Lac puerorum M. Holti anglice mylke for children

Prima Pars

THere bē. viij. partes of Speeche Now¦ne. Pronowne Verbe. Aduerbe Par¦ticiple, Coniunctyon. Preposicyō, and Interiectyon.

¶ Wherof. iiij. be declined & mouable as Nowne. Pronowne. Verbe. & Participle. And. iiij. vndeclyned & vnmouable. as Aduerbe. Coniun¦ctyon. Preposicyon. & Interiectyon

¶ Of these. iiij. partes mouable thre be declyned with case. as Nowne Pronowne. and Particyple, & Verbe only / withoute case

¶ Fyue thynges be expediēt to the declynynge of vnowne Article. Case. Gendre. Noumbre. and De∣clynson. ¶ Articles be thre. hic hec & hoc. Also thys aduerbe of callyng. O. hath y^e rome of an artycle in euery vocatyue case.

¶ Cases be. vi. Nominatyf. Genityf. datyf. Accu satyf. Vocatyf. and the Ablatyf

¶ Gendres be fyue. The masculyne. as hic poeta The feminyne. as hec Musa The neutre. as hoc tem¦plum. The comyne. as hic & hec sacerdos. All gēdres. as hic & hec & hoc felix.

¶ Noumbres be two. The singuler. and plurell.

¶ Declynson of articles folowe

Declynson of articles.

[illustration] mnemonic grammar device

The nominatyf.

• hic
• hec
• hoc
• hi
• he
• hoc

The gena¦tyf

• huius
• ho{rum}
• harū
• horū

The datyf

• huic
• his

The accu∣satyf

• hunc
• hanc
• hoc
• hos
• has
• hec

The voca¦tyf

• o
• o

The ablatyf

• abhoc
• abhac
• abhoc
• abhis

Declynsons be fyue.

The fyrst is knowen by his examples. Poeta. & musa And euermore his genityf case singuler endeth ine. And all nownes of the fyrst declynson shal be de∣clyned after one of them

¶ The secounde. by his examples. magister radi¦us. and remplum. And euermore his genityf case sin∣guler endeth in I And all nownes of the secounde de¦clynson. &c.

¶ The thyrde by his exāples. Sonitas. sacerdos. and vuln{us}. And euermore his genitif singuler endeth in Is. And all nownes of the thyrde declynson. &c.

¶ The fourth by his exāples. Visus and manus. And euermore his genitif case singuler endeth in vs. And all nownes of the fourth declynson. &c

¶ The fyfte by his examples. meridies & species. And euermore his genitif case singuler endeth in ei And all nownes of the fyfte declynson. &c.

¶ The diuisyon of nownes

¶ Of nownes. Sōme be {pro}pie. somme appellant somme substantif. somme adiectif. somme int{ur}rogatif somme demōstratif. somme redditif. & somme relatif.

¶ Declynson of substantyues

¶ A nowne substantifis declyned with one arti∣cle. as hic Poeta. or with two at the moest. as hic and hec sacerdos

¶ Examples of the fyrst declynson

Hic poeta. huius poete. huic poete. hunc poetā. o poeta. ab hoc poeta. The plurel. hi poete. ho{rum} poeta{rum} his poetis. hos poetas. o poete. ab his poetis.

Here is to be noted that in euery plurell noumbre the vocatyf shal be lyke the nominatyf. and the abla∣tyf like the datif. Alto whenne the nominatif singuler of thys declynson endeth in as or ines. thou shalt put a ways. to make y^e vocatyf. as hic thomas hic anchi∣ses. o thoma. o anchise: In al other of this declynsen the vocatyf shal be lyke the nominatif. as hic poeta. o poeta

The singuler. Hec musa. huius mu se. huic muse. hanc musam. o musa. ab hac musa The plurell he muse. harū musarum. his musis. has mu sas. o muse. ab his musis

¶ Here is to be noted that theyse. vi. Nownes in this verse makyth y^e datyf and ablatyf plurell bothe in is and in abus

Filia nata deas liberta mulabus equabus

Also the scripture useth. aīabus famulabus, dn̄ab{us} the wiche with all suche be natofvse

These nomnes of hebrewe Pascha. manna. ziza∣nia and māmona be the neutre gendre and of noo de¦clynson Though we synde in holy scripture the geni tif and datifine. more of vse thenne of rule. & lyke wi∣se adam & abraham. As for alpha & iota And general¦ly al names of lettres theive bocht y^e neutre & vndeclined. And somme lettred mēsay hoc pascha paschatis And polenta is the feminyne gendre vt Plaut{us}. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 nequam homines polentam pransitant. how beit. Quide vseth hym in the neutre gendre. as. Dulce de dit testa quod coxerat ante polenta

¶ Examples of the secounde declynson.

[illustration] mnemonic device

Nominatyf

• hic ••gr̄
• hi mgr̄i

Genityf

• hui{us} 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ho{rum} tū

datyf

• huic o
• his 〈◊〉〈◊〉

accusatyf

• hūc rū
• hos o••

vocatyf

• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉

ablatyf: singul:

• ab hoc 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Ablatyf: plural

• ab hís r••s

Here is to be noted that the datyf & the ablatyf sin¦guler of this declynson endeth al way in o

Hic radi{us}. hui{us} radij. huic radio. hūc dium. o radie. ab hoc radio. The plurel. hi radij. ho{rum} radio{rum}. his dijs &c

All nownes of this declynson that in y^e noīatis sin¦guler endeth in vs chaingeth vs ine in the vocatif as hic radr{us}. o radic. hic dn̄s. o dn̄e. &c. Excepte. iij. appel∣latiues filius. deus. and agnus filius maketh fili. de{us} and agnus be lyke the nomīatif. also agnus maketh agne. Sawe propre names of men in ius that doth a way vs and thā remayneth the vocatif. as hic virgi∣lius. o virgili. hic gregou{us}. o gregori

Else in latyn the vocatif shalbe like the noīatyf by chaunginge the article in to o. as hi•• vir. o vir

Hoc templū. hui{us} tēpli. huic tēplo. hoc tēplū. o tēplū. ab hoc tēplo. The plurel. hectēpla. ho{rum} tēplorum. &c.

