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TA, a River on the South of China, in the Pro∣vinces of Quansey and Quantam.
Tabago, the Tobacco Island, in the West-Indies, in the North Sea: Possessed by the Dutch: com∣monly also called Niew Walcheren. It lies eight Miles from la Trinidad to the North-East, and nine∣ty South of Barbadoes: having eighteen small Rivers, and many sase Harbours: about nine Dutch Miles
long, and three broad; very fruitful, and full of all Necessaries. About forty years since, the Dutch be∣gan to plant it. In 1673. the English, under Sir To∣bias Bridges took and plundered it; carried away four hundred Prisoners. and as many Negroes. In 1677. the French (being desirous to drive the Dutch out of it) sent the Comte d' Estrée with ten Ships: which entered Klips Bay, and for several days ingaged a Fleet of eight Dutch Ships there lying under the Command of James Binckes, a Dutchman: who so well defended the Island, that though the French pretended they destroyed the Fort the Dutch had built; yet they were forced to draw off, and leave the Dutch Masters of the Place. Long. 316. Lat. 10. 30. The whole Plantation of this Island is Tobacco, after its name.
Tabarestan, Tabarestania, a Province of Persia, toward the Caspian Sea; containing a great part of the ancient Hyrcania. The Caspian Sea is sometimes from this Province called the Sea of Tabarestan. Aste∣rabath its Capital City.
Tabarque, Tabraca, an ancient City in the King∣dom of Tunis in Africa, upon the Mediterranean Sea, betwixt Hippo and Ʋtica, It hath had the ho∣nour in the times of Christianity there, to be a Bishops See; but now, only considerable for its Port. Pliny, Claudian, and Stephanus mention it.
Tabasco, Tabasca, a Town and Province in New Spain, in North America. The Province lies between the Bay of Mexico to the North, and the Province of Chiapa to the South: extended from East to West forty six Spanish Leagues. The principal City in it was by the Indians called Tabasco; but the Spaniards call it Nuestra Sennora de la Vi••toria, our Lady of Victory; because Cortez, the Spanish General, gave the Mexicans an irrecoverable Defeat near this Place.
Tabenna, an Island of the Thebais, in the King∣dom of Egypt; near the City Syene. Inhabited for∣merly by the Monks, entituled Tabenniosi••ae from it; in whose times, Tabennis, was a small Town standing here.
Tabor, Taborium, a Town in Bohemia, upon the River Lauznicz; twenty Miles from Budwess, and forty five from Prague. The Hussites made this Place the Seat of their War, and fortified it: and from thence for twenty years ruined the Imperial and Hereditary Countries; called thereupon Taborites.
Tacara, a small Kingdom on the Coast of Gui∣nea, in Africa.
Tacaze, Tacasus, Astaboras, a vast River in the Higher Aethiopia; which ariseth in the Kingdom of Angote; chiefly from three Fountains; and runs West sometime between Dagana and Hoga. Then bending North through the Kingdom of Tigre, it watereth the Desart of Oldeba; and joyns the River Mareb or Marebo. Being much improved, it passeth through the Kingdom of Dengin; and at Jalack falls into the Nile in the Kingdom of Nubia, from the East.
Tachiali, Antiochia Maeandri, a City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ephesus; from which it stands se∣venty Miles to the East, upon the Meander; and thirty seven from Bursia to the South. Latitus Bi∣shop of this See, subscribed to the Council of Chalce∣don. Long. 58.00. Lat. 39. 30.
Tadcaster, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire: which hath a large Stone Bridge over the River Warfe; and Lime-Stone digged up in its Neighbourhood in Plenty.
Tadouslack, Tadussacum, a Town in New France, upon the Bay of S. Laurence: where it receives the River Saguen; a hundred Miles from Quebec to the South-East.
Taenarus. See Matapan.
Taff, Rhatostathybius, a small River in Glamor∣ganshire in Wales; which watering and giving name to Landaff, falls into the Irish Sea near the Borders of Monmouthshire.
Taflete, Tafleta, a Kingdom in Biledulgerida in Africa; between Segellomessa to the East, and Dar∣ba to the West: bounded with the Kingdom of Mo∣rocco to the North. The Capital City is of the same name. A populous and plentiful City, fortified with a Castle; of great Trade for Indico, Silks, and Maro∣quines: but the Country elsewhere is extreme Sandy, hot and desert. About 1660. the King of this place, after many Victories, conquered Morocco and Fez; and kept them for some time. This is supposed to have been a part of the ancient Numidia.
Tagaste, is now a desolate Village in the Pro∣vince of Constantine, in the Kingdom of Algiers in Barbary: which heretofore was a Bishops See, and famous for giving Birth to S. Augustine.
Tagat, a fruitful Mountain, two Leagues from the City Fez, to the East; in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary: about two Leagues in length. Covered with Pines on one side, and affording Land for Til∣lage on the other.
Taicheu, Taicheum, a City in the Province of Che∣kiam in China. It stands upon a Mountain, and is the Capital over five other Cities.
Tajima, a Town and Province in the North part of Niphon.
Taillebourg, a Town in the Province of Xain∣tonge in France, upon the River Charante: at which S. Louis King of France in 1242. defeated the Male∣contents of his Kingdom, that were risen in Arms a¦gainst him.
Tajo, Tagus, one of the most celebrated Rivers of Spain. It ariseth from two Fountains in New Castile, but in the Borders of Arragon; at the foot of Mount Vallezillo. And running North, it takes in the Molina: then turning South-West, it passeth by Pa∣strana to Aronjues: where it admits the Tajuna, with a knot of other Rivers from Madrid and He∣nares: turning more Westerly, it salutes Toledo; takes in beneath it the Gaudarrama, and the Alberch; visits Talavera, and Puente de Archobisbo, where it is covered by a Bridge; beneath Almaraz it receives the Guadalupo. So passing by Alcantara, it entereth the Kingdom of Portugal at Perdigaon; and recei∣ving the Rio Monsul, and a vast number of small Brooks in that Kingdom, it forms the vast Haven of Lisbon; and on the South side of that City passeth into the Atlantick Ocean: having from its Fountains run one hundred and ten Spanish Leagues, and being at its Mouth two Spanish Leagues broad. There is no River in Spain more frequently mentioned than this, especially on the account of its Golden Sand, by the Poets.
Taiping, a City of the Province of Nankim, up∣on the River Kiang in China. There is another of Quantum: which is now under the King of Tumkim.
Taitung, a strong City in the Province of Xamsi in China. It is the third of Note there, and drives a great Trade.
Tajuna, Tagonius, a River of New Castile; which falls into the Tajo.
Taiyven, the Capital City of the Province of Xansi in China, near the River Truen.
Talabo, or Talaro, Pitanus, a River in Corsica.
Talamone, a Town and Port to the Tyrrehenian Sea, in the Estate called Degli Presidii, upon the Bor∣ders of the Dukedom of Tuscany, in Italy. Belong∣ing to the Spaniards.
Talavera, Ebara, Libora, a Town in New Ca∣stile, upon the Tajo. See Tajo.
Tal••a, a very fruitful Island in the Caspian Sea, according to Pliny, (who calls it Tazata) and other Ancients: But we have no Modern Account of it.
Tamaga, Tama••a and Tambro, a River of Spain: which ariseth in Gallicia, above Mone Roy; and run∣ning South through the Province of Entre Douro è minbo, falls into the Douro; six Spanish Leagues above Porto to the East.
Tamar, Tamaris, a River in the East of Corn∣wal, which divides that County from Devonshire. It ariseth in Devonshire, near the Irish Sea; and running South, watereth Bridgrule, Telco••, Tamer∣ten, (which has its name from this River) Beyton, Lawhitton, Cal-Stock: and having received amongst others the Foy, at Plimouth it entereth the British Sea; forming there a Noble and Capacious Haven. See Cambden.
Tamaraca, a City and Island upon the Coast of Brasil in South America, under the Portuguese: making one of the fourteen Governments or Pro∣vinces of Brasil.
Tamaro, Thamarus, a small River in the Princi∣pato, in the Kingdom of Naples: which rising from the Appennine, a little above Benevento, falls into the Calore.
Tamasso, Tamassus, a Town in the Island of Cy∣prus, towards Famagosta. Of great Repute for its Tin-Mines.
Taming, Taminga, a City in the Province of Pe∣kim in China.
Tampan, the Mouth of the Rhosne.
Tamul, a petty Kingdom contained in Bisnagar, in the Hither East-Indies.
Tamworth, a Borough and Market Town in the Borders of Staffordshire and Warwickshire, at the Confluence of the Tame and the Auker: whereof one washeth that part of the Town, which stands in Staf∣fordshire; and the other that in Warwickshire. It hath a strong (though small) Castle for its defence: is beautified with a large Church; and in the Lower House of Parliament represented by two Burgesses.
Tanagra, an ancient City of Boeotia (now Stra∣mulipa) in Greece, near the River Asopus: Called Orops by Aristotle, and Gephyra in Stephanus. A∣thenaeus mentions, Cetus Tanagranus, as a Proverb for a vast Whale, because one of a prodigious Mag∣nitude was cast up here. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens, the same with the Anatoria of some Moderns.
Tanais, a River of Crim Tartary, which divides Europe from Asia. Called by the Neighbouring Na∣tions, Don; by the Italians, Tana. It ariseth in the Province of Rezan, in Moscovy (eleven hundred Miles from Moscow) from the Lake Iuvanouvo Lezicro, which is five hundred Wrests broad; and flowing with a very Oblique Course through the Coun∣tries possessed by the Precopensian, or Crim Tar∣tars; not far from the Wolga falls into the Lake of Moeotis; near a City called from it Tanais, now ru∣ined. This City was once taken by the Russ; but now in the hands of the Turks. The River divides it into two parts, and affords it the convenience of an Haven; though now not much frequented. Long. 60. 40. Lat. 48. 09.
Tanaro, Tanarus, a Navigable River of Lombar∣dy; which ariseth in Piedmont, in the Borders of the States of Genoua from the Apennine: and run∣ning North-East, watereth Mondovi, Alba, Asti, and Alexandria, in the Dukedom of Milan: it falls into the Po at Bassignano; between Casal to the North, and Voghera to the South▪
Tandaya, one of the Philippine Islands.
Tandra, an Island of the Euxine Sea, at the Mouth of the Borysthenes.
Tane••axima, a small Island belonging to Japan.
Tanes, Tanitioum Ostium, one of the Eastern Mouths of the Nile. This gave name to Tunis, now Tanes, a desolate Village in Egypt at this time; but formerly one of the greatest, richest, and strongest Cities of Egypt; a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Damietta. The Calyphs rebuilt it, after it had been some Ages desolate; but it soon returned to its former State.
Tangier, Tingi, Tingis, one of the oldest Cities of Africa, in the Province of Hasbat, in the Kingdom of Fez. Built by Antaeus a Phoenician, as the Learned Sir John Marsham proves from Procopius, who men∣tions an ancient Pillar with this Inscription in the Phoenician Tongue; We are fled from Joshua the Son of Nun, a Robber; whereupon he placeth the building of it in Joshua's time, and saith it is undoubt∣edly a very ancient Phoenician Colony. It stands at the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, towards the Atlantick Ocean; and was anciently an Archbi∣shops See, and an University. The Goths possessed it after the Romans, and annexed it to the Government of Ceuta. In 1471. Alphonsus King of Portugal made himself Master of it. From which time it con∣tinued in the possession of that Crown, till in 1662. it was put by the Portuguese into the hands of the En∣glish. Charles II. having bestowed immense charges upon the Haven and Out-Works of it, (after it had prosperously repelled several Attacks of the Moors in 1663, 1664. and in 1682;) in 1683. by the Lord Dartmou••h, that Prince ordered all the Forts and Works to be blown up; the Mole to be slighted; and withdrew the Garrison into England; finding the benefit not equal to the charge of keeping it. Long. 6. 30. Lat. 35. 56.
Tangermund, Tangermunda, a Town in the Old Marquisate of Brandenburg; upon the Elbe, where it takes in the River Tanger: seven German Miles from Magdeburgh to the North, toward Havel∣burgh. Heretofore a very strong and considerable place. The Emperour Charles IV. kept his Court there: but in the Swedish War it was often taken, and suffered so very much, that it is become very in∣considerable now.
Tangu, Tangum, a Kingdom in the Further East-Indies, by the River Menan; which has a City of the same name, and was formerly subject to the King of Pegu.
Tangut, Tangutum, a Kingdom in the Asian Tartary, towards China and the East-Indies. The Capital City of it, is Tangu.
Tanjaor, a City and Kingdom in Coromandel, in the East-Indies; formerly subject to the King of Bisnagar; but has now a Prince of its own; who is a Tributary to the former. It lies sixty Miles from the Coast of Coromandel to the West.
Tanor, a small Kingdom in the Hither East-In∣dies, in the Promontory of Malabar: which hath a City of the same name, five Leagues from Calecut to the South. The King resides at a Palace one League from the City, and preservs a strict Alliance with the Portuguese.
Taormina, a City of Sicily.
Tapaysa, or Tapy, a great River of South Ame∣rica: which riseth in the Borders of Brasil; and af∣ter having given name to a Province, falls into the River of Amasons in Guiana.
Tapiaw, a Town in the Ducal Prussia in the Kingdom of Poland.
Taprobane▪ See Zeilan.
Tapsus, an ancient City in the Province of By∣zacena, now in the Kingdom of Tunis, in Barbary▪
Caesar besieged it, to oblige Scipio to a Battel: and after his Defeat of Scipio, it surrendred to the Con∣querour.
Tapua guazu, a Province of South America in Paragua; near the Lake of Xaray, in the Borders of Brasil.
Tapu••es, a people of Brasil, in the Prefecture of Santo Spirito.
Tara, Taras, a small River in the Province of O∣tranto, in the Kingdom of Naples: which arising from the Apennine near Massafra, falls into the Gulph of Taranto, by the City of Taranto; which has its name from this River.
Taragale, a City in the Region of Darha in Biledul∣gerid, in Africa; near the City of Darha: fortified with a Castle and a considerable Garrison, for the security of the Mint, which the Emperour of Marocco keeps here. The Jews have about four hundred Families in it. The Country adjacent affords plenty of Corn, Pasturage, and Dates.
Taranto, Tarentum, Ʋrbs Salentinorum, a City in the Province of Otranto, in the Kingdom of Na∣ples; called at this day Tarente by the French Built by a Band of Lacedemonian Bastards, and made the Capital of the ancient Magna Graecia; who ha∣ving no Inheritance at home, were sent hither to seek their fortunes, in the year of the World 3242. forty five years after the building of Rome. It became a famous Common-Wealth. Its ancient Inhabitants, the Tarentini, solicited Pyrrhus's Descent into Italy to make War with the Romans. In the year of Rome 481. Milo, a Citizen of it, betrayed it to the Romans. In the second Punick War it received Hannibal. And in the year of Rome 545. was recovered out of his hands again by Quintus Fabius Maximus. In 631. it was made a Roman Colony. In 1194. Hen∣ry IV. gave it to VVilliam, (the Son of Tancred) Prince of Taranto; when he had caused him to be castrated, to prevent any Posterity. It is now an Archbishops See; small, but strong, and well peopled; has a Castle garrisoned with Spaniards. The Haven was once very good, but spoiled by great Stones sunk in the Mouth of it; so that none but small Ships can enter it. This City has also still the Honour of the Title of a Principality. It stands upon a Peninsula, on a Bay of its own Name, at the Mouth of the River Tara. Some derive the Name of the Tarantulae (whose Venom is cured only by violent dancing) from it. In 1614. a Synod was held here by its Arch∣bishop. Long. 41. 30. Lat. 39. 58.
Tarara, Cemmenus, a Mountain near Lyons in France; more commonly called les Sevennes.
Tarascon, Tarasco, an ancient Roman Town in Provence in France, upon the Rhosne, four Leagues beneath Avignon to the South, and three from Arles. It is great and populous, and has two strong Castles, a Collegiate Church, with divers Ecclesiastical and Re∣ligious Houses. The Reliques of S. Martha are said to be preserved here.
Tarazona, Turiaso, an ancient Roman City, in the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sarragosa; upon the River Queois; four Leagues from Tudela to the North-West, and ten from Bilbao to the North. This City was recovered from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII. in 1010. And is chiefly commended for the rare tem∣per of its Steel. Long. 19. 02. Lat. 42. 50.
Tarbes, Tarba, Turba, Castrum Bigorrae, a City of Aquitam, in the County of Bigorre, whereof it is the Capital: seated in a pleasant Plain, upon the River Adour; well peopled, and has a Castle called Bigorre, which gave name to this County. It is also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; from which this City stands nine Miles to the North-West, and six from Pau to the East.
Tarczal, Carpates, the Carpathian Hills, which divide Hungary and Transylvania, from Poland.
Tardenois, Tardanensis Comitatus, a County in the Isle of France; between the Marne to the South, and the Vesle to the North: its true Bounds are now lost.
