Animaduersions vpon M. Seldens History of tithes, and his reuievv thereof before which (in lieu of the two first chapters purposely pretermitted) is premised a catalogue of seuenty two authours, before the yeere 1215. Maintaining the ius diuinum of tythes or more, to be payd to the priesthood vnder the Gospell: by Richard Tillesley Doctor in Diuinity, and archdeacon of Rochester.

ANIMADVERSIONS vpon the HISTORY.

THe Authours first and second chap∣ters, Of the testimonies of Scriptures and practise of the Iewes (whereon accor∣ding to my Profession, I most enten∣ded to haue placed my Obseruations) haue beene learnedly censured, and the authorities of Scripture which are there proposed, haue beene exactly pressed by that most religious and most worthy Knight Syr Iames Sempil; whose loue to the house of God, shall be gra∣cious both with God and good men: And the Treatises of the Diuine right of Tithes, promised by many,* 1.1 must insist there∣upon. I haue therefore vpon due respect (for to vse S. Hi∣laries phrase, Quid tantorum virorum doctrinis atque dictis, inserimus torpentia ingenia, atque sensus hebetes, atque temera∣rios?) neither interposed my censure, neither preuented their censuring: Yet whereas, according to the wise iudgement of Vincentius Lyrinensis, Ecclesiasticall tradition after Scripture, as an interpreter, is needfull to conuey the true sense of Gods Word with more euidence to the peeuish. What that noble Knight did purposely omitte, I haue aduentured, not bawking any helpe of M. Seldens, or other mens writings, to propose a Cata∣logue of the ancient Fathers, and succeeding Writers, whereby both his and our Churches iudgement may be freed from the suspicion of noueltie, and the Authour, and whosoeuer fa∣uour the opinion of his booke, may be brought to consi∣deration, how many holy Fathers, whose liues and deathes, God hath made glorious by miracles, by whose learned and

godly writings, both Heresie was confounded, and the Trueth conueyed vnto vs, are opposite to their politike new found fancie: And yet so little reuerence had their gray-headed authorities, that either they are passed with censure, or con∣tempt.* 1.2 Aimoinus lib. 3. de gestis Francorum cap. 41. Relates that when Chilperick would haue proclaimed Sabellianisme and perswaded Gregorius Turonensis to it, and yet in his rea∣son confessed S. Hilarie and S. Augustine to be against him, that holy Bishop replied; Cauendum est, Domine mi Rex, ne & ille irascatur tibi, cuius illi fuerunt famuli, qui vt tu ipse fate∣ris, in ista credulitate sunt contrarij. I compare not the errors together, God forbid, yet the aduise of that great Bishop be∣longeth to him; That since he acknowledgeth S. Ambrose, and S. Augustine, and S. Gregorie and others to be aduersaries to his intention, he would feare the anger of that God whose ser∣uants they were. And following Vincentius Lyrinensis his wise admonition,* 1.3 Quicquid non vnus aut duo tantum, sed omnes pa∣riter vno eodemque consensu, apertè, frequenter, perseueranter, te∣nuisse, scripsisse, docuisse cognouerit, id sibi quoque intelligat, abs∣que vlla dubitatione credendum. Whatsoeuer the vnanimous consent of continuate antiquitie, hath constantly held, writ, taught; that without doubting is to be beleeued: He would retract his new opinion, and acknowledging his last errour, he would returne to the gracious fauour of the King and Church, whom if by disobedience he neglect, would shewe more supercilious pride and youthfull folly, then either would beseeme subiect or Christian.

Before the authorities, let the Reader obserue these three Propositions, which may state both the question, and inter∣prete the Ancient.

1 That the Doctrine concerning Tithes was euer that they were due De Iure Diuino, as appeares by the Fathers in time of persecution, when they could not haue them generally paid, as Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, Cyprian.

2 That assoone as persecution ceased they were receptae in moribus hominum, before they were giuen to the Church by

any Imperiall or Ecclesiasticall law, as appeareth by those Fathers that liued in the flourishing time of the Church in the next 300. yeres, as S. Chrysostome, Hierome, Augustine, Am∣brose, and many others.

3 That the lawes Imperiall & Ecclesiasticall concerning Tithes, doe declare the right of Tithes, not giue them nor the Right, and they doe adde Ciuill and Ecclesiasticall punish∣ments on the Non-payers rather then decree the payment, as in the Capitulars is manifest.

The Catalogue shall be disposed according to their seuerall precedence in antiquitie, and onely those at large insisted on, who directly, or by necessary consequence, maintaine the Di∣uine right of Tithes or more: Which consequences shall be onely briefly deduced out of them, not to stay the more learned reader in the English, nor yet defraud any of the in∣ferences.

The first shalbe Irenaeus,* 1.4 Qui proximus fuit tēporibus Apostolo∣rum, as S. Basil de S. S^to. cap. 25. He lib. 4. cap. 20. saith, Sacerdo∣tes sunt omnes Domini Apostoli, qui neque agros, neque domos haereditant hic, sed semper altari & Deo seruiunt; De quibus & Moses, Non erit sacerdotibus Leuitis in tota tribu Leui pars, ne{que} substātia cum Israel, fructificationes Domini substantia eorum, manducabunt eas. Propter hoc & Paulus, Non inquiro, inquit, da∣tum, sed inquiro fructum. Discipulis inquit Dominus, Leuiticam substantiam habentibus, &c. The Apostles are the Priests that serue at the Altar: that must eate the Lords parte: that must haue the substance of the Leuites; not of gift, but right; Of them spake Moses; Therefore are tithes due to them by the Law of God. In the same booke, cap. 27. Et propter hoc Dominus pro eo quod est, Non moechaberis, non concupiscere prae∣cepit: & pro eo quod est, Non occides, neque irasci quidem, & pro eo quod est Decimare, — omnia quae sunt pauperibus diuidere, Haec omnia non dissoluentis legem erant, sed extendentis & dila∣tantis in nobis, and cap. 31. Quae autem naturalia, & liberalia, & communia omnium, auxit & dilatauit. Therefore Decimare according to Irenaeus, is plainly naturall. And cap. 34. of the

same booke; Offerre igitur oportet Deo primitias eius creaturae, sicut & Moyses ait, Non apparebis vacuus in conspectu Domini Dei tui, vt in quibus gratus extitit homo, in his gratus ei deputa∣tus, eum qui est ab eo percipiat honorem, — Et propter hoc illi qui∣dem decimas suorum habebant consecratas: Qui autem percepe∣runt libertatem, omnia quae sunt ipsorum, ad dominicos decernunt vsus hilariter ac liberè dantes ea quae non sunt minora, vipote maiorem spem habentes. To giue Tithes or more is a signe of our hope of heauen. Therefore.

* 1.52. Origenes. Quem post Apostolos Ecclesiarum magistrum, nemo nisi imperitus negat. as S. Hierome de nominibus He∣braicis, He Hom. 11. in Numeros. Decet enim & vtile est, etiam Sacerdotibus Euangelij offerre primitias: Ita enim & Dominus disposuit vt qui Euangelium annuntiant, de Euangelio viuant. Et sicut hoc dignum est & decens, sic è contrario & indecens & in∣dignum existimo & impium vt is qui Deum colit, & ingreditur Ecclesiam Dei qui scit Ministros & Sacerdotes assistere altari, & aut verbo Dei, aut ministerio Ecclesiae deseruire; vt de fructibus terrae quos Deus dedit, solem suum producendo, & pluuias suas mi∣nistrando non offerat primitias suas Sacerdotibus. Non mihi vide∣tur huiusmodi anima habere memoriam Dei, nec cogitare, nec credere, quia Deus dederit fructus quos coepit, quos ita recondit, quasi alienos à Deo. Si enim á Deo sibi datos crederet, sciret vti{que} munerando Sacerdotes, honorare Deum de datis & muneribus suis. Et adhuc vt amplius haec obseruanda etiam secundum lite∣ram ipsius Dei vocibus doceantur, addemus & haec: Dominus di∣cit in Euangelijs, Vae vobis Scribae & Pharisaei hypocritae, qui deci∣matis mentham, hoc est, decimam datis menthae, & cymini, & anethi, & praeteritis quae maiora sunt legis, Hypocritae, haec oportet fieri, & illa non omitti; Vide ergo diligentius quomodo sermo Do∣mini vult fieri quidem omnimodè quae maiora sunt legis, non tamen omitti & haec quae secundū literam designantur. Quod si dicas, quia haec ad Pharisaeos dicebat, non ad discipulos: Audi iterum dicentem ad discipulos, nisi abundauerit iustitia vestra plusquam Pharisaeo∣rum & Scribarum, non intrabitis in regnum coelorum. Quod vult ergo fieri à Pharisaeis, multo magis & maiori cum abundātia vult

à discipulis impleri. Quod autem fieri à discipulis non vult, nec Pharisaeis imperat faciendum. Quomodo ergo abundat iustitia nostra, plusquam Scribarum & Pharisaeorum, si illi de fructibus terrae suae gustare non audent, priusquam primitias Sacerdotibus offerant, & Leuitis decimae separentur; Et ego nihil horum fa∣ciens, fructibus terrae ita abutar, vt Sacerdos nesciat, Leuites ig∣noret, diuinum altare non sentiat?