Here is to be noted that all nownes of the neture gendre. of what declynson that euer they be. shal ha∣uethre cases lyke in both noumbres. the noīatyf atcu¦satif and vocatyf. as in templū. and these. iij. in y^e plu∣rel noumbre euermore ende in a. Oute take ambo & duo. the whisch be thus declyned. The plurel. Ambo ambe ambo. ambo{rum} barū bo{rum}. ambob{us} bab{us} bob{us}. ambos bas bo. ambo be bo ambob{us} babus bobus.

And so is Due declyned in euery case. In y^e thyrde. fourth and fyfte declynson. the nominatif. accusatif. & vocatif plurell shal alway be lyke. of what gendre so euer the nownes be. vt exēpla dorebunt

¶ Examples of the thyrde declynson

Hec bonitas. hui{us} tatis. huictati. hāc tatē. o tas. 〈◊〉〈◊〉

ha••te. The plurel. he bonitates. harū bonitatū. &c

Hic & hec sacerdos. hiu{us} tis. huicti. hūc & hāc te••¦odos. ab hoc & ab hac te vel••i The plurel. hi & he sacer¦dotes. ho{rum} & harū sacerdotū. his tibus. hos & has tes

Hoc vulnus. huius eris. huic ri. hoc ••us. on{us}. ab hoc ••ere. The plu. hec nera. ho{rum} nerū. his nerib{us}. &c.

Whā y^e noiatif singuler of this declynson ende thī is. & y^e genitif plurel in ium. thā may the accusatyf plu¦rel end both in es & in is. as hic ignis. horū iguiū. hos ignes & ignis. hec restis. harū restium. has restes & re∣stis. hic hec restis. ho{rum} harū testiū. hos has testes & te∣stis. hic hec oīs. ho{rum} harū oīm. hos has oēs & oīs

¶ Examples of the fourth declynson.

Hic visus. hui{us} sus. huic sui. hunc sum. osus. ab hoc su. The plu. hi visus. ho{rum} suū. his visibus. hossus. &c.

Hec man{us}. hui{us} nus. huic nuī. hāc nū. on{us} ab hac nu. The plu. he man{us}. ha{rum} nuū. his ••ib{us}. has mus. &c

Here is to be noted y^t the yse nownes folowynge make tyeir datif & ablatyf plurell in vb{us}. But al other of this declynson kepe & be fore bus. versus

Partus. port{us}. a〈…〉〈…〉. ficus. lacus. artus. & archus.

Nuercub{us} at{que} veru. trib{us}. & specus exit in vbus.

¶ Examples of the fyfte declynson

Hic meridies. hui{us} ei. huic ei. hūc em. o. es. ab hoc e. The plurel. hi meridies. ho{rum} erū. his ebus. &c

Hecspecies. hiu{us} ei. huic ei. hanc em. o es. ab hac∣cie. The plurel. he species. harūerum. his ebus. &c

In the fyrst & the laste declynson. the genityf & da∣tyf of the syrst noumbre be al way lyke. as hui{us} poete huic poete. huius meridiei. huic meridiei

Also al nownes of the fyfte declynson lacke thie cases in the plurel noumbre. that is to saye. the genityf da∣tyf & ablatyf. excepte these in these verses

Piogenies vel maneries dic materies{que}

Spes acies facies. ••••cres species{que} dies{que}

Declynson of adiectyues

¶ Of adiectyues somme be declyned wyth thre arti∣cles and one terminacyō. as hic hec hoc felix. somme wyth thre articles and two terminacyons. as hic hec turpis and hoc turpe. Somme myxte thre articles & thre terminacyons. as hic saluber. hec salubus. and hoc salubre. somme wyth thre dyuerse endynges on∣ly. & that thre wyses vs. a. um. as Bon{us} bona bonū. er. a. um. as Priger nigra nigrū. esse u••••. a. um. as Sa tur satura saturū. as the example shewyth

Hic & hec & hoc felix. huius felicis. huic felici. hunc & hāc felicem. & hoc felix. o felix. ab hoc & hac & hoc feli¦ce vel felici The plurel. hi & he felices. & hec felicia. ho{rum} & harū & ho{rum} feliciū. his felicib{us}. hos & has felites and hec felicia. o felices & o felicia. ab his felicibus

Hic & hec turpis & hoc turpe. hui{us} turpis. huic pi. hūc & hanc pem & hoc pe. o turpis & o pe. ab hoc hac & hoc turpi. The plurell. hi & he turpes & hec turpia. ho¦rum & harū & ho{rum} turpium. his turpibus. &c

Hic & hec doctior & hoc doctu{us}. huius oris. huic ori. hunc & hanc ctiorē & hoc ctius. o ctior & o ctius. ab hoc & hac & hoc ctiore vel ction. The plurel. hi & he ctiores & hec ctiora. ho{rum} & ha{rum} & ho{rum} ctio{rum}. his ctioribus. &c

Bonus a. um. boni. e. i. noe. o. nūam. um. ne a. ū ••o a. o. The plu. bonie. a. no{rum}0 arū. o{rum}. bonis. &c

Here is to be noted that al adiectyues in y^e plurell noumbre hathe one voyce for all gēdres in the datyf and the ablatyf case

Niger nigra nig{rum}. nigri nigre nigri. nigro gre ro. nigrū grā grū. niger gra grum. nigro gra gro. The plurell. nigri gre gra. nigro{rum} grarūgrorū. nigris. ni∣gros gras gra. &c.

Satur a um. saturie. i. saturo e. o. saturū am. um satur a um. saturo a. o. &c. lyke to. Nigera. um.

Al maner of adiectyues with. iij. dyuerse endyn¦ges only. be y^e first declynson & the seconde of nownes & lyke one of these.

The myxte

Hic saluber. hec salubus. & hoc salubre. huius bris. huic bri. hunc hāc biem. & hoc bre. o ber. o bris. & o bre. hoc hac hoc bri The plurell. hi & he bres. & hecb ria. ho¦rū harū horū brium. his bribus. &c. Of this sorte ben xij. as these verses shewen

Campester volucer alacer{que} pedester equester

Siluester celeber acer{que} celer{que} saluber

Tale paluster opus tale sequester habet.

The which al were somtyme declyned lyke turpis Also it is to be noted that al adiectyues lyke to turpis. or saluber. make the ablatyf synguler only in I. But All cōparatyues and adiectyues of one terminacion make bothe in E & I.