Tardera, Alba, Tholobi, a River in Catalonia: which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Blanes; nine Miles from Barcinone to the North.
Tarentaise, Tarentesia, a Tract or Valley in the Dukedom of Savoy, between the Alpes and the Duke∣dom of Aouste to the East; Hossano to the North; Savoy (properly so called) to the West; and the Valley di Moriana to the South. This was the Seat of the ancient Centrones. The principal place in it, Montiers. It is one of the three principal Provin∣ces of the Dukedom of Savoy, but very Mountainous and Barren.
Targa, a Kingdom, Desart, City, and Lake in A∣frica; in Zaara, between the Desart of Lempta to the East, Zuenziga to the West, Biledulgerida to the No••••h▪ and Nigritia to the South.
Targovisto, Targovistum, Targoviscum, Tergovi∣stus, Tiriscum, a great City, which is the Capital of Moldavia, and the Seat of their Princes. The Na∣tives call it Ternisch. It stands in the Borders of Wa∣lachia, up the River Jaloniza; sixty Miles from Ni∣geboli to the North, and a little more from Cron∣stad, or (Brassaw) in Transylvania to the South, in a Marsh. Heretofore, together with Moldavia, under the King of Hungary. And now returned un∣der that Crown again. See Moldavia.
Tariffa, a City of Spain in Andalusia, near the Streights of Gibraltar: once a great and strong place, but now almost ruined: inhabited by a few, though it has a Castle and an Haven. It was recove∣red from the Moors in 1292. And Octob. 28. 1340. the Moors received a great Defeat near this place: which stands four Leagues from Algezira to the West, and six from the Coast of Barbary to the North.
Tarne, or le Tar, Tarnis, a River of Aquitain in France: which springeth from Mount Losere in Gi∣vaudan; and being improved by some lesser Streams, watereth Millaud; then entering Languedoc, it visi∣teth Montauban, where it is covered by a lovely Stone Bridge: and a little beneath Moissac, falls in∣to the Garonne; five Leagues above Agen. The pre∣sent King of France, has with great expence of late years made this River Navigable by Boats.
Taro, or Tarro, Tarus, a River of Lombardy in Italy; which ariseth from the Apennine, in the Bor∣ders of the States of Genoua: and running through a Valley of its own name, (and through the Duke∣dom of Parma) falls thirteen Miles below Cremona into the Po. Upon the Banks of this River, Charles VIII. of France, in 1495. defeated all the Forces of Italy assembled hither to stop him from going out of Italy.
Tarpeya, a Lake in the Kingdom of Peru in South America, near the City Potosi: springing from a large Fountain in the middle of itself.
Tarragona, Tarraco, a City of Spain; which in ancient time gave name to that part of Spain called Hispania Tarraconensis. It was built by the Scipio's: others say, before the Roman Conquest: Eratosthe∣nes having mentioned it in the year of the World 2780. The Scipio's much enlarged it: and therefore Pliny and Solinus make them the Founders. Mela saith, it was in his time the richest Maritim City on the Eastern Coast of Spain. It was certainly a great
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Metropolis, and had fourteen lesser Cities under it. The Moors ruined the Roman City; and rebuilt that which now stands; walling it for the greater security. It is now an Archbishops See, and an University foun∣ded by Cardinal Gasparo de Cervantes, (Archbishop of this See) in the Reign of Philip II. It stands at the Mouth of the River Tulcis, now el Fracoli; which affords it a small Haven on the Mediterranean Sea: thirteen Spanish Leagues from Tortosa, and fifteen from Barcelone. In a decaying condition. Long. 22. 53. Lat. 41. 58. In 1242. a Synod was held here to oppose the progress of the Doctrines of the Vaudois.
Tarsus, Tarsos, the Metropolitan City of Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia: upon the River Cydenum, which divides it into two equal parts. It took divers names from the Roman Emperours. At this day it is called by the Inhabitants, Terassa; by the Turks, Terfis; by the Italians, Tarso. Now an Archbi∣shops See; six Miles from the Shoars of the Mediter∣ranean. Pope Clement IX. bore the Title of this See, before his Election to the Pontificate. Long. 66. 14. Lat. 38. 56. This City deservs a particular venera∣tion from all Christians; because S. Paul, the Great Apostle of the Gentiles, was born in it; and by that means pleaded its privilege to avoid some ill usages he had otherwise suffered. This is also the Tarshish, whither Jonas desired to pass, when he took Ship at Joppe, (Joh. 1. 3.): which the following part of his Story hath made so memorable. Lyra and S. Anselme interpret the Tharsis of King Solomon, whither his Fleet went to buy precious Merchandises for the Temple, of this place also. But others reject their opinion; and we have no Concord amongst the Learned upon that question. See Ophir.
Tartar, Occhardus, a River of Serica, (a part of the Asiatick Tartary) from which that Nation took its name of Tartaria. The Country is bounded on the West by Mount Imaus, and on the East by Chi∣na: now thought to be called Suchur. There is a City upon it, of the same name.
Tartaro, Tartarus, Atrianus, a River in the States of Venice; which ariseth in the Territory of Verona; and flowing East, watereth Adria, an ancient City: then one part of it falls into that Branch of the Po, called il Fuosa; and the other into the River A∣dige.
Tartary, Tartaria, Scythae, is divided common∣ly into the Great and Asiatick, the Lesser and European Tartary. For this latter, see Krim Tarta∣ry, Chersonesus Taurica, and Precop. The Asiatick Tartary is the far greatest Country in all Asia: cal∣led by the Poles, Tartarcka. Bounded on the North by the Frozen Ocean, on the East by the same Sea, and China; on the South by China, India, Persia, and the Caspian Sea; on the West by Russia. The North Eastern Bounds upon Japan and China are utterly unknown. It is not certain, but that Asia and America may there meet; or at most may be divided by a narrow Channel, which could never yet be discovered. This Country extends from the Mouth of the Nieper, to the Cape of Tabin North-East, one thousand German Miles: and from the Mouth of the River Obb to the Wall of China South-East, fifteen hundred of the same Miles: perhaps it is much grea∣ter towards the North and East. It is divided into Tartary properly so called, Tartaria Deserta, Zaga∣thai, Cathay, and Turquestan: these, containing ma∣ny Kingdoms: some of which, as to the names of them, are as yet unknown to us. The people are the most Barbarous of Mankind; Bloody, Fierce, and Brutish. The Country appears Barren, Desolate, Un∣cultivated; without Cities, settled Inhabitants, Agri∣culture, and fixed Limits. The Princes are absolute Masters of their respective People; which live in Hoards, wandring with their Wives and Children in covered Waggons, from place to place; with their Cattle, (their only Wealth,) as necessity and the season of the year require. This course of life has in a great degree fitted them for War. Accordingly, when ever they have broken in upon the Civilized World, they have proved in every Age the Scourges of God. In this last Age, one of these Princes broke in upon Chi∣na; and in a few years conquered it.
Tarudante, Tarodantum, Torodantum, the Capi∣tal City of Suz. Heretofore subject to the King of Morocco, but has now a Prince of its own. It is great and populous; about fifty Miles from the At∣lantick Ocean, and three hundred from Morocco to the South.
Tasso, Thassos, Thalassia, Chryse, an Island of the Archipelago, one League distant from the Continent of Romania in the Morea, and about seven or eight in Circumference: divided betwixt Plains and Moun∣tains, which afford good Wine and Marble. The Phoenicians anciently planted a Colony here, who built the City now standing; which is in a tolerable condition, but far different from its pristine Splen∣dour.
Tatta, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul; separated from Persia to the West, by the River Indus; and bounded to the North by Buckor, to the East by the Kingdom of Jesselmeere, and to the South by the Indian Sea. The Capital City is of the same Name; near the Indus. Long. 102. Lat. 26. 45.
Tattershal, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Gartree, and the Division of Lind∣sey: near the Influx of the River Bane into the Witham.
Tavasthus, Tavastia, a Town and County in the Kingdom of Sweden in Finmarck; called also Ta∣vastland. Bounded on the East by Savolaxia, on the South by Niland, on the West by Finmarck, (properly so called) and on the North by the Bot∣ner Sea. Tavasthus, the principal Town in it, was called Gronenberg; and stands in a Marsh: well for∣tified against the Russ: ninety Miles from Aboa to the East. Birger Jarel built a Castle in 1250. to awe the Inhabitants,
Tauber, Tuberius, a River in Franconia; which ariseth near Rotenburgh, nine Miles from Norim∣burgh to the West; and by Onspach, Papenheim, and Aichstat falls into the Danube below Ingolstad, and above Regensperg.
Taverna, Taberna, Trischene, a decayed City in the Further Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rhe∣gio; but having lost that Dignity, is now a member of the Diocese of Catanzaro.
Teubemberg, a Town in Hungary; at which Mahomet I. in 1400. beat the Hungarians.
Tavestock, a Market Town and Borough in De∣vonshire, upon the River Tave: the Capital of its Hundred. In the Lower House of Parliament repre∣sented by two Burgesses.
Tavira, or Tavila, a City of Algarve in Spain, upon the Atlantick Ocean; between the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East, and Faro to the West; five Leagues from either. It is under the King of Portugal: has a large Haven at the Mouth of the River Xilaon, and a Castle for its security.
Taurica Chersonesus, the Peninsula dividing Eu∣rope and Asia; upon Il Mare Maggiore, and the Sea of Zabache: from East to West twenty four Miles long, fifteen broad; filled heretofore
with Noble Greek Cities. Upon the Eastern side of it, stands Caffa, (which was the ancient Theodo∣sia) under the Turks. In the entrance of the Neck of it, Precop; under the Tartars: from whence the whole Peninsula is sometimes called Precopsca; and the In∣habitants, the Precopensian Tartars. It makes the most Southern part of the Krim Tartary.
Tauris, Ecbatana, Tabresium, Tauresium, Ti∣granana, a great City of the Kingdom of Persia, called by the Inhabitants Tebris. It stands in the Province of Aderbuitzan; eleven hundred Miles from Constan∣tinople to the East, and twenty five German Miles from the Caspian Sea to the South. Founded, (as the Persians all agree) in the one hundred and sixty fifth year of the Hegyra, in the year of Christ 786. In 849. it was ruined by an Earthquake. In 1490. the Princes of the Race of Sheitb-Sephi, removed to this City from Ardevil. In 1514. Selim, Emperour of the Turks, took it upon Articles, two years after the Kings of Persia removed to Casbin. In the time of Solyman the Magnificent, the City rebelled; assassi∣nated the Turkish Governour, and Garrison; which was severely revenged by Ibrahim, (General of that Prince) in 1548. In the Reign of Amurath, it re∣belled again; and was again taken and sacked by the Turks in 1585. In 1603. Abas, King of Persia, took it by Stratagem: ever since which, it has been under the Persians. The Learned Minadoi, (in his Histo∣ry of the Turkish and Persian War, pag. 311.) thus describes it. It is seated (saith he) on the North side of Mount Orontes; having Persia to the East, the Caspian Mountains to the West, and the Caspian Sea to the North: in a fruitful Plain; in a cold, snowy, healthful Air; abounding with all things need∣ful for the Life of Man; enriched by great Caravans of Merchants, which pass to and fro through it; so populous, that it maintains two hundred thousand Inhabitants; yet without any Walls or Bastions, or the least defence against an Enemy: The Houses are low and mean: the Gardens, Fountains, Basars and Mosques, Magnificent and Sumptuous. Sir John Char∣din, who saw this City, agrees with him: and adds, that a small River (called Spingicha,) runs across through it; and another called Agi, on the North side. Long. 88. 00. Lat. 41. 19. Sir John Chardin estimated the Inhabitants to be five hundred and fifty thousand: so much has a long Peace improved it since Minadoi's time. It extends its Commerce over Per∣sia, Turkey, Tartary, Moscovy, and the Biack Sea; consisting much in Cottons, Silks, Chagrines, Bro∣cades, &c. which fills it well with Strangers. The Mosques are reckoned to two hundred and fifty; where∣of some have been Christian Churches. The Capu∣chines had a convenient House built in this City in 1668. Without the City to the South, appear the Ruins of the Palace of the ancient Kings of Persia: and to the East, the like of a Castle, which was the Royal Seat of Chosroes. The Geographers generally affirm, Tauris stands in the place of the ancient Ec∣batana. It is governed by a Beglerbeg, of great power and consideration in the Kingdom of Persia.
Taurn, Alpes Noricae, a branch of the Alpes in Carinthia.
Taurus, the greatest Mountain in all Asia; so called, as Eustathius saith, from its Magnitude. It begins at the East or Chinian Ocean; and traverseth the whole body of Asia, as far as the Sea of Pamphy∣lia in the Lesser Asia; dividing Asia into the Nor∣thern and Southern, and assuming various Names in different Places. Yet the particular Name of Taurus belongs most properly to that Branch of this Moun∣tain, which divides Pamphylia and Cilicia from the Lesser Armenia. Sir John Chardin who crossed that part of this Mountain, (called Caucasus) saith; that it is the highest Mountain, and the most difficult to pass over that ever he beheld: full of Rocks and dis∣mal Precipices. The top of it (eight Leagues broad), cover'd with Snow and not inhabited: yet the sides are prodigious fruitful; afford Honey, Wheat, Gums, Wines, and Fruits in vast quantities. The Inhabitants are a good natur'd sort of Christians, In Tartary this Mountain is called Imaus. In this long course it separates many Potent Nations one from another. Herbert (our Country-man) saith; that it is fifty English Miles over, and fifteen hundred long.
Taxiala, a great City of India, mentioned by Strabo and Philostratus, as the Residence of the an∣cient King Phraortes. But we have now no know∣ledge of it; unless, the same with Cambaia.
Taw, a River in Devonshire, upon which Barn∣staple stands.
Tay, Tavus, is a great River in Scotland; which arising from Mount Grampus, and flowing East helps to divide that Kingdom into two parts; the Nor∣thern and the Southern. Its Fountains are in Al∣bany. It passeth through Athole and Perth, wa∣tering Dunkeld and Aberneth; and between Angus to the North, and Fife to the South, by a vast Arm of the Sea falls into the German Sea; almost twenty English Miles North of St. Andrews.
Taygetus, a Mountain of the Province of Laco∣nia in the Peloponnesus: consecrated in Pagan times to Castor and Pollux. Standing in the neighbour∣hood of Sparta, (now Misitra); and being broken once by an Earthquake, it did much mischief to that City.
Tearus, a River of Thrace, salling into the He∣brus: so admired by Darius, the Son of Hystaspes, for its Water according to Herodotus; that he erected a Colom in its honor.
Teane, a River in Staffordshire, upon which Checkley is situated.
Tebesca, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa: which was a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Carthage.
Tech, Ter, Illybiris, Thicis, Tichis, a small River in the County of Roussillon; which springeth out of the Pyrenean Hills in the Borders of Cerdanna; wa∣tereth Arles and Cerdanna; then falls into the Me∣diterranean Sea, twelve Miles from the Mouth of the Egli to the South.
Tectosagae, an ancient People of Gallia Narbo∣nensis; whose Capital City was the modern Tolose. They made an incursion into Germany, and there established themselves, near the Hyrcinian Forest.
Tedles, Tedlesia, a Province in the Kingdom of Morocco: Its chief City is Tofza.
Tees, Athesis, Tuasis, a River which parts Eng∣land from Scotland: It ariseth in Twedale; there∣fore called the Tweed no less frequently; and run∣ning Eastward, and being augmented by the Cale at Rydam, it becomes a boundary; at Tiltmouth takes in the Bromyshe out of Northumberland; and on the South side of Barwick, entereth the German Ocean.
Teflis, Artaxata, Arxata, Tephlis, Zogocara, the Capital City of Georgia; in the Province of Car∣duel, upon the River Khur, or Cyrus. Anciently one of the greatest Cities of the East; but being taken and ill handled by the Turks, it consists of very few Inhabitants; under the King of Persia. (Baudrand). Sir John Chardin who saw it some few years since, contrariwise assures us it is one of the fairest, though not the biggest Cities in Persia; at the bottom of a Mountain, upon the River Cur; incompassed on all sides, but the South, (where the River secureth it) with a strong and beautiful Wall; and has about fourteen Christian Churches, served by Armenians and
Georgians; together with a large Castle guarded by Natural Persians only. The Bishops See or Pa∣lace is near the Cathedral Church. It has in the mean time not one Mosque, (except a small one lately built in the Castle;) because the Christians will not endure it, and the Persians are too wise to exasperate their Frontier People; who can with ease call in the Turks to revenge the Injuries of their Religion. It is well Peopled, full of Strangers, who resort thither on the ac∣count of Trade. Twice in the hands of the Turks, in the Reigns of Ishmael II, and Solyman his Son. The latter took this and Tauris about 1548. The Persian Tables place it, Long. 83. 00. Lat. 43. 05. The Congregation at Rome de propaganda fide, keeping a Mission of Capuchins in Georgia, (who understand Physick and by that means render themselves very acceptable to the Country;) their Praefect resides here. It is the Seat of the Viceroy of Georgia.