It is impious not to offer first fruits to the Priests of God, who giueth Sunne and raine. He hath no thought of God, nor beleeueth that God gaue the fruits of the earth, who parteth to God none of his owne gifts and blessings. We are taught by the word of God to offer them. Moreouer, the Lord saith in the Gospel, concerning the Tithing of the Pharisees, these things ye ought not to haue omitted. But if any obiect, that he spake to the Pharisees, and not to his disciples, heare what he saith to his disciples. Except your righteousnesse exceed the righteous∣nesse of the Scribes and Pharisees; What then the Pharisees did, must bee exceeded by the Disciples. And what hee would not haue his disciples doe, he would not command the Pharisees to doe. This is the summe of Origen; and his arguments are powerfull to prooue the Diuine right of Tithes.

3. Cyprian, lib. de vnitate Ecclesiae.* 1.6 Domos tunc & fun∣dos venundabant, & thesauros sibi in coelo reponentes, distribuen∣da in vsus indigentium pretia Apostolis osserebant. At nunc de patrimonio nec decimas damus, & cum vendere iubeat Domi∣nus, emimus potius & augemus. He reprehends the not equal∣ling of the Iewes in giuing Tithes, since we will not imitate the Apostles times to giue all. But by the Law of God wee ought at least to equall the Iewes. Therefore.

The same, lib. 1. ep. 9. Scriptum est, Nemo militans Deo, impli∣cat se molestijs secularibus, vt possit placere ei, cui se probauit: Quod cum de omnibus dictum sit, quanto magis molestijs & la∣queis secularibus obligari non debent, qui diuinis rebus & spiri∣tualibus occupati ab Ecclesia recedere, & ad terrenos & seculares actus vacare non possunt? Cuius ordinationis & religionis formam Leuitae prius in lege tenuerunt, vt cum terram diuiderent, &

possessiones partirentur vndecim tribus, Leuitica tribus, quae tem∣plo & altari & ministerijs diuinis vacabat, nihil de illa diuisionis portione perciperet sed alijs terram colentibus, illa tantum Deum coleret, & ad victum at{que} alimentum suum, ab vndecim tribubus, de fructibus qui nascebantur decimas perciperet. Quod totum fiebat de authoritate & dispositione diuinâ, vt qui operationibus diuinis insistebant, in nulla re auocarentur, nec cogitare, aut agere secularia cogerentur. Quae nunc ratio & forma in Clero tene∣tur, vt qui in Ecclesia Domini, ad ordinationem clericalem promo∣uentur, nullo modo ab administratione diuina auocentur, ne mo∣lestijs & negotijs secularibus alligentur, sed in honore sportulan∣tium fratrum, tanquam decimas ex fructibus percipientes, ab altari & sacrificijs non recedant, & die ac nocte coelestibus rebus & spiritualibus seruiant. The same reason and forme is ob∣serued in the Gospel for the maintenance of the Clergie, which was first in the Law, that he that goeth in Gods war∣fare should not be entangled in worldly affaires. Therefore, Tithes or more de Iure diuino.

* 1.74. S. Hilarie, in his booke Explanationis in Matth. can. 24. Quia ea quae in decimis menthae & anethi lex praescri∣bit, — Quia decimatio illa oleris, quae in praeformationem futu∣rorum erat vtilis non debebat omitti. Tithing of herbes not to be omitted, because profitable for the example of future times. Therefore now by that precept due.

* 1.85. S. Gregorie Nazianzene, Orat. 5. Christus appellatur Melchisedech, vt accipiens decimas a summis illis Patriarchis. If Christ as receiuing Tithes, be called Melchisedech, then he receiued them, and if he, his priests.

* 1.96. S. Ambrose, Serm. 34. in Feria 3. post Primam Domi∣nicam Quadragesimae. Quicunque recognoscit in se quod fideliter Decimas suas non dederit, modò emendet quod minus fecit. Quid est fideliter Decimas dare, nisi vt nec peius nec minus aliquid Deo offerat, aut de grano suo, aut de vino suo, aut de fructibus arborum, aut de pecoribus, aut de hortis, aut de negotijs, aut de ipsa vena∣tione sua? Quia de omni substantia quam Deus homini donat, decimam partem sibi seruauit; & ideo non licet homini retinere

illud quod Deus sibi reseruauit. Tibi dedit nouem partes; sibi vero reseruauit decimam partem: Et si tu non dederis Deo Decimam partem, Deus tollet à te nouem partes. — Nam qui non vult Deo reddere Decimas quas retinuit, & homo non studet reddere quod iniustè ab eo abstulit, non timet adhuc Deum, & ignorat, quid sit vera poenitentia, veraque confessio: God hath reserued the Tenth part, He that payeth not the Tenth doth not yet feare God, nor know what is true repentance and con∣fession. Therefore.

Idem, in Sermone in Die Ascensionis. Ille vere bonus Christia∣nus, qui de fructibus suis non gustat nisi prius ex ipsis aliquia Deo offerat, qui Decimas Deo annis singulis pauperibus erogandas reddit. He is truely a good Christian that payeth his Tithes yeerely to God. Therefore.

Idem, in Comment. in Luc. cap. 11. lib. 7. Comparat collatio∣nem Decimarum etiam vilium fructuum, operibus: Iudicium vero & charitatem, fidei; Et inde infert; Sed ne rursus fidei nos studiosos faciat operum negligentes, perfectionem fidelis viri, breue concludit, vt de fide & operibus approbetur, Dicens, Haec oportuit facere, & illa non omittere, Workes are compared to Tithing of small herbes, as faith to iudgement and mercie. In the 11. of Luke; But Workes are de Iure diuino, though compared with faith. And therefore so must Tithes be.

7. S. Hierome, vpon the third of Malachie;* 1.10 Quod de deci∣mis primitijsque diximus, quae olim dabantur à populo Sacerdoti∣bus & Leuitis, in Ecclesiae quoque populis intelligite, quibus prae∣ceptum est, non solum decimas & primitias dare, sed & ven∣dere omnia quae habent & dare pauperibus, & sequi Dominum Saluatorem; Quod si facere nolumus, saltem Iudaeorum imitemur exordia, vt pauperibus partem demus ex toto, & Sacerdotibus & Leuitis, honorē debitum deferamus. Vnde dicit Apostolus; Hono∣ra viduas, & presbyterum duplici honorem honorandum. Quod qui non fecerit, Deum fraudare & Dominum supplantare conuincitur, & maledicitur ei in penuria rerum, qui parcè seue∣rit, parcè & metat, & qui in benedictione seminat, in benedictio∣nibus fructus colligat abundanter. Christians are commanded

to giue Tithes and first fruits: He that doth not, spoileth and deceiueth God. Therefore.

* 1.118. S. Chrysostome, Hom. 35. in Genes. Remunerauit Mel∣chizedechum, & decimas ei segregauit, de omnibus quae attulit; Hoc loco doctor fit omnibus, vt declarantes gratitudinem, pri∣mitias eorum quae sibi à Deo concessae, offerant. Abrahams exam∣ple, teacheth all in gratitude to offer First fruits or Tithes of all things which God hath giuen. Therefore due. And Hom. 18. in Acta Apost. Parumne est oro torcular benedici? Parumnè est Deum ex omnibus frugibus ac decimis, prius partem ac deci∣mas accipere? Ad pacem Agricolarum hoc vtile. The giuing of Tithes procures a blessing. Therefore due.

Idem, hom. 4. in 2. cap. ad Ephes. Quid enim non fecerunt hac in re Iudaei? Decimas ac rursus decimas, Orphanis, Viduis ac Proselytis contribuerunt. Nunc verò admirando quempiam di∣cere solemus, decimas ille, vel iste dat, quanta quaeso turpitudinis scatet, si quod apud Iudaeos, nullius erat admirationis, aut cele∣britatis, apud Christianosiam sit, vnde debeat admirari? Si tunc periculum erat Decimas negligere, perpende quanti nunc istud fuerit? Entending to stirre vp the Peoples deuo∣tion he alleageth the example of the Iewes herein, compa∣ring their bountie with our backwardnesse; They did free∣ly and willingly pay Tithes of all to the Priest, and another Tenth also to the Poore. But we Christians can scarse afford to pay our bare Tithes, and at length he concludes with this consideration: If it were a danger then to the Iewes not to pay their Tithe; consider then, how great a danger it must needs be now if we neglect it. Therefore.

* 1.129 S. Augustine, hom. 48 inter 50. Serm. Maiores nostri ideo copiis abundabant, quia Deo decimas dabant, & Cae∣saricensum reddebant, modò autem quia decessit deuotio, accessit indictio fisci, noluimus partiri cum Deo decimas, modo autem to∣tum tollitur: hoc tollit fiscus, quod non accipit Christus. Our fore∣fathers did therefore abound with plentie, because they gaue their Tithes to God, and paid their tribute to Caesar, but now because deuotion is decreased, exactions haue encreased, wee

will not giue the tenth part to God, and now all is taken away, that which Christ cannot haue, Caesar will.

Idem, in Psal. 146. Exime aliquam partem reddituum tuo∣rum, Decimas vis, Decimas exime, quanquam parum sit; di∣ctum est enim quia Pharisaei Decimas dabant.—Et quid ait Domi∣nus, Nisi abundauerit iustitia vestra.—Et ille super quem debet abundare iustitia tua decimas dat, tu autem nec millesimam das? In this dutie wee are commanded by Christ to exceede the Pharisees. Therefore no lesse due de Iure diuino.

