The English rudiments of the Latine tongue, explained by question and answer. VVhich are so formed, that a childe, omitting altogether the questions, may learn onely the answers, and bee fully instructed in the rudiments of the Latine tongue. / By William Du-Gard. For the use of Marchant-Tailor's School.

The Rudiments of the LATINE TONGUE.

Question, 1. How many parts of Speech are there?

In Speech bee Eight Parts. I. Noun, II. Pronoun, III Verb, IV. Participle, decli∣ned. V. Adverb, VI. Conjunction, VII. Preposition, VIII. Interjection, unde∣clined.

What is it to bee declined?

To bee declined is to hee varied or changed into di∣vers terminations.

What is a termination?

A termination is the ending of a word in the last letter or syllable.

What is it to bee undeclined?

To bee undeclined is not to bee varied or changed at all into divers terminations; but to remain al∣wayes the same: as, hodie▪ cras, ad, apud. &c.

Of a NOUN.

Qu 2. What is a Noun?

A Noun is the name of a thing that may bee seen, felt, heard, or under∣stood: as, manus an hand, domus an hous, bonitas goodness.

Qu. 3. How many sorts of Nouns are there?

There bee two sorts of Nouns: a Noun Sub∣stantive, and a Noun Adjective.

Qu. 4. What is a Noun Substantive?

A Noun Substantive is that standeth by himself, and requireth not another word to bee joyned with him, to shew his signification; as homo a man.

What mean you by that standeth by himself?

It standeth by himself: i. e. it is understood of it self alone, without the help of another word.

Qu. 5. What is a Noun Adjective?

A Noun Adjective is that cannot stand by it self in reason and signification; but requireth to bee joyned with another word: as bonus good, pulcher fair.

Qu. 6. How is a Noun Substantive declined?

A Noun Substantive is declined with one Ar∣ticle; as Hic magister a master: or els with two at the most; as Hic & haec parens a father, or mo∣ther.

Qu. 7. How is a Nonn Adjective declined?

A Noun Adjective is declined either with three Terminations, as bonus, bona, bonum; or els with three Articles, as Hic, haec, & hoc felix hap∣py; Hic & haec levis & hoc leve light.

Qu. 8. How many sorts of Nouns Sub∣stantives bee there?

A Noun Substantive is either Proper to the thing it betokeneth, as Edvardus is my proper name: or els is Common to more, as Homo is a common name to all men.

Qu. 9. How many things belong to a Noun?

There belong to a Noun these five things: Number, Case, Gender, Declension and Compa∣rison.

Qu. 10 How many Numbers bee there in a Noun?

IN Nouns bee two Numbers; the singular and the Plural.

Qu. 11. How know you the Singular Number?

The Singular number speaketh but of One; as Lapis a stone.

Qu: 12. How the Plural?

The Plural number speaketh of more then one; as Lapides stones.

Cases of Nouns.

Qu. 13. How many Cases bee there in Nouns?

THere bee in Nouns six Cases, singularly and plurally: the Nominative, the Genitive, the Dative, the Accusative, the Vocative, and the Ab∣lative.

How bee these Cases known one from another?

The Nominative and the Accusative are known by their Places; the rest by their Signs.

Qu. 14. How know you the Nominative Case?

The Nominative Case cometh before the Verb, and answereth to this question, Who or what: as, Magister docet, The Master teacheth.

Qu. 15. How the Genitive?

The Genitive Case is known by this token Of, and answereth to this question Whose or whereof; as Doctrina magistri, The learning of the master.

Qu. 16. How the Dative?

The Dative Case is known by this token To, and answereth to this question, To Whom, or to

What: as, Do librum magistro, I give a book to the master.

Qu. 17. How the Accusative?

The Accusative Case followeth the Verb, and answereth to this question, Whom or What; as, Amo magistrum, I love the master.

Qu. 18. How the Vocative?

The Vocative Case is known by Calling or Speaking to as, ô magister, ô master.

Qu. 19. How the Ablative?

The Ablative Case is commonly joyned with Prepositions serving to the Ablative Case; as, De magistro, Of the master: Coram magistro, Be∣fore the master.

Also In, With, Through, For, From, By and than, after the Comparative Degree, bee Signs of the Ablative Case.

What bee the Common Signs of the Cases?

The Common Sign of the

• Nominative is a or the.
• Genitive—of.
• Dative—to.
• Accusative—the
• Vocative—ô
• Ablative—from.

Articles.

Qu. 20. What is the Ʋse of Articles?

ARticles are marks or notes of the Gender, bor∣rowed of the Pronoun, and are thus de∣clined.

Singulariter	Pluraliter
Nominat hit, haec, hoc	Nominat. hi, hae, haec
Gen. hujus, hujus, hujus	Ge. horum, harū, horū
Dativ. huic, huic, huic	Dat. his, his, his
Accus. hunc, hanc, hoc	Accus. hos, has, haec
Voc. caret	Vocat. caret
Ablat. hoc, hac, hoc	Ablat. his, his, his.

Genders of Nouns.

Qu. 21. How manie Genders of Nouns bee there?

GEnders of Nouns be seven: the Masculine, the Feminine; the Neuter, the Common of two, the Common of three, the Doubtfull, and the Epicene.

Qu. 22. How know you the Masculine Gender?

The Masculine Gender is declined with this article Hic: as Hic vir, a man.

Qu. 23. How the Feminine?

The Feminine Gender is declined with this ar∣ticle Haec: as Haec mulier, a woman.

Qu. 24. How the Neuter?

The Neuter Gender is declined with this ar∣ticle Hoc: as Hoc saxum, a stone.

Qu. 25. How the Common of two?

The Common of two is declined with Hic & haec: as Hic & haec parens, a father or mother.

Qu. 26. How the Common of three?

The Common of three is declined with Hic, haec, & hoc: as Hic, haec, & hoc Felix, happie.

Qu. 27. How the Doubtfull?

The Doubtfull Gender is declined with Hic or haec: as Hic vel haec Dies, a day.

Qu. 28. How the Epicene?

The Epicene Gender is declined with one ar∣ticle; and under that one article both kindes bee signified: as Hic passer, a sparrow: Haec Aquila, an eagle, both hee and shee.

Declensions of Nouns.

Qu. 29. How many Declensions be there?

THere bee five Declensions of Nouns.

Qu. 30. How are the Five Declensions known, one from the other.

These Five Declensions are known asunder by the terminations of their Cases?

Qu. 31. How the first?

I. THe first is, when the Genitive and Dative Case singular end in ae: the Accusative in am: the Vocative like the Nominative: the Ablative in â: the Nominative plural in ae: the Genitive in arum: the Dative in is: the Accusative in as: the Vocative like the Nominative: the Ablative in is: as in example.

Singulariter

Nominativo	haec Musa	a song
Genitive	hujus Musae	of a song
Dativo	huic Musae	to a song
Accusativo	hanc Musam	the song
Vocativo	ô Musa	ô song
Ablativo	ab hac Musa	from a song.

Pluraliter

Nominativo	hae Musae	songs
Genitivo	harum Musarum	of songs
Dativo	his Musis	to songs
Accusativo	has Musas	the songs
Vocativo	ô Musae	ô songs
Ablativo	ab his Musis	from songs.

What particular observation have you in this first Declension?

Note that ••ilia an•• Nata do make the Dative and the Ablative plural in is, or in abus. Also De••, mula, equa, liberta, make the Dative and the Ablative Case plural in abus onely.

Qu. 32. How know you the second Declension?

II. THe Second is when the Genitive Case sin∣gular end's in i: the Dative in o: the Accu∣sative in um: the Vocative for the most part like the Nominative: the Ablative in o: The Nomi∣native plural in i: the Genitive in orum: the Da∣tive in is: the Accusative in os: the Vocative like the Nominative: the Ablative in is: as in example.

Singulariter

Nom.	hic magister	a master
Gen.	hujus magistri	of a master
Dat.	huic magistro	to a master
Accus	hunc magistrum	the master
Ʋocat.	ô magister	ô master
Ablat.	ab hoc magistro	from a master.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hi magistri	masters
Gen.	horum magistrorum	of masters
Dat.	his magistris	to masters
Accus	hos magistros	the masters
Voccat.	ô magistri	ô masters
Ablat.	ab his magistris	from masters.

Singulariter

Nom.	hic Dominus	a Lord
Gen.	hujus Domini	of a Lord
Dat.	huic Domino	to a Lord
Accus.	hunc Dominum	the Lord
Vocat.	ô Domine	ô Lord
Ablat.	ab hoc Domino	from a Lord.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hi Domini	Lords
Gen.	horum Dominorum	of Lords
Dat.	his Dominis	to Lords
Accus.	hos Dominos	the Lords
Vocat.	Ô Domini	ô Lords
Ablat.	ab his Dominis	from Lords.

Why do you say in the Voc. singular, the Vocative for the most part like the No∣minative?

Becaus it is no•• alwayes so: for there bee divers ex∣ceptions: as,

I. When the Nominative endeth in us, the Uocative shall end in e: as Nom. hic Dominus, Vocativo ô Domine. Except Deus, Which maketh ô Deus, and filius, that maketh ô fili.

II. When the Nominative endeth in ius, if it bee the proper name of a man, the Uocative shall end in i, as Nom. hic Georgius, Vocativo Georgi.

III. Also these Nouns following make the Uocative in ••, or in ns; as, agnus, lucus, vulgus, populus, chorus, fluvius.

N. B. Note also that all Nouns of the Neuter Gender, of what Declension soever they bee, have the Nominative, the Accusative, and the Uocative alike in both Numbers; and in the plural number they end all in a; as in example.

Singulariter

Nom.	hoc regnum	a kingdom
Gen.	hujus regni	of a kingdom
Dativ.	huic regno 〈…〉〈…〉	to a kingdom
Accus.	hoc regnum	the kingdom
Vocat.	ô regnum	ô kingdom
Ablat.	ab hoc regno.	from a kingdom

Pluraliter

Nom.	haec regna	kingdoms
Genit.	horum regnorum	of kingdoms
Dat.	his regnis	to kingdoms
Accus.	haec regna	the kingdoms
Voccat.	ô Regna	ô kingdoms
Abl.	ab his regnis	from kingdoms.

Ambo and duo make the neuter gender in o; and bee thus declined:

Pluraliter

Nom.	Ambo, ambae, ambo, both.
Gen.	amborum, ambarum, amborum
Dativ.	ambobus, ambabus, ambobus
Accus.	ambos, ambas, ambo
Vocat.	ambo, ambae, ambo
Ablat.	ambobus, ambabus, ambobus. Likewise Duo.

Qu. 33. How know you the third De∣clension?

III. The third is, when the Genitive Case singu∣lar endeth in is, the Dative in i, the Ac∣cu••ative in em, and somtime in im, and somtime in both: the Uocative like the Nominative: the Ab∣lative in e, somtime in i, and somtime both e and i: the Nominative Case plural in es: the Genitive in um, and somtime in ium, the Dative in bus, the Accusative in es: the Uocative like the Nominative: the Ablative in bus: as in ex∣ample.

Singulariter

Nom.	hic lapis	a stone
Gen.	hujus lapidis	of a stone
Dat.	huic lapidi	to a stone
Accus.	hunc lapidem	the stone
Voccat.	ô lapis	ô stone
Ablat.	ab hoc lapide	from a stone.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hi lapides	stones
Gen.	horum lapidum	of stones
Dativ.	his lapidibus	to stones
Accus.	hos lapides	the stones
Vocat.	ô lapides	of stones.
Ablat.	ab his lapidibus	from stones.

Singulariter

Nom.	hic & haec parens	a father or mother
Gen.	hujus parentis
Dat.	huic parenti
Accus.	hunc & hanc parentem
Vocat.	ô parens
Ablat.	ab hoc & hac parente.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hi & hae parentes
Gen.	horum & harum parentum
Dat.	his parentibus
Accus.	hos & has parentes
Vocat.	ô parentes
Ablat.	parentibus.

Qu. 34. How know you the fourth Declension?

IV. THe fourth is, when the Genitive Case singu∣lar endeth in ûs: the Dative in ••ï: the Ac∣cnsative in um: the Uocative like the Nomina∣tive: the Ablative in u: The Nominative plural in us: the Genitive in num: the Dative ibus: the Accusative in us: the Uocative like the Nomina∣tive: the Ablative in ibus: as in example.

Singulariter

Nom.	haec manus	an hand
Gen.	hujus manûs	of an hand
Dat.	huic manui	to an hand
Accus.	hanc manum	the hand
Vocat.	ô manus	ô hand
Ablat.	ab hac manu	from an hand.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hae manus	hands.
Geu.	harum manuum	of hands
Dat.	his manibus	to hands
Accus.	has manus	the hands
Vocat.	ô manus	ô hands
Ablat.	ab his manibus	from hands.

Qu. 35. how know you the fift Declension?

V. THe fift is. when the Genitive and the Dative Case singular end in ••i: the Accusative in em: the Vocative like the Nominative: the Ab∣lative in ••: The Nominative plural in es: the Genitive in erum: the Dative in ebus: the Ac∣cusative in es: the Uocative like the Nominative: the Ablative in ebns: as in example.

Singulariter

Nom.	haec facies	a face
Gen.	hujus faciei	of a face
Dat.	huic faciei	to a face
Accus.	hanc faciem	the face
Vocat.	ô facies	ô face.
Ablat	ab hac facie	from a face.

Pluraliter

Nom.	hae facies	faces
Gen.	harum facierum	of faces
Dat.	his faciebus	to faces
Accus.	has facies	the faces
Vocat.	ô facies	ô faces
Ablat.	ab his faciebus	from faces.

N. B. Note that all nouns of the fift declension bee of the feminine Gender, except me▪ ridies and dies.

Qu. How end's the Genitive Case sin∣gular in each Declension?

The Genitive Case singular of the

1. in ae	as Musae
2. in i	as Magistri.
3. in is	as Lapidis.
4. in ûs	as Manûs.
5. in ei	as Faciei.

The Dative case singular of the

1. in ae	as Musae.
2. in o	as Magistro.
3. in i	as Lapidi.
4. in ui	as Manui.
5. in ei	as Faciei.

The Accusative case singular of the

1. in am	as Musam.
2. in um	as Magistrum.
3. in em	as Lapidem.
4. in um	as Manum.
5. in em	as Faciem.

The Uocative like the nominative, singularly and plurally, in all declensions; save in the second singular; where it is for the most part like the nominative.

The Ablative singular of the

1. in â	as Mus••.
2. in o	as Magistro.
3. in e	as Lapide.
4. in u	as Manu.
5. in e	as Facie.

The Nom. plural of the

1. in ae	as Musae.
2. in i	as Magistri.
3. in es	as Lapides.
4. in us	as Manus.
5. in es	as Facies.

The Genitive plural of the

1. in arum	as Musarum.
2. in orum	as Magistrorum.
3. in um or ium	as Lapidum, tristium.
4. in uum	as Manuum.
5. in erum	as Facierum.

The Dative plural of the

1. in is.	as Musis.
2. in is.	as Magistris.
3. in bus	as Lapidibus.
4. in ibus	as Manibus.
5. in ebus.	as Faciebus.

The Accusative plural of the

1. in as	as Musas.
2. in os	as Magistros.
3. in es	as Lapides.
4. in us	as Manus.
5. in es	as Facies.

The Uocative Plural is alwayes like the No∣minative.

The Ablative Plural is ever the same with the Dative.

The Declineing of Adjectives.

Qu. 36. How is a Noun Adjective of three terminations declined?

A Noun Adjective of three terminations is thus declined.

Singulariter	Pluraliter
Nom. bonus, bona bonum.	N. boni, bonae, bona,
Gen. boni, bonae, boni.	G. bonorum, bonarum, bonorū
Dat. bono, bonae, bono.	D. bonis, bonis, bonis.
Acc. bonum, bonam, bonum.	A. bonos, bonas, bona.
Voc. bone, bona, bonum.	V. boni, bonae, bona.
Abl. bono, bonâ, bono.	A. bonis, bonis, bonis.