Tefza, a City in the Province of Tedles in the King∣dom of Morocco; built on an high Hill by the River Derna.
Tegan, Teganum, a City in the Province of Hu∣quam in China. The Capital over five Cities.
Tegaza, a Desart in Nigritia in Africa.
Tegaea, an antient City of Arcadia in the Pelo∣ponnesus; which was a Bishops See under the Arch∣bishop of Corinth.
Tegeste, a Peninsula in Florida, in North A∣merica.
Tegorarin, a City and Territory in Biledulgerid in Africa.
Teissa, or Tiissa, Tibiscus, the Theysse, a River of the Ʋpper Hungary; which ariseth in the Carpa∣thian Mountains; and floweth through Transylvania hither, to pay its Tribute to the Danube. Segedin stands upon it. The Hungarians use to say, It is two parts Water and the third Fish.
Tejum, an ancient City of Paphlagonia in the Les∣ser Asia: remarkable by being the Birth-place of A∣nacreon the Poet, who died of a Grape-stone sticking in his Throat.
Telepte, an Ancient City of the Province of By∣zacena, in the Kingdom of Tunis in Barbary. It was a Bishops See, particularly remarkable in the per∣son of Donatus; who, in 418, celebrated a Council at it against the Pelagians. Now in slavery to the Moors.
Telessia, a City of the ancient Samnium in Italy; (now in the Province called Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples.) It became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento, and was adorned with the Title of a Dukedom. But since 1612, the See has been transserred from hence.
Telgen, Telga, a City in Sudermannia in Sweden, four Miles from Stockholm, to the North-West.
Temesen, Temesena, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez.
Temeswaer, Temesuaria, a Town in the Ʋpper Hungary; which is the Capital of a County of the same Name. A great and strong place, seated upon the River Temes (whence it has its Name:) five Leagues from Lippa, towards the Borders of Transylvania; and about ten from Belgrade. The Turks twice at∣tempted it before they took it, (in 1552) from the Transylvanians: upon which they bestowed great costs in the fortifying of it, and esteem it invincible; as indeed it is the strongest Place they have left them. The County of Temeswaer is bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania,; on the West by the Tibiscus, on the South by the Danube, and on the East by Moldavia.
Temiam, Temiamum, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa: bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Gangara, on the West by that of Bito, on the South by the River Niger, and on the East by the Desart of Sert or Seu. The principal City of which is Temican.
Tempe, a sweet Valley in the Province of Thessa∣lia, in Macedonia, watered by the River Peneo. The Poets have rendered it famous to all Ages. It lies betwixt the Mountains Olympus and Ossa. And some place the ancient City Lycosthome in it, which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa.
Temruck, or Tomaruchi, Tyrambe, Tyrambis, a City of Crim Tartary in Asia; sixteen Miles from the Cimmerian Bosphorus to the East, and ten from the Lake of Corocondam to the North.
Tenbury, a Market Town in Worcestershire, up∣on the Edge of Shropshire, and the Banks of the Ri∣ver Tent: in the hundred of Doddington.
Tende, Tenda, a Town in the County of Nizza, in the Appenine, near the Borders of the States of Ge∣noua: eighteen Miles from Alba to the North, and twenty five from Fossano South: which has a Moun∣tain near it, called Le col de Tende; and a very strong Castle. This was a Sovereign State, under Counts of its own; but now subject to the Duke of Savoy.
Tenduc, Tenducum, a City and Kingdom of the Asian Tartary. Bounded on the North by the Great Tartary, on the East by Jupia, on the West by the Kingdom of Tangut, and on the South by China. This Prince has within a little more than forty years last past, Conquered the Kingdom of China; and is one of the greatest Princes in the World. His Domi∣nions extending from Cochin China to the River Obb, North-West and South-East. There is lately pub∣lished a short Account of these Tartars, in two Let∣ters written by a Chinian Jesuit, who travelled with this King into Tartary.
Tenedos, a small Island of sixteen Miles in Com∣pass: five from the Shores of Asia, twenty five from the Island Metelino to the North in the Archipelago, and eighteen from the Dardanels to the South: cal∣led by the Turks Bosh Adasi, the Barren Island: yet it affords excellent Muscadine Wine; Plenty of Game: and is well situated to bridle the Streights of Gallipoli: It has a City, two Castles, and an Harbor for small Vessels: and being taken by the Venetians (with whom the Genouese disputed the possession of it a long time), was betrayed to the Turks by their Go∣vernor. In the time of Troy, which stood within two Leagues of it, this Island was consecrated to Apollo; and the Graecian Navy, seigning a Despair to take that City, retired hither to disguise their design. It became since Christianity, a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mitelene. The Promontorium Sigaeum, or Cape Janizzari, lies near it.
Teneriffa, one of the Canary or Azores Islands in the Atlantick Ocean; over against Mauritania in Barbary; called by the Natives Theneriffe. It is about forty eight Spanish Leagues in Circumference. Fruit∣ful, populous, rich, and has been subject to the Spa∣niards ever since 1496. The Ancients called this Nivaria; (as is supposed), because the top of its Point or Peak, which is thought the highest in the World, and very sharp, is rarely without Snow. This Peak is said to be fifteen Miles high: and may be seen one hundred and twenty English Miles at Sea. The principal Towns in it are Laguna and S. Croce. To which belongs an excellent Haven. Blake and English Admiral, April 20, in 1657, (notwithstanding a Ca∣stle, seven Forts, sixteen great Galeons, all well man'd and provided with Cannon and Ammunition, which threatned his inevitable Ruine) entred this Harbor: and in six hours time beat the Spaniards out of their Ships and Forts too. He put the English in possession of the vast Treasure of a West India Fleet: which they plundered; and burnt all those Spanish Ships they found. This Island is no less remarkable for having
been made the first Meridian by many of the latter Geographers. § The Spaniards have given the same Name to a Town in the Province called Terra firma, in South America: standing near the Confluence of the Rivers S. Magdalena and S. Martha.
Tenez, a City and Kingdom towards the Coasts of the Mediterranean, and West of the Kingdom of Algiers; in Barbary.
Tengchieu, a City in the Province of Xantum in China; which stands upon the Chiman Ocean on the Bay of Nanquin; and is very strongly fortified. Long. 149. 00. Lat. 37. 00.
Teno, Tenos, Tine, an Island in the Archipelago, under the Venetians; who have been Masters of it above these three hundred years. It is a Latin Bishops See; and but few Greeks live here. In Pagan times it was famous for a Temple consecrated to Neptune. It pro∣duceth Wine, Figs, and Silk. Hath a Fortress and a City of its own Name, Teno: but Hydrusia and O∣phiusa were the first and ancientest Names of this Island.
Tenterden, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath.
Tentyra, an Island and City in the Nile, in the Kingdom of Egypt: mentioned by Juvenal.
Teos, an Ancient City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia: which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of E∣phesus.
Ter. See Tech.
Teramo, Aprutium, a City of the Further A∣bruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bi∣shops See.
Terassa, the same with Tarsus.
Terbestan, the Caspian See.
Tercera, Tertiaria or Tertia, the principal of the Azores Islands: twenty five Miles from East to West, but not of equal breadth: about sixteen Leagues in circuit: surrounded with Rocks which render it difficult of Access. It lies forty Leagues from Teneriffe to the East. The chief City of this and all the Azores, is Angara; which is a Bishops See, and with Fort San Felippe under the Portuguese. From this Island the Azores are sometimes called the Tercera Isles. It is much subject to Farthquakes: and has a Fountain particularly remarkable for a virtue to petrifie Wood.
Tergowisch. See Targovisto.
Terki, Terchium, the principal City of Circassia, in Asia: in a well watered Plain; about one German Mile from the Caspian Sea to the West, sixty from A∣stracan to the South, and thirty six from Derbent to the North-West, Long. 76. 30. Lat. 45. 05. This City being some years since put into the hands of the Duke of Moscovy, has of late been carefully fortified as a Frontier against the Persians on that side. Olea∣rius assures us it stands in Lat. 43. 23, in a Plain which bounds the sight upon the River Temenski; which issueth out of the Lake of Bustro, and facilitates the Correspondence between the Town and the Caspian Sea. The Town is fortified with Rampiers and Bastions of Earth; and has a Garrison of two thousand Russ, paid by the Great Duke.
Terlee, a famous Abbey for Women of the Or∣der of S. Bernard, in the State of Holland: founded by the ancient Earls of Holland: a League and a half off Leyden; but broken and ruined since the Re∣formation there.
Termini, or Termuli, Termulae, Buca, a City in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento: and stands upon the Adriatick Sea, at the Mouth of the River Tiferno, in the Borders of the Hither A∣bruzzo: thirty Miles from Lanciano to the East. § Also a Town in the Island of Sicily, upon a River of its own Name: risen out of the Ruines of the ancient City Himera; and called in Latin Writers Terminus Himeriorum. The River Termine bad the same anci∣ent Name with the City.
Terna, Torna, a River which runs through Artois, and falls into the Canche at Hesdin.
Ternate, Ternata, the chief of the sive Molucco Islands. Now in the Hands of the Hollanders; tho it has a King of its own, who resides in the Town of Malay: the Dutch have some Ports in this Island, to secure its Possession. There are two ports belonging to it. The Island Tider lies within one League of it.
Terni, Interamna, an ancient Latin Colony, and a City of Ombra, in the States of the Church in Italy; which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope. It stands in a Plain upon the River Nare; twelve Miles from Spoleto to the South in the Road to Ancona; and has many rare Antiquities to shew.
Ternois, Ternensis Pagus, a small Tract in Ar∣tois, in the County of S. Paul; which takes its Name from Terna.
Ternova, Ternobum, a City of Bulgaria; men∣tioned by Gregoras and Calchondylas: now the Resi∣dence of the Turkish Sangiack, and anciently the Seat of the Despote. It stands upon the River Jan∣tra or Ischar; near Mount Hemus, in the Borders of Thrace upon an Hill; and was heretofore very strong, but now neglected. Thirty German Miles from Adrianople to the North-West, and twenty five from Sophia to the North-East.
Terovanné, Tarvanna, Ternana, Civitas Mori∣norum, a City of Artois, in the Low-Countries; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Reims, upon the River Leye; but being recovered out of the hands of the French by Charles V. in 1553. intirely ruined and never rebuilt. The Morini were its ancient Inhabitants. And we may observe, the year of its destruction by Charles V, is expressed in the Chronogram of these two Words, DeLetI MorInI. It stood six leagues from Bologne to the East, and two from S. Omers to the South. This Diocese was divided into three, viz. into that of Bo∣logne, S. Omers and Ypres.
Terra Arctica, or the Artick Continent, com∣prehends New Denmark, Estoiteland, Hudsons-bay, Greenland, Spitzberg; and the undiscovered Regions beyond, or towards the Arctick Circle.
—Australis, a vast Country towards the Antarctick Circle: discovered in 1503, by a French∣man of Honsleur in Normandy; who in a Voyage to the East-Indies, was driven upon the Eastern Coasts of it; and remaining for some time there, sound it to be cantoned into a number of petty Kingdoms; indifferently peopled: yielding several sorts of Roots for Dying, unknown in Europe; with wild Beasts, Fowl, Fish, &c. He calls it in the declaration of his Voyage, the South Indies. In 1615, James le Maure, a Native of Amsterdam, made a Discovery of another part of it, to the East of the Streights of his own Name: which he called Statenlandt: the same time that he discovered his own Streights and Mauritz∣landt.
—di Bari, Apulia Peucetia, Barensis Ager, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples. Bounded on the North and East by the Adriatick Sea; on the West by Capitanata, cut off by the River Ofanto; on the South by the Basilicate and Otranto. This is a considerable part of that which the Ancients call A∣pulia Peucetia. The principal places in it are Andria, Bari, Bitonto, Conversano, Gravina, Molfetta, Ru∣vo, Trani and Biseglia. The French call it the Pro∣vince de Bar.
—Firma, a Province of New Spain, in South America; upon the Isthmus of Panama.
—del Fuego, an Island betwixt the Streights of Magellan and le Mair; in the uttermost parts of South America.
—di Lavoro, Terra Laboris, is a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea. Bounded on the North by Abruzzo, on the East by the Hither Principato, and on the West by the Sea. It is extremely fruitful; watered by the Garigliano and Volturno; and has the Happiness of Naples for its Capital. The other principal Places and Cities are Ischia, Gaeta, Caiazzo, Capua, Nola, Pozzuolo, So∣ra, Sorrento and Venafro. This Province contains a part of Campania Foelix, and of the ancient La∣tium.
—d' Otranto, Japygia, Jesso, Messapia, Calabria; Hydruntina, Santa, Terra. See Otran∣to, &c.
Terracina, Tarracina, Anxur, an ancient City in the States of the Church in Italy, in the Province of Campania di Roma, in the Borders of the King∣dom of Naples, at the Mouth of the River called il Portatore (Ʋfens,) upon the Tyrrhenian Sea. It has a Castle; but is a place of no Strength, by reason of a Mountain which commands it: It has a Harbor too; but of little use; the City being almost deserted by reason of the unhealthfulness of the Air. Sixty Miles from Rome to the West, and Naples to the East. A Bishops See immediately under the Pope. Long. 32. 2. Lat. 41. 18.
Terrain, Terin, Tara, a small River in the Isle of France, which watereth Beauvais: then falls into the Oise, a little above Creil in Beanvais.
Terring, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Bramber Rape; not far from the Sea.
Terne, a River in Shropshire, upon which Dray∣ton is situated. It is a Boundary between that County and Staffordshire.
Terskoy Leporie, Tersa Leporia, the most East∣ern part of Lapland: under the Russ; between the Frozen and the White Sea, and that part of Lapland which is under the Swedes. It is a desolate Country; has neither Towns nor Villages, though some Inha∣bitants.
Tervel, Tiar, Julia, Turulium, Turia, Terulum, a City of the Kingdom of Arragon, upon the River Turia; where it takes in the Alhambra; twenty four Leagues from Tortosa, and ten from Valencia. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarra∣goza.
Teschin, Teschena, a small City in Silesia in Bohe∣mia; called by the Inhabitants Tessin, by the Germans Teschin. It is the Capital of a Dukedom; upon the River Oelss, upon the Confines of Moravia; seven Miles from Ratibor to the South. The Dukedom of Teschin lies at the head of the Vistula: between the Lesser Poland to the East; Hungary to the South, Moravia to the West, and the Dukedom of Ratibor to the North.
Tesino, Tuinus, Ticinus, a celebrated River in Lombardy; which ariserh out of Mont de S. Godard, one of the Alpes; and flowing through the Lake cal∣led il Lago Maggiore, (Verbanus) towards the South, entereth the Dukedom of Milan: washeth the Walls of Pavia; then four Miles lower falls into the Po; preserving the clearness and perspicuity of the Stream four Miles further in that thick and troubled River, as Ferrarius faith.
Test, a River in Hampshire, which joins with the Itching at their common fall into the Ocean, near Southampton. Whitechurch, Stocksbridge, and Rum∣sey are all three situated upon it.
Tet, the same with Egli.
Tetrapolis, a Territory with four remarkable Ci∣ties in it, in the ancient Syria; viz. Antioch, Seleucia, Apamea, and Laodicea; therefore called Sisters to one another.
Tetuan, Teteguina, Tetuanum, a strong City which is a petty Republick in the North part of the Kingdom of Fez; twenty five Miles from the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, and forty from Fez to the North.
Il Tevere. See Tiber.
Teverone, Anio, a River of Italy; which ariseth in Campania di Roma, three Miles above Trevi; and dividing the Ancient Latium from Sabina, falls into the Tiber, three Miles North of Rome.
Teutones, the Ancient Germans: from whom Germany took the Name of Teutschlandt. They su∣stained a long War with the Romans, and remained in the end the Invincible Enemies of that Empire. Lu∣can distinguisheth the Cantabri and them by their long and short Arms;
Cantaber exiguis aut longis Teutonus armis.
Teutschlandt, Terra Teutonica, one of the anci∣ent Names of Germany.
Tewksbury, a Market Town and Borrough in Worcestershire: the Capital of its Hundred; repre∣sented in the lower H••use of Parliament by two Bur∣gesses. The North Avon falls into the Severne here. It is watered with two Rivulets besides. In the year 1471, at this place was fought a memorable Bat∣tel betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York, by King Henry VI, and his successor Edward IV; in which the former suffered an entire Defeat; and Ed∣ward the young Prince (only Son to King Henry VI.) was slain.
Texel, Texelia, a small Island at the Mouth of the Zuyder Zee; which has a strong Castle and a good Harbor on its South side. The usual place where the Dutch Fleet rendezvouz in times of War. Near it the Illustrious General Monk (afterwards Duke of Albemarle) beat the Dutch Fleet, July 31. 1653; slew their famous Admiral Van Trump; burnt and sunk twenty six of their Men of War, with the loss of only two small English Ships; and drove the rest in∣to the Texel. Which being seen by the People from the Shore, prevented the usual Ceremony of a Thanks∣giving for being beaten.