Idem, in Serm. ad Fratres in Eremo. ser. 64. Et si aliquis est agricola qui terram colat, de fructibus suis & ex ijs omnibus quae Dominus ei donat, in decima Ecclesiam non defraudet, & de par∣ticulâ suâ pauperibus dare non negligat. Si negotiator est, & in hoc laborat, & ipse Deo non seruit de suo labore, vel decimam red∣dere noluerit, & de sua particula pauperibus ministrare non cura∣uerit, ad nihilum ipse vnà cum pecunia sua redigetur. Et quacun∣que arte Dominus alicui personae ingenium lucrandi donauerit, vnde se & suos nutrire & vestire potuerit, & cum hoc superlucrari aliqua, post decimam, ex ipsa sua particula quae sibi remanet, pro redemptione animae suae ac suorum, pauperibus hilariter donet. If any one be a Husbandman that tilleth the ground, let him not defraud the Church, in the Tithe of his fruit and of all those things which God hath giuen him, and let him not neglect to giue of his owne part to the poore: If hee bee a Tradesman and bestowes his paines thereon, and he doe not serue God of his labours, or will not pay his Tithe, and takes no care to giue of his owne part to the poore; he him∣selfe together, with his money shall be brought to nought. And by what occupation soeuer, the Lord shall giue wit to any person to thriue, by which he may bee able to feede and cloath himselfe and his, and with it ouer and aboue gaine something, after the Tithe, let him willingly giue to the poore, of his owne parte which remaineth to him, for the benefit of his soule.

Vide Sermonem de Tempore, 219. Which sermon is whol∣ly for the payment of Tithes; and is published in English

by that worthy louer of Gods Church S. Henry Spilman, af∣ter his religious Treatise, De non temerandis Ecclesus, in which sermon are as many arguments, almost as sentences, to proue the diuine right.

* 1.1310. Eusebius Emissenus, sine quis alius homil. in Dominic. vndecima post Pentecosten super verba Pharisaei, Luc. 18. Pha∣risaeus stans haec apud se orabat &c. Nihil horum reprehensibile est, Nam & Deo pro beneficijs gratias agere, & bis in hebdoma∣da ieiunare, & de omnibus decimas dare, bonum valde est & lau∣dabile. None of these things (which the Pharisee there did) is reprooueable, for both to giue thankes to God, and to fast twice a weeke, and to pay Tithes of all things, is very good, and laudable.

* 1.1411. Cassianus, Collatione 21. (praeter ea quae citantur à Seldeno, pag. 47.) cap. 25. dicit, Lege Mosaicâ, vniuerso po∣pulo generalis est promulgata praeceptio; Decimas tuas & Primitias offeras Domino Deo tuo: Itaque qui substantiarum, omniumque fructuum decimas offerre praecipimur, multo magis necesse est vt ipsius quoque conuersationis nostrae, atque humani vsus, operumque nostrorum Decimas offeramus, &c. Et cap. 33. Quicunque soluit Decimas fructuum suorum, atque Primitias, aut partem pecuniarum, constrictus legis antiquae sanctione distri∣buit. Wee are commanded by the generall Law of Moses: Wee are bound by the decree of the ancient Law, and what is that but the morall which binds vs, and by this Tithes are enioyned; Therefore due by the Law of God.

* 1.1512. Isidorus Pelusiota, lib. 1. epist. 317. Hermino Comiti; Praeclare Dominum ornas cum nobis fructuum tuorum Primi∣tias tribuis, decimamque partem ex vbertate terrae tuae, ei à quo eam accipisti pendis; quam quidem tu in multa tempora habi∣turus es; Nunc quidem eorum quae opus sunt, sufficientem vsum tibi custodientem; post autem sempiternam voluptatem affe∣rentem. It doth much honour the Lord: It procures preser∣uation of temporall blessings, and brings euerlasting pleasure. Therefore.

* 1.1613 Caesarius Arelatensis, de Eleemosyna, hom. 2. Et quia

non solum Decima nostrae non sunt, sed Ecclesiae deputatae, ve∣rum quicquid amplius quam nobis opus est à Deo accepimus, pauperibus erogare debemus. Est etiam locus notabilis, Serm. 14. post initium: Vbi etiam multa ex Augustino. Idem, hom. 37. Dominus dicit in Euangelio, Omnem decimationem ve∣stram distribuite, Ipse per Prophetam, Inferte omnem decimam &c. postea citat locum Augustini per totum. The Lord in the Gospel and by the Prophet Malachie commandeth it. Therefore.

14. Eugippius in vita Sancti Seuerini, cap. 17. & 18.* 1.17 ci∣tatur pag. 47. Deuotissime frugum suarum Decimas pauperibus impendebant, quod mandatum licet cunctis ex Lege notissi∣mum sit, tamen quasi ex ore Angeli praesentis grata deuotione seruabant. Et postea dicit Seuerinus, Si Decimas obtulissetis pauperibus, non solum aeterna mercede frueremini, verum etiam commodis possetis abundare praesentibus. It is Gods com∣mandement; It bringeth both eternall and temporall re∣ward. Therefore.

15. Anastasius Sinaita, in quaest. 13.* 1.18 libri qui vocatur Dux vitae, Quaestio est; Quantam suorum bonorum mensuram debet quispiam Deo offerre? In responsione ex Chrysostomo in Mat∣thaeum, post multa, sic ait; Si ergo is qui dat dimidium nihil ope∣ratur, quanti erit is, qui ne Decimam quidem praebet? Hee that payeth not, is not esteemed with God. Therefore.

16 Concilium Matisconense secundum Can. 5.* 1.19 Citatur pag. 58. Leges diuinae consulentes sacerdotibus ac ministris Ec∣clesiarum, pro haereditaria portione omni populo praecepe∣runt Decimas fructuum suorum, locis sacris praestare, vt nullo la∣bore impediti per res illegitimas, spiritualibus possint vacare mi∣nisterijs, quas Leges, Christianorum congeries longis temporibus custodiuit intemeratas. Vnde statuimus vt Decimas Ecclesiasticas omnis populus inferat &c. The Lawes of God for the Priestes inheritance haue commanded all people to pay Tithes to the Priests. Therefore.

17. Gregorius Mag. hom. 16. in Euang. citatur pag. 57.* 1.20 Vnde fratres charissimi, sicut offerre in Lege iubemini decimas rerum,

ita ei offerre contendite etiam decimas dicrum. Ye are comman¦ded in the Law (speaking to Christians.) Therefore.

* 1.2118. Concilium Spalense siue Spanense citatum pag. 61. Omnes primitias & decimas, tam de pecoribus, quam frugibus, diues simul & pauper, Ecclesiis suis rectè offerant;—Om∣nis rusticus & artifex quisquis de negotio iusto decimationem fa∣ciat. — Si quis autem haec omnia non decimauerit, praedo Dei est, & fur & latro, & maledicta quae intulit Dominus (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cain) non rectè diuidenti congeruntur. He is a robber, a thiefe, is cursed as Cain, that payeth not praediall and perso∣nall Tithes. Therefore.

* 1.2219 Isidorus Hispalensis, in Glossa ordinaria super Gen. 16. At verò Patriarcha magnus decimas omnes substantiae suae Mel∣chisedech sacerdoti post benedictionem dedit, sciens spiritualiter melius sacerdotium futurum in populo Gentium quam Leui∣ticum, — vnde & sacerdotes ex semine Abrahaenati, fratres suos benedicebant, quibus illi decimas, secundum Legis mandatum dabant. Eadem citat Rabanus lib. 2. cap. 16. in Genesin. Abra∣ham payed to Melchisedech, considering the Euangelicall Priesthood. Therefore.

* 1.2320. Antiochus, hom. 120. Quantum attinet ad Primi∣tias, his exoluendis modis omnibus obstringimur, ex his etiam∣num quae sunt proprio quaesita labore, ex corporis viribus, quas be∣nigne ipse suppeditat Dominus, quasque sua solius prouidentia sug∣gerit, dum nostri prouidam agat euram, iuxta Scripturae tenorem dicentis, — vbi multos subiungit Scripturae locos, Haec enim omnia propter mandatum d•• altissimo, iuxta datum ipsius & multipli∣citer retribuet tibi. In bono oculo glorifica Deum, & no immi∣nuas decimas manuum tuarum. In omni dato, hilarem fac vultum tuum, quia oblatio iusti impinguat altare,—Itaque, ceu dixi, homo omnis primitias ac decimas offerre debet Domino Deo: nec vllus est qui praetexere possit, ac tueri se velamine paupertatis; Nemo n. illa vidua pauperior vspiam inuenitur, quae duo minuta obtulit; caeteris alioqui omnibus, ampliorem retulit gratiam: Praecipuè autem Mo∣nachi offerre Deo debent primitias ac decimas, nec eas modo quae in conspicuo sunt, ac propalam videntur, hoc est, ex ijs quae alio∣rum

rum munere distribuuntur, aut ex opere manuum resiliunt com∣moda; sed & spirituales &c. Very many places of Scripture are produced, and thence for the commandement sake, wee offer Tithes to God. Therefore.

21. Exhortatio Ms. written about anno 700.* 1.24 citatur pag. 66. Ille bonus est Christianus qui ad Ecclesiam frequentius ve∣nit, & de frugibus suis non gustat, nisi prius ex ipsis Domino ali∣quid offerat, qui decimas annis singulis pauperilus reddit, qui sa∣cerdotibus honorem. Hee is a good Christian that doth it. Therefore.

22. Missa Aethiopica, tom. 4. Biblioth. SS. Patrum, cita∣tur pag. 66. Rogemus pro ijs qui obtulerunt, munera sanctae vnicae quae est super omnes Ecclesiae, sacrificium scilicet prima∣rum decimarum gratiarum actionis signum & monimen∣tum. Tithes the gifts of the holy Church the signes of our thankesgiuing. Therefore.

