Purchas his pilgrimes. part 4 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. VI.

Noua Scotia. The Kings Patent to Sir WILLIAM ALEXANDER Knight, for [ 50] the Plantation of New Scotland in America, and his proceedings therein; with a description of Mawooshen for better know∣ledge of those parts.

IAcobus Dei gratia Magnae Brittanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae Rex fidei{que} defensor: Omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Clericis & laicis salutem. Sciatis nos sem∣per ad quamlibet quae ad decus & emolumentum regni nostri Scotia spectaret occasio∣nem amplectendum fuisse intentos, ••••llamque aut faciliorem aut magis innoxiam ac∣quisitionem [ 60] censere, quàm quae inexteris & incultis regnis vbi vitae & victui suppectunt commode neuis deducendis Colonijs factu sit; praesertim si vel ipsa regna cultoribus prius vacua, vel ab infidelibus, quos ad Christianam conuerti fidem & Dei gloriam interest plurimum,

insessa fuerint. Sed cum & alia nonnulla regna, & haec non it a pridem nostra Anglia landabiliter sua nomina nouis terris acquisitis sed in se subactis indiderunt, quam numerosa & frequens diuino beneficio haec gens, haec tempestate sit nobiscum reputantes, quamque honesto aliquo & vtili cultu eam studiose ex∣ercerine in deteriora ex ignauia & otio prolabatur expediat plerosque in nouam deducendos regionem quam Colonijs compleant, operaepretium duximus qui & animi promptitudine & alacritate corporumque robore & viribus qu••••uscunque difficultatibus, si qui alij mortalium vspiamse audiant opponere, hunc co∣natum huic regno maxime idoneum inde arbitramur quod virorum tantummodo & mulierum iumento∣rum & frumenti, non etiam pecuniae transuectionem postulat, neque incommodam ex ipsius regni merci∣bus retributionem hoc tempore cum negotiatio adeo imminuta sit, possit reponere. Hisce de causis sicuti & propter bonum fidele & gratum dilecti nostri consiltarij Domini Willelmi Alexandri eq••itis seruitium no∣bis [ 10] praestitum & praestandum, qui proprijs impensis ex nostratibus primus externam hanc coloniam du∣cendam conatus sit, diuer sasque terras infra designatis limitibus circumscriptas incolendas expetiuerit. Nos igitur ex regali nostra ad Christanam religionem propagandam & ad opulentiam, prosperitatem, pacemque naturalium nostrorum subditorum dicti regni nostri Scotiae acquirendam cura, sicuti alij Prin∣cipes extranei in talibus casibus hactenus fecerunt, cum anisamento & consensu praedicti nostri con∣sanguinei & consiliarij Ioannis Comitis de Marr Domini Er••kene & Garrioche summi nostri The sau∣rarij computorum rotulator is collectoris ac The saurarij nouarum nostrarum augmentationum huius Reg∣ni nostri Scotiae, ac reliquorum dominorum nostrorum Commissionariorum ciusdem Regni nostri, dedi∣mus concessimus & disposumus, tenoreque praesentie chartae nostrae damus concedimus & d••sponimus prae∣facto Domino