Teyder-Aa, Teydera, a River of Livonia in Lit∣land; which watereth Adzal and Wolmer, then falls into the Bay of Livonia.
Teysterbandt, Testerbantum, a small County in the Dukedom of Cleves: towards the Maes, the Wael and the Rhine: in the North of Cleves, and on the Southern Border of Guelderland: which has been uni∣ted to Cleves seven hundred years.
Thabor, a celebrated Mountain in Galilee, in Pale∣stine: six Miles from Nazareth to the East; near the Plain of Esdrelon and the Valley of Iesreel; ha∣ving the Brook of Endor springing from its foot. Josephus gives it the Height of thirty Greek Stadia; and the Plain upon the top of it, the compass of two thousand five hundred Paces; where the Wind blows very to hard and cold in the hottest Seasons. Here our Saviour honoured S. Peter, James and John with the View of his glorious Transfiguration: in memory whereof Helena, the Mother of Constantine the Great, built upon the place a stately Church with three small Chapppels, representing the three Tabernacles in S. Peter's Wish: which Chappels now are almost bu∣ried under the Ruines of the Church; saving one Al∣tar, used sometimes for Mass by the Religious of Na∣zareth. Alexander Jannaeus, King of Judah, who began his Reign one hundred and three years before Christ, built a Fortress upon this Mountain; which probably continued till the time of our Saviour; and
was the same with that, taken by Composition in the year after Christ 82, by Vespasian; when the Church and Chappels were demolished. These latter were re∣established in 1099, by Godfrey of Bouillon; and divided betwixt the Greek Calcyers and the Bene∣dictine Monks; under a Bishop, a Suffragan to the Pa∣triarch of Jerusalem. In 1187, Saladine took the Mountain and ruined its Works. In 1253, the Chri∣stians retook it; and Pope Alexander gave it to the Templars. But in 1290, it was finally lost from the Christians to the Sultan of Egypt. It stands in a round conical figure; with its sides to the West and South, full of Shrubs and Greens.
Thamar, Rha, the same with Wolgha.
Thame, a Market Town in Oxfordshire, upon the Borders of Buckinghamshire; which takes its Name from the River Thame (one of the Fountains of the Thames, joining with the Isis at Dorchester;) whose Branches almost encompass it, and are here covered with a Bridge leading into Buckinghamshire. It is the Capital of its hundred; and enjoys the Benefit of a Free-School, and a Hospital, founded by the Lord Williams of Thame.
Thames, Thamesis, Tamesis, Jamissa, the prin∣cipal River of England. Which has this Name from the Thame and Isis, two smaller Rivers, its Foun∣tains. The first of these arises in Buckinghamshire: the second in VViltshire. The second is far the great∣er; receives the VVindrush and the Evenclods before it arrives at Oxford; beneath that City, the Charwell a noble Flood; and at Dorchester it takes the Thame. Then sporting it self with vast turns, it watereth VVal∣lingford, Reading, and Henly: dividing Buckingham∣shire from Surrey, it watereth VVindsor: so passeth to Stanes in Middlesex: above which it takes in the Colne; and watering Hampton-Court, Kingston, Brentford and Chelsey; it gently glides between West∣minster and London on the North, and Southwark on the South; where it is covered by one of the noblest Bridges in the World. More to the East it receives the Lea out of Essex; & being now able to bear vast Ships, it hasteth by Graves End into the German Ocean; be∣tween Essex to the North, and Kent to the South.
Thanet, Tan••tos, Thanatos & Athanatos in Solinus, a small Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent; surrounded on the South by the Sea; and on the West by the River Stoure, here called the Yenlade: about eight Miles long, and four broad. In this Island the Saxons first land∣ed; and also S. Augustine the Monk. In 1628, Ni∣colas Lord Tufton was created Earl of Thanet by Charles I. Richard the fifth of this Family, suc∣ceeded in 1680.
Thaurn, Taurus.
Thaxted, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the hundred of Dunmow.
Theaco, Ithaca, an Island in the Ionian Sea, be∣twixt Cephalonia, Sancta Maura, and the Curzolari; under the Venetians. The Italians call it Val di Compare. It reckons about fifteen thousand Inha∣bitants; a great part, banished persons from Zante, Cephalonia, and Corfu. It hath a spacious and safe Haven; but no City or good Town; only some Villages: and it pretends to shew the ruins of Pene∣lope's House; supposing Ʋlysses to have been a Native of this Ithaca.
Thebe, Thebae, two celebrated Cities in Antiquity; in Egypt and Greece. That in Egypt received its ruin from Cornelius Gallus, Governour of Egypt. But the marks of its former Opulence, the number of its Inhabitants, its Conquests, the tribute and imposts it paid to the King, and to the Temples, remained en∣graved in Egyptian Characters upon Obelisks in Ger∣manicus's time; who visited (as Tacitus says) the ruins of this City in his Travels. It contained one hundred and forty Stadia in Circuit, one hundred Gates; and according to those Obelisks, seven hundred thousand fighting Men. See Diospolis▪ § The other in B••eotia in Greece, hath ever pretended to challenge the an∣cient Cadmus for its Founder, about the year of the World 2620: nigh one thousand four hundred years before the coming of Christ. During which Inter∣val, it was first adorned with the Title of a King∣dom. Next changed into a Republick of great Pu∣issance; which maintained War against both the A∣thenians and Lacedaemonians; and over the latter gained a signal Victory by the conduct of their Ge∣neral Epamin••nd••s, at the Battel of Leuctra: when both h•• and Cleombrotus General of the Lacedaemo∣nians were slain. Philip K. of Macedon, Conquered this City, and Garrisoned it with Macedo••ians: whose yoak they regretted, till they revol ed, upon the death of that King And refusing to submit to his Son Alexander; He by ••orce reconquering them, entire∣ly ••uined this City (saving the single House of the Poet Pindar) and divided the Lands amongst his Soldiers, ••bout the year of Rome 419. and the CXI. Olympaid. Cassander, the Son of Antipater King of Macedonia, twenty years after, rebuilt it: and his work is par••ly standing at this day in the quality of a Village, under the Turks; but before those des••royers of Mankind possess'd it, it was the See of an Archbishop. See Stives.
Thebes. See Stives.
Theobalds, a Palace Royal of the Kings of Eng∣land in H••••fordshire, in the Hundred of Hartford; not ••ar ••rom Hodsdon on the Lea, and less from Wal∣tham Abbey in Essex. It is delightfully situated amongst Groves and Springs. Sir William Cecil, Lord Treasurer of England, built it; and Robert Lord Cecil his Son, (of the same office to K. Jam I) much beautified it.
Theoskeposti, the Grotto in the Island of Patmos in the Archipelago, wherein S. John is said to have written his Apocalypse.
Thermia, Ferma, and Ferminea (as the Ita∣lians call it,) Polyaegas, an Island in the Archipela∣go towards Europe; which hath a considerable City of its own name, and a Castle: and a Spring of hot mineral Waters, not far from the Sea; from whence it took the name of Thermia.
Thermodon, the same with Pormon. §. The An∣cients frequently mention a River in Scythia Europaea in the Country of the Amazons, of this name also.
Thermopylae, a Streight or narrow passage at the great Mountain Oeta, and the Gulph of Zyton, in the extreme Borders of the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia; leading into Phocis in Achaia: Now called Bocca di Lupo, or the Wolf's mouth. Of great fame in Antiquity, for being maintained by Leonidas, General of the Lacedaemonians with three or four hun∣dred Men, against a vast Army of the Persians under Xerxes.
Thespia, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, near the Mountain Helicon. It has been a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Athens. But, as it lies now under the Tyranny of the Turks, a poor Vil∣lage.
Thessalia, a very considerable Province of Ma∣cedonia toward the South. Bounded on the South by Achaia, (now Livadia); on the West by Epirus; on the North by Macedonia properly so called; and by the Archipelago and the Bay of Thessalonica to the East. The Capital City of which is Larissa: now called Comenolitari by Castaldus, and by Brietius Janna: under the Turks. It had in the beginning Kings of its own. Next, it became subject to the Macedonians and Romans. It had Marquesses of its
own, in the latter part of the times of the Greek Emperors: Bonifacius being made Marquess of Thes∣salia, in 1210: whose Posterity possessed it till about 1380. When Amurath Conquered the greatest part of this Country, and his Posterity still enjoy it. It is incompassed by the Olympus, Pindus, Ossa, and Oeta; (four great Mountains:) its Inhabitants were in the ancient Times so famous for their Chivalry, that Philip of Macedon sought and obtained the Do∣minion of it chiefly on that account. Very fruitful, reasonably well Peopled, and for the most part inhabi∣ted by Christians.
Thessalonica, a great Maritim City of Macedo∣nia; the Metropolis of that ancient Kingdom, cal∣led of old Thermae, now Salonichi. It has had the for∣tune to keep up something of its ancient Greatness and Wealth: still an Archbishops See, and a popu∣lous City; defended by ancient Walls and a Castle; and blessed with a large safe Haven. The greatest part of its Inhabitants are Jews. It stands at the foot of an Hill, upon a small River, at the bottom of a Bay called by its own name: two hundred and twenty Miles from Durazzo to the East, three hundred and fifty from Constantinople to the South-West, and two hundred and thirty from Athens to the North. Long. 47. 50. Lat. 42. 10. S. Paul Converted it to the Christian Faith, and wrote two Epistles to it a∣bout the year of Christ 52. Timothy was sent by S. Paul to instruct and confirm them in the same Faith. In 390. Theodosius the Great slew seven thou∣sand of its Inhabitants for a Tumult. In 895. It was taken and sacked by the Saracens: In 1423. it was sold to the Venetians. In 1431. Amurath II. took it from them. In the year 1688. the Vene∣tians bombarded it, till the Inhabitants submitted to the Contributions demanded of them.
Thetford, Sitomagum, Sciani, a small but very ancient Roman Town in the County of Norfolk: up∣on the little Ouse; in the Borders of the County of Suffolk. Twenty Miles from Norwich to the South-West, seventeen from Ely to the East, and eight from Bury to the North. This ancient Town was sacked by Sweno the Dane, in 1004. and suffered more from them in 1010. About 1047. the Bishops See of the East-Angles was removed hither from Elmham. He∣rebert, the next Bishop, removed in 1067. to Nor∣wich. The Conqueror in his Survey sound two hundred Houses soon after empty: ever since it has been decaying: yet it is a Corporation, sends two Burgesses to Parliament, and gave the Title of a Vis∣count to the Right Honourable Henry Bennet Earl of Arlington. The Lent Assizes for the County are usually kept here.
Thiano, a ruined City in the Province called Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples: which had a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento.
Thibet, Thibetum, a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary; between Tartary, (properly so called,) and the Desart Tartary to the North, Indosthan to the South, Tangut to the East, and Mawaralnatharia to the West. Of which there is little known but the Name. Some make it the same with, others a part of, Turquestan.
Thienen, Atheniensis Legio, Tenae, and Tillemon∣tium, is a Town of Brabant: called by the French Tillemont; upon the small Rivolet Geet, (which be∣neath Hallen falls into the Demere,) about six Leagues from Namur to the North, and a little more from Brussels to the East. Now a great Town: and for∣merly of great Import and Trade; as appears by this, that her Walls have been thrice inlarged. In the late Wars (saith Guicciardin) between the French, Liegeois and Low Countries, it has been much wa∣sted; and in part desolated, though the Inhabitants enjoy great Privileges. In 1578. this Place was ceded to Don John of Austria. In 1635. taken by the French.
Thionville, Divodurum, Theodonis Villa, a City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh; called by the Germans, Diedenhoven. It is a small, but very strong Place, and stands upon the Moselle: four Leagues from Mets to the North, nine from Trier to the South-West, and about eleven from Montmedi to the East. This Place was much beloved and fre∣quented by Charles the Great, as Eginhard saith. He ordinarily assembled the Nobility and Clergy of his Estates here: and particularly in 806, when he part∣ed his Kingdom amongst his three Sons. In 835. a Council at this City deposed the Archbishop of Rheims, as Author of an attempt against the Person of Lewis the Debonaire K. of France; whom the said Archbishop and his Adherents had deprived of Royal Dignity. In 844. Charles the Bald assisted at another Council here. In the latter Times it was often ta∣ken by the French: who ever since 1644. have in∣tirely possessed it; the Peace of the Pyrenees con∣firming it to them.
Thorax, a Mountain near the City Manissa in Ly∣dia, in the Lesser Asia.
The Christians of S. Thomas, an ancient Church of the Eastern Christians about Goa, Melia∣pour, Cranganoor, &c. in the Hither East-Indies: Which claiming its Establishment from the Apostle S. Thomas (whose Body is pretended to be preserved at Goa,) keeps it self at an entire Independency from the Laws and Rites of both the Roman and Greek Churches: whose several Founders (it says) were the Heads of the Churches of their own Foundations; but no more; and so S. Thomas was the Head of Theirs. In 1546. Dom Juan Albuquerque a Franciscan, Arch∣bishop of Goa, erected a College at Cranganoor, for the conversion of these Christians to the Church of Rome. In 1587. the Jesuits established another, one League from Cranganoor. And in 1559. Me∣neses, Archbishop of Goa and Primate of the East, was employed in a grand Mission hither to promote the same Conversion. But the Christians of S. Tho∣mas will not, by all the endeavours that are used, be induced to forsake the ancient Customs of their Fore∣fathers. They use the Chaldee language in their Of∣fices. Acknowledge the Patriarch of Babylon for their Chief. Practise their own Ceremonies; and in mat∣ters of Faith are Nestorians.
Thongcaster, an ancient Town in the division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire: upon the side of a Hill. Owing its rise to a Castle, said to be built here with the permission of Vortiger the British Prince by Hen∣gist the Saxon, after his Victory over the Picts and Scots.
Thorn, Torunium, a City of Prussia Regalis, upon the Vistula; four Polish Miles from Culm, twenty two from Dantzick to the South, and twenty nine from Warsaw to the North-West. This was once an Imperial and Free City, under the protection of the Teutonick Order, whom some make the Founders of it in 1234: but in 1454. it put it self into the Hands of the Poles, who have granted it great Privileges. Nicolas Copernicus, the great Astronomer, was a Na∣tive of this Place. Albert King of Poland, died here in 1501. In 1645. there was a Conference here between the Lutherans, Calvinists, and Roman Catholicks; which had no success. In 1655. this Place was taken by the Swedes: retaken by the Poles in 1658. by a Siege of six Months.
Thornbury, a Market Town in Gloucestershire. The Capital of its Hundred.
Thorne, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.
Thorney-I••e, a small Island, to the East of Ports∣mouth, in Hampshire.
Thou, a Castle in Champagne; giving name to the ancient and Honourable Family de Thou, which produced the Historian, Jacobus Augustus Thuanus in the last Century; born in 1553. made Counsellor of State to Henry IV. of France and Commissioner, at the Conference of Fontainbleau in 1600; he compo∣sed a noble History of his times from 1543. to 1608. in one hundred thirty eight Books in Latin, and dyed May 17 1617. in great Honor.
Thovars, Duracium, a City of Poictou in France, upon the River Tove: six Leagues beneath Salmur to the South, towards Rochelle, and the Confines of Anjou. It gives the Title of a Duke: and was lately beautified by a magnificent Castle, built by the Duke de Tremolle.
Thoura, Aremone, or Emmone, Armenia the Less in Asia.
Thrace, Thracia, Pieria, Odrysia, is a great Pro∣vince of Greece, called by the Italians, Romania; by the Greeks, Rumelie; and by the Turks, Icella. Bounded on the South by the Archipelago; on the East by the Propontis, and the Black Sea; on the North by Bulgaria, and on the West by Macedonia. The Principal Cities in it are Constantinople, Gallipoli, Adrianople, Philippopoli, Selivrée, and Trajanopoli: two of which are the Royal Cities of the Turkish Em∣pire. The Mariza or Hebrus is its principal River. Rhodope, Orbelus, and Haemus its most famous Moun∣tains. Abdera, Cypsella, and Perinthus, some of its ancient Cities. The Thrausi, mentioned by Livy for a custom of making rejoycings for deaths and mourn∣ings for births, were some of its ancient Inhabitants. This Province is twenty days Journey in length, from East to West; and seven broad. Its Soil not fruit∣ful, nor its Air pleasant. Corn and Fruits by reason of the sharpness of the Air, ripening slowly and yield∣ing meanly. The Story of this Country is already de∣livered in Constantinople and Adrianople.
Thrapston, a Market-Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Navisford, upon the Eastern Banks of the River Nen.
Thrasymene, a Lake in Hetruria (now in Om∣bria) in the States of the Church: upon the Borders of the Dukedom of Thuscany, seven Miles from Pe∣rugia. Hannibal obtained a Victory over Flaminius, a Consul, at this Lake. It is now called the Lake of Perugia, di Castiglione, and di Passignano.