23. Beda, Histor. Eccles. lib. 4. cap. 29.* 1.25 De Eadberto Lindisfarnensi Episcopo. Eleemosynarum operatione insignis, ita vt iuxta Legem Mosis omnibus annis decimam non solum quadru∣pedum, verum etiam frugum omnium & pomorum; nec non & vestimentorum partem pauperibus daret. Et in Scintillis, cap. 29. Habet titulum de Decimis, Ʋbi textus Malachiae 3. Pauli ad Hebraeos 7. de Filijs Leui Sacerdotium accipientes &c. & postea, Augustini verba citat varia. Idem, cap. 36. quaest. super Exo∣dum. In decimis itaque Domino offerendis, denarius numerus perfectionem significat, quia vsque ad ipsum numerus crescit; itaque sicut in primitijs, principia voluntatum, ita in decimis consummationem nostrorum operum ad Deum referre prae∣cipitur. Eadem ipsa Isidorus cap. 36. Comment. in Exodum habet. The imitation of the Law is commended; The Pro∣phecie of Malachie produced; And the 7. of the Epistle to the Hebrewes applied: By Tithes perfection is signified, and in type it is commanded that we offer in Tithes the per∣fection of our workes. Therefore.

24. Synodus Angliae,* 1.26 anno 786 sub Legatis ab Adriano primo (ex Centuriatoribus tom. 8. cap. 9. citatur pag. 199.)

can. 17. Sicut in Lege scriptum est, Decimam partem ex om∣nibus frugibus tuis seu primitijs deferas in domum Domini Dei ••ui: Rursum per Prophetam, Adferte (inquit) omnem decimam in horreum meum, vt sit cibus in domo mea, & probate me super hoc si non aperuero vobis cataractas coeli, — Sicut ait Sapiens, Ne∣mo iustam Eleemosynam, de his quae possidet facere valet, nisi prius separauerit Domino, quod à primordio ipse sibi reddere dele∣gauit. Ac per hoc plerunque contingit, vt qui decimam non tribuit, ad decimam reuertitur; Ʋnde etiam cum obtestatione praecipimus, vt omnes studeant de omnibus quae possident, decimas dare: quia speciale Domini Dei est, & de nouem partibus sibi viuat, & E∣leemosynas tribuat; Et magis eas in abscondito facere suasimus, quia scriptum est, Cum facis Eleemosynam, noli tuba canere ante te. It is commanded by the Law: By God in the Prophet Malachie: God from the beginning hath appointed them to be giuen him. Therefore.

* 1.2725 Synodus Foroiuliensis, anno 791. citatur pag. 64. De decimis vero & primitijs — nihil melius puto dicere, quam quod scriptum est in Malachia Propheta, dicente Domino, Inferte omnem decimam — Quis non timeat vel contremiscat illam maledictionem quam minatur nolentibus offerre? It is inferred from the Prophet Malachie; the curse threatned is applied to Christians. Therefore.

* 1.2826 Capitulare Caroli Magni &c. lib. 6. cap. 29. Deci∣mas tuas ac primitias non tardabis offerre Domino, de filijs tuis primogenitis: De bobus quoque ac ouibus similiter facies.— & cap. 189. Annuntient Presbyteri plebi publicè, vt primitias omnium frugum terrae ad benedicendum afferant, & sic postea in∣de manducent; Et decimas ex omnibus fructibus, & pecoribus terrae, annis singulis ad Ecclesias reddant, & de nouem partibus quae remanserint, Eleemosynas faciant. The precept of the Law is vrged, and thereupon payment enioyned. Therefore.

* 1.2927. Aponius in Cant. in verba, Et odor vestimentorum tuorum. Vestimenta Ecclesiae eos opinor intelligi, qui in Dei om∣nipotentis honorem, decimas de iustis laboribus suis Ministris Ec∣clesiae praebent; sicut in Leuitico Dominus fieri iubet. Ex summa∣riolis

Lucae Abbatis. They that pay Tithes as God comman∣ded in Leuiticus, are the garments of the Church in the Can∣ticles. Therefore.

28 Concilium Arelatense quartum,* 1.30 sub Carolo Mag∣no, can. 9. Vt vnusquisque de proprijs laboribus Decimas & Primitias Deo offerat, sicut scriptum est. Decimas & primitias tuas non tardabis offerre Domino Deo tuo. As it is written, Let each man offer his Tithes of his labours. There∣fore.

29 Concilium Moguntinum 1. eodem anno, cap. 38.* 1.31 Admonemus & praecipimus, vt decimas Deo omnino dari non neg∣ligatur, quas Deus ipse sibi dari constituit. God hath ap∣pointed Tithes to be giuen him. Therefore.

30 Paschasius Ratbertus, in Matth. Lib. 10.* 1.32 Dixerat enim supra, quod nec vnus apex iotae praeteribità Lege, idcirco nec nunc decimationem minimarum rerum relaxat, sed vt omnia integrè compleantur; mandauerat enim iudicium verum, & iustitiam seruare, misericordiam facere, & habere fidem, propter gloriam nominis sui: Decimas autem offerre licet, & ipsae ad honorem Dei datae pertineant, tamen propter vtilitatem Sacerdotum dabantur, vt vsibus eorum deseruirent. Christ doth not remit the Tithing of the least things, because no iote of the Law must passe: To offer Tithes belongeth vnto the honour of God.* 1.33

31 Agobardus, Lib. de dispensatione &c. Rei Ecclesiasticae contra sacrilegos. pag. 266. Notum est cunctis Scripturam legen∣tibus, ab initio humani generis Sacerdotes fuisse, — sed & de∣cimas — sacerdotibus redditas. Et pag. 277. Sic nempe à Pa∣tribus intelligitur, quod dictum est; Reddite Caesari, quae sunt Caesaris, id est, tributa & vectigalia; quae autem sunt Dei, Deo, id est, decimas, primitias, caetera{que} donaria, tam vota, quam spon∣tanea, — postea, Commendat autem Deus haec facienda, vbi ait, Vae vobis Scribae & Pharisaei hypocritae, qui decimatis &c. cum illico subiungit, Haec oportuit facere, & illa non omittere. Opor∣tet igitur, & semper oportebit quod Deus oportuisse testatur, ne∣que parui peudendum suit, aut erit vnquam quod Deus vel fieri

iussit, vel factum facientis deuotione commendauit. Totus Liber dignus qui exscribatur.

Idem, in Libro contra insulsam vulgi opinionem de grandine & tonitruis pag. 155. Multi sunt qui sponte sacerdotibus deci∣mam nunquam donant; Viduis & Orphanis, caeterisque indigen∣tibus Eleemosynas non tribuunt; quae illis frequenter praedicantur, crebro leguntur, subinde ad haec exhortantur, & non acquiescant &c. They were paid from the beginning of the world, Tithes are reckoned among things that must be giuen to God, be∣cause they are his: God commanded them to bee giuen; These things ye ought to haue done &c. That therefore al∣waies shall be necessary to be done, what God saith ought to haue beene done; Neither must that bee neglected, which God either commandeth to bee done, or commendeth the deuotion of the doer: They are often preached, read, ex∣horted to be paid. Therefore.

* 1.3432 Concilium Aquense, cap. 18. Quod Melchise∣dech sacerdos Dei altissimi, typum gesserit Christi, catholica sentit Ecclesia, quod ei Abraham decimas ex omnibus dedit, ip∣sius Abrahae ingentia commendantur praeconia, Quem imitantur, qui sacerdotibus Christi ob illius amorem & honorem deci∣mas dant, & ab illius merito sequestrantur, qui Deo obla∣tas decimas auferunt. Abraham is commended for giuing Tithes: They imitate him who giue them for the honour and loue of God: and are separate from his merite who take them away. Therefore.

* 1.3533. Druthmarus, in Matth. cap. 56. Hoc oportuit facere, id est, iudicium & misericordiam, & fidem & ea quae ad hoc per∣tinent, & illa non omittere decimas accipere; Videant magistri Ecclesiarum, qui habent simile ministerium in populis, & tenent praedia Ecclesiarum, ne similes illis fiant, si tacuerint populis vitia sua. The possessions of the Church are such as Christ commandeth not to omit to be paid. Therefore.

* 1.3634. Walafridus Strabo, de Rebus Ecclesiasticis, cap. 27. Decimas Deo & sacerdotibus dandas Abraham factis, Iacob promissis insinuat, deinde Lex statuit, & omnes doctores san∣cti

commemorant. Et profectò dignum erat, vt Israelitae deci∣mas frugum & pecorum & omnium pecuniarum Domino darent. — Cum itaque Iudaicus populus praeceptum decimaerum, tantae diligentia obseruaret, vt de minimis quibuscunque olusculis — decimas darent; Cur non maiori studio plebs euangelica eandem impleat iussionem; cui & maior est numerus sacer∣dotum, & sincerior cultus sacramentorum? Ideo ergo dandae sunt decimae, vt hac deuotione Deus placatus largius praestet quae ne∣cessaria sunt — Ac vt sacerdotes & ministri Ecclesiae, cura & sollicitudine necessitatum corporalium, quibus sine, haec vita transi∣gi non potest releuati, liberiores fiant ad meditationem diuinae Le∣gis, & doctrinae administrationem, atque spiritualis seruitij vo∣luntariam expletionem &c. The fact of Abraham, the pro∣mise of Iaacob, the Law, besides all the holy Fathers are vr∣ged: Christians ought to fulfill that commandement more then the Iewes; because now more number of Priests, bet∣ter seruice, that they may better discharge their duties. There∣fore.