Willelmo Alexandro, haredibus suis vel assignatis quibuscunque haereditariè omnes & [ 20] singulas terras continentis ac insulas situatas & iacentes in America, intra caput seu promontorium communiter Cap. de Sable appellatum iacens prope latitudinem quadraginta trium graduum aut ab co circa, ab aequinoctiali linea versus septentrionem, à quo promontorio versus littus maris tendentis ad oc∣cidentem ad stationem Sanctae Mariae na••ium (vulgo S. Maries Bay) & deinceps versus septentrio∣nem per directam lineam introitum siue o••tium magnae illius stationis nauium traijcientem quae excurrit in terrae orientalem plagam inter Regionis Suriquorum & Etechemmorum (vulgo Suriquois & Etechemi∣nes) ad fluuium vulgo nomine Santae Crucis appellatum: Et ad scaturiginem remotissimam siue fontem ex occidentali parte eiusdem qui se primum praedicto flu••io immiscet, vnde per imaginariam directam lineam quae pergere per terram seu currere versus septentrionem concipietur ad proximam nauium stationem, fluuium vel scaturiginem in magno flunio de Cannada sese exonerantem. Et ab co pergendo versus ori∣entem [ 30] per maris oras littorales eiusdem fluuij de Cannada ad fluuium stationem nauium portum aut littus communiter nomine de Gachepe vel Gaspie notum & appellatū, Et deinceps versus Euronotum ad insulas Bacalaos vel Cap. Briton vocatas Relinquendo casdem Insulas à dextra & voraginem dicti magni fluuij de Cannada siue magne stationis na••ium & terras de New-found-land, cum insulis ad easdem ter∣ras pertinentibus à sinistra. Et deinceps ad Caput siue promentorum de Cap. Briton praedictum iacens prope latitudinem quadraginta quinque gradnum aut eo circa. Et à dicto promentorio de Cap. Briton versus meridiem & Occidentem ad praedictum Cap. Sable vbi incipit per ambulatio includenda & compre∣henda intra dictas maris oras littorales ac carum circumferentias à mari ad omnes terras continentis cum fluminibus torrentibus, sinubus, littoribus, insulis aut maribus iacentibus prope infra sex lucas ad ali∣quam earundem partem ex occidentali boreali vel orientali partibus ororum litteralium & praecinctuum [ 40] earundem. Et ab Euronoto (vti iacet Cap. Britton) & ex australi parte eiusdem vbi est Cap. de Sa∣ble omnia maria ac insulas versus meridiem intra quadraginta leucas dictarum orarum littoralium earundem magnam insulam vulgariter appellatam Ile de Sable vel Sablon includen. iacen. versus carban vulgo South South-east, circa triginta leucas à dicto Cap. Britton in mari & existen, in la∣titudine quadraginta quatuor graduum aut eo circa. Quae quidem terrae praedictae omni tempore affu∣turo nomine Noua Scotia in America gau••lebunt, Quas etiam praefatus Dominus Willelmus in partes & portiones sicut et visum fuerit diuidet ijsdem{que} nemi•••• pro beneplacito imponet. Vua cum omnibus fodinis tum regalibus auri & argenti quam alijs fodinis ferri, plumbi, cupri, stanni, aeris, &c.