The Three Churches in Turcomannia or Arme∣nia Major, are three famous Monasteries, near to one another, three Leagues from the City Erivan, upon the Borders of Persia: where the Patriarch of the Armenian Christians, attended by his Archbishops and Bishops living in Community, resides under the protection of the King of Persia. They are much vi∣sited by the Caravans that pass that way; receive for their maintenance yearly, a small rent of every Chri∣stian of the age of 15. and are allowed by the King of Persia, steeples and ornaments to their Churches. One of these Monasteries is a Nunnery for Women. The Turks call the place, Eguriasin.
Thrusk or Thirsk, a Market Town and Borough in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Budforth. It had antiently a strong Castle for its security; and now is represented in Parliament by two Burgesses.
Thryn, a River in the County of Norfolk.
Thule, is commonly understood to be Iseland in the Northern Ocean, or Schetland.
Thur, or Dur, Durus, a River of Switzer∣land: which ariseth in the Valley of S John: and watering Durgow, falls into the Rhine; two Miles above Eglisow in the Canton of Zurick. Plantinus saith, it falls into the Rhine at Schellenburgh.
Thuringia, a Province of Germany; called by the Natives, Thuringen, and Duringen. It lies in the Upper Circle of Saxony, between Misnia to the East, Anhault and Brunswick to the North, the Lower Hassia to the West, and Franconia and Henneberg to the South. The Capital is Erfurt, under the Arch∣bishop of Mentz. In the times of the Clodovean Kings of France, this Province had Kings of its own; but now divided amongst many Princes. Lewis the first Land••grave of Thuringe, (who died in 1055.) was a Descendent of Charles the Great, and thought to be the Son of Charles Duke of Lorain, (Brother of Lewis IV. Brother of S. Lewis V. who died in 1215.) In 1423. it became united with the Duke∣dom of Saxony, as it now is. It is invironed with woody Mountains: within, plain, pleasant, and fruit∣ful in Corn: has some Mines of Gold and Silver, and rich Pits of Salt; so that it wants nothing but Wine. About one hundred and twenty Miles square: but so populous, that it has twelve Earldoms, one hundred and forty four Cities, as many Market Towns, one hundred and fifty Castles, and two thousand Vil∣lages.
Tibarent, an ancient People, mentioned by Stra∣bo and Pliny, towards the Euxine Sea, and Cappado∣cia in the Lesser Asia. Neighbours to the Chalybes.
Tiber, Tiberis, is one of the most noted Rivers of Italy; in the most ancient Times called Albula. In those of the Roman Empire, it separated Hetruria from Umbria, Sabina, and Latium. At this day, called by the Italians, Tevere; by the French, le Ti∣bre. It ariseth from Falterona, (one of the Apen∣nine Hills) near Monte Corvaio, (a Village in the Dukedom of Florence; in the Borders of the Eccle∣siastical State, and of Romandiola, twelve Miles from Sarsina to the South:) Running South it watereth Santo Sepulchro, and beneath it takes in the Cherso∣ne: then entering the States of the Church in Om∣bria, it takes in the Nicone, Carpina, and Reggia: and watering Perugia, beneath it admits the Chiascio, Nestore, Paglia, and Nera: Passing into S. Peter's Patri∣mony, it is augmented by the Treggia, Aia, Farfa, and the Teverone: then it passeth through Rome; divides the Patrimony from Campania di Roma; and at Ostia falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, one hundred Miles from its Fountains. It had heretofore two Months. The Southern is now stopped, with the Porto or Ha∣ven, which the Emperours made with vast ex∣pence: The Northern Branch is not maintained without a considerable expence by the Pope at this day.
Tiberias, an ancient City of Galilee, in Palestine; upon the Western Shoar of the Sea of its own name, otherwise called the Lake of Genezareth. Herod gave them both this name to flatter the Roman Em∣perour Tiberius.
Tickhall, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.
Ticou, Ticum, a City in the Island of Sumatra, on the West side; one hundred and eighty Miles from Malaca. Long. 125. almost. It has a large Haven; subject to the King of Achem.
Tideswal, a Market Town in Derbyshire, in the Hundred of High Peak.
Tidor, one of the Molucco Islands.
Tienlique, a small Kingdom included in Bisna∣gar, in the East-Indies.
Tierache, Teoracia, Tirascia, a Tract in Picar∣dy in France; between Hainault to the North, Champagne to the East, Vermandois to the West, and Laonnois to the South. The Chief Towns
of which are, la Fere, Guise, Marle, and la Cha∣pelle.
Tiferno, Tifernus, Phit••rnus, a River in the King∣dom of Naples, now called il Biferno also. It ari∣seth in the County of Molise, from the Apennine, near Bojano: and flowing Eastward watereth Guar∣dia Alferes: and at Termini, a City in the Capita∣nato, falls into the Adriatick Sea.
Tigre, a Kingdom of Abyssinia in the Ʋpper Ae∣thiopia, of great extent. It includes seventeen Pro∣vinces; some, with the Titles of Kingdoms. Banna∣gasso lyes upon the North side of it, next to E∣gypt.
Tigris, a celebrated River in Asia; now called by the Asiaticks, Tigil: One of the most rapid Ri∣vers in the World, from whence it has this Name. It ariseth from the Gordian Mountains, in the Great∣er Armenia; above the Lake of Arethusa, through which it flows towards the South: separating Meso∣potamia from Assyria. In which passage it washeth Majafarequin, Manuscute, Merdin, Mosul or Nine∣ve, and Bagdat. Beneath which at Wasset, it falls into the Euphrates; having received some Branches of that River above Bagdat into its Sreams Monsieur Thevenot, who sailed upon it, observes that it is very crooked, full of Islands and Banks of Stone. The Emperour Trajan designed a Canal to joyn the Eu∣phrates with it; till he found the bed of the Eu∣phrates much higher than that of the Tigris; so that his Canal might render the Euphrates unnavi∣gable. This is the Hiddekel of Gen. 2. 14.
Tiibury, Tilaburgum, a Town on the Thames in Essex: famous for the Residence of S. Chad, Bishop of the East-Angles, when about 630. he Converted and Baptized that Nation. Also for an Encampment here made by Qu. Elizabeths Order, in 1588. when the Spanish Armado was expected.
Tilemont, the same with Thienen.
Tileusont, a Town in Brabant: Pillaged by the French and Hollanders, in 1635.
Timavo, Timavus, a River of Friuli; which a∣rising from nine Fountains, falls presently into the Adriatick Sea, with a great Stream; between Thieste to the East, and the Mouth of Isonzo to the West; after a Course of about three Miles.
Timerais, Theodemerensis Ager, a Tract in France; which was a part of la Beausse and Char∣tres: now taken into the Isle of France. It lies be∣tween Normandy, Chartres, and la Perche: but its Bounds are lost. The Capital of it is Neufchastel. Eighteen Leagues from Paris to the West, and twen∣ty from Orleans to the North.
Tine, Tinia, a City of Bosnia, by the Natives called Kerka: upon a River of the last Name: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spalato. It is little, and ill peopled, being under the Turkish Sla∣very. Twenty five Miles from Sebenico to the North, and thirty five from Spalato.
Tine or Tyne, the River. See Tinmouth.
Tingmouth, a very small, naked, and defenceless Town upon the British Sea, Eastward of Torbay in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Exmister; burnt, (with some Vessels in the Port) by a Detachment out of the French Fleet, July 26. 1690; two days after the Anchorage of that Fleet in Torbay; whi∣ther they came from the fight at Beachy July 22. and ••ailed away Aug. the 4th. and 5th. following: being with their Gallies about one hundred and fif∣teen Sail.
Tingoeses, a Tribe or Hoard of Tartars towards the River Obb, in the Asiatick Tartary: subject to the Moscovites.
Tinmouth, Tunnocellum, Tinomuthum, a consi∣derable Sea-Port and Castle: in the Borders of Nor∣thumberland, and the Bishoprick of Durham: upon the River Tyne, which divides these two Counties, and here falls into the German Sea, having passed by New∣castle, called from it, New-Castle upon Tine. In the Reign of William II. Robert Mowbray, (Earl of Nor∣thumberland) trusting too much to the strength of this Castle, was taken Prisoner by that Prince after a sharp Siege.
Tipasa, an ancient City of Mauritania Caesarien∣sis, in Barbary▪ which was a Bishops See, made par∣ticularly famous in the year 484. (when Cyrola a great Patriarch of the Arrians, was its Bishop) by Hunnericus King of the Vandals his cutting out the Tongues of all the Inhabitants, that would not turn Arrians; and the miracle thereupon said to ensue. It is now but a Village, near Algiers. Called Saza.
Tipora, a City and Kingdom in the Further East-Indies: Bounded by Pegu and Arracan to the North and West.
Tipperary, a County in the Province of Munster, in Ireland; called by the Irish, Cuntae Thobruidea∣rum; by the English, the County of Tipperary; that is, the Holy Cross. Bounded on the East by Kil∣kenny; on the West by Limerick; on the South by Waterford and Cork; and on the North by Gallway, cut off from it by the Shannon. The Principal Places in it are Cashel, Caryck, Clonmel, Emeley, and Castelan. It is one of the Titles, (as a great part of it is the Possession) of the Duke of Or∣mond.
Tirconnel, or Tyrconnele, Conalia, a Castle and County in the Province of Ʋister in Ireland. Bound∣ed on the South, West, and North, by the Vergivian Ocean: and on the East by Tyrone and Colrane. Also called the County of Dunghall. The Country is Champain, and full of Harbours. It extends from North-East to South-West, above eighty English Miles; almost thirty five broad. So that it seems to be one of the greatest Counties in Ireland. But it has no considerable Place in it, except Dunghall, the River Dirgh, and the Lake of Foyle, separating it from the rest of Ʋlster.
Tiretaine, a River in the Province of Auvergne in France.
Tirol, Tirolis, Teriolium, is the most Southern Province of Germany; called by the Natives, Tyrol. Bounded on the North by the Dukedom of Bavaria, on the East by the Bishoprick of Saltzburg, on the South by the States of Venice, and on the West by the Grisons and Swiss. It took this name from an ancient, but ruined City, upon the River Adige or Etsch: which, with the Inne, water this County: and from this last it is sometimes called Etschelandt. The Tridentine Alpes divide it also into almost equal parts. The chief Places in it, are Inspruck, and Inthal. This County fell to Albert and Leopold Dukes of Au∣stria by Inheritance, in 1366: and is still in that Fa∣mily. It is accounted the greatest County in Eu∣rope: though Mountainous, yet it abounds in Mines and Game. There is also in it Trent, (famous for the late Council) Bixen, and a Place of great Trade called Bolzan.
Tisindon, Andanius, Bagrada, a River in Persia; which falls into the Persian Gulph, over against the Isle of Ormus. The latter Maps place it more to the South than Ormus.
Tivedale, Teviotia, a County in the South of Scot∣land, in the Borders of England; between Twedal and Marche to the North, Northumberland to the South, and Annandale to the West. The principal Places in it are Jedburgh, and Roxburgh.
Tiverton, a Market Town and Borough, repre∣sented in Parliament by two Burgesses, at the fall of the River Leman into the Ex. The Capital of its Hundred in Devonshire.
Tivoli, Tibur, an ancient City in the States of the Church, in Campagna di Roma, upon the River Teverone; eighteen Miles from Rome to the East. It is a Bishops See, under the Pope. Honoured with a noble Palace and Gardens, belonging to the Cardinal de Este. A Synod was held at it in 1636. The Si∣bylla, called Tiburtina from this City, is supposed to have possessed a Vault amongst the neighbouring Rocks in the Teverone, which discover some remains of a small Oratory.
Tivy, Tuerobius, a River of Wales; which at Cardigan falls into the Irish Sea, between the Coun∣ties of Cardigan and Pembroke.
Tlafcala, a City and Province in New Spain in America. Called likewise los Angeles.
Tmolus. See Tomalitze.
Toam, Tuam, Tuama, a City of the County of Clare in Conaught, in Ireland; call'd also Towmond; which in ancient times was the Capital of that Pro∣vince; but now reduced to a mere Village. It is an Archbishops See still, and gives the Title of an Earl. Twenty two Miles from Gallway to the South.
Tobolsk, Tobolium, the Capital City of Siberia, a Province of Russia: Built of late by the Mosco∣vites, upon a River of its own Name, and the Yr∣tim; which latter falls with a rapid Stream into the Obb.
Tocat, Tochata, the Capital City of Cappadocia; an Archbishops See, and the Residence of the Turkish Governour; called of old Neocaesarea. It is great, strong, and populous, upon the River Casal: forty five German Miles from Trebisonde to the South-West. Long. 63. 28. Lat. 43. 58. The Province is now cal∣led by this Name.
Todi, Tuder, Tudertum, a City of Ombria, in the Dutchy of Spoleto, upon the Tiber; twenty Miles from Perugia to the North, and the same distance from Narnia to the South: a Bishops See, and a City of great Antiquity. Pope Martin I. was its Na∣tive.
Tokay, Tokaeum, a City of the Ʋpper Hungary: at the Confluence of the Bodroch and the Tibiscus, in an Island; and thereupon subject to be overflow'd: It is withal a strong Place; has a very strong Castle, and in a fruitful Country, which produceth an excel∣lent sort of Wine. Thirty Miles from Cassovia to the South, and as many from Agria to the East. Being taken by the Turks, it was recovered by the Imperialists in 1564. In 1682. it submitted to Teke∣ly. In 1685. it was retaken by the Imperial Forces. This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor, Prince of Transylvania, by Ferdinand II▪ in 1620.
Toledo, Toletum, Toletum in Carpetanis, a City of Castile in Spain; which was the Capital of His∣pania Tarraconensis, and the Seat of the Gothick Kings. In 705. taken by the Moors, and one of their Royal Cities; till retaken by Alphonsus VI. King of Ca∣stile, in 1085 After which it became the Capital of New Castile, the Seat of the Courts of Law; had the Archbishops See, and Primacy of Spain restored to it. This Archbishop has nineteen Suffragan Bishops: esteemed one of the greatest, and richest Prelates in Christendom. It stands on a Rock, in a pleasant Valley, in the middle of Spain, upon the Tajo (Ta∣gus) with a Castle; and is one of the strongest, no∣blest, and most pleasant Cities in Spain: but in a de∣clining condition, and not inhabited by above eight thousand Souls. It has twenty seven Parishes, thirty eight Monasteries, and a noble Water-work made by the Order of Philip II. in 1565. Charles V. built a Palace in this City. Twelve Miles from Madrid to the South. Long. 16. 40. Lat. 40. 02. Many of the Kings of Spain have been born in this City; twenty four Councils and Synods are reckoned to have been Cele∣brated at it. The first, and one of the most remark∣able, in 400. or 447▪ by the order of P. Leo, proceed∣ed against the Doctrins of the Priscillianists.
Tolen, a Town in Zeeland, in the Ʋnited Ne∣therlands.
Tolentino, Tolentinum, a City in the Marcia Anconitana, in the States of the Church; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Fermo, by the Institution of Pope Sixtus V. in 1586. Since which, it hath been united with the See of Macerata in the same Province. It is little, but indifferently popu∣lous; upon the River Chienti. Ten Miles from Ma∣cerata to the North-West, towards Camerino fif∣teen.
Tolne, Tolna, a City in the Lower Hungary, a little beneath Colocza, upon the Danube; six Hunga∣rian Miles from Simathorne to the East, and the same distance from Esseck to the North. In the Emperours Hands.
Tolosa, Tolosetta, Tolosa, a Town in Spain, in the Province of Guipuscoa; at the foot of the Pyre∣nean Hills, upon the River Orio: four Leagues from S. Sebastian to the East. A Place of good Conside∣ration.
Tolose, Tholouse, Tolosa, Tolosatium, Tolosa Te∣ctosagum, a City of Aquitain of great Antiquity; the Capital of the Province of Languedoc in France, the Seat of the Parliament, an Archbishops See, and an University. It stands upon the Garonne, over which it has a beautiful Stone-bridge: eight Leagues from Montauban to the South, eleven from Aux to the East, and twenty two from Narbonne to the West. This Archbishoprick was taken out of that of Narbonne by Pope John XXII. in 1317. The University Foun∣ded in 809. The second of note in that Kingdom. The Parliament was opened here in 1302. in the time of Philip le bel; and re-established by Cha. VII. King of France. Near this City it is supposed the dreadful Battel was fought between Attila, (King of the Huns) and Aetius, the Roman Lieutenant, in the Year of Christ 451: in which there perished five hundred thousand Men; and Aetius, the Victor. This City and Province being recovered out of the Hands of the Moors by Charles Martel, Charles the Great in 779. granted it to one Thursin, with the Title of an Earl. It continued under Earls for eighteen Des∣cents, (who particularly were famous for assisting the Albigenses in their Wars;) till 1270. when it was reunited to the Crown of France. The present King of France had taken up a design to make a Channel for Boats from this City to the Lake of Maguelone: that so it might be a kind of Centre of Trade, between the Mediterranean and the Ocean; but with what success I know not. In the year 1119. Pope Calix∣tus II. presided at a Council at this City. Besides, which it hath been honor'd with divers other Councils. The Tectosagi were its ancient Inhabitants.