35 Rabanus in Num. lib. 2. cap. 23.* 1.37 Et in veteri & in nouo Testamento, ministris Altaris & seruitoribus Templi, Domini mandatum est, de oblationum largitate, & decimarum, nutrimentum habere. It is the Lords commandement, both in the old and new Testament, that the Priests should haue sustenance by Tithes. Therefore.* 1.38

36 Anastasius Abbas Graecus, in lib. contra Iudaeos. Apud Canisium tom. 3. Antiquar. Lectionum pag. 180. Ad hunc locum deuenit Paulus vt ostenderet Sacerdotij nostri excellentiam, supra vetus, Quae quidem maior excellentia, in ipsis typis rerum designata suit, siquidem Abraham — progenitor Leui, locum Laici tenuit in Melchisedech, quandoquidem decimas ei dedit, vt dare solent Laici Sacerdotibus: Et à Melchisedech benedi∣ctionem accepit, vt solent etiam Laici à Sacerdotibus. The Priest∣hood of the Gospel, more excellent then that of the Law, prooued by paying of Tithes out of the Epistle to the He∣brewes. Therefore.

37 Hincmarus Rhenensis dialog. de statu Ecclesiae pag. 653.* 1.39

Quid de vobis dicam, seculares, qui non solum Ecclesias, sed etiam ipsa altaria possidere vultis? nunquid vos qui oblationes pauperum comeditis & bibitis, ad offerendas Deo hostias, pro ipso populo ac∣cedetis? Vos horrea frumento, & cellaria ex his quae Ecclesiae sunt, vino complebitis, & sacerdotes eius fame affligetis? cur non per∣timescitis iudicium Dei? Panes propositionum non licet com••d••re, nisi mundis & purificatis sacerdotibus? & vos cum vxoribus & ancillis vestris, & quod peius est, nonnulli cum scortis decimas & oblationes fidelium marducabitis? Coram vobis ardebit candela, quae Deoest oblata, & eius altare & sacrificium sine lumine erit?— & postea. pag. 660. Lay-men in hauing Tithes breake the Law of God, must therefore feare the iudgements of God. Therefore.

* 1.4038 Rhemigius Antissiodorensis, in Malach. 3. Quod de illorum decimis diximus, de Ecclesiae populis possumus dicere, quibus praecipitur, vt non solum decimas dent, sed vt etiam sua omnia pauperibus, & Ecclesiae ministris largiantur, &c. ad sen∣sum Hieronimi. Christians are commanded to pay Tithes and more. Therefore.

* 1.4139 Concilium Metense, sub Arnulpho cap. 2. Dominus loquitur per Prophetam, dicens, Adferte omnem decimam — Ideo statu••mus, vt nemo seniorum de Ecclesia sua accipiat de de∣cimis aliquam porteonem, sed solummodo sacerdos, qui eo loci ser∣uit vbi antiquitus decimae fuerunt consecratae. The Lords com∣mandement by the Prophet Malachie, made the ground of a Canon for Tithes. Therefore.

* 1.4240 Concilium Triburiense, sub eodem. Ibi citatur Au∣gustinus vbi supra, & epistola Gelafii cap. 27. S^t. Augustine ser∣mon. 219. de tempore, is wholly to prooue it. Therefore.

* 1.4341 Concilium Ingilenhemense, cap. 9. Apud Canisium Antiquarum Lectionum. tom. 5. pag. 1060. Vt decimae quas Do∣minus praecepit in horreum suum deferri, si Ecclesiis Dei non fuerunt redditae, sed nefariâ cupiditate quae saeuior Aetnae igni∣bus ardet, à secularibus fuerunt retentae, secularia super hoc non exerceantur iudicia, nec in forensibus discutiatur causis &c. The Lord commandeth them to be brought into his barne: To

detaine them is an vngodly desire. Therefore.

42 Statuta Synodorum, Ms. being written 900.* 1.44 yeeres after Christ, citatur pag. 210. wherein for the right of Tithes, the Mosaicall commandement, and a passage in S. Augustine is brought. Therefore.

43 Leges Athelstani, made about the yeere 930.* 1.45 by the aduice and consent of the Bishops of the Land, commanding a generall paiment of all praediall Tithes, as they are cited pag. 213. Ego Athelstanus Rex, Consilio Wulfhelmes Archie∣piscopi mei, & aliorum Episcoporum meorum; Mando Praepositis meis omnibus in toto regno meo, & praecipio (in nomine Domini & Sanctorum omnium, & super amicitiam meam) vt inprimis de meo proprio reddant Deo decimas; tam in viuente captali, quam mortuis frugibus terrae; Et Episcopi mei similiter faciant de suo proprio, & Aldermanni mei, & Praepositi mei.— And after is added the example of Iaakob, with some Texts of holy Scripture, and places of S. Augustine, to shew vpon what authoritie they grounded their Law, euen vpon the Law of God.

44 Constitutiones sub Odone Archiepiscopo Cantuari∣ensi, anno 940. The tenth and last Chapter whereof,* 1.46 are onely for Tithes. Decimo Capitulo mandamus, & fideliter obse∣cramus de decimis dandis, sicut in lege scriptum est, Decimam partem ex omnibus frugibus tuis, seu primitijs deferas in domum Domini Dei tui. Ru••sum, per Prophetam, Adferte, inquit, omnem decimam — Vnde & cum obtestatione praecipimus, vt omnes studeant de omnibus quae possid••nt dare decimas, quia spe∣ciale Domini Dei est, & de nouem partibus sibi viuant, & elee∣mosynas tribuant. Citantur pag. 217. The Law is vrged for it, And the Prophet•• Malachie: It is the peculiar inheritance of the Lord God. Therefore.

45 Poenitentiale ex Burchardo, citatum pag. 124.* 1.47 Hast thou at any time neglected to pay thy Tenths to God, which God himselfe hath ordeined to be giuen him. Therefore.

46 Concilium sub Aethelredo, ann. 1010. citatum pag. 221.* 1.48 Wherin some Canons are for the iust paiment of Tithes, Ec∣clesiae antiquitùs constitutae, to the ancient Mother or Parish

Church: and Tithes are there reckoned among things due to God. Therefore.

* 1.4947 Elias Cretensis in quintam orationem Greg. Nazianz. Abrahamus decimas Melchisedecho dedit, videlicet omnium manubiarum quas secum ferebat, his scilicet Melchisedecho se∣cretis vicem ei rependit, eoque facto mortales omnes docet, vt sese gratos erga Sacerdotes exhibeant, ijsque decimas om∣nium dent, qua Deus ipse suppeditarit. Abrahams example teacheth all thankefulnesse toward the Priest, in giuing the Tithes of all. Therefore.

* 1.5048 Leges Edwardi Confessoris, citatae pag. 224. De omni annona decima garba Deo debita est, & ideo reddenda: Et si quis gregem equarum habuerit, pullum reddat decimum. Qui v∣nam vel duas habuerit, de singulis pullis, singulos denarios: simi∣liter qui vaccas plures habuerit, decimum vitulum. Qui vnam vel duas, de vitulis singulis obolos singulos. Et qui caseum fecerit, det Deo decimum; si vero non fecerit, lac decima die: similiter agnum decimum, vellus decimum, caseum decimum, butirum de∣cimum, porcellum decimum. De apibus similiter, decima com∣medi. Quin & de bosco, de prato & aquis, & molendinis, parcis, viuarijs, piscarijs, virgultis, & hortis, & negotiationibus, & omnibus rebus quas dederit Dominus; Decima pars ei red∣denda est, qui nouem partes simul cum decima largitur, — Haec enim praedicauit B. Augustinus, & concessae sunt à Rege, Baro∣nibus & populo. It is due to God, and therefore to be payed.

* 1.5149 Humbertus Cardinalis contra Graecorum calumnias; De∣nique, si vetera non proficiendo, sed deficiendo transierunt, vnde vobis Templum, Altare, —vnde Primitiae ac Decimae? po∣stremo vnde vobis dilectio Dei & proximi, ac reliqua mandata Decalogi. Tithes and First fruits continue from the Law. Therefore.

* 1.5250 Petrus Damianus Lib 1. Epist. 10. Inter omnia porrò hic mala, illud excedit, & diabolicam propemodo videtur aequare ne∣quitiem, quia praedijs in militiam prostigatis, omnique possessione terrarum, insuper etiam & decimae & plebes adduntur in benefi∣cium secularibus. Idem lib. 4. epist. 12. Sunt etiam qui plebes se∣cularibus

tradunt, ij nimirum tanto grauius delinquunt quanto & sacrilegium committere conuincantur, quia & sancta profa∣nant.— Quid est enim decimas in vsum secularium vertere, nisi mortiferum ijs virus, quo pereant exhibere? Idem, lib. 5. ep. 9. Nunquid coniugati, qui filios nutriunt, qui Deo decimas ex ipsius authoritate persoluunt? The infeodation of Tithes is deui∣lish, is sacriledge, is to profane holy things: They are payd by the authoritie of God. Therefore.* 1.53

51 Concilium apud Windesoram, ex Ms. Excestrensi, held some yeeres after the Normane conquest; whereof one Canon is, Vt Laici Decimas reddant, sicut scriptum est. It is written, is produced. Therefore.

52 Vrbanus 2.* 1.54 in Charta Monachis Cluniacensibus in Bibli∣oth. Clun. pag. 1448. Quia vero Decimae tam veteri quam noua Lege Ministris Ecclesiarum noscuntur esse concessae. Tithes granted to the Clergie, both by the old and new Te∣stament. Therefore.