Sequitur figura terminationum instar sex candelarum

¶ Figura quin{que} declinationum

[illustration]

••

• Fax
• rex
• nix
• nox
• nux
• falx
• laux
• coniunx
• arx

••

• Dogma
• marc
• Leo
• alloc
• d••••d
• ••••imal
• mel
• vigil
• Sol
• consul
• ••itan
• nomen
• delphin
• sydon

••

• Calcar
• vomer
• g••ddir
• foror
• ••••rtur
• Cuias
• pes
• colli••
• flos
• tempus
• pracs
• Laus
• Infans
• mens
• tyryns
• mons
• aruns
• Pars
• iners
• mors
• tyburs
• P••ls
• ••rabs
• plebs
• calybs
• sobs
• vrbs
• Daps
• adeps
• inops
• s••••ps
• ••yes
• caput

1 Singularis	A	E	E	ā	A	A
Pluralis	E	a{rum}	Is	a••	E	Is
2 Singularis	Vs	I	O	um	E	O
Pluaralis	I	arū	Is	Os	I	Is
3 Singularis	••o	Is	I	Em	••••ū	E
	utī	vm		Im	••••s	v••i
Pluralis	ir̄a	ium	ib{us}	Es	r••s	ib{us}
q̄r	Vs	Vs	Vi	Vm	Vs	V
Pluralis	Vs	Vum	ibus	Vs	Vs	ibus
q̄n Singl.	Es	Ei	Ei	Em	Es	E
Pl••••	Es	Erū	Ebus	Es	Es	Ebus
	••tūs	Stūs	Dtūs	Actūs	Vtūs	Ablt••s

¶ Degrees of comparyson

All adiectyues that betoken thynges that may be made ore or lesse. may receyue comparyson as fayre more fayre: lesse fayre: most fayre: leste fayre. or else fayre. fayrer fayrest

There be thre degrees of comparison. the posytyf the comparatyf. and the superlatyf

¶ De cognitione positiui.

¶ The posytyfis grounder and fundament of the comparatyf and superlatyf. without excesse. and he is nat fourmed. as fayre foule. whyte. blacke

¶ De cognitione comparatiui.

¶ The comparatyf passeth his posytyf. With this englyssh worde more. or lesse. or elles his englyssh en∣deth in er. as more fayre. lessc fayre or fayrer. and his latyn endeth in or. or else he hath thys aduerbe mag{us}. or minus ioyned to his posytyf. as doctior. or else ma∣gis doctus velminus doctus

¶ De cognitione superlatiui

¶ The superlatyf passeth his posytyf. with this en¦glyssh worde moost. or leste. else his englyssh endeth in yst. as moost fayre. leste sfayre. or fayryst and his la¦tyn endeth in mus. ma. mum. or else he hath this ad∣uerbe maxime. or minime. ioyned to his posytyf. as doctissimus doctissima doctissimū. or else maxime do¦ctus. maxime docta. maxime doctū. minime doctus. minime docta. minime doctum

¶ Here is to be noted that all comparatyues be de¦clyned after doctior. and all superlatyues lyke bonus bona bonum

Deformatione comparatiui

The com{per}atiue is fourmed of his postif of his fyrst case that endeth in I. by puttyng to this termination or. else vs as doctus docta ctum. docti ctior vs. tenuis tenuis tenui tenuior vs. felix cis. ci. felicior vs

Oute of this rule beē excepte these fix nownes folo∣wynge y^e which make both y^e cōparatif and superlatif oute of rule. as Bon{us} melior optimus. Malus peior pessimus. Magnus maior maxim{us}. Paruus mīor minimus. & paruissim{us}. Multus plus plurimus Ne¦quā nequior nequissim{us}. Also iuuenis maketh iunior Senex senior. and lacketh the neuter in vs. and also the superlatyfdegre

Such adiectyues y^t ende in vs. & haue a vowel by¦fore vs. haue nowe no cō{per}atyf in or but alway thys worde magis. & y^e posityf shal supply y^e romme of the cō{per}atyf. as pius magis pius. {per}petuus magis {per}petu¦us. extraneus magis extraneus. In such y^e su{per}latyf foloweth y^e rule as pius p••ssun{us}. strenuusissun{us}. If thou fynde any otherwyse. it is excused by antiqu••••e

Al nownes y^t maketh their cō{per}atyf in or may make the cō{per}atyf wyth magis o•• minus. & the posityf

But such that ende in vs. wyth the vowel &c. ma•• no wyse make the cōparatyf in or.

Other {per}tes of reson make cōparison. as this verbe. detero maketh deterior for his {con}{per}atyf. & deterim{us} for his su{per}latyf Also participles goynge into nownes as amās amātior tissim{us}. These aduerb••s preposicyons in these verses with many other m•••• make y^e Cō{per}atyf & su{per}latyf indirectly. Versus

Ante. citra. prope. post. extra. supra{que} vel infra Intra. nuper. ocys. vltra{que}. pridem. penitus{que}. Pene. penes{que} din. sepe

Ante anterior caret superlatiuo

• Citra citerior citiinus
• Prope. {pro}pior. proximus
• Post. posterior. postrein{us}
• Extra. exterior. extrem{us}. etextimus
• Supra. superior. suprem{us} etsummus
• Infra. inferior. infimus
• Intra. interior. intimus
• Nuper. nuperior. nuperrimus
• Ocys ocyor ocyssimus.
• Vltra. vlterior vltimus
• Pridem. prior. primus
• Penitus. penitior peni∣tissimus
• Pene velpenes. penior. penissimus
• Diu. diutior. diutissim{us}.
• Sepe. sep••{us}. sepissime.

¶ There be also some nownes that maketh theyr cō¦paratyf in rule. and lacke theyr superlatyf. as Serus serior. Celsus. celsior

¶ De formatione superlatiuo{rum}

The su{per}latifis fourmed of his postyf of y^e first case y^t endeth in I. by puttyng to s & simus. as Doctus cta ctum. docti. doctissimus. Felix. felicis. felici. felicissim{us} Excepte is posityf ende in er. For thenne he maketh the su{per}latyf by puttyng to rim{us}. as Niger nigerrim{us} Saluber. saluberrimus. with double rr

Saue Dexter maketh alway dexti••{us}. Sinister sini stini{us} Also facitis maketh facillimus with double ll. So doth agilis make agillim{us}. gracilis gracillimus. humilis humillimus. et similis simillim{us}. wyth their compoundes Also maturus maketh maturim{us} and maturissinuis. vetus veterimus.

