it be through continuance of time and with great trouble: neuerthelesse the auncient and latter Phisitions haue imployed all

diligence to deuise all necessary meanes; and first described thrée seuerall kinds thereof. The first kind, where throughly and wholy the smell is lost.

The second is a diminishing of the smell, where a thing is smelt like as it is, yet vnperfectly: and this disease is much more with men then with beasts, for that they be of a moister braine, and all beasts haue their braines much drier, therefore they do also smell sharper and fur∣ther.

The third kind is a corrupted smel, where one receiueth the smel otherwise then it is of it self, like as when one adiudgeth stinking things for odoriferous. The cause that the smell is vtterly lost, is when the conduits that go towards the braines be throughly obstructed, that the aire re∣ceiued cannot come to the skin of the braines, which obstruction may happen through some vio∣lent motion or blowes on the head. Also if about the place and instuments of smelling there in∣gender any wart or fleshly excrescence, or any vlceration: or also through any other grosse humors that will settle there, and stop vp the conduits of smelling. Lastly through repletion of the head and of the whole body.

The cause of the diminishing of the smelling is as before, but is not so great: it may also be caused by cold or by hot medicines, which be vsed at the nose. The cause of a corrupted smell is a bad moisture, which lieth hidden in the same place, and there maketh stinking vapors: and so may also the canker of the nose be caused and procured.

The signes of the obstructions are, that no moisture commeth out of the nose without paine, vnlesse the braines had some impediment: but if any moisture doth appeare without paine, then doth the same moisture obstruct the conduits of smelling.

If it procéed of heate and drought, then may you perceiue the heate in the forehead and nose: if of cold, it is also discerned by the same places: or if it be some stinking moisture, then doth all stinke that he smelleth vnto, and all what is neare him, also his breath is vnsauory and stin∣king.

Other infirmities or lets are knowne by sight, they may also be discerned by the paine and by the matter. The cure of them all consisteth especially in comforting and cleansing the infirmities of smelling and the braines, whence most commonly all these infirmities do pro∣ceede.

It may also be perceiued by the former reasons, that all these obstructions and sorenesses, the diminishing and losse of smelling doth procéed of humors: now to remedy the same, are you to begin the cure by a good diet, wherefore all meates easie of digestion are best, as broths, yolks of egs, Hares braines, which haue a proper and secret vertue for this infirmity, Pullets, yong Pi∣geons, Partridges, Fesants, Veale, Cawdles, and all of them distilled with Sage, Marioram, Rosemary, and Betony: parched hasel nuts are also very good for this purpose: smal white wine shall be his drink, neither may you omit to purge the body: if the sicknesse be caused of cold, then is he to be purged as hath bin said in the second chapter and first §. of the cold paine of the head; but if blood and heate do cause it, then are you to procéed as hath bin shewed in the first chapter and sixt §.

Afterwards you are to cleanse the head with néesing in them that haue lost their smelling without any excrescence of flesh or sorenesse of the nose: for which purpose you may looke the se∣cond chapter & second §. also in the sixt §. of this present chapter: but these simples are especially to be vsed for it, to wit, Amber, Rosemary, Cinnamom, Cloues, Lignum Aloes, Nigella, to which he must smell often and long, for they open the obstructions of the head; which is also effected with these dried herbes following; namely, Rue, Germander, field Cipers, Nep, and Marioram: but for to prouoke sternutation or néesing, take Lignum Aloes, pepper, and Stauesacre. Also the vapor of boiling vineger receiued into the nostrils very oftē is of good effect, for because the same hath a biting nature, it doth moue néesing. Also you may seeth one of these things following in wine, and receiue the vapor as is said into the nostrils.

Take Calmus, Gentian, Bay leaues, Penniroyal, field mints, Annise and Fennel séeds, parsly, and roots of Smallage: or receiue often in one day the vapor of warme water wherein Melilot or Fumitory be decocted, the water of Asarabacca or of Elder is also good for this vse. Also the séeds of Nigella bounden in a cloth, caried with him and smelt oftentimes vnto it; the same strewed vpon hot coles, and to receiue the fume of it.

Item take the powder of Nigella, Ireos, of each 3. quarters of an ounce, Marioram gentle,

Cammomill, Bay leaues, Nep, Stechas, of each halfe a handfull; séeth all in sufficient water vntill about the third part be wasted: mixe the powders amongst it, and draw thereof into the head, it doth clense the head very wel. Also this pouder following may be prepared: Take Nar∣dus seed which hath lyen a day and a night in sharp vineger and is dried againe, one ounce, Be∣uercod and Nutmegs, of each one drag. and a half, red and white Behen, Galingal, white pep∣per, Marioram and Nep, of each a scrup. Costus roots, Sagapenum, the seed of Rue and Basill, of each one ounce; stampe each apart, and bind it being tempered in a péece of Syndall, and smell oftentimes vnto it. This is good against all hinderance of the smelling which commeth through coldnesse, be it with or without obstructions.

Pomanders.

TAke red Storax, Nutmegs, Cucubes, Cloues, Nardus séed, Lignum Aloes, Indy Spica and Cinamom, of each one drag. Muscus and Amber of each one scruple, Laudanum one ounce, make a Pomander thereof, like as there be many described in the sixt part, and is also taught how the same is to be made. Or vse Cammo∣mil, Melilot, Rue, Marioram, decocted in half wine half water. But if these things will not helpe, then take the iuice of blew Flower deluce, and a little beaten Piretrum, annoint that, or stop it into the nose: do the like with oile of Spike, wherin is tempered a litle Euphorbium and Muscus, for both of them be strong and hot.

This following is commended for a worthy receit, whereas the smelling is lost: Take small powned Nardus séed, temper it with oile of Oliues, bend the head backward as much as is pos∣sible, and let thrée or foure drops fall into the nose, but take the mouth full of water, to the end the oile may run the lesfe into the mouth. Item take Nardus séed which hath lyen thrée dayes in vineger, and is dried againe, one quarter of an ounce, stéepe them in thrée ounces of the iuice of Marioram gentle, or at the least in faire water, and vse it as aforesaid thrée or foure times be∣twéene day and night, and so shall you see maruels. Take oile of Tiles, like as shall be described hereafter, halfe an ounce, Muscus two graines, stroke them in the nose being made warme. The gargarismes are also commodious, like as here followeth: Take Radish, Marioram, Calmus, Betony, Penniroyall, of each halfe a M. let them seeth in a pint and a halfe of wine, vntil about the third part be sodden away; put thereto as much hony as you please, Mustard séed, Piretrum, of each one drag. vse it in the morning. The like also gargarized with decocted Rue and Hyssop, also Piretrum, Masticke and Zeduary, or one of these, are to be taken and chewed in the mouth, and to spet out the moisture: likewise is also very good to strew this powder following vpon the head.

Take Briony, Lignum Aloes, graines, of each one drag. Marioram gentle, Cloues, of each one quarter of an ounce, Beuercod one scrup. Muscus, Amber, of each one graine and a halfe, pow∣ned apart, and then mixed: of this powder take foure graines, and strew it vpon the head before where the haire beginneth to the crowne of the head.

For conclusion: because amongst the foresaid remedies there be some violent, which may prouoke much paine in so precious a member as the nose is; therefore droppe therein when the paine is too great, the oile of Gourds séed, and poure warme water vpon the head, that will asswage the heate and paine: so will also all whatsoeuer cooleth and moisteneth, whether it be vsed inwardly or outwardly, or stopt inwardly into the nose: like as for example, a cloth made wet in Rose water and laid vpon the nose, or Rose water drawne vp into the nose.

Oyle of Tiles or Brickes, called Oleum Philosophorum.

THis oile is worthy for her vertues sake, that it should be here described: for it is not onely good for the lost smelling, but also for all cold sicknesses, for it is warme and piercing, it consumeth all though moisture of the members, and expelleth all swelling: it is also very good against the falling sicknesse, swimming of the head, the dead palsie, losse of memory, crampe, and paine of the backe, and against all manner of goutes: it is also highly commended in all diseases of the milt, the

bladder, and of the kidneyes, in all vlcers, lepry, scals and fresh wounds. This oile is made as hereafter followeth.

Take a very old Tile or Bricke, beate it in péeces as big as Walnuts, make it glowing hot, cast one peece after another in old Sallad oyle, leaue them therein so long, vntill they be well soked through with the oile; afterwards beate them to fine powder, and put them in a glasse helme, the which is cleane ouer well luted, lute also the helme and the recipient, afterward di∣still it in sand or ashes, but first with a mild fire augmenting the same a little; the oile which commeth out of it, preserue it well stopt.

The ninth Chapter. Of the Eares.

THere be more parts of the face, to wit, the Eares, in truth precious and necessary members, the which nature hath ordained as instruments for receiuers and iudges of the voice and their noise, whereof as well men as beasts haue alwayes twaine, on each side of the head one, that alwayes stand open, because that as well sleeping as waking we haue néed of hearing. They be also outwardly shapen with diuers crooked en∣trances, to the end they may receiue much aire, and noise might retaine and discerne the same the longer: which crooked wayes are also meet for this, that there may not easily fall any thing therein, which otherwise might befall if the entrance were right out, whereto is alwayes the moistnes in the entrance of the eares, which we cal the waxe of the eares, and is as it were birdlime, to the end that the smal flies, fleas, and other such like that would otherwhiles creepe into the eares, might be first stayd therin. It is also very seldome seene that men can stir their eares, the which neuerthelesse is seene in all fourefooted beasts.

The eares are also subiect to many kind of diseases, the which are diuided by the learned into three principall kinds.

The first is when any one is wholy and throughly bereft of his hearing, the which we call with one word deafnesse.

The second is when the hearing is diminished or weakened, like as when one heareth not but when one calleth alowd to him.

The third kind is when the hearing only is lost or altered, like as one thinketh that he heareth one pipe, sing, rush or any thing else, the which in truth is not so.

But of this and of other moe that concerne the eares, we will write thereof more at large.

The causes which may hurt both these, are almost incurable, some be naturall, some also through some outward and inward accidents, to wit, as to come out of too hot or too cold ayre, sudden alteration of cold or heate, from warme water to cold water, or any thing else that might come into the eares, as thrusting, falling, striking, wounds, beasts that may créepe there∣in, vnslackt lime, &c. In like maner also disturbance of the braines, of the head, and of the whole body, rheumes of the head, and chiefly cold, toothach, paine of the sinewes, and of other members which do touch the hearing: or impostumations, swellings, and wormes that do grow in the eares. All these and other moe haue their speciall signes. If the deafnesse or diminishing of the hearing procéed of outward causes, the same may be well demaunded of the patient: Doth it come from the braines? then will also the sight, smelling, and especially the tast be annoyed. If it be caused through hot impostumes, or swelling of the sinewes, then is there intolerable paine, panting, trembling, and some frensie with it, yea hot agues, and lastly death it selfe, if so be that there be not some good aduise taken for it in time. If it be caused through cold humors, there is then impostumation and cold alwayes about the same places. Be winds the causes? then is there alwayes some sissing with it. Impostumations do yéeld matter: wormes may be perceiued by their stirring or rumbling, and if otherwhiles one fall out: what now concerneth the description of their remedies, our beginning shall be first of all of the paine of the eares, and afterwards of all other infirmities of the eares.

Paine of the Eares in generall. §. 1.

FIrst it is herein to be noted, that the paine of the eares is not rightly nor proper∣ly spoken; for that which toucheth the outward part of the eare, the same can suf∣fer no great paine: and although the paine were great, yet is there no danger of life with it, for that they be no principall members of the life: neuerthelesse this is wont to be called, the paine in the eares which is within the head, and in the instruments of the hearing, as in the sinewes of the hearing, which are néere vnto the braines, and are knit therewith; of which intolerable paine deadly agues and frensies do procéed. There∣fore we will here expresse sundry remedies for the strengthening and cleansing of the braines, from whence these terrible accidents do come, like as already hath bene done in the description of the head, in the first and second Chapter, and more yet where we haue discoursed of the pose or murre, that for this are especially these following gentle cleansings of the head commaunded to be vsed.

Take two ounces of Marioram gentle, white wine one ounce, the séeds of Licebane, Piretrum, of each one scrup. temper it and drop it into the eares: such cleansing of the head is not to be spa∣red, as long as the paine of the eares or head endureth. Or when he perceiueth that it will come againe, it is forthwith to be preuented and cut off: but if the paine get the vpper hand, which is caused through blood, the which the red and swolne face with beating of the braines doth shew; then is the head veine on the same side where the paine is to be opened, that the matter may be drawne downewards.

If there run any choler amongst it, then may the same be purged with yellow Mirobalans, sower Dates, sirupe of Roses, Cassia, de Succo Rosarum. After both these remedies following, or one of both are to be vsed outwardly.

Take oile of Roses, of Willow leaues, of each a like much, temper a litle vineger amongst it, and drop it lukewarme in the eares. Or take warme womans milke like as it cometh from the breast, and dropt it oftentimes therein. Both of them do slacke the heate, and asswage the paine. For this is also good the braied white of an egge, tempered with a little oile of Violets and some Camfere: others do vse oile of water Lillies alone, or tempered with others.

A generall rule of the outward applications into the Eares.

FOrasmuch as now it is of much importance, how that is to be vsed which is to be put into the eares, therefore we will (before we run any further) declare this rule following. First there ought nothing to be dropt into the eares before that the body and especially the head be purged: but before we come to this, he may vse the fomentations, bags, vapors, and plaisters that are to be vsed most safely: for this application hath alwayes some more danger in causing some obstruction or stopping. And if so be that with them nothing can be effected, then is the im∣position to be attempted; yet the eares are first of all to be cleansed with clothes: also there is no∣thing to be put therein, which by nature is either too hot or too cold, but al whatsoeuer is middle, meane and lukewarme: also not too much, but from one to foure drops, and to hold the same not aboue thrée houres in the eares; howbeit neuertheles others do suppose this time to be too short, for that the medicine in so short time cannot performe his operation, therefore do they prescribe sixe or eight howers. In the imposition shall the patient lie vpon his whole eare, yet not to drop it in, if so be that it be not first run out: the which through néesing, crying, strong blowing of the nose is done. And this is also to be noted, that there is neuer any repelling medicines therein to be vsed, to the end that the paine be not driuen to the braines. Now for to come to the hot pains of the eares, then take the water of Purslaine, grated Gourds (the iuice prest out) temper them, or vse each alone like as is already taught.

Or take the séeds of Gourds, Melons, Pompions and Cucumbers, of each one drag. and a halfe, beate them and seeth them in sixe ounces of vineger vntill that two ounces be consumed; straine them through a cloth, and vse them like as all the other.

Take the iuice of Housleeke, oile of Roses, of each halfe an ounce, and temper them: or take

the iuice of Roses, of Housleeke, of each halfe an ounce, oile of Sesamum two drag. temper them togither. Or take the oile of Roses two ounces, sharpe vineger halfe an ounce, let them seeth vn∣til the vineger be sodden away, then temper therin Philonium Romanum one quarter of an ounce, and rub it in and about the eares.

Take the iuice of Housléeke, temper it with womans milke and vse it. Also you may take the iuice of Peach leaues, tempered with a little vineger.

Item take a small glasse with a narrow neck, put therein the fresh leaues of Violets halfe ful, put more vnto it afterwards twenty Ants egges, and then fill full the glasse with the foresaid Violet leaues, stop it tight: bury it the space of sixtéene dayes in the ground wherein Ants are; afterwards wring them out, and drop thereof into the eare: and if one perceiue thereby no amendment, and that the paine be yet augmented, then are stronger things to be vsed for it as followeth.

Take Opium one scrup. oile of Roses one ounce, temper them together, and drop a litle thereof in the eare, it asswageth the paine and procureth sléepe: but do this but seldome, for we haue of∣tentimes warned you from the Opium. The same may you also do with the iuice of Southern∣wood, with the foresaid oile. In like maner also garden Snailes decocted in the oile of Almonds. Eyewaters may also be vsed for this, which are ordained for the hot and sharp paine of the eies, like as here before in the seuenth Chapter, in the fourth and fifth §. is declared, if so be that the paine be intolerable.

This plaister following is very highly commended for all paine of the eares: Take dry Vio∣lets and Cammomil, of each one ounce; temper amongst it well decocted and beaten Henbane roots, with Barly meale, of each one ounce and a halfe, the fat of Hens one ounce, oile of Cam∣momill as much as is néedful; let them séeth thicke together, and lay it vpon the eares, and vpon the temples of the head: when it is cold, then lay another vpon it that is warme. It must also not be neglected to rub the patient softly behind his eares with the foresaid oile, being made lukewarme, once or twise a day. But if the occasion of this paine be through cold, then parch first Millet and salt vpon the fire, and lay it warme ouer it in a cloth, and purge the patient, like as hereafter shall be taught of the diminishing of hearing.

For to put into the eares, are to be taken these things following which are extant or in readi∣nes, as oile of Baies, oile of Costus, oile of Radish séeds, the iuice of Marioram gentle, the which also is good each apart, or mixed and dropt therein. Also oile of Rue, oile of Spike, of Beuercod, and of Behen: the eares are to be rubbed round about with the salue of Martiaton, and couered with vnwasht sheepes wooll, and to do this twice in 24. houres.

Take oile of Roses or of Egs, and the iuice of Sage, of each two ounces, stampe therein one or two Scarabées (which are of the small beasts that fly abroad in the euening with or without hornes) also as many Earthwormes washt in wine, seeth this by a soft fire vntil all the moisture be wasted: afterwards straine it through a cloth, and drop thereof in the eare euery morning and euening lukewarme two or thrée drops.

Item temper Beuercod with womans milke, vse it as aforesaid: if this help not so soone, then take Ants, bruse them and temper them with womans milke: the iuice of Radish dropt therein the space of thrée dayes shall also take away the paine.

Take the iuice of Pauls betony, of strawberry leaues, of Sage, of Housléeke, of each one ounce, Mastick and Frankinsence of each one drag. and a halfe, temper them together; the decoction of Coleworts two ounces: drop thereof into the eare, should also take away all paines.

Of the order of life or diet.

VVHereas we haue shewed many causes of the disease in the eares, yet can there no cer∣taine order or rule be yeelded for it. But one must direct him according to the quality or importance of the cause.

But generally whereas paine or impostume of the eares be approching, then must one kéepe him alwayes sober in eating and drinking, and to eschew all that which ascendeth to the head, whereof is already sufficiently expressed: also all that maketh wind, as pottages, moist fruite, cheese, smoked and salted flesh, vnleauened bread, and great fishes, small or watered wine is he to drinke, and to eate roast meate: Comin, Annise, Caraway, and Fennell are very requi∣site

for all diseases of the eares which procéed through cold: so also is prepared Coriander after meate.

Of the noise and hissing in the eares. §. 2.

THis disease hath many causes, as blowes without wounds, ouermuch vomiting, great stirring of the head and the whole body, great cold or heat, wind, moisture of the head, or the impostumation of any other member: but the principallest cause of this sissing is, that the vapor and winds of the braines do fall into the eares; and according to the importance thereof, do forcibly rush like water, which either continueth alwaies without intermission, or at some times also ceaseth. Now pretermitting many subtil differences; this hissing procéedeth most through the feeblenes or imbecility of hea∣ring, by reason it is not throughly cléere and cleane, so that it may be thereby knowne, to wit, that it is lesse perceiued fasting and when one is hungry, than when one hath eaten; for that the ascending vapors of a full stomacke do much take away all such purenesse in hearing.

This hissing must be preuented betimes, for that when it endureth continually, it is not to be cured through good gouernement and necessary medicines; then commonly followeth after it a perfect deafnesse: and for this are commonly vsed these following: Pillulae de Hiera, Mastichi∣nae, Cochiae, Sine quibus, de Agarico, and Trocisci de Agarico. These diseases of the head be cleansed with the things which are described in the first §. of the paine of the eares through neesing and otherwise.

Certaine auncient Phisitions haue more violently dealt with it, and aduised to temper two graines of Opium in oile and to put it into the eares, but the same is so perilous that some therby haue remained vtterly deafe: but if Opium must needs be vsed, then is this more safe.

Take Opium, Beuercod, of each one graine, breake them with one quarter of an ounce of vi∣neger, and drop a drop or twaine into the eares: yet is this following much safer.

Take Sallad oile wherein Poppy séed and Mirtle séed are decocted, and vse it as is expressed. But if the sissing come with anguish of the head, and specially through cold causes, féeblenesse of the hearing and windy vapors, whether it be from the stomack, the wombe, or any other parts of the body, then vse for it the iuice of Marioram with womans milke.

Vse also which of these oyles you will, as the oile of Radish séed, of Bayes, of Roses (wherein some Beuercod is mixed) of Mustard séeds, Costus, and of Sesamum, and aboue all is the oile of bitter Almonds commended. In like sort these things following which haue the same efficacy are to be vsed, temper Radish water with oile of Bayes, the iuice of great Harts toong with ho∣ny, the iuice of an Onion alone stéept well in Rue water, afterwards take bitter Almonds and the iuice of Rue, of each halfe an ounce, and prepared Euphorbium bruised small and tempered a∣mongst it: but if so be that these foresaid things do not helpe, then it is a token that this sissing of the eares proceedeth of a great moisture which lieth inclosed in the pannicles, which couer the braines.

And then must the braines be oftentimes purged with the pils of Hiera cum Agarico, and Pillulae Cochiae and to take them in the euening after meate. Will you then according as it is aduised vse preparatiue potions before? then take Oximel, and Oximell of Squils, hony of Ro∣ses, sirupe of Betony and of Stechas (which you thinke good) each time one ounce and a halfe, or two ounces, tempered with the water of Baulme or such like, continuing this thrée or foure mornings one after another. After the purging take Marioram gentle, Stechas, Sea-mints, Wormewood, Marioram, of each half a M. seeth them, and let the warme vapor go into the eares.

Item, take Rosemary, Sage, Betony, Cammomill, Marioram gentle, of each a little sod∣den together, and vsed as aforesaid. Item, for this is also good, the vapor of vinegar wherein Wormwood is decocted: also the iuice of Onions and of Rue decocted in oile, and two or thrée drops put into the eare; boile the Betony alone in wine, and let the vapor go into the eare: the iuice of Marioram put into the eare oftentimes in the day, driueth away all sissing of the eares, which cometh through any wind or cold matter, and hindreth sléepe.

We haue before shewed how to mixe Euphorbium in the oile of bitter Almonds, for which one may take the oile of Elderne, of Rue, of Cammomill and Dill, also of Licebane, Peach

kernels, oile of Walnuts, of Bayes, or which you will: or you may vse one of these foresaid which you will alone or with oile of Beuercod, and of Euphorbium, which is not so hot. Item take the gall of an Oxe, or of a Shéepe, the oile of bitter Almonds, of each half an ounce, the iuice of onions or of garlik and hony, of each one quarter of an ounce, temper them and vse them as is aforesaid. Take oile of Spike (at the Apothecaries) and the iuice of Onions, of each a like much, vse it warme as before, it is very forcicble.

Item take one dragme and a halfe of Aristologie, temper it together with the iuice of Bayes, and vse it as before.

Hissing in the Eares with bad hearing.

TAke white Hellebore, Beuercod, of each one dragme, Rue, Saltpeter, long Pepper, of each two scruples, Euphorbium one scruple, the iuice of Radish and Garlicke, the oile of sweet and bitter Almonds, oile of Dill, of Cammomill and Nardus, of each one ounce, let them séeth alone in a pot of water vntil the iuice be consumed: afterwards straine them through a cloth, and drop two or thrée drops in the eare with a chip or slice of Cipers wood, whereon is laid a good deale of the stamped leaues of Maioram. These little Cipers boordes are very highly commended of famous Phisitions, made warme and laid alwaies before meate vpon the disea∣sed eare and temples vntil it be cold, and this continued so long vntill the hissing be gone away: also when one goeth to sléepe he may lie downe vpon his eare, putting alwaies the stampt Mar∣ioram vnto it.

And if any body through the great hissing cannot sléepe, then is he to prepare this bagge fol∣lowing, and after that it hath layen certaine howers in lie, to wash and rubbe himselfe there∣with.

Take the innermost of the Coloquint, field Cipers, Asarabacca, Centory, of each one handfull, Maioram, field milts, Penniroiall, of each two handfuls, water mints one handful and a halfe, chop it small, and make two bags thereof: lay them in lie and wash your head therewith, after∣wards wring them out wel, and lay them warme vpon the head, or on the hissing eare. It is an approoued remedy.

Item in like manner may you take a drie bag for to hold before the eare, to wit, of Betony, Stechas, Marioram gentle, and Cammomil, lay these warme vpon the eare. Take Mastick half an ounce, Piretrum one drag. beate it smal, and temper it with as much hony of Roses that you may forme Trociscos thereof, chew it in the mouth and spet it out againe: they do draw much slime out of the head.

Treacle and Mithridate are not only good against this hissing, but also against al the diseases of the eares and hearing: therefore it is commanded in the disease for to take after purging one dragme of fine Treacle with conserue of Buglosse.

After meate you shal vse Mermelade or any such like that detaineth the ascending vapors out of the stomacke towards the head: it is also commended not to eate much in the euening, nor to drinke late: but rather to take a spoonfull of Caraway séed (which is stéeped in vineger) and so go to bed, or you may vse also Annise, Fennell, and prepared Coriander.

What meates are to be refrained.

BEware of all whatsoeuer doth ascend vpwards towards the head, as Garlick, Mustard, Onions, Horseradish, nuts, strong wine, and all that is made of dow and milke; of Cole∣worts, sodden fish, and especially from Eeles and Tenches, also from all broths, but espe∣cially in the euening: also it were not amisse euery fourth day before the supper, or two or thrée houres after, to take these pils following.

Take Beuercod fiue graines, pils of Sarcocolla halfe a drag. washed Aloe one quarter of an ounce, make pilles thereof with the iuice of Nep; after this vse the vapor described in this §. where it beginneth: Take Marioram gentle, Stechas, &c. afterwards this bag or cap laid vp∣pon the head, that both the eares euen to the necke be couered therewith: Take Nep, marsh Mint, Penniroyall, Marioram and Rue, all drie, of each one handfull, Mace halfe an ounce, Ameos, Borage séeds, and Caraway, of each halfe a handful, two white Poppie heads, stampe

all these to powder, and make thereof a cap or bag.

Another. Take Asarabacca, Nep, Penniroyall, Stechas, of each one handfull and a halfe, Spiknard, Spica Romana, Rosemary flowers, Basill, Lignum Aloes, of each half a drag. Mace half an ounce, powne this together, and make a cap thereof; make it warme betwéene two Cipers boords, and lay it on the head as before. Capitall powders are also commended for this purpose: Take Lignum Aloes, Cucubes and Cloues, powne each apart, and strew this in the haire on the top of the whole head, as is taught before.

Will you then haue a mixt or compounded powder? then take one quarter of an ounce of Lignum Aloes, Spica Indica, Cucubes and Cloues, of each one dragme, Sandaraca and Roses, of each two dragmes, Mace thrée dragmes, make thereof a powder; strew this vpon the head two howers after supper, and early in the morning, like as is said. Whereto all such patients are of∣tentimes to smel, is sufficiently alleaged here before in the eight Chapter and eight §. in the di∣minishing or lost smelling.

Of the binding or rubbing in the hissing of the Eares.

FOr this rushing or hissing of the eares is very good that the shoulders euen vnto the rump; and the knées vnto the feete, be forcibly rubbed and chafed downewards so long vntill they be through red.

It is also very commodious to bind them hard & againe quickly to make loose and vndoo them: also to bind hard the brawne beneath the knees, and then afterwards ascending by little & little, euen to the very priuities.

In like maner are also good for this, boxing cups without picking, applied from the buttockes vpwards euen to the shoulders.

Lastly if there appéere in the face or on the temples any extuberating, then can it not be ill to let two or three ounces of blood out of the Median. To these we wil adde a very old superstition, whereof Plinius hath written 1500. yeares ago, which is, When ones right eare itcheth, then is there somewhere some good thing spoken of him: but if any ones left eare itch, then is there some ill speaking of him: which misbeleefe continueth with many euen to this present day.

Impostumes and sores in the Eares. §. 3.

IT hapneth very seldom that nature accustometh to purge her superfluous moi∣sture through the impostume of the eares, neuertheles it chanceth in yong new borne children which are full of moisture; this appéereth oftentimes in the first described sissing of the eares, but when this hath ceased and abideth away, yet cometh againe and endureth the space of three dayes; then it is a signe that there is an impostume of the eares at hand, for which maturatiues must serue, and when it is broken vp, mundification. The running & mattering of the eares is moued through three kinds of causes, to wit, of an impostume, or of some vlcers of the eares, or through any de∣fluxion into the eyes that afterwards falleth towards the eares, and there putrifying, is altered into corruption and matter.

For all these foresaid, a sober life is fit and requisite, whereby this course of matter may be di∣minished. Also the patient must refraine from all grosse and vaporous meates: moderate exer∣cise is meete and commodious for him: he is alwayes to hold the body loose: if he be hot and full of blood by nature, then is his head veine to be opened, in the hand or in the arme. And if so be this (by reason of occasion) might not be compassed, then are boxing cuppes to be set vpon the shoulders, also to purge with the pils Cochiae, and otherwhiles moue néesing, for that it draweth the matter into the nose, whereby it may be easily purged and drawne, for the gargarismes are also very meete which are prescribed in Paralysi: for this are also outward things to be vsed, wherewith the impostumation may quickly be maturated, the matter euacuated, and the vlcer mundified, the which can be by no surer meanes effected then by this: Take oyle of Sesamum half an ounce, Ducks and Hens grease of each one quarter of an ounce, melt them together, and drop them oftentimes in the eare, or vse Hydromell, which is described in the end of the seuenth Chapter.

Item take salt water wherein fish hath bin sodden, or the pickle of salt Oliues, and vse them as before: the same may you do also with the leaues of Betony sodden in wine, which are very good for all paine of the eares: or take the iuice of Harts toong tempered with hony, afterwards are to be vsed one of these things following.

First. This is a commodious plaister for to draw out the matter therewith, take two oun∣ces of Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Turpentine and Waxe, of each half an ounce, Serapine one quar∣ter of an ounce, the iuice of Onions one drag. and a halfe, Myrrhe, Beuercod, of each one drag. dissolue the Gums in a little Wine, and powne all that is to be powned, afterwards mingle them and worke throughly this salue with oyly hands, so that there be made a hard plaister of it.

Another. Take one ounce and a halfe of fine wheate floure, the muscilage of Linséed, of Fe∣negreeke séed, Eeles grease (which droppeth off when they are rosted), gold Litharge, Ceruse, and Frankinsence, of each one drag. make a plaister of it, and lay it all ouer the eare, and rub it also in the eare. Item take fresh Hollihocke roots beaten small, two ounces, Linséed and Fene∣gréeke séed both beaten, of each one ounce, Dill séed and Cammomill of each halfe in ounce: let them séeth somwhat together in butter: afterwards make a soft plaister thereof, and lay it vpon the eare as is aforesaid.

Another, which is not vnlike vnto this former: Take the muscilage of Hollihocke rootes, of Linséeds and Fenegréek seed, of each three dragmes, Lilly roots sodden and stampt as much as is néedfull for a plaister: temper amongst it one ounce of séeds of Dill, two ounces of Cammomil, butter sixe ounces; if it be too thin, let it séeth til it be thicker, annoint al ouer the eare therewith, and lay it vpon it.

But when the paine beginneth to cease, it is then a signe that the impostume is ripe and will break. But for to draw out the matter the better to mundifie and heale, you are then to vse this that hereafter followeth.

Take Sarcocolla, Aloe, Dragon blood, Iron drosse, Verdigrease, Myrrhe and Frankinsence, of each half a dragme, temper al together with vineger, dip a taint therein and put it into the eare. The same doth also the wel knowne salue called Apostolorum, whether it be new or old. Iron drosse alone brused small and tempered with vineger vntill that it be as thicke as hony, rub the same in the eare, it drieth much. The like also doth burnt Allume tempered with hony.

This ensuing is also maruellous good for all kinds of impostumes of the eares: Take hony fiue drag. vineger half an ounce; let them séeth; put thereto one drag. of Verdigrease brused smal: lay it with wool in the impostumated eare. Item, whether you see the impostume in the eare or not, you are to wash the eare with water wherein Willow leaues and Agrimony are decocted and mixt with Oximell. If there be great paine with it, then looke in the first §. chuse there what you please to asswage the same: but if this matter and impostume be caused of a hot corruption, the which may be knowne by the former signes, then is the head veine to be opened, and let him bléed. Lastly also purge, as is alleaged in the paine of the eares through heate, and drop often∣times new womans milke. For this is also good oile of Roses decocted with vineger vntil al the vineger be consumed.

Some do take oile of Roses, of Violets and Vineger, of each halfe an ounce, Henbane séeds halfe a drag. and let them séeth till the vineger be wasted away, then straine it through a cloth: this may be done the first thrée or foure dayes, and then vse this drying and healing salue.

Take Iron drosse as much as you please, make it glowing hot, and then slacke it in vineger, and do this so fiue times together; afterwards take thereof one quarter of an ounce beaten small, and bruise it very small vpon a bruising stone; temper amongst it one ounce and a halfe of the oile of Roses, vineger seuen dragmes, waxe as much as is néedful for to make a soft salue; spread thereof vpon the taint, and stoppe it into the eare, or séeth it in vineger and oile. Take shéepes wooll with the fat called Hyssopus humida, temper therewith as much oile of swéete Al∣monds, and vse it in the eare, it is very wholesome: likewise is also Verueine and Nightshade sodden.

Item take the leaues of Nightshade, beate them very small, temper some salt amongst them, make a plaister thereof, and lay vpon the eares. Take oile of Roses and clarified Hony, of each a like much, temper it well, and drop it in the eare: this is good for all impostumated and sore eares.

Will not the paine cease, but rather increase? then take Opium one scrup. oile of Violets thrée drag. vse it like as in the paine of the eares is expressed in the first §.

Or take two graines of Philonium Romanum, and a little womans milke, drop it in the eare, it asswageth the paine. This is to be laid on the outside, take the muscilage of Linséed and Fene∣greeke séed.

Item take Ducks grease, Hens grease, the suet of Foxes, or which you wil, tempered together with oile of Sesamum, it delayeth the paine.

If the impostume be very hot, temper Goates suet with hony, this maturateth and asswa∣geth the paine. For this is also méete Butter alone, or else tempered with Calues féete oyle and hony.

Item, melt Hony and oyle of Cammomill together, temper some Goose dung amongst it, let it seeth a little, and then wring it through a cloth; this helpeth for the opening of the impo∣stumes. But this ensuing is more better, and more profitable for to maturate and open all im∣postumes.

Take Litharge of gold and Ceruse, of each halfe an ounce, white Rosin, Frankinsence and Mildust, of each one ounce and a half, Sallad oile sixe ounces, Fox grease, Goats suet, and hogs grease (altogether fresh) of each one ounce and a halfe, muscilage of Linseed and of Fenegréeke as much as is néedfull, let them séeth vnto a plaister, and lay it ouer the eares vpon the forehead and temples of the head. You must also kéepe a part soft with the water of the greater With∣wind, and when you will occupie it to mollifie it with Hony and moisten Cotton therein, and so vse it in the eare. But if the impostume do come through cold, the which may be perceiued through the small paine, lesse beating, by cold weather, continuance, and such like, then is he to be purged againe with the pils Cochiae. For this is also méet the forementioned suets & greases, tempered with oile of Spike.

Item take a good handfull of Millet, parch it in a pan that thereby it may lose the moisture, and may warme the better, put it in a bagge and lay it so warme vpon the eare: this doth also parched Bran mixed with Salt: in like maner also dried Betony laid warme in a bag vpon the eare.

Item, hold the eare oftentimes ouer hot water, wherein Mints, Stechas, and Marioram are decocted.

Take Rue, onions, both or each apart, vse them as before. This warmeth also the matter, and prepareth it to breake out. The oile of Hemp séeds dropt into the eare, helpeth also to mundifie. The iuice of Onions and Rue, of each a like much méetly salted, doth much dry the running of the eares: likewise also the iuice of Radishes.

In like sort are requisite for this these iuices ensuing, to wit, that of Daffodils, of shepheards purse, of Verueine, Knotgrasse, each alone or mixed: the iuice of Betony tempered with oile of Roses, and so vsed is very good for all impostumes and paine of the eares.

Item take Beanestraw, seeth it in water and receiue the vapor in the eare, for it is especiall good for all hissing impostumes and paine of the eare which procéed through cold.

But if these foresaid things will not help, then take one ounce and a half of Sallad oile, stéepe one quarter of an ounce of Turbith a whole day therein, then let it séeth somewhat, and temper one ounce of the oile of Lillies amongst it, Euphorbium, Beuercod, of each one drag. vse it as the former: this disperseth the matter mightily.

In like sort it is oftentimes found, that the water which runneth out of the gréene Ash wood layd on the fire, doth helpe maruellously if one let a drop or twaine thereof fall into the eare.

Here before is an oile also described which is made with Béetles, which are called in Latine Scarabaeos, the which in time of need is also to be vsed: these beasts do fly in the euenings alwaies in Sommer.

Item take the salue Basilicum, melt it in the oile of Lillies, or the salue Martiaton molten in the oile of Spike, and rub it all ouer about the impostume.

Bathing is also very méet with warme herbes wherein Stechas, Cammomill and Bay ber∣ries be decocted: but first to purge with the pils Cochiae, otherwise it is not commodious.

And if so be this impostume would fistulate, then temper Oxe gall with as much vrine of a yong boy, and drop it into the eare: or take the oyle of Rue, Hens grease, and Oxe gall, of each halfe an ounce, Swines bread one quarter of an ounce, Comin one drag. both beaten: let these

séeth in two ounces of vineger vntill the vineger be consumed, whereof being strained, you shall twice a day drop into the eare. Item, take wine wherein white Frankinsence is sodden. Another: Take red wine and hony, of each halfe an ounce, white Hellebore one dragme and a halfe, steepe a linnen taint therein, and sticke it in the eare. For this is also good whatsoeuer is described for the fistula of the eye.

Outward sores of the Eares. §. 4.

ABout the eares do also ingender mo kinds of outward swellings, which are called Parotidae or Gemelli. For that commonly there commeth one vnder each eare, chiefly in the time of the plague, whereof is more at large discoursed in the sixt part. These are somewhat perilous, not onely in the time of plague, but also hurtfull for the braines at other times, for that they be causes not only of fran∣ticknes, but also of death. In like maner also if the matter descendeth towards the throte, it doth sometimes cause a squinancy, whereby the patient cometh otherwhiles in great perill, and might be strangled therewith.

These foresaid swellings may procéed from the blood Cholera, Phlegma, and Melancholia: the signes of blood are fulnes and hardnes; if it be wroong with the finger, the place where the finger was sheweth white, and in the twinckling of an eye spreadeth with red: also with heauy breath and ill swallowing. If the griefe do come through Cholera, or of the subtillest blood, then there is a biting paine and great heate, without any impediment either of breathing or swallowing. But if it proceed of Phlegma, then is there a litle paine in the féeling, without heate or great red∣nes. As the other be, the Melancholia giueth great hardnes and little paine, and is leaden co∣loured: these are to be cured as followeth. First, if the patient be of a plethoricke constitution, then the matter of the same is to be auoided & drawne away with Clisters and letting of blood: also to be holpen with setting of cups, especially if there be no headach or Ague at hand, that thereby one do not aggrauate paine with paine: but if there be great paine with it, then vse out∣wardly warming and moistening things, as butter, the yolks of egs, sodden Hollihocke roots, Swines grease, Figs, muscilage of Linséed, of Fenegreeke seed, oile of Oliues, warme water and such like. And if the same swelling incline to maturation, then make a plaister of these things fol∣lowing which are in a readinesse, as Mil dust, Linséed meale, and Fenegréeke meale, or Wheate meale; temper them with water wherein Mallowes, Hollihocke rootes, Figs or Fenegréeke are decocted; these things do mollifie, consume and maturate: when they be ripe they are to be ope∣ned, the matter is to be let out, and the issue so long continued vntill all the vlcer be fresh and well mundified. But if the swelling be caused through cold, then are hotter things to be vsed for to maturate it, as oile of Cammomil, oile of Lillies, and old Swines blood tempered amongst it, or Goates dung, Shéepes dung sodden in wine and a little hony put thereto. This is very for∣cible also, Oxe tallow with hony, oile of Lillies, the iuice of Onions, Linséed oile, Pease meale, and such like tempered together.