N. B. Eight Adjectives viz. unus, totus, solus, ullus, alius, alter, uter, and neuter make the Gen. sing. in ius, and the Dative in i: as unus, una, unum. Gen unius. Dat. uni: in other places like bonus. But alius, alter, uter, and neuter lack the Uo∣cative case: and alius make's aliud in the neuter Gender, not alium.

Qu. 37. How is a Noun Adjective of three Articles declined?

A Noun Adjective of three Articles is thus declined; after the third decleusion.

Sing.	Plur.
N. hic, haec, & hoc, felix happy.	N. hi & hae felices & haec felicia.
G. hujus felicis.	G horum, harum, •• horum feliciū.
D. huic felici.	D. his felicibus.
A. hunc & hanc felicem, & hoc felix.	Ac. hos & has felices, & haec felicia.
V. •• felix.	V. •• felices▪ & •• felicia.
A. ab h••c, hac, & hoc felice vel felici.	A. ab his felicibus.

Sing.	Plur.
N. hic & haec tristis, & hoc triste. sorrowfull.	N. hi & hae tristes, & haec tristia.
G hujus tristis.	G horum harum & horum uistium.
D. huic tristi.	D. his tristibus.
A. hunc & h••nc tristem, & hoc triste.	Ac. hos & has tristes, & haec tristia.
V. ô tristis, & ô triste.	V. ô tristes & ô tristia.
A. ab hôc hâc & hoc tri∣sti.	A. ab his tristibus.

Comparisons of Nouns Adjectives.

Qu. 38. What is Comparison?

COmparison is the altering the signification of a word into more or less by degrees.

Qu. 39. What sorts of Nouns are compared?

Adjectives, whose signification may increas or bee diminished, may form comparison.

What is it, to have the signification increased or diminished?

To have the signification increased or diminished, is to bee made more or less: as hard, harder, hardest: so back again; hardest, harder, hard.

Qu. 4. How many degrees of Com∣parison are there?

There bee three degrees of Comparison: the Positive, the Comparative, and the Super∣lative.

Qu. 41. How know you the Positive?

The Positive betokeneth a thing absolutely without excess, as durus hard.

Qu. 42. How know you the Comparative?

The Comparative somwhat exc••edeth his Posi∣tive in signification: as durior, harder, or more hard.

Qu. 43. Whence is the Comparative degree formed?

The Comparative is formed of the first case of his Positive that endeth in i, by putting thereto or in the masculine and Feminine Gender, and us in the neuter: as, of duri, hic & haec durior & hoc durius: of tristi, hic & haec tristior, & hoc tristius.

Qu. 44. How know you the Superlative?

The Superlative exceedeth his positive in the highest degree, as durissimus hardest.

Qu. 45. Whence is the Superlative formed?

The Superlative is formed of the first case of his positive that endeth in i, by putting to •• and si∣mus; as of duri, durissimus; of tristi, tristissimus.

Qu. 46. How bee Nouns Adjectives of the Comparative degree declined?

Nouns Adjectives of the Comparative degree are declined like durior harder, thus.

Sing.	Plur.
N. hic & haec durior & hoc durius.	N. hi & hae duriores & haec duriora.
G. hujus durioris.	G. horum harum & horum duriorum.
D. huic duriori.	D. his durioribus.
Ac. hunc & hanc duriorem & hoc durius.	Ac. hos & has duriores & haec duriora.
V. ô durior & ô durius.	V. ô duriores & ô duriora.
A. ab hôc hac & hoc duriore vel duriori.	A. ab his durioribus.

Qu. 47. What exceptions are there from these general rules?

From these general rules are excepted these that follow.

I. Bonus, m••lior, optimus. Malus, pejor, p••ssimus. Magnus, major, maximus. Parvus, minor, mi∣nimus. Multus plurimus, multa plurima, mul∣tum, plus, plurimum.

II. If the positive end in er, the Superlative is formed of the nominative Case, by putting to rimus; as pulcher pulcherrimus.

III. These nouns ending in lis make the Su∣perlative by changing lis into limus: as hu∣milis humillimus: similis simillimus: facilis facillimus: gracilis gracillimus: agilis agilli∣mus: docilis docillimus. All other nouns end∣ing in lis follow the general rule aforegoing.

IV. If a vowel com before us, it is compared by magis and maximè: as pius, mag••s-pius, ma∣ximè-pius. Assiduus, magis assiduus. maxi∣mè-assiduus.

Of a Pronoun.

Qu. 48. What is a Pronoun?

A Pronoun is a part of speech, much lik•• to a Noun, which is used in shewing or re∣hersing.

Why is it called a Pronoun?

It is called a Pronoun, becaus it is put for a Noun; and doth supply the place of a Noun.

How are Pronouns used?

Pronouns are used two waies: either in shewing or rehersing.

Qu 49. How many Pronouns bee there:

There bee ••fte••n Pronouns: Ego, tu, suî, ille, ipse, iste, hic, is, meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester, nostras, vestras.

Qu. 50 How many have the Vocative case?

Four of these have the Vocative case; as tu, me∣us, noster, and nostras: all the rest lack it: also su•• want's the Nominative case.

Qu. 51. What are added to the Pronouns?

To these may bee added their compounds: Ego∣met, tu••e, idem, and also qui, quae, quod.

Qu. 52. How many Pronoun-Substan∣tives bee there?

Ego, tu, su•• are Pronoun-Substantives: all the rest are Adjectives.

Qu. 53. How many Pronoun▪ Primitives bee there?

These eight Pronouns, Ego, tu, sui, ille, ipse, is••e, hie, and is, bee Primitives.

Qu. 54. Why are they called Primitives?

Becaus they are first words, and not derived of others.

Qu. 55. What are they called besides?

They bee also called Demonstratives; becaus they shew a thing not spoken of before▪

Qu. 56. How many Relatives are there?

These six, hic, ille, iste, is, idem, and qui bee Re∣latives.

Qu. 57. Why are they called Relatives?

becaus they rehers a thing that was spoken of be∣fore.

Qu. 58. How many Pronoun▪ Derivatives are there?

These seven, Meus, tuns, suus, noster, vester, nostras, vestras bee Derivatives.

Qu. 59. Why bee they called Derivatives?

Becaus they bee derived of their Primitives mei, tui, sui, nostri, and vestri.

Qu. 60. How many things belong to a Pronoun?

There belong to a Pronoun these five things: Number, Case, Gender, as are in a Noun; De∣clension and Person, as here followeth.

The Declensions of Pronouns.

Qu. 61. How many Declensions are three of Pronouns?

There bee four Declensions of Pronouns.

Qu. 62. How will you know what Declen∣sion a Pronoun is of?

The Declensions of Pronouns are known by the termination of the Genitive Case singular, as in Nouns: as, the Genitive of the

I. in i, as meî, tuî, suî.

II. in ius or jus, as istius, ejus, cujus.

III. in i. ae, and i, as mei, me••, mei.

IV. in âtis, us nostras nostrâtis.

Qu. 63. How many Pronouns bee of of the first Declension?

These three Ego, tu, su••, bee of the first Declen∣sion, and bee thus declined.

Singu∣lariter	Plura∣liter
Nom. Ego	Nom. no••
Gen. meî	Gen. nostrûm vel nostrî
Dat. mihi	Dat. nobis
Acc. me	Acc. nos
Voc. care••	Voc. caret
Abl. à me.	Abl. à nobis.

Singu∣lariter	Plura∣liter
Nom. Tu	Nom. vos
Gen. tuî	Gen. vestrûm vel vestri
Dat. ••ibi	Dat. vobis
Acc. te	Acc. vos
Voc. ô tu	Voc. ô vos
Abl. à te	Abl. à vobis.

Singulariter and Pluraliter

Nominativo	care••
Genitivo	suî
Dativo	sibi
Accusativo	se
Vocativo	caret
Ablativ••	à se.

Qu. 64. How many Pronouns bee of the second Declension?

These six, Ille, ipse, is••e, hic, is, and qui bee of the second Declension, and bee thus de∣clined.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom. iste, ista istud	No isti, istae, ista
Gen. istius	Ge. istorum, istarum, istorum
Dat. isti	Dat. istis
Accus istum, istam, istud	Acc. istos, ist••s, ista.
Voc. caret	Voc. caret
Ablat. isto, istâ, isto.	Abl. istis.

N. B. Ille is declined like iste, and also ipse: sav∣ing that ipse maketh ipsum in the neuter Gender, not ipsud.

Qu. 65. How is hic declined?

Nom▪ hic, haec▪ hoc▪ Gen. hujus: Dat. huic: as afore in the Noun.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom. is, ea, id	Nom. ii, eae, ea
Gen. ejus	Gen. eorum, earum, eorum
Dat. ei	Dat. iis, vel eis
Acc. eum, eam, id	Accus eos, eas, ea.
Vocat. caret	Voc. caret.
Ablat. eo, eâ. eo.	Abl. iis vel eis.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom. qui, quae, quod	N. qui, quae, quae
Gen. cujus	G. quorum, quarum, quorum
Dativ. cui	D. quibus vel queis
Accus. quem, quam, quod	Ac. quos, quas, qu••
Vocat caret	Voc. caret
Ablat. quo, quâ, quo	Abl. quibus vel queis.

So is Quis declined, whether it bee Interroga∣tive, or Indefinite.

Singulariter

• ...Nom. quis, quae, quid.
• Gen. cujus. &c.

But the Compound of Quisquis is thus de∣clined.

Singulariter

• ...Nom. quisquis, quicquid
• ...Accus. quicquid
• ...Abl. quoquo, quaquâ, quoquo.

Qu. 66. How many Pronouns bee of the third Declension?

These ••••ve, meus, tuus, suus, noster, and vester, are of the third Declension; and are declined like nouns Adjectives of three terminations, in this wife,

Sing.	Plural.
Nom. meus, mea, meum	N. mei, meae, mea
Genit. mei, meae, mei	Gen. meorum, mearum, me∣orum
Dat. meo, meae, meo	Dat. meis
Acc. meum, meam, meum	Acc. meos, meas, me••
Vocat. mi, mea, meum	Voc. mei, meae, ••e••
Ablat. meo, me••, meo.	Abl. meis.

So is noster declined, and tuus, suus, vester: saving that these three last do lack the Vocative Case.

Qu. 67. How many Pronouns bee of the fourth Declension?

Nostras, Vestras, bee of the fourth Declension, and bee thus declined.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom. hic & haec nostras, & hoc nostrate	N. hi & hae nostrates, & haec nostratia
Gen. hujus nostratis	G. horum & harum nostra∣tium
Dat. huic nostrati	D. his nostratibus
Acc. hunc & hanc nostra∣tem, & hoc nostrate	A hos & has nostrates, & haec nostratia
Voc. ô nostras, & ô nostrate	V. •• nostrates, & •• nostratia
Abl. ab hoc, hac, & hoc no∣strate vel nostrati	A. ab his nostratibus.

Cujas is here to bee referred for the like manner of declining. So Arpinas, Ravennas, Londinas, &c. which bee called Gentiles, becaus they properly de∣token pertaining to countries or nations, to sects, or factions.

Qu. 68. How many Persons bee there in a Pronoun?

A Pronoun hath three Persons.

Qu. 69. How know you the first person?

The first person speaketh of himself: as Ego, I, Nos, Wee.

Qu. 70. How the second?

The second person is spoken to: as Tu, Thou: Vos, Yee: and of this person is every Vocative Case.

Qu. 71. How the third?

The third person is spoken of, as, Ille, Hee; Illi, They: and therefore all Nouns, Pronouns, and Participles bee of the third person: viz. becaus they are spoken of.

Of a VERB.

Qu. 72. What is a Verb?

A Verb is a part of speech, declined with mood and tens, and betokeneth to do: as amo I love: or to suffer, as amor I am loved: or to bee, as sum I am.

What is the difference between a Noun and a Verb?

A Noun signifie's the Name of a thing: A Verb signi∣fieth the manner of Doing, Suffering, or Beeing of a thing.

Qu. 73. How many sorts of Verbs bee there?

There bee two sorts of Verbs: Personal▪ which is declined with divers persons, or terminations; as a∣mo, amas, amat: and Impersonal, not ••aried by divers persons, but formed in the third person singular onely: as Taedet it irketh: Opor••et it behooveth.

Q••. 74. How many kindes of Verbs Personals bee there?

Of Verbs Personals there bee five kindes: Active, Passive, Neuter, D••ponent, and Com∣mune.

How do these differ one from another?

These differ three wayes: 1. In Termination. 2. In Signification. 3. In Declining or Forming.

Qu. 75. How know you a Verb Active?

A Verb Active endeth in o: and signifie's to do: as Amo, I love.

Qu. 76. How a Verb Passive?

A Verb Passive endeth in or: and signifie's to suffer: as Amor, I am loved.

Qu. 77. How a Verb Neuter?

A Verb Neuter endeth in m, and signifie's to bee; as sum, I am: or in o, and signifie's som∣time to do, as Curro, I run: and somtime to suf∣fer, as Aegroto, I am sick.

Qu. 78. How a Verb Deponent?

A Verb Deponent endeth in o••, like a Passive: and yet in signification is but either like an Active; as Loquor verbum, I speak a word: or like a Neu∣ter signifying actively; as glorior, I boast.

Qu. 79. How a Verb Commune?

A Verb Commune endeth in r; and yet in signi∣fication is both Active and P••ssive; as Osculor ••e, I ••iss thee: Osculor à te, I am kissed of thee.

MOODS.

Qu. 80. How many Moods are there?

THere bee six Moods: the Indicative, the Imperative, the Optative, the Potential, the Subjunctive, the In∣finitive.

Qu. 81. How know you the Indicative Mood?

The Indicative Mood sheweth a reason, true or fals; as Ego amo, I ••ove: or els asketh a questi∣ou; as Amas tu? Dost thou love?

Qu. 82. How the Imperative?

The Imperative biddeth or commandeth: as Ama, Love thou.

Qu. 83. How the Optative?

The Optative wisheth or destreth: with these signs, would God, I pray God, or God grant: and hath evermore an Adverb of wishing joyned with him: as Utinam amem I pray God I love.

Qu. 84. How the Potential?

The Potential Mood is known by these signs▪ may, can, might, could, would, should, or ought: as Amen, I may or can love: without an Adverb joyned with him.

Qu. 85. How the Subjunctive?

The Subjunctive Mood hath evermore som conjunction joyned with him: as Cùm amarem, when I loved.

Why is it called the Subjunctive Mood?

It is called the Subjunctive Mood; becaus it de∣pendeth of another Verb, either going before, or coming after: as cùm amarem, eram miler: when I loved, I was a wretch.

How do the Optative, Potential, and Sub∣junctive Moods differ?

The Optative, Potential, and Subjunctive Moods are the same in termination: but they differ in sig∣nification, and ••ign of the Mood.

Qu 86 How know you the Infinitive Mood?

The Infinitive signifie's to do, or to suffer, or to bee: & hath neither Number nor Person, nor No∣minative Case before him.

By what sign is it known?

It is commonly known by this sign To; as amar••▪ To love▪

When two Verbs com together, what Mood must the later bee?

When two Verbs com together without any Noun between them, then the later shall bee the I••finitive Mood: as cupio discere, I de∣••ire to learn.

Gerunds.

Qu. 87. What are there peculiarly belonging to the Infinitive Mood?

THere belong to the Infinitive mood Gerunds and Supines.

Why do they belong to the Infinitive Mood?

Becaus their signification is Infinite; like to the signi∣fication of the Infinitive Mood, not making any difference of Number o•• Person.

Qu. 88. How many Gerunds are there?

There b••e three Gerunds, ending in di, do, and dum: which have both the Active and Passive signification: as amandi of loving, or being loved: amando in loving, or being loved: amandum to love, or to bee loved.

Supines.

