The common places of the most famous and renowmed diuine Doctor Peter Martyr diuided into foure principall parts: with a large addition of manie theologicall and necessarie discourses, some neuer extant before. Translated and partlie gathered by Anthonie Marten, one of the sewers of hir Maiesties most honourable chamber.

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Title
The common places of the most famous and renowmed diuine Doctor Peter Martyr diuided into foure principall parts: with a large addition of manie theologicall and necessarie discourses, some neuer extant before. Translated and partlie gathered by Anthonie Marten, one of the sewers of hir Maiesties most honourable chamber.
Author
Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499-1562.
Publication
[Imprinted at London :: In Pater noster Rovve, [by Henry Denham and Henry Middleton] at the costs and charges of Henrie Denham, Thomas Chard, VVilliam Broome, and Andrew Maunsell,
1583]
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Subject terms
Theology, Doctrinal -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A14350.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The common places of the most famous and renowmed diuine Doctor Peter Martyr diuided into foure principall parts: with a large addition of manie theologicall and necessarie discourses, some neuer extant before. Translated and partlie gathered by Anthonie Marten, one of the sewers of hir Maiesties most honourable chamber." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A14350.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 10, 2024.

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How far foorth faith agre∣eth with feare.

9 Moreouer, that saieng of Paule; * 1.1 Other∣wise thou shalt be cut off, séemeth to make a∣gainst faith. None which beléeueth ought, as touching himselfe to be persuaded, that he shall be cut off; for faith suffereth not this persuasion to take place. The Lord saith, that He which beleeueth, passeth from death vnto life; not e∣uerie kind of life, but vnto eternall life, which is now alreadie begun, and shall be accompli∣shed in the world to come. Wherefore, séeing that eternall life is promised vnto vs, we ought in no wise to doubt thereof. Euerie one of the faithfull beléeueth that he is adopted by God into his sonne, and that he is chosen vnto eter∣nall life: wherefore it shall be vnto him as he beléeueth. * 1.2 For the etymologie of this word faith, is thought by manie to be drawne from hence; to wit, if that be doone which is spoken. Howbeit, he which so beléeueth, ought alwaies to be mindfull of perseuerance, and not to liue looselie; and ought also to craue at the hands of God his gift and grace to abide in his good∣nes; touching the obteinement whereof we ought not to doubt, séeing both God hath promi∣sed it vnto his, and also that the praier of the faithfull cannot be powred out with doubting, as the apostle Iames testifieth. Howbeit, * 1.3 it is profitable to take diligent héed to our flesh séeing it is weake, and euerie waie vncleane; * 1.4 neither is there any thing in the nature thereof, but may be condemned. Wherefore these words of the apostle stir vs vp to bridle the pride there∣of, and to breake the securitie of the same, and also to shake off sluggishnes,

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But for the reteining still of certeintie, we must flie vnto that which is written a little af∣ter; * 1.5 namelie, that The gifts and calling of God are without repentance. And that we may sée, how profitable this admonition of the apostle is vnto them that be faithfull, and that it is not in anie respect vaine, * 1.6 we will vse this distributi∣on: first, to sée as touching the church, what is to be feared. If we speake of the whole church, we must not in anie wise feare, that it shall euer faile: for Christ promised, that He would bee with it vnto the end of the world. Indéed it may be tempted, sifted, and shaken; but ouer∣throwne it cannot be: wherefore let vs praie, that the crosse, temptations, and persecutions thereof may be asswaged, and turned to good. But touching particular churches, * 1.7 bicause it is possible that they may be transferred, we doo praie as well against their continuall tempta∣tions, as also that with them, and especiallie with our church, may abide the kingdome of God. And concerning our posteritie also, there is cause why we should feare; * 1.8 bicause the pro∣mise is indefinitelie set foorth: and vnlesse the same be drawne more narrowe through electi∣on and predestination, it may come to passe, that it shall not comprehend them; euen as all the Iewes were not comprehended in the pro∣mise. And touching infants, we may also iudge the like; in verie déed, the couenant and pro∣mise excludeth them not, naie rather they be ge∣nerallie signified in these words, wherein the Lord saith; I will be thy God, and the God of thy seed; * 1.9 vnder which promise we baptise them, and visiblie incorporate them into the church; who yet, when they come to age, may reiect the couenant, and contemne the Gospell. Where∣by is made manifest, that they in verie déed perteined not to election, and vnto the promi∣ses: wherefore we may iustlie feare, least they should not stand, as we sée happened in Ismael and Esau.