These. ij. superlatyf degrees. Intimus and Pro∣ximus. may sometyme be as posytyfes. and hath for ther comparatyfes. intimior and proximior. and lac∣keth their superlatyfes.

Al adiectiues incus that com of dico. facio and lo∣quor chaunge vs in entior. for the cōparatyf. & in enti¦ssimus for the superlatyf. as Magnificus centior cen tissimus. fatidicus centior centissimus. grādiloquus. quentior quentissim{us}. If thou fynde any otherwyse it is excused by antiquite. as mirificio ••••irificissim{us}.

Declynson and diuision of pronownes

Here be. xv. pronownes bysyde their cōpoundes as. Ego. tu. sui. ille. ipse. iste. hic. & is. meus. tuus. suus noster. vester. nostras & vestras. Of the which, viij. be primatyues. as Ego. tu. sui. &ce. and. vij. diri••••aty∣ues. as Meus. tuus. suus. &c

Ospronowne primatiues. Ego & tu. ben only de∣monstratiues. Sui only relatyf. The residue so ••••y∣me demonstratif. as when they shewith a thyng not spokyn of a fore Somtyme relatyues. as when they reporteth a thyng spokyn of a fore. All deriuatiues be demonstratiues. Excepte Suus that is somtyme de¦monstratyf and somtyme relatyf

Declynsou of primatiues

Nomīatiuo. Ego. genitiuo mei. datiuo mihi. accu¦satiuo me. vtō caret. abltō a me. anglice. I orme the plurel. ntō Nos. gtō nr̄m vel nr̄i. dtō nobis. accō nos vtō caret. abltō a nobis. anglice vs orwe

Here is to be noted y^t al {pro}nownes lacke the voca¦tif case. saue these. iiij. Tume{us} noster & nostras

Ntō Tu. gtō00 〈◊〉〈◊〉. d••ō tibi. accō te. vtō 〈◊〉〈◊〉. ablatio 〈◊〉〈◊〉 te. anglice thou or te. the plu. ntō vos. gtō vestrum vl vestri. datiuo vobis. accō vos. vocatiuo o vos. ab latino a vobis. anglice you orye

These genitiues Mis. tis and sis. were somtyme in vse but now we take. Meus. tuus. suus. theire de¦riuatyues and leve thaym.

Ntō caret. gtō sui. dtō sibi. accō se. vtō caret. abltō a sc. and lyke wyse in the scounde noūbre. anglice. he she hym. o•• hye. hit. y^t. then. they. or those. & this is cal∣led the pronowne of reciprocacion

Al these. iij. {pro}nownes Ego. tu. sui. with their cōpo¦sides be called of the fyrst declynson of {pro}nownes.

Ille illa illud illius illi.	In al other cases of booth noūbres lyke bonus. a. um
I••se ipsa ipsiun ipsi••••s ipst
Iste ista istud istius isti

Hic. hec. hoc vt••••i{us}. anglice. this or these. And iste ista istud. is of the same englyssh. Ille and Ipse. be en∣glysshed lyke. Sui. Is. ea. id. eius ei. & cetera. lyke bo nus. anglice lyke Sui.

Al these. v. {pro}nownes Ille. ipse. iste. hic & is. be cal¦led of the secounde declynson of pronownes

Of the same declynson be also. viij. nownes with theyr compoundes. Vnus. vllus. totus. solus. alter. alius. quis. and vter. as

Vnus. a. um. vnius vni.	In al other cases lyke. Sonus. And all these lacke the vocatyfcase.
Vllus. a. um. vllius vlli
Totus. a. um. totius toti
Solus. a. um. solius soli
Alter. a. um. alterius alteri

Alius a. ud. alius alij	Excepte. tot{us}. sol{us}. & vnus
Vter. a. um. vtrius vtri.
Neuter. a. um. neutri{us} tri

¶ Also it is to be noted y^t all nownes of this declynsō that nowe ende in ius in the genityf. & in I in y^e datyf made somtyme bothe genitif. and datyf lyke Bonus bona bonū. Also they sayd Illus Ipsus Ist{us}. Where we saye. Ille. ipse. iste vt adhucest videre apd aut••••es

¶ Declynson of deriuatiues

¶ Meus. a. um. vtō Mi. a. um. Tu{us}. a. um. Su{us}. a um. belyke Son{us}. Noster. a. um. is lyke. Niger. a. ū. Nostras & vestras. in the singuler lyke Bonitas ād in the plurel lyke Fetix.

¶ Persones be. iij. The fyrst. the secound. the thyrde. wordes of the fyrst persone be Ego & nos. with theyr obliq̄s. Of the secoūde {per}sone be Tu & vos. with their obliq̄s. & euery vocatyfe case. Al other wordes decly∣nable be of the thyrde persone

Here is to be noted that al cases be called obliques. Excepte the nominatyf singuler. & the vocatyf when ne he is lyke hym

¶ Declynson of pronownes cōpoundes.

Idem eadē idem. eiusdē. eidē. eundē. eandē idem. vtō caret. ab••cō eodē eadē eodē. The plu. ijdē. eedē. eadē. eorundē earundē eoumdē. eisdē & ijsdē. eosdē easdē ea dē. vocatiuo carʐ. ab eisdē & ijsdē. anglice. the same o•• the selfe

Ntō Isthic isthec isthoc vel isthuc. Accō Isthūc isthūc isthoc vel isthuc. Ablcō Isthoc isthac isthac isthoc. The no••a¦tif & accusatif plurel. Isthec for the neutre gendre. In

other cases he foloweth bothe Iste and hic

Quis vel qui Que vel qua. Quod vel quid. cuius cui. quem quam quod vel quid. Vocatiuo caret Quo qui. qua qui. quo qui. The plurel. Qui que. que velq̄ Quorum quarū quorum. Quis vel quibus. Quos quas que vel qua. Vocatiuo caret. A quis vel a quib{us} anglice. that whom or the whiche.