Qu. 89. How many Supines bee there?

There bee two Supines. The First end's in um, and signifie's Actively: as, amatum to love. The Later in u, and for the most part signifie's passively: as amatu to bee loved.

Tenses.

Qu. 90. How many Tenses bee there?

THere bee five Tenses or Times: the Present tens: the Preterimperfect Tens: the Preter∣perfect Tens: the Preterpluperfect Tens: and the Future Tens.

Qu. 91. How know you the Present Tens?

The Present Tens speaketh of the time that now is: as, amo I love.

Qu. 92. How the Preterimperfect Tens?

The Preterimperfect Tens speaketh of the time not perfectly past: as amabam, I loved, or did love.

Qu. 93 How the Preterpersect Tens?

The Preterpersect Tens speaketh of the time perfectly past, with this sign have: as amavi, I have loved.

Qu. 94. How know you the Preterpluperfect Tens?

The Preterpluperfect Tens speaketh of the time more then perfectly past, with this sign had: as a∣maveram, I had loved.

Qu. 95. How the Future Tens?

The Future Tens speaketh of the time to com, with this sign shall or will, as amabo, I shall or will love.

Persons.

Qu. 96. How many Persons are there in Verbs?

THere bee in Verbs three Persons in both Numbers: as, Sing. Ego amo, I love; tu amas, thou lovest; ille amat, hee loveth▪ Plural. Nos amamus, wee love; vos amatis, yee love; illi amant, they love.

Conjugations.

Qu. 79. How many Conjugations have Verbs?

VErbs have four Conjugations, which are known after this manner.

Qu. 98. How know you the first Conjugation?

The first conjugation hath ā long before re and ris: as amāre, amāris.

Qu. 99. How the second?

The second Conjugation hath ē long before re and ris: as docēre, docēris▪

Qu. 100. How the third?

The third Conjugation hath ĕ short before re and ris: as legĕre, legĕris.

Qu. 101. How the fourth?

The fourth Conjugation hath ī long before re and ris as audīre, audīris.

Qu. 102. How bee Ʋerbs in O declined?

Verbs in O, of the four Conjugations bee de∣clined after these examples.

• I. AMo, amas, amavi, amare: amandi, aman∣do, amandum: amatum, amatu: amans, amaturus. To love.
• II. Doceo, doces, docui, docere: docendi, docendo, docendum: doctum, doctu▪ docens, doctu∣rus. To teach.
• III. Lego, legīs, legi, legere: leg••ndi, legendo, legen∣dum: lectum, lectu: legens, lecturus. To read.
• IV. Audio, audis, audivi, audire: audiendi, audien∣do, audiendum: auditum, auditu: audiens, au∣diturus. To hear.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present tens singular.

I love,	Thou lovest,	Hee loveth,	Wee love,	Yee love,	they love,
or	or	or	or	or	or
do love,	doest love,	doth love,	do love,	do love,	do love.

Amo, amas, amat.		Amamus, amatis, amant.
Doceo, doces, docet.	Plura∣liter	Docemus, docetis, docent.
Lego, legis, legit.		Legimus, legitis, legunt.
Audio, audis, audit.		Audimus, auditis, audiunt.

Preterimper∣fect tens singular;

Amabam,		I loved or did love.
Docebam,
Legebam,	bas, bat.	Plural. bamus, batis, bant.
Audiebam,

Preterperfect tens singul.

Amavi,		I have loved.
Docui,
Legi,	isti, it.	Plur. imus, istis, ••runt vel ••re.
Audivi,

Preterpluper∣fect tens sing.

Amaveram,		I had loved.
Docueram,
Legeram,	ras, rat.	Plural. ramus, ratis, rant.
Audiveram,

Future tens singular;

Amabo,		I shall or will.
Docebo,	bis, bit.	Plural. bĭmus, bĭtis, bunt.
Legam,	es, et.	Plural. ••mus, ••tis, ent.
Audiam,

Imperative Mood.

Love	Love hee,	Love wee, or	Love Love they, or
thou:	let him love.	let us love:	yee: let them love.

Present tens singular;

Ama, amet, amato: amato.	Plu. amemus,	amate, ament, amatote: amanto
Doce, doceat, doc••to: doceto.	Pl. doceamus,	docete, doceant, docetote: docēto
Lege, legat, legito: legito.	Plu. legamus,	legite, legant, legitote: legunto
Audi, audiat, audito: audito.	Pl. audiamus,	audite, audiant, auditote: audiūto

N. B. The Optative, Potentiall, and Subjunctive Mood have the same termination: onely they differ in Sig∣nification, and Sign of the Mood: as, utinam amem, God grant I love, in the Optative Mood: amem, I may or can love, in the Potential Mood: cùm amem, when I love, in the Subjunctive Mood: and so likewise in other Tenses.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tens singul. cùm

	When I love.
Amem, ames, ame••.		Plur. cùm amemus, ametis, ament.
Doceam,
Legam,	as, at.	Plur. cùm amus, atis, ant.
Audiam,

Preterimper∣fect tens sing. cùm

Amarem,		When I loved, or did love.
Docerem,
Legerem,	res, ret.	Plur. cùm remus, retis, rent.
Audirem,

Preterperfect tens sing. cùm

Amaverim,		When I had loved.
Docuerim,
Legerim,	ris, rit.	Plur. cùm rimus, ritis, rint.
Audiverim,

Preterplu∣perfect tens sing. cùm

Amavissem,		When I had loved.
Docuissem,
Legissem,	ses, set.	Plur. cùm semus, setis, sent.
Audivissem,

Future tens sing. cùm

Amavero,		When I shall or will love.
Docuero,
Legero,	ris, rit.	Plur. cùm rimus, ritis, rint.
Audivero,

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterim∣perfect tens

Amate,		Love.
Docere,	To	Teach.
Legere,		Read.
Audire,		Hear.

Preterperfect and Preter∣pluperfect tens,

Amavisse		Loved.
Docuisse,	To have or had	Taught.
Legisse,		Read.
Audivisse.		Heard.

Future tens.

Amaturum		love
Docturum	esse, To	teach	hereafter.
Lecturum		read
Auditurum		hear

Ge∣runds

Amandi, of loving:	do in loving:	dum, to love.
Docendi, of teaching:	do, in teaching:	dum, to teach
Legendi, of reading:	do, in reading:	dom, to read.
Audiendi, of hearing:	do, in hearing:	dum, to hear.

Su∣pines

Amatum		love.	Amatu		loved.
Doctum	To	teach	Doctu	To bee	taught.
Lectum		read.	Lectu		read.
Auditum		hear.	Auditu		heard.

A participle of the pre∣sent tens.

• Amans, loving.
• Docens, teaching.
• Legens, reading.
• Audiens, hearing.

The partici∣ple of the first future tens.

• Amaturus to love, or about to love.
• Docturus to teach, or about to teach.
• Lecturus to read, or about to read.
• Auditurus to hear, or about to hear.

Before w••e decline any Verbs in or, for supplying of many tenses lacking in all such Verbs, wee must learn to decline this Verb Sum, in this wise following.

Sum, es, fui, esse, futurus: To bee.

Indicative Mood.

Present tens singular; Sum, I am: es, est. Pluraliter, Sumus, estis, sunt.

Preterimper∣fect tens sing. Eram, I was: eras, erat. Plural. eramus, eratis, erant.

Preterperfect tens singular; Fui, I have been: fuisti, fuit. Plur. ••u••mus, ••u, istis, fuêrunt vel fuêre.

Preterplu∣perfect tens singular; Fueram, I had been: fueras, fuerat. Plural. fue∣ramus, fueratis, fuerant.

Future tens. singular; Ero, I shall or will bee: eris, erit. Plur. erimus, eritis, erunt.

Imperative Mood.

Present tens singular;

Sis,		Sit,	Plural	Sitis,	Sint,
Es,	bee		Simus.	Este,	Sun∣to.
Esto,	thou,	Esto,		Estote,

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tens singul. cùm Sim, When I am: sis, sit. Plu. cùm simus, sitis, sint.

Preterimper∣fect tens sing cùm Essem, When I was: esses, esset. Plu. cùm esse∣mus, essetis, essent.

Preterperfect tens singular; cùm Fuerim, When I have been: fueris, fuerit. Plur. cùm fuérimus, fuéritis, fuerint.

Preterplu∣perfect tens s••ng; cùm Fuissem, When I had been: fuisses, fuisset. Plu. cùm fuissemus, fuissetis, fuissent.

Future tens sing. cùm Fuero, When I shall or will bee: fueris, fuerit▪ Plur. cùm fuerimus, fueritis, fuerint.

Infinitive Mood.

Present and preterimper∣fect tens;

Esse, to bee,

Preterperfect and Preter∣pluperf. tens,

Fuisse,

to have or had been.

Future tens; Fore vel futurum esse, to be herereafter.

Verbs in Or, of the Four Conjugations, bee declined after these examples.

AMor amâris vel amâre: amatus sum vel fui, amâri: amatus, amandus, To bee loved.

Doceor, docêris vel docêre doctus sum vel fui, doceri: doctus, docendus, To bee taught.

Legor, legĕris vel legĕre: lectus sum vel fui, legi: lectus, le∣gendus, To bee read.

Audior, aud••••is vel audîre: auditus sum vel fui, audiri: audi∣tus, audiendus. To bee heard.

The Indicative Mood.

Present tens singular,

I am loved. Amor, amâris vel amâre, amatur. Doceor, docēr is vel docēre, docetur. Legor, legĕris vel legĕre, legitur. Audior, audîris vel audîre, auditur.

Plur. m••••, mini, ntur.

Preterimper∣fect tens▪sing

Ama••ar, Docebar, Legebar Audiebar.

I was loved. baris vel bare, batur. bamini, bantur.

Plur. bamur,

Preterperfect tens sing.

Amatus Doctus Lectus Anditus

I have been loved. sum vel fui,

tus es vel fuisti, tus est vel fuit▪ Plur▪ ti sumus vel fui∣mus▪ ti estis, vel fuistis, ti sunt, fuêrunt vel fuêre.

Preterpluper∣fect tens sing.

Amatus Doctus Lectus Auditus

I had been loved. eram vel fueram,

tus eras vel fueras, tus erat vel fuerat. Pl ••i eramus, vel fueramus, ti eratis vel fue∣ratis, ti erant vel fuerant.

Future tens singular.

Amabor, Docebor, Legar, Audia••,

I shall or will bee loved. bĕris vel bĕre, ĭtur. êris vel êre, etur. entur.

Plu bĭmur, imini, untur. Plur. emur, emini,

Imperative Mood.

Bee thou loved.

Let him bee loved.

Let us bee loved.

Bee yee loved,

Let them bee loved.

Present tens sin.

Amare, ametur, amator: amator.	Pl. ame∣mur,	Amamini, amentur, amaminor: amantor.
Docere, doceatur, docetor: docetor.	Pl. doce∣amur,	Docemini, doceantur, doceminor: docentor.
Legere, legatur, legitor, legitor.	Pl. lega∣mur,	Legimini, legantur, legiminor: leguntor.
Audire, audiatur, Auditor: auditor.	Pl. audi. amur,	Audimini, audiantur, audiminor, audiuntor.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tens sing. cùm

	When I am loved.
Amer, êris vel êre, êtur.		Plu. émur, émini, entur.
Docear, Legar, Audiar,	aris vel are, atur.	Pl. cùm amur, amini, antur.

Preterim∣rerfect tens singular, cùm

Amarer, Docerer, Legerer, Audirer,

When I was loved. rêris vel rêre, rêtur.

Plu. cùm remur, remini, rentur.

Preterperfect tens sing cùm

Amatus Doctus Lectus Auditus

When I had been loved. sim vel fuerim, tus sis vel fueris, tus sit vel fuerit. Plural. cùm ti simus vel fuérimus, ti sitis vel fuéritis, ti sint vel fuerint.

Preterplu∣perfect tens singular, cùm

Amatus Doctus Lectus Auditus

When I had been loved. essem vel fuissem, tus esses vel fuisses, tus esset vel fuisset.. Plur. cùm ti esse∣mus vel fuissemus, ti essetis vel fuis∣setis, ti essent vel fuissent.

Future tens ••ingul. cùm

Amatus Doctus Lectus Auditus

When I shall or will bee loved. ero vel fuero, tus eris vel fueris, tus eris vel fuerit. Plural. cùm ti erimus vel fuerimus, ti eritis vel fuer••••is, ti erunt vel fuerint.

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterim∣perfect tens.

Amari, Doceri, Legi, Audiri,	To bee
Loved.	••aught.	Read.	Heard.

Preterper∣fect tens and Preterplu∣perfect tens.

Amatum Doctum Lectum Auditum

To have or had been loved. esse vel fuisse.

Future tens.

Amatum iri, vel amandum esse,		loved
Doctum iri, vel docendum esse,	to bee	taught	here∣after.
Lectum iri, vel legendum esse,		read
Auditum iri, vel audiendum esse,		heard

A Participle of the preterperfect tens.

• Amatus, Loved.
• Doctus, Taught.
• Lectus, Read.
• Auditus, Heard.

A Participle of the Future in dus.

Amandus,		Loved.
Docendus,	To bee	Taught.
Legendus,		Read.
Audiendus,		Heard.

Of certain Irregular Verbs which are declined and formed in manner following.

POssum, potes, potui, posse, potens: To may or can.

Volo, vis, volui, velle: volendi, volendo, volendum: supinis caret, volens: To will, or, to bee willing.

Nolo, nonvis, nolui, nolle: nolendi, nolendo, no∣lendum: supinis caret, nolens: To nill, or to bee unwilling.

Malo, mavis, malui, malle: malendi, malendo, ma∣lendum: supinis caret, malens: To have rather, or▪ to bee more willing.

Edo, edis vel es, edi, edere vel esse: edendi, eden∣do edendum: esum esu, vel estum, estu, edens, esu∣rus, vel esturus: To eat.

Fio, fis, factus sum vel fui, fieri: factus, faciendus: To bee made, or, to bee don.

Fero fers, tuli, ferre: ferendi ferendo, ferendum: latum latu: ferens, laturus: To bear or suffer.

Feror, ferris, vel ferre, latus sum vel fui, ferre: latus, ferendus. To bee born or suffered.

Indicative Mood.

Present tens singular▪	Pluraliter▪
POssum, potes, potest.	Possumus, potestis, possunt.
Volo, vis, vult.	Volumus, vultis, volunt.
Nolo, nonvis, nonvul••,	Nolumus, nonvultis, no. lunt.
Malo, mavis, mavult.	Malumus, mavultis, malunt.
Edo edis vel es, edit vel est.	Edimus, editis vel estis, e∣dunt.
Fio, fis, fit.	Fimus, fitis, fiunt.
Fero, fers, fert.	Ferimus, fertis, ferunt.
Feror, ferris vel ferre, fertur.	Ferimur, ferimini, feruntur.

Preterimper∣fect tens sing.

Poteram,
Volebam,
Nolebam,
Malebam,	as, at. Pluraliter, amus, atis, ant.
Edebam,
Fiebam,
Ferebam,
Ferebar, baris vel bare, batur. Plu. bamur, bami∣ni, bantur.

Preterperfect tens singular;

Potui▪	Malui,
Volui,	Edi,	isti, it. Flural. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
Nolui,	Tuli,
	sum vel fui, tus es vel fuisti, tus est vel
Factus	fuit Plur. ti sumus vel fuimus, ti estis vel
Latus	fuistis, ti sunt, fuêrunt vel fuêre.

•• Preterplu∣perfect tens singular;

Poteram,	Malueram,
Volueram,	Ederam,	ras, rat. Plural. ramus, ratis, rant.
Nolueram,	••uleram,
	eram vel fueram, tus eras vel fueras, tus
Factus	erat vel fuerat. Plur. ti eramus vel fue∣ramus, ti eratis vel fueratis, ti erant vel fuerant.
Latus

Future tens singular;

Potero, eris, erit.		Plural. Poterimus, eritis, erunt.
Volam,	Edam,
Nolam,	Fiam,	es, et. Plur. emus, etis, ent.
Malam,	Feram,
Ferar, ferêris vel ferêre, feretur. Plu. feremur, fe∣remini, ferentur.