There are moreouer in the church some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, which beléeue but for a time, and in the time of temptation step backe, as did Iudas; and they which in time of persecutions denie Christ: wherefore for these also we haue great cause to be afraid. As touching those which sincerelie beléeue in Christ, although they haue a confidence of their saluation, and are assured thereof; * 1.10 yet so long as we liue here, there be manie falles euen readie at hand with vs, and those great: as it is manifest by that which Pe∣ter and Dauid did. Wherefore they haue where∣of to be afraid, although they be not afraid, that they shall eternallie be damned; but assuredlie hope, that either they shall be defended by God, or that if they doo fall, they shall be restored againe. As we also doo trust of them which be ex∣communicated; for they are not cast out of the church, to the intent they should perish; but that their spirit might at length be saued. And there∣fore the elect also, and they which sincerelie be∣léeue, ought continuallie to be afraid of falling; and to beware, least they be cut off from Christ, * 1.11 though it be but for a time. And of this restituti∣on of them that haue fallen, is also mention made in Ieremie, in the third chapter; Thou hast plaied the harlot with thy louers; howbeit returne againe. All these things declare vnto vs, that this exhortation of Paule vnto feare, is not vnprofitable; séeing we ought so manie waies to be carefull both for our selues, and also for others. Further Chrysostome addeth here∣vnto; that The abuse of the grace of God, which reigneth among vs, ought to be vnto vs a great feare and horror, so often as we consider of it.

10 Wherevnto belongeth that, * 1.12 which is writ∣ten both vnto the Romans, and vnto the Corin∣thians; to wit, that The godlie stand by faith. Neither is that herevnto repugnant, which is written in the selfe-same 15. chapter of the epi∣stle to the Corinthians, * 1.13 that They stood in the Gospell; bicause faith is referred vnto the Gos∣pell, as vnto his owne obiect: yea rather it springeth hereof after a sort, as we haue heard before. Neither is there anie spéech made in this place of men particularlie, but of the whole con∣gregation and bodie of the beléeuers; and there∣fore he admonisheth vs vpon iust cause, * 1.14 that We should not be high minded, but should feare. For euen as the church of the Iewes is now ex∣tinguished, and Affrike likewise, and Greece, * 1.15 and Asia haue lost manie churches; so is it to be feared, least the selfe-same thing happen now vnto the churches which séeme to stand: where∣fore, let them not aduance themselues. * 1.16 But none of the number of the faithfull ought to be in doubt of his owne saluation; for the nature of faith is to make men assured of the promises of God. Howbeit, this must be vnderstood, that it is not possible to shake off all feare, * 1.17 so long as we liue in this life: for we be continuallie tos∣sed betwéene two cogitations; one touching the goodnes, faith, and constancie of God; the other as touching our corruption, infirmitie, and pronesse to euill.

For when we consider, how weake we are, and how prone to euill, and weigh also the vn∣purenes and imperfection of our works, how good soeuer they be; and therewithall the seue∣ritie of the lawe, in requiring the verie vtter∣most of things that it commandeth: this consi∣deration (I saie) if it be earnestlie had, cannot but make the mind excéedinglie afraid, and cast it downe. But when on the other side we consi∣der the goodnes, clemencie, and mercie of God,

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and his stedfastnesse in promises; and herewith∣all remember also, that all the merits of Christ are communicated with vs, we are refreshed and recreated, and the feare is either qualified, or else sometimes plainelie laid awaie. For these affections, where they be perfect, & through∣lie bent, doo one succéed another: for they can∣not be both at one time; or else if they be both at one time, then they appéere both to be remisse. But in what maner they giue place the one to the other, we may by dailie experience vnder∣stand.

* 1.18 For if anie man be set vpon the top of an high tower, and when he is there, his mind run∣neth vpon nothing else, but vpon the heigth of the tower, and what a déepe waie he should fall, so that he cannot fall without danger of death; it is not possible, but (if his mind be still bent vpon this) he will be altogither smitten with horror: but if he turne his eies aside to the bars or battlements which staie him vp, so that he cannot fall, then will he plucke vp his spirits a∣gaine, and will put awaie all feare. Neither ought it to séeme strange to anie man, that we saie, that faith expelleth that feare which is ioi∣ned with doubting of saluation; when as it is said in Iohn, that Charitie driueth out feare: for it is most certeine, * 1.19 that that which the scripture attributeth vnto charitie, ought much more to be attributed to faith; for charitie springeth ther∣of. But (as we haue alreadie said) Paule mea∣neth not of men particularlie, but of the publike profession of Christ, of the preaching of the Gos∣pell, and of the religion thereof receiued in anie whole nation or prouince. And that which is here spoken, stirreth vp godlie men to most fer∣uent praiers for preseruation of the churches.