53 Iuo Carnotensis, Epist. 12.* 1.55 Multa inordinata video in domo Dei, quae me torquent; maximè quod apud nos, qui altari non seruiunt, de altario viuant, à quo sacrilegio eum eos abster∣rere velim — Idem Epist. 192. Licet enim decimae & obla∣tiones principaliter Clericali debeantur militae, potest tamen Ecclesia omne quod habet, cum omnibus pauperibus habere com∣mune. Idem in Panormia, tit. de Decimis, citat Concilium Ro∣thomagense, cap. 3. Omnes Decimae terrae, siue de frugibus, siue de pomis arborum, Domini sunt, & illi sanctificantur, boues, & cues, & caprae, quae sub virga pastoris transeunt; Quicquid decimum venerit, sanctificabitur Domino. (Concilium istud ci∣tatur in Synodo prouinciali apud Westmonasterium, 1174. Et ante ab Anselmo Lucensi in Collectaneis.) It is sacrilege for those that liue not at the Altar, to enioy them: All Tithes are the Lords, and are sanctified to him in the words of the Law. Therefore.

54 Zacharias Chrysopolitanus in libro vocato,* 1.56 Vnum ex quatuor. lib. 3. cap. 126. Caesaris sunt nummi, tributa, pecunia, Dei vero sunt decimae, primitae, oblationes. Idem cap. 141. Sci∣mus

quidem Decimas offerri Deo propter Sacerdotes, qui spiritualia debent ministrare populo: sed adhuc bodie Sacerdotes, si populus Decimas non offerant, murmurant; si peccantem popu∣lum videant, non murmurant. Tithes are Gods, as Matth. 22. To him they are offered for his Priests. Therefore.

* 1.5755 Synodus sub Willihelmo Archiepiscopo, an. 1129. Decimas sicut Dei summi Dominicas, ex integro reddi praecipi∣mus. These are the Demesnes of the most hie God. Therefore.

* 1.5856 Hugo de sancto Victore, Erudit. Theol. de Sacramen∣tis, libr. 1. parte 12. capite 4. Probabile tamen est, omnino homi∣nem ad haec exercenda à principio à Deo instructum & eru∣ditum fuisse. Vnde enim homo rerum suarum decimam potius quam nonam, vel octauam, vel aliam quamque partem offeren∣dam esse scire potuisset, nisi à Deo doctus fuisset? From the beginning were men taught by God to pay Tithes. There∣fore.

Idem de Sacramentis, libr. 2. parte 9. cap. 10. Eiusmodi er∣go sunt quae sancta dicuntur, vel Sanctis sanctificata, quaecunque Ecclesia possidet in substantia terrena, siue in pecunia, siue in terra, maxime in Decimis, quae ab initio ita institutae sunt, vt nun∣quam à ministerio diuino siue illorum qui deseruiunt, & ministe∣rio diuino deputati sunt, vsu, sine peccato abalienari potuissent. Hae quidem in principio, ob formam Sacramenti, magis institutae videntur, postea autem sub Lege scripta, & sub Lege Gratiae ad sustentationem Ministrorum Dei, sunt reseruatae; Ita vt in ijs & deuotio offerentium mereretur, & accipientium necessitas consolaretur. Hae igitur nullo modo ab vsu Ecclesiae abalienari possunt, neque in possessionem laicam, siue commutatione, siue do∣natione transire. Et postea; Decimas quoquo modo vsurpar••, & retinere sine sacrilegij culpa non possunt, nisi soli ad quorum sustentationem diuina institutione ordinatae sunt. Et postea; Ex quibus si quid forte ad sustentationem eorum qui in Eccle∣siasticis officijs non deseruiant, sed tamen in secreta diuino seruitio mancipati sunt, accommodantur, indulgentia est, non debitum; ita tamen vt hoc ipsum de portione sit pauperum, non de sustenta∣tione Clericorum. Idem part. 10. cap. 5. Decimae quae ab in∣itio

institutae sunt ad eorum tantum sustentationem, qui Taber∣naculo deseruiunt. Tithes were from the beginning institu∣ted, vnder the Law of Grace reserued, ordered by Gods in∣stitution for the Clergie, and them alone. Therefore.

Idem in Annot. elucidator. in Geneseos cap. 4. Credimus De∣um docuisse Adam cultum diuinum, quo recuperaret eius beneuo∣lentiam quam amiserat per peccatum transgressionis, & ipse do∣cuit filios suos dare scilicet Decimas & primitias. God taught Adam, and hee his children, to pay Tithes. Concerning first fruites, see Athanasius in Serm. Omnia mihi tradita sunt à Patre.

57 Hugo Pontiniacensis,* 1.59 & Bernardus Claraeuallensis in Epist. ad Abbatem & Conuentum Maioris Monasterij post Iuo∣nis epistolas. pag. 545. Clericorum est Altari deseruire, & de Altario viuere,—Vos cum illis partimini beneficium, cum qui∣bus non exhibetis officium; Paulus clamat pro Clericis, immo ante ipsū Moyses; Non alligabis os boui trituranti.—Quisquis plantat vineam — Per totam circa vsurpationem Monachorum in Decimis. Tithes denied to Monkes by authority of Scrip∣ture, 1. Cor. 9. Deut. 25. 1. Tim. 5. It is the whole intent of that Epistle.

58 Petrus Comestor, Histor. Scholast. in Genesin. cap. 26.* 1.60 Speaking of the Offerings of Cain and Abel, saith: Credi∣tur Adam in spiritu docuisse filios, vt offerrent decimas Deo & primitias. The payment of Tithes taught by Adam vnder the Law of Nature. Therefore.

59 Gratianus in Decretis passim. caus. 16. q. 1. & q. 7. & q 4.* 1.61 c. placuit & alibi. Out of whom many testimonies might be excerpt, to make vp number; but thither I referre the inge∣nuous reader. Therefore:

60 Synodus Prouincialis apud Westmonast. anno. 1174.* 1.62 There out of a Synode at Rosne, (quoted before by Iuo in his Panormia) is this Canon cited and confirmed, Omnes deci∣mae terrae, siue de frugibus, siue de fructibus, Domini sunt & illi sanctificantur, sed quia multi modo inueniuntur decimas dare nolentes, statuimus.— The Law in the last of Leuiti∣cus

is the ground of the Canon in that councell. Therefore:

* 1.6361 Ioannes Sarisburiensis, de Nugis curialium. lib. 7. c. 21. citat. pag. 127. Miror vt fidelium pace loquar, quodnam sit, quod decimas et iura aliena vsurpare non erubescunt: Inquient forte re∣ligiosi sumus; plane decimas soluere religionis pars est & postea. Exemptiones derogant constitutioni diuinae. To pay Tithes is a part of religion. Exemptions from payment derogate from the Law of God. Therefore.

* 1.6462 Alexander. 3. in Epist. ad Rhemensem Episcopum. Extr. de Decimis cap. 14. & 15. Decimae non ab hominibus, sed ab ipso Deo institutae sunt. Idem ad Cantuariensem in Concil. La∣teran. parte. 4. cap. 2. Institutioni diuinae manifestius obuiant, qui decimas Ecclesiis non persoluunt. Idem epist. 19. (Edit. post Petrum Cellensem) Archiep. Vpsellensi, &c. Praetereà illud adijciendum mandamus, quatenus populum regimini & guberna∣tioni vestrae commissum, decimas Ecclesiis fideliter & deuote per∣soluere, Sicut ab ipso Domino noscitur institutum diligenter ac sollicite moneatis — Iuxta illud Malachiae Prophetae. Ibi citat Concilia, Moguntinense & Rhothomagense, quae anteà ad∣ducta sunt. Tithes instituted not by man, but by God: They that pay not, resist the ordinance of God. It is in∣stituted by the Lord: The Prophet Malachie is produced. Therefore.

* 1.6563 Fredericus Barbarossa. apud Goldast. Constitut. Imper. tom. 2. p. 50. citat. p. 474 Scimus à Deo decimas & oblationes Sacerdotibus & Leuitis primitias deputatas— We know Tithes and Oblations appointed to the Priests by God him∣selfe. The same words are referred to the Emperour Henry the 6. the sonne of Frederick, by Arnoldus Lubecensis in Supplem. chron. Sclauorum lib. 3. c. 18.