But if the malady be old, then must strong things be vsed thereunto, as Ireos, Pigeon dung, of the foresaid grease or tallow of old beasts; for how much older the beast is, so much the better is the grease.

For this is also good Badgers grease, Beares suet, the marrow of Harts bones: of these fore∣said things may plaisters be made: take which you will: of the gum Ammoniacum, the fatnes of Sheepes wooll, Sal gemme, and such like, are you to mixe amongst it.

Of the bleeding at the Eares. §. 5.

THis vnaccustomed bléeding of the eares doth come of falling, or of blowes on the head, but seldome of superfluous blood, but often through very subtile blood, the which openeth the veines in and about the eare: if it come in hot Agues, or in great paine of the head, then followeth great ease afterwards: if it be caused of falling or blowes, then is the head veine to be opened on the same side, for that thereby the blood will be drawne downe and hindered that it congeale not in the eare, and so cause an impo∣stume: if there be paine with it, vse oyle of Cammomill, Wormewood, or the iuice of the same

with so much wine wherein hot bread is stéeped, and so laid ouer all the eare. Item séeth gals in vineger and water, and drop therof in the eare. Take a whole Pomegranate, seeth it in vineger, and wring it out well. Also for this is good Hares grease decocted in vineger. But if you be a∣fraid of any gored or congealed blood in the eares, for that vse the iuice of Garlicke tempered with vineger. If there be any heate with it, then take the iuice of Shepheards purse, the iuice of Plantaine, the iuice of Housleeke, which you will, tempered with wine. These are cooling and astringent.

Item take both the kidneyes of a Stéere or Oxe, with some of the tallow about it; salt it méet∣ly well, let them rost: of the fat which droppeth off, put a little into the eares. All that is also described in the eighth Chapter and seuenth §. of the bléeding of the nose, that is also very fit for this purpose.

Of little wormes that grow in the Eares, and that do creepe into them outwardly, and such like. §. 6.

WOrmes do grow as well in the eares as in the intrailes, although that the same be not so common: these do make an itch with great paine. Besides that, it happeneth oftentimes if one do lie vpon the bad eare, that the wormes do créepe or fall out. Against this are you to vse any of these iuices following; of mints, of Peach leaues, Peach kernels, and water wherein Aloes is dissolued, put of each a droppe in the eare; for that they kil al wormes whether it be that they be growne or crept into them, as fleas or earwigs. The same doth also the iuice of Wormewood, of Lupins, of Caper roots, Coriander roots, which haue therein an especiall property; and also the iuice of gréene nut shels: some do de∣coct in wine a little Hellebore, and so drop it therein. But if these maladies may otherwise be cured, then is the vse of these rootes to be omitted.

Item take burning nettles, stampe them and straine out the iuice, put it into the eares, and giue him to eate of the root, it will help immediatly. Take Aloe halfe an ounce, Coloquint, Aga∣ricus, of each half a drag. beate them togither, and temper them with hot water, bruse them and vse as aforesaid. Take a slice of well tosted bread, hold it to the eare, then wil the wormes, fleas, earwigs and such like come out: or hold the eare wherein the wormes be, on the vapor of hot new milk, then do the wormes créepe after the vapor of the said milke.

Another. Take one quarter of an ounce of Wine, Hony, and oyle of Roses, of each thrée drag. temper them together with the brayed whites of two egs; make cotton moist therein, and stop the eare therewith, lye about an houre on that side, afterwards pluck it suddenly out, then will the worme hang vpon it: the same doth also the wooll steeped in hony. Item set a great boxing cup or glasse on the eare, then will it be drawne out whatsoeuer is within it.

Obstruction or stopping of the Eares through inward and outward causes. §. 7.

IF the eares be stopt, and thereby the hearing hindered, the same must procéed either through an inward or outward cause. The inward cause may be some tough slime or moisture, wormes growing in them, congealed bloud, matter, impostumations, excrescence of flesh, warts, and such like. Outward causes are if there come any thing into them whereof we will speake seuerally. Do now these obstructions procéed of excrescēces, warts, and such like, which one cannot see nor come at with the hand? then is it taken to be incurable: as contrariwise if it may be seene, it may very well be cured, the which is committed to the Chirurgians, otherwise the oyle of Bay, Oxe gall, Hemp oyle, are very good, each vsed apart. If then the stopping be through slime, matter, or any other vncleannes, mollifie it with oyle of bitter Almonds, or drop hony water warme into it two dayes together, and oftentimes vse the one in stéed of the other: after∣wards take a warme tile, sprinkle it with wine, couer it with a cloth, lay the eare vpon it, to the end that the matter may runne out. For this is also good Goats gall tempered with oyle, or Scorpion oyle: for the stopping with wormes you haue heretofore in the sixth §. the reme∣dies.

If any thing be gotten into the Eares from without. §. 8.

THese things are of two sorts, as it also happeneth, that the one child doth put pea∣son, smal stones, or cherrie stones into the eare of another: the other be soft things, as water, Fleas, Earewigs, and such like. If this happen, then is not the same to be slept vpon or delayed, for th••••e things require helpe and aduice with all spéed, for there is great danger imminent, especially if that which is cropen therein be of any bad nature, for of that commeth great paine, and consequently great sicknesse.

For this accident, first one of these foresaid Oyles is to be dropped therein, afterwards to bath, and to sit there a good while, moue néesing, and to hold in the breath for to driue out what∣soeuer is in the eares: but if this will not helpe, then is the same to be done with manuall opera∣tion with instruments. But if that which is gotten in be liquid and soft, as water; then vse oile againe, and bend the necke alwaies towards the side of the disease, and exercise your selfe with leaping and iumping: and if so be that it come not out thereby, then indeuor your self againe to néesing. Also you may often cleanse the eare with an eare picker couered with wooll, or with a peece of a spunge, or to tye the pith of Elderne wood at a thrid, and so to thrust it into the eare, or through a little pipe let the moisture be sucked out, the which in like manner may be done with the woormes. One may also hold the eare ouer the vapor of hote wine, wherein Cammo∣mill, Linséede, Annis séedes and such like are decocted. But if fleas or wormes be gotten into them, they do raise great paine through their iumbling, especially the fleas: for the which take a Taint and annoint it with a little cleauing salue made of Turpentine and Rosin, to the end that the fleas being fast thereat, may remaine hanging at it, and so be drawne out.

If this cannot be effected, then vse that which is heretofore described in the 6. §. of the wormes in the eare, and wherewith they be to be destroyed.

Of the diminishing of hearing. §. 9.

THe diminishing of hearing may procéede of many sundrie occasions: the outward causes are these, strong fumes, vnexpected, vehement, and sudden noise, as when the thunder striketh one, oftentimes hath bene seene that some thereby haue lost their hearing, and haue bene starke deafe. In like manner the South wind doth also cause it, by reason that it filleth the braines with moisture, whereby the sense of hearing is inféebled. What now concerneth deafenesse, and the diminishing of the hearing, thereupon do all lear∣ned men first conclude, That if we be borne with it, or that it continue the space of two yeares, that there is no hope at all left for to cure the same: and if the same do procéede of any moisture, water, matter, or other cause, whereby the hearing is weakened, that may be knowne by these meanes ensuing.

Take a spunge, make it very drie and warme; bind it in a double linnen cloth, and when you go to bed lay it vnder the eare: if you then in the morning see the cloth spotted, then may you well adiudge, that there is some matter in the eare whereby the hearing is hindered: but if the cloth be cleane and faire, then dependeth it on another cause.

If that this disease do then come through heate, yet without any impostumation, the which thereby may easily be discerned: if the patient complaine of no heauinesse, but much rather of lightnesse in the head, the heate perceiued in the féeling may well abide cold things, and hote things very ill: where this is found and perceiued, then to take away the great heate is first to be endeuored, and to drop those things ensuing into it lukewarme.

The oile of Roses, oile of Violets, oile of water Lillies, temper them together, or vse each alone. Item, take a Pomegranate, wring out the iuice, put vineger and oile of Roses vnto it, of each a spoonefull, powned Frankinsence one drag. and a halfe, let it séeth a litle, and droppe it therein.

Take the water of Lettice, the water of a cut Vine, mixe them together, or vse each alone, the braied whites of egs with womans milk (mingled together or each vsed alone) that giueth suck

to a maiden child, are also very good: the iuice of Housléek alone, or tempered with other things is also good.

Take Mallowes, Hollihocke rootes, Lettice, Purslaine, Willow leaues, Nightshade, of each halfe a handfull, let them séeth together, and receiue the vapor.

But if this deafnesse, as it chiefly happeneth through cold matter, which cannot be without wind, then is the patients head alwaies heauie, the face puffed vp or swolen, casteth out much moisture through the mouth and nose: For this is the head veine to be opened, certaine potions to be vsed, as Oximel of Squils, or sirupe of Stechas, one ounce and a halfe, in a broth wherein Marioram gentle, Hyssope and Fitches be decocted: and afterwards to purge with the pilles Cochiae euery 14. day once, in the weight of a French crowne. Some do vse the Hieralogodion: two daies after purging he is to gargarise with this decoction following.

Take Hyssope, Marioram, field Mints, of each halfe a handfull, Calmus, Mustard séede, of each three drag. stampe and beate it with honie vnto a confection, take thereof one quarter of an ounce, temper it in eight ounces of water, wherein Dane wéede, Fullers grasse, or Licebane is decocted. Also to prouoke néesing is very méete: how that is to be effected, looke in the first Register.

In like maner, Masticke doth draw out much slime. Also Ginger and Pieretrum, oile of bitter Almonds alone is to be dropt into the eare, oile of Bay tempered with a little oile of Roses, & some Pepper amongst it, or the iuice of an Onion, of Radish, of Garlicke, of Daffadils (which you wil) as much strong vineger with it, and for euery ounce foure graines of Euphorbium, tem∣pered amongst it: The vapor of water wherein woormwood is decocted, and the warme vapor of Vineger receiued into the eare openeth all obstructions, and consumeth all moistures.

Take Hares gall, Foxe fat, molten Pitch, of each a little quantitie, temper them together, it is very good for deafenesse. In like sort Shéepes gall, Sallad oile, the oile of bitter Almonds, and wine decocted together vntill the wine be cleane euaporated.

Of this ensuing it is said, that it hath holpen deafenesse, which hath continued thirty years, and they that find it so may iustly say, Probatum est.

Fill a hottell with the blossomes of Walnuts, stop it fast with waxe, that it do not putrifie, & that there come no vapor out of it, burie it in horse dung, that it stand couered all about thrée quarters of a yard: let it stand so a whole yeare: when you then open it, then shall you finde therein a kind of oile or moistnesse, that must you straine out and set in the sun certaine daies together, then put a drop thereof into the eare, and you shall quickly find amendement: At the first opening it hath a lothsome stench: therefore must the eares and nostrils be stopped, and to eschew as much as is possible the receiuing of this vapor.

But if the infirmitie of the hearing do come out of any vncleanesse, then is the same to be re∣medied with the things described in this Chapter, in the §. 3. of the impostume of the eares, or else if it be néedfull, to vse the manuall operation for it: and if so be that there be no matter ap∣pearing, and that the disease doth bréed through repletion, or of some great former sicknes, then are the eares to be fomented with the water wherein Marioram gentle, Wormwood Stechas, Mints, and Marioram is decocted, for that this vapor doth consume and expell all winds and thicke vapors, which do stop the conduits of the hearing. Also one pound of fresh or new Sal∣lad oyle sodden, and the vapor thereof receiued into the eares is also very conuenient.

Trocisces.

FVrther you are to prepare these Trocisces: Take Coloquint halfe an ounce, Boras one scrup. Beuer cod, Aristologie, the iuice of Wormwood, of each halfe a dragm. the roote of Costus 1••. gra. Euphorbium ten graines, Cowgalles as much as is néedfull for to fashion Trocisces thereof: when you will vse them, then breake it with the oile of bitter Almonds, and drop thereof into the eare.

This medicine is very fit for all infirmities or diminishing of the hearing, which procéedeth of wind and flegmaticke humors.

Item take Aloe, Coloquint, Euphorbium, of each one scrup temper it all together with Cow∣gall, afterwards diuide it in small péeces and let them drie: when you will vse this, then bruse it on a stone, and mixe it wit the iuice of Radish, and so drop it lukewarme into the eare, and

annoint it also therewith. Item take oile of Bay, and séeth therein a cast skin of a Snake.

Take beaten Bay berries halfe an ounce, seeth them in the oile of Lillies; afterwards wring it through a cloth, and vse it as before.

Or take Balsam, oile of Iuniper, the oile of bitter Almonds, temper them together, or vse each alone.

Item, take the iuice of Sage, as much as you please, temper it with Oxe gall, or Goose grease, or the fat of an Eele.

Item take oile of Scorpions, of swéet Almonds, and Wormwood, of each a like quantitie, mixe them together, or vse each alone. The same doth also the hearbe Coriander decocted with Onions and water.

Or take Ants egs, powne them, and put thereto a fresh hares Gall, as much honie as both of them, temper them together, and vse them lukewarme.

Item take a reasonable big radish, wind it about with wet towe, rost it vnder the ashes, cleanse it, and afterward stampe it, wring out the iuice, then put as much Sallad oile vnto it, and vse it as the other.

Take Oxe gall, the iuice of blew flower deluce, oile of bitter Almonds, of each a like quan∣titie; drop it warme into the eare. Take also the iuice of Peach leaues, the iuice of Wormwood, of each a like much: This is very forcible for the impostumation of the eares, and paine of the same.

Master Tristrams water described before in the discourse of the face, and 1. §. is very good for this infirmitie of the hearing being dropt into them, and vsed otherwise.

But if this disease be caused of too much fasting or too much watching, whereby the face is cleane fallen away, and waxen leane, and the eyes stand déepe in the head, then must one bathe oftentimes, eate well, and drinke more then before, sléepe longer: to powre oftentimes vpon the head warme water and oile, and to keepe it moist.

The tenth Chapter. Of the Lips.

IN the face is comprehended the mouth that outwardly doth not appeare in sight, but onely the lips, which do hide all that is contained therein, and accordingly are described among the inward members.

The vse of the foresaid lippes is diuerse: First and before all they are most néedefull for the spéech, therefore they also by nature are wholy mooueable and light, yea made more swift to mooue then any other muscle of the bodie: so that iustly they may be called neither skin nor flesh onely, but a musklie skin. They do couer (I say) and shut the mouth, to the end there come nothing into it against ones will: also that they might couer the téeth from all cold aire, and whatsoeuer else; they do retaine the spettle, that otherwise would alwaies driuell apparantly out of the mouth. So do they also kéepe in the meate, the which the toung doth thrust amongst the téeth, and might fall out of the mouth. Lastly, both for man and beasts they are behoouefull to draw in the drinke,

The learned do ascribe foure kinds of maladies vnto the lips, as chops and clifts, impostu∣mation and quauerings: others do write onely of the chopping and the swelling, as hereafter shall appeare.

Of the chops or clifts of the Lips. §. 1.

THis is otherwhiles caused through fals, strokes, great heate or cold, whether it be inward or outward, and very often of nipping cold winds: the signes of the out∣ward causes are to be perceiued by the patient. Be they then prouoked through sharpe hote catarres or rheumes, which do fall out of the head? then is there a ma∣nifest heate and drouth in the lips: in like manner also in the forehead and in the

nose: if there be no such, then is it a signe that it doth procéede of vapor. If now these chops pro∣céede of a burnt matter, as salt Phlegma, Cholera, or Melancholia, then are the same to be prepared for expulsion, and to vse three or foure mornings together the sirupe of Fumitorie, of Worme∣wood, or Oxysacchara tempered with Endiue water, or such like; and then to purge with these pils following, which are approued especiall good for all such burning matter: Take the rindes of yellow Mirobalans, Chebuli, Sene, Epithymum, of each two scrup. Mastick halfe a scrup. Aga∣ricus, and Rubarb, of each one scrup. Diagridion two scrup. Fumitorie halfe a drag. make therof pils with the iuice of Fumitorie: one may giue of these pils one drag. vnto one drag. and a half. Afterwards lay a Nut vpon hote coles, vntill the shell be somewhat blackish, then wring the oile out of the kernell, and annoint the clifts therewith.

Item take Dragagant or gum of Cherrie trées (which you will) in the mouth, vntill it be∣gin to dissolue, afterwards rub it with the toung vpon the clifts, or dissolue it in Rosewater, and so vse it.

Item, take fresh Butter, the muscilage of Fleawort, Calues sewet, Duckes grease, honie, oile of Roses, of each a like much, melt them and temper well amongst them the well braied white of an egge and Pease meale.

Item, burne the herbe Ferne to ashes, it healeth maruellous well: or the Waxe, Hennes grease, of each halfe an ounce, Turpentine one ounce, Dragagant halfe a drag. Gals one quar∣ter of an ounce, melt them all together with a little oile, and mixe the rest amongst it.

This following also is altogether wholesom: Take the Caule of the Hart or Stag, lay it the space of thrée daies in ley, wash it euery day with fresh water, and renew the ley euery day, let it drie: the third day cut it small, & melt it by the fire: then temper amongst it halfe so much harts sewet, Ceruse bruised small, sixe ounces, Camfire one dragm. or beaten Ginger and Cloues, temper them together: but if so be that the chops do eate in, then leaue out the Ceruse.

Pomade.

POmade is especiall good and safe. Take the sewet of a Hart, fresh Butter or Barrowes grease, of each thrée ounces, let them melt together on the fire, put thereto foure or fiue small cut apples, also white wine sixe ounces: let all these séethe together, vntill that the apples be soft; then bruise them well together, and put Camfire vnto it, Cinnamome, Cloues, Nutmegs, of each halfe a drag. beaten small together, also Muscus foure graines, Rosewater two ounces; seeth these againe in another pot in boiling water, vntill all the Rosewater be wa∣sted away: afterwards wring it through a cloth, and wash it so long with Rosewater, vntil it be white. This Pomade is also good for all chops of the hands and otherwise. For this is the Poplar ointment also good.

Item, take white Waxe, Hens grease, the sewet of a Weather shéepe, the iuice of Rue, of Cammomill, Dragagant, of each a like quantitie, temper them together.

Take Gum, fresh oile of Almonds and Hens grease, of each a like much, Waxe as much as is néedfull: these two last are also speciall good for the impostumation of the nipples and wo∣mens brests, although they giue sucke vnto children.

The bloud of the lips (do the Phisitions call Haemorrhoidae) it is to be healed like the vlceration and bléeding of the nose, which hath bene shewed in the eight Chapter.

The trembling or quiuering of the lips is commonly a messenger of imminent vomiting, the which afterwards ceaseth again: what is to be vsed for this quiuering, looke in the Register.

If the lips be hote and swollen: for that do some aduise that the nauell is to be annointed with Sallad oile, the which is easily to be approoued. You haue in many places else what is to be done to all such hote swellings: of the inuersion of the lips, shall be spoken hereafter amongst the diseases of the mouth.

The eleuenth Chapter. Of the Beard.

THis is the last part of the face which one séeth outwardly, and also a goodly ornament of man; therefore men do desire to haue it grow, and stayed from falling out.

For the growing of the Beard. §. 1.

FOr to make the beard grow thicke and spéedily, take Southernwood, Squinanth, of each a handfull, powre oile of Dill vpon it, stop it close, and let it stand a night; then afterwards seeth it in water two or thrée howers space, temper then more amongst it, about halfe an ounce of powned Southernwood: after this straine it through a cloth, and annoint the place therewith, where you desire to haue a beard.

Another.

TAke oile of Dill two ounces, of Southernwood halfe a handfull, Squils two scrup. wine thrée ounces, let these séeth so long together vntill all the wine be consumed, and then straine it through a cloth and vse it as before. Looke for this also in the third Chapter §. 1.

Against the falling out of the Beard. §. 2.

TAke as many Bées as you please, kill them and lay them in the sunne or elsewhere, beate them to powder, make with Sallad oile a salue thereof, and annoint therewith the bald place. Take fiue drag. of Waxe, the oile of Palma Christi seedes two drag. and a halfe, li∣quide Styrax and Myrrhe, of each 3. drag. Laudanum one ounce, Euphorbium, wild Rue, Gum, Cantharides, of each thrée drag. powdered Bées or Waspes two ounces, melt all that is to be molten, and temper the powned things amongst it: therewith annoint the place of the beard when you go to bed; but chafed well first: and in the morning wash it off againe; let also the beard be often shauen away.

This ensuing is also good for the haire of the head and of the eyebrowes.

Take the oile of Behen, séeth Cantharides therein, whereof the head and wings be abated, make it smell well with Muscus and Amber, and vse it as before.

Euen as of all outward accidents of the head and the face, mention hath bene made before; so will we now also speake of all inward diseases and members of the same. And first of the Braines.

The twelfth Chapter. The Braines, and all that concerneth them.

LIke as is alreadie alleaged, the braines are the vppermost and chiefest of all the inward members of mans bodie, a place and abode of the vn∣derstanding, memorie and iudgement, the which are shapen, and by na∣ture fashioned with many kinds of woonderfull, seuerall, and proper shapes, for they be without bloud, without flesh, soft and congealed to∣gether like as a scum, also as marrow, moist, cold, and of themselues in∣sensible; where they neuerthelesse through the sinewes, do impart and send to all other members the sensiblenesse and motion. With this part of the bodie are all beasts indued (which haue much or little bloud) but most of all men aboue all beasts, and the men more than the women: the foresaid braines are also moister in man than in any beast.

Hence do also spring all the sinewes, that thence (as is specified) do spread themselues tho∣rough the backe ouer all the whole bodie, strengthening and conioyning it, making it mouea∣ble and sensible. Vnto the braines do also stretch and reach the right beginning of all veines out of the heart, and there do they end: from thence commeth also sléepe, which imparteth rest vnto the whole bodie.

It is also the second part (next to the heart) that is formed in the mothers wombe.

This precious and tender part is also subiect vnto many accidents, which bring with them very great inconueniences, like as for example, if so be that the brains through fals or strokes be

annoyed or molested; then doth it oftentimes come to passe, yea commonly, that the patient be∣commeth mute and dumb: like as also in the dead palsey the members are altogether nummed or vtterly lamed, and so losse of vnderstanding ensueth. But before that we do come to these in∣firmities, we purpose here to admonish, that before the description of other diseases of the head, those things are not discouered, which might be conuenient for the brains; as Néesing, Treacle, Mithridate, Eyebright wine, conserue of the same, and such like. With these may be also well annexed, all that strengtheneth the braines, dryeth the superflous moisture, taketh away heate, and whatsoeuer might be else. But because our whole booke is full with such like things, there∣fore it is the lesse needfull for to write much thereof.

For to drie the braines.

FOr to drie and strengthen the braines, you haue amongst other, many and sundrie reme∣dies. When you go to bed, swallow down two or three little péeces of Frankinsence, this strengtheneth and dryeth the braines maruellous much. The smell of Sugar is also very good receiued at the nose.

Certaine Aromaticall wines which in the last part are described with their operations, and other moe, as Calmus, compounded waters, Master Tristrams water, are also very good for this vse.

And especially this following: Take Ireos thrée ounces, Lauander flowers, Rosemarie flo∣wers and the hearbe, Rose leaues, of each one ounce and a halfe, red Styrax, Benzuin, of each one ounce, Nigella, prepared Coriander, Epithymum, Stechas, of each one dragm. make a powder thereof, furre a cap therewith and weare it on the head. You shall haue also many moe such like whereas we shall discourse of the giddinesse of the head.

But if you desire any cooling things for the braines, whereto you haue not onely commodi∣ous things to lay thereon in the first Chapter and second §. but also in other places where we discourse of the Ague and Plague, as much as concerneth their vertues and infections of the braines; we will begin with that costly treasure of memorie.

Of the Memorie. §. 1.

MEmorie is a retaining of acts either heard or séene: Or memorie is a comprehension of the things ouerpast; the which the mind, as present, doth kéepe and retaine.

Item, memorie is a retaining, establishing, and preseruing of matters which haue bene conceiued in the spirit. If so be that this memorie be hurt, then followeth forgetfulnesse of matters which be past and done. And there be two sorts described thereof by the Phisitions: The first they do call the greater Lethargus,* 1.51 the sleeping disease, whereof we will speake apart hereafter. The other is lesse and without Ague, that may in time so take the vpper hand, that not onely the memorie will be enféebled, but also that men lose their vnderstanding, and become childish and foolish. The cause of this is commonly a bad and cold complexion: otherwhiles al∣so adioyned with cold and moisture which ouerruleth the hinder part of the head. If it be cau∣sed onely through cold,* 1.52 then it is Stupor, astonishment: These sicke persons do speake neither of things past, nor yet things to come; they care for nothing, they sléepe and wake méetly, they féele no drought of the toung nor yet of the nose.

* 1.53But if this disease be caused through cold and drith, then can the patient sléepe, thinketh well vpon things which be ouer past, but not of any thing that is present: the mouth and nose are alwaies drie.* 1.54 If it come through moisture and cold, then it is the sleeping disease, which forgetteth all former things wholly and throughly, and all present very quickly: they haue ve∣ry moist braines; so that the moisture runneth out at the nose and mouth. If heate and drith be causes,* 1.55 then commeth it to Mania, that is, the right madnesse.

To the end now, that this precious treasure of memorie may be continued and kept: there∣of you shall haue sufficient instructions which you find of the sléeping sicknesse, astonishment and madnesse: so that we will onely speake here of that kind of forgetfulnesse which is caused of cold and moisture together, and is not an absolute Lethargus: neuerthelesse doth raigne most.

For this is to be applyed for a generall rule to defend the head from al superfluous moysture, how the same is to be effected you haue many and sundrie meanes, especially there whereas it is discoursed of the cold paine of the head, in the first Chapter §. 2. and also hereafter where we shall speake of giddinesse.

But to the end we haue an orderly rule for to preuent this forgetfulnesse, therefore we will here prescribe an orderly meanes for an example.

If this disease procéede of an e••cessiue vncleanesse, surfetting of meate, of drinke, of cold, and such like outward causes, then are they to be shunned, and good gouernment obserued, whereof we will once againe speake more at large.

For this, must also strong Clisters be vsed, take Consolida Saracenica, Betonie, S. Iohns woort, both kinds of Sage, both sorts of Centorie, Rosemarie, Stechas, Flouramour. Cammo∣mill, of each half a handfull, Baulme a handfull, Coloquint one drag. and a half: al these things are to be bounden in a cloth and sodden in sufficient water, afterwards wrung, out and to take of this decoction 12. or 16. ounces, wherein shall be tempered Hiera Picra, Benedicta Laxatiua, of each fiue drag. Salt one quarter of an ounce, oyle of Lillies two ounces and a halfe. This Clister (as is expressed) is strong; will you then haue a milder? then vse them that be described for the cold paine of the head: for a preparatiue potion is méete Oxymel Squilliticum, with the decoction of Galingale, or Calmus. Afterwards purge with these pils following, take Pillulae Cochiae one drag. Coloquint, Mastrix, Bdellium, of each halfe a dragm. make pils thereof with the iuice of Baulme, you may giue them all together to a strong man, although they be strong. Hereafter you may vse certaine dayes Treacle, Mithridate, or Aurea Alexandrina one drag. at one time: afterwards purge againe with Hiera Logodion, or Simplici, according to the impor∣tance of the matter. You must annoint the head with Beuercod dissolued in vineger, and oyle of Lillies, or rub the necke with some of these waters of life hereafter described, like as most of all those waters are requisite for this vse which be described in the eight part. For this, is also conuenient, Ginger, Masticke, Pieretrum chewed or bounden in a cloth by reason of his heate, they draw out much moisture. In like manner are things of a good sauour or smell to be holden before the nose, and those that be of hote nature, as Muscus, Ambra, Lignum Aloes, Cloues, Nut∣megs, Indie Spica, Flouramour, and such like sauors: take Frankinsence, Pepper, Cipers rootes, and Myrrhe, of each a like much; make with decocted honie a conserue thereof, giue ther∣of a dragm. at one time.

The auncient Phisitions commend much to take euery morning one drag. of Frankinsence, Pepper halfe a scrup. and that with a draught of wine.

Order of Diet.

FOr forgetfulnesse of cold and moist causes are alwaies warming and drying things to be vsed; the dwelling place must be cleare and cleane, and carnall co∣pulation as much as is possible to be refrained, and that not onely therein, for it is seldome found, that they that be immoderate therein, haue a good memorie or vnderstanding: Mustard, Garlicke, and all things which be of cold nature: in like manner, all excesse of meate and drinke is also very hurtfull: likewise also Mutton, Marrow of Mutton bones, sléepe immediatly after meate, and such like: to the con∣trarie all drie fruites which be parched, as Hasell nuts, and Chestnuts be very good.

Also all Fowles are very méete for this, and the braines of the same, whereof we haue made mention in the other description of dyet, where we haue spoken of the memorie, ordinarie going to stoole, and making water, &c. moderate mirth, fresh water wherein Baulme, Fennell, Bay leaues, and such like are decocted.

The head may also twice a wéeke be washed with ley wherein Cammomill, Rosemarie, Sage, Baulme, Betonie, or which one will, is stéeped or decocted.

Like as for example to be followed, here we describe for these matters.

A good powder.

* 1.56TAke thrée ounces of Sene leaues, Seduarie, Cumin, Parsley, and Dill séede, of each one ounce, Ginger halfe an ounce, Cloues, Nutmegs, Calmus, Galingall, Pimperuel rootes, Sage, Rue, Valerian, Annis, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sugar thrée ounces, powne all small, and temper them together; take thereof in the morning and euening about one drag. at one time: this powder doth not onely strengthen the braines, but also the memorie: it is also good against giddinesse of the head, cleanseth bloud, and is good for the stomacke, strengtheneth the wombe, preserueth the lights from all superfluous humors, withstandeth all diseases of the hart, paine of the liuer, of the milt, of the gall, driueth away the cough, maketh a good color and a cleare face. It is also good to be vsed against all swellings, and against all pestilential aire: hol∣den in the mouth, it taketh away all toothach, stinking breath, and kéepeth men in good health.

The water of Carduus Benedictus is said to strengthen the memorie, to take away the paine of the head, to amend the giddinesse, and all other accidents of the head, if so be that one take the water or the decoction of the herbe euery morning two or thrée ounces at one time.

Coriander séede and bitter Almonds confected with Sugar, do strengthen also the memorie and the braines.

You haue heretofore in the second Chapter and first §. of two ley bags which strengthen me∣morie, and in like manner in the eight Chapter 8. §. of the oile of Bricks which is also requisite for it. Secondly, there be also prepared for this many compounded wines, as the wine of Mar∣ioram gentle, which not onely strengtheneth the memorie, but also causeth it, if it were lost, to returne againe.

Another meane for to strengthen the memorie.

THere was by our time at Canterburie here in England, a Canon, a Doctor of Diuini∣tie and also in the Law,* 1.57 named Iohannes Coletus, to whom by that time he was sixtéene yeares old, was an experiment imparted by a Christened Iew, whereby he obtained such a maruellous strong memorie, that he retained and kept all that euer he read in all his life time: the which when he was in his 39. yeare of age, he lying at the point of death, his friends praied him to disclose and reueale this secret remedy and experiment vnto them: where he hath decla∣red that before he had a very grosse and hard vnderstanding; but through the vse of this experi∣ment he afterwards obtained such a sharpe wit and memorie, that he could not only remember and hold in mind that which he read, but also all that he heard and saw: Insomuch that he could recite by hart from word to word the Decreta, Decretals, the orders of all the Emperors lawes, with their expositions, Aristotle and other authors which he had séene and read. Also how many names that were rehearsed before him, he could afterwards without missing one repeate them againe.

Therefore may this experiment be reputed of a great value, and as a gift of God, because that thereby men may with so little trouble attaine vnto so great a matter.

First, the head is to be cleansed with these things following: Take Pieretrum, Marioram, Galingale, Ginger, Caraway, séed of broad Plantaine, prepared white Mustard séede, of each a like much: this being beaten grosse together, and if this powder wey about two ounces, then séeth it in a quart of water stopt close too, when it hath now sodden well, then put a quart of strong wine vnto it, and an ounce of cleare honie, let it séeth againe vntill about two fingers breadth of the liquor be wasted: herewith are you once euery morning (in the increasing of the moone) to gargarise well and many times, holding it long and warme in the mouth, to the end it may vapor vp into the head.

Afterwards make this potion following: Take Ginger, long Pepper, of each one dragme, Galingall one scrup. Cloues, Cubebs, of each one drag. and a halfe; powne them al together to powder, and bind them in a linnen cloth, let them séeth well together in two quarts of Wine stopt fast as aforesaid: afterwards let it stand couered vntil it be cleare, wherof you are to drink euery morning fasting, and at euening going to bed a good draught, and that before you shall haue annointed with the salue which shall hereafter be described. The vertue of this wine is for

to draw a superfluous moisture out of the head.

This being done, then place your selfe in Somer time in the Sunne, and in Winter season by the fire, and kembe your haire softly a long time; so that thereby the pores may be opened: afterwards wash your head with the water of Rue, and drink a good draught of wine, and ther∣upon eate a bit or twaine of bread that hath bene stéeped in the wine, then fast so vnto the eue∣ning. Your supper must also be sober, your sléepe quiet and vndisturbed: continue this many daies together, the longer the better.

When now the veines be warme with kembing, then annoint the head and the temples with this salue following. Take white Lillies, Colewoort leaues, wild Baulme, of each one drag. powne them together, put them in a pot, powre therein two ounces of Sallad oile, fresh butter as much as all the rest, thrée spoonefuls of the spirit of wine (which hath bene rectified at least foure times) water of Rue, of Sage, of Celendine, of each two spoonefuls, old white wine fiue spoonefuls, temper them well together, set it so sixe or eight houres in a warme place, then straine it through a cloth; afterwards séeth the liquor vntill it be as thicke as honie, (and that by a small mild fire) then set it in the Sunne so long till it be of the colour of Copper: This salue must be alwaies made betimes, and it can continue good the space of two yeares. Also it behoo∣ueth to gather all the hearbes for distillation when the daies be at the longest: and then may also most méetely this salue be prepared. This salue must you (as is rehearsed) vse after that the head is purged, you must annoint well the hinder parts of the head and the temples with it; afterwards couer it with a leatherne cap or hat, so that the head may be warme that the said salue may haue her operation the better in the bloud and braines. In the euening is the head to be washed with good warme wine, and one must kéepe a good diet, and vse meates that be light of digestion, also vse moderate drinking. This order is to be kept at the first by the space of foure daies, and so to continue it the space of a whole yeare, euery eight weekes once two or thrée daies together.

The next yeare afterward you may chuse one day vpon which it is good to take Phisick, and then vse this salue euery three moneths once, when the Moone increaseth: The third yeare it is sufficient once in twelue moneths, and afterwards so long as you liue, once in two yeares.

Of the giddinesse of the head, and infirmitie of the Braine. §. 2.

THis disease is called of the Grecians Scotomia, and of the Latinists Vertigo, which is a giddinesse or swimming of the head, we call it also the swimming of the head, for that it séemeth, that all which one séeth runneth round about: or the sight faileth when he will behold any thing, and he thinketh that he séeth swarming before his eyes many maruels, and things which be of strange colours, yea it of∣ten happeneth, that his eyes be very darke, and must fall to the ground: like as also it somtime happeneth to a sound bodie, if they run too much about: or to such as looke too much downe∣ward from a great height, or vpon a quicke turning thing, or into running waters.

This disease do they chiefly get, that are woont to frequent much the Sunne, and their heads haue bene ouerheated: It is also caused of the stomacke, if that it be ouercharged with any su∣perfluitie, whereby the mouth of the stomacke is harmed, and sendeth some bad vapors to∣wards the head, which do cause this swimming or giddinesse.

In winter time and when the wind is southerly, then are all people more subiect to this giddinesse, than in drie sommer. Of this giddinesse the Phisitions do make many kindes, like as also it is diuers according to the nature of the humor whereof it is caused: but to speake of the foresaid giddinesse, when any one thinketh that all that he séeth runneth round about, the sight vanisheth as he would fall to the ground, the face and the eyes waxe red, the veines swell, the eares shew themselues great and full of bloud, thereby it may easily be adiudged, that it is caused through superfluous bloud in the head, the which troubleth and molesteth the braines: therefore is this sick person to procure presently afterwards to open the veine behind the eare, and to let out thrée or foure ounces of bloud; for that is a certaine remedie for this disease. And further, for all other spices of this swimming, of whatsoeuer cause that they may procéede: for if so be that this giddinesse do continue long, it is much to be doubted, that the falling sicknes or the dead palsey may come thereby. In like maner are boxing cups vnpickt to be set aboue vpon

the head, in the necke, vpon the shoulders, and on the legs. For this also are certaine lotions of the feete to be vsed, made with herbes which do strengthen the head, whereof before in the first Chapter 3. §. for the heate of the head, and in the second Chapter 12. §. sundry are described. But although these foresayd veines do not appeare and make shew, and neuerthelesse the face were alwayes red, then must the median be opened, boxing cups, as is sayd, to be vsed, to moysten the head with vineger of Roses, and with oyle of Roses, and to eschew all hot meates, much sléepe, long watching, to looke from great height downwards, and such like things: Lintels, milke, kids flesh prepared with veriuice, iuice of Pomegranates or with vineger, rosted peares or apples after supper are very good for him: of herbes, Lettice and Purslaine with vineger may he also eate well: for his drinke he may also temper vineger or the iuice of Pomegranates, Sugar wa∣ter decocted with Fleawoort, or any small thin wines.

For purging are meete yellow Mirobalans, especially if the giddinesse be caused of Cholera, the which are thus to be vsed: Take one ounce and a halfe of yellow Mirobalans beaten grosse, séeth them in eight ounces of water at the least, put thereto one ounce of sower Dates, let them séeth togither vnto the halfe; then temper amongst it thrée or foure ounces of sirupe of Violets, or of Roses, and so giue it to the patient in the morning fasting.

Take sixe ounces of whay, lay therein to stéepe one dragme and a halfe of Rubarbe a whole night, wring it afterwards out, and giue it to the sicke person cold or lukewarme.

Take ten dry Prunes, sower Dates one ounce, seeth them in sixe ounces of water, then take thereof thrée ounces, and mixe amongst them two dragmes and a half of the Electuarie De suc∣co Rosarum, and drinke it warme. Item take sower Dates, Manna, of each one ounce, temper them with thrée or foure ounces of Prune broth.

Also these pils following may be vsed: Take Pillula foetidae, de Sarcocolla, of each one scruple, temper them, and make thereof seuen pils.

After the purging he is to kéepe him quiet, and to couer the belly with warme clothes. But if to this giddinesse there happeneth no rednesse in the face, nor any ague, it may be concluded therof, that the cause procéedeth of cold, wherof the matter lyeth in the stomack, which there pro∣uoketh the patient to wambling and vomiting, whereto the patient is then to vrge himselfe, thereby to be rid of it; & that through this meanes: Take Radishes, or Horseradish, one ounce, the séede of Orage and of Asarabacca, of each halfe an ounce, seeth all this in twelue ounces of water vnto foure ounces: vnto this strained decoction you are to adde halfe an ounce of Oyle, Saffron one drag. vineger foure ounces, giue therof two spoonefuls in the euening after meate. Preparatiue potions are to be vsed according to y^e cause of the disease, for the space of certaine dayes, and then to take these pils following, Aurea or Cochia, the waight of one dragm. Or in the stead of these pils, to vse halfe an ounce of Hiera Picra, and Oxymel Compositum one ounce, with foure ounces of water, wherein Hyssope and Zeduarie is decocted.