Tomalitze, Tmolus, a Mountain in Lidia, in the Lesser Asia; which yields Wine and Saffron. The Ri∣ver Pactolus flows from it.
Tomar, Nabantia, Tacubis, a Town in Portugal; in the Province of Extremadura, upon the River Na∣baon; two Leagues from the Tajo.
Tombut, Tombutum, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa, upon the River Snega; between the Kingdom of Agad to the East; Mandinga to the South; Geneboa and Gualata to the West; and the Desert of Zanhaga to the North. It takes its Name from a City so called, which stands four hundred
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hundred French Leagues from Morocco to the South.
Tonderen, Tundera, a City in the Dukedom of Sleswick, under the Duke of Holstein Gotthorp; one German Mile from the German Ocean, and four from Ripen to the South.
Tone, a River in Somersetshire: upon which Taunton, Wellington, Wivercomb, and North Curry, are all situated.
Tongres, Tungri, Aduatuca Tungrorum, Aduaca, Atuacutum, a very great City in the Itinerary of An∣toninus; now a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige; called by the Germans, Tongren: it stands upon the River lceker, four Leagues from Liege, and three from Maestricht. Attila ruined it, and the Normans after him. It had anciently a Bishops See; which was transferred to Maestricht, and thence to Liege.
Tonningen, Toninga, a small City in the Duke∣dom of Sleswick; upon the River Erder; in the Bor∣ders of Ditmarsh. Six Miles from Sleswick: Under the Duke of Holstein Gotthorp.
Topazus, an Island in the Red-Sea, about forty Miles from the Continent; where the Topaz or Chry∣solite Stone is found in plenty. It takes its name from its product. Pliny mentions a Topaz of this place, four Cubits long; of which Ptolemy Philadel∣phus K. of Egypt made the Statue of his Queen Ar∣sinoe.
Topino, Tinia, a River of Italy, which ariseth near Nocera, from the Apennine; and flowing through Ombria, watereth Fuligno; taking in il Clinno: then falls into the Chiascio, and with it into the Tiber, four Miles from Perugia.
Tor. See Eltor.
Tor, a River in Somersetshire. Glassenbury is si∣tuated upon it.
Toralea or Torre, Turritana, an old Roman Town in the Island of Sardinia; which became the See of an Archbishop. But it hath lost that Dignity since the year 1441. when Pope Eugenius IV. removed the See to Sessari, twelve Miles from it to the North.
Torcello, Torcellum, a City in the States of Ve∣nice; which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Venice: in an Island five Miles North of Venice, and not much inhabited by reason of the badness of the Air. This See was brought hither from Altino, in 635, which the Huns had ruined. In 1582, and 1628. Synods were held here.
Torgaw, Torgavia, a City of Misnia, in the Dukedom of Saxony, upon the Elbe: seven Ger∣man Miles from Meissen to the North, five from Witteberg, and six from Leipsick, Commended much for excellent Beer.
Tormes, Tormis, a River in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: arising in a Village called Tormellas, near the Mountain del Varco de Avila: and flowing North and North-West, washeth Alva de Tormes, Salamanca, and Ledesma: after a Course of twenty six Leagues, and the Reception of fourteen small Ri∣vers, it falls into the Douro, beneath Miranda de Douro.
Tornaw, Torne, Torna, a County and City in the Ʋpper Hungary; called by the Germans, Dorn. The City stands four Miles from Cassovia to the West.
Tornburg, Torda, a Town in the principality of Transylvania.
Le Tornaisis, Tornacensis Ager, a small Terri∣tory in the Earldom of Flanders; between Hainault to the East, and Lille to the West; by the Schelde. It is a part of the Gallick Flanders: and has this Name from Tournay, its principal City. In the Hands of the French ever sin••e 1667.
Torne, Torna, a City in Sweden, in the Province of Bothinia; at the bottom of the Botner Sea, upon which it has a large and frequented Haven. From its Site sometime called Torne Lapmark, being near Lapland.
Tornus, Tornu, Tinurtium, Trenorchium, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy; which has a ce∣lebrated Abbey. Six Leagues from Mascon to the North, and five from Challon to the South. In 944. and 1109. Councils were held in this Abbey.
Toro, Octodurum, Taurum, a City of Leon in Spain, upon the Douro: little, and dayly decays: being not walled, nor much inhabited. It stands be∣tween Zamora to the East, and Valadolid to the West eight Spanish Leagues. Near this Place the Spaniards overthrew the Portuguese in 1476. John II. King of Castile was born here in 1405.
Torreglia, a Sovereign Marquisate, between the Dutchy of Milan and the States of Genoua.
Torrington, a Market Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Tremington, upon the River Tow∣ridge. Honor'd with the Title of an Earldom first in the Person of the late Duke of Albemarle.
Torsil, Torsilia, a small City in Sudermania, in Sweden; eleven Swedish Miles from Stockholm, to the West.
Torso, Thyrsus, a River of Sardinia.
Torto, Hiemera, a River of Sicily.
Tortona, Dertona, Terdona, Tertona, Tordona, a City of Lombardy; in the Dukedom of Milan, upon the River Scrivia. A Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Milan. Frederick Aenobarbus, Emperor of Germany, sacked this Place: which though rebuilt by the Milanese, yet never recovered its ancient great∣ness. In 1642. it was taken by the French: recovered the next year by the Spaniard; who in 1654. built a strong Castle in it, for its defence. It is the Capi∣tal of il Tortonese, which lies between the Apennine and the Po: Having Pavia on the East, and the States of Genoua on the West and South: from which the City of Tortona lies eight Miles to the North, ten from Alessandria, twenty five from Pa∣via, and forty five from Placenza. In 1595. a Sy∣nod was held here.
Tortosa, Dertosa, Dertusa, Dertossa, a City of Catalonia, of great Antiquity: a Principality, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona. It stands upon the Ebro; three Leagues from its Mouth, fifteen from Tarragona to the South-West, and from Ilerda to the South. Small, but Strong. In 1649. it was taken by the French. In 1652. returned un∣der the Spaniards. It has a strong Castle, and a large Haven; but not much frequented, as appears by the decay of the Town. In 1429, a Council was celebra∣ted here.
Tortosa, Antaradus, Orthosia, Constantia, a Ci∣ty of Phoenicia, upon the Mediterranean Sea; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tyre; be∣tween, Balanca to the North thirty four Miles, and Tripoli to the South twenty eight. Now almost intire∣ly deserted, and ruined by the Turks.
Tosa, Athiso, a River of Milan, which ariseth from S. Gothard's Mount: and flowing South, watereth Ocella and Vogogna; then burieth it self in the Lake called il Lago Maggiore, or Long-See.
Toscana, Hetruria, Thuscia, Tuscia, a very con∣siderable Province of Italy; containing the greatest part of the ancient Hetruria. Bounded on the North by the Apennine; on the West by the River Magra, and the Tyrrhenian Sea; on the South and East by the Tyber, the Clain, and the Marta. It contains that space which made up the States of Florence, Sie∣na, Pisa, and Lucca: but so that this last is still a Free State; whereas the three former are subject to
the Duke of Florence: on which account this Coun∣try is frequently called the Dukedom of Florence. The Capital of it is Florence. For the History see Florence, &c. This Country was conquered by the Romans in the year of Rome 455.
Toscanella, Tuscia, Tuscania, Tyrrhenia, Salum∣brona, an antient and considerable City heretofore, in the Dukedom of its own name, in Italy: which was a Bishops See; and gave all these Popes to the Church of Rome, Eutichianus, Paschal I. Leo I. John I. Lucius III. Leo VI. Boniface VI. and Paul III. It had been besieged sixteen times. Now, entirely ruined; and its See united with Viterbo.
Totness, a Corporation in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Colridge, upon the River Dart: six Miles from the Fall thereof into the Ocean. It had the ho∣nour to be an Earldom in the Person of George Lord Carew of Clopton, (Son of Dr. George Carew, Dean of Windsor and Archdeacon of Totness) created Earl of Totness by K. Charles I. in 1625: who dying with∣out Issue, K. Charles II. advanced this Place from an Earldom to a Viscounty, in favour of his Son Charles Fitz-Charles, Earl of Plymouth.
Toul, Tullum, a City of Lorain, upon the Mo∣selle; five Leagues from Nancey to the West, six from Bar le Duc, and twelve from Mets to the South. Made an Imperial and Free City by Henry I. But in 1652, fell into the Hands of the French. It is also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Trier. Charles the Bald, King of France, celebrated a Coun∣cil here in 859. In 1515. and 1615. other Synods were held at this City.
Toulon, Tolonium, Tolenium, Taurentium, Telo, a City of Provence in France; called by the Italians Tolone. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Arles: well fortified, populous, inriched by a large and safe Harbour, and a great naval Magazine; being the station for the Mediterranean Fleets of France. It stands ten Leagues from Marseilles to the East: and in an improving condition. Henry IV. King of France walled it, and added two Moles to the Port.
Toupinambous, Tupinimbae, Toropinambartii, Indians of Brasil in South America.
Touque, Tolca, a River of Normandy; which wa∣tereth Lisieux, and Pont l' Evesque; and then falls into the British Sea.
Touraine, Turonia, Turones, a Province in France, in the Generalité of Orleans; which is divided by the Loyre, and honored with the Title of a Dukedom: Little, (about thirty Leagues long and broad;) but very fruitful, and well watered with the Loyre, Cher, Indre, Indrois, Vienne, &c. therefore called the Garden of France. On the North it is bounded by La Maine; on the West by Anjou and Poictou; on the South by the last, and le Berry; and on the East by Blaisois. The principal Places are Tours, Amboise, Chinon, and Loches.
Tournay, Tornacum, a City of Gallia Celtica; now in Flanders, and called by the Natives, Dornick. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cam∣bray, ever since 1559, having before been under the Archbishop of Reims; and in more antient times (a∣bout 623.) united with the See of Noyon; which continued till the year 1147. or 48. when Pope Eu∣genius III. at the Prayer of S. Bernard made it a sepa∣rate Bishoprick. This City stands upon the Schelde; nine Leagues from Cambray to the North, and ten from Gant to the South: in the middle between Donay and Oudenard; also between Valencienne and Courtray, in the Borders of Hainault. It is a very strong Place, and has a noble Castle, said to have been anciently built by the English. It belonged to the Crown of France till 1521, taken by Charles V. In 1667. it was retaken by the French; and has been ever since in their Hands, by the Peace at Aix la Cha∣pelle: Antoninus mentions it in his Itinerary. It hath besides the Cathedral ten Parishes, ten Abbeys, and divers Religious Houses. In 1520. and 1643. Synods were assembled here. There is a Territory belonging to it, called by its Name.
Tournon, Turnonium, Taurodunum, a Town in the Province of Vivaretz in France, upon the Rhone: adorned with the Title of an Earldom; a Collegiate Church, a College of the Jesuits, and some Religious Houses.
Tours, Turon••m Caesarodum••n, Turones, Turo∣nium, a great City in France; the Capital of Tou∣raine, and an Archbishops See. It stands upon the River Loyre, which is there covered by a very long beautiful Stone Bridge. On the other side it is washed by the Cher toward the South. So that it stands between the two Rivers; almost twen∣ty four Leagues from Orleans to the West, eighteen from Poictiers to the North, and from Mans to the South. A Place of great Beauty. Clotild, King of France, died here in 537. And Carloman in ••85. Near this Place Charles Martell overthrew an Army of four hundred thousand Sarazens; three hundred seventy five thousand of which perished in that Battel, in 726; the Germans and Lombards joyning with the Francks. Pope Alexander III. with Lewis VII. King of France, called le Jenue, seventeen Cardinals, a hundred and twenty four Bishops, and four hun∣dred and fourteen Abbots, celebrated a Council here in 1153. against the Emperor. The Protestants of France were first called Hugonots in this City.
Touvre, Tolvera, a famous Fountain and River in France, in the Dukedom of Angoumois; which falls into the Charente, near Angoulesine.
Towcester, a Market Town in Northamptonshire. The Capital of its Hundred; in a Valley; upon the Banks of a small River running into the Ouse. Mr. Cambden understands it to be the antient Tripontium; to which, three Bridges over so many streams of this River cutting through the Roman Port-way, (which shews it self often betwixt this Place and Stony Strat∣ford,) assigned that Name. In the year 917. the Danes besieged this Town in vain. It is adorned with a fair Church.
The Tower of Babel. The Prospects to the North and South of the Ruines of this famous Fabrick, taken upon the Place by Petro della Valle, are engra∣ved by Kircher (to whom he presented them) in his Book, Turris Babel, written purposely upon them. They are believed to be the Ruins of Babel, by the constant Tradition of the Country thereabouts; con∣firmed by their situation in the Plains of Shinar in Chaldaea; the same Place; and by their Construction in the most solid parts with Burnt-brick and Slime, the same Matter with Babel, expressed in Gen. xi. 2. 3. The Basis of them approaches nigh to a Square; con∣taining in circuit about 1150 Paces; and the height terminates almost every where in Pyramidal Points. First built by the general concurrence of the Fami∣lies of the Sons of Noah under Nimrod, (whether for an Asylum against a second Deluge, or a Me∣morial of the former, and of their Names to continue after their separation into several Parts, none know;) according to Chronologers, about the hundred and seventieth year after the Flood of Noah. Whereof the Greek and Latin Poets, after many Ages coming to a confused sense, they embellished the Story with Fictions of Giants scaling Heaven, upon Mountains laid upon Mountains. It seems, the Undertaking was so displeasing (by the History of Genesis) to God; that to stop it he broke the one common universal Speech of the Builders, into all the jarring and dis∣consonant Languages of Mankind at this day.
The Tower of Leander, a square Fortress upon a Rock, in the midst of the Hellespont; betwixt the Point of the Seraglio at Constantinople, and Scutari on the other side in Asia. Yielding a charming Pro∣spect of the City, and Country about, Constantinople. The Turks guard it with several Pieces of Canon: cal∣ling it in their Language, Khescalasi, the Castle of the Young Maid, (as the Europeans do the Tower of Leander); in allusion to the story of Hero and Him; tho it stands in a quite different place, than where Le∣ander by the Relation did swim.
Towridge, a River in Devonshire; upon which Torrington, Bediford, and Hatherley, are all situa∣ted.
Trabisonda, Trapezus, a great City on the Eu∣xine Sea, in the Lesser Asia; which is the Capital of Cappadocia. Called by the Inhabitants Trabosan; by the French, Trebisonde; by the Italians, Trabi∣sonda, and Trebisonda. An Archbishops See, the Seat of a Turkish Governour, and has a large safe Ha∣ven. In 1204. Alexis Comnenus established a King∣dom, over Cappadocia Paphlagonia, Pontus, and other Provinces, with the Title of the Kingdom of Trebi∣zonde from this its Capital City. It continued un∣der Princes of its own (of the Family of Lascara) from 1261. to 1460: when taken by Mahomet II. Emperor of the Turks. In 1616. this City was sack∣ed by the Cossacks. It is built at the Foot of an Hill. Long. 71. 06. Lat. 44. 03.
Traerback, a Town upon the Moselle, in the County of Spanheim, eighteen Miles from Luxem∣burgh, between Trier and Coblentz. The King of France's erecting a new Fort over against this Place in 1687, occasioned a great Dispute in the Imperial Diets, whether it was not a Violation of the twenty years Truce: tho he erected it upon the Grounds, re-united to his Crown.
Tragonara. The same with Dragonara.
Trajanopoli, Trajanopolis, a City of Thrace, which is an Archbishops See; upon the River Hebro, or Mariza; eleven German Miles beneath Adrianople to the South. Now very small, and not much inha∣bited.
Trajanopolis. See Islenos. § There was ano∣ther ancient City of this Name in the Island of Sicily. An Archbishops See, in the time of Pope Gregory the Great. The Greeks called it Draginae.
Trajeto, Trajectum, an Episcopal City in the Terra di Lavaro, in the Kingdom of Naples.
Tralles, an ancient City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia: which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesus, or Sardis. Entirely now ruined.
Trani, Tranium, Trana, a City in the Province di Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is great and populous; the See of an Archbishop. It stands in a fruitful Soil, upon the Adriatick Sea; and had heretosore a great Haven, which is now stopped with Sand. Frederick II. built a strong Castle in it to de∣fend it against the Saracens. In 1589. a Provincial Council was held here. Long. 40. 39. Lat. 41. 15.
Transchin, a County in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Vag: betwixt Silesia to the North, Moravia to the South, Turocz to the West, and Neytracht to the East. Its capital Town bears the same name.