* 1.6664 Richardus Cantuariensis, siue Petrus Blesensis epist. 82. Contra priuilegium Cisterciensium, Epistola notabilis. Et quae est haec iniurios•• immunitas, vt exempti sitis à decimarum solutione, quibus obnoxiae terrae erant, antequam vestrae essent, & quae solutae sunt hactenus, non personarum obtentu, sed territorij ratione? Si in vestram possessionem terrae deuolutae sunt, quare in

hoc periclitatur alienum ius? nam ad vos terrae iuxta communem aequitatem, cum suo onere transierunt. Vt quid in alienam iniuri∣am terras & nutrimenta vestra priuilegiari facitis, vt auferatis quod alienum est? Nunquid Abel de nutrimentis suis Dominum non respexit? nunquid iustiores estis primo omnium iusto vt vos contra dei iustitiam erigatis? per Prophetam praecepit Do∣minus, Decimas inferri in horreum suum, vos ab eius horreo iu∣betis auferri; Habet iustitia diuinae legis, vt in Leuitarum sortem cedant decimae; vnde & iustitiae diuinae manifestè re∣sistit, qui ministris Ecclesiae nititur ius decimationis auferre. Sane & ex his & consimilibus satis liquet, quod si virtus obedi∣••ntiae esset, in solutione decimarum, aut reddituum, aut exhibi∣tione iuris alieni, facile detrectaretis obedientiae iugum. Mili∣tes Galliarum sibi ius decimationis vsurpant, nec vestris priuile∣gijs deferentes eas a vobis potenter extorquent. Aduorsus eos debetis insurgere, non aduersus Clericos, aut Ecclesias clericorum. Deberetis recolere vos quandoque fuisse Clericos, at{que} Sacramenta salutis, in earum Ecclesiis percepisse. Sed Christianae professionis vinculum, & deuotio filialis, affectus priuignales induit, & sub religionis praetextu, transijt in contemptum. Non ponimus os no∣strum in coelum, nec de facto summi Pontificis disputamus. Sed si Dominus Papa indulgentiâ speciali quandoque priuilegiauit vos, dum ordo vester in paupertate gaudebat, dum in vsus egentium suae lenitatis viscera liberaliter effundebat, potuit tolerari ad tem∣pus, licet in communem redundauit iniuriam, quod causa necessi∣tatis fuerat introductum. Nunc autem quando vestrae possessio∣nes multiplicatae sunt, etiam in immensum, priuilegia haec potius ambitionis quam religionis instrumenta censentur. Quicquid indulgeant priuilegia Romanae Ecclesiae, vobis expedire non credo, contra conscientiam vestram quod alienum est vsurpare. Quod si à se de illa publicum emanasset edictum, quod vbicunque inueniretis Clericos, aut alterius habitus Monachos equitantes, vo∣bis liceret eos è suis euectionibus deijcere, & equos in vsus proprios retinere. Quid interest equos rapiatis an decimas? Nisi quia decima res spiritualis est, & ideo enormius sacrilegium in deci∣mis cōmittitur quam in equis. Cum Dominus praecipiat decimas

solui, quis contra eius praeceptum potuit dispensare? Vbi diui∣na & humana iussio sibi inuicem contradicunt, obediendum est Deo, magis quam hominibus. Cum sint duae leges exterior & in∣terior, interior semper praeiudicat, quodque puritas conscientiae di∣ctat mihi, exteriori praecepto fortius est, & omnem indulgentiam alienae despensationis euacuat. Si filij Israel de mandato Domini & in retributionem longi obsequij, quod Aegyptijs impenderant, eis vasa argentea & aurea o••tulerunt; non expedit vos haec ad consequentiam trahere nisi constet Dominum haec mandasse; & vos nobis tanquam Aegyptijs longae seruitutis obs••quium impendisse. Consultius ergo & modestius agentes, date operam, vt praedictae ambitionis nota, quae ve••trae sanctitatis titulos dehonestat, abscin∣datur à vobis, nec prorebus perituris, commune in vos scandalum excitetis. Vae illis per quos scandalum venit. In restitutione rei alienae, non credatis conditionem vestram in aliquo laedi: Nam si quid vtilitatibus vestris deperit hac in parte, deuotio populorum, quae nunc erga vos plurimum turbata est, totum hoc pleniore mu∣nificentia restaurabit. Quod si pertinaces vos & inflexibiles ex∣hibitis, vinculo anathematis innodabimus vniuersos, qui aliquid vobis dederint, aut vendiderint, vnde ius decimationis ob∣ueniat; & in coelum clamabimus, & ad thronum summi iudicis appellabimus, ne quis huius vinculum excommunicationis absol∣uat: Principum etiam fauorem in hac plenissimè obtinebimus, vt gladio spirituali, manus ciuilis assistat; Et quicquid contra prin∣cipale or aculum venditum aut donatum vobis fuerit, confiscatur. Autequam ergo res in deteriorem vergat exitum, vestrae famae m••turius prouidentes, velitis assuescere solution, decimarum, illa∣rum maxime quas cum maiori omnium rancore & odio vsurpatis, & quas Clerici, siue Monachi hactenus perceperunt. Nam si de noualibus tantum, sicut beatae recordationis Hadrianus Papa constituit, decimas retinetis, nobis in eare damnum erit tolerabi∣lius, cuius emolumenta non sensimus. Verum iuxta Philosophi sen∣tentiam, Non sine dolore amittitur, quod delectabiliter & com∣mode possidetur. This I haue cited at large, as being a most notable and persuasiue Epistle, wherein to prooue directly, the diuine right of Tithes, he saith: The refusers set them∣selues

against the iustice of God; so they that endeuour to take them away. The Prophet Malachie is produced. It is the iustice of Gods Law, that Tithes should bee the Priests: To be priuiledged is ambitious, not religious: It is against conscience to retaine them. It is worse then theft: Since God hath commanded Tithes to be paid, who can dispense? It is Gods commandement wee must obey God therein. Therefore.

Vide Epist. 102. eiusdem Petri Blesensis, Where the Abbot of Reading beeing scrupulous in conscience, about retaining Tithes, brings against himselfe the words of the Psalmist; Su∣mite psalmum & date tympanum: Which words are applied by many for the right of the Clergie.

65 Helmoldus Historiae Selauorum cap. 3.* 1.67 Ea conditio à Rege (id est Carole) propositâ & ab ipsis (id est Saxonibus) sus∣cepta est, vt abiecto daemonum cultu, Christianae fidei sacramenta susciperent, essent{que} tributarij & subiugales Domini Dei, Om∣nium iumentorum suorum & fructuum culturae, scu nutriturae suae partem sacerdotibus legaliter offerentes. (Idem in ipso Caro∣li Priuilegio Krantz. Metrop. lib. 1. cap. 4.) Et cap. 92. Viri Holsati— deuoti quidem in Ecclesiarum constructione, & hospi∣talitatis gratiâ, sed decimis iuxta diuinum praeceptum legali∣ter persoluendis, rebelles existebant. Caetera multa quae citan∣tur pag. 472. To offer Tithes is to be tributarie and sub∣iects to God. They pay Tithes according to the diuine pre∣cept legally. Therefore.

66 Coelestinus 3. tit. de Decimis cap. 23. Ex transmisso.* 1.68 Fidelis homo de omnibus quae licitè potest acquirere, decimas te∣netur erogare. Euery faithfull man is bound to pay them, Therefore, because a worke of faith, commanded.

67 Synodus Eboracensis sub Huberto, anno 1194.* 1.69 Ci∣tatur pag. 229. Cum Decimae sunt tributa egentium animarum, & ex praecaepto Domini dari debeant, non est reddentis eas di∣minuere: Statuimus itaque, vt de his quae renouantur per an∣num, cum omni integritate, decimae debitae & consuetae conferan∣tur; ita vt inprimis decimae, absque vlla diminutione Ecclesiae,

dentur, post modum de nouem partibus mercedes messorum & a∣liorum seruientium pro arbitrio soluentis tribuantur. Tithes ought to be giuen, as the Lord commanded. Therefore.

* 1.7068 Synodus Westmonasterij sub eodem, anno 1200. Ci∣tatur pag. 230. Cum Deo & Sacerdotibus Dei, Decimas dandas, Abraham factis, Iacob promissis innuerat, & autho∣ritas veteris & noui Testamenti; nec non & statuta sanctorum Patrum declarent — Ibi etiam citat Concilium Rothomagense. Abrahams fact, and Iaakobs promise insinuate, and the au∣thoritie of the olde and new Testament, and the statutes of the holy Fathers declare them to bee payed. Out of the Councel of Rosne the Law in Leuiticus cited. Therefore.

* 1.7169 Stephanus Tornacensis, Epist. 171. Tangit nos haec plaga communis pater, quae tantum non inuitat, sed etiam inui∣tum trahit, vt & soluatis Decimas, & exigatis. Successores Melchisedech filios Aaron non excusant, nec Leuitarum im∣munitas portione sibi concessa gaudere permittitur, cum vniuersos fiscus absorbeat. Idem epist. 74. Credo pater, quia Cistercien∣ses sunt de numero eorum, qui violenter diripiunt coelum; sed v∣trum violenter illis terram rapere licet, nondum legi. In recei∣uing Tithes, Priestes are the successours of Melchisedech. Therefore.

* 1.7270 Ioannes de Beleth in diuinorum officiorum explicati∣one, cap. 5. In veteri Lege praeceptum est, vt ex omnibus bonis darent decimas, quod ex omnibus Deus sibi decimam voluit, quam tribui Leui in celebratione sui officij appropriauit: Sic nos vtique humiliter facere debemus. Quod si vero à Laicis iniuste possideantur, nihilo tamen minus, eas tenemur soluere. Nec sane licitum est cis conniuere, aut de his dispensare, sed illas tantisper reddere, donec Deus iniustam eorum possessionem in melius e∣mendauerit. Proinde si quis decimas retinere praesumpserit, certe ille transgressor & praeuaricator praecepti diuini iam factus est, & mortaliter peccat. Atque etiam qui hoc non fecerit, sciat se non solum decimam retinere, sed quod & nouem alias par∣tes iniuste non dubitat possidere, tantum est non reddere, quod ad Deum pertinet. Wee must pay Tithes as in the Law is

commanded, God will haue Tithes of all: There is no in∣dulgence, no dispensation in them: Hee that payeth not, is a transgressour of the Law of God; sinneth mortally: hee vniustly possesseth the rest of his estate. Tithes belong to God.