Possum, Volo, Malo, have no Imperative Mood▪

Imperative Mood.

Present tens sin∣gular;

Noli,	Nolito,	Pluraliter.	Nolite,	Nolitote.
Es, esto,	edat,		edite, este,	edant,
ede,	esto,	Pl. Edamus,	estore,	edun∣to.
edito:	edito.		editote:
	Fiat,		Fite,	Fiant,
Fito-tu:	Fito.	Pl. Fiamus,	fitote:	fiunto.
Fer,	Ferat,		Ferte,	Ferant,
ferto:	ferto.	P. Feramus,	fertote:	ferunto.
Ferre,	Feratur,	Pl. Fera∣mur	Ferimini,	Ferantur,
fertor:	fertor.		feriminor:	feruntor.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tens singul. cùm

Possim,	Nolim,	is, it. Plual. cùm imus, iris, int.
Velim,	Malim,
Edam,
Fiam,	as, at. Plu. cùm amus, atis, ant.
Feram,
Ferar, raris vel rare, ratur. Plur. cùm amur, amini, antu••.

Preterimper∣fect tens sing. cùm

Possem,	Ederem
Vellem,	vel essem,	es, et. Plural. cùm emus,
Nollem,	Fierem,	etis, ent.
Mallem,	Ferrem,
Ferer, rêris vel rêre, rêtur. Pl. cùm remur, remini, rentur.

Preterperfect tens sin. cùm

Potuerim,	Maluerim,
Voluerim,	Ederim,	ris, rit Plu. cùm rimus,
Noluerim,	Tulerim,	ritis, rine.
	sim vel fuerim, tus sis vel fueris, tus sit
Factus	vel fuerit. Pl cùm ti simus vel fuérimus,
Latus	ti sitis vel fuéritis, ti sint vel fuerint.

Preterplu∣perfect tens cùm

Potuissem,	Maluissem,
Voluissem,	Edissem,	ses, set. Plural. cùm se∣mus, setis, sent.
Noluissem,	Tulissem,
	essem, vel fuissem, tus esses vel fuisses, tus
Factus	esset vel fuisset. Plur. cùm ti essemus vel
Latus	fuissemus, ti essetis vel fuissetis, ti essent vel fuissent.

Future tens sing. cùm

Potuero,	Maluero,
Voluero,	Edero,	ris, rit. Plural. cùm rimus,
Noluero,	Tulero,	ritis, rint.
	ero vel fuero, tus eris, vel fueris, tus erit
Factus	vel fuerit. P. cùm ti erimus vel fuerimus,
Latus	ti eritis vel fueritis, ti erunt vel fuerinr.

Infinitive Mood.

Present tens and Preter∣perfect tens.	Preterperfect and Pre∣terpluperfect tens.;
Posse,	Potuisse.
Velle,	Voluisse.
Nolle,	Noluisse.
Malle,	Maluisse.
Edete vel esse,	Edisse.
Ferre,	Tulisse.
Fieri,	Factum esse vel fuisse.
Ferri.	Latum esse vel fuisse.

Qu. 103. How are Eo and Queo formed?

FO and Queo make Ibam and Quibam in the Preterimperfect Tens of the Indicative Mood, and Ibo and Qui••o in the future Tens: and in all other Moods and Tenses are varied like Verbs in o of the fourth Conjugation; saving that they make their Gerunds, Eundi, do, dum. Queundi, do, dum: and Eo in the oblique cases of the Parti∣ciple of the present tens make's Euntis, eunti, &c.

Qu. 104. What Tenses are formed of the Preter∣perfect tens of the Indicative Mood?

Of the Preterperfect tens of the Indicative Mood bee formed the Preterpluperfect tens of the same Mood: the Preterperfect tens, Preterplu∣perfect tens, and Future tens, of the Optative Mood, the Potential Mood, and the Subjunctive Mood; as of Amavi, are formed, Amaveram, ama∣ver••m,

amavero, by changing i into e short; A∣mavissem, amavisse, keeping i still.

Qu. 105. How are Verbs Impersonals declined?

IMpersonals bee declined thorowout all Moods and Tenses in the voice of the third person sin∣gular onely: as, Delectat, delectabat, delectavit, de∣lectaverat, delectabit. Decet, decebat, decuit, decu∣erat, decebit, decere. Studetur, studebatur, studitum est vel fuit, studitum erat vel fuerat, studebitur, &c.

Qu. 106. What is the common Sign of Verbs Impersonals?

They have commonly before their English, this sign, it: as, Delectat, it delighteth: Decet, it be∣cometh.

Of a PARTICIPLE.

Qu. 107. What is a Participle?

A Participle is a part of Speech, de∣rived of a Verb, and taketh part of a Noun, as Gender, Case, and De∣clension: and part of a Verb, as Tens and signification; and p••rt of both, as Number and Figure.

Qu. 108. How many kinds of Participles bee there?

There bee four kindes of Participles: One of the Present tens; another of the Preter tens: one of the Future in r••s, another of the Future in dus.

Qu. 109. How know you a Participle of the present tens?

A Participle of the Present tens hath his En∣glish ending in ing, as loving: and his Latine in ans, or ens, as, Amans, Docens.

Qu. 110. Whence i•• is formed?

It is formed of the Preterimperfect tens of the

Indicative Mood, by changing the last syllable into us: as Amabam, amans; Audieban, audiens, Auxi∣liabar, auxilians; Poteram, potens.

Qu. 111. How know you a Participle of the Fu∣ture in rus?

A Participle of the Future in rus betokeneth to do, like the Infinitive Mood of the Active voice, as Amaturus. To love, or about to love.

Qu. 112. How is it formed?

And it is formed of the later Supine, by put∣ting to rus, as Doctu, docturus.

Qu. 113. How know you a Participle of the Preter tens?

A Participle of the Preter tens hath his En∣glish ending in d, t, or n; as loved, taught, slain: and his Latine in tus, sus, xus; and one in uus, as Mortuus.

Qu. 114. How is it formed?

And it is formed of the later Supine, by put∣ting to ••; as of Lectu, lectus: except Mortuus.

Qu. 114. How know you a Participle of the Future in dus?

A Participle of the Future in dus, betokeneth to suffer, like the Infinitive Mood of the Passive voice: as: Amandus, to bee loved.

Qu. 116. How is it formed?

And it is formed of the Genitive Case singular of the Participle of the Present tens, by changing tis into dus: as Amantis, amandus: Legentis, legendus. And it is also found to have the signi∣fication of the Participle of the Present tens: as Legendis veteribus proficis, in reading old Authors thou dost profit.

Qu. 117. How many Participles com of a Verb Active? &c.

Of a Verb Active, and of a Verb Neuter which

have the Supines, com▪ Two Participles: One of the Present tens; and another of the Future in rus: as, of Amo, cometh amans, amaturus; of Cur∣ro, currens, cursurus.

Qu. 118. How many of a Verb passive?

Of a Verb Passive, whose Active hath the Su∣pines, com two Participles: One of the Preter tens, and another of the Future in dus: as, of Amor com∣eth amatus, amandus.

Qu. 119. How many of a Verb Deponent?

Of a Verb Deponent com Three Participles: One of the Present tens, one of the Preter tens, and one of the Future in rus: as, of Auxilior, cometh auxilians, auiliatus, auxiliandus.

And if the Verb Deponent do govern an Accu∣sative case after him, it may form also a Participle in dus, as of Loquor, loquendus.

Qu. 120. How many of a Verb Commune?

Of a Verb Commune com Four Participles: as, of Largior, cometh largiens, Largiturus, largitus, largiendus.

Qu. 121. How are Participles declined?

Participles of the Present tens bee declined like Nouns Adjectives of three Articles: as, Nomina∣tivo hic, haec & h••c Amans, Genitivo amantis, Dativo amanti▪ &c.

Participles of other tenses bee declined like Nouns Adjectives of three Terminations: as, Amaturus, amatura, amaturum: Amatus, a, um: Amandus, da, dum.

Of an ADVERB.

Qu. 122. What is an Adverb?

AN Adverb is a part of Speech join∣ed to the Verbs, to declare their sig∣nification

Why are Adverbs joyned to Verbs?

They are joyned principally to Verbs, (and somtimes to other parts) to declare their signification: i. e. by som circumstance of Time, Place, Number, Order, or the like.

Qu. 123. How many sorts of Adverbs bee there?

There bee sundry sorts of Adverbs: Som bee of

• 1. Time: as, Hodie to d••y, cras to morrow, heri ye∣sterday, perendie next after to morrow, olim in time past▪ or ••o com, aliquando somtimes, nuper of late, quando when.
• 2. Place: as, Ubi where, ibi there, hic here, istic there, intus within, for is without.
• 3. Number: as, Semel once, ••is twice, ter thrice, quater four times, iterum again.
• 4. Order: as, Indè from thence, deinde afterwards, denique to conolude, postrem•• last of all.
• 5. Asking or doubting: as, C••r wherefore, quare wherefore, unde from whence, quorsum to what end, num whether, nunquid whether.
• 6. Calling: as, Heus hoe, O hoe, ehodum hoe sirrah.
• 7. Affirming: as, Certè surely, nae verily, profectò truly, sanè truly or doubtless, scilicet doubtless or truly, licèt although, estò bee it so.
• 8. Denying: as, Non not, minimè no, or in no wise, haud not, neutiquam not, or on no wise, nequaquam no, or on no wise.
• 9. Swearing: as, Pol in good sooth, aedepol in good footh, hercle truly, medius fidius, in faith or truth.
• ...

• 10. Exhorting: as, Eia go to, or well, age go to, a∣gite go yee to, agedum well, go to yet.
• 11. Flattering: as, sodes if thou darest, or on good fel∣lowship, amabó of all love.
• 12. Forbidding: as, Nè no, not.
• 13. Wishing: as, Utinam oh that, or I would to God, si O that, ô si O that, ô si O if, O Oh that.
• 14. Gathering together: as, Simul together, und to∣gether, pariter together, non modò not onely, non solùm not onely.
• 15. Parting: as, seorsim asunder, or one from another, sigillarim every one asunder, or peculiarly, vicatim street by street, or village by village.
• 16. Choosing: as, Potiùs rather, imò yea rather.
• 17. A thing not finished: as, Penè almost, ferè al∣most, prope nie or near, or almost, vix scarcely, modò non almost.
• 18. Shewing: as, En behold, ecce behold.
• 19. Doubting: as, Forsan peradventure, forsitan peradventure, fortassis it may bee, for••asse it may bee or peradventure.
• 20. Chance: as, Fortè by chance, fortuitò by chance, or at adventure.
• 21. Likeness: as, Sic so, sicut like as, quasi as, ceu as, tanquam even as, velut as.
• 22. Quality: as, Benè well, malè evilly, doctè learnedly, fortiter strongly.
• 23. Quantity: as, Multùm much, parùm little, mi∣nimùm the least of all, paululùm very little, pluri∣mùm most of all, or very much.
• 24. Comparison: as, Tam so, or as well, quàm as, magis more, minùs less, maximè especially.

Qu. 124. Are not som Adverbs compared?

Certain Adverbs bee compared: as, Doctè learn∣edly; doctiùs more learnedly; doctissimè most learnedly.

Fortiter valiantly; fortiùs more valiantly; fortissimè most valiantly. Propè neer, propiùs neerer; proximé neerest of all.

Qu. 125. Are not Prepositions somtimes made Adverbs?

Prepositions, set alone, without any Casual word to serv to, bee not Prepositions, but are changed into adverbs: as, Qui antè non cavet, pòst dolebit: Hee that bewareth not afore shall bee sorry after∣ward. ••oràm laudare & clàm vituperare, inhone∣stum est: In presence to commend one, and behinde the back to disprais, is an unhonest point.

Of a CONJUNCTION.

Qu. 126. What is a Conjunction?

A Conjunction is a part of speech, which joyneth words and sentences toge∣ther.

What is the use of Conjunctions?

To joyn words and sentences together.

Qu. 127. How many sorts of Conjunctions bee there?

Conjunctions bee of divers sorts: Som

• 1. Copulatives: as, Et and, que and, quoque also, ac and, atque and, nec neither, neque neither.
• 2. Disjunctives: as, aut either, ve or, or either, vel either, seu either, sive either.
• 3. Discretives: as, Sed but, quidem but truly, au∣tem but, verò but, at but, ast but.
• 4. Causals: as, Nam for, namque for, enim for, et∣enim for, quia becaus, ut that, quòd that, quum sith that, quoniam becaus: and quando (set for quoniam) sith that, or becaus.
• ...

• 5. Conditionals: as, Si if, sin but if, modò so that, dum so that, dummodo so that.
• 6. Exceptives: as, Ni except, nisi except, quin but, alioquin except that, or otherwise, praeterquam ex∣cept that.
• 7. Interrogatives: as, Ne whether, an whether, u∣trùm whether, nécne whether or no, ánne whether or no, nónne is it not so?
• 8. Illatives: as, Ergò therefore, ideo therefore, igitur therefore, quare wherefore, itaque therefore, proin therefore, proin wherefore.
• 9. Adversatives: as, Etsi although quanquam, al∣though, quamvis although, licèt although, or albeit, estò bee it so.
• 10. Redditives to the same: as, Tamen notwith∣standing, attamen yet notwithstanding.
• 11. Electives: as, Quàm how, ac as, atque as, or than.
• 12. Diminutives: as, Saltem at least, vel yea, or at the least.

Of a PREPOSITION.

Qu. 128. What is a Preposition?

A Preposition is a part of speech most com∣monly set before other parts,

How many wayes?

Either in Apposition: as, Ad patrem, or els in Composition: as, Indoctus.

Why do you say Commonly set before other parts?

Becaus som Prepositions are ordinarily set after their Cases: as, Versus, Tenus.

Qu. 129. What Cases do Prepositions serv to?

Som Prepositions serv to an Accusative Case: som to an Ablative: som to both.

Qu. 130. How many serv to the Accusative?

I. These Prepositions following serv to the Accusative Case.

Ad to, apud at, ante before, adversùs, adversùm a∣gainst; cis, citra on this side; circa, circiter, circùm a∣bout; contra against, erga towards, extra without, intra within, inter between infra beneath, juxta besides, or nigh to, ob for, penès in the power, per by, or through, ponè behinde, post after, praeter besides, propter for, propè nigh to, secundùm according to, secus by, supra above, trans on the further side, versùs towards, ultra beyond.

II. These Prepositions following serv to the Ablative Case.

A▪, ab, abs of or from; absque without, coram before. cum with, de of, or concerning: E▪, ex, out of; palam openly, prae before, or in comparison; pro for, sine with∣out.

III. These Prepositions following serv to both Cases, i. e. an Accusative and Ablative.: as, in, sub, super, subter, clam.

1. In, with this sign To, to the Accusative Case: as, in urbem, into the city: In, without this sign To, to the Ablative Case: as, In te spes est, My hope is in thee.

2. Sub noctem, a little before night: Sub judice lis est, The matter is before the judg.

3. Super lapidem, upon a stone: super viridi fronde, upon green leaves.

4. Subter terram, under the earth: subter aquis, under the water.

5. Clam parrem, & clam patre, without my father's knowledg.

To which may bee added

6. Tenus, which govern's an Ablative Case sin∣gular, and plural; and a Genitive plural: as, Capulo tenus, up to the hilt; aurium tenus, up to the ears.

N. B. Tenus and Versùs are alwayes set after there Casual words: as, Londinum versùs, towards London: and likewise may Penès bee set also.

These Prepositions are alwaies found in Com∣position: Am, di, dis, re, se, con.

Also Prepositions set alone without their Casu∣als are changed into Adderbs: as is aforesaid in the Adverb.