* 1.20 11 But bicause the apostle in his epistle vn∣to the Romans writeth on this wise; Ye haue not receiued the spirit of bondage to feare anie more: it shall not be from the purpose, bréefelie to sée, whether Paule meaneth, that we be deli∣uered from all kind of feare or no. First this is certeine, * 1.21 that feare is nothing else, but a cer∣teine affection of the mind; whereby we are stri∣ken, by reason of some great & deadlie euill at hand. We are not woont to be mooued with dan∣gers a far off, but with such as hang ouer our heads; neither doo things that be light, and of small weight make vs afraid. * 1.22 Wherefore feare (as a Diuine speaketh of feare) hath respect vn∣to sinne, vnto the wrath of God, vnto chastise∣ments and scourges, and finallie vnto hell-fire. But there are two kinds of feare reckoned to be, * 1.23 of which the one is commonlie called a childlie feare; and the other a seruile feare. And that is counted a seruile feare, which onelie for feare of paines and of hell-fire, either draweth vs backe from dooing euill, or forceth vs to doo well. Euen so signified an Ethnike poet;

Oderunt peccare mali formidine poenae, that is, The wicked hate to sinne for feare of punish∣ment. But the childlie feare is that, whereby men liue vprightlie, and flie wickednesse; bi∣cause they desire the glorie of God, and for that they allow righteousnes euen for it selfe. Wher∣fore the same poet saith;

Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore; that is, The good hate to sinne for the loue of vertue. Of these two kinds of feare are manie things spoken oftentimes by Augustine in sundrie pla∣ces, & especallie in his 9. treatise vpon the epi∣stle of Iohn: & it is read in the maister of the sen∣tences, in the third booke, and 36. distinction, where Augustine alledgeth two places out of the holie scriptures, which séeme to be repug∣nant one to another. The one is out of Iohn; Perfect loue driueth out feare: * 1.24 the other is ta∣ken out of the 19. psalme; The feare of the Lord abideth for euer. To abide, * 1.25 and to be driuen foorth, agrée not togither; this contrarietie he maketh at one in this wise, & saith, that they in verie déed disagrée not. For euen as two pipes, being blowen with one & the selfe-same breath discord not: so (saith he) two harts, namelie the hart of Dauid, and the hart of Iohn, being stir∣red with one and the selfe-same spirit, cannot disagrée the one from the other. But yet they require an indifferent and an attentiue hearer; for Iohn speaketh of seruile feare, and of perfect loue; but Dauid speaketh of the childlie feare a∣foresaid. And therefore he saith; The feare of the Lord is chast or cleane (for in Hebrue it is written, Iireath, Iehouah, Tehorah,) and abideth for euer. On this maner (he thinketh) that the appéerance of contradiction which séemeth to be in these two places, may be holpen. And he vseth for each feare this similitude.

Let vs suppose (saith he) that there be two wo∣men, the one chast, * 1.26 and the other vnchast & an ad∣ultresse; doubtles each of these women feareth hir husband: the adultresse feareth him, when he is absent, least he should returne againe; and when he is present, least he should vnderstand of hir naughtie behauiour: but the chast wife is afraid of hir husband when he is present, least he should depart from hir, or should not loue hir so well, or should by some offense be alienated from hir. By this similitude Augustine thin∣keth may be distinctlie perceiued each kind of those feares. Others saie moreouer, * 1.27 that this seruile feare is not altogither vnprofitable; for it prepareth a waie vnto loue: for first (say they) it striketh the mind, and terrifieth men from sinnes; it stirreth them vp to righteousnesse for feare of punishments. And an vpright life, by little and little passeth into an vse, and is by cu∣stome made pleasant; and so at the length men

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begin to referre their dooings vnto God, and to estéeme righteousnes in respect of it selfe. For euen as a néedle, * 1.28 when anie thing is to be sow∣ed, first entreth in, and draweth with it the thred that is annexed thereto, but it selfe abideth not in that which is sowed: so (saie they) there créepeth into vs a seruile feare, which is after∣ward excluded, when charitie and a chast feare doo once take place.

