A detection of sundrie foule errours, lies, sclaunders, corruptions, and other false dealinges, touching doctrine, and other matters vttered and practized by M.Iewel, in a booke lately by him set foorth entituled, a defence of the apologie. &c. By Thomas Harding doctor of diuinitie.

Iewel. Pag. 638.

But vvhat speake vve of other Priestes, and inferiour Bishoppes? The Popes them selues, notvvithstanding al their vniuersal povver, haue sub∣mitted them selues, and made their purgations before kinges and Empe∣rours.* 1.1 Pope Liberius made his humble appearance before the Emperour Constantius. Pope Sixtus before Valentinian. Leo the thirde before Caro∣lus Magnus, Leo 4. before Levves the Emperour. Iohn 22. vvas accu∣sed of heresie, and forced to recant the same vnto Philippe the French king.

Harding.

The higher euery good man is, the more humbly he behaueth him selfe. If then the Popes hauing an vniuer∣sal power ouer Christes Churche, did submitte them selues to Princes, and Emperours, they shewed muche humilitie in their hartes, and confidence in their causes: and proue against you M. Iewel, that if this submission had not ben made voluntarily by them, nor King, nor Caesar coulde haue had authoritie, or power to haue benne iudges ouer them: as you maie see by the exam∣ple of that good Emperour Constantine, refusing to be iudge ouer Bishoppes, and saying,* 1.2 Deus vos consti∣tuit sacerdotes, & potestatem vobis dedit de nobis iudican∣di, & ideo à vobis rectè iudicamur, vos autem non potestis ab hominibus iudicari, God hath appointed you Priestes,

and geuen you power to iudge of vs, and therefore we are rightly iudged of you, but ye can not be iud∣ged of menne, that is, of laie menne, and menne (as S. Ambrose reported of Theodosius, whiche I declared be∣fore) that are vnequal in office,* 1.3 and vnlike in autho∣ritie, and right. Of suche, Bishoppes maie not be iudged.

The Pope Liberius, you saie, made his humble appea∣rance before Constantius. It is true. But appearance is not purgation M. Iewel. You promised to tel vs of Po∣pes, that submitted them selues, and made their pur∣gations before kinges and Emperours, and beginning with that good Pope, you forgette your selfe, and for making of a purgation, you tel vs of making ap∣pearance. Whereby we gather, that either you passe not what you saie, or remember not what ye pro∣mise. Liberius dealing with Constantius the Arian Emperour at that appearance, was suche, as became a Bishoppe of the Apostolike See. For in that cause he would neither be ouerborne by the authoritie of the Emperour, nor yelde vnto his wickednesse against Atha∣nasius for a longe time, muche lesse acknowledge him for his superiour, or iudge.

As for Pope Sixtus, it is certaine, that he made his purgation before the Emperour Valentinian. But he did it M. Iewel in Concilio, in a Councel of Bis∣shoppes, and not in a courte of the Prince. And he did it of humilitie to auoide the suspicion, and malice of his aduersaries, and not to geue any President to others to doo the like, nor to preiudicate the autho∣ritie

of the Apostolique See. These are his wordes in the place, that your selfe allege. Vnderstande ye,* 1.4 that I am falsely accused of one Bassus, and vniustly persecuted. Whiche the Emperour Valentinian hearing, commaunded a Synode by vertue of our authoritie to be assembled. When the Synode was assembled, I satisfying al with great exami∣nation, albeit I might otherwise haue escaped, yet auoiding suspicion, I made my purgation before them al, discharging thereby my selfe from suspicion, and from emulation and enuie, Sed non alijs, qui hoc noluerint, aut non sponte ele∣gerint, faciendi formam dans, But not geuing a presi∣dent to others to doo the like, that either shal not be willing, or wil not voluntarily choose this kinde of pur∣gation.

Lo M. Iewel, your owne authour condemneth you. Pope Sixtus made his purgation, not onely before Va∣lentinian, but, coram omnibus, before al Bishoppes, and others assembled in the Synode. And he did it not by compulsion of any superiour Authoritie, but of humi∣litie, to declare his innocencie, and not to geue any other a president to doo the like. And by this ye maie perceiue, that the Emperour had of him selfe nor autho∣ritie to cal that Councel, nor power to summone the Pope to his Iudgement Seate, nor any iurisdiction to force him to make his Purgation before his Maiestie. For al was done by the submission of the Pope. He consented to the Emperours calling of that Councel: he gaue him licence to heare his purgation, and to be iudge in that cause. And he that geueth an other authoritie and commission, is by natural reason higher: and

of greater power in that case, then he that receiueth the authoritie, and commission. Wherefore Pope Sixtus ma∣king his purgation before the Emperour Valentinian, can not be said to haue benne conuented before a laie Ma∣gistrate, as his superiour, and lawful iudge.

* 1.5Concerning Leo the thirde, and Leo the fourth, their case is like. When they made their Purgation, the one said euen in the place, that you allege: hoc faciens, non legem prascribo caeteris,* 1.6 doing this, I doo not prescribe a lawe to force other menne to doo the like. The other gaue the Emperour licence to appointe Commissioners, to heare his cause, and submitted him selfe to their iudge∣ment, and therefore we saie the Emperour was not their iudge, nor superiour by any princely authoritie, but by these Popes permission, and appointement.

As for Pope Iohn the 22. (of whose errour you make muche a doo in so many places of your bookes) I haue said sufficiently before, in the Answer to your View of your Vntruthes. Fol. 64. & sequent. Where I haue decla∣red, how falsly you belie him, and wherein he erred touching the state of the Soules of the iust after this life. And here I saie againe, that it is most false, that euer he recanted any heresie before Philippe the Frenche king. In deede the errour whiche he helde, as his priuate opi∣nion, was condemned at the sounde of trompettes in presence of that king, as Gerson writeth: but that was done, before he was Pope.

Notes

• * 1.1

  2. q. 7. Nos si. Gerson in Serm. Pa∣schali.
• * 1.2

  Sozo. lib. 1 cap. 17.
• * 1.3

  M. Ievvel failing of his pur∣pose, fal∣leth from the Popes purgatiō before Empe∣rours, to their ap∣pearance before Empe∣rours, vvhiche no man denied. Liberius appearing before Constan∣tius. T••••odorit. Eccles. Hist. lib. 2 cap. 16. Pope Si∣xtus after vvhat forte he made his purgatiō and for vvhat cause.
• * 1.4

  2. q. 4. Mādastis. Nostra authori∣tate.
• * 1.5

  Leo 3. and Leo 4.
• * 1.6

  2. q. 4. Audite. 2. q. 7. Nossi.