In cuius rei testimonium huic praesenti Chartae nostrae magnum Sigillum nostrum apponipraecepimus Te∣stibus praedict is nostris consanguineis & Confiliarijs Iacobo Marchione de Hamilton Comite Arraniae [ 50] & Cambridge Domino Auen & Innerdail, Georgio Mariscalli comite Domino Keith & alt. regni nostri Mariscallo, Alexandro Comite de Dunfermling Domino Fyviae & vrquhant nostro Cancellaris, Thoma Comite de Mel••os Domino Byres & Bynning nostro Secretario, Dilectis nostris familiaribus Consiliarijs Domino Richardo Ko Kburne Iuniore de Clerkington nostri Secreti Sigills custode, Georgio Hay de Knifarunis nostrorum Rotulorum Registrorum ac Concilij Clerico, Ioanne Cockburne de Or∣mestoun nostrae lustitiariae Clerico, & Ioanne Scot de Scottistaruet nostrae Cancellariae Directore, Mili∣tibus. Apud Castellum nostrum de Winsore decimo die mensis sebtembris Anno Domini milesimo sex en∣tesim•• vigesimo primo Regnorum{que} nostrorum annis quinquagesimo quinto & decimo non••.

Sir Ferdinando Gorge being entrusted with the affayres of New England, after hee had aduised [ 60] with some of the Company; considering the largenesse of the bounds intended to bee planted by his Maiesties subiects in America, and the slow progresse of Plantations in these parts, that the Scottish Nation may be perswaded to imbarke themselues in their forraine enterprise; hee was content that Sir William Alexander Knight, one of his Maiesties most Honorable Priuy Councel

[illustration]

[illustration]

This Scale conteineth 150 English Leagues

[illustration]

of that Kingdome, should procure a Patent of such a bounds as his Maiestie should appoint to bee called New Scotland, and to bee held of the Crowne of Scotland, and gouerned by the Lawes of that Kingdome, as his said Patent containing all the bounds, that doth lie to the East of Saint Croix, compassed with the great Riuer of Canada on the North, and the Maine Ocean on the South doth more particularly beare. Whereupon the said Sir William did set out a Shippe with a Colony of purpose to plant, which being too late in setting forth were forced to stay all the Winter at New-found-Land, and though they had a Shippe with new prouisions the next Spring from the sayde Sir William, yet by reason of some vnexpected occasions, the chiefe of the Company resolued not to plant at the first, but onely to discouer and to take possession, which a number made choyce of for that purpose 〈…〉〈…〉d happily performe. [ 10]

The three and twentieth of Iune, they loosed from Saint Iohns Harbour in New-found-Land, and sayled towardes New Scotland, where for the space of fourteene dayes they were by Fogges and contrarie Windes kept backe from spying Land till the eight of Iuly: there∣after that they saw the West part of Cape Breton, and so till the thirteenth day, they sayled to and fro alongst the Coast till they came the length of Port de Muton, where they discouered three very pleasant Harbours, and went a shoare in one of them, which they cal∣led Lukes Bay, where they found a great way vp to a very pleasant Riuer being three fathoms deepe at low water; at the entry thereof, and on euery side of the same they did see very delicate Meadowes, hauing Roses white and red growing thereon, with a kind of wild Lilly, which had a very daintie smell. [ 20]

The next day they resolued to coast alongst to discouer the next Harbour, which was but two leagues distant from the other, where they found a more pleasant Riuer, being foure fathom wa∣ter at a low water, with Meadowes on both sides thereof, hauing Roses and Lillies growing thereon as the other had. They found within this Riuer a very fit place for a Plantation, both in regard that it was naturally apt to bee fortified, and that all the ground beweene the two Riuers was without Wood, and was good fat earth hauing seuerall sorts of Berries grow∣ing thereon, as Gooseberry, Strawberry, Hyndberry, Rasberry, and a kinde of Red-wine∣berry: As also some sorts of Graine, as Pease, some eares of Wheat, Barley, and Rye, growing there wild; the Pease grow euery where in abundance, very big and good to eate, but taste of the Fitch. This Riuer is called Port Iolly, from whence they coasted alongst to Port Negro, being [ 30] 12. leagues distant, where all the way as they sailed alongst they found a very pleasant Countrey hauing growing euery where such things as they did see in the two Harbours where they had beene. They found like wise in euery Riuer abundance of Lobsters, and Cockles, and other small fishes, and also they found not onely in the Riuers, but all the Coast alongst, numbers of seuerall sorts of Wild-fowle, as Wild-goose, Black-Duck, Woodcock, Herron, Pigeon, and many other sorts of Fowle which they knew not. They found likewise, as they sailed alongst the Coast abun∣dance of great God, with seuerall other sorts of great fishes. The Countrey is full of Woods, not very thick, and the most part Oake, the rest Fir-tree, Spruce, Birch, and many other sorts of wood which they had not seene before. [ 40]

Hauing discouered this part of the Countrey in regard of the voyage, their Ship was to make to the Straits with fishes, they resolued to coast alongst from Lukes Bay to Port de Muton, being foure leagues to the East thereof, where they encountred with a Frenchman, that in a very short time had a great voyage, hauing furnished one Ship away with fishes, and had neere so many ready as to load his owne Ship and others. And hauing taken a view of this Port, which to their iudgement they found no wayes inferiour to the rest they had seene be∣fore, they resolued to retire backe to New-found-land, where their Ship was to receiue her loading of fishes, the twentieth of Iuly they loosed from thence, and the seuen and twentieth thereof they arriued at Saint Iohns Harbour in New-found-land; and from thence sailed alongst the Bay of Conception, where they left the Ship, and dispatched themselues home in seuerall Ships that belonged to the West part of England, and doe intend this next Spring to set forth a [ 50] Colony to plant there.