Note wete that Quis and Quid be neuyr relati¦ues. but alway interrogatyues and infinites. Also q̄ in the nominatyf singuler and in the plurel stondeth for Aliqua and is no relatif

Declynson of a Verbe.

Verbe is beclyned with coniugacyon. mode. ten¦se. noumbre. and persone

Coniugacyons be. iiij.

The fyrst coniugacyon hath this vowel. a longe before re. in the infinityf mode of the actyf voyce. as Amare. Or else alonge before the ris. in the secoūde worde declynyng of hym. as amaris

¶ Excepte Dodas. wyth his. iiij. compoundes of thys coniugacion The whiche hath a shorte. as dare Circundare. Venundare. Pessundare. Satisdare

Here is to be noted that euermore the fourth wor¦de in declynyng of a verbe is the Infinitif mode And the thyrde worde the preter {per}••ytens of the shewynge moode.

Also the actyf voyce of a verbe is called O. as a∣mo And the passyf voyce 〈◊〉〈◊〉. as amor

The secounde coniugacion.

The secounde coniugacion hath E longe byfore

re. &c. as docere. Else. &c. as doceris

¶ The thyrde coniugacyon

The thyrde coniugacyon hath E sho••e byfore y^e re. &. as legere. Else. &c. as legeris

¶ Te fourth coniugacyon

The fourth hath I longe byfore the re &c. as Audi¦re. Else &c. as Audiris

¶ Moodes of verbes

Moodes be. vij. the Shewynge. the Askynge the Syddynge. the Wysshynge. the Potentyal. the Sb¦iunctyf. and the Infinityf

¶ Tensys of verbes

Tenses be. v. the presentens. the {pre}terim{per}fitens. the preter{per}fytēs. the {pre}terplu{per}fytens. the future

Sygnes of tenses be theyse. Do. dyde. haue. had wyll. and Shall

¶ Noumbres of verbes

Noūbres of verbes be. ij. the Singuler as lego I reede. the plurel as legimus. we rede

Persones of v{er}bes be. iij. the Fyrst as lego. I rede the Secounde as legis. thou redest. tho thyrde as le¦git. he redeth

¶ Declynson of the Actyf voyce

AMo amas. Amaui. Amare. di. do. dum. a••••m. Amans Amaturus. anglice. to loue

¶ The Shewynge moode

The {pre}sentēs. Amo. I loue. or do loue. amas thou louest. ama the loueth or doeth loue. the plu. amam{us} we loue or doo loue. amat{us} ye loue or doo loue. amāt they loue or doo loue. Preterim. amabain I loued

or dyde loue. bas. bat. the plu. amabam{us}. batis. bāt.

Preter{per}fectēs amaui. I haue loued. amauisti vl amasti amauit. the plu. amauim{us}. uistis vel amastis amauerūt vel amauere. Else amarūt vel are.

Here is to be noted that the preter{per}fytens of the Shewynge mode formith all tenses after hym that ende in ram. rim. ro. by chaungynge I in to e. as of a¦maui. amauerā amauerim amauero

Also all that ende in ••em or in se. by puttynge S bytwyxt. as of amaui amauissem amauisse

Also whenne soeuer the preter{per}fytēs of this mode endeth in thys syllabe. ui. thenne may he and all ten¦ses fourmed of hym suffre sincopacion. scʐ takynge a way this syllabe. ui. or ue. in the secoūde person of bo∣the noumbres. And in the thyrde person plurell. as a¦masti amastis amarūt. Also in all tēses of the forsayd terminacions. as amauerā amaram

But the preter{per}fytens of two syllables doo nat soo as paui laui

¶ Excepte these four Sciui Noui Flaui Fleui the whiche make Scisti Nosti Flasti Flesti

The {pre}terplu. amauerā I had loued amaueras. rat. the plu. amaueram{us} amaueratis amauerant.

The future amabo I wil loue. or shal loue amabis amabit. the plu. amabin{us} amabitis amabunt

The askynge moode

Here is to be noted. that this same mode is vsed in questyons and is called the askynge moode

Also them••e he vseth his nominatif case euer after the verbe. Or else by••hyyxte the signe & the verbe as

Loue I? do I loue? loued I? dyd I loue? haue I loued? had I loued? wyll I loue? or shal I loue? He is also cal led y^e promiss yf mode. wyth dyuerse other names.

Also all these latyn wordes serue to the interroga tyf moode Versus

Num. nūquid. nonne. nūnam. nenon. anet anne

The byddynge moode

The present ama. loue thou. amet loue he. In this moode is no fyrst persone singuler. The plurel. ame∣mus amate ament

Also in this mode the nominatif case cometh after the verbe. as in the askynge mode. the pretertens la¦cketh in this mode. But we vse the preter{per}. and plu. of the subiūctyf moode for them. as it shalbe shewed in the .iij. parte in circunlocutione

The future. amato tu. loue thou here after. ama∣to ille. The plu / amemus cote. auto vel antote

These .ij. englissh singnes. lett. & myghte. & aladuer bys of lettyng. or for byddyng serue to this mode

¶ The wysshynge moode

The present vtinam amem god graunte I loue. a¦mes amet. The plurel. amem{us} ametis ament. The preterin. vtinā amarē wolde god I loued. res ret The plurel. remusretis rent.

Here is to be noted that preterin of the optatyf po¦tencial. & subiunctif of his voyce. be fourmed of the in¦finitif by puttynge to of m. as amare amarem The preter{per}. vtinam amauerim. god gran̄t I haue loued amaueris amauerit. The plurel. uerimus ritis rint. The {pre}̄terplutiuā ainauissem. wold god I had loued

The future. vtinā amauero. god graunt I shal loue

To this mode serueth al aduerbys of wysshyng or desyring. as vtinam. osi. &c. and all such englyssh sing¦nes God graūt. wolde god I pray god. god sende. gy¦ue. orlende grace

The potencyal moode

¶ The present amem. I may loue. I woulde loue I shal loue. &c. The preterin. amarem.

The preterper. amauerim

The preterplu. amauissem

The future. amauero

And this mode is vsed in al questions with the cō dicions of the askynge moode in such englyssh May I loue? wolde I loue: shulde I loue: as it shal be she∣wed playnlyer after.