Of an INTERJECTION.

Qu. 131. What is an Interjection?

AN Interjection is a part of speech which betokeneth a sudden passion of the minde, under an unperfect voice.

Qu. 132. How many kinds of Interjections bee there?

Som bee of

• 1. Mirth: as, Evax, Hey brave; vah, how.
• 2. Sorrow: as, Heu, alas! hei, welladay!
• 3. Dread: as, Atat, out alas!
• 4. Marvelling: as, papae, ô strange!
• 5. Shunning: as, Apage: avant.
• 6. Praysing: as, Euge well don.
• 7. Scorning: as, Hu, whoo.
• 8. Exclaiming: as, Proh, oh.
• 9. Cursing: as, Vae, wo.
• ...

• 10. Laughing: as, Ha, ha, he.
• 11. Calling: as, Eho, so ho: Io, avoy.
• 12. Silence: as, Au, st: pax, whist.

N. B. Other words somtimes are put for In∣terjections, viz. when they signifie •• sudden passion of the minde: as, Infand••m! a thing not to bee spoken of: amábo, of all loves: malum! with a mischief, &c.

WHereas there are properly two parts of Grammar, I. E∣tymology, which handleth the Eight Parts, with their accidents, severally, as single words: II. Syntaxis, which treateth of Words as they are joined together in a Speech; having don with the Rudiments, as they concern Etymology: wee shall give you a few General Rules in English concerning Syn∣taxis; and so refer you to the Latine Syntaxis, which handle's them more largely: forbearing to trouble children with any Criticism, or Niceties, until they bee well grounded in the plain ordinary Rules.

SYNTAXIS, OR, CONSTRUCTION

SYntaxis, or Construction, is the due joyning of words together in speech, according to the right rule of Grammar.

Of Syntaxis there bee two parts:

I. Concordance of words.

II. Government of words.

I. Of the Concordance of words.

THere bee three Concords: the First, between the Nominative Case and the Verb: the Second between the Substantive and the Ad∣jective: the Third between the Antecedent and the Relative.

I. Concord.

A Verb Personal agreeth with his Nomina∣tive Case in number and Person: as, Prae∣ceptor legit, vos verò negligitis; The master readeth, but yee regard not.

II. Concord.

THe Adjective (whether it bee a Noun, Pro∣noun, or Participle) agreeth with his Sub∣stantive

in Case, Gender, and Number: as, Ami∣cus certus in re incerta cernitur: A sure friend is tried in a doubtfull matter. Ager colendus, a field to bee til∣led. Hic vir, this man; meus herus est▪ it is my master.

III. Concord.

THe Relative agreeth with his Antecedent in Gender, Number, and Person: as, Vir sapit, qui pauca loquitur: That man is wise that speaketh few things or words.

N. B. The Antecedent most commonly is a word that goeth before the Relative, and is again rehersed of the Relative.

The Rule of the Relatives.

WHen there cometh no Nominative case be∣tween the Relative and the Verb the Re∣lative shall bee the Nominative case to the Verb: as, miser est, qui nummos admiratur: Wretched is hee, that is in love with money.

But when there cometh a Nominative case be∣tween the Relative and the Verb, the Relative shall bee such case as the Verb will have after him: as, Felix, quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum: Happy is hee, whom other men's harms make wary.

When you have a Verb, Adjective, or Relative, ask the question, who? or what? and the word an∣swering to that question shall bee the Nominative Case to the Verb, the Substantive to the Adje∣ctive, and Antecedent to the Relative.

The Rule of Question and Answer.

WHen a question is asked, the answer must bee made in Latine by the same case of a Noun, and the same Tens of a Verb that the que∣stion

is asked by: as, Cujus est fundus? Whose ground is it? Vicini: My neighbours. Quid agitur in ludo literario? What do you in the school? Studetur: Wee study.

II. Of the Government of words.

I. The Rule of Noun-Substantives.

WHen two Substantives com together signi∣fying divers things, the later shall bee the Genitive case: as, Facundia Ciceronis, the eloquence of Cicero; or Cite••••'s eloquence. Amator studiorum: A lover of studies.

But if they belong both to one thing, they shall bee put both in one Case: as, ••ater meus, vir, amat me▪ puerum: My father, being a man, loveth mee, a boy.

When the English of the word Res is put with an Adjective, you may put away Res, and put the Adjective in the Neuter Gender, like a Substan∣tive: as, Multa me impedierunt▪ Many things have letted mee. And being so put, it may bee the Sub∣stantive to the Adjective: as, Pauca his ••imilia: a few things like unto these. Nonnulla hujusmodi; many things of like sort.

An Adjective in the Neuter Gender, put alone without a Substantive, standeth for a Substan∣tive, and may have a Genitive case after him, as if it were a Substantive: as, Multum lucri, much gain. Quantum negotii? how much business? Id ope∣ns, that work.

Words importing indument of any quality or propertie, to the prais or disprais of a thing, coming after •• Noun-substantive, or a Verb-substantive, it may bee put in the Ablative case, or in the Ge∣nitive:

as, Puer bonâ indole, or, puer bonae indo∣lis; a childe of a good towardness. Puer boni ingenil, or, puer bono ingenio; a boy of a good wit.

Opus and Usus, when they signifie need, require an Abiative case: as, Opus est mihi tuo judicio: I have need of thy judgment. Viginti minis opus est fi∣lio: My son hath need of twenty pounds.

The Rules of Adjectives.

¶ Adjectives governing a Genitive Case.

1. ADjectives that signifie desire, knowledg, re∣membrance, ignorance, and such like, require a Genitive Case: as, Cupidus auri, greedy of gold: Peritus belli, skilfull▪in war: Memor mortis, minde∣full of death: Reus forti, accused of theft.

2. Adjectives Uerbals in ax govern a Genitive case: as, Tempus edax rerum; Time is a devourer of things.

3. Nouns Partitives, Interrogatives, certain Nouns of Number, Comparatives, and Super∣latives used partitively, require a Genitive case: as, Aliquis vestrûm; som of you: Quis fratrum? which of the brethren? Quatuor judicum; four of the judges: Manuum fortior est dextra; of the hands, the right is the stronger. Digitorum medius est longissi∣mus: of the fingers the middle is the longest.

¶ Adjectives governing a Dative Case.

1. ADjectives that signifie, (1.) Profit or dis∣profit. (2.) Likeness or unlikeness (3.) plea∣sure. (4.) submitting, or (5.) belonging to any thing, require a Dative case: as, Labor est utilis corpori, labor is profitable for the body. Est sinitimus oratori Poëta: a Poët is very near to an Orator. jucundus omni∣bus,

pleasant to all persons. Parenti supplex, suppliant to his father.

2. Nouns Adjectives ending in bilis, of the pas∣sive signification, and participants in dus, require a Dative case: as, Flebilis, flendus omnibus: To bee lamented of all men. Formidabilis, formidandus hosti, To bee feared of his enemies.

¶ Adjectives governing an Accusative Case.

ADverbs govern an Accusative case (and som∣times an ablative,) which signifieth the length, breadth, or thickness, of a thing: as, Turris alta centum pedes; a tower an hundred foot high. Arbor lata tres digitos, a tree three fingers broad. Liber cras∣sus tres pollices, vel tribus pollicibus, A book three inches thick.

¶ Adjectives governing an Ablative Case.

1. ADjectives which signifie fulness, emptiness, plenty, or want, require an ablative case, and somtime a a Genitive: as, Copiâ abundans, Abound∣ing in plenty. Animus curis vacuus; A minde void of cares. Stultorum plena sunt omnia; All things are full of fools. Expers omnium; wanting all things.

2. Dignus, indignus, praeditus, captus, contentus, and such like, will have an ablative case: as, Dig∣nus honore; worthy of honor. Indignus praemio; un∣worthy of a reward. Deo fretus; trusting upon God. Vir∣tute praeditus; endued with virtue. Captus oculis; blinde. Suâ sorte contentus; content with his lot.

N. B. But Dignus, indignus, aud contentus, may, instead of the ablative case, have the Infini∣tive Mood of a Uerb: as, Laudari dignus; Worthy to bee praised. Contentus in pace vivere; content to live in peace.

3. Nouns Adjectives of the Comparative de∣gree,

having Than or By after them, do caus the word following to bee the Ablative case: as, Fri∣gidio••••glacie; more cold than ice. Doctior multo; bet∣tre learned by a great deal. Uno, pede altîor; higher by a foot.

3. Adjectives govern an Ablative case signifying the Caus, or the Instrument, or the manner of doing: as Deteriores omnes sumus licentiâ; Wee are all the wors by liberty. Percussit eum gladio; hee struck him with a sword. Mirâ celeritate rem peregit; hee performed the business with wonderfull speediness.

The Rules of Pronouns.

1. THese Genitive cases of the Primitives, Meî tuî suî, nostrî and vestrî, are used, when suf∣fering or pasūon is signified: as, Pars tuî; part of thee. Amor meî; the love of mee. But when posses∣sion is signified, Meus, tuus, suus, noster and vester bee used: as, Ars tua; thy Art. Imago tua; thy i∣mage.

2. These Genitive cases, Nostrûm and vestrûm, bee used after distributives, partitives, Compara∣tives and Superlatives: as, Nemo vestrûm, none of you: aliquis nostrûm, som of us. Major vestrûm, the bigger of you: maximus natu nostrûm, the eldest of us.

The Rules of Verbs.

¶ Verbs governing a Nominative Case.

1. VErbs substantives, as, Sum, forem, fio, ex∣isto nascor: Uerbs passives of calling: as, Dicor, vocor, salutor, appellor, habeor, existimor, videor: and Uerbs of gesture will have a Nomi∣native

case after them, as well as before them: as, Fama est malum; Fame is an evil thing. Malus cul∣turâ fit bonus; an evil person by due ordering or gover∣nance is made good. Croesus vocatur dives; Cresus is called rich. Petrus incedit claudus; Peter goe's lame. Dormit securus; hee sleep's void of care.

¶ Verbs governing a Genitive Case.

1. THis Uerb Sum, signifying possession, owing, or pertaining to a thing, as a token, proper∣ty, or duty, requireth a Genitive case: as, Haec vestis est Patris; This garment is my fathers. Insipi∣entis est dîcere, non putâram; It is the property of a fool to say, I had not thought. Adolescentis est majores natu revereri; it is the duty of a young man to reverence his elders. But these Nominatives, Meum, tuum, suum, nostrum, vestrum, humanum, belluinum, and such like are excepted; as, humanum est errare; bel∣luinum verò in errore perseverare; It is humane frailly to commit an error; but it is brutish to persevere in error.

2. Uerbs that signifie esteem or regard, will have a Genitive case: as, Parvi penditur probitas; Ho∣nesty is reckoned little worth. Plurimi passim fit pecunia•• Money is every where much regarded.

3. Uerbs of accusing, condemning, warning, or absolving, will have a Genitive case, of the crime or punishment, with an accusative case of the per∣son: as, Qui alterum incusat▪ probri, ipsum se in∣tueri oportet; It behooveth him to look to himself, who accuseth another of dishonestie. Admonuit me errati; hee warned mee of a mistake.

4. Satago, misereor, miseresco require a Geni∣tive case: as, Rerum suarum satagit: Hee is busie about his own matters.

5. Reminiscor, obliviscor, and memini, will have a Genitive, or accusative case: as, Datae fidei remi∣niscitur: Hee▪ remembreth his promiss. Proprium est stultorum aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum; It is the property of fools to see other men's faults, and to forget their own. Memini tuî vel te; I remember thee. Memini de te, I speak of thee.

¶ Verbs governing a Dative Case.

1. ALl Verbs put Acquisitively that is to say, with these tokens To or For after them, will have o Dative case: as, Non omnibus Dormio; I sleep not to all men. Huic habeo, non tibi; I have it for this man and not for thee.

2. Verbs that signifie (1) to profit or to dis∣profit: (2) to compare: (3) to give or restore: (4) to promiss or to pay: (5) to command or shew: (6) to trust: (7) to obey, or resist: (8) to threaten or to bee angry with, require a Dative case: as, Bonis nocet, qui parcit malis; Hee hurt's the good, who spare's the bad. Parvis componere magna; To compare great things with small. Fortuna multis nimium dedit, nulli sat••s; Fortune hath given too much to many, to none enough. Hoc tibi promitto; I promise you this. Aes alienum mihi numeravit; Hee paid unto mee the debt. Imperat aut servit collecta pecunia cuique; Money gathered together com∣mandeth or serveth every body. Mulieri ••è credas; Believ not a woman. Semper obtemperat pius filius patri; A dutifull son alwayes obeyeth his father. Ignavis precibus fortuna repugnat; Fortune resisteth slothfull prayers. Utrique mortem minatus est: Hee threatned death to them both. Adolescenti succenset; Hee is an∣gry with the young man.

3. Sum, with his compounds: as, Adsum, absum,

praesum, desum, (except possum) require a Dative case: as, Sum tibi naturâ pater: I am a father to thee by nature. Multa petentibus desunt multa; Many things are wanting to them that require many things.

4. Sum and Suppetit, being put for habeo, will have a Dative case: as, Est mihi mater: i. e. habeo matrem; I have a mother. Pauper non est, cui rerum suppetit usus; Hee is not a poor man, who hath the use of things.

5. Sum, and other Verbs have oftentimes a double Dative case: as, Sum tibi praesidio; I am to thee a safegard. Rex pius est Reipublicae ornamento; A godly King is an ornament to the Commonwealth. Hoc tu tibi laudi ducis; You esteem this a commendation to you.

6. Verbs compounded with Satis, Bene, and malè; and many Verbs compounded with these Prepositions, Prae, ad, con sub. ante, post, ob, in and inter, will have a Dative case: as, Benefecit multis, malefecit nulli; Hee hath don good to many, hee hath don hurt to none. Ille huic negotio praefuit; Hee was chief in this business. But praeeo, praevinco, praecedo, prae∣curro, praevertor, will hade an Accusative case.

¶ Verbs governing an Accusative Case.

VErbs transitives, (that is to say, whose acti∣on passeth into another thing) will have after them an Accusative case, of the Doer or sufferer: as, usus promptos facit; Ʋse make's men ready. Cres∣centem sequitur cura pecuniam; Ca••e followe's money encreasing.

2. Certain Verbs intransitive, of an absolute signification, admit after them an Accusative, and somtime an Ablative of their own, or a near signi∣fication: as, Endymionis somnum dormis; Thou

sleepest the sleep of Endymion. Longm••ire viam; to go a long way. Morte obiit repentinâ; Hee died a sudden death.

3. Verbs of asking, teaching, and arraying, will have two Accusative cases: One of the Per∣son, and another of the Thing: as, Frugalitatem & tem∣perantiam multos docuit penuria; Poverty hath taught many thristiness and temperance: Ter. Induit se calceos quos priùs exuerat: He put on his shoes, which hee had put off before.

¶ Verbs governing an Ablative Case.

1. ALl Verbs require an Ablative case, signifying the instrument wherewith any thing is don, (put with this sign With before it) or the caus, or the manner of doing: as, Gladio eum vulneravit; Hee wounded him with a sword: Tacuit metu, Hee held his peace for fear. Summâ eloquentiâ causam e∣git: Hee pleaded the caus with great eloquence.

2. The word of price is put after Verbs in the Ablative case: as, Vendidi auro: I sold for gold: Emptus sum argento; I am bought for silver: Ex∣cept these Genitives, when they bee put alone without Substantives: tanti, quanti, pluris, mi∣noris, tantivis, tantidem, quantilibet, quanticunque: as, Quanti mercatus es hunc equum? For how much have you bought this hors. Certè pluris quàm vellem: Truly for more then I was willing to give. But when they have Substantives, thy are put in the ablative case: as, minori pretio vendidi quàm emi: I sold for a less price than I bought.