The description of the Countrey of Mawooshen, discouered by the English, in the yeere 1602. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. and 9.

MAwooshen is a Countrey lying to the North and by East of Uirginia, betweene the degrees of 43. and 45. It is fortie leagues broad, and fiftie in length, lying in breadth East and West, and in length North and South. It is bordered on the East side with a Countrey, the people, whereof they call Tarrantines: on the West with Epistoman, on the North with a great Wood [ 60] called Senaglecoune, and on the South with the mayne Ocean Sea, and many Ilands.

In Mawooshen it seemeth there are nine Riuers, whereof the first to the East is called Quibi∣quesson; on which there is one Towne, wherein dwell two Sagamos or Lords, the one called A∣sticon,

the other Abermot. In this Towne are fiftie houses, and 150. men. The name of which Towne is Precante; this Riuer runneth farre vp into the Mayne, at the head thereof there is a Lake of a great length and breadth; it is at the fall into the Sea tenne fathoms deepe, and halfe a mile ouer.

The next is Pemaquid, a goodly Riuer and very commodious all things considered; it is ten fa∣thoms water at the entrance, and fortie miles vp there are two fathoms and a halfe at low water; it is halfe a mile broad, and runneth into the Land North many daies iourney: where is a great Lake of 18. leagues long and foure broad. In this Lake are seuen great Ilands: toward the farthest end there falleeh in a Riuer, which they call Acaconstomed, where they passe with their Boates thirtie daies iourney vp, and from thence they goe ouer Land twentie daies iourney more, and [ 10] then come to another Riuer, where they haue a trade with Anadabis or Anadabijon, with whom the Frenchmen haue had commerce for a long time. Neere to the North of this Riuer of Pemaquid are three Townes: the first is Upsegon, where Bashabes their chiefe Lord doth dwell. And in this Towne are sixtie houses, and 250. men, it is three daies iourney within the Land. The second is Caiocame; the third Shasheekeing. These two last Townes are opposite one to the other, the Riuer diuiding them both, and they are two daies iourney from the Towne of Bashabes. In Caioc〈…〉〈…〉 dwelleth Maiesquis, and in Shasheokeing Bowant, two Sagamos, subiects to Bashabes. Vpon both sides of this Riuer vp to the very Lake, for a good distance the ground is plaine, without Trees or Bushes, but full of long Grasse, like vnto a pleasant meadow, which the Inhabitants doe burne once a yeere to haue fresh feed for their Deere. Beyond this Meadow are great Woods, whereof [ 20] more shall bee spoken hereafter. The Riuer of Pemaquid is foure dayes iourney from the mouth of Quibiquesson.

The third Riuer is called Ramassoc, and is distant from the mouth of Pemaquid foure daies iour∣ney; it is twentie fathoms at the entrance, and hath a mile ouer; it runneth into the Land three daies iourney, and within lesse then a daies iourney of the dwelling of Bashabes: vpon this Riuer there is a Towne named Panobscot, the Lord whereof is called Sibatahood; who hath in his Town fiftie houses, and eightie men.

The fourth Riuer Apanawapeske, lying West and by South of Ramassoc, at the entrance whereof there is twentie fathoms water, and it is a mile broad: it runneth vp into the Countrey fiue daies iourney; and within three daies of the mouth are two Townes, the one called Mee∣combe, [ 30] where dwelleth Aramasoga, who hath in his Towne fiftie houses, and eightie men. The other is Chebegnadose, whose Lord is Skanke, and hath thirtie houses and ninetie men. The mouth of Apanawapeske is distant from Ramassoc three daies iourney.

To the South-west foure daies iourney, there is another excellent Riuer; in the entranc•• whereof is twentie fathoms water, and it is a quarter of a mile broad, it runneth into the Land two daies iourney, and then there is a great fall; at the head wherof there is a Lake of a daies iour∣ney long and as much in breadth. On the side of this Lake there is a Strait, and at the end of that Strait there is another Lake of foure daies iourney long, and two daies iourney broad; wher∣in there are two Ilands, one at the one end, and another at the other end. I should haue told you that both these Lakes, as also the rest formerly spoken of, doe infinitely abound with fresh wa∣ter [ 40] fish of all sorts••, as also with diuers sorts of Creatures, as Otters, Beeues, sweete Rats, and such like.