But what is to be thought of those terrors, which in our minds go before faith, it is mani∣fest; namelie, that they are sins before the Lord: but if anie profit or cōmoditie followe them, that is to be attributed, not vnto their owne nature, but to the goodnes of the holie Ghost; for he vseth those to be meanes of our iustification. * 1.29 The Maister of the sentences, in stead of the twoo kinds of feare, which Augustine maketh menti∣on of, putteth foure. The first is a worldlie feare, whereby men, rather than they will lose riches, pleasures, and honours, fall awaie from Christ: and this is a feare most pernicious, and most farre from all godlines. The second is a seruile feare, which we before haue described. The third is an initiall feare, that is, a feare that serueth at the beginning, whereby men are so mooued with the feare of punishment, that togither ther∣with, they haue also a regard vnto God, and are caught with a certeine loue of his righteousnes and will: this feare in his iudgement is min∣gled both with a seruile feare, and also with a childlie feare. Last of all he ioineth that pure childlie feare with perfect charitie. But the Schoole-men, * 1.30 which followed the Maister of the sentences, bicause they also might adde some∣what of their owne, haue brought foorth another feare, which they call naturall; whereby euen by the impulsion of nature it selfe, we flie from those things, which are against the constitution of nature.

12 Now that I haue bréeflie and faithfullie declared these things out of Augustine, out of the Maister of the sentences, and out of the Schoole-men; I will in few words set foorth what is to be taught touching them. First I confesse, * 1.31 that there is more than one kind of feare; for I knowe that Peter feared otherwise than did Iudas: for Iudas indéed so feared, as hée despaired; * 1.32 but Peter so feared, as he returned againe vnto Christ, whom before he by denieng had forsaken. Wherefore we saie, that a seruile feare is that, whereby we be so horriblie afraid of God, * 1.33 and flie from him when he is angrie, that we are vtterlie void of faith. But a childlie feare is that, whereby in the midst of terrors, we are lifted vp through faith: neither suffer we our selues to be swalowed vp with feare. Wher∣fore in godlie men feare is neuer separated from faith; * 1.34 for these twoo things must be so knit togither, that faith doo alwaies gouerne feare: for if it should not be so, desperation would easi∣lie followe. For, euen as the lawe ought al∣waies to be ioined with the Gospell, * 1.35 so ought feare to be euer ioined with faith. We doo not so imbrace the Gospell, but that we alwaies thinke vpon the obedience of the commande∣ments of God. And when we sée how often, and how gréeuouslie we fall, we call our selues backe againe to repentance. On the contrarie, the lawe is not to be receiued without the Gos∣pell; for if it should, we could neither obeie it without Christ, neither yet obteine pardon for the offenses that we haue committed against it. Wherefore Paule calleth vs not backe vtter∣lie from all feare of God; * 1.36 but from that feare onelie, which wanteth faith, and which flieth from God, as from an enimie, and from a cru∣ell tyrant. But that feare which hath faith to mo∣derate it, cannot be reprooued; for it is the gift of the holie Ghost, * 1.37 as we read in the eleuenth chapter of Esaie. And the propertie of the gifts of the holie Ghost is, * 1.38 that by them we submit all our vertues and affections to the moderation of faith, and make them to serue God trulie and sincerelie.

These gifts they commonlie counted to be seuen; * 1.39 and if a man demand how they prooue that, they straitwaie cite the eleuenth chapter of Esaie. Howbeit, if we examine that place by the truth of the Hebrue, we shall onelie find sixe gifts to be there; namelie, the spirit of wise∣dome, of vnderstanding, of counsell, of forti∣tude, of knowledge, and of the feare of the Lord. But these men haue béene deceiued by the La∣tine translation, which followed not the truth of the Hebrue, but the seuentie interpretours; for they, betwéene the spirit of knowledge and of feare, haue put the spirit of pietie, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is perteining to the obedience of God; where∣by it séemeth, that they ment to interpret what maner of feare of GOD that should be, which might light vpon Messias, * 1.40 of whom in that place there is mention made. For that feare was nei∣ther seruile, nor yet a childs feare; but onelie an obedience, pietie, and reuerence towards God his father. Neither haue the seuentie interpre∣tours onelie once so interpreted the feare of God; for in the booke of Iob, where we read; Fearing God, they haue turned it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, * 1.41 that is, Obeieng God. Howbeit, vndoubtedlie we ought not to drawe togither into so streict a number, the gifts of the holie Ghost, * 1.42 to thinke them to be but onlie sixe or seuen; for besides all those, which are reckoned in that chapter, the same Esaie reckoneth in another place, the spirit of iudgment and of zeale. And Zacharie maketh mention of the spirit of grace, and Paule of the spirit of sanctification, and Iohn of the spirit of

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truth; and Paule againe in another place of the spirit of adoption, * 1.43 and to the Ephesians of the spirit of promise, and a great manie of other like gifts.