It chanceth also oftentimes, that at the first this giddinesse doth come with some swarming or fantasies which appeare before the eyes, the which neuerthelesse in truth is nothing so. This the Phisitions do call Scotomiam and Imaginationes, whereof before in the seuenth Chapter and 12, §. is spoken at large. Of the which very many be holpen by these meanes following: Take Eyebright two ounces, Mace halfe an ounce, beate them small; giue thereof after the purging half a drag. or two scruples with wine or flesh broth. What further concerneth this kind of gid∣dinesse, you may discerne hereafter, where we speake of Paralysis, with y^t which this swimming doth agree. This patient must refraine from all meates and drinkes which be cold of nature: but Kids, Mutton, Pullets, Partridges, Pheasants, and all other fowles that haue their abode in hilly countries, he may well eate them, yet rather rosted than sodden: in like sort egs and all that is drest with wheate or Rice: small red wine, or rather hony water is to be his ordinarie drinke. But if this will not helpe, and the foresayd giddinesse do still continue, then is this com∣mēded for a principall remedie, to wit, to open the head by actuall or potential Cauteries aboue vpon the seame (which is called Sutura Coronalis) to the end that thereby all bad vapors, which cause these infirmities in the braines might exhalate. Some vse in stead of y^e foresaid Cauterie this corrosiue salue following: Take Cantharides (the heads and wings broken off) two ounces, sower dow halfe an ounce, temper them with spirit of wine or vineger, lay them behind in the necke, and behind vpon the brawnes of the legs, in bignesse of half a doller; let them lye so long vntill they raise a blister, that is, about twelue howers or somewhat more. These blisters are

to be holden and kept open, with the laying vpon them of a Colewoort leafe as long as is possi∣ble. But if so be that neither ague, nor vomiting, nor any other impostume do befal with it, and yet neuerthelesse the giddinesse persist and endure, then is the sicke person oftentimes to be pur∣ged with the pils Cochiae, and to withdraw him (as is said) from cold meates, because that the cause of this disease proceedeth of cold. Further, he is to be let smell to a little bag of Annis séedes, and in like sort must he weare a cap with Annis séedes vpon his head, and receiue the vapor of the decoction of Annis séedes into his nose; for that the smell is very requisite, because it drieth and warmeth well. Also the head is to be cleansed, as oftentimes hath bene shewed: but this ensuing is especially good for it: Take the iuice of wild Cucumbers one ounce, honie wa∣ter wherein Marioram is decocted, two ounces; temper and draw them into the nose: but take before, thy mouth full of cleare water, so that it may come the lesse into the mouth.

Gargarismes.

GArgarismes are also to be vsed for this purpose, thereby to expell all flegmaticke humors which cause this maladie: Take Betonie, Hyssope, of each one handfull, Licorice, Rue, and Raisons (the stones being taken out) of each one ounce, Pieretrum, Ireos, of each half an ounce, Mustard séede, Licebane, Ginger and Masticke, of each one quarter of an ounce, cla∣rified honie thrée ounces, séethe them in sufficient store of water, and scum them well, take thereof before and after meate, at each time two spoonefuls in the mouth, holding it long there∣in, and hauing gargarized, spet it out againe.

With this may you also vse chewed Mastick, Picretrum decocted in wine or water, or stéeped. But alwaies (as is admonished before) the rootes knit in a cloth: for it is otherwise too strong.

Item, take Mustard séede, Marioram, Pieretrum, long Pepper and Sage, of each one quarter of an ounce, seethe it to the halfe, being strained, vse it as before.

The Pieretrum hath an especiall operation against the giddinesse, therefore it is also to be de∣cocted and beaten to pap with the whites of egges, and so laid vpon the head.

A powder for meate.

TAke Nutmegs, prepared Coriander, of each halfe an ounce, Misselden of the Oke, Piony séede peeled, and Galingale, of each one drag. Calmus, Betonie, Cubebs, and Cumin, of each halfe a drag. Sugar, as much as you please. You haue heretofore in the first §. a good powder for the memorie, which is also méet for this purpose: and this following is very necessarie for it.

Take the iuice of Fennell one ounce, Sugar two ounces, séeth it together like to Manus Christi.

An Electuarie.

TAke a pound of Currans (well cleansed) Licorice cut small, Buglosse water and Endiue water, of each sixe ounces, set them seeth together, and afterwards wring it out hard: in this decoction are you to put of preserued Mirobalans, Chebuli and Emblici, of each sixe ounces, honie of Roses and Sugar, fiue ounces; let it séeth vntill it be somewhat thicker than honie: afterwards clarifie it with the whites of egs: when it is now cold, then temper amongst it one drag. and a halfe of Cinnamom powder, preserued Nutmegs one ounce, Lignum Aloes, Cloues, of each one drag. Fennell and Annis séedes, of each halfe a drag. conserue of Roses two ounces and a halfe. Of this confection you are to vse euery wéeke the quantitie of a Walnut. Item take Cinnamom, Cloues, Fennell, Galingall, chew them long in the mouth, and after∣wards spet it out againe. The confected Calmus is also much commended for this giddinesse, and in like manner confected Coriander, as is more said in other places, where we haue intrea∣ted of the memorie.

Preserued Mirobalans are also especiall good after meate, also being drie to chew them in the mouth; for that they do hinder the vapors ascending vp to the head, and consume all watery moisture: also how good Carduus Benedictus water is for this vse, look in the place where we haue spoken of the memorie: the Treacle and Mithridate are also much commended for this purpose.

The order of diet.

THey that be troubled with this giddinesse ought to liue very soberly and moderately, to leaue wine, or to water it well: if the disease come through heate, then is heate to be es∣chued; if through cold, then is cold to be shunned: after meales take a peece of tosted bread and eate it. His meates must be light of digestion, and vse little: like as is sufficiently shewed in the hot headache.

Of franticknesse, madnesse, or doting, and such like infirmities. §. 3.

THe diseases of the braines are diuided into thrée kindes, to wit, first if their ac∣customed operation be hindered. Secondly, if they be perished and enféebled. Thirdly, if they be altered from their good disposition and nature into another: like as when a man falleth into foolishnesse and forgetfulnesse, that he forget∣teth his writing, reading, and his nearest kindred, yea his owne name: the which in truth, procéedeth out of a coldnesse of the braine, like to the palsey, and falling sicknesse, and such like accidents which sodainly assault men. But if this foresayd dis∣ease (whether it happen in the vnderstanding or in the memorie) be small, then it is a signe that the coldnesse is not great,* 1.58 for these diseases haue also their greatnesse and smalnesse. Delirium, doting childishnesse, be it howsoeuer it will, it commeth of some bad humor and distemperance of the brains, and is an erring, troubled & spoyled motion of the principall vertues of the mind; and if so be that an Ague befall with it,* 1.59 then it is a right Phrenitis, that is Frensie; which is not onely caused through hot humours, but is also admixed with some Phlegma in the braines: but in case there be no ague with it,* 1.60 then is this maladie called Mania, madnesse; and springeth out of hot humours, and chiefly of Cholera, which inflameth the braine too much; Melancholia, of which issue onely despaire,* 1.61 sorrow and feare, and that which is called in Latin, Dementia, (to wit, when a man is wholly out of his right minde) procéedeth onely of cold humours, like as hereafter againe shall be more at large declared.

Of dotage and childishnesse, called in Latin Delirium. §. 4.

THis disease is for the most part in all sicknesses or infirmities of the braines, for that in case the same be distempered, (be it by whatsoeuer manner that may be) then will the vnderstanding be thereby wholly or in part enféebled, according to the greatnesse or smalnesse of the humour whence this disease is caused.

When now these doting conceits and strange thoughts do come without cry∣ing,* 1.62 calling, or noise, as if he were possessed, then it is the very true Melancholia.

But if the madnesse do come with chiding, scolding, leaping, cursing, and such like misdemea∣nours, then it is the right Mania, or madnesse, with all her syptomes, which do assaile him no otherwise then as if he were possessed.

If there be with this madnesse laughing, merriment, friendly semblance, then is the same al∣wayes better then any of the rest: but if this come through burnt melancholicke humours, then it is the worst, and the behauiour none otherwise then as if he were possessed. Others make of these Delirium or Desipientia, 12. kindes, whereof the most part are here described.

And to the end we might first of all haue an example how that these kindes of sicknesses are best to be holpen; therefore we will set before vs a youth that hath lost his vnderstanding, and is become distraught.

At the first is very méete for it a very good gouernment or order of diet, and to vse all things which be warme and moyst, to eate good raysed bread, which is aboue three dayes old, other∣wise he is to eschue all things that are made of dow: yong Veale, Mutton, Lambe, Pullets, Ca∣pons, yong wild swine; in fine, he is to eate all that is yong whether it be wild or tame, and to refraine all that is old.

Of herbes are méete for him Endiue, Spinage, Purcelane. As concerning fruit, fresh Al∣monds,

Hasell nuts, swéete Cherries, Melons, Gourds, Pompions, fresh Figs, Grapes, swéete Peares, Apples, oyle of sweete Almonds, or fresh Butter. He must refraine from Vineger; or if he will vse it, he must delay it with Sugar or water: yet is he rather to vse the iuice of Limons or Veriuice, but seldome, and that made swéete with Sugar.

For his drinke he is to take sweete wine, and cleare wine well watered, for that he will be very soone drunken, which is hurtfull for him. In this countrey in steade of the foresayd wine, small béere is commonly to be vsed: he is to forbeare all old and salt flesh.

But if so be he cannot forbeare wine, and were yet notwithstanding inclined to drink much, then are you to stéepe therein prepared Coriander séede, Sorrell séede, Purcelane séede, with the flowers of water Lillies, this will resist and withstand all drunkennesse.

Can he be satisfied with drinking of water? then let him drinke none other then barly water or sugred water.

Buglosse leaues or the rootes of the same are alwayes good, whether they be vsed in meates or drinkes, and all that may be made with Buglosse.* 1.63

He must also moderately moue and stirre in going and standing. Copulation must he vtter∣ly eschue, bicause that thereby the best bloud of a man is wasted, and worne away and the na∣turall forces inféebled.

He must kembe the head oftentimes, sing much, vse musicke which is very commodious for all melancholicke persons, his sleepe must be somewhat longer then it was wont to be when he was in health.

Because that this matter is very hard to be purged, and yet neuerthelesse it must be done for the most part, then is alwayes the aduise of a learned Phisition to be followed, the opening of the Piles or Hemorrhoides is especially commended for this disease. One may also drinke many daies togither, thrée ounces of the iuice of Buglosse, for it is maruellous good for all kinds of melancholy. Also is very good two ounces of the iuice of Hops (being wrong out) if it be pre∣sently taken without setling, preserued Citron pils one spoonfull taken in the morning early, and in the euening two houres before meate are very meete, or two ounces of the sirupe of Ci∣tron pils, with three ounces of Lettice water vsed before purging,

Comfortable Electuaries.

TAke the flesh of a rosted Partridges brest twelues ounces, the rootes of white Behen the flowers of Borage, Buglosse, Seduary, of each one dragme, Saffron one scruple, Mace, Saxifrage, of each one scruple, Iacint, Smaragd, Saphires, and Harts bones, of each halfe a scruple, three leaues of beaten gold, fired gold halfe a dragme, prepared pearles one dragme, three ounces of fresh Pine apple kernels: let this steepe 24. houres with the flesh in foures ounces of white wine, and two ounces of the iuice of Quinces, powne them all small, and seeth 12. ounces of white Sugar with the foresayd liquor, temper it all togither: giue ther∣of euery morning halfe an ounce, and drinke thereupon two ounces of Buglosse water: after∣wards take before dinner and supper one quarter of an ounce of it: for besides that it is good for the giddinesse, it doth also strengthen all the members of the body.

In like manner marke, that all which strengtheneth the heart, whether it be hot or cold, the same also strengtheneth the braine.

Of Phrenitis, or franticknesse with an Ague. §. 5.

WE will now discourse of that kind of franticknesse, which the learned call Phreni∣tis, which we define thus: Phrenitis is a frensie or bereauing of the wits with an hot Ague, or Phrenitis is a doting and distraction or spoyle of the vnderstanding, which endureth not alwayes, and that assaileth one with quiuering, small voyce, and with an ague, which doth also most procéed of some inflammation or swelling in the braines. And although there be many kinds of franticknesse, yet may they be deuided in∣to two principall sorts; the one which is caused of bloud, the other of Cholera: out of both which, the third kind which is Melancholia, as a mixture doth sprout and spring.

They that be burdened with the first kind, they may adiudge all things like as they be, know

what it is; but how to thinke of it and vse it do they know nothing at all. They that haue the second kind of franticknesse, they do know in their thoughts or forecast nothing at all: but ad∣iudge much otherwise of all that euer they sée then it is. For both these sorts haue you a nota∣ble historie recited of Galen. They which be charged with the third sort, they be so distraught of their wits, that they can neither discerne right, nor adiudge right. And now for to come to the right signes of the foresaid diseases, we will rehearse these following.

* 1.64First inward Agues, heauinesse of the head, drought, rednesse of the eyes and face, paine of the head, shunning of light, and strong motion of the pulse. Item, vnquietnesse, much and filthy talke, drith and blacknesse of the toung, tumbling vp and off from the bed: their vrine white, quicke and strong breathing, crying out in the sléepe, feare, impudencie, do not couer their pri∣uities being vncouered, forgetfulnesse of all that is passed, terrible dreames, &c.

And if, besides the foresaid signes, the tongue be red and yellow, and the vnderstanding en∣féebled with much watching: then it is a perfect Phrenitis, that is, franticknes, with a strong A∣gue. For this the remedie is not to be delayed, but before they (which do procéede of bloud) do take roote, he is strongly to be let bloud in the head veine, euen till he swoune, if nature may abide and suffer it.

But if so be that the sicknesse haue indured alreadie past the fourth day, and setled it self, then is the veine of the forehead also to be opened on the top of the nose, and to be diligent for to o∣pen the Hemorrhoides, the which is very requisite and sure.

And if so be that for some causes the opening of a veine be hindered, then is bloud to be forced out of the nose, or at the least to set boxing cups on the shoulders.

But if the cause be of Cholera, then is the bodie to be purged through Clisters, as hereafter followeth.

Take two handfuls of Lettice, Barley halfe a M. Mallowes, Mercurie, Violet leaues, of each halfe a handfull, the flowers of water Lillies one ounce, and a little bran: séeth these toge∣ther in a sufficient quantitie of water: then take of this decoction twelue or sixtéene ounces, put thereto Sallad oyle, and prepared Cassia, of each one ounce, extracted Prunes fiue dragm. set this Clister fasting.

Another: Take Mallowes, Blites, Mercurie, Violet leaues, and water Lillies, of each one M. let them séeth together in sufficient water: afterwards take twelue ounces therof and tem∣per amongst it Triphera Sarrecenica one ounce, strained Prunes an ounce and a halfe, oyle of Violets, two ounces, Salt halfe a drag. Further to purge withall, sowre Dates are especially fit: for they do not onely expell the bad humors, but also alter them. These are thus to be pre∣pared.

Take twelue ounces of sowre Dates, séeth them in 24. ounces of water vntill the fourth part be consumed: this decoction is to be strained through a cloth, and to giue him fiue ounces thereof at once. Item, take thrée ounces of Manna, temper it in the decoction of Prunes, and giue it him in the morning.

But if so be that the humors be burnt, then séeth with the Prunes a few Sene leaues, a lit∣tle Fumitorie, and Epythimum, of each one quarter of an ounce, the roots of Polypodium one ounce, and in foure ounces of this decoction, temper the Manna and sowre Dates.

Another. Take yellow Mirobalans one ounce and a half, stampt Prunes two ounces: séeth them together in ten ounces of water vnto the halfe, or till that there remaine foure ounces ouer: then giue it so.

Or take one quarter of an ounce of Rubarbe, decoction of Prunes foure ounces, beate the Rubarbe and so temper it amongst the decoction; adde vnto it two ounces of sirupe of Violets: let this stand together the space of twelue houres, and giue it him early in the morning. But if so be that the humor be burnt, then put some Sene leaues vnto it, Epithymum, and the rootes of Polipodie, of each one quarter of an ounce.

After the foresaid purging, may the head veine vpon the hand or in the elbow, be safely ope∣ned, and boxing cups fixed vpon the shoulders. Also to open the Saphea, and to moue the He∣morrhoides, if so it séeme requisite.

If this sicknesse be caused of bloud.

TAke twelue ounce of the iuices of Plantaine, iuice of Shepheards purse and Rosewater, of each foure ounces, Vineger two ounces; make clothes or two wet therein, and then lay them on the forehead, and so ouer halfe the head.

Item, take Violet leaues, Lettice, and powned Barley, of each 1. M. Poppie heads, rootes of Southernwood, and water Lillies, of each halfe a handfull, Henbane, Poppie séeds, and Lettice seede, of each halfe an ounce, Cammomill, Melilot and Mallowes, of each halfe an M. Séeth them all together in a sufficient quantitie of the water of Sage: afterwards take a Spunge and therewith moisten from the forehead, or from thence where the haire beginneth, vnto the necke behind as often as you please. Item, take the iuice of Housléeke, of Lettice, of Purslaine, and of Nightshade, of each thrée ounces, Rosewater two ounces, Vineger one ounce, temper and vse them as before: this bringeth also sléepe with it, and especially if one temper therewith two ounces of the iuice of Poppie heads: cannot you get the iuice? then take the distilled water it selfe, if you will haue a plaister of it, temper Barley meale amongst it.

Note also that these cooling things are to be vsed onely in the beginning of the frenzie: for that if it be séene that the matter beginneth to yéeld, there are other things to be adhibited; as when it beg inneth to depart, then take a sucking whelpe and take out the bowels, and so lay it warme vpon the patients forehead, or rather on the top of the forehead when the haire is shorn off.

Item, take another whelpe (the intrailes being taken out as is sayd) bestrew it inwardly with Henbane séede, and lay it warme vpon the head, this maketh the franticke to sléepe: the same do also yong Doues and Cocks opened in the backe, and laid vpon the head: or take the warme lights of a Weather, hold it vpon the forehead, when it is waxen cold make it warme againe in warme water, but wring it well out, and lay it againe vpon the forehead, and reite∣rate the same oftentimes.

Of the dwelling of a franticke man, and other remedies concerning this disease.

THe dwelling of any franticke persons must be temperate, more cold then warme: Be∣strew his Chamber and bed with cold hearbes, as Lettice, Purslaine, Housléeke, smal and great Willow leaues, water Lillies, and Nightshade: haue also clothes made wet in common water, round about him plucke away all pictures out of his eyes, for that they bring fantasies and troubles vnto him, let honest people come amongst them, to the end he may be a∣shamed; let him smell to Roses, Violets, water Lillies, flowers, and Camfere, whereof may also bags be made, this is prescribed for an example, how all manner of franticke men are to be gouerned, now will we procéede forward.

But if it be feared, that a man would become franticke, then take quicke Brimstone, and Ma∣sticke of each one drag. and a halfe, temper them wel beaten with half an ounce of good Treacle, and giue a youth thereof halfe a drag. at once mixed with Cicorie water, an old body one drag. with old wine. He is to sweate thereupon as long as he is able to indure it: doth it not helpe at one time? then do it mo times, but the patient is to beware of cold and wind.

Take Cammomill, the herbe Dill, Roses, Marioram gentle, of each one M. séeth them and make clothes wet with it, and lay them warme oftentimes vpon the patients forehead.

Take Violet leaues, Melilot, Mallowes, Rosemarie, Bay leaues, and Poppie heads, of each two handfuls, let them séeth together and vse it as before: the conserue of Betonie, of Gillo∣flowers, and especially of Pyonie flowers, is very conuenient for this aboue all other, and not onely for this disease, but also against all strange fantasies, frightings and feare, the which peo∣ple haue a nights and without any cause.

A precious water.

THis is much commended aboue all things for to kéepe men in their good vnderstanding, and to restore the same if it were lost: take May Lillies stript off from their stalkes, powre

Muscadell, Malmsey, or any other old wine vpon them, put this in a glasse and stop it fast, and let it so stād certaine dayes: afterwards distill it through soft séething in a kettle of water. This is not onely good against the frensie, but also in the dead palsey, where the spéech is lost, against all faintnes, against all consumption: it repugneth also all venime, and strengtheneth the heart; a spoonefull taken thereof at once.

These franticke persons are to be alwayes kept sober in eating and drinking, as is expres∣sed, and to vse cooling things, for necessitie requireth the same: They must eschew wine, and be content with small beere and Barley water, wherein the sirupe of Violets, of Roses, or of water Lillies be mixed. He is to eate Orgemond or Ptisane (called Ptisana) or any other water paps. Also all other cold herbes stewed, as Lettice, Spinage, and Sorrell, yea some require this order to be kept so directly, that they will not allow any other thing in the world. But regard is al∣way to be had to the abilitie of the patient: and héede must also aboue all things be taken, that this patient be not made angrie, nor feared, and not frighted; but as much as is possible to be kept with mirth.

For to bring the sicke to sleepe and rest. §. 6.

FOr that this maladie doth bring with it much vnnaturall watching, therefore it is néedefull to write somewhat thereof, for that is very hurtfull in the disease, because it doth dry the whole body, taketh away y^e appetite, troubleth the mind, contracteth the sinewes, weakeneth the wits: also causeth some Ague, and brin∣geth with it other inconueniences moe; as also the losse of sléepe, which is a ve∣ry bad signe in all hot diseases.

The causes why one cannot sléepe are many, as anger, sorrow, paine, heauie thoughts, a full and crude stomacke, hard meates; as Toad estoooles, Beanes, Oinions, and Mustard séede, the which do all bring terrible dreames: Also when there is an impostume in the braines, great dis∣quiet, barking dogs, and such like moe which may hinder the sléepe: these are the common cau∣ses which do kéepe one awake. But how the same is to be redressed, and how that the reuiuing sléepe is to be restored, shall be shewed hereafter.

But now to prosecute our method, there be in the frensie (called Phrenitis) which is with strong Agues, these things following prescribed.

If it happen that this patient can attaine to no sléepe, like as it commonly chanceth in such diseases, whereby the sicknesse is aggrauated; then may the sléepe be prouoked wel with inward and outward things: whereto these safe remedies are very méete.

Take womans milke, of one that giueth sucke to a daughter, foure ounces and a halfe, the brayed whites of foure egges, and white powned Poppy séede as much as is néedfull to make them to a salue; spread thereof vpon the forehead and the temples. Take the sirupe of Poppy heads, the water of white water Lillies, and oyle of Violets, each alone or mixed togither, and vse them (as hath béen sayd.) Take Henbane seedes, and séeth them so long in wine vntill it be thickish, annoint the temples of the head, the nose, and eares therewith: this is very strong, but vse it not but onely in great need. Item, take Poppy séede, & Henbane séede, of each a like much, beate them small, and temper them with the white of an eg, womans milke, and with a little Vineger; vse them as before. When one is come out of his naturall sléepe, or enféebled in his wits, then make a spunge wet in this water following, and lay it warme on his forehead and on the temples of his head: being waxen cold it is to be renewed.

Take Lettice, Violet leaues, pilled Barley, Poppy heads, the rootes of Mandragora, the white water Lillies of each a handfull, Henbane séede, Poppy seede, Lettice séede, of each one quarter of an ounce, Cammomill, Melilot, and Mallowes, of each halfe a handfull: let this séeth togither in water.

Take Cassia wood one dragme, Opium two dragmes, and Saffron one dragme, make a pow∣der thereof, and at the most take one scrupe thereof, let it stéepe in Vineger and Rose water; annoint the temples with it, it is very strong and safe. In like manner wil be for this (amongst the common things) Oxyrrhodinum vsed: whereof some stand described in the first Chapter and second §.

A Salue.

TAke one ounce of Poplar salue, oile of Violets halfe an ounce, Henbane séedes, the rootes of Mandragora, of each halfe a drag. Saffron, Cassia wood, of each one scrup. temper this together: the sléepe was woont also to be procured with this following, binding it about the necke, and to lay it vpon mens priuities, and womens breasts.

Take cold water and Rosewater, of each fiue ounces, vineger one ounce and a halfe, wet a double linnen cloth therein, and lay it ouer it.

Item, take herbes of cold natures, as Willow leaues, water Lillies, Vine leaues, and Let∣tice, séethe them in water, and wash the foresaid place, also the hands and féete therwith. This doth also, to set the hands and feete in cold water.

A potion and such like to procure sleepe.

TAke white Poppie séedes halfe an ounce, rootes of Mandragora, Henbane séede, of each halfe a dragme, vnbeaten Saffron foure graines, stampe them all together, and bind them in a cloth, and then lay them in stéepe in fiue ounces of the water of water Lillies the space of sixe howers, afterwards wring it out, and giue it to the sicke person two howers before sup∣per or dinner, from one ounce vnto thrée ounces, according to the importance of the sicknesse and abilitie of the patient.

Item, take water Lillies twelue ounces, Opium one drag. stéepe them together in thrée pints of Malmsey the space of 24. howers, then cast therein one quarter of an ounce of Salt, white beaten Poppie séedes halfe an ounce, Henbane séedes one quarter of an ounce, Lettice seede thrée drag. distill the same in séething water, whereof you are to giue going to bed, from halfe a drag. vnto a drag. This is strong inough for to cause the patient to sleepe sixe howers: wine doth also prouoke sleepe if one drinke somewhat excessiuely; in like sort also wine of Wormwood, yet that driueth away heauie dreames.

A confection and what else may be taken.

TAke conserue of Violets and water Lillies, of each one ounce, white Poppie séedes, white Henbane séedes, of each halfe an ounce, Ginger thrée dragmes: temper this together, and when you go to bed, then take the bignesse of a Hasell nut rather more than lesse: the Ginger is put thereto, to the end that his power might penetrate.

Another. Take white Poppie séedes, Endiue séedes, Lettice séedes, and Purslaine séedes, of each two ounces, Melon séede pilled, Pompion seede, Gourd séedes, and Cucumber seedes, of each a drag. and a halfe, Mandragora apples one ounce and one quarter, Saffron, Cammomill, Dill seede, of each one drag. and a halfe, Lignum Aloes, one drag. Sugar twelue ounces, honie of Violets sixe ounces: the Sugar and honie you are to séeth in the water of water Lillies vntill it be thicke; when it is almost cold, temper the other beaten small amongst it, and vse it as be∣fore from one quarter of an ounce vnto halfe an ounce. It is good for franticke persons to an∣noint the forehead, the temples, the nose and the pulse veines therewith, or to take it with the water of Lettice one hower after meate.

Another not so strong.

TAke white Poppie séede thrée quarters of an ounce, the séedes of Violets, of Lettice, of En∣diue, of each one quarter of an ounce, pilled Melon séede, Pompion séedes, Gourd séedes, Cucumber séede, of each halfe a drag. Sugar one quarter of an ounce, temper this as thicke as you will haue it, with the sirupe of Poppie séedes.

Here may you sée that Poppie séedes are vsed almost in all receipts for the sléepe, likewise all that is made of Poppie is good to procure sléepe, as the confection Diapapauer, Loch de papauere, Syrupus de papauere, and Diacodion.

A powder. Take Lettice seede and white Poppie séede, of each halfe an ounce, Endiue séede,

Henbane séede and Ginger, of each one drag. Sugar foure ounces, make a powder thereof.

But if all these things will not helpe, then must Opium of necessitie be vsed, to the end that nature may get some rest. But with what prouidence this is to be vsed, that do all experienced Phisitions sufficiently know, without whose counsell the same is not to be done.

Of the ouerheated children, when they awake out of sleepe.

TAke water Lillies or Purslaine, Willow leaues, Vine leaues, and Poppie séede with the heads, of each one handfull, let these séethe together in a pot of water, when it is then lukewarme set the child his féete therein, and stroke him well downwards, likewise also from the shoulders to the elbow. This ensuing is much more safe and expert than any thing else annointed on the temples of the head.

Item make a cloth wet in his mothers milke, or if the same be not to be had, in warme Goates milke, lay thereof vpon the forehead, and on the temples of the head, it cooleth well, and also causeth to sléepe.

Of Mania, another kind of franticknesse, which we commonly called Madnesse. §. 7.

IT is discouered how that the Mania is a mad Phrenesis, without an ague, and is described by the learned, and defined after diuers manners, which are méete to be here rehearsed. Mania (some say) is a distemperature of the vnderstan∣ding, which altereth the right and reasonable thoughts, with losse of voice, of wit, and of iudgement, which were good in health.

Other say thus, This Mania is a dottage or madnesse, and therfore a disease of the mind, which no otherwise distempereth the mind, but as any other sicknesse of the bodie, whereby can be no health. In fine, it is such a Melancholia, in case that it begin to roote in one, that they become raging mad, and must be bound, yea the common sort thinke no otherwise, but that he is possessed with a spirit.

The chiefest signes of Mania be these, vnstedfastnesse, alterations in words and déedes done without sense or reason, like as much talke and prating, much waking, leaping, great troubles, and such like.

But if they be caused of a cholerike Melancholia, then is the patient the more vnquiet, and so much the more inclined to chiding, calling, and great madnesse: but if it be mixt with burnt bloud, then do they only rage, and hold also their peace otherwhiles, the which cometh straight way againe afterwards with so wonderfull much talke, that they are hardly induced to hold their peace: they will be leane ouer all their bodie, they haue heauie dreames, spet out other∣whiles some gall, which falleth séething vpon the ground, their pulse is slow and weake, and their arteries hard.

This is verily a terrible sicknesse, not onely for the patient himselfe, but for all them that doe assist and kéepe him: and is cured through the same means that are prescribed for Phrenitis, and for this Melancholia following.

Of Melancholia, or Dementia, a wonderfull madnesse. §. 8.

THis word Melancholia is to be taken after two waies: First, for one of the foure humors of a mans bodie, the blacke part of mans bloud, whereof we haue as yet not admonished. Secondly, for a certaine sicknesse which annoyeth & wea∣keneth the braine and mind, with great trouble and heauines: and is thus de∣scribed. Melancholia is a corruption of the iudgment and thoughts, altered from their naturall kind, into an vnnaturall and spoiled maner, tempered with feare and care: through which the blacke bloud causeth a troubled and changed spirit; like as it is also true, that it is common with all melancholicke persons (be it of whatsoeuer cause it will) to be alwaies fearefull and sorrowfull: and if you demaund of them the occasion, they know not to declare or alleadge any occasion vnto you: they be so full of fantasies & maruellous imagina∣tions.

Otherwhiles they be weary of their life; neuerthelesse they shun death: they complaine not any otherwise but that they be persecuted and murthered, or that some wild beasts will de∣uoure them; yea some be also moued in their wits; albeit that they feare death much, neuerthe∣lesse sometimes destroy themselues. Other also being infected with this disease, they fall into ri∣diculous fantasies: (for an example) like as we do read in Galen of one that had a strong imagi∣nation; so that he thought he was an earthen pot, and therefore shunned the way from all such as met him, fearing that they would breake him.

There was another that so surely minded the fall of the Gyant Athlas, which should carrie heauen, that he thought that he also caried heauen, and was so weary thereof that he could no longer carrie so great a burthen, and yet would not cast it downe for feare he should bruse him selfe and all men in the world to fitters.

Some suppose and imagine that they be Emperours, Kings, Wolues, Diuels, Foules, and what may be more: some weepe, some laugh, others shun the water. Also it hath béen séene be∣fore times that learned men being plagued with this disease, afterward did not know one let∣ter. To the contrary, vnlearned men did know wonderfull artes, could speake strange lan∣guages, who also prophesied: and others that did those things that séemed to be against nature. Some feare the things which be not to be feared, nor neuer can come to passe. But in this they be like to feareful men, yea all those men who alwayes feare darknesse: for like as such outward darknesse bringeth feare with it; so doth Melancholia also cause a darke blacke bloud, which ma∣keth darknesse in a bodies minde, and a feare withall.

This is also a cause wherefore the melancholicke persons are easily possessed with the falling sicknesse.

The cause of these melancholicke fantasies do procéede most from the nature of the meates which ingender melancholicke bloud; to wit, all Venison, but especially Hares, Conies, and all old flesh, whether it be of Oxen, Goates, Bucks, Kine, wild Oxen, and rather if they be salted than fresh.

Also of great sea fishes, Salmons, Sturgeons, &c. The like also of all herbes which do not moysten, especially of Colewoorts, and all other Pottages, as Beanes, Lintels, Pease, &c. The blacke thicke Wine, old Chéese, vnleauened bread, and such like, do also increase Me∣lancholie.

The melancholicke persons are also to beware of great labour, sorrow, heauie thoughts, much watching, from great hunger, and great thirst; and eschew also great cold, dry countries and dwellings.

To the contrary is also good for them, young Mutton, Kids, Lambe, Pullets, Hens, fresh flesh broth, Egs, and whatsoeuer else is easily to be digested, and maketh good bloud, as Bur∣rage, Buglosse, &c.

His bread must be white, light and well raised: To bath oftentimes without tarying long in it, is very meete for them. In like manner the hearing of musicke and all mirth, and all well sa∣uouring and odoriferous things caried about them: this is now a general rule for all those that be assailed with this Melancholie.

But forasmuch as this griefe of the mind, or heauinesse, doth commonly procéede out of two parts of mans body, as out of the braines, and the Milt or Spléene; therefore is good héede to be taken, viz. when these grieuous thoughts and fantasies do assaile a body, as feare, sorrow, & also when anger doth get the masterie, then it is a signe that the Melancholie procéedeth out of the Spléene, and that the rather when it appeareth with swelling, & ache in the belly, loath∣some colour, lost appetite, and vomiting: if it then come so farre that the patient do disclose his thoughts in words or déeds, then it is a signe that the melancholie hath fast setled herselfe, and that it is high time to vse good aduise for it: for if this maladie do take roote, then it is vncurable. Therefore first the Liuer veine is to be opened in the hand; and if the bloud be blacke, then let it bléed as lōg as the sick person may suffer it: but if it be faire red, then stanch it presently againe. And if with this franticknes were not the foresayd signes, but that this Melancholy (according to the frensie) were caused through long continuance in the sunne, or that the patient be beaten on the head, then is his head veine to be opened, and he is also to vse purging, and meate as is before sayd; his head is to be irrigated with warme water from on high, and afterwards to be annointed with oyle of Roses, Vineger, and womans milke, and let him smell to things which

be coole of nature, as Roses, Violets, Sanders, Camfere, &c. In fine, that which is before pre∣scribed for frenzie, and in the first part of this booke for Cephalaea and Hemicrania, is also good for this purpose.

And if so be that none of the foresaid signes be present or apparant, then doth the melancho∣ly not aggrieue the head only, but it hath also communion with the hart and liuer. For this, the Median must be opened, and the sicke person gouerned (as is said before) a certain space, other∣whiles holding vp and interceassing, and then to begin againe with phisicke, and continuing this so long, till he be throughly whole.

Now in generall to write of this sicknesse, it is first to be noted, that no medicine is méet for this which purgeth by vomit, for because that the matter is heauie of it selfe, it doth couet to be purged by stooles, therefore it is good that he vse some preparatiue potions, according to the ad∣uice of a learned Phisition, and according as the patient is able. Some also commend for this a potion of Epithymus, thus prepared.

A potion of Epithymus.

THis decoction or potion do we here describe to be made after thrée manners, the which also is a sure signe that the same as well by the auncient Phisitions, as of later time, is of esti∣mation and price.

The first maketh Rasis thus: take Mirobalans Indi one ounce and a quarter, the rootes of Polypodie fiue drag. Sene leaues nine drag. Turbith halfe an ounce, Epithymus 10. drag. séeth them all together (except the Epithymus) in 36. ounces of water; then at last cast in the Epithy∣mum, afterwards take it from the fire and let it coole: straine it, and reserue it.

The second manner. Take Epithymum, Stechas, Mirobaloni Indi, of each one ounce, Miroba∣lani Chebuli, Emblici, Bellirici, Turbith, the hearbe Pyony and Agaricus, of each two dragm. and a halfe, Polypody rootes, and Sene, of each thrée drag. Fumitory, Squinant, of each one drag. and a halfe, rinds of black Hellebore roots one drag. Salgemme two scrup. Corants thrée quarters of an ounce; séeth them all together (except the Epithymum) in a pot of water a good space, then put thereto the Epithymum at the last, and let them séeth vntill thrée parts remaine: when it is luke∣warme, then straine it, and kéepe it in a cold place couered.

The third manner. Take Fumitorie, Endiue, Cicorie, of each one handfull, rootes of Poly∣pody thrée quarters of an ounce, Cuscuta, Sorrell, Buglosse, of each one handfull, Thymus, Epi∣thymus, of each one ounce and a quarter, Corants one ounce, Dates & Figs, of each one ounce, Sene leaues 7. drag. Turbith thrée drag. Agaricus halfe an ounce, séeth them altogether in a pint and a halfe of water of Fumitorie, vntill the third part be spent; then straine it, and lay to stéepe in this warme decoction two drag. and a halfe of good Rubarbe, Rinds of Mirobalani Chebuli one drag. and a halfe, Indi one drag. let them stand together: wring it oftentimes out, and kéepe it vntill you haue néede of it.

But before this potion, these pils are first to be vsed: Take Agaricus two scrup. Aloe one dra. Indy salt, halfe a drag. black Hellebore half a scr. make as many pils as you will with it for to take at twice. Three howers before the potion also you may in stead of these pils, vse the con∣fection, Hamech, or Diasena. When as now it hath thus bene continued certaine dayes (accor∣ding to the abilitie of the patient) then let him rest thrée daies, and liue soberly (drinking small white wine, and then purging againe as before) and so vntill foure times one after another, for (as is said before) melancholy is wonderfull hard to be purged. In fine, delay is in no wise méete, and the Phisition is to do his very best for to make the sicke person fat, for if that can be effected, then shall he quickly recouer his health.

And if it chaunce that he could not vse this potion, then may he take in stead therof the pils which expell blacke Choler, yet to vse alwaies before some preparatiue medicine, for which you are according to the importance of the cause, to follow the aduice of a learned Phisition. This potion following is very conuenient, take Mirobalani Indi one ounce and a halfe, dried Prunes one ounce, séethe them together in 8. ounces of water, euen to the halfe: afterwards straine them through a cloth, then dissolue therin two ounces or two ounces and a half of Manna, and vse it in the morning betimes. All the time that he shall rest, may he vse these things, as Laeti∣ficans Almansoris,* 1.65 the which is thus prepared: Take Balme, the pils of Citrons, Cloues, Galliae

Muscatae, Mace, Cinnamome, Nutmegs, Cardamome, red and white Behen, Pionie seed pil∣led, Seduarie great and small, Basill seede, of each one drag. and a halfe, Muscus nine graines, afterwards 20. Mirobalani, Chebuli, and 30. Emblici, powre twelue ounces of water theron, bray them so long in a mortar, vntill the fift part remaine: afterwards straine it through a cloth, and mixe therewith sixe ounces of cleare honie: seeth it so long, vntill all the water be consumed: waigh that which is ouerplus, and temper alwaies with twelue ounces of this decoction, one quarter of an ounce of the foresaid spices, or one ounce and a halfe in the whole quantitie, and then make a confection of it. But if you will haue tabulats or rotuls, take vnto twelue ounces of Sugar one ounce, or at the most nine drag. of the foresaid spices; you shall take of the confe∣ction the quantitie of a Hasell nut; it strengtheneth all the principall parts of mans bodie, and helpeth much the naturall warmth and concoction; it withstandeth all grieuous thoughts, and maketh also merrie, and a good colour.

A very precious Confection.

TAke Lignum Aloes, Cloues, Cardamome, Amarantus, which is burnt to powder, Roses, Burrage, and flowers of Buglosse, of each one quarter of an ounce, parched Hasell nuts halfe a dragme, sweete Almonds, and Iuiubes, of each one ounce, prepared fine Bolus 3. drag. Annis, Fennell, of each two ounces, Saffron two scrup. Doronicum, Harts bones, Seduary, Ia∣cinth, Smaragd, and Saphires, of each one scrup. prepared pearles one quarter of an ounce, Basill séede one drag. 8. leaues of beaten gold, you are to séeth this together in the iuice of Cha∣maedrios, of field Cypers, and iuice of Buglosse, of each thrée ounces, vntill all the iuice be consu∣med. But note, that the precious stones, gold, and Saffron must not be sodden with it, but be at the last tempered amongst it. Of this is to be giuen in the morning early thrée dragm. in a draught of wine before dinner and supper, one drag. and a halfe to eate, and halfe an ounce of conserue of Buglosse after it. This is especially fit for the burnt melancholie, of whatsoeuer oc∣casion the same doth procéede. If you will vse it also in Mania, minister it with the water of Violets, and of water Lillies. Now for to prouoke sléepe, you are to giue the decoction of Poppy heads, or lukewarme water of water Lillies one quarter of an ounce, and that two houres af∣ter supper.

Another Confection.

TAke burnt silke, prepared Corall, of each halfe a scrup. burnt Harts horne two scrup. pre∣pared Pearles one drag. Cardamome foure scrup. prepared Pingles two ounces, Hyssop, and Licorice, of each two scrup. Nutmegs, Cloues, Mace, Indie Spica, Cypers roots, Cucubes and Galingale, of each one drag. and a halfe, Cinnamom one quarter of an ounce, Saffron one scrup. white Sugar 24. ounces, séeth this with Buglosse water, vntill it be as thicke as honie, and then temper the rest with a little Muske amongst it.