¶ The subiunctyf moode

The present. quū amem. whan i loue

The preterin. quū amarem. whan i loued

The preter{per}. quū amauerim. whan i haue loued

The preterplu. quū amauissem. whan i had loued

The future. quū amauero. whan I shal

¶ The infinityf moode

The present and preterin. amare. loue or to loue.

The preter{per}. and plu. amausse. haue loued or had lo¦ued. or else to haue loued or had loued

The future lacketh in al verbes. But we take circun¦loquucion as amatu••••ire. goo to loue. vel amaturū esse. or be to loue here after

Also the infinityf mode hath neyther noumbre ne persone But generally an accusatyf case byfore hym

expressed or vnderstonde

Gerūdiues in moost comon vse be these. amandi of louynge. or to loue. amādo. in louynge. or of louy¦ge. amandū. to loue. & al gerūdiues be declyued lyke hon{us}. a. um And supynes be vndeclyned & be verbes and euermore ende in um. & in v. bi doynge a waym as amatū. to loue. or go to loue. amātu. to be loued

Here is to be noted that y^e supyne in um. cometh of the actyf. and betokeneth dede & mouyng to a pla∣ce also he is a verbe actyf. But the supyne in v. beto∣keneth suffringe wythout mouynge. and is a verbe passyf & cometh of the passyf

Sisecus inueneris. non vsum voces. sed abusum

The particyples of this verbe be. amans. anglice louynge. and amaturus. anglice to loue

¶ The verbe of beynge is thus declyned

SVmes. Fui. Esse. Essendi. essendo. essandum ens futur{us}. And an these be his englysshes am art. it. was. were and be

¶ The Shewynge moode

The {pre}sent. Sum. I am. es thou art. est he. is. the plu. sumus we be. estis ye be. sunt the be

The preterin. Eram I was. eras thou war. erat he was. the plu. eram{us} we war. eratis ye war. erāt thei war. The preter{per}. Fui I haue ben. fuisti thou hast ben. fuit he hath ben. the plu. fuim{us} fuistis fuerūt vl fuere The {pre}terplu. fuerā I had ben. fueras fuerat the plu. fueram{us}. ratis. rāt. The future ers. I shall be eris exit. the plu. erimus eritis erunt

¶ The Imperatyf moode

The {pre}sent. sis veles. be thou. sit. the plu. sim{us} sitis veleste sint The future esto tu be thou her after esto ille. the plu. simus estote simto vel suntote

The wysshynge moode

The present vtinā sim. god graūt I be. sis sit The plu. simus sitis sint. The preterin vtinā essem. wol¦de god I were. esses esset. &c.

The preter{per}. vtinā fuerim. god graūt I haue ben

The preterplu. utinā fuissem. wolo god I had ben

The future vtinā fuero. god graunt I shal be. &c

The potencyal and subiunctyf moode lyke wyse

¶ The Infirutyf moode

The present and preterin. esse be or to be

The preterper. and plu. fuisse haue ben or had ben

The future as doth the verbes that lacken their supi nes

The gerūdyues essendi of beynge. or to be. essen∣do in beynge or of beynge. essendum to be

The particyple of the present & preterin••ens beyng

The future. futurus anglice to

¶ Dedynson of the passyf voyce

AMor amaris. amat{us} sum. amari. amatu. ama¦tus. amandus. to be loued

The {pre}sent. amor I am loued. amaris vel amare. thou art loued. amatur he is loued. the plu. amamur we be loued. amamī ye be loued. amāt. thei be loued

The preterin. amabar I was loued. baris vel ba re batur. the plu. amabamur amabamini amabāt{ur}.

The preterper. in this moode and in al moodys fo∣lowyng of this voyce lacketh But we vse for hyt the

lowyng of this voyce lacketh. But we vse for hyt the particyple of the pretertens. and this verbe Sum of such tens as the verbe shulde be. in this wyse. amat{us} sum vel fui. I haue be loued. es vel fuisti. est vel fuit. The plurel. amati sumus vel fuimus. estis vel fuistis sunt fuerunt vel fuere The preterplu amatus erā vel fueram. I had be loued. eras vel fueras. erat vel fuerat. The plurel amati eramus vel fueramus era¦tis vel fueratis. erant vel fuerant.

The future amabor. I wyl be loued. or shal be loued amaberis vel amabere amabitur. The plurel ama∣bimur amabimini amabuntur

The byddyng moode or Imperatyf

The present. Amare. be thou loued. ametur. The plurel. amemur amemini amentur. The future amator tu. be thou loued her after. amator ille. The plurel. amemur amaminor amantor

The wysshynge moode or Optatyf

The present. vtinam amer. God graunt I belo∣ued. ameris vel amere ametur. The plu. amemur a memini ament{ur}. The preterin. utinā amarer wol∣de god I were loued reris vel rere ret{ur}. The plurell. re¦mur remini rentur The preterin. vtinā amat{us} sum vel fuerim. god graunte I haue be loued. sis vel fue∣ris. sit vel fuerit. The plurel. amatisim{us} vel fuerim{us}. sitis vel fueritis. sint vel fuerint. The preterplu{per}∣fectēs. vtinā amatus esse in vel fuissem. wolde god I had be loued. &c▪ The future. vtinam amatus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vel fuero. god graunt. I shall be loued. 〈◊〉〈◊〉

The potencyal mode

¶ The present. Amer. I may be loued. wolde beued or shulde be loued

The preterin. amarer. I myght be loued

The preter{per}fer. amat{us} sum vel fuerim. I myght ha¦ue be loued. haue wolde haue be loued. or shulde ha∣ue haue be loued

The preterplu. amat{us} ••ēm vel fuissem. I myght ha¦ue haue be loued wolde haue had or shulde haue had be loued

The future. amatus ero ••ffuer•• I may beloued he¦re after. wyl be loued here after. or I shal mowe be lo∣ued here after▪

¶ The subiunctyf mode

¶ The present. quū amer. whan I be loued

The pre••erin. quū amarer. whan I was loued

The preterper, quū amatus sim vel fuerim. whan i haue be loued /

The preterplu. quū amatus essem vel fuissem.