3. Verbs of plenty, or want, ••illing, emptying, loading and unloading will have an ablative case: as, Opibus abundas Thou dost abound in ••iches. Cares virtute; Thou wantest virtue.

4. Fungor, fruor, utor, potior, gaudeo, vescor, nitor, dignor, prosequor, muto, munero, communico, affici∣o, supersedeo, and such like, require an ablative case: as, Virtute decet, non sanguine niti; It becometh us to trust to Virtue, not to blood. Utere virtute; Ʋse virtue. Nè malis gaudeas alienis; Rejoyce not in other men's evils. Vescor carnibus; I eat flesh.

5. Verbs that signifie receiving, Distance, or ta∣king away, will have an ablative case with à, ab, ex or de: as, Accepi literas à Petro: Hee received letters from Peter. Audivit ex multis; Hee heard it of many: and this ablative after Verbs of taking a∣way or distance may bee turned into the Dative: as, Eripuit illi vitam; Hee took away his life.

6. Verbs of Comparing or exceeding may have an Ablative case of the word that signifyeth the mea∣sure of exceeding: as, Praefero hunc multis gradibus: I prefer this man by many degrees. Paulo intervallo il∣lum superat; Hee is beyond the other but a little space.

7. A Noun, or Pronoun-substantive, joyned with a Participle, expressed or understood, and having none other word, whereof it may bee go∣verned, it shall bee put in the Ablative case abso∣lute: as, Rege veniente hostes fugerunt: The king coming the enemies fled. Me duce vinces; I being Cap∣tain thou shalt overcom. And it may bee resolved by any of these words, dum, cùm, quando, si, quan∣quam, postquam: as, Rege veniente, id est, dum veniret rex: Me duce, id est, Si ego dux fuero.

¶ Construction of Verbs Passives.

A Verb Passive will have after him an Ablative case with a Preposition, or somtime a Dative of the Doër: as, Virgilius legitur à me; Virgil is

read of mee; Tibi fama petatur; Let fame bee sought of you.

2. These Neuter-passives, Vapulo, veneo, li∣ceo, exulo, fio, signifying passibely, follow the rule of passives: that is to say, they will have an ablatide case with a Preposition: as, A Praeceptore vapulabis: Thou shalt bee beaten of thy master. à conviviis exulat Philosophia; Philoso∣phie is banished from banquets.

¶ The Rule of the Infinitive Mood.

VErbs of the Infinitive Mood are set after Verbs, or adjectives: as, Vis fieri dives, Pon∣tice? nîl cupias; Ponticus, wouldest thou bee made rich, thou must desire nothing. Dignus amari; worthy to bee loved.

N B. The former verb is somtimes concealed by the Figure Ellipsis: as, Haeccine fieri flagitia? ••••baudi, decet, vel oportet: Ought such villanies to bee committed? somtimes by Enallage: as, Agere gra∣tias; pro agebat; Hee gave thanks.

¶ The Rule of Gerunds.

1. GErunds and Supines will have such case: as the Verbs they come of: as, Vir docendi studiosus; A man desirous to teach. Utendum est aetate; Wee must use time. Veni auditum concionem: I came to hear a sermon.

2 Gerunds in Di, are set after certain Substan∣tives and adjectives, like as the Genitive case: as, Nunc non est narrandi locus; Now there is no place of telling. Amor sceleratus habendi; The wicked love of having. Certus eundi; Certain of going. Peritus jacu∣landi;

Skilfull in darting. But somtime the Infinitive Mood is put for the Gerund in Di; as, Peritus me∣dicari; for medicandi; Skilfull in healing, or sur∣gery.

3 The Gerund in Do is used with one of these Prepositions; à, ab, abs, de, è, ex, cum, in, pro: as, Ignavi à discendo citò deterren••ur; Idle boies are quickly frighted from learning. But somtimes they are used without a Preposition: as, Scribendo disces scribere; By writing thou shalt learn to write.

4. The Gerund in dum is used after one of these Prepositions; Inter, ante, ad, ob, propter: as, Inter coenandum hil••res este: Bee merry at Supper, But the English Must or Ought (signifying neces∣sity) may bee put in the Gerund in Dum with the verb est: as, Abeundum est mihi; I must go hence. Orandum est, u•• mens sit sana in corpore sano; Wee ought to pray, that there may bee a sound minde in a sound body.

5. Somtimes Gerunds are turned into Par∣ticiples in Dus: which agree with the Substan∣tive following them: as, Deus in faciendo homine, similitudinem suam secutus est: God, in making man, followed his own image.

¶ The Rules of Supines.

1. THe first Supine signifie's actively and is put after verbs and participles, that signifie move∣ing to a place: as, Cur te is perditum? Why goest thou about to destroy thy self.

2. The later Supine signifie's passively, and followe's Nouns adjectives: as, Factu facile; Eas•••• to bee don. Turpe dictu; Ʋnfit to bee spoken.

The Construction of Time, Space, and Place.

¶ The Rule of Time.

NOuns that betoken part of Time, bee com∣monly put in the Ablative case: as, Nocte vigilas, Luce dormis: Thou wakest by night; and sleep∣est by day. But Nouns that betoken continual term of Time, without ceasing or intermission, bee com∣monly used in the accusative case: as, Hyemem to∣tam stertis: Thou sleepest the whole winter.

¶ The Rule of Space, or distance of Place.

NOuns that betoken Space between place and place bee commonly put in the Accusa∣••ive case: as, Pedem hinc nè decesseris: Go not thou a foot from this place.

¶ The Rule of Place.

1. NOuns Appellatives, and Names of great Places are used with a Preposition, if they follow a Verb that signifieth an action in a place, to a place, from a place, or by a place: as, Vivo in Anglia▪ I'live in England. Ven•• per Galliam in Italiam; I came by France into Italie. Proficiscor ex urbe, I go out of the Citie.

2. The proper name of a place being of the first or second Declension, and the singular Number, shall bee put in the Genitive case: as, Vixit Londini, Hee lived at London. Studuit Oxoniae; Hee studied at Oxford. So likewise Humi, domi, militiae, belli

are used: as, Procumbit humi bos; The •••• fall's ••n the ground.

3. But if the proper name of a place bee of the third Declinsion, or plural Number, it shall bee put in the Dative or Ablative case: as, Militavit Carthagini, vel Carthagine; Hee was a souldier at Carthage. Athenis natus est; Hee was born at Athens. So are the common Nouns Ruri or Rure used: as, Ruri or rure educatus est; Hee was brought up in the Countrey.

4. Proper Names are put in the Accusative case, if they follow Verbs that signifie motion to a Place: as, Eo Londinum ad merces emendas; I go to London to buy wares. Concessi Cantab••igiam ad ca∣piendum ingenii cultum; I went to Cambridge to get learning. So are Rus and Domus used: as, Egorus ibo; I will go into the Countrey. Ite domum; Go yee home.

5. Proper Names are put in the Ablative case, if the Verb signifie motion from or by a place: as, Discessit Londino; Hee departed from London. Profe∣ctus est Londino (vel per Londinum) Cantabrigi∣am; Hee went by London to Cambridge. Domus and rus bee likewise so used: as, Abiit Domo; Hee went from home. Rure reversus est; Hee returned out of the Countrey.

¶ The Construction of Verbs Impersonals.

1. INterest, refert, and est for interest, require a Genitive Case of all Casual words, except meâ, tuâ, suâ, nostrâ, vestrâ and cujâ: as, Interest omnium rectè agere: It concern's all men to do rightly.

Meâ parvi, Johannis verò multum refert: It concern's mee little, but John very much.

2. Som Impersonals require a Dative case: as, Libet, licet, placet, displicet, and the like: as, peccare nemini licet: It is lawfull for no man to sin.

3. Som will have an Accusative cas•• onely: as, Juvat, decet, delectar, opor••et: as, Uxorem aedes curare decet: It becometh a wise to look after the hous.

5. Som an Accusative with a Preposition: as, Attiner, pertiner, spectar,: as, Spectat ad omnes bene vivere; It belong's to all men to live well.

5. Som will have an Accusative with a Ge∣nitive: as, Poenitet, taedet, mis••ret, pudet, piget: as, Petrum peccati poeniter; It repent's Peter of his sin. Me civitatis taedet; I am wea••y of the City.

6. A Verb Impersonal of the Passive voice hath like Case as other verbs passives have: as, ab hostibus constanter pugnatur; The enemies fight continually. Yet many times the Case is not expres∣sed but understood: as, Maximâ vi certatur; sub∣audi, ab illis: They contend with great strength.

¶ The Construction of Participles.

1. PArticiples govern sach Cases as the Verbs they com of: as, Fruiturus amicis, Like to enjoy his friends. Tendens ad sidera palmas; Holding up his hands towards Heaven.

2. Participles when they bee changed into Nouns, will have a Genitive case: as, F••••itans litium; Shunning contention. Cupientissius tuî; Most desirous of thee.

3. Exosus, perosus, and pertaesus, when they signi∣fie actively, require an Accusative case: passively, •• D••tive: as, exosus saevitiam Hating cruelty. Exosus Deo & sanctis; Hated of God and good men.

4. Natus, prognatus, satus, cretus, creatus, ortus, editus, will have an Abl••tive Case: as, bona▪ bonis prognata parentibus; A good woman, born of good parents.

¶ The Construction of Adverbs.

1. EN and Ecce, beeing Adverbs of Shewing, go∣vern a Nominative Case, seldom an Accu∣sative: But beeing adverbs of Upbraiding, an Accusative onely: as, En Priamus; Behold Priamus. En habitum: See his garb.

2. Certain Adverbs of quantity, time and place, will have a Genitive Case: as, Abunde fabularum audivimus; Wee have heard abundance of tales. Affatim pecuniae; Money enough. Tun•• temporis; That time. Quò terrarum abiit? Whither is hee gon?

3 Adverbs derived of Nouns that govern •• Dative case, govern likewise the same case: as, Ve••••t obviàm illi; Hee came to meet him. Canit simi∣liter huic; Hee sing's like him. Sibi inutiliter vivit; Hee live's unprofitably to himself. These Datives bee used adverbially: as, Tempori, luci, vesperi: as, Tempori surgendum; Wee must rise betime. Vesperi ••ubandum; Wee must go to bed at even: Luci laboran∣dum: Wee must labor by day.

4. Certain Adverbs will have an Accusative case of the preposition that they com of: as, Propiùs urbem; Neerer the city. Proximè Hispaniam, Next▪ to Spain.

5. Prepositions set without •• Case, or els

••ooming the degrees of Comparison bee changed into Adverbs

Of Adverbs which govern Moods see the Laune Syntaxis.

¶ The Construction of Conjunctions.

1. Conjunctions Copulatives and disjunctives, with these four, quàm, nisi, praeterquam, an, do commonly couple like cases in Nouns, and like Moods and Tenses in Verbs: as Xenophon & Plato fuere aequales; Xenophon and Plato were equals. Petrus & Joannes precabantur & docebant in tem∣plo, Peter and John did pray and preach in the temple.

2. Somtimes they join divers Cases, and di∣vers Tenses, as, Vixi Romae & Venetiis, I liv'd at Rome and Venice. Tibi gratias ago, agámque dum vivo▪ I give you thanks, and I will give you thanks whilst I live.

3. Cùm, tum, and tum doubled, couple like Cases: as, Amplectitur cùm eruditos omnes, tum▪ imprimis Ma••cellum: Hee embraceth all learned men, but especially Marcellus. Odit tum literas, tum virtu∣tem, Hee hateth both learning and virtue.

¶ Of Prepositions.

1. SOmtime a Preposition is not expressed, but understood, and the Casual word neverthe∣less put in the Ablative Case: as, Habeo te loco parentis, i. e. in loco, I esteem you in stead of a father.

2. A Verb compounded with a Preposition, somtimes require's the Case of the preposition that i•• is compounded withall: as, Praetere•• ••o te insalu∣tatum: I pass by thee unsaluted. Decedo magistratu: I go ••ut of my office.

¶ Of Interjections.

1. Ô An Interjection of Exclamation, require's a Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative case: as, ô festus dies! ô gladsom day! ô fortunatos agrico∣las! ô happy husbandmen! ô formose puer! ô fair boy!

2. Hei and Vae a Dative: as, Vae tibi, Wo to thee.

3. Prô, proh, ah and vah, an Accusative, and •• Vocative: as Prô fidem! ô the faith!

4. Hem and Apage an Accusative: as, hem astu∣tias! Fie upon craft. Apage istiusmodi salutem: A∣way with such Complements!

5. Heu a Nominative, Dative, and Accusative: Heu pietas! Alas the Godliness! Heu stirpem invi••am! Oh the hated stock! heu misero mihi! alas for mee poor man.

6. Interjections are often put absolutely with∣out a Case: as Quae (malum!) Dementia? What madness is this with a mischief. And sometimes they are understood: as Facinus indignum! for ô facinus indignum! ô the base pranck.

A brief Explanation of the Rules in Propria quae Maribus, and Quae Genus, concerning Nouns; and of As in Praesenti, concerning Verbs: The Declining and Conjugating whereof, the young Scholar may learn in the INDEX following; where every word comprehended in those Rules is Alphabe∣tically set down.

N. ••. THE Rudiments teach you, that a word of the Masen∣line Gender is declined with this Article Hic, the femi∣nine with Haec, the Neu∣ter with Hoc: as, Hic Vir; Haec Mulier; Hoc Regnum: But they give you not the Reason, why it is of this, or that Gender; but leav you to the Rules at Propria quae mari∣bus, &c. The Use whereof is, to teach you to know what Gender a Noun is of, and th•• Reason why it is so, and not otherwise.

THe Rules at As in praesenti, &c. ser•• to tell you the Preterperfect Tenses, and the Su∣pines of Verbs; which must bee declined accor∣ding to the Examples of the Four Congugations in the Rudiments.

And as you learn in the Rudiments, that there bee two sorts of Nouns, viz. Substantive, and Ad∣jective:

so, according to the same Method; I. You have Rules for Substantives, beginning at Propria quae maribus, &c. II. For Adjectives, beginning at Adjectiva unam, &c.

Again, as in the Rudiments, a Noun-substan∣tive is either Proper, or Common: so, I. You have Rules for Proper Names▪ beginning at Pro∣pria quae maribus, &c. II. For Common, begin∣ning at Appellativa Arborum.

Proper names are either Masculine, or Feminine.

¶ Propria quae maribus, &c. i. e.

Proper Names that belong to the Male-kinde, are of the Masculine Gender: and they are of Five sorts. I. the names Heathenish Gods; as, Mars, Bacchus, Apollo. II. of Men; ••••, Caro, Virgilius. III. of Rivers; as, Tibris, Oron•…•…. IV. of Months; as, October. V. of Windes; as, Lib••▪ No••us, Auster.

¶ Propria foemineum, &c. i. e.

Proper Names, which belong to the Female∣kinde, are of the Feminine Gender: and they are of Five sorts, I. of Heathernish Goddesses; as, Juno, Venus. II▪ of women; as, Anna. Philotis. III. of Cities, as ••lis. Opus. IV. of Countries, as Graecia, Persis. V. of Islands, as Creta, Britannia, Cyprus.

Som Names of Cities are excepted, as Agra∣gas, masc. Argos, Tybur, Praeneste, neut. and Anxur, bath masc. and neut.

¶ Appellativa arborum, &c. i. e.

The Common names of Trees are of the Fe∣minine Gender, as Alnus, cupressus, cedrus. Except

pinus and Oleaster, of the Masc. and siler, suber, thus, robur and acer of the Neut.

¶ Sunt etiam valucrum, &c. i. e.

The Common Names of 1 Birds: 2 wilde Beasts: 3 and Fishes are of the Epicene Gender, as Pas••er, hirundo, tigris, vulpes, ostrea, cetus.

¶ Omne quod exit in um, &c. i. e.

All Nouns that end in um, whether Greek or Latine, proper or common, and a Noun undecli∣ned are of the Neuter Gender: as Londinum, Ebo∣racum, regnum; except Proper names of women, according to the Rule of De••pauterius,

Um neutrum po••as, hominum si propria tollas.