A Powder which is much commended.

IT is said that it hath bene many times found, that they which had this melancho∣like passion, haue onely through this powder recouered health both of bodie and mind.

Take Epithymum one ounce and a halfe, Azure stone, Agaricus, of each one quar∣ter of an ounce, Diagridion one drag. 20. Cloues, this being beaten together and tempered, you are twice a wéeke to giue thereof, but at the most one quarter of an ounce at once. Or you may vse for this the confection Diamargarition, and all that is described before for the strengthening of the head, and shall be described hereafter for the comforting of the heart. To moisten the drie braines in this Melancholia, take the broth wherein the head of a Weather, or the féete be de∣cocted: let certaine Poppie heads be sod flue or sixe waumes, and so lay thereof wet clothes v∣pon the head. Or take the flowers of Borage, of Buglosse, Thymus, Epithymus, of each a like quantitie, séeth this together, and wash the head therewith.

Take the iuice of Borage, and of Fumitorie, of each sixe ounces, foment therewith the head

with a spoonge which is made wet therein: if you cannot get this iuice, then take the water of the same herbes.

Néesing is also very fit for this vse: and that is to be prouoked like as is taught in the second Chapter and 2. §. The learned do aduise, that in this disease, after the purging, the head before and behind aboue the necke is to be cauterized euen to the very bone, and to hold the holes open the space of 14. dayes. In fine, to rehearse the whole manner of curing this Melancholie, it consisteth onely therein, that the black Melancholike blood is first and last to be purged, through all meanes possible. Also good héed is to be taken vnto the Liuer, and the phisicke to be ordained thereafter.

Of the Palsey in generall. §. 9.

THis is indéede a swift, grieuous and terrible disease, which (like as is said before) hath his ofspring from the brain. It is of diuers natures, each one worse then the other, which we will comprehend in fiue kinds: the first is Lethargus, which is the sléeping sicknesse: the second is Stupor or Tremor, which is astonishing and quaking, which some call the small pal∣sey: the third is Paralysis, that is, the right or dead Palsey: the fourth is Epilepsia, which is the falling sicknesse, and all kinds of such like paroxismes, sometimes in old men, and otherwhiles in young children: the fift is Apoplexia, that is the most grieuousest, which not without reason, we do call the power or hand of God.

Because that these said sicknesses do resemble each other in many things, therfore we will before all briefly discouer what difference there is betwéene them, and wherein they do accord together. First therefore Apoplexia and Epilepsia, haue this difference, that the last mentioned is placed before in the head, the man fallen neither calleth nor cryeth out, the sinewes stirre, and are contracted towards the braine, he hath the breath almost wholly frée, and commeth quickly to himselfe againe. To the contrarie, the Apoplecticus, or he that is stricken with the dead Pal∣sey, the sicknes is ouer his whole head, cryeth in falling, the sinewes will be slacke, they haue a grieuous or no breath, and come slowly to themselues: but they resemble each other so like, that they be both caused of flegmaticke humors in the braine.

The Palsey or Apoplexia, is also differing from the numbednesse and sléeping sicknes, which is Lethargus, Subeth, and Congelatio: but in Congelatione, there is no restraint of the breath, as there is in the Palsey: secondly, it forcibly assaileth the sicke persons; they thrust, crie out, and such like, which is nothing so cum Apoplecticis.

Thirdly, that the sléeping disease commeth slowly, and the dead Palsey very sodainly. But herein they accord, that all they be altogether depriued of their vnderstanding. Subet or Stuper, doth therin disagrée with Lethargus and Congelatio, that at the last there assaileth in Lethargus an Ague, and an Impostume in the hinder part of the head: where contrariwise Subet or Stuper commeth without an Ague, and alwaies without any sorenesse, and in the forepart of y^e head.

Of the sleeping disease Lethargus, Veternus, Torpor. §. 10.

THe nature of this disease is cleane contrarie to the foresaid frenzie: for that like as they be plagued with an immoderate watching; so are they in this sicknes vexed with an insa∣tiable sléeping. It beginneth first with an alteration in the colour in the skinne ouer the whole bodie, and with a féeble pulse, somtimes with a small, and otherwhiles with a great and hurtfull ague. It is also caused out of a cold moisture of the head and braines, wherby not only the vnderstanding is enféebled, but is for the most part alwaies so spoiled, that they vtterly for∣get all that they do speake, heare and sée. The which also the gréeke name Lethargus doth signi∣fie; for this cold slime doth through his toughnesse obstruct the hindmost tunicles of the braines, where the memorie hath her seate. Amongst many causes this is one of the commonnest, name∣ly, all that augmenteth melancholy, that causeth this sléepie sicknesse: but which they be, look in other places, viz. where the melancholie is described, which the first Register discouereth espe∣cially. This maladie is caused of all meate and drinke which ascendeth towards the head, as Onions, Garlicke, Penniroyall, Mustard (howsoeuer they be drest) and such like moe: Also if he ouercharge himselfe, liueth in filthinesse, sléepeth much, and especially lieth on the backe,

whereby that the heauie flegmatike vapors do ascend into the hindermost parts of the head, which do cause there otherwhiles an impostumation or deprauation of the vnderstanding, and sometimes much gaping or yawning.

Here is also to be noted, that there be foure kindes of diseases contained and comprehended amongst these sléeping sicknesses.

First, Lethargus it selfe; Congelatio, which is the numnesse; Stupor, that is, senslesnesse; Subet, which is called of the Arabians, a very déepe sléep. And although it appeare that all these be one kind of sort, neuerthelesse they haue notable differences.

The numnesse and sléeping sicknesse do therein accord, viz. that they do both infect the hin∣der part of the braine, do take away vnderstanding, and all sensiblenesse, and preferre forget∣fulnesse.

But they disagrée herein, that in Lethargo the eyes be shut; and in the numnesse they remaine open, like as is sufficiently shewed before in the 9. §. But to the end we might speake somewhat of their signes, these are the commonest; small continuall agues with a déepe sléepe, and the pa∣tient lyeth alwayes with closed eyes; if one call him, he openeth the eyes, & shutteth them close againe by and by; the pulse is strong, but slow and sweatie, with forgetfulnesse of all that is past and done, and of present things, yea in such manner, if they aske for meate and drinke, they forget to shut their mouth to: they draw their breth slowly, and with great trouble; the going to priuie or stoole is alwayes thin, the vrine thicke and troubled, as of a foure footed beast. If all these signes (or any of them) be marked, then it is easily to be adiudged, that it is none other but the sléeping disease. But if there befall something else with it (whereof it were too long to write) then do these foresayd signes alter and change.

Now for the first meane all diligence is to be done, to let and stay that these sicke persons fall not in any déepe sléepe, through the strong binding of the outward members, like as is taught in the ninth Chapter and second §. and in other places of the Hissing of the eares, frothing and rubbing the same hard: also the plucking by the nose or beard, and women by the haire of their priuities, lowd crying, and making great noise, yea if it were néedefull, by fearing them, to the end they may be sorrowfull.

Some Phisitions begin first the cure with letting bloud and opening of the head veine: and if there be no other occasions which may let and hinder it, few dayes after the veine on the fore∣head aboue the nose. They also do further y^e bléeding at the nose, by thrusting in of swines bri∣stles and such other. Afterwards they vse strong Clisters, & two or thrée dayes afterwards née∣sing powder, for to expell sléepe therewith: and if all these will not helpe, then is one to looke if he can bring the patient to parbraking & vomiting, whether it be through thrusting in of his fin∣gers, feathers, plumes, or waxe candles into the throate, or through the iuice of Radishes tem∣pered with Oxymel, or taking a Radish, sticking here and there into it péeces of blacke Hellebore layd al night in a celler, taking out the rootes in the morning, and boyling the Radish in water, and straining it through a cloth: tempering therein one dragme of Saffron and foure ounces of vineger, whereof two spoonefuls are to be giuen him immediatly after meate.

The order of diet.

BIcause that this maladie is short, and inclineth spéedily to life or to death; therefore is no great héede to be taken for meate and drinke in this sicknesse: but thin Meade must be his onely drinke, for it digesteth and expelleth. Also he is to occupie the broth of Fitches and Barly decocted with Hen broth: it is a commodious meate for him; but of all fruites, and meates of cold nature, he must beware.

But as much as concerneth the foresayd Clisters, we shall speake thereof when we discourse of the Apoplexia: for thereby be the braines discharged from all that hurtfull matter. You must also in stead of the same, vse these suppositories: Take stone salt, and beaten Beuercod, of each one dragme, clarified Honie two ounces: make méetely thicke and long suppositories of it.

For to purge, this ensuing is very requisite: Take Hiera Picra halfe an ounce, Honie water three ounces; it is thin and bitter: or breake the Pils Cochiae one dragme, sirupe of Roses one ounce, in thrée or foure ounces of hony water: also he must drinke sometimes of this hony wa∣ter following: Take foure parts of water, and one part of hony, séeth it so long as it will cast

vp any scum. The aboue mentioned Oxyrrhodinum thrée dayes together laid vpon the head is also much commended. Or make this water, Stechas, Rue, Marioram gentle, Marioram, Bay leaues, Hyssop, and Nep, of each halfe a handfull: séeth them all together in sufficient wa∣ter vnto the halfe: dip a spoonge therein, and apply it warme to the head. This foresaid water may from on high be irrigated vpon the head, and the hearbes being wrung out to be layd in a little bag on the top of the head.

Item, take Pigeon dung, temper it with Hony, and so lay it vpon the head; you must rub well the necke with Lilly rootes or with Squils. For this are also good all these oyles ensuing vsed each by it self or mixed together, as the oyle of Beuercod, of Spike, of Piretrum, of Mustard séede, and oyle of Bayes, the iuice of Rue, or the hearbe decocted in Wine, and laid in the neck, is very highly commended.

Because then the causes require (like as is said) that the head be purged through néesing, take the things whereof we haue at sundrie times spoken, like as the first Register shall shew thée: if it be néedfull to purge yet more, you haue further instructions for it in the foresaid pla∣ces, where we haue discoursed of the Palsey.

Lastly, the patients haire is to be shorne off, and afterwards he must haue the head annoin∣ted with a salue of Mustard séede, Beuercod, and Vineger tempered together, for it is strong and hote for to consume all melancholicke humors in the hinder part of the head. There may also those things be vsed for it which are ordained for the Palsey, which be worthie of obseruation.

Of Numnesse and Astonishing, which is Stupor, Congelatio, whereon dependeth Tremor, which we call trembling. §. 11.

THe second kinde of this sléeping disease haue we ascribed to Stupor and Tremor, that is, the numnesse and trembling which commonly follow each other.

What the first is for a disease, that is discouered in the beginning of this our booke, viz. a strong cold, which comprehendeth the hinder part of the head (like to Lethargus) and maketh vnmoueable and senslesse the partie affected, and therefore is likened therein to the Paralysi, for that also (as is sayd) it is called a small Paralysis or Palsey. In this sicknesse the patient lyeth none otherwise then as if he slept, but hath the eyes open, and stirreth neither the eye lids, nor any other member of the bodie. If they do get this numnesse, as they stand, they remaine standing, or as stiffe as a sticke: if they get it writing, so do they continue sitting, as if they wrote: or if they get it with looking into the Skie, so they also remaine séeing without any alteration; whereby then the common people do get an vnbeléefe, saying, that they be taken away, and that they speake with God or with an Angell: amongst which otherwhiles Sathan doth mingle his wilinesse, whereby some do take and hold them for Saints, like as they sometimes shew foorth, that they haue seene maruels in Purgatorie and in heauen. In fine, these be likened to Idols, that do not see with open eyes, do not smell, nor heare, do not speake with open throate, neither go on their legs, like as the Psalme saith. This numnesse or stifnesse doth also most commonly take one in their sléepe, that is, if any one haue a leg or a foote stiffe, like as the learned and we also call it stéeping, and hath lost for the space of a certaine time his féeling, and motion, the which hapneth if that one mem∣ber lye too hard vpon the other, whereby the vitall spirits are kept backe: but with what infir∣mities of the braine this numnesse agréeth, is sufficiently before rehearsed and shewed.

This disease is to be holpen as the sléeping sicknesse Subet is cured, as you find written in the first Chapter §. 6. and afterwards of Cephalaea: but for this is especially commanded not to tarry long from taking of good aduise, for that if one let this numnesse grow old, then follow∣eth after it a perfect palsey.

Therefore, if any bodie haue their féete or other member benumned, or will waxe stiffe, then are the remedies to be vsed for it, which are good for the palsy, and those that shall be here∣after described, and a good diet to be obserued in eating and drinking. Also all such meates to be chosen which be warme and drie by nature, as Pullets with their brothes, and all other Fowls which make their abode in the hilly country. If this patient may also be brought to sweating, it would be very good. The neck and all other stifned members are euery where to be annointed

with Dialthaea, or Martiaton: for this is also good oyle of Costus, with a little Benercod tempered amongst it, which is speciall good for trembling. But if the maladie waxe old, then purge with the pils Cochijs, and vse otherwhiles the confection Anacardina, which is also much commended for the same: or take the oyle of Elderne flowers one ounce and a halfe, temper it amongst one quarter of an ounce of Euphorbium, and annoint the head therewith.

In like manner the head may also be annointed with the oyle of Elderne leaues, Beuerrod, and of Euphorbium, or vse this water following, which is more milder.

Take Burrage, Buglosse, Fumitorie, Stechas, Tymus, Tymiama, of each halfe a handfull: séethe them all together in sufficient water, and let the head be therewith irrigated warme, or made moist with a spoonge. The néesing is also very requisite, and this is to be done in the numnesse or stifnesse with blacke Hellebore, by reason that the same vehemently riddeth away al melancholy, wherof two kinds are here described. Clisters are also very commodious for this kind of numnes, take Mercurie, Balme, Sene leaues, rootes of Polypody, Burrage, Buglosse, Annis séedes, and Fennell séeds, of each halfe a M. Also take Bran, séeth all these together in sufficient water, and take thereof 12. or 16. ounces. Temper amongst it Hiera Ruffi, Logodionis, of each halfe an ounce, oyle of Rue foure ounces, salt halfe a drag. then make a Clister thereof.

The second. Take Burrage, Buglosse, both the rootes and hearbes, Fumitory, Mercury, of each one M. Cuscuta, Fennell, Tymus, Tymiama, Stechas, and Amaranthus, of each halfe a M. also a little Bran: séeth this altogether, and take of this decoction as much as before: afterwards put more thereto, oyle of Lillies, and Honie, of each one ounce and a halfe, Salgemma, one drag. Hiera logodion, or Ruffi, thrée quarters of an ounce more or lesse according as the patients abi∣litie requireth.

Of the shaking Palsey. §. 12.

COncerning the shaking Palsey, the which is a kind of this forementioned dis∣ease, it is therefore added to the numnesse, for that they both procéede from one kind of cause.

There be diuerse spices of this, which are here especially reckoned amongst the contagions of the braines, although they be caused through some offence or perishing of the sinewes, and are thus described: The shaking is a continuall strife of the naturall powers, which willingly and after a naturall manner are raised without ceasing, and is ouercome by sicknesse. Also, this shaking is a weakening or diminishing of mo∣tion.

This hapneth of many causes, as if one looke from great height into the depth, or like as any body should speake to a seuere Prince, a Tyrant, or any other great Sir, or Ruler; or if one sée any deuouring beast before his eyes. Also this shaking or trembling commeth of great anger, great ioy, hard binding, through great cold and darknesse, like as daily experience shew∣eth. Item through great heate, vnbridled incontinencie, much bléeding, and also when there is little bloud and spirit extant, as one séeth by them which be recouered of a long sicknes. But be∣cause that it plainly appeareth by the foresaid reasons, that this disease is caused by diuers meanes and accidents, therfore there be generally diuers remedies appropriate vnto it, wher∣fore if it procéede of perishing of the sinewes, and cold causes (like as it most commeth to passe) then is to be vsed for it all that is ordained for the Crampe and Palsey. Generally of all other hearbes there is praysed for this, Thrée leaued grasse, Comin, and Stechas, whether it be in Clisters or otherwise: of oyles, the oyle of wild Cucumbers, of Dill, of Cleauers, Articocae, which hearbe is maruellous forcible against the shaking or trembling.

For his meate, are very méete for it the braines of Hares, yong Stares, and yong Beuers, and also for all other diseases of the sinewes. These Clisters following are also to be vsed, take Centorie, wild and garden Sage, Rue and Cowslips, S. Iohns woort, and Mercury, of each halfe a M. also péeled wild Saffron séed one drag. Rue séed, Basill seede, siluer mountaine séede, of each halfe an ounce, Agaricus fiue drag. Stechas and Amaranthus, of each halfe an ounce: let them seeth together in sufficient water, take 12. or 16. ounces of this decoction, Hony, and oyle of Lillies, of each one ounce and a halfe, Sal gemma, Pil. Cochiae, of each halfe a drag. temper them well for a Clister, this is also good for the palsey and stifnesse: but if the trembling come of

excesse drinking of wine, then is the same to be forborn, or at least tempered with Sage water, or common water wherein Sage is decocted: Meade is much more méete for this then wine, or common water tempered with the iuice of Pomegranates, or Veriuice. There is also to be de∣manded, what the cause is, that the head alwaies shaketh most of all, and next after the hands: like as by experience is séene. The answer: For that the braine is a very flegmaticke part, the which imparteth her moisture to the other members. And for that the hands are next of all to the head with their sinewes, & far from the naturall warmth: they are also most annoyed with outward causes, for that they be seldome couered. Now that one may chiefly helpe this shaking of the head, (out of which might procéede much damage) first is the patient to eschew all moist and cold meate, as fish, and especially sodden Crabbes and Eeles. He is also to refraine from Spinage, Béetes, Purslaine, Cucumbers, and such like hearbes, and all that is made of dowe, except leauened bread. Item, from all sorts of pottages, except red and white pease, and Rise. All fruit is also hurtfull vnto him, except Oranges and Limons which be preserued. Milke, and all that is made of milke is he to shun like poison; and if he loue his health, he must drinke no wine. But his meate is to be wheaten bread with the bran: Also Veale, Kids flesh, and leane powdered flesh, Fennell, Mints, Rosemarie, Sage, wild Time, yellow Rapes, Parsneps, Ca∣pers, and such like, are also very commodious. For his drinke is this to be prepared; take sixe quartes of fresh Well water, and one ounce of dried Rosemarie flowers; let it séethe vntill two quartes be wasted: afterwards temper thereto foure and twentie ounces of Honie, let it then séeth againe, and scum it well, vntill there be about a quart consumed: Afterwardes straine it through a tight cloth, and let him drinke thereof in steade of wine: but if he cannot well drinke it, then temper a little red cleare wine amongst it. But if so be that he must and will drink wine, then take Rosemarie wine; for it strengtheneth the members, and also the sinewes, whether it be drunken, or the members rubd with it. The same doth also the wine of Clarie, Sage, and Wormwood, but aboue all others Rosemarie wine.

But if so be that the person be young & full of bloud, then after the vse of the foresaid Clisters open the Liuer veine in the elbowe, or vpon the hand, and let out of it foure or fiue ounces of bloud, and the next day afterwards let him take these pils following: as Cochiae, de Sarcocolla, of each halfe a drag. with the iuice of Roses, whereof are seuen pils to be made, and he must fast af∣ter them fiue howers. Also to drinke afterwards a good draught of warme wine, and an hower after he is to breake his fast. After purging he is to drinke euery morning this potion following the space of a moneth, and to fast foure houres after it. Take water of Artichokes, of Betonie, and Rosemarie of each one ounce, sirupe of Stechas and Oxymel, of each thrée quarters of an ounce: and once in twelue daies he is to vse these pils following: as Pill. foetidarum, two scrup. Cochiarum one scrup. whereof you are to make with the sirupe of Roses seuen pils, euery eue∣ning when he goeth to bed he is to eate one quarter of an ounce of Calmus, and thereupon to drinke a draught of Artichoke water. He is also from the necke downewards to the rumpe a∣long the backe bone, to be rubbed with warme clothes, and thereupon annoint it with the oile of Artichokes. He is also to drinke halfe a drag. of the powder of a Hares head burned, and that one houre before meate, with Meade, or water of Artichokes. Now after that the patient is well purged, then may he euery day two or thrée houres before meate, set boxing cups vnpickt behind in the necke.

A Powder.

TAke field Cypers, Cowslips, Lignum Aloes, Ireos, Hermodactils, Stechas, Marioram, Mints, of each halfe a dragme, Indy Spica, Graines and Rue, of each one scruple: this beaten each by himselfe, and then tempered, bestrew all the head therewith when it is shorne.

The Confection of Diamargariton.

THis Confection following is very méete for all manner of shaking: it doth maruellously strengthen the heart in all venimous accidents, and is amiable to the stomacke.

Take Cinnamom, Lignum Aloes, Cloues, Indy Spica, Galingall, Licorice, Trociscos de Ʋio∣lis sine Scammonio, Specierum, Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each fiue drag. Nutmegs, Aliptae muscatae, Se∣duarie,

Spiknard, Mace, Rubarbe, and red Storax, of each halfe an ounce, prepared Pearles, burnt Iuorie, Harts bones, Ginger, Blatia Byzantia, of each two dragmes and a halfe, Mus∣cus, Ambra, Cardamom, Louage seede, Basill séede, of each one dragme and a halfe, Camfere one dragme and thrée ounces of clarified Honie: temper these all togither, and you shall giue thereof early in the morning, and as often as is needefull in the day time; to wit, one quarter of an ounce at once.

If you will then haue Tabulats thereof, then take twelue ounces of Sugar, and one ounce of the foresayd ingredience: seeth Sugar with Lauander water; or if you desire it more cooler, then take Buglosse water, there is also at many Apothecaries Diamargariton frigidum, which is yet more cooling, because that the former is of a warme nature.

Against the trembling or shaking are all Aquae Comp. good, which are described in the eighth part, taking thereof, or the trembling member washed or rubbed therewith.

Item take Garlike, beate it with wine, and rub the shaking members with it: In like man∣ner also, with the iuice of wild Cucumbers, tempered with oyle of thrée leafed grasse, or vsed by it selfe. Take a sponge which groweth on the Iuniper tree in May, before the rising of the sun: put it into a glasse, set it in the sunne, and then will it change to water; wherewith wash the sha∣king and trembling hands, and let them dry of themselues. There is much taught in the second part, of the palpitation of the heart, which is also méete for this shaking.

For the Resolution of the sinewes or dead Palsey. §. 13.

OF the third kinde of Palsey we haue told heretofore in the beginning of the 8. §. of the Resolution in the sinewes, what manner of sicknesse it is that doth sodainly take away the frée motion and action of a part in mans body particularly, or whol∣ly, and maketh it dead & insensible. We do call the same a resolution of the sinewes, or a dead Palsey, and them that be troubled with it, Paralyticos.

This is now called by the learned, the great or dead Palsey or Resolution, for a difference of the foresayd trembling and shaking. In this are two kindes of natures hidden; whereof the one is Epilepsia, when it taketh the left or right side, and not all the whole body, & is called in Latin Resolutio, or Dissolutio neruorum, that is, a resolution or vnbinding of the sinewes, that the members haue no strength or might in them, whereof we will here speake more at large, for this Palsey concerneth not the head at all: for if so be that the head be therewith infected, then is it a right Apoplexie.

The Palsey or Resolution, whereof we at this present do speake, hath many causes: first, it is properly caused of cold moyst meates, as fish, Swines flesh, Milke, and all that is dressed therewith: all fruits, except Almonds, Hasel nuts, and Pistaces: also all cold herbes, as Béets, Spinage, &c. In fine, all that is moyst and cold is hurtfull for this sicknesse. But if one will eate fish, Porke, and red Pease, then are they to be prepared with Rosemarie, wild Time, Mints, Sage, and such like. The surfetting with meate and drinke, is in this sicknesse very preiudicial, like as also much sléeping, and chiefly for all them that be of a cold nature, and be old, or dwell in a cold or moyst countrey.

This disease may also proceede of beating, or racking of the sinewes, of anger, of feare, great cold, hard binding of any of the members, and such like more. For this, all drying and warming meates are good; as well salted and leauened bread, Partridges, Fesants, Turtle doues, and all small foules: also Mutton and Veale drest with the foresayd herbes. Some com∣mend much Kids flesh salted, the which should strengthen much the sinewes. For this is also meete all kind of drying and warming Conserues, whether they be of rootes, herbes, flowers, or spices: but wine is to be refrained as much as is possible. But in case that the patient, by rea∣son of his age, cannot forbeare wine, then chuse old red wine, which he is to drinke tempered with a little Rosemarie water: and if that like him not, then he may drinke Rosemarie water alone, whether it be decocted or distilled. If the red wine be against him or not to be gotten, then take thin white wine, and temper it with water wherein Cardamome is decocted.

Now all they that will be defended from this Palsey, they are to vse much confected Co∣riander, fasting and before meales; as also to vse white prepared Mustard séede therewith.

For this is also very good the bloud of Turtle doues drunken. This sicknesse commonly ap∣peareth

with a new and full Moone, against which you are to prepare these things following.

Take good Treacle thrée quarters of an ounce, Beuercod one quarter of an ounce, and tem∣per it with Lauander water, and take it in the morning fasting.

But if so be there appeare any beginning of this sicknesse, then do many aduise (and that rightly) that then the thumbe and great toe are to be hard rubbed, chafed and stretched out; and likewise to rub with warme clothes the necke and the backe bone downwards, that the bloud may be drawne from the head and from the heart. Also there must be a little Treacle thrust be∣hind in his throate.

Beuercod holden in the mouth and vnder the tongue is also very good. Some do also giue Beuercod and Pepper to drinke, of each one drag.

For this is also much commended Asa foetida, whether it be taken inwardly, vsed on the outside, or in gargarismes: and if you would take the same, then is one drag. and a half enough, with Pepper and Rue, of each halfe a drag. tempered with wine. This is good for all diseases of the sinewes.

The distilled water of blacke Cherries is also much praised for this sicknesse at the first, and especially if one put thereto as much Lauander water, and so take thereof thrée or foure ounces at one time.

The common order of this sicknesse is, that all remedies for this disease are applyed to the hinder part of the head, and in the beginning before the fourth and seuenth, or also before the fourtéenth day to vse no strong medicines, but onely preparatiues. And if so be that the sicke person will yéeld vnto it, then it were not amisse that he drunke no other thing the first foure or fiue daies, and did eate almost nought else but only hony water, yea also (if it be possible) to suf∣fer hunger and thirst with it. The fourth day he is to haue giuen him one drag. or a drag. and a halfe of Treacle or Mithridate, with waters méete for this disease.

It is also found by experience, that all they that be burthened with this disease, shall get great ease, if they accustome to drinke euery morning thrée ounces of Rosemarie or Lauander water, with three drag. of the powder of Pieretrum tempered amongst it.

Item take the water of the blossomes of the Tillet trée, of May Lillies, and of blacke Cher∣ries, of each one ounce, giue it him so to drinke. In like manner also stilled womans milke is highly commended for it, and all kinds of Aquae Compos.

Take ••••ced Licorice, and Annis seedes, of each one ounce, Elecampane halfe an ounce, Pyo∣nie rootes one drag. Nutmegs one ounce, Spirit of wine sixtéene ounces, Hony eight ounces: temper these all together and conserue them well. In winter put thereto one quarter of an ounce of long Pepper, vse thereof euery morning a spoonefull or twaine. This is maruellous much commended for a speciall remedie.

Another.

TAke Lauander water sixe ounces, water of the May Lillies thrée ounces, Elixer vitae, and the water of wild Poppey, of each two ounces, oyle of Beuercod one ounce and a halfe; temper it in a glasse, and then set it in the Sun the space of eight dayes, whereof in time of néede take a spoonefull, and annoint therewith the temples of the head. M. Tristrams water is also very fit for this purpose.

Of Purging.

FOrasmuch as purging is very néedfull in this sicknesse, therefore for example will we de∣scribe here a purgation. But it is aboue all aduised, y^t the sick body drink euery morning foure or fiue daies together fiue ounces of Rosemary water, and fast foure houres vpon it. Afterwards he is to take halfe an ounce of Hiera logodion, tempered in two ounces of Agri∣monie water, in the morning, and to fast fiue houres after it; or to vse these pils following: take Agaricus a scrup. Asa foetida half a scrup. Ginger twelue graines, Diagridion one graine: make pils thereof with the iuice of Hyssope. When the patient is purged, then he is to vse this potion following, for the space of eight daies together: Take the water of Agrimonie, and of Sothern∣wood, of each two ounces, put some Sugar amongst it.

Other do rather aduise this following: Take Calmus halfe an ounce, Cowslips thrée M. Saint Iohns woort, field and garden Sage, Betonie, Balme, Rue, Bay leaues, of each one M. Siluer mountaine, Balsame wood, Balsame fruite, and Basill séede, of each one quarter of an ounce, Licorice, Corants, Lauander flowers, Amaranthus, of each one ounce, clarified Honie sixe ounces, rayn water which is clarified with the white of an egge, twelue ounces; let all these séeth together vnto a sirupe.

Another.

TAke Calmus sixe ounces, Sage thrée M. Stechas thrée ounces, clarified hony sixe oun∣ces, white Sugar nine ounces; séeth them together in eightéene ounces of raine water vnto a sirupe, wherof you may take one ounce and a halfe, or two ounces at once, tempe∣red with Sage water.

Also you may vse the sirupe of Stechas, for all they be very commodious for this disease. After∣wards take the former purgation againe, or the pils of Euphorbium, de Serapino, & de Opopanaco. And if the patient by drinking of these potions do remaine bound in bodie, then is he euery eue∣ning before supper to swallow one of these pils following.

Take of the pils of Alephanginae one drag. Trocisci Alhandali, Agaricus, of each halfe a scrup. In∣die salt fiue graines, whereof make sixtéene pils.

Clisters.

TAke Sage, Rue, Stechas, Centorie, Mallowes, Mercurie, and Bran, of each halfe a hand∣full: let them séeth all together, and take twelue ounces of this decoction; temper a∣mongst it Hiera logodion halfe an ounce, Salt one quarter of an ounce, Sallad oyle three ounces, minister it warme. But for them that haue newly gotten this dead Palsey, there is to be sodden in these Clisters, halfe an ounce of rootes of Brionie, or of Pyonie, for both these are good for the disease.

Powder for sauce to meate.

THis powder is he to strew vpon the meate in stead of spice: Take pickt Cinnamom one ounce an a halfe, prepared Coriander, Cloues, Galingall, Pepper, Cucubes, Mace, Nut∣megs, of each one ounce, Calmus two ounces, Coutchenell halfe an ounce, Sugar sixe ounces: this is to be tempered together.

Another.

TAke Pepper two drag. and a halfe, Cloues, Cardamome, long Pepper, Seduarie, of each one dragm. Indy Spica, Mace, Saffron, of each one scrup. Sugar as much as you please: temper them well together.

Item, about the third day is the patient before the rising of the Sun, to take one dragm. of Treacle tempered with the water of wild Sage. This medicine is most highly commended of diuerse Phisitions.

Of Bathing.

IN this sicknesse is also bathing much commended; whereof there be two kindes naturally, as sea water; or that is sulferish by nature: Others which be prepared with herbes and such like.

For the herbe bath: Take the same hearbes, rootes, and séedes, which be named in the last si∣rupes, and one is onely to receiue the vapor, and sweate withall: or make this ensuing.

Take Bay berries, Iuniper berries, and Pepper, of each as much as you please, stampe it to grosse powder, and set the patient in a drie bath: powre of this powder on hot irons, tempred with Lauander water, to the end he may sweate well with the vapor thereof, then rub all his members infected with Venice Sope, vntill the Sope be drie againe: Also his bodie is not to be

made wet at any time with any thing, but onely as he steppeth out of the bath with Lauander water, which is to be powred on a glowing Iron, and so moisten him with this vapour. And after bathing, tarying in a warme place, the lame ioynts are to be rubbed hard with the grease of Storkes, vntill they be drie; and afterwards with the sewet of a Wether; and lastly with Buckes sewet. This being continued so the space of foure dayes, the great veine on the foote is to be opened, and boxing cups set vpon the armes: then will he be holpen.

An especiall Bath.

TAke a Foxe, vncase him, and (the bowels being taken out) séeth him in a sufficient quanti∣tie of water, and bath the sicke person with it: but yet not before that the bodie be purged, it is not otherwise permitted.

Fomentations in steade of Bathes.

TAke Sage sixe M. Iuniper berries foure M. the strong wine lées seuen quarts; let them séeth together by a small fire: afterwards put it all together in a necessarie kettle or pot, to the end the vapor thereof may euaporate and ascend vnto the lame member, and vse this so twice euery day.

Item, take drie Sage thrée M. séethe it in a pint of raine water vntill the third part be sod∣den away: at the length cast therein one ounce and a halfe of Stechados, let it séeth a waume or two: then temper amongst it halfe a pint of wine, or salt water, with halfe so much white wine, clarified honie two ounces: annoint and rub therewith the lame members. This (and other moe which follow hereafter) is approoued for this disease, if one cannot get the naturall bath, or will not vse artificiall bathes, which is alwaies to be vsed before the annointing, therewith be∣fore hand to open the pores.

Take a hote Tile, sprinkle it with good strong wine, receiue the vapors vnto the lame mem∣bers, when they then be warmed and besweated, drie them with warme clothes, and annoint them with some of the foresaid things, now with the one, & then with the other, and couer well the lame members with a good woolfes furre, or with somewhat like vnto it.

In like manner it is also good to rub the lame side with good burnt wine, or spirit of wine onely, or halfe so much white wine tempered amongst it: but if you will haue it yet more forci∣ble, then take in the stead of the spirit of wine, one of these Elixers vitae following.

A water for Inunction.

TAke Rosemarie, Marioram gentle, and Bay berries, of each one handfull, Venice Sope as much as the yolke of an egge, sixe ounces of Lauander water, temperall these together in a mortar, and let it stand a day: afterwards wring it through a cloth, the which is thus to be vsed: First rub the member well with a warme cloth, and annoint the water vpon it.

Also he is twise a wéeke for to swallow or slide downe, 9. or 11. prepared Mustard séedes, and to drinke thereupon two or thrée ounces of Lauander water, and so to continue this the space of thrée weekes: otherwhiles he may annoint the lame side with the oile of Iuniper, but not too often: for thereby might come great hurt. The oile of Costus is also especially recom∣mended for this vse, which is thus made.

* 1.66Take the rootes of Costus one ounce, Pepper, Pieretrum, Euphorbium, of each eight scruples, Beuer cod halfe an ounce, melt these all together in sixe ounces of the oile of Wall flowers, or in oile of Bay which is more forcible.

Another.

TAke powned Pieretrum, half an ounce, seeth it in sixe ounces of Sallad oile, vntill the third part be consumed, let the sicke person be annointed therewith foure times in fower and twentie howers: it is much commended of all auncient and later Phisitions.

A maruellous Oile called Hypobalsamus.

THis oyle is most highly commended for the dead palsey, and for all resolutions of the sinewes, and is thus made: Take cleare Turpentine sixe ounces, oyle of Bayes one ounce, Galbanum, Gummi Helenij, of each thrée ounces, Gummi Hederae, Olibanum, Lig∣num Aloes, of each one ounce, Masticke one quarter of an ounce, Myrrhe, Laudanum, Aloes, Beuer cod, of each thrée dragmes, powne it grosse; then ad vnto it two ounces of spirit of wine, let it stand thrée dayes, afterwards take Galingale, Cloues, Cinnamom, Nutmegs, Zedua∣rie, Cucubes, of each one quarter of an ounce, Diptamus, Comfrey, of each one ounce and a halfe: powre theron two ounces of spirit of wine: let it stand so foure dayes, stirring it often∣times about, distill it afterwards in a glasse helme. This water is called also Balme water, which must be preserued alone, so also do with the oyle: for it swageth and strengtheneth all the sinewes maruellous much.

For this is also méete the oyle of Marierom gentle, the oyle of Iuniper, of wild Cucumbers, of Tyles, and two precious balmes which shall be hereafter described in the eight part, which are especiall good for the lame members.

This salue following is very good for all lame hands: Take Lauander, Sage, of each one handfull, Iuniper berries thrée ounces, séeth all togither in wine, and rub the fingers and other members with it. And if you will haue this more forcible, temper it with the former oyles vnto a thin salue, which is wonderfully commended.

Another.

TAke Squils, Rue, Calmus, Nettle rootes, Agrimonie, Cowslips, of each a handfull, powne them all togither, and powre oyle of Nuts vpon it, and old Sallad oyle foure and twentie ounces, and well salted water or wine as much also: let these séeth togither vntill the moisture be wasted away, wring it hard through a cloth, and temper amongst it Saltpeter, Euphorbium, Pepper, oyle of Bay, of each one ounce and a halfe, Galbanum, Turpentine, of each two ounces, Waxe as much as is néedefull for to make a salue thereof. This is maruellous good against the Crampe, against the cold Gowte, and whatsoeuer ache else may procéede of cold.

Also you may make of all the foresayd oyle, salues, if you temper amongst it any grease of Beares, of Badgers, wild Cats, Hens, and Géese, of which you will.

Item take Calmus, the rootes of Lillies, rootes of Costus, of each halfe an ounce, Pepper Pieretrum, Beuercod, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sage thrée dragmes, Stechas one dragme and a half, Spicanardi, Squinant, of each one dragme, and the iuice of Cowslips which is well set∣led one ounce, of the oyle of Indie nut kernels, of the oyle of crabs, & wine, of each thrée ounces: afterwards powne all that is to be powned, the rest are to be brused by themselues: séeth this by a mild fire so long, vntill the wine be consumed, afterwards put as much waxe vnto it as is néedfull for the salue.

Item, it is reported that this salue ensuing doth preserue men from the dead Palsey: Take Bay leaues, Marioram, Rosemarie, Sage, Costus rootes, Scariola, Mints, Millet, Consolida mi∣nor, Sanicle, of each one M. Spicanardi, broad and picked Plantaine, Agrimonia, Buglosse, and Rue, of each one M. and a halfe, Wormewood, Smallage, Saint Iohns woort, red and white Roses, of each two M. Hyssope, nettles, and Tansey, of each halfe a handfull: beate them al to∣gither, and séeth them in thrée pound of fresh butter, vntil all the iuice be consumed: afterwards straine it through a cloth, and temper amongst it white molten Waxe thrée ounces, Masticke two ounces, Sallad oyle one ounce, and make thereof a salue. This is also good to preserue one from the Gowte.

Another Salue highly commended.

TAke a pluckt Goose, taking cleane out all the intrails, and wash it with vineger; after∣wards make a dow of Sage, Frankinsence, Mastick, powned Earth wormes, Wolues and Cats grease, fill the Goose therewith, and let her be gently rosted: the fatnesse which

droppeth off is to be gathered in a pot, with some vineger. This is a very piercing salue, which doth maruellously resolue and consume all hardnesse. But if the Wolues or Cats grease can∣not be gotten, then take shéepes suet in stead thereof, and annoint the necke and lame members therewith.

It is also very requisite after the vse of this salue, to weare a plaister vpon the lame member, whereto this following is very méet: Take sixe ounces of the iuice of Rue, which is very cleare, and Pigeons dung as much as is néedfull for to make a plaister. This plaister is to be laid on the lame part.

Also you shall many times find many kinds of remedies mo in the fourth part, of the lame∣nesse and extenuation of the members.

To be noted.

IN this Resolution or Palsey, are two principall members, which are to be healed with the foresaid oyles, waters, salues, and plaisters, viz. the member which is taken, and the be∣ginning of the sinewes which are next to the same member. Take for example, if the Pal∣sey or Resolution is in the one hand, then is the same, and all the parts of the backe, from the necke vnto the huckle bone to be annointed, for that the sinewes of the hand haue their ofspring from thence.

Further, boxing cups vnpickt are to be applyed vpon the beginning of the sinewes, which do also helpe well, because that they do warme and drie them: it is good also to rub the same pla∣ces with Salt, Nettles, and Mustard seed. But alwaies after purging certaine daies together, whilest that the patient stayeth and ceaseth from purging, bathing, and such like, then is he to take euery morning halfe an ounce of the confection Anacardina, for that it is commended aboue all measure in the cold Palsey: and if so be that there be any sweate or small Ague with it, (like as accustometh to happen, which his heate causeth) then it is a good signe: but if this follow not, then is the patient to forbeare ten daies long from all vse of Phisicke, and to continue only with good meate and drinke.