The sixt Riuer is called Apponick on which there are three Townes; the first is called Appi∣sham, where dwelleth Abochigishic. The second is Mesaqueegamic, where dwelleth Amniquin, in which there is seuentie houses and eightie men; the third is Matammiscowte, in which are eightie houses and ninetie men, and there dwelleth Narracommique.

To the Westward of this there is another Riuer called Aponeg: it hath at the entrance ten fa∣thoms water, and is a mile broad: it runneth vp into a great Sound of fresh water. Vpon the East side of this Riuer there are two Townes, the one called Nebamocago, the other called Ashawe. In the first dwelleth Mentavrmet, and hath in his Towne 160. housholds, and some 300. men. In [ 50] the second dwelleth Hamerhaw, and hath in his Towne eightie housholds and seuentie men. On the West side there is another Towne called Neredoshan, where are 120. housholds, and 100. men. There is a Sagamo or Lord called Sabenaw.

Three daies iourney from Aponeg to the Westward, there is a goodly Riuer called Sagadohoc: the entrance whereof is a mile and an halfe ouer, holding that breadth a daies iourney, and then it maketh a great Sound of three daies iourney broad: in which Sound are six Ilands, foure great and full of Woods, and two lesse without Woods: The greater are called Sowaghcoc, Neguiwo, Neiwoc. And in the verie entrance of this Riuer there is another small Iland: from the West of which Iland to the Maine, there is a Sand that maketh as it were a bar, so that that way is not passable for shipping: but to the Eastward there is two fathoms water. This Sound diuideth it [ 60] selfe into two branches or armes, the one running North-east twentie foure daies iourney, the o∣ther North-west thirtie daies iourney into the Maine: At the heads whereof there are two Lakes, the Westermost being eight daies iourney long, and foure daies iourney broad; and the Easter∣most foure daies iourney long, and two daies broad. The Riuer of Aponeg runneth vp into this

Sound, and so maketh as it were a great Iland between Sagadahoc and it. From the Iland vpward the water is fresh, abounding in Salmons, and other fresh-water fish. Some thirteene or fourteen daies iourney from the entrance in the North-east branch, there is a little arme of a Riuer that runneth East some daies iourney, which hath at the entrance foure fathoms water. Vpon this arme there is one ouer fail, which standeth halfe a daies iourney aboue this braneh: vpon this arme there are foure Townes: The first is called Kenebeke, which hath eightie houses, and one hundred men. The Lord whereof is Apombamen. The second is Ketangheanycke, and the Sa∣gamos name is Octoworthe, who hath in his Towne ninetie housholds, and three hundred and thirtie men. This Towne is foure dayes iourney from Kenebeke, and eight dayes iourney from To the Northward is the third Towne, which they call Naragooc; where there [ 10] are fiftie housholds, and one hundred and fiftie men. The chiefe Sagamo of that place is Cococ∣kohamas. And on the small branch that runneth East standeth the fourth Towne, named by M••ssakiga; where there are but eight housholds, and fortie men. Vpon the Northwest branch of this Sound stand two Townes more: The first is called Amereangan, and is di∣stant from Kenebeke sixe dayes iourney. In this place are ninetie housholdes, and two hun∣dred and sixtie men, with two Sagamoes; the one called Sasu••a, the other Scawas. Seuen daies iourney hence there is another Sagamo, whose name is Octowor••kin, and his Townes name Na∣mercante, wherein are fortie housholds, and one hundred and twentie men. A dayes iour∣ney aboue Namercante there is a downefall, where they cannot passe with their Cannoes, but are inforced to carrie them by Land for the space of a quarter of a mile, and then they put [ 20] them into the Riuer againe: And twelue dayes iourney aboue this Downfall there is another, where they carrie their Boates as at the first; and sixe dayes iourney more to the North is the head of this Riuer, where is the Lake that is of eight dayes iourney long, and foure dayes broad before mentioned. In this Lake there is one Iland; and three dayes iourney from this Lake there is a Towne which is called Buccawganecants, wherein are threescore hous∣holds, and foure hundred men: And the Sagamo thereof is called Baccatusshe. This man and his people are subiects to the Bashabez of Mawooshen, and in his Countrey is the farthest limit of his Dominion, where he hath any that doe him homage.