The future quū a••u atus ero vel fuero

¶ The infinityf moode

The present & preterin. amari. to be loued

The preter{per}. & plu. amatūesse vel fuisse. to haue be loued. or had be loued The futur amatumiri. to goo to be loued. vel amaturū esse or to be loued

The participle of the preter•• & plu. amatus I loued

The la••tre future. amandus. to be loued

¶ The seconde coniugacyon

Doceo ••es. Docui. Docere. Di. do. dū Doctum

Docens. Docturus. anglice. to teche.

¶ The indicatyf moode

The present. Doceo I teche. ces. cet. The plu. ••••••••{us} cetis cent. The preterin. docebā. I taught &c. The {pre}¦ter{per}. docui. I haue taught. cuisti. cuit. the plu. cuin{us}. cuistis cuerunt vel cuere. The preterplu. docuerā. I had taught &c. The future. docebo. I shal teche o•• wyl teche. The interrogatyf. vt prius

¶ The Imperatyf moode

Present Doceat. the plu. doceamus cete ceant. The future. doceto tu. to ille. the plu. amus. tote tēto vel tē¦tote

The opratyf moode

Vtinam doceam. god graunt. I teche. Vtinam do∣cerem. wolde god. i taught. Vtinam docuerim. god graunt I haue taught Vtinā docuissem. wolde god I hade taught Vtinā docuero. god graunt. i shal te∣che

¶ The Potencyal moode

Doceam. I may wolde or shulde teche

Docerem. &c

Docuissem. &c

Docuerim. &c

Docuero &c

¶ The Coniunctyf moode

Quū doceam. whenne i teche

Quū doceam. &c

Quū docuissem. &c

Quū docuerim. &c

Quū docuissem. &c

¶ The infinityf moode

Present and preterin. Docere

Preter{per}. & plu. Docuisse

Future. Doctumire vel docturum esse

The gerundyues Docendi. do. dum

The supine Doctum

The participle of the present and preterin. Doceus.

The participle of the future. Docturus

¶ The Passyf voyce

Doceor doceris. Doctus sum. Doceri. Doctu.

Doctus. Docendus.

¶ The Shewynge moode

The present Doceor. I am taught. ceris vel cere. ce∣tur. the plu. docemur. docemini docentur

The preterin. docebar

The preterper. & plu vt prius

The future. docebor

¶ The Byddynge mode

The present docere atur. the plu. doceamur. cemini. antur. The future. docetor tu. tor ille. the plurel doce¦amur doceminor docentor

¶ The wysshynge moode

Vtinam docear

Vtinam doctus sim vel fuerim

Vtinam doctus essem vel fuissem

Vtinam doctus ero vel fuero

The potencyall moode. & the Subiunctyf. vt prius.

Vtinam docerer

¶ The infinityf moode

The present and preterin. doceri the preterper. and plu. Doctum esse vel fuisse the future. Doctum iri vel docturum esse.

The supyne. Doctu. to be taught the preterper. and plu. Doctus. ytaught

¶ The thyrde coniugacyon.

¶ The She wynge moode.

LEgo legis. Legi. Legere. Legendi. legēdo. dum. Lectum. Legens. Lecturus. Anglice. to rede

Lego. I reede. gis. git. the plu. legimus gitis. gunt.

Legebam bas bat. The plu. bamus batis bant.

Legi gisti. git. The plu. gimus gitis gunt

Legeram ras rat. the plu. geramus ratis rant

Legam ges get. the plu. genius getis gent

Here is to be noted that whenne the Future of y^e shewynge moode endeth in am or mar. thē in the se∣coūde {per}sone and all persones folowynge I shal chaū ge a. in toe.

¶ The Byddyng moode

Lege gat. gamus gite gant

Legito tu g••to ille. gamus tote gunto guntote

¶ Te wysshynge mode

Legam gas gat. gamus gatis gant

Legerem res ret. remus retis rent

Legerim ris rit. gerimus ritis rint

Legissemses set. gissemus setissent

Legerorit rit. gerimus ritis rint.

¶ The potēcial moode a subiunctyf. vt prius.

¶ The Infinityf moode

Legere Legisse Lectum ire vel lecturum esse

¶ The Gerundyues

Legendi legendo legendum

¶ The supyne Lectum.

The particyples on of the {pre}sent tens & preterin as le¦gens. on other of the fyrst futur as Lecturus

¶ The passyf voyce

LEgor legeris. Lectus sum. Legi Lectu. Lect{us}. Le∣gendus. Anglice to be redde

¶ The Shewynge moode.

Legor. I am redde, legeris velle gere gitur. The plu

legimur gimini guntur.

Legebar baris. vel bare batur.

Lectus sum vel fui. es vel fuisti. &c

Lectus eram vel fueram eras vel fueras

Legar legeris vel gere getur. gemur gemini. gentur

The byddynge moode

Legere legat{ur}. the plurel. legamur legimini. legantur

Legitor tu legitor ille. legantur. legiminor leguntor

The wysshynge moode

Legar legaris velle gare legatur. &c

Legerer legereris vel legerere legeretur. &c.

Lectus sum vel fuerim

Lectus essem vel fuissem

Lectus ero vel fuero eris vel fueris erit vel fuerit.

¶ The potencyall moode & Subiunctyf vt prius

¶ The Infinityf moode

Legi. Lectū esse vel fuisse. Lectūiri vel legendum esse.

¶ The Supyne Lectu to be redde

¶ The particyples of the preter{per}. & plu. as lectus. on other of the last futur. as legendus

¶ The Fourth Conuigacyon

AUdio audis. Au••••••. audire. audiēdi. do. dum. auditum. audieris. auditurus. to here.

¶ The Shewynge moode

Audio audis audit. The plurel. audim{us}. ditis. diunt

Preterin. audiebam audiebas audiebat. &c

Preter{per}. audi••i auduisti audiuit. &c

Preterplu. audiueram audiueras audiuerat. &c

Future audiam audies audiet. &c.

¶ The Imperayf moode

Audi audiat. audiamus audite audiant

Audito tu audito ille. audiamus auditote audiunt••

¶ The optatyf moode

Audiam

Audiuerim

Audiuero

Audirem

Audiuissem

¶ The Potencyall moode. and Subiunctyf moode. vt supra ¶ The In••••uityf moode

Audire

Auditum ire vel auditurum esse

Audiuisse

¶ The Supine auditum

¶ The particyple audiens auditurus

¶ The passyf voyce.