It is also here to be noted, that all that is described before, is only fit for the resolution which procéedeth of cold causes: but if they procéede of hote causes, the sicknes will be augmented tho∣rough the foresaid remedies.

Palsey through fals or blowes.

IF so be that one do fall so hard, or be beaten or stricken, that thereby forthwith he be taken with the Palsey, then it is not to be holpen: but if it come slowly afterwards vpon one, the•• this salue is very méet for it.

Take Beuercod two scrup. Euphorbium one scrup. Pepper thrée graines, Pieretrum halfe an ounce: séeth all these in ten ounces of Sallad oile vnto the halfe, then temper with it fiue drag. of Brimstone, and a little wine: It is also especiall good for the Spasmus or Crampe.

Item, take Myrrhe, Opopanacum, of each fiue dragm. Beuercod thrée dragm. Euphorbium one quarter of an ounce, oyle of Lillies, and of Narcissus, of each two ounces, make a strong plaister thereof with waxe, and spread it vpon a cloth, and lay it vpon the place aggrieued.

But good héed is alwaies here to be taken of the lamenesse (and of all that might concerne the same) with heate or without heate, like as we haue alreadie admonished, that it may be known to apply the remedie thereafter.

Lauander, Rosemarie, Spicanardi, (which haue almost the same operation) are inestimably good for the Resolution which procéedeth through cold causes. Therefore all conserues which be made thereof, are not onely profitable for these causes, but also for all lost spéech and lamed limmes. If so be that any will vse any wine in this sicknesse, then is there none fitter nor bet∣ter then wine of Rosemarie, or Wormwood wine. Conserue of Sage and of Cowslips are also much commended; with other things more which are declared in the Palsey.

Conuulsion of the mouth through the Palsey. §. 14.

THis disease is thus described of the Phisitions: Contorsio is a disease which alte∣reth the naturall shape of the face: or, Contorsio is a conuulsion of the mouth and lips to the right or left side; so that it doth otherwhiles cleare shut vp one eye, and also the breath issueth out but at one corner of the mouth, whereby some∣times also the whole face is changed in colour.

In fine, it is a Crampe, with a contraction and shortening of the sinewes, which draweth the lips hither or thitherwards, and these be the most causes, (like as in the Crampe and Palsey hath bene shewed) that if it procéede of moysture, then it is a kind of Pal∣sey: whensoeuer it is caused through drith, then it is a kind of Crampe.

Also this contorsion or contraction commeth sometimes by reason of an impostume, like as in the paine of the throte, which quickly strangleth a bodie.

This Crampe or contraction of the mouth assaileth a bodie oftentimes sodainly, as in Phre∣nitide and such like, whereof at this present shall not be spoken, because that the same is com∣monly a signe of death: it commeth also not through repletion of the bodie, but through inani∣tion and drith. But we speake here onely of that which is caused of Spasmus or the Crampe, which distendeth the sinewes from houre to houre, therfore is there some aduice to be done and taken for it.

But for to expell this disease there is somewhat to be done vnto it out of hand, that there bréede not a worse matter of it, as Epilepsia, or Apoplexia. This cure is first to be begun with Cli∣sters, especially if the patient be bound, and to acuate the Clisters by little and little.

Afterwards he is to be let bloud, if it be not that this accident be so small, that there were time sufficient first to take a purgation, and to take good héede whether the vrine be cleare and well coloured, and then to open the Saluatella, besides the little finger vpon the right hand, and to let out thrée or foure ounces of bloud, and after that to purge.

These preparatiue potions is he to take first of all: take Calmus sixe ounces, Ginger and Nutmegs of each one ounce, clarified Honie nine ounces, make a cleare sirupe thereof, and giue the sicke person thereof certaine dayes together euery morning two or thrée ounces tempered with the decoction of Sage.

Afterwards he is to take these Pils: take Pill. Cochiae, de Sarcocolla, de Hermodactylis, of each one scrup. and Dysagridion two graines, make thereof 7. pils, with the iuice of Rue, and take them early in the morning fasting, and fast sixe houres vpon it: for this vse are also good the pils Foetidae. Will you then haue them more forcible? then take two drag. of the pils Cochiae, prepa∣red Coloquint, and Bdellium, of each one drag. make pils thereof as big as a pease, and if the patient be reasonable strong, then giue him a drag. at once.

Item, let his head be shauen and rubbed softly with warme clothes, vntill the skinne begin to be red, and then annoint it with this following: take the iuice of Swines bred thrée ounces, Stechados, Penniroyall, Mints, Hyssop, of each one ounce beaten, and one quarter of an ounce of Violets, temper them all together.

When he hath then purged well, and the matter is prepared, which is done in foure daies, then is he to vse euery day before meate this Gargarisme.

Take white Mustard séede two ounces, Vineger one ounce and a halfe, Hony thrée ounces, séeth them all together in a pint of water vnto the halfe, and skimme it well. But it is here to be noted, that these Gargarismes must not be vsed at the first, that they make not an affluxe of the humors, and the accident thereby be augmented.

Item, take Nutmegs, Pieretrum, Stechados, of each halfe an ounce, séeth them and vse them as before. You may also temper amongst it Oxymel of Squils.

Another. Take thrée ounces of Calmus, Vineger one ounce, and vse it as before.

This contraction of the mouth sometimes also yeeldeth much spettle, and to further the same and to make it runne the better, make this Masticatorie.

Take Licebane, Mastick, white Mustard séede, Pieretrum, of each a like quantitie, temper it with molten virgin waxe, make small balles or pellets of it as big as Hasell nuts. This is to be chewed & spit out: the same doth frankinsence & Mastick also together, or each chewed by it self.

Neesing.

NEesing is very good: wherewith it might be effected, you are to séeke for that in the first Register.

Salues.

ALso the nape and hinder part of the head, the throate, the face, and the forehead are to be annointed with the oile of Costus: but it were good, that one made first a Cypers boord hot, and bound it in a cloth, and laid it so long on the neck and shoulders, vntill the same parts were throughly warmed, and afterwards annointed.

Item take the oile of Costus one ounce and a halfe, oyle of Euphorbium half an ounce, Mints, the séede of Rue, Stechas, Penniroyall, Lignum Aloes, of each halfe a drag. oyle of Beuercod one ounce, white Waxe as much as is néedfull; besprinkle it with some Vineger of Squils, and therewith annoint all the necke from the nape to the rumpe foure times in 24. houres.

Item take Calmus foure ounces and a halfe, Ginger, Nutmegs, of each thrée drag. oyle of Costus foure ounces, wine as much as is néedfull: let them séeth together by a mild fire vntill the wine be consumed, straine it, and make a salue thereof with molten waxe.

A Plaister.

TAke Betonie sixe ounces, white water Mints, field Mints, Penniroyall, Marioram, of each one ounce and a halfe (altogether greene,) Stechas two ounces, Pease meale one ounce and a halfe, Beane meale two ounces, Saffron halfe a drag. séeth these herbes in sharpe lye vnto grout; afterwards temper the meale and Saffron vnto it, also oile of Beuercod, oile of Pepper, and of Rue, of each two ounces: lay it morning and euening warme vpon the head, and vpon the temples of the head, where this contorsion is.

Another.

TAke Opopanacum thrée ounces, Calmus thrée drag. Ginger, Nutmegs, of each one dragme, Turpentine one quarter of an ounce, melt the Gum and Turpentine, and temper it with the rest vnto a plaister; then spread it vpon a cloth, and lay it behind vpon the head, vpon the necke, and ouer all the nape.

Item, Take fresh Swines bread halfe an ounce, Marioram gentle seuen drag. Lignum Aloes, one drag. and a halfe, séeth them in a pint of water vnto the halfe: but before that the patient draweth vp this into his nose, he must first take his mouth full of hony, or sugred water, and then hold some of the said decoction in his hand, and draw of it thrée times through the right nostrill, and thrice also thorow the left nostrill, and that one hower before supper: the like also in the morning and at noone. This is very requisite for health: he is also euery day two or thrée howers before supper to swallow downe two or thrée cornes of Myrrhe.

A capitall Powder.

TAke Stechas, Penniroyall, white water Mints, and Betonie, of each one drag. and a half, Pieretrum, Costus rootes, Licebane, of each one drag. Marioram gentle, powne it, and tem∣per it all together: Strew therewith the vppermost part of the head, rubbing it gently. Also it is to be strewed thereon, when he hath annointed him with the oile of Costus.

A Lotion for the feete.

IT is also very good to vse these Lotions for the féet before meate, wherein Woodbind is sod∣den. Also the féete, the legs, the thighes, the hands, the armes and face may be washed with this decoction following: Take Bay leaues two handfuls, Iuniper leaues thrée handfuls: séeth them all together in a good deale of water, vntill it smell swéete.

Order of Diet.

THis patient is to kéepe himselfe from eating and drinking; and all other things, as is taught in the Palsey, and Apoplexie: viz. to eschew wine, to drinke honie water, to eate Kids, or young Goates, Roebucks, and Hares, rather rosted then boyled.

All his other meates are to be besprinkled with Rosemarie, Sage, Wormwood, white wa∣ter Mints, garden Mints Penniroyall, and Comin. And albeit that hot spices are also good for him, yet may he in stead thereof vse these following.

Take Nutmegs one ounce, long Pepper, Beuercod, Galingall, of each one scrup. Seduarie halfe a drag. powne all small and temper them together.

Item take Nutmegs, Ginger, of each thrée drag. of the confection of Calmus thrée ounces, Sugar as much as will suffice to make an electuarie: this ought he to vse in the morning fasting. Egges howsoeuer they be drest, Rice, Colewoorts, and Rapes he may eate. But from milke, and all that is drest with it, from all fruit, and all that is of cold a & moist nature must he refrain. A darke habitation is also méete for him, and to looke oftentimes into a looking glasse, and to force himselfe to set his mouth right: great labour also is not fit for him, but rather rest and moderate sléepe. To warme him, he is to burne that wood which is warme of nature, as Firre wood, and Iuniper wood: he is alwaies to kéepe his head couered with a Foxe furre, and to hold alwaies a péece of Nutmegge in the mouth, in the place affected, or in stead of that these Trociscos: Take Calmus two ounces and a quarter, Ginger halfe an ounce, Nutmegs two drag. and a halfe, powne them all together, and stéepe them two daies in water of Sage. Now if it be too moist, then let it drie away vpon warme ashes, and then with hony make Trociscos of it, of the weight of a drag. and a halfe, and hold them in the mouth: if you can swallow them, they will do no hurt.

And if these things will not helpe, then must he purge againe, and lastly make an issue be∣hind in the nape of the necke, and on the veines vnder the eare, or vnder the chin with an hote iron or corrosiue, and to hold it long enough open.

Of the Crampe, and conuulsion of the sinewes by the Palsey. §. 15.

THis disease is also a kind of Paralysis, called of the Grecians Spasmus, and by the Latinists Conuulsio, and it hath also no small agréement with the foresaid contra∣ction or contorsion of the mouth, (like as hath bene said already:) in like manner also with the Epilepsia, and all other diseases which be reckoned amongst such like infections, and it is described thus: Spasmus or Conuulsio, is a contraction of the sinewes and muscles against our wils, which sometimes do conuulse but one part, and otherwhiles the whole bodie. The Grecians for diuers causes, do giue this Crampe, sundrie names, Opisthotonos, that is, when the sinewes are drawne backwards; Emphrosthotonos, when they be drawne forwards; Tetanos, when one member waxeth stiffe like to a sticke. The causes of these are otherwhiles when any one is thrust into a sinew, wounded or ouerburde∣ned with too much labor or work. Also it is caused through great scowring of the body, through excessiue bléeding, through vnbridled lecherie, fright and wormes, &c. In fine, the causes do procéed of an intemperate nature, as cold which is augmented, and heate which is diminished: also of drith and moisture, according to that the body is full or emptie. Of these differences there be yet more, which are here too long to be rehearsed.

Neuerthelesse, yet can I not omit, that this Spasmus (of whatsoeuer cause that it do procéed, and especially if it be caused of a hot Ague) is not only a bad signe, but also that it is incurable: for by reason of the heate the sinewes will be a great deale too drie, and shrunke vp short, like as one for example may sée by a leather lace, or such like, if one hold it by the fire, then will it be hard and shrinketh. On the contrarie, if it be holden in a moist place, it will be lithier or limber.

When as then such kind of Crampes do assayle the whole bodie, and that the patient begin∣neth to be childish, and addicted much to sléepe, then is the disease in the marrow of the backe∣bone, which hath his ofspring from the braine. Also this disease commeth either sodainely, or

slowly: that which commeth sodainly, procéedeth of repletion of the body, and is through pur∣ging (as hath bene said of the Palsey) to be remedied.

But it must be more and oftener annointed and rubbed with the oyle of Costus, for that the humor is much grosser than in the Palsey, and may worse be consumed. But if so be that this sicknesse be by little and little bred and growne, then is the cure to be taken in hand after ano∣ther manner, viz. at the first to vse preparatiues, and afterwards digestiues are to be vsed, as followeth hereafter.

The rubbing of the lims downward is very méete, for that it disperseth and digesteth the moisture, and openeth the pores: afterwards are these salues or oyles following to be vsed: to lay plaisters vpon it, to couer the limmes with Foxe, Wolues, or Cats furre, and to kéep them warme: or if so be that one member alone be conuulsed, it is to be wrapt about with warme clothes.

Suppling or mollifying Salue.

TAke the Muscilage of Fenegréeke, and of Linséede, of each halfe an ounce, fresh butter and sewet, of each two ounces, and a little waxe, and make a salue thereof.

Digestiue Salue.

THis Salue is described before in the 13. §. viz. where it beginneth: Take Calmus, Lilly rootes, &c. Of these two salues the patient is to vse at the first the mollifying oyntment the first two daies, and afterwards the other so long also, and so forth, now the one, and then the other, vntill that the matter begin to auoid.

Item, take a fat young Cat, plucke off the skinne, and take out the intrailes, chop her small, and fill therewith a Goose, let her rost softly, gather the drippings, and preserue it well, for it is also good for the palsey through cold. You haue before in the 13. §. one salue almost like vnto this, and also one other salue more in the said discourse where it beginneth thus: Take Beuer∣cod, &c.

Take Euphorbium, Cinnamome, Saffron, Frankinsence, Beuercod, Pith, Opopanacum, the iuice of wild Rue, and drie Hyssope, of each halfe an ounce, Waxe one ounce and a halfe, Piere∣trum, Ammoniacum, of each halfe a drag. Sallad oyle as much as is néedfull for to make a salue, therewith are you to annoint the whole bodie.

Take oyle of sweet Almonds sixe ounces, beaten Saffron one drag. and a halfe, good wine euict 12. ounces, séeth them all together in a tinne pan on a mild fire, vntill the wine be consu∣med, and annoint therewith the cramped limmes, this is a noble remedie.

Many kinds of sewets or fats are very requisite for this, for to make salues thereof, viz. of Lions, Beares, Badgers, Hens, Goates, Capons, and such like, as shall be hereafter discoursed in the fift part, where we shall speake of the lame and extenuated members.

There are many more common plaisters and salues good for this, which are to be found rea∣die at all Apothecaries, as followeth hereafter. Ceratum de Hyssopo, Ʋnguentum Arragon, Mar∣tiaton, Emplastrum de Meliloto, Diachilon, Oxycroceum dissolued with the oyle of Lillies, oyle of Tyles, oyle of Foxes, of Beuercod, of Rue, and of blew Floure de luce, and all other which be warme of nature. Of the things which are to be taken inwardly, Treacle, Mithridate, confected rootes of Eringus, and also Wormwood wine are very good.

Of Bathing.

ALl Bathes which be by nature Allomie, or Sulphurish, or made artificially, are much commended. Also one may prepare a bath in this manner: take wild and tame Rue, Iuniper tops, Wormewood, Sothernwood, Penniroyall, Bay leaues, Cypers rootes, Dragon bloud, Squinant, of each one M. séethe them all together in sufficient water for to bath therein, put the patient into it, and afterwards lay him in a bed, that he may sweate. In like manner is méete for this a drie bath; but one must not abide in it long, for auoyding of swo••∣ning: you may also vse the bath which is discouered before in the 13. §. Also gargarismes and néesings.

Of the Crampe through emptinesse and heate.

IF this contagion assaile one not suddenly, but by little and little, as after an Ague, through great scowring, vomiting, or through much bléeding, then it is very hard, and almost incu∣rable, by reason that it is caused through emptinesse, to wit, of Exinanitione, neuertheles neces∣sarie meanes are not to be omitted.

First, Barly water is good for this patient, especially if there be Crabbes or prepared wood-Snailes decocted therewith, for that this drinke will almost wholly and throughly turne to nourishment.

Secondly, he may drinke well watered Wine, reare egs, and Henbroth prepared as here∣after followeth: Take a Hen, chop her small, and put her in a Can, powre Rosewater vpon it, and Wine, of each a good spoonefull, stop it tight that there can come no vapour out, and so put the Can into a Kettle of séething water, and take cleane away the fatnesse. But if the patient be very weak, thē take a Capon and rost him a little, afterwards drip it with vnsalted Lard,* 1.67 beate him and presse out hard the iuice, temper it amongst the foresaid Henbroth, then will the same be the stronger.

A better Broth.

LAy a drest Capon in wine, powned and distilled in a glassed helme; that water strengthe∣neth much in extreme debilitie: temper also amongst it the yolke of an egge. Item, chop a Pullet, hang the péeces on thréeds in a great glasse or pot, stop it tight, and seethe it thrée howers long in a Kettle of water, and vse the liquor that hath dropped out of it. If you will make it more cordiall, then lay therein ten or twelue péeces of gold. For this is also milk méete; first womans milke: secondly, Asses milke: thirdly, Goates milke, as new as you can get it. If so be that there come a scowring with it, then steele the milke with stéele or flint stones.

The meate which he is to vse and take whēsoeuer there is an ague with it, ought to be Kids, Lambes, and Hens, wherein Spinage, Mallowes, Béetes, Purslaine, Lettice, or such be de∣cocted. Watered wine is also permitted, if there be no heate perceiued.

For Strengthening.

TAke Pullets or Kids flesh which is méetely sodden seuen ounces, chop it small; temper amongst it Cardamome, Cloues, Cucubes, Galingall, Ginger, Nutmegs, Dragagant, and Gum, of each one drag. Mace, Saffron, of each two scrup. Starch. Licorice, Currants, pilled Almonds, Pine apple kernels, Sebestes, Pistacies, pilled Melon séede, Pompeon seede, Gourds, and Cucumber seedes, white Poppie seede, Lettice seede, and Purslaine seede, of each one quarter of an ounce, Sugar pennets foure ounces; dissolue it in Buglosse water, with other Sugar as much as is needfull for to make a confection thereof.

Of Bathing.

FOr this disease is also commaunded for to bath in luke warme water. But to the end it might be the more forcible, cooling hearbes may be decocted therein; as water Lillies, Vio∣let leaues and Willow leaues. For this purpose also, bathing in milke is much commen∣ded. Item, at last shall the beginning of the sinewes be annointed with warme oyle of Violets, oyle of Pompeons, and such like, thereby to stay the exsiccation of them.

This salue following is also maruellous good: Take Hens and Ducks grease, and the mar∣row of Calues bones, of each halfe an ounce, the muscilage of Fleawoort, Dragagant, and Gum, of each three drag. oyle of water Lillies, and Willowes, of each one ounce and a halfe, Waxe as much as is needfull for a salue, annoint therewith all the backe bone. It is also good for all other members.

Crampe through wounding.

BVt if this Crampe or contraction of the sinewes do come through any wounds then are the oiles of Cammomill, Dill, and Flaxe tempered together, or each alone requisite & fit for it.

Item take wine lées, temper some beaten Allume amongst it: this is of a maruellous force and operation.

Take Linseede, and Fenegréeke meale, powned Dill séede, Henbane rootes, and Annis séedes, of each a like quantitie: temper them with the foresayd oyle, and lay it warme vpon it.

Here be also two experiments which euery one may proue: Take Victorialis longa, other∣wise called Allium Alpium, and weare it alwayes hanging about the necke: it should defend a body from the crampe. The second: Plucke off an Eeles skin, and let it be dressed like leather; when you be plagued with the crampe, then lay it vpon it; and when the skin is warme, then ceaseth the paine.

Of the hag or mare Ephialte, and Incubus. § 16.

ALthough that we haue reckoned among the fiue species of the palsie or Apoplexy, the falling sicknesse Epilepsia to be the fourth; yet doth method first of all require, to write of this sicknesse, the which through vnbeléefe is with vs called the hag or mare, bicause that this Incubus is a messenger of a future falling sicknesse.

The vnbeléeuers make thereof Daemonium insultans, which is an vpstarting and pinching Deuill, the which we also in this country, as is sayd, make one another to beléeue, that they be witches. But in truth it is none other but a naturall sicknesse, as hereafter shall more euidently appeare.

The Incubus is thus described: Incubus is a sicknesse which vexeth the body, whereby both motion and speach is taken away. Or more larger; Ephialtes is a sicknesse, when a body is in his first sléepe, lying on his backe, doth suppose and also beléeue none other, but that somewhat crée∣peth vpwards from his féete vnto the brest, the which wringeth, & vexeth him there as it were a ghost, & so wholy hindreth his breath & voyce, that he cannot call for any helpe, yea it séemeth that it would murder him: therefore is otherwhiles heard of them, that be vexed therewith, such a kinde of groning, that as soone as the vexation or torment is past, they awake with great feare and trembling.

And albeit that this disease of it selfe alone is troublesome inough, neuerthelesse somewhat else is to be feared thereby, viz. the conuulsion or madnesse which is Mania, and (like as it is already sayd) the falling sicknesse Epilepsia, and especially of them which haue great head veines; bicause that the braines (as the place of the vnderstanding) are thereby enféebled.

Now when as such accidents come, then is there no long delay to be looked for: therefore it is méete indéed that there be aduice taken for it out of hand, & first of all to take good héed, whe∣ther the sicke person haue a good colour. And if so be that also his veines be full, then is the Sa∣phaea to be opened; secondly (if néede require) the Cephalaea; thirdly, the veine of the forehead, or vnder the tong. And if great heate of the time, or any thing else do hinder it, then set thereon two boxing cups with picking, the one vpon the right brawne of the leg towards the héele, the other hard by the ham: but if it amend not thereby, then set two vpon the shoulders.

Also it is very néedefull to obserue good order in eating and drinking, and to refraine from wine, swéete things, and especially of all that engendreth bloud.

Some allow wine, yet that which is thin, white, cleare, and well watered, drunken soberly.

For his meate are all fowles good which haue abode in hillie countries, better than any foure footed beasts: yet of these, the wild are alwayes better than the tame.

Item new layd egs sodden reare, Capers, with Oxymel are good for him in the beginning of supper; he is to eschew fish, and especially sodden fish: he is to shun all fruit, except Raisons, Pingles, Pistacies, confected Peares, Quinces, and such like.

All herbes be also forbidden him, except Fennell, Dill, and Buglosse: but Rue, Sage, Mar∣ierom gentle, Hyssope, and Rosemarie are especial good for him, which are rather to be reckened for medicine than for nourishment.

Furthermore, he is to refraine these things, as the Sunne, cold winds, the fire, the smoke, incontinencie, bathing, wearinesse, care, much vexation, déepe speculation, and especially two howers after meate, all great noise, to looke from any height, to looke vpon whirling things, or that turne suddenly about, and all that shineth much, all strong sauors, long sléepe, especially after noone, much watching, and such like: but méetely mouing after dinner is very good. Also

he must be rubbed otherwhiles from the shoulders to the brest, vntill beneath vpon the legs, with warme clothes.

And when that is done, then is the head to be kemmed and wel rubbed. Piony rootes worne about the necke, and smelling oftentimes vnto them, are also very good. 15. Piony kernels pée∣led and drunken in honied water, do much hinder and let that the vapors which might obstruct the braines, should not ascend vpwards, and do also strengthen the braines.

Confected Mirobalani Chebuli taken euery morning doth strengthen the head & the braines, and driue away the mare. If the sicke body looke bleake in the face, then it is a signe of Melan∣cholie. Therefore is he to vse the pils Cochiae oftentimes, to the end he may be well purged. Fur∣ther, he is no otherwise to order himselfe in eating and drinking, than as is shewed in Epilepsi••; for that Incubus is none other than a small falling sicknesse, or Epilepsia.

This water following is very good for to purge: Take Hyssope two handfuls, Currans one ounce, seeth this togither in a pint and a halfe of raine water vnto the halfe, take thereof three ounces, of Oxymel of Squils one ounce and a halfe, drinke it euery morning continuing the space of eight or ten dayes, méetely warme.

When the body is purged, then is the head also to be purged with this gargarisme ensuing: Take Hyssope, Currans, and Oxymel sodden togither with water, & gargarise therewith. Née∣sing is also behoouefull, like as hath many times béene expressed.

In like manner may you carrie these little bals or pellets in the mouth. Take Penniroyall one ounce, seuen fresh Figs, long Pepper one dragme, Pieretrum halfe a dragme, powne them all togither, and make pellets or round bals of it. It is also maruellous good twise a wéeke in the euening and morning to take a halfe a dragme of Treacle or Mithridate, with thrée ounces of water wherein Piony rootes are decocted.

If this disease be caused through great cold of the head, then it is to be annointed with the oile of Costus, of Rue, or oile of Bay: But if it be caused through ouercharging of the stomacke, then it is to be holpen with vomiting, clisters, and such like.

For this is also to be sought to strengthen the hart and the braines, which is very conueni∣ently done with this confection following.

Take red Corall, Harts bones, Pearles, and burnt Silke, of each halfe a dragme, Galingale, Cardamome, Graines, long Pepper, Cloues, Nutmegs, cleansed Mirtle, and Piony kernels, of each one ounce and a halfe, Cinnamom one ounce, Mace, Saffron, of each one dragme, white Sugar thirtie foure ounces, séeth it vnto a sirupe in Buglosse water, and make an Electuarie of it. In the winter hony is to be vsed in stead of Sugar, whereof you are to take in the euening and morning the quantitie of a great nut, and thereupon to drinke a draught of water where∣in Piony rootes are decocted.

The confection of Diathamaron and Diambrae are also very méete for this purpose.

For a conclusion, if so be that these foresaid remedies brought not health with them, then are they once againe to be vsed.

At the last cast or néede, there must be plaisters layd vpon the head, that corrode the flesh and skin on the forehead, wherin the scul is ioyned togither, which is to be made with Mustard séed or Cantharides, as is taught in this Chapter in the second §. and in other places, or to open it by an actuall cauterie.

Of the falling sicknesse, called Epilepsia. §. 17.

WE name this sicknesse with sundry names. And albeit that it be but one kind of sicknesse: notwithstanding it séemeth by diuersitie of the names to haue some smal difference. The Grecians do call it Epilepsia, the Latinists Morbus Comitia∣lis, Caducus, Herculeus, and Lunaticus: the which we haue comprehended all vn∣der foure kinds of Apoplexies, and taught also therby, that this falling sicknes (as also all other) is an infection of the braine.

This is a quicke and spéedy distraction of the vnderstanding, whereby the partie is so spoy∣led and robbed of all his wits, powers, remembrance, and all the vse of his members, that he must suddenly and vnawares fall downe to the earth, some, and lye a certaine space without motion, séeth not, heareth not, neither féeleth, and somtimes, also doth forcibly stir and cast him

selfe about; when he commeth to himselfe againe, he knoweth nothing of it, what is happened vnto him, although there be some that know all that was done with or about them.

The causes of this sicknesse are diuers, for that it proceedeth of the foure humors of the bo∣die, and doth chiefly take his beginning of Phlegma, next of Melancholia, sometime of the bloud, and seldome of Cholera. This is also increased by excessiue eating, drunkennesse, all sauors of meates; and of all things which fume vp into the head, as Onions, Garlicke, raw fruites, and such like, that be of a cold and moyst nature, wormes of the belly, whereof the venimous va∣pors ascend vpwards out of the stomacke towards the head, putrifaction of the detained natu∣rall seede, of obstructed termes in women, like as oftentimes also happeneth to women which haue first conceiued, to sit long in the Sunne with a full stomacke, to eate or smell to Bucks li∣uers. Also thunder and lightening do hurt them, whereby they are wont quickly to fall, as also long and much sleepe, and all that increaseth Phlegma.

There hurteth them also, who are infected with this sicknesse, the South wind, cold & moist countries, and the smell of these fiue things following, as Goates hornes, which is so forcible, that they that suppose to be cleane rid of this sicknesse, receiuing the sewet therof, must immedi∣atly fall to the ground. Item Galbanum, Myrrha, Benzuin, and aboue all the herbe Smallage, like as it is found, that it hath caused one to fall only through looking vpon it, therfore such persons must and are to be kept from them. Youth is also more subiect to this disease than age: but it is easier to be cured in young persons than in old, like as shall be more at large taught hereafter.

The signes of one that hath the falling sicknesse, are these: if he fall suddenly to the earth, bendeth him, beateth or striketh from him, loseth his vnderstanding, and tometh at the mouth, if thereby his vrine, nature, or excrements passe away; then it is a signe, that the sicknesse is the stronger.

Order of Diet.

IT importeth as well young as old people in this sicknesse, like as in all other sicknesses, but for this sicknesse must regard be had, especially of the age and youth, nature, custome, and abilitie of the patient.

In common falling sicknesses is first to be eschewed all cold moist and watrie places, in like sort also all meates cold of nature, all that bringeth with it slime, and obstructions, as Dow, Milke, Fish, Gourds, Lettice, Béetes, Spinage, Pur∣slaine, Cucumbers, and fat flesh. Item all strong things, as Onions, Garlicke, Scallions, Ra∣dishes, Coleworts, Mustard séede, all that is much salted, and all Spices. Item, fresh water, all strong wine, be it red or white, and chiefly sweete, they are very hurtfull: like as is also to eate too much, and to swallow downe meate vnchewed, and to eate againe before the former be digested, long sléepe, and principally to sléepe by day, he is vtterly to eschew.

But on the contrarie, all his meates are to be drying, as Mutton, Partridges, Pheasants, all wood Fowles, with some Pepper, Zeduarie, and Galingall prepared, and alwaies rather rosted then sodden: his drinke must be thin, cleare, small red wine; but if the wine be somwhat strong, then it is to be tempered with the water of Buglosse, or the water wherein Betonie rootes are decocted. Great motion is not fit for him, but rather much rest.

The remedies which are to be vsed for this falling sicknesse are most of them here before (where we haue discoursed of the hag or mare) described, which according to the importance of the cause must be vsed for old folkes, which be burthened and troubled with this disease.

And because (like as before is discouered) the young children by reason of their moisture, whereof they be full, are more subiect to this sicknesse; therefore we will first (as much as shall concerne that) describe these meanes, and remedies following.

Of the Falling sicknesse in children.

VVIth sucking children nothing is safer to be taken, than that the mother or nurse doe obserue a good order of diet, eate meate that is light of digestion, and that moderate∣ly warmeth, that she refraine man, and all that maketh grosse bloud. And if she be conceiued, then is the child to sucke no more at any hand: before meate she is to moue and stir

well, and to drinke watred wine or small Béere: she is to refraine and leaue all fruits, and espe∣cially those that be cold and moist. In fine, she is not to gouerne her selfe otherwise than if she were her selfe infected with the falling sicknesse.

When as the child doth waxe stronger, and beginneth to féede on other meate, then it is to be gouerned according to the importance of his age, and of his sicknes, like as by this prescription (and other Chapters written to this end) may be seene.

These are alwaies the remedies which by the auncient Phisitions be commended for young childrens falling sicknesse, and are found profitable.

Take water of Rue, May Lillies, of each a like quantitie; giue a spoonefull thereof or more, according to the bignesse of the child, make péeces of Tiles hote, lay chopt Rue theron sprinkled with vineger, hold him that before his nose: the same is also good for ancient people.

Temper Conserue of Violets in Endiue water, or Pyony water; this is very good if there be any heate mixt amongst it.

Make thicke Almond milke, temper therein as much Sugar that it be as thicke as pappe, wipe thereof in the childs mouth, it nourisheth well, bringeth sléepe with it, and defendeth the stomacke from all foule stinking humors: the water of Chickwéeke is also very requisite for this.

Others do commend much for this, the water of Cowdung: and if it cannot be had, then is the Cowdung to be broken into faire water, and strained through a cloth, and to giue thereof halfe an ounce at least.

Item, take the water of blacke Cherries, water of Tillet blossomes, of each a like quantitie: giue it in the time of sicknesse, or when it is thought to be at hand.

The fish that is called Mustella Fluutatilis, or Trinca, called Trisca in Latine, hath two small bones lying vpon the braines, which are to be dried and powdred, and giuen to the child. These are maruellous good: but these small bones are to be taken out of an vnsodden fish, for when they be sodden they haue lost their vertue.

It hapneth also, that children when they be full of wormes do get the falling sicknes, which is very dangerous: against which you shall find hereafter in the third part, where we shall dis∣course of the wormes, sundrie good aduises.

Take young Magpies out of the nest, distill water of them, and giue to young children a spoonefull for the Falling sicknesse.

Another. Take three young Magpies that cannot flie, Vngula Alcis, thrée drag. Harts horne shauen one drag. and a halfe, distill them together, and vse them as before: it hath bene often prooued.

Item, take Carduus Benedictus water two ounces, Lauander water halfe an ounce, when you perceiue that the falling sicknesse will assaile any bodie, whether they be young or old, then looke that you get a young hare, which sucketh still, take the maw out of it, (hang it in the aire that the milke may drie in it) wherof giue to the sicke person one drag. or lesse (according to the importance) powdred with fresh water: for this are Pyony kernels good, worne about the neck, and also the powder thereof taken, the roote sodden, and dronken thereof, and the powder strew∣ed vpon the meate, is also very good.

A good Powder.

TAke prepared Pearles one drag. red Corall halfe a drag. Miscleden one drag. and a halfe, prepared Amber two scrup. Harts bones one drag. Pyonie séede, and the rootes, of each halfe a drag. white Sugar one ounce, beaten gold sixe leaues: of this powder is euery wéeke one drag. to be giuen with Betonie water: Sometime also halfe a dragme or a dragme tempered with a little broth.

A Powder.

TAke halfe a drag. of the scull of an executed man, prepared Pearles one drag. Harts horne two scrup. Tormentill, Seduarie, of each two scrup. Sugar candie one ounce and a halfe, fiue leaues of beaten gold; temper them all together, and giue it to the sicke body with Pyonie water and such like.

A Confection.

FEtch these things following at the Apothecaries: take Diapenidium at the Apothecaries thrée drag. Pliris Arcoticon, one drag. Diambra halfe a drag. Cinnamome one drag. and a halfe, Nutmegs, Cucubes, of each two scrup. Ginger one drag. Sugar eight ounces, melt them in Pionie water, and make a Confection thereof.

All that is before written of yong children, is also to be vsed for aged people, taking alwaies good héede, whether the sicknesse be great or small, and also with that which followeth hereafter.

Yet more of the Falling sicknesse.

BVt if so be that the Falling sicknesse doth assaile young, full growne, or auncient people, then (besides all that is already discouered) this is one common and necessarie rule, that euery one which is infected with this sicknesse, kéepe himselfe at home in rainie weather, in places which be warmed with fuming workes and fire, and be also drie. The chamber is to be strewed with herbes, which are necessarie for the falling Euill as Rue, wild Time, Rosema∣rie, of each halfe a M. powne them, and make them in a bagge thrée quarters long, at night lay it on both sides vnder the head.

If there be then any one infected with this sicknesse, that perceiueth something to ascend or clime vp out of any member of the bodie towards the head, then must he, as soone as is possible, and before that he falleth or goeth beside himself, bind hard the place where he féeleth it créeping vpwards, wring hard the fingers and rub the féete, set boxing cups behind on the neck, without picking, thereby to suppresse the ascending vapors, and afterwards (if it may be possible) for to set or minister vnto him this Clister following.

Take Swines bread, black Hellebore, Centorie, fresh white Daffodill, of each one drag. wild Saffron séede halfe an ounce, seeth this in a quart of water vntill the halfe. Take 13. ounces of this decoction, temper therein Hiera logodion, one ounce, oyle of Euphorbium 10. drag. Salgemme one drag. and a halfe, temper all these together, it is a very strong Clister for to draw the matter out of the head.

Set also great boxing cups on the inside of the thighes, besides the buttockes, and rub well his armes and legs downward.

Take the iuice of Swines bread, the séede of Rue, the Rennet of Hares mawes, of each one quarter of an ounce, stirre them together in a mortar, blow that into his nose through a Vul∣tures quill: there haue bene before times maruels wrought thereby.

There is also a great noyse to be made about the patient, to open his eyes, and hold great light before them: when he is come to rest againe, then is he to purge often with these pils Co∣chiae (or some other) but vsing alwaies before certaine Iuleps, thereby the more easily to take away the humor. Whilest that he vseth these potions, he must presently vpon it, likewise also two howers before meate, take and vse the quantitie of a Nutmeg of this conserue following.

Take Pistacies shaled, which haue bene stéeped one night in Pionie water thrée ounces, Doronicum, Harts bones, Burrage, and Buglosse flowers, Violets, Roses, of each one quarter of an ounce, red and white Behen, of each one drag. and a halfe, Basill, red Corall, of each two drag. and a halfe, Iacint, Smaragda, Saphir, of each one scrup. Graines, Lignum Aloes, of each two scrup. water Lillies, and Yuorie, of each foure scrup. fiue leaues of beaten gold, Muscu••, Ambra, of each fiue graines, Honie of Roses, sirupe of Citron peeles, of each fiue ounces, Sugar thrée ounces: you are to séeth the sirupe and Sugar in foure ounces of Buglosse water vntill the water be cleane consumed: breake the Muske and Amber in a litle Lauander water, and temper all the rest amongst it. This may be also vsed whensoeuer he vseth not the other pot••∣ons, and so forth now the one, and then the other.

It is also aduised to couer the place whence the disease is caused with plaisters, which make blisters, and to let them lie so long vpon it, vntill the blisters be drawne full of water, and break of themselues, and runne out; the which are not to be suffered to shut in ten daies; to the end the moisture haue his full course, for this is one of the most principall remedies that is méete for this maladie.

Plaisters which raise and draw blisters.

TAke Mustard séede, Pepper, and Euphorbium beaten small, of each one drag. Honie of Ana∣cardio, as much as is néedfull for a plaister: spread this vpon a cloth the bignes of a Doller, and lay it on the place where you desire.

But this ensuing is generally vsed: Take Cantharides (heads and wings broken off) one quarter of an ounce, Honie of Anacardio, and sowre dowe, of each one drag. strong vineger as much as is néedfull for to temper it together: lay this vpon it as is said, when the blister is full, open it with a needle with a thréed in it, and leaue the thréed behind, that thereby the humidity may be let out. Item, take blacke Sope, quicke Lime, of each one quarter of an ounce, mixe them together.

A Stronger.

TAke Cantharides prepared as before, quicke Lime, of each a like quantitie, temper them with the iuice of Daffodils, some do burne it with iron or gold.

When as these blisters haue run enough, they are to be healed with this salue: Take Aristo∣logie, Ireos, Myrrhe, Frankinsence, Sarcocolla, of each one drag. oile of Roses foure ounces, Waxe as much as is néedfull; make a salue thereof. For this also is aduised to set boxing cups with small picking vpon the same place: And if the patient, before the sicknes assailed him, were grieued with any kind of vomiting, with griping and panting of the heart, and came thereby to fall: then is the vomiting or casting to be furthered by all manner of meanes.

Take blew flower de-luce rootes one ounce, Aristologie halfe an ounce, Centorie, garden Mints, Wormwood, Rue, Sage, Hyssope, Polypodie, Mallowes, Mercurie, of each a M. Sil∣uer mountaine, Ameos, Dill séede, wild Rape seede, and Basill séede, of each one quarter of an ounce, beaten Pionie seede, and a little Bran: séeth these all together in a good deale of water: of this decoction you are to take 14. ounces, temper therein one ounce and an halfe of Honie, salt one quarter of an ounce, Hiera Picra, three quarters of an ounce, oyle of Rue two ounces, make a Clister thereof.