To the Westward of Sagadahoc, foure dayes iourney there is another Riuer called Ashama∣baga, which hath at the entrance sixe fathoms water, and is halfe a quarter of a mile broad: [ 30] it runneth into the Land two dayes iourney: and on the East side there is one Towne cal∣led Agnagebcoc, wherein are seuentie houses, and two hundred and fortie men, with two Saga∣mes, the one called Maurmet, the other Casherokenit.

Seuen dayes iourney to the South-west of Ashamabaga there is another Riuer, that is sixe fathoms to the entrance: This Riuer is named Shawakotoc, and is halfe a myle broad; it run∣neth into the Land fiftie dayes iourney: but foure dayes from the entrance it is so narrow, that the Trees growing on each side doe so crosse with their boughes and bodies on the o∣ther, as it permitteth not any meanes to passe with Boates that way: for which cause the In∣habitants that on any occasion are to trauell to the head, are forced to goe by Land, ta∣king their way vpon the West side. At the end of this Riuer there is a Lake of foure dayes [ 40] iourney long, and two dayes broad, wherein are two Ilands. To the North-West foure daies iourney from this Lake, at the head of this Riuer Shawakatoc there is a small Prouince, which they call Crokemago, wherein is one Towne. This is the Westermost Riuer of the Dominions of Bashabez, and Quibiquisson the Westermost.

To the Reader.

I Haue thought good to adde to the English Plantations in New England, those in the neighbour Countrey of New-found-land. This was first discouered, Ann. 1497. by S. Sebastian Cabot set forth by King Henry the seuenth: the Voyages followed of M. Rut, Albert de Prato, M. Hore, and o∣thers. [ 50] Ann. 1583. actuall and formall possession, was taken in the right of Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory, and her Successours, by that memorable Knight, Sir Humfrey Gilbert (see sup. lib. 4. ca. 13.) And in the yeere, 1609. M. Iohn Guy of Bristoll did write a Treatise to animate the English to plant there, a written Copy whereof I haue. A. 1610. It pleased his most excellent Maiestie to grant a Patent for a Plantation, part whereof (the whole might seeme too long for our purpose) we haue inserted. [ 60]

Notes

• For the De∣scription & in∣couragements to this designe, and for better knowledge of New Scotland, besides a Book purposely pub∣lished by the Honourable & learned Au∣thor (who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes, and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning) you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter for∣wards, the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke, & that description of the Countrey of Maw••oshen, which I haue added hereto.
• Ann. 1622.
• An. 1623.
• Lukes Bay.
• Fit place for a Plantation.
• Port Iolly. Port Negro.
• This descripti∣on of Mawoo∣shen I had a∣mongst M. Hakluyts pa∣pers. Climate and quantitie. Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois. 1. Quibequesson Riuer.
• Asticon Sagamo.
• A great Lake.
• 2. P••maquid riuer
• A great Lake.
• Anadabis.
• Three townes
• Bashabes. Caiocame.
• 3. Ramassoc.
• Panobsc••t a Towne. 4. Apanawapeske,
• 5. Apanmensek.
• A L••ke.
• Another Lake. All the Lakes full of Fish, Beeues, and sweet Rats. 6. Aponeg.
• 7. Aponeg.
• 8. Sagadahoc. Here C. Pop∣ham buil•• S. Georges Fort, and planted. Great Sound.
• T••o Lakes.
• A great Iland.
• Kenebeke.
• 9. Ashamabaga.
• 10. Shawak••toc.
• A Lake foure dayes iourney long & 2, broad