N. B. The Genders of Nouns are better known by the Genitive case; according to the Three Special Rules.

There bee Three Special Rules, thus distinguished.

I. Prima non crescit omnin••: i. e. The First doth not increas at all.

II. Secunda crescit acuté: i. e. The Second en∣crease's Long.

III. Tertia crescit graviter: i. e. Third encreas∣eth Short.

I. Special Rule.

¶ Nomen non crescens, &c. i. e.

A Noun that doth not ••ntreas in the Genitive case, is of the Feminine Gender: as, Caro, carnis; nubes, nubis; capra, caprae.

N. B. Non crescere in Genitivo, est pares habere Syllabas in Nominativo ac in Genitivo. i. e. Not To encreas, is to have like Syllables in the Nominative and the Genitive: as caro, car∣nis.

Crescere, est plures habere syllabas in Ge∣nitivo quàm in Nominativo. i. e. To encreas, is to have more Syllables in the Genitive than in the Nominative: as, pietas, pie∣tátis.

¶ Mascula Nomina in a, &c. i. e.

Nouns in a, signifying the Offices of men, are excepted from the first Special Rule, though they do not encreas, and are Masculine: as Scriba, asse∣cla, &c.

2. Nouns ending i•• a, which are derived of Greek nouns of the first Declension, ending in as, or es: as Satrapas, Satrapa: athletes, athleta.

3. Likewise these words, not encreasing, are of the masculine gender: as Verres, natalis, aqualis: words compounded of As, as centussis: lienis, orbis, &c.

4. Words ending in er, in os, and us, not encreasing, are of the masculine gender: as Venter, logos, annus. Except Mater, humus, domus, colus, ficus, acus, por∣ticus, socrus, nurus, manus, idus, anus, vannus: and Greek words, which change os in Greek, into us in Latine: as papyrus, antidotus, &c.

¶ Neutrum nomen in e, &c. i. e.

Nouns that end in e, making is in the Genitive case: Nouns that end in on or um, not encreasing: as Mare, rete, barbiton, ovum: likewise, Hippomanes,

cacoëthes, virus, pelagus, are of the neuter Gender. But Vulgus is of the Masculine and neuter.

¶ Incerti generis &c. i. e.

These words, not encreasing, are of the doubt∣full Gender: as Talpa, dama, canalis &c.

¶ Compositum •• verbo &••. i. e.

A Noun ending in a, compounded of a Verb, not increasing, is of the common of two: as Gra∣jugena, agricola, advena: and so likewise Senex, auriga, &c.

II. Special Rule.

¶ Nomen crescentis penultima si Genitivi Syllaba acuta sonat, &c. i. e.

A Noun, whose last Syllable but one encreas∣eth long in the Genitive case, is of the Feminine Gender.

N. B. Acutè crescere, est penultimam acúere, vel elevare, vel attollere in pronunciando: i. e. To encreas long, is to lift up the last syl∣lable but one in pronouncing, or to pro∣nounce it sharp: as virtus, virtútis; pietas, pietátis.

¶ Mascula dicuntur monosyllaba &c. i. e.

These Nouns of one syllable, encreasing long, are of the Masculine Gender: as Sal, sol, &c.

2. Nouns of many syllables, ending in n: as, Acarnan, lichen, delphin.

3. Nouns ending in o, signifying a body: as, leo, curculio▪ and likewise, senio, ternio, sermo.

4. Nouns ending in er, or, and os, encreasing long: as Crater, conditor, Heros.

So torrens, &c. many ending in dens: as bi∣dens: so all other nouns in that Rule: except Syren, mulier, soror, uxor: which are of the femi∣nine Gender. But mulier belong's to the Third Special Rule, becaus it encrease's short.

¶ Sunt neutralia & haec monosyllaba &c., i. e.

These nouns, encreasing long, are of the neuter gender: as mel, fel, &c—and nouns of more syllables, which end in al and ar: as capital, la∣qucar. Halec is of the feminine and neut▪ in the singular Number, and of the feminine onely in the Plural:

¶ Sunt dubia haec Python, &c. i. e.

These nouns, encreasing long, are of the doubt∣full gender: Python, scrobs, &c.

¶ Sunt commune, parens, &c. i. e.

These nouns, encreasing long, are of the Com∣mune of two genders: as parens, &c.

III. Special Rule.

¶ Nomen crescentis penultima si Genitivi Sit Gravis, &c. i. e.

A Noun, whose last syllable but one encreaseth short in the Genitive, is of the Masculine Gen∣der.

N. B. Crescere graviter, est deprimere penulti∣mam in pronunciando: i. e. To encreas short [or flat] is, to press down the last syllable save One in pronouncing: as Sanguis, sanguĭnis.

¶ Foeminei generis sit hyperdissyllabon, &c. i. e.

Nouns of more than two syllables ending in do, makeing dinis in the Genitive case; and in go, makeing ginis, encreasing short, are of the ••em. gender: dulcedo,—dĭnis: compago,—gĭnis▪ so likewise virgo, &c.

2. Greek words which end in as, or is: as, Lam∣pas, iaspis: so cassis, cuspis, pecus, ŭdis; forfex, &c. Jungenda his mulier, propriâ si classe locabis.

¶ Est neutrale genus, &c. i. e.

Nouns signifying a thing without life, encreas∣ing short, and ending either in a, en, ar, ur, us, or put, are the neuter gender: as, Problema, o∣men, jubar, jecur, onus, occiput: yet pecten and furfur are masculines.

So, likewise cadaver, and the rest in that Rule.

¶ Sunt dubii generis &c. i. e.

These Nouns, encreasing short, are of the Doubtfull gender: as cardo &c.

¶ Communis generis sunt ista &c. i. e.

These Nouns, encreasing short, are of the Com∣mune of two: as vigil, pugil &c.

Rules for Adjectives.

¶ Adjectiva unam &c. i. e.

ADjectives that have but one Termination, are of all three Genders: as, hic, haec & hoc Felix, audax.

¶ Sub gemina si voce cadant &c. i. e.

If Adjectives, have two terminations, the first Termination is the Commune of▪ two: the second, the neuter: as Hic & haec omnis, & hoc omne.

¶ At si tres variant voces &c. i. e.

If an Adjective hath three terminations; the First is the masculine Gender; the Second, the feminine; the Third, the neuter: as bonus, na, num.

¶ At sunt quae flexu &c. i. e.

There are words, which are Adjectives by na∣ture and use; and yet are declined like Substan∣tives with two articles: as pauper, puber &c. though som of them are found in the neuter Gen∣der.

¶ H••c proprium quendam &c. i. e.

These Adjectives have a peculi•••• manner of declineing, differing from the common form: as campester, volucer &c.—See them severally in the Index.

Quae Genus explained.

¶ Quae genus aut flexum &c. i. e.

HEteroclit•• [i. e. words of another manner of declining; or words declined otherwise than the ordina∣ry manner] are of three sorts:

I. Variantia genus, aut flexum: i. e. Such as varie their Gender, or Declension.

II. Defectiva: i. e. Such as want som Case or Number.

III. Redundantia: i. e. Such as abound; or have overmuch.

I. VARIANTIA GENUS.

¶ Haec genus ac partim &c.—i e.

These two words Pergamus and Supellex are feminine singular: neuter plural.

¶ Dat prior his numerus &c—i e.

These words, Rastrum, fraenum, filum, and capi∣strum, are of the Neut. gen. in the singular Numb. Mase. and neut. plural.

But Coelum and Argos are neut. in the singular: masculine onely in the plural.

Nundinum, epulum, and Balneum, are neuters in the sing. numb. feminines onely in the plural: but Juvenal hath Balnea.

¶ Haec maribus dantur &c. i. e

These Nouns are masculines ••ngular; neu∣ters plural: as Maenalus, Dindymus, Ismarus, Tarta∣rus, Ta••ygetus, Taenarus, Massicus, Gargarus.

But Sibilus, jocus, locus, and Avernus, are masculines in the singular: masculines and neu∣ters in the plural.

II. DEFECTIVA.

¶ Quae nullum variant casum &c. i e.

These words are Aptotes, which vary or change no case: as fas, nîl, nihil, instar: also many ending in u or i: as cornu, genu, gummi, frugi: so likewise Tempe of the plural numb. undeclined: so tot and quot; and all numbers, from three to an hundred: as quatuor, quinque, sex &c—

¶ Estque Monoptoton &c. i. e.

These words are Monoptetes, which have but one case onely: as noctu, naru, jnssu, injussu, astu••per∣missu. But astus is read in the plur. and inficias onely in the Accusative case plur.

¶ Sunt Diptota &c i. e.

These words are Diptotes, which are declined with two cases onely: as fors, for••e▪ spontis, spon∣te: plus, pluris: repetundarum, ••epetundis: juge∣ris, jugere: verberis, verbere: suppetiae, sup••etias: tantundem, tantidem: impetis, impete: whereof

four have the plural number in all cases: viz. Ver∣beris, vicem, plus, and jugere.

¶ Tres quibus inflectis casus &c. i. e.

These words are Triptotes, which are declined in three cases onely: as Precis, precem, prece: opis, opem, ope: But frugis and ditionis seem to want the Nom. case. Vis want's onely the Dative case sing. But all have the plur. Num. whole.

¶ Quae referunt &c. i. e.

These Nouns want the Vocative case: viz. 1. Relatives; as qui: 2. Interrogatives; as ecquis: 3. Distributives; as nullus▪ neuter, omnis: 4. Indefinites; as quilibet, alter: 5. All Pro∣nouns, except four, noster, nostras, meus, and tu.

¶ Propria cuncta notes &c. i. e.

All proper names (becaus they signifie but one, and no more) want the plural number: as Mars, Cato &c—and other things comprehended in this distick, viz.

1. Propria. 2. Virtutes. 3. Artes. 4. Pensa. 5. Uda. 6. Figura.

7. Morbi. 8. Herbae. 9. Vitia. 10. Aetates. 11. Fru∣menta. 12. Metalla. as 1 Guilielmus, Thomas: 2 prudentia, justitia: 3 Grammanica, Logica: 4 Piper, saccharum: 5 Aromatica: 6 Metaphora, Synedoche: 7 Ce∣phalalgia, podagra: 8 amaranthus, amaracus: 9 Desidia, avaritia: 10 juventa, Senectus: 11 rriticum; 12 aurum, ferrum.

¶ Hordea, farra, forum. &c. i. e.

These words of the neuter gender, have three like cases in the plural Numb. viz. Nom. ••c••••s. and Voc. as Hordeum, far, forum &c—

Hordea, farra, forum, mel, mulsum, defruta, th••sque, Jus, mare, rus, vinúmque, os—oris dans genitivo Tres tantùm similes voces pluralia servant.

¶ Hesperus, & vesper &c. i. e.

These masculines singul▪ want the plural: viz. Hesperus, vesper, pontus, limus, fimus, penus, sanguis, aether, nemo.

¶ Singula foeminei generis &c. i. e.

These feminines singular want the plural: as pubes, salus, talio, indoles &c—

But Soboles and labes, and all words of the fift Declension hav•• three like cases in the plural, viz. the Nom. accus. voc. except res, species, facies, acies, and dies, which have the plural whole.

¶ Nec licet his neutris &c. i. e.

These Neuters singul. want the plural: as De∣licium, senium &c.

¶ Mascula sunt tantùm &c. i. e.

These Masculines want the singular number: as Manes, majores &c.

¶ Hoec sunt foeminei generis &c. i. e.

These feminines want the singular Number: as Exuviae, phalerae &c.

¶ Rariùs haec primo &c. i. e.

These Neuters want the singular Number: as Moenia, tesqua &c.

III. Redundantia.

¶ Haec quasi luxuriant &c. i. e.

These words have divers Terminations, De∣clining and Gender: as clypeus, clypeum &c.

¶ Sed tibi praeterea &c. i. e.

Certain Greek words from their accusative case create a new nominative: as;

Panther—ēris: Acc. Panthēra: Nom. Panthēra; ae.

Crater—ēris: Acc. cratēra: Nom. cratēra; ae.

Cassis—ĭdis: Acc. cassĭda: Nom. cassïda▪ ae.

Aether—ĕris: Acc. aethĕra: Nom. aethĕra; ae.

¶ Vertitur his rectus &c. i. e.

These words varie the termination of the No∣minative case; but keep the same signification and gender: as Gibbus, i: and gibber—ĕris; mas∣culine; &c.

¶. Haec simul & quarti &c. i. e.

These words are of the second and fourth De∣clension: as Laurus; i, and ûs; &c.

¶ Et quae lu••uriant &c. i. e.

There bee many Adj••ctives redundant: but esp••∣cially those that are derived of these words; A••∣ma, jugum &c—as of Arma, ōrum cometh iner∣mus,

a, um: and inermis, me. Of jugum; bijugus, a, um; and bijugis, e: multijugus, a, um; and mul∣tigugis, e. Of N••••vus, i; enervus, a, um: and enervis, c. Of somnus, i; insomnus, a, um; and insomnis, e.; and semisomnis; and us, a, um. Of clivus, i; ac••livus▪ a, um; and acelivis, e: decli∣vis; proclivis. Of animus, i; aequanimus; and aequanimis▪ exanimus, and exanimis: inanimus, and is; pusillanimus, and is; una••i••us, and is. Of 〈…〉〈…〉, i; 〈…〉〈…〉, and illimis: sublimbs; and sublimis. Of frenum, i; effrenus, and effrenis. Of ••e••a; ••••••∣cerus. Of bacillum, imbecillus, vel imbecillis.

As in praesenti explained.

¶ As in presenti &c. i. e.

VErbs of the first Conjugation, having the Termination As in the Present Cens, make avi in the Preterperfect Cens: as no—••••s, navi: vocito, as, avi: Except lavo, as, lavi (not la∣vavi) juvo, as, juvi &c.

¶ Es in pr••senti &c. i. e.

Verbs of the second Congugation, having Es in the present tens, make •••• in the 〈…〉〈…〉 t••••s: as Nigreo, nigres, nigrui: Except jubeo, es, jussi &c. and all other excepted in that Rule: for which lo••k the Index.

¶ Terti•• pr••teritum &c. i e.

Verbs of the third Conjugation, form their pre∣terperfect tens according to the termination of the present tens: as;

Bo the termination in the present tens. make's Bi in the preterperfect tens: as Lambobi: except scribo scri••si; nubo nupsi; and cumbo cub••••.

Co is made ci: as vinco vici: except pa••co which make's peperci and parsi; dico di••i; duco duxi.

Do is made di: as mando di: But scindo make's scidi; findo fidi; fundo fudi; tundo turŭdi; pen∣do pependi; tendo tetendi; pedo pepēdi; cado cecĭdi; caedo cecīdi; cedo cessi; vado vasi; ra∣do rasi; laedo laesi; ludo lusi; divido divisi; trudo trusi; claudó clausi; plaudo plausi; rodo rosi.

Go is made xi: as jungo junxi: But if r bee set before go, then it is made si: as spargo sparsi: But these words ending in go make gi: lego legi; ago egi; tango te••ĭgi; pungo punxi and pupugi; frango fregi; pango pepigi; pango pegi; pango panxi.

Ho is made xi: as traho traxi; veho vexi.

Lo is mode uï: as colo coluï: But psallo and sallo make salli; vello velli and vulsi, fallo fefelli; cello ceculi; pello pepuli.

Mo is made uï: as vomo vomui: But emo make's emi; como compsi; promo prompsi; demo dempsi; sumo sumpsi; premo pressi.

No is made vi: as sino sivi: except temno tempsi; sterno stravi; sperno sprevi; cerno crevi; gigno genui; pono posui; cano cecĭni.

Po is made psi: as scalpo scalpsi: except rumpo rupi; strepo strepui; crepo crepui.

Quo is made qui: as linquo liqui: except coquo coxi.