For to Purge.

HAlfe an ounce or one ounce of Hiera Picra taken oftentimes, is very conuenient. But it is better to vse first some preparatiue potions, which are thus to be composed.

Take blew flower de luce roots, or Ireos, Pyonie roots, Fennell rootes, and Aristologie, of each one ounce and a halfe, prepared Squils one ounce, garden Mints, and Wormwood, of each one handfull and a halfe, wild Thyme, Miscleden, wild and tame Sage, and Rue, of each one M. Annise, Fennell séede, Pyonie seedes pilled, of each one ounce; Siluer mountaine, Bas••••l séede, of each halfe an ounce; Licorice, Raisins, and Stechas, of each one ounce, the iuice of Fu∣mitorie (or the water) two ounces, clarified honie sixe ounces, Sugar nine ounces: seeth the herbes, séedes, and roots all together; afterwards wring it out hard, and with the decoction, the Honie and Sugar make a cleare sirupe: giue thereof to the patient the space of certaine dayes together one ounce and a halfe, or two ounces, with any of the waters méete for it. And because that the foresaid Hiera is gentle in purging, and this sicknesse doth require strong things; ther∣fore take Hiera Picra two drag. and a halfe, prepared Coloquint, and Bdellium, of each halfe a scrup. Masticke thrée graines, make pils thereof with the iuice of Wormwood, and giue the pa∣tient one drag. at night going to bed.

In like sort when he goeth to bed, then is this salue following, the quantity of a Hemp séed, to be wiped at the least thrice a wéeke in the patients nose: Take Oxe gall one quarter of an ounce, Starch halfe a drag. Nigella séed halfe a scrup. Marioram gentle sixe graines, white Hel∣lebore 5. graines, Euphorbium 3. grains, powne all reasonable small & temper it well together.

After Purging.

AFter purging is the sicke person to vse a comfortatiue, as hereafter followeth: Take pre∣pared Pearles halfe a drag. Galingall and Cinnamom, of each two scrup. Seduarie half a

scrup. prepared Coriander, red Coral, of each one drag. Nutmegs, Cloues, Cucubes, Coutche∣nell, Annise and Fennel, of each fiftéene graines, yellow Saunders, and Masticke, of each fiue graines, Diptamus, Misselden, pilled Pyonie séedes, of each two scrup. confected Citron pilles halfe an ounce, Sugar Candie halfe an ounce, conserue of Roses, and of Stechados, of each thrée dragm. but if the Conserue of Stechas cannot be had, take powned Stechas one dragme, sixe oun∣ces of Sugar decocted to a sirupe in Rose water, and then temper the rest amongst it. In like manner are other stomachicall things to be vsed; for which Masticke is highly commended.

For strengthening of the stomacke is this shield worne: Take Mastick thrée ounces, Spike∣nard, Roses, Frankinsence, of each one drag. stampe them all together, and make it to a plai∣ster with odoriferous wine, spred vpon leather, & lay it vpon the stomacke: if it will not cleaue fast, adde waxe, and oyle of Masticke as much as is néedfull vnto it.

Another.

TAke Laudanum, and Masticke, of each one ounce and a halfe, Frankinsence one quarter of an ounce, Galingall, Seduarie, and Annise séeds, of each one drag. and a halfe, Roses, red and white Saunders, of each one drag. garden Mints, and Bloodstone, of each one quarter of an ounce, Turpentine one ounce, melt the Laudanum in the Tuipentine in a warme mortar with a little of the iuice of wormwood, temper the rest beaten small amongst it, and make a plaister or shield of it: you shall haue moe of these shields for the stomacke in the third part.

After the vse of the purgation, the patient is to take once a wéeke at least, early in the mor∣ning, one drag. of Mithridate tempered with Balme water, and thereupon to remaine lying the space of foure howers, and to sléepe if he can without vsing any thing else the same day.

A Bagge.

TAke Species Electuarij de gemmis, Laetificantis Almansoris, of each one quarter of an ounce, Mace one drag. Marioram, Indy Spica, Lignum Aloes, and red Stirax, of each halfe a dra. each stamped alone, make a silke bagge and weare it on the left breast; when it is besweat, then let it drie againe.

Here followeth yet many a good remedie.

TAke Pieretrum, Masticke, of each a like quantitie, temper them with molten Waxe, and make small bals or pellets thereof, of the bignes of a Hasel nut, chew them and spet out the slime, kembe your head oftentimes, and annoint it with the oyle of Masticke and Spikenard: the Gargarismes which follow hereafter are very méete for this sicknesse, Take Ireos, prepa∣red Squils, of each one ounce and a halfe, Hyssope, wild Thyme, of each one M. Pieretrum one quarter of an ounce, Licebane, Masticke, of each one drag. white Hellebore one quarter of an ounce, Pyonie séede pilled, and Ginger, of each fiue drag. Raisins (the stones taken out) two ounces, Vineger halfe an ounce, clarified Hony thrée ounces: seeth all that is to be sodden, af∣terwards temper the vineger and hony amongst it.

Neesing.

THe Néesing (like as it is oftentimes said alreadie) is very speciall good, thereby to purge the braine. But for this sicknesse are Pyonie rootes beaten commended aboue measure, and blowne into the nose. If you temper this powder with the iuice of Rue, and drop it into the nose, then will it be more forcible, for the Rue hath a maruellous operation against the falling sicknesse, like as hath also Spikanardus: these foresaid things are also good beaten, and smelled to the other, as this small bag following.

Take wild Rue beaten halfe an ounce, Siluer mountaine one quarter of an ounce red Sti∣rax one drag. and a halfe, Pyonie rootes fiue drag. temper them well together, and bind them in a little bag or cloth and smell vnto it.

Of things that may be hanged about the necke.

IN this falling sicknesse are some things highly commended of all the famous Phisitions, to be hanged about the necke, and they alleage thereto also certaine reasons and experiences, wherewith they do proue and shew, that they that weare them about the necke, do not fall, and omitting it, their disease presently returneth. This is also no misbelief, like as the com∣mon people thinketh: but it is the smell or sauour, which doth most vehemently withstand this euill, and therefore is the same at no hand to be omitted. Some write also, that the red Corall and the Emerald hath the same vertue, which experience must teach vs. This happily hath bin (as hath bene sayd) a cause of some superstition, as commonly it befalleth, that good things are abused: for euery one can tell, that the Gospell of Saint Iohn, péeces of the crosse, and other such like fantasticall reliques, also sentences of the holy Scripture, haue bene vsed to vnwitch and blesse those that haue bene forespoken. It hath also bene faithfully credited, that thereby great maruels might be wrought, if they were onely either spoken ouer the patient, or hanged about his necke, for the which this péece of Iugling might also be vsed, wherein it is counsel∣led, that a girdle be cut out of a Woolfes skinne, euen from the head therof to the very taile, and so weare it about the body. But because it is not easie for euery man to catch a Woolf, the same is also ascribed to the skinne of an Asse. These things for the most part are accounted as gospel of old doting women: like as it is also with the gut of a VVoolfe, that is of many women ap∣plyed to the naules of young children against the Collicke and gripings of the belly: but these remedies following are of better estimation, and of a more secret or hidden vertue, to wit; Bry∣onie worne about the necke: also Thyme, Hyssope, Rue, and Southernwood worne likewise in the bosome, for by reason of their smell they may haue some effect.

A capitall Vnguent.

TAke Marioram gentle, Rosemarie flowers, of each halfe an ounce, Lignum Aloes one ounce, beate them together, and rub them well with strong wine in a mortar; temper one ounce of Barly meale, Starch two ounces amongst it, apply this to the head being shauen; it easeth the falling euill maruellously. Item, take oyle of Rue, oyle of Pepper, of each one ounce, swéet Costus rootes, Pieretrum, Ginger, Galingall, Rue séeds, of each one drag. and a halfe: mixe them all together, and so apply them warme ouer both the shoulders. Item, take Beuercod cut small foure ounces, oyle of Oliues sixe ounces, Iuniper berries beaten grosly thrée ounces, put a pint of strong wine vpon them, couer it well, and let it boyle a while: with this is the patient to be annointed in the hammes, in the armepits, and on the pulses of his hands. Also it is very good in this infirmitie to annoint the forehead with the sewet of a Stagge.

Indian Baulme is in like sort good for all kind of falling euils, being annointed on the roofe of the mouth; and albeit that it cureth not the sicknesse wholy, yet will it greatly hinder his re∣turne.

Vngula Alcis.

IT is a common error to weare a ring of this beasts hoofe on his finger against the falling sick∣nes, I haue proued it oftentimes, but with no ease vnto the patient.

A Confection or Electuarie for the falling euill.

TAke Pieretrum, Costus rootes, Stechas, of each ten drag. Agaricke fiue drag. Dill séede, Assafoetida, Aristologie, of each two drag. and a halfe, iuice of Squils, clarified Honie, of each 14. ounces: boile the iuice and the honie with a gentle fire, vntill it waxe méetely thicke; afterwards when it beginneth to coole, mixe the other ingredients with it: take of this euery morning three drag. and fast foure houres after it. Montegnana taketh God to record, that he hath knowne a thousand cured thereby. This following is not much vnlike the former, take Pieretrum, Siluer mountaine, Stechados, of each ten drag. Agaricke fiue drag. Carda∣mome, Assafoetida, Aristologie, of each one drag. and a halfe, iuice of Squils, and Honie twice as

much as of all the rest, or as much as is néedefull: let them boyle sufficiently, and temper the o∣ther things being powdered amongst them. The patient shall vse euery day of this confection one quarter of an ounce, and beware of grosse meates.

These two Electuaries following are very good for all manner of falling euils, except that which is caused of bloud: take prepared Pearles one dragme, Cloues, Galingall, Nutmegs, Cucubes, of each half a dragme, Cinnamom one scruple, Couchenell, Lignum Aloes, red Stirax, of each halfe a scruple, red Saunders, Calamus, Doronicum, of each fiue graines, Piony seedes péeled, Mistleto, Diptamer, of each one drag. Currans one ounce, conserue of Roses, conserue of Stechados, conserue of Burrage, of each two dragmes, white Sugar clarified in Rose water twelue ounces, make a confection of them.

Another. Take Piony rootes one ounce, Mace, Indian Spike, Saffron, red Corall, prepared Pearles, of each half a dragme, Cinnamom, Cloues, Nutmegs, Ginger, Pepper, long Pepper, Cardamome, Graines, of each two dragmes, Licorice fiue dragmes, Anacardium one ounce and a halfe, Muske, Amber, of each seuen graines, clarified Hony or Sugar twelue ounces, make an electuary of them: take of this the bignesse of a Nutmeg, and drinke a little Meade after it. It is very good against the falling sicknes, the Palsey, and such like other infirmities more, it comfor∣teth the braine, maketh a good memory, and expelleth the lethargie, and al obliuiousnesse.

One may vse either of these prescribed medicines, or this powder following, take Cinnamō, Cloues, Galingall, Nutmegs, Mace, Cucubes, of each two dragmes, blacke, white and long Pepper, Cardamome, Annis séeds, Fennell séedes, péeled Piony seeds, Hissope, Diptamer, Mi∣stleto, of each one dragme, Saffron two dragms, Sugar candy fiue dragmes, make a powder of them, kéepe it in a leather sacke, and vse it in all thy meates.

Item, take the seedes of Maiden haire halfe an ounce, Mistleto one ounce, Tormentill one ounce and a half, make them into powder and minister two dragmes of it at once, with the de∣coction of Piony rootes when you feare the accesse of the disease. For this purpose serueth also white Mustard séedes prepared, conserue of Betony, the iuice, the water, the herbe, and the flowers: in fine, all that is made of Betony is very good for the falling sicknesse of the head, and for all other infirmities of the same. So is also the conserue of Piony rootes, séedes, water, wine of Piony, and all what may be prepared thereof, as may euidently be seene by the former re∣ceipts: the preserued Eringus rootes are also very profitably vsed therein.

In like sort also Lauander, Rosemary, Spikenard, their leaues, flowers, wine, and whatsoe∣uer else is made of them: we haue also mentioned of the taking of Mithridate and Treacle: like∣wise Guaiacum is very commodiously vsed for this infirmitie. After due euacuation of the body, this is also much commended in the falling sicknesse, take the iuice of Rue two ounces, Assafoe∣tida halfe a dragme, mixe them togither, and so take them.

Item, take the skull of a sound man calcined or burnt, pilled Piony seedes, of each halfe an ounce, Tormentill, Mistleto, of each two dragmes, giue it to the patient as before: the same doth also burnt Harts horne taken with wine, as also the liuer of a Kite, and dried bloud of a Shéepe, the bladder of a Boare with the vrine dried in an ouen, and euery day the bignes of a beane taken with Oxymel. Item, Rauens egs, Swallowes flesh, Wolfs, Harts, Foxe flesh, ei∣ther boyled or otherwise, the bloud and flesh of a Wesell tempered with the vrine of a man-child. Item, Buckes bloud taken, the hoofe of an Asse burnt and mixed with strong Vineger, and so annointed about the head.

The liuer of an Asse taken fasting, the gall of a Beare powdred, the fume of Peacoks dung or otherwise vsed, Partridges liuers dried, and one dragme and a halfe dronken, the braines of Camels, or of Wesels vsed with vineger, the bones of a man calcined, the bloud of a Tor∣toise that liueth in fresh water, a Cuckow put into a pipkin close stopped, and burnt to ashes, the stones of a Boare, of a wild Boare, of a Ramme, and of a Beare dronken with water, the braines of Sparrowes, with many strange things more that are highly commended of diuers famous Phisitions, but aboue all other things is the reuming of a Leueret much commended, as hath béene sayd before. Euery one may vse of the premisses those that he hath approued to be good: but if this falling euill (which very seldome befalleth) be caused of bloud, then appeareth it with rednesse of the face, red eyes, and with large veines. In this case is the Saphaea to be opened, boxing cups to be set on the thighs, and legs, and on al other parts of the body. Thrée ounces of oyle of Roses mixed with an ounce of Vineger, and other cooling things more, are to be applied

to the head: also to beware of these meates, that fume into the head, and that ingender much bloud, as hath bene said, neither may the patient vse any Wine, sower Fruites, as Citrons, Lemons, Veriuice: Pomegranates may he measurably vse either raw by themselues, or mixed with his drinke.

Of the Friction.

THe patient is to be rubbed downwards, to wit, from the necke to the very rump, from the brest to the legs, and from the thighes to the féet, the lower the better, with rough cloths warmed, thereby to draw the matter downwards: after that, he is to vse a reasonable motion, walking, and kembing of the head. Some counsell to rub the pulses with Strawberry water: and if all this will not helpe, then is an actuall Cautery to be vsed for the extreamest and last remedie, whereof hath sufficiently bene spoken before.

Of the Apoplexie or dead Palsey. §. 18.

EVen as we haue generally spoken of this fearefull disease in the 9. §. this Apoplexia is the most vehement and last of all the former fiue infirmities, because it is more hurtfull and perillous then all the rest; for it often befalleth, that these Apoplectici do not only lose their speech, senses, and memorie, but also all motion, naturall warmth and nourishment, yea remaine wholly dumbe, which happeneth by reason that all the passages of the braines are obstructed, whereby the vitall spirits cannot be spread ouer the whole body: and because they are without sense, without féeling, and without all motion, do the Latinists call them Attonitos.

This Apoplexia is described after two manner of waies, the one bereaueth a man of all sense and féeling, and that otherwhiles so long, that the patient séemeth to be dead, wherefore it is al∣so commaunded, that he should not be buried before the fourth day: and to be assured that there is no life more to be expected, thou shalt hold a litle feather at his mouth, which if it neither moue nor wagge, and that the bodie waxeth stiffe, then is he departed. Likewise a glasse of wa∣ter is to be set vpon his breast, and if the same be not stirred, then it is a sure signe of death.

The other Palsey is somwhat easier, it doth first infect the breast, wherby all the sinewes are constrained to moue immoderatly, and to hinder respiration, and this is rightly called Apo∣plexia. Others do diuide it into thrée kinds: whereof the first is, when the patient doth drawe a little breath, but with great difficultie, as also when he fometh, his breath is not heard, but his voice a little, as if he were choked, and this is the worst and deadliest Palsey.

The second hath a variable respiration or breathing, sometimes not perceiued at all, and anon returning to his former course, without fome at the mouth: this also is not without great danger, and albeit that it were cured, yet doth it turne to some other sicknesse.

The third kind is, when the breath remaineth in due order. The causes of these sicknesses are superaboundant humors either in the braine, or in the bloud, ouercharging the stomacke with meate or drink, ouerwatching, debility of the braines, drinking of cold water, coole winds, rainie weather, blowes, fals, vse of many cold meats, as fruits, fishes, lettice, ouermuch sléepe, carnall copulation presently after meals, long rest or quiet, binding in the body, ouermuch blée∣ding either by opening of a veine, or otherwise. This disease is both very common, and very dangerous for old folkes, especially if they haue kept an immoderate diet before. The common and surest signes of it are these, to wit, if the patient be quickly snorting and not sléeping, be handled or pinched without sense or féeling. Likewise, the vehemencie or debilitie of this dis∣ease may be discerned by the snorting: also it is to be taken for a most sure and infallible signe thereof, if he fome at the mouth, and is by no meanes possible to be cured; so that all Phisitions herein agrée, that nothing can be done but onely to satisfie his friends, yet without all hope of recouerie.

But if the patient snort not hard, then is the Apoplexie the lesse, and to be briefe, a strong Apoplexie maketh quicke dispatch of the patient, or else there ensueth a dead palsey, which is much easilier cured: wherfore it is altogether néedlesse to make any great discourse of this Apo∣plexie, and the rather, because that all the remedies seruing for cure of this sicknes, are decla∣red in the treatise of the falling euill, and of the palsey.

Afterwards héede is also to be taken, whether the face waxe red, blacke, or gréene, as it com∣monly befalleth if some part be tyed or bounden about hard: for this, are both the Saphaenae to be opened on the féete, and awhile after both the head veines, afterwards in the forehead aboue the nose. This being done, the armes aboue the elbowes, and the legs beneath the knees are to be very strongly bound, that the bloud might be drawne to the paines, yet (as it hath oftentimes béen sayd before) not to let them be bounden too long without vntying them, & then afterwards tying them againe. Also you are to pinch the fingers of the patient very hard, and rub both his eares and his nose so roughly, that it might be painefull vnto him.

Some do counsell that the outward parts should be stroked downewards with wine, where∣in Ireos or Calamus hath béen decocted: also suppositories, Clisters, and boxing cups, and such like not to be omitted, nor yet the application of Oxyrrhodinum to the head.

But if none of the foresayd signes do appeare in the patient, but onely a little ratling in the throate when he breatheth, then it is an infallible signe of many watrish humors, for the which this Clister following is to be vsed. Take Centory, wild and garden Sage, Rue, Southerne∣wood, Marioram, white water Mints, of each halfe a M. a little Bran, and halfe a Coloquint tyed vp in a cloth, boyle them al togither in sufficient water. Take of this decoction 16. ounces, and mixe with it mel anacardinum, and oyle of Costus, of each one ounce and a half, Sal gemmae one dragme, Hiera Picra 7. dragmes stirre them well togither, this is very méete for the Apoplexie.

To draw the phlegme out of the head, shalt thou prouoke néesings with Ellebore, for the which this roote is very appropriate, or vse this following: Take white Ellebore, or néesing-woort one dragme, Beuercod halfe a dragme, Lignum Aloes one scruple, beate them to powder, and blow it into the nose; and if he could abide vomiting, the vse thereof will not be vnprofita∣ble for him, open his mouth and powre therein Oxymel of Squils with warme water, oyle of Roses, & of Lillies. Item, boyled Radishes, or horse radishes in water. Also this vomiting may be prouoked by putting a feather into the throate: giue vnto him not much meate, and if it be possible, giue him nothing to drinke but Meade, and the next day let him drinke one dragme or one dragme and a halfe of the decoction of Annis seedes.

Thou shalt call alowd and make a great noyse about this patient, also vse musicke, thereby to awake him out of his deadly sléepe, which if it will not helpe, then is he to be pulled, pinched, and very roughly to be handled.

It is also very méete, that this patient take euery day one dragme, more or lesse of the con∣fection Anacardina with Oxymel, thereby to bring an ague according as the cause requireth, for it is very hot: wherefore the learned dispute greatly whether an ague be a good or a bad signe in the Apoplexie.

Of outward applications.

TAke Cammomill, Melilot, Penniroyall, wild Thyme, Marioram, Baulme, Marioram gentle, of each one M. boile them in water, and bath or foment the head therewith warme, stampe the herbes, put to them oyle of Rue, and of Lillies, of each one ounce and a half, and ap∣ply them warme to the head; if it be cold weather, then annoint the head with oyles that are warme of nature, and with the oyle of Daffodils, of Beuercod, of Pieretrum, and such like: and not onely the head, but also the necke and the whole backe bone. Or make this salue following. Take Calmus, bitter Costus rootes, of each halfe an ounce, Siluer mountaine, Basill séede, of each an ounce, oyle of Spikenard, of Cammomill, of Lillies, of each two ounces, white Wine thrée ounces: melt all that is to be molten, and boyle them togither on a small fire of coales, vn∣till the wine be consumed, then mixe the oyle amongst it, & annoint the whole head therewith, and the backe bone downewards to the very end thereof: And if this will not helpe, then shaue off all the haire on the head, and apply this plaister following, being spread on a péece of leather or a peece of fustian, and make it as big that the whole head may be couered therewith. Take Galbanum, Sagapenum, Opopanacum, of each two dragmes, Sulfer vife one dragme and a halfe, Turpentine one ounce, melt and mixe them well togither.

Now to finish this part of the braines, we must first remember two things briefly: First that it is most necessarie for this patient altogither to forbeare wine, and to drinke some small béere, or to continue with this Meade following, which is made of twelue quarts of water,

and thrée or foure quarts of Honie being well sodden and scummed. Concerning his meate hath sufficiently bene spoken before.

Secondly, if his speech be altogether or very much decayed, then is the water of Liriconfan∣sie to be vsed, as it is described in the 5. §. before, and with it all manner of waters of life, which are specified in the eight part. Also Wormewood wine, Lauander wine, Spikenard wine, and the conserue of the same: but remember alwaies, that all other wines be streightly prohibited: wherefore these ought also very circumspectly to be vsed.

The thirteenth Chapter. Of the Mouth, and all that appertaineth vnto it.

AFter the description of the Braines, which are the vppermost inward member of the head, we will now speake of other parts, as of the Mouth and Lips. In the mouth, first is the pallet, the toung, the gums, the roofe, the téeth, the almonds, with all the other adiacent partes; as the voice, which is made and brought foorth with the lips, toung, téeth, and with other parts more.

After them follow all manner of accidents that are incident vnto thē.

Now to speake of the whole mouth it is to be admired, as also al other parts that are created by God: for aboue all that it containeth, it is the onely meanes, wherby euery liuing thing receiueth foode for the whole bodie. Also by this the nostrels, the heart and lungs receiue aire, without which it is impossible to liue.

Thirdly, out of this procéedeth the voice and spéeches, whereby one man vnderstandeth an other, and whereby a man is different from all other beasts, which haue nothing common with vs but onely the voyce.

These things are manifold, as hereafter shall appeare more at large. Of the outward parts, to wit, of the lips, hath bene spoken in the tenth Chapter: but before we come to this particular treatise, we will first of all shew all that belongeth vnto the mouth.

Of putrifactions and exulcerations in the Mouth. §. 1.

THese exulcerations or putrifactions of the mouth are of many sorts: one déepe, an other not: some perurulent, some corroding, virulent, as wel in the toung as in the gums, consuming and spoiling them otherwhiles wholy. They procéede of diuers causes, and amongst all other of these; to wit, if one scald his mouth with hote meates, or vse any thing which is hote by nature; likewise also hote vapors which ascend from the stomacke and vlcerate the mouth.

If these exulcerations be red, the face also red and inflamed, and especially about the place where the sore appeareth; thereby may be adiudged, that it proceedes onely of the bloud: but if the colour in the face be yellowish, with heate and drith in the mouth, rednesse in the eyes, of the throte, and with blisters in the mouth, without any great swelling, and that the patient cannot abide any hote thing in his mouth; then procéedeth it of Cholera: but if the vlcers be white, without great paine, without any great swelling of the lips and gums, and if the spet∣tle be saltish, then riseth the same of Phlegma. The melancholike humor bringeth her own signs with her, to wit, obscurenesse, hardnesse, and blacknesse.

These infections are thus described: The putrifaction in the mouth is, when many blisters and vlcers are ingendred, which do arrode the gums, toung, and throte painfully, running from one place to another, and so spoile the mouth.

Before thou take these exulcerations in hand, looke whether they be déepe eaten into the flesh or not, new or old. If they be not big but fresh, and not ouerladen with much moisture: then vse these things following, which may suffice with some astringent and binding things admixed, as to wash the mouth with Well water, Plantaine water, and Rosewater, wherein the blossomes of Pomegranates and their pils, and also Gals haue bene decocted. You may al∣so vse Rose water mixed with vineger.

Item, the decoction of Fleawoort séedes, or of dried Prunes, by it selfe, or tempered with vi∣neger. Item take raine water, boyle therein the yellow seedes of Roses, with Galles as much as you please, and wash the mouth therewith: or extinguish Stéele made red hot in milke, and wash thy mouth often therewith. Item, take Gals one dragme, Rose water sixe ounces, vine∣ger one ounce and a halfe, put them together. Or take Roses, burnt Iuorie, Coriander, Su∣mach, Lentils, Purslaine seedes, péeled Gourd séede, & Cucumber séedes, of each halfe an ounce, beate and mixe them togither; and lastly adde a little Camfere vnto them. Take of this pow∣der half an ounce, Rose water, vineger, of each two ounces, vse it as hath béen sayd before: mixe Well water with the iuice of Pomegranates or wine: likewise the decoction of Barley mixed with Sugar, cleanseth the mouth. The water of Sage healeth all exulcerations, if the mouth be renced oft therewith. Also in a hot cause are very good all fruits that are sower, cold & astrin∣gent, being chewed, as Medlars, Mulberies, Choke peares, Quinces, Seruices, Framboies, and such like, especially if they be not ouer ripe. Also the iuice of Vine leaues, and sower and tart herbes may be vsed for gargarismes.

But if these gentle remedies do no good, then purge the patient as the cause requireth, as before hath often béen shewed. But bicause this is for the most part caused through heate, he is to be purged with Cassia, sower Dates, or with the Electuarie of Roses, afterwards open the veine vnder the tong, or those that appeare on the inside of the lower lip, which is very commo∣dious for all hot infirmities of the lips.

If sucking children be troubled with it, then is the nurse to be fed with cooling things, for by the alteration of their milke they are easily restored to health againe: for this purpose is the oyle of Sulphur very good, as well in yong children as ancient people, but there are many com∣mon things that are altogither as good as that.

Item, take the yellow seedes of white Roses, blossomes of Pomegranates. Starch, burnt Iuorie, milke of Lentils, Purslaine séedes, Coriander, Sene huskes, of each a like much, and a little Camfere: make a powder of them, and rub the vlcer easily therewithall, or hold it in thy mouth with vineger of Roses, Rose water, and oyle of Roses. Item, for this hot exulceration thou shalt take the water of Shepheards purse, of broad Plantaine, of Roses and of Purslaine, of each two ounces, the iuice of Mulberies, hony of Roses, of each one ounce, mixe them wel to∣gither, and gargarise with it often.

Item, take Gals, Pomegranate blossomes, and Cypers nuts, of each one ounce, Roses, white Bryer, two dragmes, Acorne cups halfe an ounce; beate them grossely, and boyle them in water, and wash thy mouth with it. When by these meanes the paine is somewhat aba∣ted, then mixe fresh butter with hony of Roses, and annoint the place therewith: this mayst thou well account one of the best remedies. Or stampe a fower Pomegranate with the pils, wring it out hard, and adde as much hony to the iuice; let them séeth togither vntill it be thicke. If thou wilt haue it stronger, adde the third part of beaten Acornes with it. The application of boxing cups is also very meete and fit for it: and if the patient be ful of bloud, then is the head veine to be opened.

But if the blisters be white, then is the patient to be purged with Diaturbith, or with their pils following: Take Species Hiera Picra two dragmes, Species medicaminis turbith, two dragmes and a halfe, Coloquint halfe a dragme, make pils thereof with wine, take of them one dragme or one dragme and a halfe at once. It is also very good to rub them with hony and salt; but these things following are more in vse, and more fit for this purpose: Take Allum one ounce, boyle it in Plantaine water; you may also put Plantaine leaues vnto it, and wash the mouth often therewith. Take hony of Roses, warme water, & a little Allum, halfe as much vineger as wa∣ter, vse it as before, it is very good. Take Roses one ounce & a halfe, Plantaine one ounce, burnt Allum halfe a dragme, Mirtle seedes halfe as much, Pomegranate blossomes and pils of each one scruple, let them seeth well togither & vse it as the other. Item take one pinte of water, and a good peece of Ireos cut small, and asmuch Allum, hony of Roses 2. spoonfuls, let it boyle away two fingers bredth. In fine, whensoeuer Phlegma is cause of the vlcers, then must drying and astringent remedies be vsed, Cypers nuts, barkes of the Frankinsence trée, Frankinsence & Ma∣sticke: and although one should mixe these warme things with others that are cold and astrin∣gent, as Gals, Pomegranate pils, Roses, Mirtle séeds, & such like; yet is not that any errour at all, but rather a helpe. Also of these things following may gargarismes be made, or little bals

with the iuice of Peares, or Quinces to hold in the mouth.

There is in the seuenth Chapter and fourth §. a water described for the eyes, beginning? Take broad Plantaine water, with Verdigrease, and Dragons bloud. This may you vse if the sore run much, and were very vncleane, for it drieth and healeth much: Take Plantain water, boyle therein grosse beaten Myrtle séedes. This cleanseth the sores, and cureth them: Conserue of Roses held in the mouth long doth cleanse the same. Oxycraton, that is, wine, water, and vine∣ger mixed together, is also very good.

If this exulceration of the mouth procéed of Melancholy, then shalt thou purge as followeth: Take Currans one ounce, Burrage flowers, and of Buglosse, Epythimus, and Sene, of each one drag. boyle them in water wherein Mirobalani Indi, and Chebuli, of each halfe an ounce haue bin stéeped and decocted, giue thrée or foure ounces therof in the morning. In like manner may you purge with Hiera Ruffi, you shall also vse a gargarisme made with Currans and Annise séedes, and mixed with honie. Hereafter do diuers good things ensue for the infirmities of the tongue, that are also very good for this present purpose.

Of the swollen Almonds. §. 2.

IT chanceth also sometimes, that in these infirmities the Almonds or the pallet in the throate do exulcerate: of this pallet shall hereafter especiall mention be made. But for the tumor of the Almonds, and other exulcerations in the throate, are these remedies following ordained. Take a quart of red wine, Roses thrée M. peeles of two Pomegranates, foure Gals grosly beaten, Licorice halfe an ounce, Currans two dragms, boyle them together vntill the fourth part be wasted: before thou doest adhibite this, wash thy mouth with a cloth dipped in wine, then vse it warme: if it be with any exulceration, then adde honie of Roses vnto it, and wash it euery day fiue or seuen times.

Aqua Iohannis.

THis water is very good and effectuall to gargarize withall, both in blisters and vlcers: Take Sulphur vife, red Mints, Allume, & Sugar, of each half an ounce, Mastick, Fran∣kinsence, of each two drag. Pieretrum halfe a dragme, Aqua vitae thrée ounces: beate all what is to be beaten, and temper them together: Take Allume, Sugar, of each halfe an ounce, boyle them together in Plantaine water, mixe it with the iuice of Mulberries, wash the mouth therewith, it asswageth the swelling, dryeth and healeth. The same doth also the sirupe of Mir∣tle séedes, and of the iuice of Nutshels that hereafter are described. In like manner also Milke, and the iuice of Lettice, each by it selfe. If the throate be exulcerated within, then take Fran∣kinsence, Sandaraca, Masticke, of each one drag. red Stirax halfe a dragme: beate them together and receiue the fume therof at the mouth oftentimes: afterwards gargarize with Barley water and hony of Roses.

For all impediments, putrifactions, and exulcerations of the mouth, are thrée diuers garga∣rismes prescribed and ordained: whereof some are specified hereafter, wherewith is also decla∣red how that commendable iuice of Mulberies, honie of Roses, and moe other things, are to be prepared.

Of outward exulcerations, and contractions of the mouth, hath bene spoken in the twelfth chapter, and §. 14.

Of a stinking mouth and breath. §. 3.

THis infirmitie procéedeth not onely from the mouth, but of many other accidents moe, which the learned comprehend in the number of eight: first, when the gums doe putrifie and stinke: secondly, bad and hollow téeth: thirdly, stinking humors that fall down from the head into the pannicles of the mouth, and there make the spettle to stinke: fourthly, stinking slime of the stomacke: fiftly, the corruption of the lights: sixtly, stinking matter and purulencie, as in Phthisi: seuenthly stopping in the nose, or some exulceration of the same, as in Ozena: eightly, the corruption before menti∣oned of the mouth.

Of the foresaid infirmities haue diuers Authors sufficiently spoken, as also hereafter in ma∣ny places shall appeare. Here we intreate onely of the corruption of the mouth, in the which we may comprehend the three last causes. And first of all, if this stench procéede from the braine, and settle it selfe in the tunicles of the mouth, which most commonly commeth of heate, then is there present a great itch, heate, thirst, and drought. For this shalt thou open the head veine, set boxing cups in the neck, purge the head with Pillulae aurea, or Cochiae, wash thy mouth often with Plantaine water, or water of shepheards purse, receiue the vapor of decocted Mallowes or Let∣tice, and smell of Roses, Violets, Waterlillies, Willow leaues, Saunders, or of Cammomill.

If it procéede of cold, then vse some daies together potions of Oxymel Compositum, or Oximel of Squils, purge with pill. Cochiae, and gargarize with this water following.

Take Ireos, Cypers rootes, Iuniper berries, Marioram gentle, field Mints, wild Time, garden Mints, all of them, or as many as you please, vse it often: you may also draw it vp into the nose; you must beware of Fruites, Fishes, Beanes, all hard meates, and such as putrifie spéedily in the stomacke.

If the corruption of the mouth do cause this stinking breath, then shall you gargarize very often with the decoction of Agrimonie, and Oliue leaues, adding as much Honie vnto it, as you thinke good. Item, take Vineger and extinguish it in gold, made red hote a good many times, with Cloues decocted in it; wash the mouth with it, this taketh away the stench: also gold only held in the mouth is very good: so likewise doth chewed Ireos. Take gréene oken leaues, beate them to powder, and take of this one drag. euery day fasting with Wine, it taketh away the stench. In the 12. Chapter and first §. in the description of the Memorie you may find a good powder, which beginneth, Take Sene leaues, Seduarie, &c. Item, take Cinnamome, Cloues, Sage, Marioram gentle, Balme, Nutmegs, Angelica rootes, and such like odoriferous things, eate and chew them in thy mouth, spet them out, and take in fresh: they take away all bad sa∣uours and stenches.

Of what cause soeuer this infection procéede, these simples following are very commodious for it, each by it selfe, to wit, Auence, Cypers rootes, Frankinsence, Lignum Aloes, Cinnamome, Citron séeds, Rape sédes, Cloues, Myrrhe, Blatta byzantia, Mastick, Cardamome, Agnus castus, Spica, Squinanth, Citron leaues, Roses, Saunders, Campher, water Lillies, Rosewater, pre∣pared Coriander, odoriferous apples, Quinces, Tormentill rootes, and such like.

Take white Saunders, Roses, of each fiue drag. red Saunders, Citron pilles, Squinanth, Gallia muschata, of each two drag. make a powder or little bals thereof to hold in thy mouth.

A Gargarisme for all infections of the mouth. §. 4.

GArgarismes are commonly made for all infirmities of the mouth, throate, and lippes, to cleanse, to heale, and to cure them, but because we haue described many such acci∣dents, and haue promised to shew some gargarisme for them, which shall be done at this present: and for that in all gargarismes thrée principall things are tempered, as the sirupe of Mulberies, hony of Roses, and the iuice of Nut shels, we will therfore first of all shew how they are to be prepared.

The Sirupe of Mulberries Diamoron.

THis Sirupe is diuersly prepared. The common people take halfe Mulberries and halfe Blackberries, and boyle them like to a Conserue: of this do they giue in hote diseases to comfort. Others take onely the iuice of blacke Mulberies, wringing them through a strainer as soone as they are gathered, and so with Sugar make it to a sirupe.

The Apothecaries prepare it thus: Take sixe ounces of the iuice of Mulberies, 12. ounces of the iuice of Blackberries, both the berries as yet being not full ripe, clarified hony 11. oun∣ces, swéet wine three ounces: let them séeth together ouer a gentle fire till it be reasonable thick, and kéepe it in a pot.

The fourth and best meanes. Take iuice of Mulberries, Blackberries, Framboys, and of Strawberries, of each foure ounces, clarified Honie eight ounces, boyle them with a mild fire till they waxe reasonable thick. But note (as alreadie hath bene said) that the berries be not al∣togither

ripe; and bicause the Framboyes & Strawberries be ripe before the rest, their iuices are to be sodden with halfe as much Sugar, and so to be kept vntill the rest be red, all these si∣rupes haue an especiall vertue to cure all infirmities of the mouth, to cleanse, to coole and to dry: for which cause also they are good to be vsed against the Squinancie, and all infections of the throte. But if thou wilt make it stronger, then temper Allume, Myrrhe, Saffron, and Veriuice, of which thou wilt amongst it, according as the cause requireth,

Honie of Roses.

THis hony of Roses is also made diuersly, but commonly as followeth: Take Roses that are not fully blowen, cut off the yellow tops, and to one pound of Roses put three pound of ho∣ny which hath bene clarified very well, and so place it in the sunne.

One that is stronger: Take Rose buds (as before) one pound, beate & boyle them in a pinte and a halfe of raine water, wring it out hard, ad to the expressed liquor foure ounces of the iuice of Roses, clarified hony two pound, boyle them togither till it be thicke inough.

The third manner. Take clarified hony two pound and a halfe, iuice of Roses new made foure ounces, set them on the fire, & when it beginneth to boile, mixe one pound of chopped Rose leaues amongst it, let them boyle till all the iuice be consumed: afterwards straine it through a cloth, and kéepe it close stopped; for the older it is, the better it is. This hony of Roses hath an easie astringent vertue, it cooleth, and is very good in all sharpe rheumes that fall from the head into the mouth: it withstandeth all putrifactions, corrosions, and white exulcerations in the mouth: it expelleth all stinking humors of the stomacke, that are caused of the gall, if it be vsed in hot feuers; otherwise it doth cleanse the stomacke of all sliminesse, prouoketh sweate. That which is made with the iuice of Roses, looseth, and outwardly it clenseth all vlcers, stinking wounds, and such like. If any man had taken phisicke, and would not willingly vomit it vp a∣gaine, he shall take a little of this hony of Roses after it.

There is yet another manner of making this hony of Roses. Take sixe ounces of dry Rose leaues, put 15. ounces of boyling water vpon them in a pot that may be close couered, let it in∣fuse so eight howers, then wring it out hard, and take as many Roses more; make the liquor boyling hot againe, put it on the Roses, and let it infuse as before; this reiterate thrile and no more: afterwards weigh the liquor, and to fiue ounces of it put thrée ounces of hony; boyle and clarifie it: this bindeth the body, and comforteth the stomacke.

The sirupe of Nut shels.

THe Apothecaries do call this sirupe Rob nucum, and Diacaridion, which is thus prepared; Take the gréene shels of Nuts, beate them & presse out their iuice: of this take one pound, clarified hony halfe a pound, boile them to a sirupe. Some do take of the iuice and hony of each a like quantitie: this sirupe is very good for women and weake folkes troubled with hot rheumes that swell. You may adde other things vnto it, according as the accident requireth.

The gargarismes which are most méete for the mouth, the throte, and the adiacent parts are these: Take Rose water, Plātaine water, of each foure ounces, hony of Roses one ounce, sirupe of Mulberies halfe an ounce, burnt Allum one dragme, white wine eight ounces, let them seeth togither as long as you would do an eg, gargarise therewith warme, it drieth and cleanseth, Take Plantaine, Knot grasse, & Barly, of each one handfull, boyle them vntill the Barly burst, straine it through a cloth, and adde to it hony of Roses, sirupe of Mulberies, of each halfe an ounce: vse it as aboue. Item, take Barly halfe a handfull, rootes of Buglosse as many, iuice of Quinces one drag. and a halfe, Violets, Currans, and Stauesacre, of each two drag. boyle them in a good pinte of water, vntill the Barly swell: this healeth, and alayeth the paine.