Tranfissalane. See Over-Yssel.
Transylvania, Septemcastrensis, Erdelia, a Pro∣vince of the Ʋpper Hungary; called by the Natives, Erdely; by the Germans, Sievenburgh; by the Dutch, Sevenburgh; by the Poles, Siedmigrodka; by the Sclavonians, Gradikaziemia; by the Turks, Ertel; and by the Italians, Transylvania. Bounded on the North by Red Russia, a Province of Poland; on the East by Walachia and Moldavia; on the South by the latter, and Hungary; on the West by the Ʋpper Hungary. The principal Places in it are Hermanstadt, Alba Julia, (or Weissenburgh) Clau∣senburgh, Bistriz, (or Besterze) Schiesburgh or Se∣geswar, Medwisch or Megies, and Croonstadt or Breslaw. Separated from its Neighbours by the Car∣pathian Hills, which encompass it. Its length from East to West is sixty eight French Leagues, its breadth sixty two. It affords great plenty of Corn, Wine, Cattel; not destitute of Mines of Gold, Sil∣ver, and Salt. This Prince is able to raise about twen∣ty thousand Men for War. After the Saxons, who cultivated this Country very much, the Romans were Masters of it in the time of Trajan. The Religion prosessed (ever since 1561.) is the Augustane Con∣fession; but mixed with Calvinists, Socinians, and some that follow the Greek Rites, and some Turks. This Principality was separated from Hungary, by John King of Hungary, in 1541. In 1571. Stephen Battori, Prince of Transylvania and afterwards King of Poland, endeavoured in vain the re-establishment of the Roman Catholick Religion. Christopher Bat∣tori his Brother and Successor, founded a College of Jesuits at Clausenbourgh: but dying in 1583. Sigis∣mond, Son to Christopher and Successor, was con∣strained to disperse it in 1588. Others reckon its Princes from John Hunadies, made Vaivode hereof by Ʋladislaus IV. Michael Abafti, (the twenty third Prince from John Huniades, who succeeded John Kemeni in 1661,) by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt, May 9. 1688, with the full con∣sent of the States of Transylvania, made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor, and the King of Hungary, to endure for ever. Which till then was tributary to, and had its Prince (after his Election by the States) confirmed by, the Grand Seignor. Accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal Places. The said Prince dying April 1690, the States in a general Assembly resolved firmly to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor, and the young Prince, Son to the deceased, (he being confirmed by the Emperor in the Succession) against all the Pretences of Count Teckely, or the Ottoman Port, according to the Ten or of the said Treaty: And thus they remain intirely incorporated with the Crown of Hungary, under the Protection of the Empe∣rour.
Trapano, or Trapani, Drepanum, a City in Sici∣ly, in the Valley of Mazara; which is a celebrated Mart, and has a large and safe Harbor on the Western Shoar of that Island. Twenty two Miles from the Cape di Coco, (or the most Western Point) to the North-East, and fifty five from Palermo to the South-West. The Rock or petty Island of Colombara stands very near it, to the South; fortified with a strong Cittadel. This City is built at the foot of the Mountain Eryx (now Trapano); near the Ruines of the antient City Eryx (which yet appear and are called Trapano Vecchio, the old Trapano); in the figure of a Sickle, according to the signification of its name in Greek, and that of Ovid,
Quique locus curvae nomina falcis habet.The Coral, fished up here, is good.
Trau, Tragurium, a small City and Port in Dal∣matia, called by the Sclaves Troghir. Strong and well peopled; and a Bishops See, under the Archbi∣shop of Spalato. It stands in a small Island of the same Name: but joined to the Continent by a Bridge seventy Miles from Zara, and twelve from Sa∣lona. Subject to the Venetians ever since 1420.
Travanor, Travancorum, a City and Kingdom in the Province of Mallabar in the East-Indies; six∣ty Miles from Comorin to the North, and fifty from
Coulan to the South; subject to the King of Coulan.
Travaux, Sinus Laborum, a Bay upon the Coast of America Magellanica, near Porto Desire: the Spaniards call it Boia de los Marabaios: others the White Bay, and S. George's Bay:
Trave, Treva, a River of Holstein, in the Pro∣vince of Wagaren; which watereth Ploen, Segeberg, Oldesloh, Reinfelde, Lubeck, and Travemond; and separating Holstein from Mecklenburg, falls into the Baltick Sea; between Tavemond and Dassow.
Trebia, a River of Lombardy, which ariseth in the States of Genoua, fifteen Miles from that City: and watering Bobio (a City in the Dukedom of Mi∣lan) a little above Piacenza, falls into the Po. The Romans being overthrown by Hannibal, upon the Banks of this River, were most of them in their flight drowned in it.
Trebigna, Tribulium, a small but very ancient City of Dalmatia; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ragusa: from which it stands sixteen Miles to the East upon the River Trebinska: subject to the Turks.
Trebula, an antient City of the Terra Sabina, in the States of the Church, in Italy. It has a Castle, and a great repute for Cheese. Some Inscriptions and the Ruins of a Theatre, yet extant, speak its Conside∣rableness in former times.
Tregaron, a Market Town in Caerdiganshire, in the Hundred of Pennarth.
Tregoney, a Corporation in the County of Corn∣wall, in the Hundred of Powder: represented in the Lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses.
Treguier, Trecorium, Trecora, a City of Bretagne in France, called by the Inhabitants Lantriguet. It stands upon the North Shoar; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours. Having an excellent Port, nine Miles from S. Brien to the West, and thirty from Reims. The Bishop is also the Temporal Lord of it, with the Title of a Count. It was often exposed to the spoils of the Saxons, Danes and Nor∣mans.
Tremissen, Tremesin, Tremisa, a Town and King∣dom in Mauritania Caesariensis, in Barbary.
Tremita, an Island upon the Coast of the King∣dom of Naples, in the Gulph of Venice; which communicates its name to some others about it, called the Islands of Tremits. It is one of the Diomedeae of the Antients: and now adorned with a Monastery.
Tremituge, Tremithus, Tremethus, a City of the Islands of Cyprus: which was anciently a Bi∣shops See; Sporidion, a famous Bishop of it, assisting at the first Council of Nice. It is now reduced to a poor Town.
Trent, Trenta, one of the principal Rivers in England. It ariseth in the County of Stafford, near Mowcop Hill, towards Cheshire: and flowing South receives the Saw from Stafford: in the Borders of that County, the Tame from the South, and the Done from the North: and entering Nottingham∣shire, salutes its Capital at a small distance after at Newark. So dividing this Shire from Lincolnshire, this and the River Dun, form the Isle of Axholme; and they being united, both fall into the Humber at Ankeborough.
Trent, Trento, Tridentum, a City in the Borders of the County of Tirol, betwixt Italy and Germany; call'd by the Germans, Trient. The Capital of a Territory called the Tridentine, amongst the Alpes: which thence are also called the Tridentine Alpes. It is a small City and a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja: well peopled; seated in a fruitful Valley upon the River Adige, in the midst of aspiring Moun∣tains. Once an Imperial and Free City; now exempt and subject to its own Bishop, as to its Revenue; but as to the Sovereignty, to the Emperor, as Count, of Tirol. Eighteen Miles from Inspruck to the South and about eight from Verona. It has divers Churches, one College of Jesuites, and a great number of reli∣gious and ecclesiastical Houses. But most celebrated on the account of a Council begun here by Pope Paul III. December 15. 1445: who dying in 1549. it was continued under Julius III: in 1551. He also dying in 1555. and a War broken out in Germany, it was not resumed by Pius IV. till 1562; and by him ended, Decemb. 4. 1563. Maurice (Elector of Sa∣xony) with Albert (Marquess of Brandenburgh) and William (Landtgrave of Hesse), having suddenly ta∣ken Ausbourgh in 1552. and threatned Trent, obliged Pope Julius III. to suspend the session of it for that time.
Trepassez, Sinus Mortuorum, a Bay in New∣found Land, in North America.
Trero, Trerus, a River of Campania di Roma, which watereth Salvaterra; and falls into the Gari∣gliano beneath Ponte Corvo, in the Borders of the King∣dom of Naples. Some call it Omme.
Tresen, Tresa, a small City with an Haven upon the Baltick Sea, in the Province of Sudermannia in Swe∣den; seven Miles from Stockholm to the North-West.
Tresmes, Trama, a River and Monastery in Cham∣pagne in France, in the Borders of La Brie; three Leagues from Meaux to the North.
Trevico, Trivicus, a City in the further Princi∣pate, in the Kingdom of Naples: A Bishops See, un∣der the Arch-Bishop of Benevento. Horace mentions it. It is likewise called Vico della Baronia.
Trevigiana. See Marchia Trevisana.
Treviso, or Trevigi, Tarvisium, Taurisium, a Ci∣ty in the Marquisate of Trevigiana, or Trevisana, to which it gives its name: in the States of Venice, up∣on the River Sile; which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja. A great and strong City, sur∣rounded on all sides by Water, and thereby of the more difficult access. Brought under the States of Venice in 1336. In 1509, taken by Maximilian the Emperour, and shortly after restored to them. It stands eighteen Miles from Venice to the South-West.
Trevoux, Trevoltium, the Capital Town of the Principality of Dombes in France: adorned with a Col∣legiate Church.
Triadzzia, Sardica, an ancient City of Thrace.
Triballi, an ancient People of Moesia Inferior, now Bulgaria.
Tribur, an ancient Royal Palace betwixt May∣ence and Oppenheim, beyond the Rhine in Germany: where divers Councils have been celebrated.
Tricaraco, Tricarium, a City in the Basilicate, in the Kingdom of Naples.
Tricastin, a Territory in Dauphine in France: the Capital of it is S. Paul de trois Chasteaux.
Trier, Treviri, Augusta Trevirorum, a City of Germany; called by the French Treves; by the Ita∣lians Treveri; by the Germans Trier. It is an Arch∣bishops See, whose Bishop is one of the eight Electors of the Empire; and his Suffragans, Metz, Toul, and Verdun; three Subjects of the King of France. A great and an ancient City, seated upon the Moselle, over which it has a Stone-Bridge; thirteen Leagues from Metz to the South-East, seventeen German Miles from Cologne to the South, and from Mentz to the West. Said to be built fourteen hundred and ninety six years before the Birth of Christ: and so to be the most ancient City in Europe. Made a Roman Colony in the times of Augustus; and afterwards the richest and most famous City in Gallia Belgica: the Metropolis of the Treviri. About the times of Con∣stantine, it was for a long time the Seat of the We∣stern
Emperors; resembling Rome in all its magni∣ficent publick Buildings, as much as was possible. In the year of Christ 456, it was taken and ruined by the Huns, and other barbarous Nations in their Pas∣sage into Italy. But after this it recovered. In the year 1472, there was an University opened here. In the year 1568, it was taken by its Bishop; and ceased to be a Free and Imperial City. In the year 1632, it was put into the Hands of the French, to preserve it from the Swedes, as was pretended: they kept it till the year 1645. In 1675, it was again recovered out of the Hands of the French; who had seized upon it the second time not long before. In 1688, the French put another Garrison into it. Long. 28. 06. Lat. 49. 50. This City hath four Collegiate. Churches, five Parishes, and two Abbeys. The Tunique of our Sa∣viour is pretended to be preserved here; but they very rarely offer to expose it to view; and never since 1648. after the Peace of Westphalia. In 386. A Council was held here in the business of the Priscillia∣nists, by the order of Maximus. In 1148. Pope Eugenius III. assisted in Person at another.
The Electorate of Trier, is bounded on the North by Lifall, the Bishoprick of Cologne and Westro∣walt; on the East by Weteraw, on the South by Lorain; and on the West by Luxemburgh; it is of great extent from East to West, but very narrow from North to South. The principal Cities and Pla∣ces in it are, Trier, Coblents, Boppart, Oberwesel and Hermanstein. It is watered both by the Mo∣selle, and Rhine; and affords all things needful for the Life of Man in great plenty. The Inhabitants of this Diocese are called by the Germans Trie∣rishe.
Trieste, Tergeste, Tergestum, a City of Istria, called by the Germans Triesten. A small but a strong and populous Place; and a Bishops See under the Pa∣triarch of Aquilesa; has a large but unsafe Harbour upon the Adriatick; at the bottom of a Bay called Trieste too. This City was taken from the Venetians, in the year 1507, by the Emperor; and has been e∣ver since in his Possession It stands thirty Miles from Aquileja to the East, and fifty from Pola to the North. Long. 36. 24. Lat. 45. 40.
Il Trigno, Trinius, a River in the Kingdom of Naples; which springeth out of the Apennine, in the County of Molise; and watering Trivento, falls through the Hither Abruzzo into the Adriatick Sea; near il Guasto; sixteen Miles from Lanciano to the East.
Trin, Trino, Tridinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Montferrat, a small distance from the Po to the North; seven Miles from Casal to the West; and thirty four from Turin to the East: which in 1630, was yielded by the Duke of Mantoua to the Duke of Savoy.
Tring, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor.
La Trinidad, Trinitatis Insula, one of the Ca∣ribby Islands in America: planted with Sugar.
Trinquimale, a City in the Island of Ceylan.
Triodos or Throhodos, a Mountain in the Island of Cyprus: so called by the Greeks.
Tripoli di Soria, Tripolis; a City in Syria; called by the Turks Tarabolos-scham: In 1289, taken and intirely ruined by the Saracens: and after rebuilt by the Franks; in a fruitful Plain, with a strong Ca∣stle seated upon a Rock. This place is now in a good condition; having about two thousand Houses, and a very convenient Harbor on the Mediterranean Sea. It stands twenty German Miles from Damascus to the North, and a little more from Famagousta to the South. In the time of the Holy War it had Counts of its own; from 1109, to 1288. Now the Seat of a Turkish Sangiack. Long. 63. 30. Lat. 34. 20. See Monsieur Thevenot's Travels, Part I. p. 221.
Tripoli, Tripolis, Neapolis, Leptis, or Tripoly of Barbary, is a great City on the Mediterranean Sea in Barbary; which is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same name; has a large Port and a strong Castle; but extremely infamous for its Piracies. Heretofore a part of the Kingdom of Tunis. In 1510, it was taken by the Spaniards: eighteen years after it was granted to the Knights of Malta; who in 1551, were expelled again by the Moors. Since that it is govern∣ed like a Commonwealth: Having a considerable Ter∣ritory belonging to it, betwixt Tunis and the Ocean; but very few Towns, Sanson supposes it to be the an∣cient Oea. It lies over against the Isle of Malta. Long. 42. 00. Lat. 41. 40. §. There is another Tripoli in Barbary, upon the Mediterranean, with the Title of Tripoli Vecchio or the Old Tripoli; which stand∣ing in an ill air, has almost lost its Inhabitants. §. A third in the Lesser Asia, upon the Euxine Sea.
Trivento, Triventum, Triventinum, a small Ci∣ty of the Kingdom of Naples, in the County of Mo∣lise, upon the River Trigno; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; and stands in the Borders of Abruzzo, upon the Adriatick Sea, seventeen Miles from Boiano to the North.
Troesen, an ancient City of the Peloponnesus: which preserved their Alliances with the Athenians with great Honor; and since the times of Christiani∣ty, became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Co∣rinth. Gastaldus calls it now Pleda.
Troglodytae, an obscure People of Aethiopia, from whom the Sinus Troglodyticus there anciently receiv∣ed its denomination; having the Caverns of its Rocks (adjacent) possessed by them. Whence all subterrane∣ous dwellers in Rocks, Caves, and Cabbins in India, Africa, &c. were called Troglyditae.
Troia, Ilium, a City of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia; upon the Coast of the Aegean Sea; made famous by its Ruin, and a ten years War, about the year of the World 2870. in the Reign of its King Priamus. It stood upon the River Xanthus, near Mount Ida; three Miles from the Archipelago, thirty two German Miles from Smyrna to the North, and from Constantinople to the South. Said to have been built about the year of the World 2574. Whereby this City and Kingdom lasted not above two hundred and ninety six years. Some Marble ruins of it are yet visible. Mahomet IV. used the Columnes he found amongst them, in the building of a great Mosque. § There was another City of the same Name, (Troas Alexandri) built by Ale∣xander the Great, some Miles from this: which in the beginning of Christianity was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cyziqua; but that too is now rui∣ned. Long 54. 25. Lat. 41. 15.
Troja, a small City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Capitinato upon the River Chilaro: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, and a Principality; it stands at the Foot of the Apennine; twenty five Miles from Benevento to the East, and a little more from Manfredona. Built in 1008, by the Greeks. In 1195 and 1115. Councils were assembled at this City.
Trois Chasteaux, Augusta Tricastinorum, Trie∣ves, the same with S. Paul; a City in the Dauphine.
Troki, Troka, Troccum, a City of Lithuania, a Province of Poland; which is the Capital of a Pala∣tinate of the same Name. It stands upon the River Bressa, in a Marsh of difficult access; defended by a strong Castle. This City was built by Gediminius Great Duke of Lithuania, in 1321: taken by the Russ, and burnt in 1655. It stands four Polish Miles from Vi••na to the West.