Ro is made vi: as sero (pro planto & semino) sevi; sero (pro ordino) seruï; verto verti & versi; uro ussi; gero gessi; quaero quaesivi; tero trivi; curro cucurri.

So makes sivi: as accerso accersivi; arcesso, inces∣so, lacêsso, sivi: capesso capessi and capessivi; facesso facessi; viso visi: but pinso sui.

Sco makes vi: as pasco pavi: posco poposci; disco didici; quinisco quexi.

To is made ti: as verto verti; but sisto (pro facio

stare) make's stiti; mitto misi; peto petivi (Syn. petii) sterto ster••ui; meto messui.

Ecto make's exi▪ as flecto flexi; pecto pexi and pexui; necto nexi and nexui.

Vo make's vi: as volvo volvi: except vivo vixi; nexo nexui; and texo texui.

Gio make's ci: as facio feci; jacio jeci; old verb lac••o lexi; specio spexi.

Dio make's di: as fodio fodi.

Gio make's gi: as fugio fugi.

Pio make's pi: as capio cepi: except cupio cupivi; rapio rapui; sapio sapui and sapivi.

Rio makes ri: as, pario peperi.

Tio make's ssi: as quatio quassi.

U•• mak'es ui: as statuo statui; pluo plui or pluvi; struo struxi; fluo fluxi.

¶ Quarta dat is, ivi; &c. i. e.

VErbs of the fourth Conjugation, having is in the present reui, making ivi in the preterfect tens: as scio, scis, scivi: except venio veni; cambio campsi; ••aucio rausi &c.

¶ Praeteritum dat idem &c. i. e:

THe Compound Verb hath the some preter••er∣fect tens with the simple Verb: as doceo do∣cui▪ edoceo edocui.

But the syllable which is doubled in the preter∣perfect tens of the simple verb, is not doubled in the compound: as spondeo spopondi; respondeo respon∣di; not respopondi: except praecurro praecucurri▪ excurro excucu••ri; repungo repupugi and repunxi: and the compounds of Do, disco, sto, and posco: as pessundo pessundedi; dedisco dedidici; persto per∣stiti; deposco depoposci.

When Plico is componded with sub or a Noun, it

make's avi: as, supplico supplicavi; multiplico, avi: But applico, complico, replico, and explico make u•• or avi.

Though Oleo make's olui▪ Yet the Compounds thereof will rather make olevi: but ••edoleo make's redolui, and suboleo subolui.

The compounds of Pungo make punxi: as com∣pungo, dispungo, expungo, interpungo: onely re∣pungo make's repupugi and repunxi.

The compounds of Do, when they are of the th•••••• Conjug••••ion, make didi, not dedi: as addo addidi, credo credidi, &c—onely abs••ondo make's abscondi.

The compounds of Sto make stiti: as consto, as, constiti; obsto, as, stiti▪ praesto, as, stiti &c.

¶ Verba haec simplicia &c. i. e.

THese Verbs damno, lacto &c. if they bee com∣pounded, change their first Vowel into e: as damno condemno, lacto illecto, sacro consecro, fallo re∣••ello, arceo co••rceo, tracto de••ecto, fatiscor defetiscor, partio impertio, carpo decerpo, patro perpetr••, scando ascendo, descendo; spargo inspergo, pario comperio, com∣peri▪ reperio reperi, aperio aperui▪ operio operui.

The compounds of Pasco keep the Preterperfect tens of the ••••mple Verb: as epasco, depasco: except compesco, ui; and dispesco▪ ui.

¶ Haec, habeo, la••••o &c i. e.

THese Verbs compounded change the first Vom∣el into i: as habeo inhib••o, cohibeo (except post∣habeo and antehabeo) la••eo deliteo▪ salio insilio, de∣silio, re••ilio; staruo constituo, restituo; cado occîdo▪ recĭdo: l••do illîdo, collîdo; pango pegi, compingo, impingo; cano con••ino, qu••ro inquir••, c•••••• in••îdo,

concido; tango contingo; egeo indigeo, tenco conti∣neo, detineo, retineo; taceo conticeo, reticeo; s••••i•• insip••o, desipio; R••pio ••ripio, corrip••o.

2. The compounds of Cano make the preterper∣fect Tens in ui: as concino concinui.

3. The Compounds of Placeo change the first vowel into i: except complaceo and perplaceo.

4. These four compounds of pango pegi change not the first vowel: as Dep••••go, oppango, circumpango, repango.

5 These four Compounds of Man••o mansi, change the first vowel into i, and form their Pre∣terperfect tens in minui: as pr••mineo pr••minui, emi∣neo eminui, promineo prominui, immineo immi••••••: O∣ther Compounds of man••o keep the Form of the simple verb: as permaneo perman••••.

6. The compounds of Scalpo, calco, salto change a into u: as exc••lp••, inculc••, resu••••o.

7. The compounds of claudo, qu••tio, lavo, cast away a; as occludo, excludo; percutio, excutio; prol••••, diluo.

¶ Haec si compon•••• &c. i. e

THese Verbs, Ago, emo, sedeo &c. beeing com∣pounded▪ change the ••••••st vowel of the Present tens into i: but not of the Preterperfect tens▪ as of Ago egi, exigo—egi; of emo emi, r••dimo rede••i; of sedeo sedi, consideo—edi; of rego, ••rrigo, corrigo, dirigo, erigo—rexi; of frango, confringo, refringo—egi; of capio cepi, incipio—epi, concipio—epi; of ••acio ••eci, conjicio—••ci; of lacio lexi, allic••o—••xi; of specio spexi, despicio—exi; of premo pressi, opprimo oppressi.

But Perago and satago are ••••••••••ned like the simple verb ago.

Dego and côgo compounded of Ago: and pergo and surgo combounded of rego, cast away the middle syllable; and for deago and coago, wee say dego and côgo—ēgi; for perrego and surrego, wee say, pergo and surgo, perrexi and surrexi.

Facio, compounded with a preposition, change's the first vowel into i: otherwise not: as officio, con∣ficio, deficio, efficio, inficio, interficio, officio, perficio, praficio, proficio, reficio: Benefacio, malefacio, olfacio, calfacio &c.

Lego, compounded with re, se, per, prae, sub, trans, keep's e in the Present tens: as relego, perlego, praelego, sublego, translego: the rest of the compounds of lego change the first vowel into i: as colligo, deligo, eligo, diligo, intelligo, negligo, seligo: whereof diligo, intelligo, and negligo make lexi: the rest legi.

¶ Nunc expraeterito &c. ie.

The Supine is formed of the preterperfect tens; by changing the termination into the termina∣tion of the Supine: as,

Bi the termination in the preterperfect tens make's tum in the Supine: as of bibo bibi, the Supine is bibitum.

Ci is made ctum: as Vinco vici victum, ico ici ictum, facio feci factum, jacio jeci jactum.

Di is made sum: as video visi visum: and som double ss: as pando pandi passum▪ sedeo sedi ses∣sum, scindo scidi scissum, findo fidi fissum, fodio fodi fossum.

N. B. But the syllable which is doubled in the preterperfect tens is not doubled in the Su∣piries: as Tondeo totondi tonsum; caedo ce∣cidi caesum, cado cecĭdi casum, tendo teten∣di tensum and tentum, tundo tutudi tun∣sum, pedo pepēdi peditum, do dedi datum.

Gi is made ctum: as Lego legi lectum, pango pegi and pepigi pactum, frango fregi fractum, tango tetigi tact••m, ago egi actum, pungo pupugi pun∣ctum, fugio fugi fugitum.

Li is made sum: as sallo salli salsum, pello pepuli pulsum, cello ceculi culsum, fallo fefelli falsum, vello, velli and vulsi, vulsum; fero tuli latum.

Mi, ni, pi, qui, are made tum: as emo emi emptum, venio veni ventum, cano cecini cantum, capio ce∣pi captum, coepio coepi coeptum, rumpo rupi ru∣ptum, linquo liqui lictum.

Ri is made sum: as Verro verri versum, pario peperi partum.

Si is made sum: as Viso visi visum, mitto misi mis∣sum, fulcio fulsi fultum, haurio hausi haustum, sarcio sarsi sartum, farcio farsi▪fartum, uro ussi ustum, gero gessi gestum, torqueo torsi tortum & torsum, indulgeo indulsi indultum & indulsum.

Psi is made tum: as scribo scripsi scriptum, cambio campsi campsum.

Ti is made tum: as Sto steti statum, sisto stiti sta∣tum, verto verti versum.

Vi is made tum: as flo flavi flatum, pasco pavi pa∣stum, lavo lavi lotum, lautum and lavatum, poto potavi potum and potatum, faveo favi fautum, caveo cavi cautum, sero sevi satum, lino limi livi litum, solvo solvi solutum, volvo volvi volutum, singultio singultivi singultum: venio venivi ve∣num, sepelio sepelivi sepultum.

Ui make's itum as domo domui domitum, except ex∣uo exui exutum, induo indui indutum, ruo rui rui∣tum, seco secui sectū, neco necui nectum, frico fricui frictum, misceo miscui mistum, amicio amicui ami∣ctum, torreo torrui tostum, doceo docui doctum, teneo tenui tentum, consulo consului consultum, alo alui alitum and altum, salio salui saltum, colo

colui cultum, occulo occul••i occultum, pinso pinsui pistum, rapio rapui raptum, sero serui ser∣tum, texo texui textum.

But these Verbs change ••i into sum: as Censeo censui censum, cello cellui celsum, meto messui mestum, nexo nexui nexum, p••xo pexui pexum, pateo pat••i passum, careo carui cas••um and ca∣ritum.

Xi is made ctum: as vincio Vinxi vinctum▪ But five cast away n: as fingo finxi fictum, mingo minxi mictum, pingo pinxi pictum, stringe strinxi strictum, ringo rinxi rictum.

These four verbs make xum, viz. Flecto flexi flexum, plecto plexi plexum, figo fixi fi∣ctum, fluo fluxi fluxum.

¶ Compositum u•• simplex &c. i. e.

THe Supine of the compound Verb is formed as the Supine of the simple Verb: as Voco vo∣cavi atum: so invoco invocavi invocatum; doceo do∣cui doctum, edoc••o edocui edoctum.

Yet som compound Supines have not the same syllible which the simple have: for of tundo tutudi tunsum, the compounds make tusu••: as, contundo contudi contusum; pertundo pertudi pertusum; of ruo rui ruitum, the compounds make rutum: as corruo corrui corrutum; eruo erui erutum: of salio salui saltum, the compounds make sultum: as insilio insilui insul••um: of sero sevl s••tum, the compounds make situm: as insero insevi insitum▪ consero consevi consitum.

These Supines captum, factum. &c▪ change a into ••, when they are compounded: as of capio cepi captum, incipio incepi inceptum; recipio recepi re¦ceptum: of facio feci factum, inficio in••eci infectum: of jacio ••eci jactum▪ ejicin ejēci ejectum &c—of rapio ••••pui rap••um, eripio eripui ereptum: of cap•• cecini

cantum, concino concinui concentum; of pario pepe••i partum, comperio compe••i compertum; of spargo sparsi sparsum, conspergo conspers•• conspersum; of carpo carpsi carptum, decerpo decerpsi decerptum; of farcio farsi fartum, infercio infersi infertum.

The compounds of Edo make esum in the Su∣pine,▪ not estum, as exēdi exēdi, exesum exesu: but comēdo comēdi, make's both comestum and comesum.

The compounds of Nosco make notum in the Supine: as pernosco pernovi pernotum: But cognosco cognovi make's cognītum, and agnosco agnovi agnī∣tum.

¶ Verba in Or admittunt &c. ie.

VErbs Passives in Or do form their Prete•••• perfect Cens of theiater Supine ••••••ive, by changing u into us, and adding sum vel fui, •••• of Lectu is made Lectus sum vel fui.

But Verbs Deponents, and Verbs Commune do form a Preterperfect Cens of themselvs, becaus they have no Verb Active, of whose Supine they might bee formed: as Labor lapsus, patior passus, comparior compassus &c.

¶ Prateritum Active &c. i. e.

These Verbs have a Preterperfect Cens both of the Active and Passive voice: as Coeno coenavi & coenatus sum, juro jutavi & juratus sum, poto potavi & potus sum, titubo titubavi & titubatus sum, careo carui & cassus sum, prand••o prandi & prassus sum, pateo patui & passus sum, placeo pla∣cui & placitus sum, suesco suevi & suetus sum, veneo venivi & venditus sum, nubo nupsi & nupt•• sum (not nuptus, because it is onely proper to a woman, for a man •••• s•••• duce••e uxor••••) m••••••or mer••l

& meritus sum, libet libuit & libitum est vel fuit, licet licuit licitum est vel fuit, taedet taeduit & per∣taesum est vel fuit, pudet puduit & puditum est vel fuit, piget piguit & pigitum est vel fuit.

¶ Neutropassivum &c. i. e.

VErbs Neuter-passives (i. e. Verbs that have an active termination in the Present tens) form their▪ Preterperfect tens like a Verb Passive: as Gaudeo gavisus sum, fido fisus sum, audeo ••usus sum, fio fis factus sum, soleo solitus sum, meereo moestus sum. But Phocas (the Grammarian) saith moestus is a Noun Adjective.

¶ Quaedam praeteritum verba &c. i. e.

SOm Verbs have no Preterperfect tens of their own, but borrow it of others, viz.

Inceptives in sco, standing for their Primitive, borrow their Preterperfect ten•• of that Primitive for which they stand: as tepesco tepui of tepeo: fer∣vesco fervi of ferveo.

So likewise cerno cernis vldi, of video: quatio is, concussi of concutio; ferio is, percussi of percutio; meio is, minxi of mingo; sido is, sedi of sedeo; tollo is, sustuli of suffero; sum es, fui of fuo; fero fers, tuli of tulo; * 1.1 Sisto is, steti of sto; furo is, insanivi of i••sanio; Vescor ĕris, vel ĕre, pastus sum of pascor; medeor ••ris vel ēre, me∣dicatus fum, à medicor; liquor ĕris vel ĕre, liquefactus sum of liquefio; reminiscor ĕris vel ĕre, recordatus sum of recordor.

¶ Praeteri••um sugiunt &c. i. e.

THese words want their preterperfect tens, vergo, ambigo, glis••o, fatisco, polleo, nideo.

2. Verbs Inteptives: as puerasco, senesco, di∣esco, advesperasco &c.

3. All Passives whose Actives want the Su∣pines: as metuor, timeor.

4. All Meditatives, which signifie a desire: as scripturio: Except parturio and esurio, which make parturivi, and esurivi.

¶ Haec rarò aut nunquam &c. i. e.

THese Verbs seldom or never have the Su∣pines: viz. Lambo, mico, rudo, scabo, parco, dispesco, posco, disco, compesco, quinisco, dego, ango, sugo, lingo, ningo, satago, psallo, volo, nolo, malo, tremo, strideo, strido, flaveo, liveo, aveo, pa∣veo, conn••veo, ferveo.

2. The compounds of Nuo: as annuo, abnuo, in∣nuo, renuo.

3. The compounds of Cado ▪ as accĭdo, concĭdo, decĭdo, excĭdo, incĭdo, intercĭdo, procĭdo: Except occido which make's occasum; and recĭdo which make's recasum.

4. Likewise, Respuo, linquo, luo, metuo, cluo, frigeo, calvo, sterto, timeo, Luceo, and arceo, the compounds whereof make ercĭtum; as co••rceo, es, uï, ••tum: exerceo, es, ui, ercĭtum.

So the compound of Gruo: as congruo, ingruo.

6. And generally all Verbs Neuter of the se∣cond Conjugation, whose Preterperfect Tens end's in uï, except these following, Oleo, doleo, placeo, taceo, pareo, careo, noceo, pateo, lateo, valeo, and caleo; for these have the Supines.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Sisto is, stiti, statum, pro stare; verb. nent. Sisto is, steti, statum, pro facio stare, active.