Take Pomegranate pils, broad and long Plantaine, of each one handfull, let them boyle to∣gither in a pinte and a halfe of water being strained, ad to it Vnguenti Aegyptiaci, sirupe of Mul∣berries, and Nut shels, of each halfe an ounce, temper them all togither: this drieth maruellous∣ly, and healeth all stinking exulcerations. But you may not swallow any of it down, by reason of ••he Verdigrease which is in the ••••lue.

In great heate of the mouth and throate, with a sharpe matter adioyned, which excoriateth

this place: Take water of Nightshade and Purslaine, of each thrée ounces, water of Burrage and of Violets, of each two ounces, séedes of Fleawoort halfe a drag. Quince kernels halfe a drag. Dragagant a drag. and a halfe, stéepe it in Rosewater, presse out the slime or muscilage, and mixe them all together.

Take Plantaine water and wine, of each foure ounces, burnt Allume halfe a drag. honie of Roses, sirupe of Mulberies, of each one ounce, boile them a little, and gargarise often therwith: this is especiall good in all tumors of the throate, and also in the squinancie. There are many more such like gargarismes prescribed for many other diseases, as euery where may appeare. There are also diuers Phisitions, which without any exception, vse in all gargarismes Scro∣phularia, and that not amisse: for it hath a wonderfull vertue.

Of the Pallet, and the falling downe thereof. §. 5.

IT is called by the Grecians Epiglottis, that is, the little toung, by the Latinists Lingula, Vuula, and by vs the pallet. It is also a very néedefull part and member of the toung, it hath fiue seuerall parts: first, the two almonds, Tonsillae, that en∣gender the spettle, and moisten the toung; and if they waxe drie, then do they hinder the speech. Secondly, the Aspera Arteria, or Trachea, and Oesophagus. Last∣ly the pallet it selfe. This is the onely instrument of the voice, wherby the same is fashioned, and for that cause it is placed in the middest of the throte, because it shold couer one part of the throte, and preserue the brest, hart and lights, should direct the meate and drinke re∣ceiued, to the mouth of the stomack. It befalleth often, that it hangeth downe, and so troubleth one very much, which he is not accustomed to haue before, as may be séene when the toung is pressed downe.

If this procéed of heate, then is the pallet red, the veines about the eyes swollen, the face red, and the spettle swéetish; all which are signes of ouermuch bloud.

But if it be white, thē it is caused of a cold rheume, which falleth into the mouth aboundant∣ly: the voice is hoarse, the face pale, the pallet white, and much longer than it ought to be.

Of the tumor and falling downe of the pallet through heate.

IF the pallet be red, then is the whole backe bone from the very necke downwards, and both the armes to be rubbed with warme clothes, the legs are to be tyed hard, and vntied againe; afterwards boxing cups are to be fastened on the thighs, against the fire; also if neede require, the head veine may be opened vpon the right hand.

Item, a visicatorie vnguent shall be applyed to the shoulders (which is diuersly described in the twelfth Chapter and 16. §.) and so let it remaine thereon two houres long.

Item, take Roses, Gals, and Pomegranate pils, of each one drag. Allume one scrup. Salt halfe a scrup. make them into powder, and beare vp the pallet with it. Or take Rosewater and vineger mixt together, gargarize with it; or in the stead of Rosewater, you may take Well wa∣ter.

Water of Plantaine, and Nightshade is also very méete for the same, but it must not be ta∣ken downe.

Item, mixe the sirupe of Mulberies and a little vineger with water, and gargarize therwith.

Another. Take the yellow séedes of Roses, and a few Citron séedes, boyle them in Plantaine water, afterwards mingle some honie and a little vineger with it.

This following is of no lesse vertue then the former: Take the sirupe of Nutshels, one ounce and a halfe, the decoction of Sumach two ounces, temper them together, and vse it certaine daies continually: if you will haue it milder, then take Barley water in stead of the other, and mixe some Pomegranate wine with it.

Item, another that is stronger, and especially at the first: Take two ounces of Rosewater, one ounce of red vineger, Acorne cups, Hypocistis, iuice of Sloes, calcined plume Allume, of each one scrup. mingle them together for a gargarisme.

A Powder.

TAke the gréen shels of Nuts dried, beat them small, and take a little spoonfull of the powder; hold it to the pallet, and beare it vp therewith continually: this hath oftentimes bin appro∣ued. Another. Take Allume (that is called Allumen lamenum) burne it, and vse it as before: or burne Salarmoniacke, and vse it as the other.

Note also, that all the powders may most conueniently be vsed, after that the patient hath gargarized: neuerthelesse they may be vsed when one thinketh good.

Of swelling, and falling downe of the pallet through cold.

IF the pallet be white, then take Cinnamome, Ginger, Pepper, Pieretrum, Pomegranate pils, Gals, and Roses, of each a like much, make them into powder, and hold it to the pallet as before.

Item, take long Pepper thrée drag. Ginger one drag. and a halfe, Album Graecum, that is, a white Dogs turd (of a dog that eateth nought else but bones) one drag. Allume foure scruples, Sal gemmae, halfe a drag. vse it as all the rest: abhorre not the dogs turd, for in this extremitie it hath a maruellous operation.

Item, take Sage, Mustard séede, of each one drag. boyle them together in water, vntil there remaine about eight ounces, then adde one ounce of honie of Roses vnto it.

Take Album Graecum, being well dried, fine Bolus, of each one drag. Allume halfe a dragme, Pepper and Salt, of each halfe a drag. make them into powder, and vse it as aboue.

Take Oxymel, Mustard séede beaten, and vineger, of each a like quantitie, annoint the pallet therewith.

Item, shaue off the haire that groweth on the future of the scull called Sagittalis, apply a great boxing cup vnto the bare place, and let it there remaine a whole hower long. This may you reiterate thrée or foure times a day; it draweth the pallet vp againe.

What is to be done in the greatest extremitie.

IF the patient haue long haire, then let a strong man take hold of it, and pull it vpward vio∣lently, vntill such time as one may perceiue that the skin is seuered or parted from the scull; then also doth the pallet ascend, because it is fast to the skin: it hath bene found by experience that it hath holpen immediatly, and hath preserued the patient from choking.

But if this infirmitie be of long continuance, and that the pallet séemeth to hang onely at a little skin, and the neather end of it is much swollen, then there can be no other meanes vsed (although one is loth to follow it) but by incision to take it away; afterwards you are to vse this gargarisme following: Take the decoction of Ireos, and Licorice, of each a like much, mingle as much honie with it as you please, and a little vineger.

Item, vineger and water wherein the blossomes of Pomegranate trées haue bene decocted.

The order of Diet.

IN this infirmitie procéeding of cold, vse excalefactiue meats, drinks, and habitations, beware of all manner of violent motions, anger, vexation of mind, feare, and such like. The confecti∣ons, Diatrion, Pipereon, Diamoscu, Diambra, and Mithridate are very commodious in this ma∣ladie: or else to gargarize with Miua Citoniorum, and the water of Sloes.

Take beaten Cucubes halfe a drag. make thereof with the iuice of Roses or their water, two pils; they are very effectuall. These pils following do also hinder the falling of the rheume into the mouth. Take Pill. Elephanginae one drag. Mastick, one scruple, make eight pils of them, take twaine after supper at each time.

Of the Tongue. §. 6.

THe parts of the tongue are flesh, muscles, veines, and sinewes combined together, spoon∣gious and soft; which member amongst all liuing creatures, or amongst them that haue a tongue is most different, not onely by reason of her forme, but rather by the voice: and

indeed it is no lesse, for by her wonderfull motion (whereof there be thrée in generall) doth she bring maruels to passe.

First, by the manner of the wordes and speech, whereby we can declare whatsoeuer we con∣ceiue in mind, and make it knowen to another body. By this groweth wars and peace, friend∣ship and enmitie, concord and discord: by this is both God and man praysed and dispraised. In fine, by this is done both good and harme, as that merry Aesopus saith in his fables, that the tong is the best and woorst péece of flesh.

The second is the taste, whereby it can discerne which is bitter, which swéete, sower, tarte, sharpe, cold, hot, or any such like: also it adiudgeth what is good or bad for the stomacke.

The third is the sense of féeling, whereby it perceiueth what is hard or soft, hot or cold, &c. Be∣sides all this, it helpeth to hold the meate receiued betwéene the teeth, that there it might be chewed, and thence conueyed into the stomacke. Also it serueth to gather the slime and moisture of the mouth togither, & to spet it out, which by no meanes can be effected without it, as it eui∣dently appeareth in those that haue a dead palsie, and cannot wag or moue their tongue.

This member is subiect to diuers & sundry infirmities, as when the tong is heauy and flow, hard and immoueable, hot and dry; for which cause it is especially infected of Alcola, which cau∣seth it to swell, harden, and exulcerate, &c. whereof we purpose to speake hereafter.

Of the losse and vnperfectnesse of tasting.

AMongst the before mentioned infirmities, this is also to be placed, that in the taste, as in the sight and hearing, oftentimes hapneth that it be quite & cleane decayed, so that there remain not one whit of taste; otherwhiles also is the tasting onely diminished, as when one can perceiue some taste, yet not perfect and to the ful. Also it is oftentimes quite spoyled, as when one taketh sower for sweete, &c. As it befalleth to them that haue the yellow Iaundies, or to them that are troubled with a hot ague, wherein the patient adiudgeth all what he tasteth to be salt, bitter, swéete, or without sauor, according to the qualitie of the disease.

The signes of the humor that causeth this infirmitie, are these: The bloud yéeldeth a swéete taste. Phlegma also somewhat swéetish, with much spettle, humiditie of the head, of the tongue, and of the whole body. Cholera causeth bitternesse, saltnesse, and giueth a salt fleame. If there be no tast at all, then is the mouth of the stomacke pestered with many bad and superfluous hu∣mours. If it procéed of melancholie, then is the taste tart, and astringent, of all that he taketh into the mouth.

There may also very sure signes be taken of the tongue: the which if it be white, then it is not onely a signe of cold, but also that the stomacke, head, and liuer are full of Plegma: If it be red then doth it signifie that this maladie is caused of bloud, & of hot rheumes: The yellownesse is a signe that Cholera is cause of all: If it be of the colour of lead, and blackish, it sheweth Me∣lancholie to be the cause of it, vnlesse it should procéede of some vnnaturall heate, as in hot Fe∣uers it commonly chanceth.

Now concerning the remedies for this lost, bad, or corrupted taste: If it come of a hot sick∣nesse or Feuer, and the patient be full of bloud, then is first the head veine, after the veine vn∣der the tongue to be opened, and a good diet to be kept, and all manner of cooling things to be vsed.

He is also to be purged with a potion of the sirupe of Roses, of yellow Mirobalans, or with these pils following.

Take of the Species Hierae one dragme and a halfe, shales of yellow Mirobalans thrée drag. Diagridij and Annise séede, of each halfe a drag. temper them with sirupe or the iuice of Roses, and giue a dragme of them at once, more or lesse, according to the ability of the patient. Or take fiue dragmes of the Electuarie of the iuice of Roses, or some such like matter: afterwards is he to hold in his mouth vineger mixt with the iuice of Pomegranats: otherwhiles also the iuice of Lettice, of Purslaine, muscilage of Fleawoort, and of Dragagant, made with Rose water, & held in the mouth a long time, somtimes Rose water by it selfe vsed as before. These pils following are also to be made, and holden continually in the mouth: Take Roses, burnt Iuorie, and Bay∣berries, of each a quarter of an ounce, pilled Melon séedes, Gourd seedes, Cucumber seedes, Pompeon seedes, Lettice seedes, Purslaine seedes, Endiue seedes, Dragagant, of each one drag.

make it into pils with the Dragagant dissolued; afterwards he is to gargarize with the iuice of Endiue, and of Nightshade, or with the decoction of Roses, Verueine, and Myrtle séedes. Thou shalt rub his tongue with péeces of fresh Melons or Gourds. All these things alter the bad sauour and tast of the mouth in a hote cause.

But if the losse of tast procéed of heate and drought with any humor with it, which may be perceiued, if the tongue be drie, red, and without any spettle; then are contrarie things to be v∣sed for it, to wit, cold and moist remedies.

Contrariwise, if it be caused by cold, then note if there be any affluxe of humors with it, or not: if there be (as commonly it befalleth) any superabundant humors with it, and if the bodie be full of bloud, then is purging and letting of bloud (as oportunitie serueth) to be vsed: if not, minister vnto him Oxymel compositum, or of Squils, with the decoction of Hyssope, Marioram, Sage, and Stechas: afterwards purge him with the pils Cochiae.

A Gargarisme for the same.

TAke Hyssope, and Licorice, of each an ounce, twenty sappie Figs, Honie sixe ounces: boile them in water, and gargarize therewith, and hold it a good while in thy mouth. If there be no agues with it, vse this gargarisme: Take the iuice of Squils one ounce, Vineger twelue ounces, Well water and Honie, of each sixe ounces: let it boile a while scumming it. If the patient do abhorre euery thing, supposing them to tast very vnsauorie, then he is to be purged with an ounce of fresh Cassia, with Oxymel, and with the afore mentioned water.

For this purpose serue also sharpe meates, as Onions, Garlicke, Leekes, Mustard séedes with vineger, iuice of Limons, iuice of Citrons mixt with other meates: also otherwhiles salt meates.

Of a heauie and slow Tongue.

THese infirmities are of two sorts, the one naturall, and the other accidentall, as when the tongue cannot pronounce the letters aright, but in pronouncing the vowels A, E, I, O, V, is no want in it, because that the tongue then néede not much to be stirred: also in the saying of B, M, P, Q, wherein the lips do the greatest labour. But in these letters following must the tongue be most of all vsed, to wit, in C, D, G, H, L, N, R, S, T, X, Z. In the naming of F, must the breath be blowne out betwéene the vpper téeth and the lower lippe. If any of these be any hinderance, then may the same be ascribed to the tongue, especially if the same be inuete∣rated through a long custome, which after remaineth for euer incurable.

The other that procéedeth of outward causes, and lurketh in the sinewes of the tongue, may be cured by Phisicke.

Both these infirmities are caused of foure sundrie occasions. The first af a cold matter, that lieth in the sinewes of the tongue, which is to be perceiued, if they cannot pronounce perfectly the letters aboue shewed in the third row, and especially the R. Besides this also their sight and hearing decreaseth: or when one would speake hastily, and therewithall dribbleth against his will, the which is a messenger of the dead Palsey.

Secondly, it is also somtimes caused of hote agues: then can the patient not draw his tongue backward, and it waxeth blacke and rough.

Thirdly, this infirmitie may procéed of the toughnesse of the humor that stayeth the tongue, as if it were fastened vnderneath, and therefore could not be put foorth by the patient.

Fourthly, it is otherwhiles caused of certain flesh that groweth vnder the tongue, the which if the tongue be lifted vp apparantly may be séene.

The first which groweth of cold, and without an ague, is thus to be cured: to wit, that af∣ter the patient hath bene purged, he open also a veine, and afterwards wash his tongue with this water following, but he is to take great héed he swallow none of it downe. Take Salar∣moniacke, Pepper, Ginger, white Mustard séedes, Pieretrum, Licebane, Borras, Salt, salt of Indie, Marioram, séeds of Nigella, Marioram gentle, of each one drag. boile them al together in a quart of water vnto the halfe, and vse it as hath bene said.

Item, boile Pieretrum in vineger, and gargarise therewith. Looke also that these things do

not excoriate the throate, and make it raw: for the Pieretrum is very strong, and therefore it is commaunded (as often hath bene said) to tye it in a fine peece of cloth, and to chew it.

A Powder.

AFter the long continuance of this gargarization, take Salarmoniacke, Pieretrum, Pep∣per, and white Mustard séedes, of each a like much, make it into powder, and rub the tongue often with it: but childrens tongues may you rubbe onely with the powder of Sage, or wash it with Oxymel.

Item, take honie of Roses two ounces, Sal gemmae two drag. mixe them together, and rub the tongue often with it.

Also make this gargarisme following: Take Sage, Hyssope, Calmus, of each a like quantity, boyle them in water. Take Costus rootes that are swéet, white Pepper, Ginger, Licebane, Rue séedes, of each one drag. Pieretrum thrée drag. Graines halfe a drag. Masticke dissolued in vine∣ger one ounce, temper them together, and make pils of it of the bignes of small Nuts. Take one of these in thy mouth otherwhiles and chew it, they are very méete to draw the phlegmaticke matter out of the tongue which there hindereth the spéech.

But of the bereauing of the spéech by reason of the dead palsey haue I shewed before how the partie so troubled is to be purged and dealt withall, yet notwithstanding that, I will pro∣céede in teaching all what might happen vnto the tongue.

If the same séeme to be caused of a cold and moist matter, then is the tongue to be often rub∣bed with Hiera Picra, tempered with a little Stauesacre, Mustard séede, and Pieretrum, but this is very hote and bitter, so that the patient shall hardly be able to abide it: but this following is milder.

Take Salarmoniacke and Ginger, of each a like much, temper them with the iuice of Squils and rub the tongue with it.

Item, Oxymel of Squils, and water wherein one or moe of the former things haue bene decocted, is very commodious: but annoint the necke and the hinder part of the head with oyle of Bayes, and of Beuercod, afterwards apply this plaister following vpon it, being spread on Leather.

Take Gumme thrée drag. Stechas and Marioram gentle of each one drag. oyle of Marioram gentle, and waxe as much as is needfull for a plaister.

Take Beuercod, wet it with the iuice of Sage, and make pilles of it, and hold them in thy mouth, or else take Nutmegs, Indian Nuts, Cloues, Pieretrum, Assa foetida, of each one scrup. Laudanum, Dragagant, of each one drag. make them into pils with wine, and hold them in thy mouth. So also may you hold a péece of a Nutmeg in the mouth, and chew it. Treacle, Mithri∣date, and such like confections are commended in this infirmitie. The patient must also speake much and plainely.

But if it come with the infection of any other sinewes, then it is to be cured by the meanes that are prescribed in the Palsey.

But if it procéede of an Ague, with a contracture of the tongue, then must you irrigate the patients necke and shoulders from on high with warme water, for that moisteneth and war∣meth the same place and the tongue also: afterwards annoint it with oyle of Oliues.

How to moisten the tongue.

IF then a great drith of the tongue happen with it (as it commonly befalleth in hote Feauers) then is the patient to hold in his mouth oyle of Roses or of Violets; but especially ought that to be obserued which hath bene said before in the losse of the taste, where it beginneth thus: Af∣terwards he is to hold in his mouth, &c.

For this vse serue also these things, to wit, preserued blacke Cherries, preserued Raspises, and whatsoeuer else is made of them, preserued Peaches, Barberries and their sirupe, the pre∣serued red Cherries with their sirupe, and such like moe, sirupe of Mulberies, of Nutshels, con∣serue of Roses, conserue of water Lillies, and many more such like, as is shewed in hote disea∣ses and pestilentiall Feuers.

Diatragacanthum frigidum is very good in this and in all other hote diseases whatsoeuer.

For this purpose serueth also Sugarcandie, the muscilage of Fleawoort, of Quince kernels, and to wash the mouth often with warme water, Vineger, and Rosewater.

If there be any tumour with it, then vse the Iulep of Violets, and of Roses, dried Prunes, dryed Cheries, iuice of Licorice, sowre Dates, Manna, or which of them you please: but if the toung were fast some where, then is it to be loosed with some instrument, and afterwards to be∣strew the place with Ginger and Allume.

Lastly, if a péece of flesh should grow vnder the toung, as if it were a frogge, then doth the same procéede of a grosse and tough humour: when the tongue is lifted vp, then may you sée it very red, and it is otherwhiles little or bigge like vnto a little toung. It is also somtimes round like a Hasell nut, and bigger, whereby both the speech and eating is hindered. Here must the patient first be purged, let bloud vnder the toung, and obserue a good diet, as in any other im∣postume of the head, that might also procéede of fleagm. Afterwards is the frogge to be rubbed with Salarmoniack, Gals, Salgemmae, or parched salt: or else you may prepare this for it. Take Pieretrum, Ginger, of each two drag. Salarmoniack, Salgemmae, of each a drag. and a half, Mar∣ioram, Calmus, Ireos, Daffodils, Mastick, of each halfe a dragm, make a powder of them. Of this powder may you take one part, and with the white of an egge make it into Trocisces, and when thou wilt vse them, dissolue them in Aqua vitae, and so annoint the frogge vnder the tongue with it.

With this water following may you also wash the mouth very often. Take Marioram, Mints. Penniroyall. Nettle rootes, of each one M. Pi••retrum two drag. boyle them together in a pint and a halfe of water, till the third part remaine.

But if this maladie do once inueterate and waxe old, then it is to be cured with those things that are described hereafter in bleeding of the gums; amongst which this following is rehear∣sed: Take Sugar, Allume, Verdigrease, of each a like much, mixe them with honie, and rub it therewith.

Item, if this infirmitie waxe too big, then it is to be cut, taken away and healed, as all other sores of the mouth. Some do counsell to burne it, which is vncertaine in this place: but this is to be obserued, if this frog be hard and blacke, then it is doubtlesse the true Canker, which is al∣together incurable.

For the Alcola, or hardnesse and cliffes in the tongue.

THis Alcola of the tongue procéedeth of the foresaid hote and drie causes, when the toung waxeth blacke, drie, hard and full of cliffes. For this must the patient first be purged with this purgation following.

Take Rubarbe thrée drag. Spica halfe a drag. Squinant one scrup. of the decoction of fruites, called at the Apothecaries Decoctio fructuum, which shall hereafter be described, eightéene oun∣ces; let them infuse in this decoction a whole night, in the morning presse it out, take foure ounces of the Colature, sirupe of Pomegranates one ounce, sirupe of Limons halfe an ounce, temper them together, and so take it thrée mornings together.

If these potions haue not sufficiently purged (for they be very gentle) then take of these pils, Cochiae, Foetidae, Aureae, of each one scrup. and of them all one dragme; make seuen pilles of it, gargarise after that purging with warme Goates milke, and eate fiue or sixe Cherries after it.

And because wine is very hurtfull in such a heate, this water following shall be very méete for it. Take halfe a handfull of Barley, thirtie drie Prunes, Barberies, Cinnamome, of each halfe an ounce; boyle them in foure pintes of water vntill the fourth part be consumed. In like manner may you vse this potion for to coole: Take the iuice of Quinces one ounce and a halfe, Rob de Berberis halfe an ounce, water of Purslaine thrée ounces, temper them together.

For this purpose serueth also whatsoeuer hath bene written in the first §. of the corruption of the mouth, but especially the gargarismes.

Of the tumour and swelling of the Toung.

THis is caused of bloud, or of flegme that falleth downe out of the head. It happeneth som∣times that the toung doth so swell, that it lyeth before in the mouth, wherby the spetting and all other her actions are hindered. In this you are to purge the head with the fore∣said pils.

If it then procéede of cold flegme, which is discerned, that the toung or face are alwaies white, and the mouth alwaies full of moisture, then is the toung to be rubbed so long with the iuice of Onions, of Citrons, sirupe of Raspes, or with sower Pomegranate wine, vntill all the spettle and slime be gone away: for these foresaid things do separate the matter.

Item, take Ireos, white Mustard seede, Pieretrum and such like, all of them, or each a part, boyle them, and vse it in the washing of the toung.

Item, boile Dates, Raisins and Figs, of each a like much in swéete wine.

This gargarisme is also good being vsed oftentimes. Take Fenegréeke, Raisins, Fennell séede, Lilly rootes, and Figs, of each halfe an ounce, boile them together in a quart of water, vn∣till the third part be wasted, afterwards temper thrée ounces of hony of Roses amongst it.

Item, take Squils and Oxymel thrée ounces, mixe them with the decoction of Beuercod. Or boyle Rue, Cypers rootes and Pepper together, or which you please, in vineger.

But if heate be cause of this tumor, that will be perceiued by the rednesse and swelling vp of the face and toung, without any spettle, and with swéetnesse of the mouth: for this you shall presently open the head veine, then vnder the toung; for this asswageth the paine, and cooleth the bloud.

If it be néedfull, then purge with the Electuarie de Succo Rosarum, sirupe of Roses, or with Cassia, fasten boxing cups in the necke, that the affiuent matter might somwhat be withdrawn. Also the patient is to gargarize with sower and astringent remedies, as with the iuice or sirupe of Raspes and of Limons: the iuice of Lettice is also good for it, likewise the iuice or wine of Pomegranates.

Of the impostume of the Toung.

THe toung doth otherwhiles impostumate through aboundance of bloud, which is knowne by the rednesse, the tumour, the sweetnesse in the mouth, and by the puffing vp of the face with rednesse.

If it procéede of Cholera, then it is perceiued by the great burning, vehement paine, and bit∣ternesse of the mouth.

Or if it be caused of flegme, that may be séene by the palenesse, by the small store of paine, and much spettle, without any great swelling being spread ouer the whole toung.

When this infirmitie commeth of Melancholie, then groweth the toung hard, ash coloured, and with small paine.

But if it procéede of heate, then purge the patient as hath bene shewed in the tumour of the toung and Alcola: and in the beginning make gargarismes of cold things, as of Gourds, Shep∣herds purse, Purslaine, Endiue, and especially of Lettice, Milke, Rose water, or the decoction of Roses, and rub the tong with a Peach, which is very profitable for this purpose. But if by these meanes it do nothing amend, then vse oftentimes honie, milk, and the decoction of Lilly roots and Raisins, Fenegréeke, and of Fennell séede.

For his meate he may vse Colewoorts, Orage drest with oile of Almonds or of Oliues, Figs, Raisins, and Lineseede chewed and spet out againe with the slime.

When this tumour or impostume is broken vp, then take any one of these things following, to wit, Butchers broome, Barberies, Myrtle séede, of each halfe an ounce, Agrimonie one hand∣full, boyle them in a pint of water vntill the halfe, then adde Meade or honie vnto it two oun∣ces, and gargarize therewith often. It preuenteth great harme that might ensue. Old wine is also very good, being held in the mouth, and spet out againe.

But if it procéede of cold, then purge the patient with pils Cochiae, or with the confection Dia∣turbith, and make this gargarisme following for him. Take Fenegréeke, Lilly roots, and Fennel

séedes, of each one ounce, ten Figs, Currans one ounce and a half, Bay berries one ounce; boile them in a sufficient quantitie of water: let him hold this in his mouth, & wash his mouth with it very often. It easeth the paine and ripeneth all impostumes of the mouth and throate, espe∣cially if you adde honie vnto it.

This impostume is accounted the middlemost thing betwéene the vlcers of the mouth and the Squinancie: for they do agrée together both in their causes and their remedies, as hath bin shewed before in the first §.

Of the losse of speech.

BVt if of any of the foresaid causes the spéech is hindered or taken away, and yet the voyce remaine, and that the patient could not vtter his mind, then is he to take twice a weeke one drag. and a halfe of Hiera logodion, with the decoction of Rosemarie.

A Gargarisme.

TAke a drag. of Coloquint, Harts toung two dragmes, Ginger, Galingall, Costus rootes, Greines, of each halfe a drag. boile them together in a pint and a halfe of water euen to the halfe; wring it out hard, and temper with it Oxymel of Squils sixe ounces, and let it boile a while longer: afterwards hold it warme in thy mouth, and wash thy mouth therewith. This will not deceiue thée.

Take Mithridate or Treacle two drag. water of Sage, of Marioram gentle, and Rosema∣rie,, of each thrée ounces, or which of them you can come by; wash thy mouth with it in the mor∣ning and at night, and spet it forth againe: and thus much for the tongue.

Of the Gums and Mandibles. §. 7.

IT is sufficiently knowne that children are borne with the Gums and Mandi∣bles, whence first the téeth do grow: wherefore it is first néedfull to write of the roote, and then of the trée. These Mandibles haue their situation one neare to the other, called by the Latinists Praesepioliae, that is, little mangers, for so in the old time were the mangers of beasts wont to be parted. In them are the téeth fastened, with veines and sinewes at the bottome.

These Mandibles or Gums are subiect vnto many infirmities, as impostumes, putrifacti∣ons, corrosions, aquefactions, bléeding, increase and decrease of the Gums, the which are caused of the rheumes in the head, or else of vapors ascending out of the stomacke: of the which, and first of all of the impostume, now shall be spoken.

Of the impostumation of the Gums.

IF with this impostumation be great pain admixed, so that the impostumated Gums be red, then it is caused of heate. In this case is the head to be purged with water wherein Prunes haue bene decocted, and Rubarbe or Manna mixed with it, and afterwards to vse mild Cli∣sters: also to open the head veine, and to be let bloud vnder the tong: lastly, to fasten boxing cups to the shoulders, and to hold this following in the mouth a good while. Take hony of Roses one ounce and a halfe, Vineger halfe an ounce: when you spet it out you are to take in fresh again. If then any other sores do happen vnto them, they are to be opened with a fleame, and then to wash it thrice a day with water wherein Allume, Myrrhe, or Salt is sodden.

Item, take halfe a pint of the water of Knotgrasse, Allume halfe an ounce; dissolue it in the water, wash the téeth and Gums with it: Afterwards take Pomegranate pils beaten, dippe a cloth in them, and rubbe them gently with it. In like manner you may also find in the first §. those things that are very méete for this purpose, because both these infirmities do proceede of one cause.

Item, wash the mouth often with vineger and Allume; afterwards with the wine of Pome∣granates with a little Allume dissolued in it. Looke the description of the sirupe of Mulberries in the fourth §. before.

Item rubbe thy gums in the mornings with the vnguent of Egypt, but swallow none of it downe: and gargarise often with hony of Roses and sirupe of Mulberies, of each a like much, mingled with the water of Plantaine.

For all impostumes and corruptions of the gums or téeth, which procure a stinking breath, and if there be much bloud and moysture with it, then is the party to be purged according to his abilitie with yellow Mirobalans and sower Dates, then to open the veine of the head, and to apply a great boxing cup in the necke, to rub the gums vntil they bléed, and to wash the mouth with this water following.

Take blossomes and pils of Pomegranates, Acorne cups, and Roses, of each halfe an ounce, Stauesacre two dragms, boyle them very well togither. This following is to be vsed for to heale and to dry it: Take Roses, Cypers nuts, Gals, and burnt Allume, of each a like much; boyle them togither in Vineger and water, ad vnto this decoction as much hony as you please. After the vse of this Gargarisme strew this powder vpon the sores: Take burnt Allume two dragmes, blossomes of Pomegranates, plume Allume, Mirtle séeds, of each one dragme and a half, burnt Harts horne one dragme, mixe them well togither. He is also often times to be pur∣ged with the foresayd capitall pils Cochiae.

Of the bleeding of the Gums.

THis may happen of some outward accidēt, as of blowes, fals, and such like, the which must be knowen of the patient. The inward causes are either heate or cold of a sharp matter fal∣ling downe out of the head, corroding the gums and the sinewes of the téeth, and making them to impostumate: in somuch that if it once begin to inueterate, it soone changeth into the Can∣ker, whereby all the téeth fall out. But if this bloud be thin and subtile, then are these fower things following to be put in practise. First, to take away the corrupted gums: Secondly, to mundifie and cleanse that which is infected: Thirdly, after mundification, to astringe or draw togither and heale them: Fourthly and lastly, to confirme and strengthen the gums and iawes, that the matter may not haue recourse thither againe.

First there are many kinde of powders in such vehemencie vsed, that the venime Orpiment is added thereto: but my counsell is to omit it, and to vse this following in stead thereof: Take rootes of Daffodils and Pomegranate pils of each a like much, make them into powder and rub thy gums therewith, and an hower after wash thy mouth with warme wine or vineger.

Secondly, you may make this decoction following: Take Oliue leaues one M. and a halfe, Pieretrum half an ounce, Ginger, Masticke, Ireos, of each one dragme. Hony two ounces, boyle them togither in a pinte of water to the halfe, wash thy mouth therewith.

This following is very good for all infections of the gums and iawes. Take hony of Roses thrée ounces, warme water one ounce, dip a cloth in them and rub the gums with it, & an hower after wash thy mouth with Wine or water wherein dried Roses haue bene decocted.

In like manner this following mundifieth very well: Take water of Cammomill one ounce, hony of Roses thrée dragmes, temper them togither and wet the place infected with it: afterwards wash thy mouth with wine wherein dried Roses haue bene decocted.

Thirdly, they are to be cured with this powder: Take Frankinsence, Aloes, Sarcocolla, and Dragons bloud, of each one dragme: beate them small, and strew them in the gums.

Item, take Laudanum, Masticke, Frankinsence, & Corall, of each a like much; make them into fine powder, and apply it to the place infected: it confirmeth, hardneth and clenseth the gums & iawes: and when the sore is well mundified, then it doth also incarnate and ingender flesh.

Fourthly, this following is highly commended. Take Cypers leaues, or nuts, half an ounce, Well water a pinte, boyle it vntill the halfe part remaine, dip a cloth in it and apply it to the griefe: this doth not onely confirme and strengthen the gums, but defendeth them also from all bad rheumes.

Another.

TAke blossomes of the Pomegranate tree, Allume, Roses, Hounds tong, Acorne cups, and Plantaine, of each a like quantitie, boile them all in wine and wash thy mouth therewith:

it strengtheneth the gummes and téeth, and hindereth the bléeding.

Item, boyle Gals, Oliue leaues, Lentils, Mugwoort, and Pomegranate pils, of each a like much in water, and wash thy mouth with it.

Another that is stronger.

TAke Pieretrum, Lilly roots, of each one drag. the outward ••ind of Gals, and blossomes of the Pomegranate trée, of each two drag. beate them small, and rub the gummes therwith. Take the same ingredience, but in greater quantitie, boyle them in red Wine, and adde the fourth part of vineger vnto it; with this thou shalt wash thy mouth.

By all these former things is easily to be séene, that many remedies there be for the former infection of the téeth and gummes, which are also very good for all vlcers and corruption of the gummes.

Of the outward applications.

FOr both the former infirmities, and for all paine and griefes of the gummes, these things following are very good, which may be outwardly applyed. Take Linséede oyle, Cammo∣mill beaten, Hollihocke rootes, meale of Fenegreeke, Butter, of each halfe an ounce, oile of Dill or of Cammomill foure ounces, this asswageth the paine, maturateth and digesteth.

Item, shéepes wooll vnwashed, wet it in the iuice of Roses, of Violets, or of Willow leaues: Or make a bagge the breadth of ones hand full of dried Roses, decoct it in vineger and water, wring it out hard, and then apply it outwardly.

Take cold water onely or vineger mixed with Rose water or wine of Pomegranates, and wash the mouth therewith.

Item, vse the iuice of cold herbes, as of Nightshade, of the bigger and lesser Housléeke, of Plantaine, of Purslaine, or which of them you can get.

For this purpose serueth all the wine wherein Gals haue bene decocted.

If then neither the paine nor bléeding will cease, then is the same place to be opened with a Lancet, or Horsleaches to be fastened vnto it.

But if the gummes be not apt to bléede, not exulcerated nor painefull, nor the face any thing swollen, and that the patient be not well after meate, but when he hath eaten meates cold by nature, then may you easily gesse, that this infirmitie procéedes of a cold phlegme. Wherefore euery such patient is to be purged with Pil. Cochiae, Hiera Picra, exacuated with a little of the trocisces of Coloquint, or Diaturbith. Afterwards he is to wash his mouth with astringent de∣coctions, as of the blossoms and pils of Pomegranats, Akorne cups, Allume, Salt, iuice of Rue, and such like. Also for a change he may gargarize with the decoction of Figs, Fennell séeds, and séedes of Lillies.

The rootes of the blew Flower deluce prouoketh the gummes to bléede much, whereby the paine is asswaged. The decoction of Agrimonie tempered with Allume is approued to be very méete. Of this matter looke into the first §. where you shall find many good remedies for this purpose.

Of the Fistula in the gummes.

WHat a bad accident this Fistula is shall be shewed in the fift part, for it appeareth in this place, as in all other places with salt and sharpe deflurions: you shall cure them with those remedies that haue bene described before in the infections of the toung, and putri∣faction of the gummes, so that at this present time I purpose not to write much of it. Take Gals one ounce, Myrrhe halfe an ounce, make them into powder, and strew it on the sore. Wash thy mouth often with Vineger of Squils, or take Gals, Roses, Lentils, Acorne cups, Bedegar blos∣soms, and péeles of Pomegranates, of each a like much, boyle them all in water, if it procéed of a hote cause: but if of a cold, then boyle them in wine.

If the Fistula be déepe, and the gums corroded, then take the blossomes of Pomegranates, plume Allume, of each a like quantitie, make them into powder, strew it once in three howers vpon the sore. For this serue also the blossomes of Pomgranates boyled in Vineger and Ho∣nie, and the mouth washt with the decoction. Amongst diuers other dentifrices, this that fol∣loweth

is the safest. Take calcined Allume, Plume Allume, blossomes and pils of Pomegra∣nates, Ireos, Pieretrum, Sumach, Barbaries, Gals, Acorne cups and Dragon bloud, of each a like much, make a powder of them. This powder may also be tempered with vineger and hon•• and wash the mouth therewith, it is very good for all manner of exulcerations of the mouth.

When the Fistula is mundified to the bottome, then are you to vse incarnatiues.

Others do commend the vse of actuall and potentiall cauteries, but they are nothing com∣mendable but at the last need, and in the greatest extremitie.

Of the wasting away and consumption of the Gums.

TAke Cinnamome one ounce, Frankinsence, Roses, of each two drag. Dragon bloud, thrée drag. bestrew the gums therewith very often.

Take Myrrhe, Masticke, shels of pine apples, Date stones, burnt Harts horne and Iuorie blossomes of Pomegranats, Roses, Dragon bloud, of each a like much, vse it as before: it confirmeth the téeth.

Take Pease meale, make it into little cakes with honie, and drie them vntill you can pow∣der them againe, take of this two dragmes, Dragon bloud, Frankinsence, Masticke, of each two drag. Aristologie and Ireos, of each one drag. rub the gums therewith.

Of the mollification of the Gums.

FOr this infirmitie are all those remedies very méete, that shall be prescribed for the wagging or loosenesse of the teeth.

For a conclusion.

ALthough the gums were altogether corrupted and black, yea although all the téeth were loose, yet these remedies following haue done wonderful much good. Take Worm-eaten Gals, Sumach, Myrtle séedes, Acorne cups, and Plantaine seede, of each one drag. white Vitrioll, plume Allume, of each one drag. and a halfe, yellow séedes of Roses, and refuse of Cloues, of each two drag. and a halfe, beate them all grosly, and let it boile in a sufficient quan∣titie of water: when it hath sodden a good while, then ad forty young buds of the Mulbery tree, and so let them séeth vntill the halfe part remaine. Wash thy mouth often with this decoction, afterwards thou maist strew this powder following vpon thy gums: Take Mastick, Sandaraca, iuice of Sloes, Hippocystis, of each one scrup. prepared Tu••ia one drag. white Vitrioll foure scrup. make them into powder.

Of the Teeth. §. 8.

MAn hath for the most part 32. téeth, although some there be that haue but 28. or 30. and they are differing in forme. First, there are foure aboue and as ma∣ny beneath, that are sharpe and broad, therewith to cut and diuide the meate as it were with a knife, for the which cause they are called of the Latinists Inci∣sores, they haue but one roote onely.

Afterwards there are on each side of the former foure more aboue and below, which are broad aboue and thin below, and for that they are called by the Grecians and Lati∣nists Dog téeth, because they be most like vnto the téeth of Dogs: they haue but one long roote, and are made to breake that which the former haue as yet not sufficiently broken.

Thirdly, there are aboue and beneath on both sides commonly twenty téeth, albeit that some haue but sixtéene, and others but sixe on each side, which are called in Latine Molares, that is, grinding or chéeke téeth. Their office is to grind and chew whatsoeuer the former téeth haue not as yet sufficiently broken and chewed. Those that are in the vppermost mandible, are fast∣ned vnto thrée rootes, the lowermost onely vnto two: although that sometimes it befalleth, that the two former of them haue thrée rootes.