Trolhette, a River in Westrogothia in S••••den, which washeth Babuse; then by the Lake of Wonner, passeth into the Baltick Sea.
Tronto, Truentum, a River which ariseth out of the Apennine in the Province of Abruzzo; and flow∣ing through the Marcha Anconitana, is augmented by the Leia; and watering Ascoli, and separating the Popes Dominions from the Kingdom of Naples, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Porto di Ascoli.
Tropea, Tropaea, Tropas, Tropia, Postropaea; a Ci∣ty of the Kingdom of Naples in the Further Cala∣bria: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reggio.
Troppaw, Oppavia, a City of Silesia, called by the Bohemians, Oppaw. It stands upon the River Oppa, which falls into the Oder near Hilschin! and is the Capital of a Dukedom of its own Name, and has an ancient Castle. Three German Miles from Ratibor to the West, and nine from Oppelen to the South. This City and Dukedom was formerly a part of Moravia.
Trossi, Tros••aeum. In the years 909. 921. 924. and 927. Councils were assembled here. But the French Geographers describe it be no other Character, than a place in the Diocese of Soissons.
Trowbridge, a Market Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Melksham, near the Avon.
Troyes, Trecasses, Trevae, Augustobona, Augusto∣mana, Treca, Tricassis, Tricassium, Augusta Tri∣cassinorum, a great City, which is the Capital of Champagne in France: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sens. It stands upon the Seyne; thir∣ty four Leagues from Paris to the North-East, and twenty from Chalon to the South. Long. 25. 15. Lat. 48. 08. Pope Ʋrban IV. was a Native of this place. It hath six Parishes, two Collegiate Churches, (besides the Cathedral); an Abbey, a College of the Oratorians, and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. A Council was held here in 867. by the Order of Pope Nicholas I. In 878. Pope John VIII. crowned King Lewis le Begu••: and in 1107. Pope Paschal II. celebrated a Council at this City. There have been also many others.
Trughillo, or Truxillo, Turris Julia, a small Ci∣ty in the Province of Extremadura in Spain: seated on a Hill in a Plain, and fortified by an ancient strong Castle, which has stately Buildings annexed to it. It stands eleven Miles from Merida to the South-East. Francisco Pizarro, the Conquerour of Peru, was a Native of this place. § There is another Town of the same Name in New Spain, in the Province of Hon∣duras; which has a Port on the Bay of Mexico. Ta∣ken by the Hollanders, and sacked in 1633. But re∣paired since. § A third in Peru.
Trullus, the great Hall of the Imperial Palace at Constantinople, in the times of the ancient Greek Em∣perours: which took this name from its being arched in the form (Trullae) of a Cup. Here in the year 680. was celebrated the sixth General Council, or the third of Constantinople, under the Emperour Constan∣tinus Pogonatus, against the Monothelites. And in 692. or 707. Another, called the second in Trullo and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Synodus Quina Sexta; consisting of one hundred forty seven Bishops, under the Emperour Justinian II. which undertook to supply the defects of the fifth and sixth General Councils, as to Points of Discipline, by one hundred and two new Canons. But neither the Western Church received those Canons, neither all the Patriarchal Churches of the East.
Tschelminar, a Mass of some of the noblest Re∣mains of Antiquitie in the Kingdom of Persia: near the City Schiras, in the Province of Farsistan. Be∣ing great Pillars, Canals, Idols, Sepulchres in Rocks, Rests of Edifices, and bas relievo's above two thou∣sand. They may be a part probably of the Ruins of the ancient Persepolis. This Name, which the Turks give to the place, signifies in their Language the Forty Pillars.
Truro, a Market Town and Corporation in the County of Cornwal, and the Hundred of Powder: honoured with the Election of two Parliament Men. It is seated betwixt two Streams, that run into Fal∣mouth Haven: and gives the Title of a Baron to the Right Honourable Charles Bodvile Roberts, Earl of Radnor.
Tubingen, Tubinga, a pleasant City in the Duke∣dom of Wurtemburg, in the Circle of Schwaben, upon the Necker: four German Miles from Sougard to the South, and twelve from Ʋlm to the West. Anto∣nius Caracalla, who was Emperour about the year of Christ 213. had a Palace in this City. In 1342. it was sold to Verick Duke of Wurtemberg by its Count: and in 1477. there was an University opened here by Eberard le Barbe, Count of VVurtemburg.
Tucho, a City in the Province of Queiche••, in China.
Tucuman, Tucumania, a Province in Paragua in South America; between the River of Plate to the East, the Mountains and Kingdom of Chili to the West; the Capital of which, is S. Miguel de Estero. It is three hundred Leagues broad, two hundred long; and has eight small Spanish Cities in it.
Tudbury, or Tutbury, a Market Town in Staf∣fordshire, in the Hundred of O••low; upon the River Dove.
Tudela, Tatela, a City and Government in the Kingdom of Navarre, upon the River Ebro; where it receives the Queiles, and is covered with a Bridge: four Leagues from Tarragona, and fifteen from Sar∣ragoza to the South-West. Long. 19. 15. Lat. 43. 00.
Tuitz or Duitz, T••itium, a Town opposite to Co∣logue, on the other side of the Rhine, in Germany: formerly joined to it by a Bridge, which no less than the Town challenged Constantine the Great for its Founder. This Town is famous for a Monastery; in which in the twelfth Century, an Hostia is pretended to have remain'd unburnt in the midst of a Fire.
Tulles, Tuelle, Tutela, Tutella, a City of Limosin in France, upon the River Courrez; the Capital of the Lower Limosin, and a Bishops See, under the Arch∣bishop of Bourges, by the Appointment of Pope John XXII. in the year 1318. It lies two and twenty Miles from Clermont to the West, and fourteen from Limoges to the South. Long. 22. 59. Lat. 45. 20. The Bishops are Lords and Viscounts of the City.
Tulujas, Tulugiae, a Castle in the County of Rou∣sillon in Catalonia, one League from Perpignan: at which, in 1050. the Council, called Concilium Tulu∣giense, was celebrated.
Tun, a River in the County of Kent, falling into the Medway. Tunbridge stands upon it.
Tunbridge, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath, upon the River Tun. Much noted for its Mineral Wells.
Tunchang, a City in the Province of Xanton in the Kingdom of China; upon the River Inn, in the Borders of Pechin.
Tunis, Tunes; Tunetum, a City and Sea-Port on the Coast of Barbary, upon the Mediterranean Sea; now called by the Natives Tune; by the Spaniards Tunez; by the Italians Tunisi. It is great, strong, and populous; about five Miles in compass: con∣taining three hundred Mosques (besides the grand one, which is a Noble Structure); twelve Christian Chappels, eight Synagogues of the Jews, twenty four Cells for Hermites, one hundred and fifty Hott-Houses, eighty six Schools, nine Colleges maintained upon
the Publick Expence, sixty four Hospitals, and about ten thousand Families. The Venetians, Genouese, and others drive a great Trade with it. It has two Walls, a Palace Royal, a Magazine of Merchandises, a spacious Haven, and Prisons for Christian Slaves too well known. Seated in a Plain by the Lake Barba∣sueco; nine Leagues from the Ruines of Carthage, and from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea; eigh∣teen from Goletta: at the bottom of a Bay, to the West of the most Western Cape of Sicily. Not far from this place, Regulus the Roman Consul was de∣feated, and taken by the Carthaginians. In the Times of Christianity it was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Carthage. In the year 1270, unsuc∣cessfully besieged by Lewis IX. King of France. In the year 1535. taken by Charles V. In 1570. it re∣turned under its former Kings; who being since ex∣tinct, it is governed like a Common-wealth, under the Protection of the Turk; but very infamous for Pyracies. Long. 34. 53. Lat. 32. 10. The Country about it yields Olives, Fruits, Grain and Pasturage very well.
The Kingdom of Tunquin, or Tonquin, Tun∣chinum, is bounded on the East and North by that of China; on the South by Cochinchina, and by the great Bay; on the West by the Kingdom of Brama. The Capital City of it is Kecio. The King of this City is also Master of a part of the Province of Quan∣sio. He formerly paid Tribute to the Emperour of China: Now, Homage only by an Ambassadour, by an Establishment in 1667. Of late years the Christian Religion has been preached with good success, (as is said) by the Missionaries of the Church of Rome. A Kingdom of great power, and nigh as large as France: situated in 20 deg. of Lat. and 145. Long. Mostly under the Torrid Zone: yet very fruitful, and healthful; and watered with above fifty Rivers. Cochin China was formerly a Province of it; now a Kingdom tributary to it. It is said to con∣tain about twenty thousand Towns and Cities. The Sect of the Chinese Philosopher, Confusius, obtains much amongst the Tonquinese. It became a separate Kingdom about seven hundred years ago: Before which, it depended as a Province, upon the Empire of China.
Turcomania, Armenia Major, a vast Country in the Lesser Asia: of old called Armenia. It lies between Georgia to the North, the rest of the Lesser Asia to the West, Persia to the East, and Diarbeck to the South. This was the first Country the Turks posses∣sed, after they came out of Tartary, (being most probably descended from the Scythians, that lay be∣twixt the Euxine and Caspian Seas); under Tan∣grolipix, about the year of Christ 1037. But the pre∣sent Line was begun by Osman or Ottoman, about the year 1290: who was a Husbandman, or com∣mon Labourer; and by his Valour raised this Family. Bursa in Bithynia was the first Seat of their Empire, afterwards Adrianople, and then Constantinople. So∣lyman the present Emperour of the Turks, is the one and twentieth of this Line, set up by the Army a∣gainst Mahomet IV. his Brother, out of a Discontent at his Misfortunes in the present War against the Chri∣stians, November 9. 1687.
Turenne, Turena, a Town in Limosin, two Leagues from Courez, and four from Tulles.
Turin, Turino, Augusta Taurinorum, Tauriana, Taurinum, the Capital City of Piedmont in Lom∣bardy: called by the Italians Torino, by the French Turin. It is an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Duke of Savoy; in a very fruitful and pleasant well watered Plain, twenty Miles from the Alpes; upon the River Po, where it receives the Doria. Adorned with a strong and beautiful Castle, built by Emanuel Phil∣bert, Duke of Savoy, in 1565. It has also an Uni∣versity, opened here by Pope Benedict XIII. in 1405. and the Courts of Justice for that Province are held in it. The City is very strong, and grows greater and more splendid; yet in the year 1640. it was taken by the French. Long. 29. 30. Lat. 43 50. The di∣spute betwixt the Bishops of Vienne and Arles for the Primacy, was heard, but not definitively decided, by an ancient Council held here in 397. or 401.
The Empire of the Turks, containeth from East to West, accounting from the Western Borders of the Kingdom of Algiers to the City Balsara upon the Persian Gulph, the space of at least eight hundred Leagues. From North to South, that is, from Caffa in the Taurica Chersonesus, or rather from the City Tanais near the Lake of Moeotis to Aden on the Mouth of the Red Sea and the Streights of Babelman∣del, 7 hundred other Leagues: which together make an Empire of the greatest Extent of any Seignior or Sovereign in these parts of the World; and there∣fore the Emperor thereof bears the Title of the Grand Seignior. He hath in Asia, Natolia, Syria, Turco∣mannia, Diarbech, and the three Arabia's. In Afri∣ca, he hath the Kingdoms of Barca and Egypt; and the States of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli are under his Protection. In Europe, his Dominion extends over Romelia, Macedonia, Albania, Thrace, most of the Islands of the Archipelago, Sclavonia, Servia, Cro∣atia, Bulgaria, and part of Hungary; except what this present War hath dismembred from them; when the Princes of Transylvania, Moldavia, and Wala∣chia paid him also Tribute: as the Republick of Ragusa also did: and even the Crim Tartars recognize his Protection. In the whole, before the present War there were twenty five Governments in this Empire. To wit, Cairo in Egypt, for Africa. Aleppo, Cara∣mit, Natolia, Cogni, Chars, Damascus, Van, Mosul, Suvas, Bagdet, Erzerum, Trebizonde, Tripoli, &c. in Asia. In Europe, Caffa, Candia, Cyprus, Romelia, Bosnia, Temeswaer, and Buda. The beginning of this Empire was laid in the Greater Armenia, about the year 1037. In 1290. the Ottoman Line took its rise: (See Turcomania:) whose Power over the Subject is come to be completely Absolute, Arbitrary, Despotical, Tyrannical. They pray by the Alcoran, and govern by the Sword.
Turquestan. Some make this and the Kingdom of Thibet in the Asiatick Tartary, to be the same Country. Others describe it as a Province betwixt the Great Tartary, and the Empire of the Mogul.
Tuver, Tavera, a City of Moscovy.
Tuxford, a Market Town in Nottinghamshire, in the Hundred of Southclay: called commonly Tux∣ford upon Clay, from the quality of the Soil it stands in.
Tuy, Tude, Tyde, a City of Gallicia in Spain, up∣on the River Minho; six Leagues from its Mouth to the East, twelve from Compostella, and seventeen Bracara. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella; but a small City.
Tweede, Tuaesis, Vedra, Tueda, a River which divides Scotland from England; and falls into the German Ocean at Barwick. Giving name to Twee∣dale, a County in Scotland.
Tyana, an ancient City of Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia, at the foot of the Mountain Taurus: famous for being the Birth-place of the Philosopher Apollo∣nius, called Tyanaeus from it. It became in the Chri∣stian times, an Archbishops See: and in 365. a Coun∣cil of the Oriental Bishops was celebrated at it.
Tyndaro, Tyndarus, a Town in the Island of Si∣cily, in the Valley of Demone towards Petti: which was formerly a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Syracusa. But as Syracusa has been since redu∣ced
to a Bishoprick; so has Tyndaro from a City become a Town.
Tyrconel. See Tirconel.
Tyre, Tyrus, one of the most ancient and cele∣brated Cities of Palestine: supposed to be older than the coming of the Children of Israel out of Egypt: but certainly at the latest built in the year of the World▪ 2693. two hundred and forty years before So∣lomon's Temple, which is the account of Josephus. It flourished, and had the Trade of the whole Medi∣terranean Sea: sent and settled its Colonies on all its Coasts; as far as the Western Ocean, yea, as Britain; and amongst the rest, founded Carthage. But when Jerusalem fell, Tyre kept her company. For Nebu∣chadnezzar took and burnt this City, in the eighteenth year of his Reign, Anno Mundi 3371. the year before he took Jerusalem. Alexander the Great took and ruined it the second time, after a Siege of seven Months, in the year of the World 3618. Yet it recovered a∣gain; and was in great repute during the Roman Empire; and was an Archbishops See, in the times of Christianity, under the Patriarch of Antioch, and af∣terwards of Jerusalem. Adrian the Emperour ha∣ving made it the Metropolis of Phoenicia. About the year of Christ, 641. after the Saracens had by a Siege of three years forced Caesarea to submit to them, they became Masters of this City without resistance: Da∣mascus, Antioch and Jerusalem being taken before. Together with Jerusalem, it returned under Christian Princes again, about the year 1099. In 1111. the the Saracens in vain attempted the▪ Recovery of it: but in 1123. it was taken by them. The Christians regained it, and kept it till the year 1259. when the Tartars took it. In 1263. the Venetians retook it. In 1292. the Saracens finally prevailed, and drove the Western Christians out of Syria. This is now called Sour by the Turks; and has some lovely Antiquities, as Thevenot saith, but no Inhabitants. Long. 67. Lat. 33. 20. In the year 335. a Council here as∣sembled by the order of Constantine the Great, con∣demned Athanasius, deprived him of his Bishoprick of Alexandria, and banished him from that City. In 448. Ibas Bishop of Edessa, accused of Nestorianism, was acquitted by a Council at Tyre: and in 518. there was a third celebrated here.
Tyrnaw, Tirnavia, a small City in the Ʋpper Hungary, in the County of Transchin, upon a River of its own name: called by the Germans, Durn or Dyrne; which has always been under the Empe∣rour, and is the common Residence of the Bishop of Gran, being seated in his Diocese; nine Miles from Comora to the North, eight from Presburgh to the East, and sixteen from Vienna.
Tyrone, Tyronensis Comitatus, the County of Tir-Oen, or as the Irish call it of Thioroghain, is in the Province of Ʋlster in the Kingdom of Ire∣land; between the County of Antrim to the East, London-Derry to the North and West, and Ferma∣nach and Armagh to the South. There is no Town or City of any Note in this County; which hereto∣fore extended further to the West, than now it doth: a part of it being taken into the County of London-Derry.
Tzaconia, the same with Laconia, a Province of the Morea.
Tzebona, a strong Town in Bohemia.
Tzorlich, or Tzurulium, or Ciarlo, a City of Thrace, which is a Bishops See; almost in the middle between Constantinople and Adrianople.
Tzuconi, a Kingdom of Japan.