13 These things being so, let vs now sée, how both in this life, and in the other life, feare may haue place. * 1.44 The saints, when they are in heauen, for that they shall then haue perfect cha∣ritie (to speake of feare properlie, as it is a mo∣tion stirred vp by meanes of some gréeuous e∣uill that hangeth ouer vs) shall haue no feare. This doth Augustine confes vpon the fift psalme vpon these words; I will worship in thy feare to∣wards thy holie temple. But in them can one∣lie be that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, obedience, reuerence, worshipping, and pietie towards God; as the 70. interpretours haue expounded the spirit of the feare of the Lord: * 1.45 and so such a gift might be found in Christ, who indéed otherwise could nei∣ther feare sinne, nor hell-fire, nor yet fatherlie chastisements of God. And if a man would saie, that he feared death; that must be vnder∣stood of naturall feare, whereof we intreat not at this present. And after this sort doo I vnder∣stand Ambrose, when in his booke De spiritu sancto he affirmeth, that The gifts of the holie Ghost are in the angels. Out of which words the School-men gather, that in them is the feare of God: for doubtlesse, séeing they are in blessed state, that can be no otherwise vnderstood, but as it hath béene alreadie shewed of me. But as touching the godlie in this life; * 1.46 we must so af∣firme, as we thinke not, that they can be with∣out childlie feare; so that that feare be so vnder∣stood (according as I taught before) that they doo not onelie flie from offending of God, and are afraid of falles against his will; but also are mooued with the feare of hell-fire, and of the wrath of God, and of his punishments: vnto which feare neuertheles, a quiet faith and con∣fidence in the mercie of God, are as a present comfort.

For we ought not to thinke, that the threate∣nings in the holie scriptures are vaine; for they are also profitable to the godlie, * 1.47 especiallie when they haue not as yet obteined perfect charitie & absolute regeneration. Christ said vnto his a∣postles; I will shew you whom ye shall feare, euen him, which after he hath killed the bodie, hath power also to cast the soule into hell-fire. And Paule to the Corinthians bringeth foorth ex∣amples of the Hebrues in old time, * 1.48 whereby he declareth, that for their abusing the sacraments of God, they were destroied in the desert. By which examples he ment to warne the Corin∣thians, to beware of the like vengeance; Manie (saith he) are weake, and manie sleepe. And if we would iudge our selues, we vndoubtedlie should not be iudged: but now, forsomuch as we are iudged, we be corrected of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with this world. And vnto the Philippians; * 1.49 Worke your saluation with feare and with trembling. And vnto the Romans; Be not ouer wise, but feare. * 1.50 Hereby we sée, that godlie men liue not vpon the earth without the feare of God. And héere, feare hath respect to manie kinds of euils; for the godlie are afraid of sinne, of often falling, of the wrath of God, of fatherlie chastisements, of scourges wherewith God punisheth his people when they sinne, and finallie of hell-fire: which they sée they haue deserued, vnlesse God by his mercie, and Christ by his sacrifice, which he of∣fered vpon the crosse, should helpe and succour vs.

But what meaneth that which Iohn saith; * 1.51 Perfect charitie casteth out feare. I knowe there be some, which interpret these words in this sense; to wit, that they which loue God tru∣lie, are not afraid to put themselues for godli∣nesse sake into all maner of dangers; neither doo they shun persecutions, but valiantlie doo stand stedfast in all maner of aduersities. * 1.52 The verie which thing Paule in the latter epistle to Timo∣thie wrote in other words saieng; We haue not (saith he) receiued the spirit of fearefulnesse, but of might and of loue. Wherefore he exhorteth Timothie, not to be ashamed of the testimonie of the Lord, * 1.53 or of him being in bonds for the Lords sake: but couragiouslie to indure labour for the Gospell sake. Albeit that these things be true, yet this is not that which the place of Iohn teacheth; for it maketh mention there of the iudgement of the Lord, of which he willeth the godlie, which looue God, not to be afraid: and he rendreth a reason; bicause feare hath disquiet∣nes ioined with it. Wherefore I willinglie as∣sent vnto Augustine, which saith, that Iohn spea∣keth of perfect charitie; the which, séeing it can∣not be had in this life, we may not looke to haue it without feare. Further, we might in this place vnderstand that feare, which is disseue∣red from confidence; and therefore driueth men to desperation: for they which beléeue and looue God trulie, vphold their feare with a liuelie faith.

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