The Philosophers do write, that the foremost téeth are ingendred of a pure and superfluous moisture of the scull; the middlemost of a reasonable good humor; and the very hindermost of a grosse humiditie of the foresaid scull.

The paines and griefes of the téeth are diuers, insomuch that amongst the Phisitions there are accounted twelue or thirtéene kinds of them of the which we shall speake hereafter. These infirmities haue all of them sundry causes, to wit, outward and inward: which difference we purpose also to obserue.

Of the paine in the teeth through outward causes.

THis is caused through the continuall vse of sower and astringent things, as vnripe fruites, through much picking of them with pins, and other stinking things that remaine in them▪ also through fals, blowes and thrusts, sharpe wind, too hot or too cold meates, but especially of those that be drest with hony, which causes must be knowne and inquired of the patient, thereby to order and gouerne himselfe.

Of the paine in the teeth through inward causes.

THis kind of toothach is of diuers sorts, and it hath also sundry causes. First, if it procéed out of the head or braine, then is the patient not without some paine in the head: out of which there falleth continually great store of slime. If this paine be caused of the mandibles and teeth, that doth manifestly appeere. But if one doubt which tooth might first haue prouoked this pain, then let the patient bite somewhat betwéene his téeth, first betweene two, then betwéene two more, and so from tooth to tooth vntill you come to the tooth it selfe where the paine resteth. By this meanes also you may know whether the paine be in the sinewes or no, because the other téeth be nothing painfull. If it procéed from the stomacke, then is there paine felt in the same, after which doth insue vomiting, and especially of a sower and stinking matter. If it be procu∣red by the blood, then may it be knowne by the heate and rednesse. If of Cholera, then is the paine with pricking and shooting. That which commeth of Melancholy, is knowne by the great and hard swellings. Of Phlegma, by the whitenesse of the face, and by the small paine. If it be caused of many humors, then is the patient heauy headed, with much spettle in the mouth. The paine that procéedeth of drought, is thereby discerned: if of windinesse, then shall you perceiue much beating and stirring with it. Wherefore of these inward meanes, to wit, of the foure humors may this impediment be caused. The teeth grow hollow and ful of holes, they rot, the wormes do spoile them, and the sinewes are weakned, that at the last they fall away, and are so that they may easily be drawne out. How to preuent and remedy the same, shall be shewed hereafter.

How to procure teeth in children without paine.

NOt without reason are we to bethink our selues how to ease the yong and tender babes of that paine and griefe which they do suffer in breeding their téeth, especially if the paine continue long, as it often hath bin séene, that it hath continued three or foure yeeres.

This is for the most part caused of the debility of their nature, or of wormes, which do con∣sume the moisture, whereby the téeth should grow.

When this delay in téeth is caused through the debility and weaknesse of nature, then must the child be fed with rosted birds, bread dipped in brothe of flesh, and such like, according to the age of the child. They haue also a great laske commonly with it, which must be staid. The man∣dibles where the teeth appéere are to be rubbed softly: and amongst all other remedies that may be inuented for this purpose, the braines of a Hare drest with the milke of a Bitch are the best. If you cannot get them, then take butter, oile of Lillies, the fat of Hens or of other birds, each by it selfe, or mixed all together.

And because that in these remedies following there be many sharpe ingredients, as Orpi∣ment, Neesing wort, Coperas, Stauesacre, Southernwood, Henbane, Opium and such like more (of which we will make mention but little) which are in no wise to be taken downe: wherefore here we will admonish and shew how they ought in the greatest need with the most safety to be vsed.

First, they are to be applyed onely to the dolorous and painfull tooth with a péece of Waxe couered about, to the end it should touch but onely the place aggréeued. Otherwise they might

also harme the good and sound téeth. The patient must also hold his mouth open, and downe∣wards, that the spettle and slime might runne out; neither are they to be applyed too hot or too cold.

If this paine procéed of cold rheumes, as also of the vse of cold meates, then put the patient into a warme place, couer his head with warme clothes vntill he féele the warmth apparantly. Afterwards annoint his head with the oyle of Cammomill, of Rue, of Behen, of Beuercod, and of Spica, or in place of them with Aqua vitae thrée dayes together. A hard yolke of an egge applied to the tooth is also very good, and afterwards is the tooth to be washed with warme wine: Or take vineger, wherein Pieretrum, white Mints, and Marioram hath bene decocted.

Item take Pieretrum, white Mustard séed, pepper, Borras and Ginger, of each a like much, make a powder of them, and rub the teeth therewith; or strew it on a litle cotton, and apply it to the very roote of the tooth.

But before you vse any other kind of remedy, take héed you purge the head very wel, that you draw not downe moe humors out of it vnto the téeth, the which may be effected through the pils or potions which euery where are sufficiently described. After purging you may vse any one of these things following: Take Mastick one ounce, Sage a M. beate and boile them in eight oun∣ces of wine or vineger vntill the halfe remaine, wash thy mouth therewith.

Item take good white wine sixe ounces, temper half an ounce of Sandaraca with it, boile them together vntill one quarter of it be wasted, and hold it in thy mouth warme, and if you adde one drag. of Philonium Romanum, then wil it be so much the stronger. Or take of the foresaid Philonium two drag. red wine foure ounces, and hold it lukewarme in thy mouth. Gals decocted in vineger are also very good for this purpose. In like manner Betony or Plantaine decocted in vineger or water, and vsed warme. Pellitory of Spaine bound vp in a cloth and chewed in the mouth, draweth out much slime.

Take Assa foetida, and Frankinsence, of each a like quantity, hold it on the painful tooth. The decoction of Alehoofe is also very good for it. Likewise the conserue of Gilliflowers, of Lauander, of Spikenard: Rosemary wine, Sage wine. Item take the rootes of Sperage, boile them in wa∣ter, and wash thy mouth often therewith. Others do commend Garlicke, Ginger, Agrimony, each by it self, or mixed together, and so applied to the tooth. Also the water of Marioram gentle should be very good for this vse. In like sort M. Tristrams water which is described in the fift cha∣pter and first §.

Item take white and long pepper, Cucubes, Saxifrage, the barke of the Mulberry trée, Ca∣per rootes, and rootes of Southernwood, of each a like much, boyle them according to the quality of the paine in water, wine, or vineger tempered together, or each by it selfe: it is very good, and confirmeth the gums.

Pepper, Pellitory of Spaine, rootes of Diptamer, and Licebane chewed together, or each by it selfe, are commonly very commodious for the toothach.

These remedies following are more cooling.

TAke a little branch of a Cherry trée, scrape off the outmost rind, take the yellow rind and boyle it in wine, take of this decoction in thy mouth as warme as thou canst suffer it.

In like maner if the rheume fall into the téeth, then boyle Oken leaues in wine, and hold it often in the mouth: it draweth out the slime very well. The water that issueth out of a Vine be∣ing cut, is also very good for the toothach, if it be held in the mouth.

Yet more remedies that are approoued.

TAke eight ounces of wine, boyle it in halfe an ounce of Esula, wash thy téeth therewith thrée times in a moneth, it preserueth the téeth from paine, but it is very violent and dan∣gerous to be vsed: but this that followeth is safer and better.

Take Roses and boyle them in milke, hold them a good while in thy mouth, and lay the leaues to thy téeth. Take Camfere the bignes of a pease, boyle it in two ounces of vineger, and hold it in thy mouth, it is very good for al maner of pain in the téeth. Item take of a Harts horne, to wit, that which hath bin cast off in March, cut it into small péeces and boile it in well water,

take the decoction into thy mouth warme, repeate it thrée or foure times, and after the vse of it (as many men suppose) the paine should not returne againe: whosoeuer shall approoue it and find it true, may commend and loue the experiment. Others do counsell to take of the skin of a Snake that hath bin cast off by her, one drag. and to boile it in three ounces of vineger vnto the half, & to take it into the mouth: it should also be an approued remedy. Oile of Roses lukewarme only held in the mouth asswageth the paine. Boyle a Frog in water and vineger, vntill the flesh part from the bones, & wash the téeth therewith. The iuice of Béetes dropped into the contrary eare of the paine, is also counselled of some men: likewise of Cichory, of Daffodils, and of earth wormes.

But if this toothach procéed of a hot cause, then hold any of these things following warme in thy mouth, as the oyle of Willow leaues, oyle of Poppy heads, and oyle of Roses (as hath bin said before.) The iuice of Sorrel slaketh the heate greatly. You may also annoint the place with the iuice of Nightshade, of Purslaine, of Lettice, of Endiue. Item boyle the rootes of Nettles and Sage in wine. Henbane séed and Opium mixed with oyle of Roses, do make the tooth insen∣sible.

If Cholera be admixed, then is the patient to be purged with the Electuary of Succo Rosarum, with Cassia, sower Dates, or yellow Mirobalans.

If it be caused of ouermuch blood, then is the head veine, the veine in the lips, and that vnder the toong to be opened, or the gums made to bléed, & boxing cups to be applied behind in the neck.

What else may be vsed for the paine in the teeth.

ABoue in the twelft chapter and first §. haue I described a good powder, which beginneth, Take Sene leaues, &c. which is also very cōmodious for this purpose. Item take Myrrhe two drag. Frankinsence halfe a drag. Mastick one drag. and a halfe, Cuttle bone, and red Corall, of each 15. graines, Argoyle two drag. Glasse small powdered fiue drag. Lignum Aloes, Cinnamom, Cloues, Sarcocolla, of each halfe a drag. make them into powder: it confirmeth and whiteneth the téeth, and it cureth the sore gums being rubbed therewith.

Item take Pellitory of Spaine, Licebane, of each a like much, beate them and temper them with a litle white Waxe, and couer the tooth therewith of all sides.

A wonderfull remedy. Take the liuer of a gréene Euet, and the fruite of Tamariske, rootes of wild Cucumbers, & Propolis, which is taken out of the hole of y^e Bée-hiues, of each a like quan∣tity. This may you vse for all manner of toothach, either in washing with it, or applying it to the tooth, or in vsing it outwardly.

Of the outward applications.

PArched Millet applied vnto it is very good. Item take Mallowes, fry them in butter vntill they be soft, and so lay it outwardly vnto the paine. Item toast a slice of bread vpon hote coales, and apply it to the chéeke where the paine is, and renewing it still being cold with another that is hot; do this eight or ten times together: for when the paine is departing then it is most grieuous, wherefore leaue it not off.

But if the foresaid means do not ease the paine, then make this composition: Take Beuercod, Pepper, Ginger, red Storax, Opium, of each halfe a scrup. this being beaten, temper it with hony of Roses, and put the quantity of a Hemp séed vnto the roote of thy tooth.

Item take Opium the bignes of an Hemp séed, warme it in thy hand vntill it be soft, and apply it to the painfull tooth, it asswageth the paine.

If you will forbeare the Opium, then vse any of these iuices following, to wit, iuice of Sou∣thernwood, of Henbane, of Poppy, or to vse the Philonium Romanum, as hath bene before sayd: yet are you alwayes to adde vnto them a litle saffron, Cassia wood, or Cammomils, to mitigate their great cold. For this purpose serueth also Mithridate either inwardly or outwardly adhi∣bited, for it is very good for all infirmities of the téeth.

It is also aduised that the patient abstaine from meate as long as is possible, and that he vse a drie bath to sweate, and méetly exercise. But if the paine be not mitigated by all these meanes, then is the roote of the tooth to be seared with a hot yron, or to be drawne out altogether.

Of the tooth-ach in the Poxe.

MIxe the iuice of Wormewood with the white of an egge, and apply it to the paine. For the same vse serueth the decoction Guaiac. holden in the mouth warme; and all those things that haue bene mentioned before.

Of hollow and rotten teeth.

THe cause why these téeth waxe hollow and rotten, is some stinking matter adiacent vnto the tooth, the which doth putrifie the same. To preuent this impediment, is the putrifa∣ction to be taken away; which hath bin shewed before, and shall more largely be declared hereafter.

You shall in no wise omit to picke and cleanse your téeth after meales with a toothpicker, and afterwards to wash thy mouth with wine. The remedies that hinder the putrifaction of the téeth are these, namely Lycium, Frankinsence, Mints, Mirtle séeds, Spica, Gallia muscata, Cypres roots, Masticke, Gals, Turpentine, Pepper, Campher, and séeds of Nigella, if there be heate with it. This water following should also preuent this putrifaction, or (if it were once entred) take it away, & alay the paine. Take of the middle rind of the Mulberry trée one ounce and a half, of the best Ginger one ounce, boile them in strong vineger vnto the halfe, and wash thy mouth there∣with in the morning.

Item take the ashes of Rosemary, bind them in a cloth, and rub thy blacke and putrified téeth therewithal. Take Aristology beaten, temper it with hony, and vse it as before. Take the water of wild thrée leafed grasse, mixe as much Allume and Hony vnto it as thou please, and wash thy rotten téeth with it.

Or take the inward part of gals, and as much Pellitory of Spaine, beate them to powder, and adde some Stauesacre vnto it, and lay somewhat of it on the rotten téeth.

Item Borras & Stauesacre decocted together, or each by it selfe. This remedy following is no lesse commended than any of the former: Take Pellitory of Spaine one drag. Ammoniacum and Opium of each one drag. melt the gum, and mixe the rest being beaten small with it: thrust some part of it into the hollow tooth, it taketh away the sense and féeling of the same.

Item take prepared Corall, blow it through a little quill into the hollownesse of the tooth, it taketh away the paine, and preuenteth the putrifaction of the tooth. Al these things may be mixed with Treacle, and so vsed. We haue also shewed diuers and sundry remedies before in the 13. Chapter and the 1. §. against the corruption of the mouth, which may also be vsed very well in this necessitie. Wash thy mouth often with the decoction of Roses, Nep, and a little Pellitory of Spaine.

Thou mayst also put a little of the spirit of wine into thy hollow tooth: also any of the waters of life that shall be described in the eight part of this booke. Some men do vse Aqua fortis, and it helpeth much, but you must deale very warily with it.

These stinking teeth are oftentimes the cause of a stinking breath. If the tooth be altogether corrupted, then is the only and best remedy to draw it out; otherwise must one wash the mouth alwayes after meales, with water sodden with Sal Armoniac, or otherwhiles with vineger, wherein hath bene decocted some Pellitory of Spaine, and Stauesacre. Vineger of Squils tem∣pered therewith is also very good. After meales (as hath before bin admonished) is the hollow∣nes of the tooth to be picked and cleansed of al superfluitie. If this paine proceed of cold, then are you to thrust into the hollow tooth a litle péece of Galingal, of ginger, of Cloues, of pepper, fran∣kinsence, or of Myrhe. If it be caused of heate, then vse Roses, Sanders, Campher, and such like.

Of the wormes that are in the teeth.

IT is euidently knowne, that if the paine be not ouermuch, but that there be felt a continuall stirring and crawling in the téeth, that the same was wont to procéed of wormes: for if 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wash his mouth with warme water, and hold the hollownesse of the tooth vp towards the Sunne, then may the wormes apparantly be seene to stirre in them. For this thou shalt take

Aloes one drag. Myrrhe half a drag. make them into little pils with wine, and thrust them into the hollow tooth. Item boyle Coloquint in faire water, and wash thy mouth with it. Make a fo∣mentation of Henbane séed, or (which is safer) of Onion séeds, or of Garlicke séeds, then wash thy mouth with warme water, and spit it into cold water, then shalt thou sée the wormes swim in it.

Take Myrrhe, Aloes, and red Storax, of each a like much, put a little of it into thy tooth where the wormes are. Or take Calmus brused, boile it in a little wine, dip a litle cotton in it, and lay it ouer or in the hollow tooth.

In the greatest extremity make a fume with Opium, Beuercod, and Onion seeds, or with white Henbane seeds or Mustard séeds, receiue this fume through a tunnel into thy hollow tooth: but at one time take but the quantity of a barly corne to fumigate withall, and take heed the fume passe only into the hollownesse of the tooth, although you should get a little pipe of purpose to put into thy hollow tooth, and to fit it vnto the tunnel. If all these meanes bring no ease, then let it be drawne out, and bleed throughly.

Of grinding of the teeth in children.

THis commonly happeneth vnto children in their sléepe, through the debility of the mus∣cles that stirre and moue the iawes: this after a while leaueth them altogether. It may also be caused of wormes that are in the stomacke or intestines, but then their grinding of their téeth is not all after the same manner, they rub their noses, &c. Of which thou shalt haue further direction in the treatise of the wormes, where also shall be shewed how this is to be re∣medied. But if this infirmity do continue for some other cause, then it is commonly the mes∣senger of the dead palsie, contracture, or of some other affection of the sinewes: for the which you are to vse those things as are thought méete for euery such infirmitie. But for this it is especiall good to annoint the chéekes and the whole necke with Vnguentum Martiatum, or the oile of Be∣uercod, of Spikenard, of Iuniper, of Bayes, and such like.

Of the paine in the teeth that commeth through the application or vse of cold things.

AL maner of oiles that are warme by nature, applied to the tooth, or holden in the mouth, do ease this paine. Item take Bay berries, Aristologie, and Allume, of each a like much, boile them in a sufficient quantity of wine, wash thy mouth with it warme. If thou wilt haue it stronger, adde Hiera Picra vnto it. The same operatiō hath old Treacle mixed with wine, and a good while after not to take any other moisture in the mouth.

Note also that whatsoeuer is vsed or applied to the teeth, may not be hot: for they are thereby corrupted and spoiled.

Of the standing an edge of the teeth.

THis procéedeth otherwhiles of a sharpe and astringent slime or rheume, which falleth into the rootes of the téeth: or of some other sower matter that lieth in the stomacke, and fumeth vp into the mouth and téeth, whereby the téeth are set an edge. But for the most part it is caused of sower and vnripe fruits, as of vnripe Grapes, Limons, Raspes, Corna, Sloes, and such other: for this purpose serueth Purslaine with her séed beaten together, and vineger put vpon it, bitter or swéete Almonds, Licorice, and the iuice thereof, Salt water, milke of an Asse, to wash the mouth with the decoction of Aristology and Bay leaues. These things may you mixe together, vse or chew them as you please. To hold warme wine in the mouth is also very commodious. Or as soone as euer you do perceiue this infirmitie, then chew sixe of the graines of pepper, and afterwards wash thy mouth with warme wine, this helpeth imme∣diatly.

This doth also oftentimes procéed of cold, as hath bene before said. For when one will cure the toothach with ouercold things, then will thereby the small heate of them be extinguished, so that they loose their sense and féeling. Now to cure the same, you must take some kind of oyle

that is warme by nature, as I haue shewed you before, and also bite the yolks of egs hard rosted, or hot bread: to annoint the gums with the oile of Spikenard, and afterwards to hold warme wine in the mouth, wherein Cubebs haue bene sodden. Lastly, to chew Masticke in the mouth a great while, and then to wash it with warme wine.

How to confirme and fasten Teeth that be loose.

THe cause of this loosenesse of the téeth may be blowes, thrusts, defluxions that fall out of the head into the téeth, that (as it were) resolue and slacken their sinewes, and loose their roots. It may also procéed of a great drought, as it hapneth vnto them that recouer of a long lingring disease: the corruption of the mouth and teeth may also cause the same. The signes of this loose∣nes of the téeth may be discerned by beholding them diligently.

The cure of this infirmitie is comprehended in two principall points: to wit, in a good regi∣ment or diet, and in the adhibition of good remedies. First, he must take héed not to bite hard vp∣on any thing, but to vse soft meates: also not to speake much, thereby to eschew the cold aire: also he is not to sléepe with an open mouth, neither are the téeth to be touched roughly either with the fingers or with the toong.

If this loosenesse of the téeth do come of blowes and such like, with an euident heate, then is he to vse the pils and blossomes of Pomegranates, Medlars with their leaues and rinds, Ser∣uices, Quinces, Lycium, Gals, Butchers broome, burnt Iuory, Roses, Saunders, Ambers, Mi∣rabolan stones, Date stones, red Costus pils, Hypocistis, sealed earth, fine Bole, burnt Harts horne, sea Muscles, and al that may be made and sodden with these things. But if these procéed of cold, then vse Laudanum, Frankinsence and her bark, parched Cumin séed, Cresses séeds, parched An∣nise séeds, Allume, pitch, Myrrhe, parched salt, Cipres nuts and leaues, Mastick, Sarcocolla, San∣daraca, and all that may be made with it. Here now do follow some things that confirme and fasten the téeth, gums and their sinewes.

Take garden Mints, fresh Oliue leaues (if they may be had) of each an ounce, Roses, Mirtle seed, Butchers broome séed, wood of the Barberry trée, and the fruite of the same, of each halfe an ounce, beate, cut, and boile it in vnripe wine, and hold it in the mouth. Water of Nightshade, of Plantaine, and of Shepheards purse do fasten the téeth; and if in this water and vineger toge∣ther you boile the blossomes of Pomegranates and Mirtle séeds, then will it be the better.

In like maner you may boile Gals, Medlars, Lentils and Seruices, of each halfe an ounce. For this purpose serue also Cipres nuts and leaues, Acorne cups and Sene leaues, al together, or each by it selfe, decocted in wine, and vsed as the former.

Item take Allume, Frankinsence, Masticke, Cypres nuts, Rosemary flowers, of each a like much, boile them together in a sufficient quantity of raine water and red wine, and wash thy mouth with it very often warme. Item take Harts horne, salt and Myrrhe, all of them burnt, of each two drag. boile them in hony, and rub thy gums therewith within and without.

Item take burnt Allume halfe an ounce, Rose buds halfe a handfull, Bedegar, red wine one pint, boyle them vnto the halfe, take of this being warme into thy mouth often, and hold it a good while therein, for it is very good.

Another. Take Ireos, Corall and Frankinsence, of each halfe a drag. temper it with hony of Roses to a confection, annoint the teeth therewith, and in the morning wash them with wine wherein hath bene decocted Sage, Rosemary and Roses, of each a like much. Item take Allum, burnt Harts horne, Roses, Dragon blood, Acorne cups, Hyppocistis, blossomes and pils of Pome∣granates, Gals, of each a like quantity, boile them in strong red wine or in vineger, and wash thy mouth therewith.

Vineger and Oxymel of Squils are also especiall good for this vse. To wash the mouth often∣times with Rosemary wine, confirmeth the gums, and fasteneth the téeth.

Of the falling out and drawing of the teeth.

THe last and extremest meanes for the toothach, is, that the téeth might either fall of them∣selues, or be drawne out. To preuent the falling of them is vnpossible to many men, yet are these things following prescribed for it, amongst which this that followeth is very sharpe, and yet for all that very safe and good to be vsed.

Take the barke of a Mulberry trée, Caper rootes, Pieretrum, the bigger and the lesser Esula, red Orpiment, rootes of Coloquint, of each two drag. put as much vineger on them as wil couer them, let it so rest eight dayes, and euery day put a little more vineger vnto it, and vse it as hath bene said.

Open the gums round about the tooth as much as is possible with some kind of instrument, then rub them ten times in one day with the foresaid water; it maketh the tooth loose, and sepa∣rateth the roote. Item open the gums as before, annoint it with oyle wherein Frogs haue bene decocted: & when the tooth is very loose, then take it out. You may also do as hereafter followeth: Take Pellitory of Spaine, Scammony, white Hellebore, Euphorbium, of each one drag. beate and stéepe it in vineger, open and loose the gums about the tooth, and rub it often therewith; it is very forcible, and therefore to be the more regarded.

Item take Nettle séeds, roots of the Mulberry trée, and roots of Celendine, of each a like quan∣tity, boyle them in wine or vineger: this should haue the same operation with the former, and it is much safer.

Another. Open the gums, and lay bare the roote of the tooth, and strew Euphorbium in it, this will doubtlesse loose the tooth, that it may easily be taken out: afterwards wash thy mouth with the decoction of Myrrhe, for thereby will the place or hole be drawne together, and all paine a∣bated.

Take the dregs or lées of strong vineger, and apply it to the tooth many dayes together: after∣wards draw out the tooth. But if it will not stirre, then rub the place with fresh butter or some other grease of birds, and especially with the braines of a Hare sodden, which haue a hidden ver∣tue and operation for this purpose, as before hath bene said.

This remedy following applied to the tooth, maketh the same to fall out without any paine. Dissolue two drag. of Ammoniacum in vineger, temper Henbane séeds beaten amongst it, and annoint the tooth and the roote thereof.

Item take the iuice of Esula with meale, make a dow of it, temper it well, and let it boyle a while, and apply it to the tooth.

Of the double tooth.

OTherwhiles two téeth grow vnnaturally one before the other, which is not onely vn∣séemely, but hindereth also very much; wherefore it must be taken away with an in∣strument, and with applications. If you will take it away by application, then are you first to loose the gums from it, and make a little ball of Waxe, and mixe the iuice of Esula or of Néesewoort with it. The same doth also the blood of a leafe frogge. Or take the roote of a Mul∣berry trée and Pellitory, of each halfe an ounce, wet them in vineger, and dry them in the Sun vntill they be as thicke as hony, then temper them with the foresaid iuice of Esula, and annoint the tooth thrice a day with it, and it will easily fall out. The iuice of the rootes of Nettles mixed equally with Galbanum should do the same. In like manner also beaten Fig leaues applied to the tooth.

To make and to keepe the teeth cleane.

TAke Cuttle bone, white sea Muscles, Spuma maris, Allume, Aristology, parched Barley, Sulfer vife, Cinnamom, and long pepper, of each a like much, temper it with hony, and rub the téeth often therewith. Or take Argoile two drag. beate it small and searce it, wash it with good wine, rub the téeth once a day with it, and afterwards wash thy mouth in the winter with warme, and in summer with cold wine. This following is highly commended.

Take two drag. of Date stones, red Corall prepared thrée drag. Lupins, and the rootes of the yellow Flower deluce, of each thrée drag. beate all that is to be beaten, and afterwards make a confection of it with clarified hony, which must be so hard that you may make small placents or trocisces of it, dry them in the shadow: when you wil vse them, then dissolue one of them in wine or vineger, and wash thy téeth therewith euery morning, when thou hast first rubbed them well with a cloth, & kéepe the moisture a good while in thy mouth. Item take burnt Oister shels, and Sandaraca, of each half an ounce, Ireos two drag. Aristology, Gentian and Centory, of each half

a dragme, vse it as before. It is bitter, but it drieth and cleanseth much.

Or take one drop of the oyle of Vitriol, wet the teeth with it, and rub them afterwards with a course cloth: this taketh away all blacknes of the teeth, but it is very sharpe.

The same operation is ascribed vnto the oile of Sandaraca Take Allume and salt, of each a like much, beate it small, distill it in a glasse Lembicke, and rub thy teeth therewith. These last three things are very strong, and my counsell is to refraine them.

But if one would kéepe his teeth cleane, then are not those things to be vsed that do change the naturall white colour of the teeth into another hew. The causes are both outward and in∣ward, as the long vse of tincting or colouring meates, and the continuall dressing of the same in brasse pots. There groweth also a hard substance to the téeth, which may be called Argoile. The inward causes may be a corrupted and foule stomack, which commonly doth colour them green, and especially when one hath oftentimes eaten many Toadstooles. The cure thereof is this: if it be caused of bad meates, then must the patient first of all be let blood. If the téeth be pestered with Argoile, then is the same to be taken or scraped off gently. And because this colouring of the téeth doth only procéed of bad humors, they are therefore often to be rubbed with parched salt, afterwards with the dentifrices or powders that make white téeth, (which shal be described hereafter) and rub them therewith: and last of all with a peece of Scarlet dipped in hony.

How to make the teeth white.

TAke Venice glasse, mole it vpon a marble stone vntill it be very small, adde vnto it white pibble stones burnt, in like sort poudered, and Ireos, of each a like quantity, rub the teeth therewith. Item take burnt Date stones, red Corall prepared, of each two drag. put them mixed together in a péece of linnen cloth, stéepe it in wine, and rub the teeth with it: this maketh them white and strong.

Another. Take Pumice stone, Cuttle bone, and red bricke, eg shels, the white skin taken out of them, prepared red and white Coral of each half an ounce, Pellitory of Spaine, burnt Allum, of each two drag. and a half, Ireos two drag. Sandaraea thrée drag. Mastick, Myrrhe, of each half an ounce, make them into powder, and vse it for a dentifrice. Item take Pellitory of Spaine, burnt Allum, of each two drag. and a halfe, Dragons blood, blossomes of the Pomegranate trée, of each half a drag. mixe them together, and vse it as before. Some do vse the Cuttle bone only, others only egshels, they are both very good and safe.

How to preserue the teeth from all accidents.

MAny Phisitions do write, that whosoeuer will preserue and kéepe good téeth, he must ob∣serue two things especially: first they do commaund not to vse Milk, Fish, Radishes, dry Figs, dates, sodden hony, and al other meates that be dressed therewith. Also to abstaine from sower and gréene apples and peares, prunes, Seruices, Medlars, Limons and Garlick, all which by nature are hurtfull vnto the téeth. In like maner all things that are very hot or very cold, and especially the sudden change of hot or cold meates.

A good diet is also very commodious for this purpose; vomiting (as before hath bin shewed) is very bad and hurtful: also to bite on very hard things. The téeth are alwaies to be kept cleane, that nothing remaine betwéene them and stinke.

The meanes whereby the téeth are preserued and kept good, are these, to wit, that you rub them often with the barke of Tamariske, with the péels of Pomegranates, with the rind of an Ash trée, with blossoms of the Pomegranate trees, or with red blossomes of the Peach trée: they cleanse the téeth and confirme the gums. You may also temper white Sugar with Hony, and rub the téeth therewith: in cold causes with the oyle of Behen; in hot causes with the oyle of Roses. Item take the powder of a burnt Hares head, rub the téeth and gummes therewith: or take Hony and Salt, and burne them to ashes: beaten Lupins are also very commendable with any addition. Item beate Myrrhe and plume Allume into powder, or temper burnt Allu•••• with vineger, and wash thy mouth with it: or else take burnt Harts horne, séedes or flowers of Tamariske, Cipres rootes, Roses, Spikenard, of each one scrup. Salt halfe a scrup. make it into powder and rub thy téeth with it. Myrrhe sodden in Wine, and the téeth washed therewith,

fasteneth the téeth, and drieth the superfluous humidity of them. Chew Mastick and rub the téeth and gums with it, it maketh them cleane and strong.

The téeth also are alwayes to be kept cleane and pure, and not to pick them with an iron, but with a toothpicker made of Lentiscus, which is the trée whereof droppeth Mastick, which is much commended for the teeth: remember also to wash the téeth after euery meale.

The fourteenth Chapter. Of the Voice.

WE haue concluded before in the 13. Chapter the voyce to be the last part or portion of the mouth, which part is onely proper vnto all those liuing creatures that haue lungs: for although fishes and some other beasts séeme to haue a voice, yet it is nothing else but a noise; for a true voice procéedeth of an open breast. Also the voyces of all females are much lesse (except the Cow) then of males. But it is not our intent to speake of any other voyces, but onely of the humane voyce.

Amongst all liuing creatures you shall hardly find any thing more changeable and inconstant than the voyce. For behold a man or woman from childhood euen to old age, and you may easily perceiue the mutability of it: and which is aboue all things to be ad∣mired, that those children which speake very timely or yong, begin to go very late. It is also no lesse maruel that this voice being shut vp and included in something, can neuertheles be vnder∣stood. As for example, put a long trunke to another bodies eare, speake in it what and as softly as you please, yet shal he perfectly vnderstand euery word of your saying. Likewise you may as wel know one by the voice as by sight: for it is most sure, that if you heare one speak and sée him not, you shall as well know him by his voyce, as if you saw him and heard him not.

In like maner the voice maketh great difference both in words and in names in diuers spée∣ches ouer all the world. It bréedeth great delight by abreuiating, and extending, by singing high or low, soft or aloud in musick. And in this it excéedeth all other parts whatsoeuer, and is the only meanes, whereby we may disclose and make knowne our hidden thoughts and secret con∣ceits of the mind vnto our friend: also there is nothing else in which we differ from brute beasts but onely in the voice.

We will not speake of any weake voices, which are caused of some long sicknes: for we haue already written of them before in the thirtéenth chapter. But we purpose only to treate of those things that do corrupt or spoyle the voyce, as of hoarsnesse and such like.

If the voyce be decayed of a cold cause, then drinke halfe a drag. of beaten cubebs at your ly∣ing downe, sodden in thrée ounces of the decoction of Guaiacum.

The common people thinke it a good experiment to stéepe Horstongue in wine, and to drinke the same.

But the tabulats of Diaireos are especially commended, which are made as followeth:* 1.68 Take Ireos halfe an ounce, Penniroyall, Hyssope, Licorice, of each thrée drag. Dragagant, bitter Al∣monds, Pine apple kernels, Cinamom, Ginger, Pepper, of each one drag. and a half, figs, dates, Currans, of each fiue scrup. red Styrax three scrup. and a halfe; and for euery ounce of this pow∣der, take twelue ounces of Sugar, cut the fruits small, beate all the rest and make tabulats, or an Electuary of them. This is called at the Apotheries Diaireos Salomonis.

Another. Take Ireos halfe an ounce, Sugarcandy, and the abouenamed spices without Su∣gar two dragmes, Sugar twelue ounces, boyle it in the water of Hyssop vntill it be thick, then make tabulats of it. Both these kinds of Diaireos are good for the cough, proceeding of a cold rheume, and for a whéesing breath.

Of Hoarsnesse. §. 1.

THis hoarsnesse proceedeth of many and sundry causes, but especially of cold and sharp hu∣mors that fall out of the head into the throte, and there make it dry, whereof shall be spo∣ken at large when we shall speake of the infirmities of the throte: we will now only shew

what is conuenient for the roughnesse and hoarsnesse of the same; for the which Sugarcandy holden in the mouth very often is very commodious: also the confectiō Diatragacanthum, where∣of there be two sorts, to wit, the hot and the cold, which may be made as hereafter followeth.

The cold Electuary of Diatragacanthum.

TAke white Dragagant one ounce, gum Arabeck fiue drag. Starch two drag. Licorice, péeled Melon seeds, Gourds séeds, Cucumber and Pompeon séeds, of each one drag. Campher fiue graines, sugar pennets one ounce and a half, beate them to powder. If thou wilt make tabulats of it, then take of this powder one ounce, of the best Sugar twelue ounces, boile it in water of Violets as it behoueth. This confection is also very good for all infections of the lights, and of the breast, which do procéed of heate and drouth, and especialy for them that are declining to a consumption, and them that haue a dry cough doth it much helpe.

The hote confection of Diatragacanthum.

TAke Dragagant, Hyssop, of each two ounces, pine apple kernels, swéet Almonds, and Lin∣séed, of each three drag. Fenegréeke, Cinnamom, of each two drag. iuice of Licorice, Ginger, of each one drag. make it into an electuary or confection as before. This is very good for them that haue a tough and slimy cough, and that cannot get vp any thing: also for all them that haue a whéesing and short breath, and that are subiect to a consumption.

Take Iuiubes, boyle them in water, stéepe Cotton seeds in it, and hold them in thy mouth a long time: it hath a maruellous operation in all hoarsnesse, drought, and roughnesse of the throate.

Amongst all other things that haue bin found good by experience, the tabulats of Diatraga∣canth are much conmended: wherefore euery night when you go to bed shall you dissolue one of them in swéet wine, adding halfe a scruple of Saffron vnto it, and drinke them all together; this hath cured many men of an inueterate hoarsnesse.

A good potion. Take fiue pints of water, half a pint of hony, sixe Figs, one ounce of Currans, two drag. of Licorice, boyle one pint of it away, and scum it well, drinke euery morning fasting a good cupfull warme: you shall also temper or mixe your wine with it. This potion is also very commodiously vsed against the cough. Hony of Roses is also very good for all drouth and hoars∣nes of the throate, for it moisteneth and easeth it. In like maner also the conserue of Roses, oile of sweet Almonds, sirupe of Violets and Hony water, which commonly allayeth all roughnesse of the throte.

But if this hoarsnesse procéed of a cold rheume, then is Fennell seed very profitably vsed, howsoeuer it be adhibited: but for this purpose are confected Cumin séeds, Caru•• and confected Almonds much better. Likewise whatsoeuer shall be written hereafter in the second part of this booke for the cough, may also be vsed in this infirmity.

How to make a cleere voice. §. 2.

ONions and Garlicke, as also the Hyssop wine, are much commended for to make a cléere and good voyce, also the tabulats called Diaireos Nicolai.

This electuary following is also much commended for this purpose. Take Cab∣bage séeds, Hyssope, Elecampane rootes, Fole foote, rootes of the Flower deluce, Hore∣hound, of each half an ounce, Annis séeds, Fennel séeds, Ameos, Cubebs, Aristology, of each one drag. and a halfe, Oxymel compositum, Sirupus de Prassio, of each thrée ounces, Sugar pennets thrée drag. Pineapple kernels that haue bin infused in Vine cuict two dayes foure oun∣ces, Saffron one drag. clarified hony twelue ounces, temper it to a confection or electuary. Take of this in the morning halfe an ounce, with two ounces of the decoction of Nettle rootes. If it be not too much trouble for you, take one halfe of it in the morning, and the other halfe at night, mixed with a little Sugar. This may be vsed for all harshnes and hoarsnesse of the throte. The water may you alter or change according to the quality of the disease. And so we end the first part of this our Booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Cephalalgia.
• * 1.2

  Cephalaea.
• * 1.3

  Hemicrania
• * 1.4

  Congelatio.
• * 1.5

  How to make sirupes.
• * 1.6

  ••••nell of Squi••om∣••••••.
• * 1.7

  Paulus Ric∣cius Phisiti•••• to the Empe∣rour his Ele∣ctuarie.
• * 1.8

  Calamus Aro∣maticus
• * 1.9

  ••••manders 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the cold 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.10

  Washing bals for the cold paine of the head.
• * 1.11

  Neesing powders.
• * 1.12

  Yellow haire.
• * 1.13

  Black haire.
• * 1.14

  Curled haire.
• * 1.15

  To plucke out haire.
• * 1.16

  Oile of Eg••.
• * 1.17

  How to make the slime or muscilage of seeds & root.
• * 1.18

  Lice.
• * 1.19

  Their cause.
• * 1.20

  Their reme∣dies.
• * 1.21

  Crab-lice.
• * 1.22

  Lice in chil∣drens feete.
• * 1.23

  How to pre∣pare & mor∣tifie Quick∣siluer.
• * 1.24

  An especiall salue for the fracture of the skull.
• * 1.25

  Lac virginis or maidens milke.
• * 1.26

  Montag••a.
• * 1.27

  Plaister de Muscilagini∣bus.
• * 1.28

  The white powder of Rasis for the eyes.
• * 1.29

  Sief memithe
• * 1.30

  Opium not waies to be vsed for the eye.
• * 1.31

  O•• bloud.
• * 1.32

  C••••holer.
• * 1.33

  O•• P••legme.
• * 1.34

  Of Melan∣ch••lie
• * 1.35

  Vlcerations o•• he priui∣ti▪
• * 1.36

  Tutia prepa∣red.
• * 1.37

  A precious water for the eyes.
• * 1.38

  A drying and astringent Collyrium.
• * 1.39

  Vertues of Sugar candy. Water of Rosemarie for the eyes.
• * 1.40

  Vngula.
• * 1.41

  Nebula. Albugo.
• * 1.42

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 de Felli∣••••s.
• * 1.43

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.44

  The water of the Emperor Frederick•• for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sight.
• * 1.45

  Pomanders fit for a bad sight.
• * 1.46

  The con••••∣ction of Mon∣tagnana for a bad sight.
• * 1.47

  Canker Poly∣pus.
• * 1.48

  Vnquentum. Apostolicum.
• * 1.49

  Oz••••a.
• * 1.50

  Termes in 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.51

  Lethargus.
• * 1.52

  Stupor. Cold braine.
• * 1.53

  Cold and dry.
• * 1.54

  Cold & moist
• * 1.55

  Mania.
• * 1.56

  An especiall powder for memorie.
• * 1.57

  Iohannes Cole∣tus.
• * 1.58

  Delirium.
• * 1.59

  Phrenitis.
• * 1.60

  Mania.
• * 1.61

  Dementia.
• * 1.62

  Melancholia.
• * 1.63

  Buglosse good for Melancholie.
• * 1.64

  The signes of 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.65

  Laetificans Almansoris.
• * 1.66

  Oile of Co∣stus.
• * 1.67

  A comforta∣ble broth.
• * 1.68

  Diaireos.