AVdior audiris. auditus sum. audiri. auditu. au¦ditus. audiendus

¶ The Shewynge moode

Audior I am herde. audiris vel audire auditur. au¦dimur audimini audiuntur

Audiebar &c

Auditussum vel fui &c

Auditus eram vel fueram &c.

Audiar &c.

¶ The byddynge moode.

Audire audiatur. audiamur audiamini audiant{ur}

Auditor tu auditor ille. audiamur aud••••ior audiūtor

¶ The wysshynge moode

Audiar &c.

Audirer

Auditus sim vel fuerim

Auditus essem vel fuissem

Auditus ero vel fuero

¶ The potencyal and Subiūctyf moode vt prius

¶ The Infinityf moode

Audiri

Audicum esse vel fuisse

Auditum iri vel audiendum esse

¶ The supyne auditu

¶ The particyple auditus audiendus

¶ The Particyple

Al particyple hath gendie & case as hath a nowne tyme & signifycacyon as hath a verbe. Noumbre & fi¦gure as they haue bothe.

¶ There be. vij. endynge of particyples.

Ans ens. tus. fus. xus. rus. dus

¶ Ens. ans be of the presentens & preterim.

Tus. sus. xus be the preter{per}. & plu

••us and Dus be of the future

The particyples in Ens & in Ans be formed of the preterim{per}fectens of the Shewynge moode. bi chaū¦gyng bam. bar. or ran in to n & s. as amabam. Loq̄∣bar. Poteram. chaunge &c. and it wyll be Amās. Lo¦quens. Potens

Oute take Ibam & quibā. the whiche make. Iens and quiens with their compoundes

Sau•• Ambiebam the whiche foloweth the gene∣ral rule in euery poynte

¶ The particyples in tus. ius. ••us or xus be formed of the Supyne in v. by puttynge to s. as Lectu Lectus. Visu visus. 〈…〉〈…〉

¶ The participle of the fyast future is founned of the supyne in v. by puttyng to rus as lectu lecturns

¶ The particyple of y^e lattre future, is formed of y^e ge∣nityf case singuler of the {per}ticyple in ens. or in ans. by chaungynge ris in to dus. As Legentis legendus.

Alinens or in ās. be of the thyrde declynson of now¦nes ••nd lyke felix

Al other he lyke Bonus bona bonum

The gerundyife is declyned wyth thre dyuerse en¦dynges. dus da dum. lyke bonus

Here is to be noted that Iens & quiēs. chaungce into v. in al oblique cases with ther compoūdes & al¦so I into E. as Iens euntis. quiens queuntis

¶ The aduerbe

There be many sygnificacions of aduerbes

Some be of tyme. as quando? heri

Some of place as quo? domum

Of noumbre as quotiens: semel

Of ordre. as primo secoundo Of continuacyon. as

Inde deinde Of denneng. as Nō nequa{quam}

Of admittyng or puttynge of case. as Esto. Licet

Of grauntynge. as Ita sic

Of confirmynge. as Profecto quidem

Of werynge. as Polmediusfidius

Of flaterynge. as Sodes amabo

Of shemynge. as en ecce Of metyng. as aduersū obuiam Of callynge. as Heus. cho

Of ausweringe. as Heu. hou

Of exortynge. as Eya age

Of lettynge or forbyddynge. as Ne. neue

Of pryce. as Care v••••i

Of determynge or qualite. as Sene. perperam

Of quantite. as Multum satis

Of ex••••••syon. as tantum solum

Of disconfort. as Penitus. prorsus

Of intendinge. as Adeo valde

Of remittynge. as paulatim sensim

Of excesse. as Nimis nimium

Of similitude. as quasi tan{quam}

Of doubtynge. as Forsan forsitan.

Of gaderynge. as Simul. vna

Of depertynge. as se or sum secus

Of comparyson. as magis. maxime.

Of chaunce. as Foue fortuito

Of choyse. as potius. Imnio

Of hastynge. as propere. festina uter

¶ Preposicyon.

Of preposicyons se parable there ben thre sortes

¶ Te fyrst sorte

Ad Apud Ante Aduersum Cis Citra Cirtū Circa Cō∣tra Extra Erga Inter Intra Infra Iuxta Ob Pone Per Propter Prope Secūdum Post Trans Vltra. Preter Supra Circiter Vs{que} Secus. Penes. Pudie. Postridie Aduersus Subius Foras

Al these wyll haue an accusatyf after them

¶ The thyrde sorte

AAb Abs Cum Coram Clam De E Ex Pro. pre Palam Sine Abs{que} Tenus Procul

Al these wyll haue an ablatyf case afterthem

¶ The thyrde 〈◊〉〈◊〉

In Sub super & Sub••er

Al these wyll haue somtyme an accusatyf case. & somtyme an ablatyf case

Genus in the plurell noumbre may haue indiffe∣rently a genityf case or an ablatyf case.

Preposicyons inse{per}able be these. vi. An. Di Dis Re. Se. Con.

¶ A coniunctyon ¶ Of comunctyons. Some be

Copulatyues. as Et Atque

Disiunccyues. as Aut. De

Continuatyues. as Seu. Siue.

Subcontinuatyues. as Quum. Quia

Causales. as Vt Enim

Condicyonals Si Quāuis

Temporals. as Quū. Dum

Resumuynge or concludynge. as Ergo. Ideo.

Aduersacyucs. as Etsi. Tamen

Exceptyues. as Nisi. Preter{quam}.

Dimimityues. as Saltem. At

Dowbryng. as or.

Askynge. as An. Ne

Approbatyues. as Nam. Nam{que}

Explatyues. as Quidem. Autem

Of chosynge. as or

Comparison. as {quam}. Tam.

All other be reduced to some of these

¶ Interiectyon

¶ Of Interiectyons. Some be

Of ioye. as Eya. Euge.

Of cursynge. as Makum. Racha

Of mornynge. as Hoi hei.

Of wondre. as Atat. Pape

Of angre. as Ah. Hem

Of laughynge. as Haha. tehe

Of indignacyon. as Ah. au

Of soden answer. as. Ha. hem.

Of reprouynge. as Vath. phi

Of exclamacyon. as O. oho.

Of sodene spyenge. as en. Ehem

Of skorne. as hui

¶ All other be reduced to some of these