71 Innocentius 3. In serm. 3. de dedicatione Templi,* 1.73 citatur pag. 78. Grauiter ergo peccant, qui decimas & primitias non reddunt Sacerdotibus, sed eas pro voluntate sua distribuunt indi∣gentibus. Idem Extr. de Decimis, c. tua, Quae diuinâ insti∣tutione debentur. Et cap. tua nobis. Quas Deus in signum v∣niuersalis sui dominij, sibi reddi praecepit, sua esse decimas & primitias asserens. — post, Sacerdotibus ex mandato diuino de∣bentur. They sinne grieuously, that pay not Tithes to the Priests. Tithes are due by diuine institution. God hath ap∣pointed them to bee payed, in signe of his vniuersall do∣minion. Therefore.

72 Fredericus 2. Constitut. Sicularum, libr. 1. tit. 6.* 1.74 At∣tendentes quod solutio decimarum, quarum debitum ex vtri∣usque Testamenti tabulis confirmatur, tanto in Ecclesiis Dei preciosior redditur, quanto decimalis oblatio de bonis hominum, velut electum quoddam spirituale peculium à Domino repu∣tatur. The duetie of payment of Tithes is confirmed out of the Tables of both Testaments. The offering of Tithes is accounted by the Lord as a choice spirituall peculiar profit.

ANd thus out of my few bookes and small reading, haue I collected a Septuaginta duo; not interpreters, but witnesses of the diuine right of Tithes: Whereof many are full of particulars, as Councels, and Statutes, and all before the yeere MCCXV. To whom, if I should adde the whole number of Canonistes, (vntill Nauarre and Couarruuias) and the old Schoolemen, who required either this proportion, or a greater portion euen de Iure diuino: And many other late learned Diuines, both Protestants and Papists, by others pro∣duced, besides the Councels, Determinations, Ordinances of State, Bills of Parliament, both Forreine and Domesticke by himselfe related, I might paginam. non causam implere, write

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much, not more. For, aut hic testium satis est, aut nihil sa∣tis, as Varius said either this is witnesse enough or nothing is enough. Now, since these haue applied the Scripture, ex∣pounded the sence, propounded their sentences, added their reasons for the Ius diuinum of Tithes,* 1.75 what remaines but obedience? vnlesse we will be of Abelardus proud humor in S^t. Bernard, Omnes sic, Egò autem non sic, All are of one mind, but I am of another. Now neither the Schoole-tricke of exemplariter, non obligatiuè: Nor the Iesuite-tricke of Ius diuiaum for Ecclesiastic••m, I hope can preuaile with conside∣rate Readers, who shall find in these, Tithes to be praeceptae, in∣stitutae, mandatae, ordinatae, ••ssae, for the honour of God, ma∣nifestation of our thankfulnesse, sustentation of the Clergie, expectation of a temporall or eternall blessing, auoiding of the like curse, credit of the Euangelicall Priesthood in com∣parison of the Iewish, signe of Christianitie, acknowledge∣ment of subiection to God, expressing reuerence to the Scrip∣tures: And more, that d bentur, obstingimur, constricti su∣mus, requiruntur ex debito, transgressor mortaliter peccat. And this Tithing to be a principio, a primordio, naturale, taught by Adam, and many such other Phrases.

Let therefore couetousnesse yeeld to conscience, customes giue place to canons, the priuate spirit submit to continuate tradition, these dayes hearken to the former ages, and mans will be obedient to Gods word so interpreted by the ancient. And seeing they are encompassed with such a cloud of wit∣nesses,* 1.76 (to which each mans reading can adde many) De dis∣cant bene, quod didicerunt non bene; Let them vnlearne their former ill lesson:* 1.77 For quicquid indulgeant priuilegia Romanae Ecclesiae (I may say iuris Anglicani) illis expedire non credo con∣tra conscientiam, quod alienum est vsurpare. Whatsoeuer priui∣ledge either Romish superstition or Customary Law may af∣foord, yet I am certainely perswaded, that they ought not to vsurpe, what is not their owne, and those are Tithes: From payment whereof, hee that exempteth any thing increased by Gods blessing, being demanded by the Church, ouer that, denieth

Gods iurisdiction in giuing no Tribute for it, against the first commandement, hindereth Gods seruice in taking mainte∣nance from it, against the fourth, is plainely sacrilegicus in vsurping what is not his owne, against the eighth; besides the dishonouring of spirituall Fathers, against the fift;* 1.78 and so in one sinne, directly breaketh foure commandements; Let S^t. Cy∣rill of Alexandria vpon that knowne passage of the third of Malachie, make the vse of all; Discimus hinc etiam nos magni criminis loco durendum, non offerre Deo, quibus gratitudinem nostram ostendimus: & agrum quem ille victui ferendo suff••cien∣tem donauerit, ad gloriam Dei non referre. Hence we Christians also learne, that it is to be accounted a great crime not to shew our thankefulnesse to God by Oblations, and not to affoord out of that field, some part to the glory of God, which hee hath made sufficient for our maintenance. And for to answere the doctrine of M^r. Selden touching an originall of Tithes, not of duty but by Ar∣bitrarie consecrations; obserue, how almost in euery seue∣rall Countrey, some of these Authours haue maintained the diuine right before that M^r. Selden either hath or can shew such his consecrations, and many of them also the practise, informing the duty, not bounty of such payment. And thus much in lieu of Animaduersions vpon the two first Chapters both of his History and Reuiew.

Yet in the second Chapter I suppose Epiphanius and Saint Chrysostome are but rashly censured by the Authour:* 1.79 that Epi∣phantus lib. 1. haeres. 16. should not there sufficiently vnder∣stand what the Iewes did in their Tithing; whereas himselfe confesseth, that Fathers meaning not easily to bee apprehended: But why should Epiphanius so well conuersant in the Iewish Ceremonies, as to write a booke d•• veste Sacerdotali as S. Ierome testifieth in Epitaphio ad Fabiolam, and another De mensuris & ponderibus, which is extant; Nay who did write against the Heresies of their customes; be thought not to vnderstand them?* 1.80 This is to lay too great weakenesse vpon so learned a Father. That worthy Casaubon cited by the Author in this place is so farre from fastening such imputation, that he doth

most learnedly explicate his meaning in the place quoted.

As also for S^t. Chrysostome, of whose words, since by his owne acknowledgement, some probable coniecture might bee brought, as I conceiue, the censure of not sufficient vnderstan∣ding should not so easily haue passed; vnlesse hee that would abstaine from probable coniecturing, had rather be a Criticke vpon the Ancient.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Hilarius de Sy. nodis.
• * 1.2

  Aimoinus.
• * 1.3

  Cap. 4. & 39.
• * 1.4

  Floruit anno Domini 180.
• * 1.5

  Anno, 226.
• * 1.6

  Anno, 250.
• * 1.7

  Anno, 355.
• * 1.8

  Anno, 370.
• * 1.9

  Anno, 374.
• * 1.10

  Anno, 390.
• * 1.11

  Anno, 398.
• * 1.12

  Anno, 400.
• * 1.13

  Anno, 430.
• * 1.14

  Anno, 440.
• * 1.15

  Anno, 440.
• * 1.16

  Anno, 490.
• * 1.17

  Anno, 510.
• * 1.18

  Anno, 544.
• * 1.19

  Anno, 586.
• * 1.20

  Anno, 600.
• * 1.21

  Anno, 610.
• * 1.22

  Anno, 630.
• * 1.23

  Anno, 630.
• * 1.24

  Anno, 700.
• * 1.25

  Anno, 720.
• * 1.26

  Anno, 786.
• * 1.27

  Anno, 791.
• * 1.28

  Anno, 800.
• * 1.29

  Anno, 812.
• * 1.30

  Anno, 813.
• * 1.31

  Anno, 813.
• * 1.32

  Anno, 820.
• * 1.33

  Anno, 828.
• * 1.34

  Anno, 837.
• * 1.35

  Anno, 849.
• * 1.36

  Anno, 849.
• * 1.37

  Anno 849.
• * 1.38

  Anno 860.
• * 1.39

  Anno 860.
• * 1.40

  Anno 890.
• * 1.41

  Anno 890.
• * 1.42

  Anno. 895.
• * 1.43

  Anno 948.
• * 1.44

  Anno 900.
• * 1.45

  Anno 930.
• * 1.46

  Anno 940.
• * 1.47

  Anno 1000.
• * 1.48

  Anno 1010.
• * 1.49

  Anno 1020.
• * 1.50

  Anno 1050.
• * 1.51

  Anno 1050.
• * 1.52

  Anno 1060.
• * 1.53

  Anno 1070.
• * 1.54

  Anno 1085.
• * 1.55

  Anno 1088.
• * 1.56

  Anno 1101.
• * 1.57

  Anno 1129.
• * 1.58

  Anno 1130.
• * 1.59

  Anno, 1130.
• * 1.60

  Anno, 1145.
• * 1.61

  Anno, 1145.
• * 1.62

  Anno, 1174.
• * 1.63

  Anno, 1177.
• * 1.64

  Anno, 1178.
• * 1.65

  Anno. 1178.
• * 1.66

  Anno, 1178.
• * 1.67

  Anno 1180.
• * 1.68

  Anno 1191.
• * 1.69

  Anno 1194.
• * 1.70

  Anno 1200.
• * 1.71

  Anno 1200.
• * 1.72

  Anno 1200.
• * 1.73

  Anno 1200.
• * 1.74

  Anno 1212.
• * 1.75

  Epist. 190.
• * 1.76

  Vincent. Lyrin. cap. 35.
• * 1.77

  Petrus Blesens. Epist. 82.
• * 1.78

  Tho. Aquin. in Opusc. de 10. praecept. c. 18.
• * 1.79

  Pag 19.
• * 1.80

  Adu••rsus Ba¦ron. pag. 63. & 64.