The surgions directorie, for young practitioners, in anatomie, wounds, and cures, &c. shewing, the excellencie of divers secrets belonging to that noble art and mysterie. Very usefull in these times upon any sodaine accidents. And may well serve, as a noble exercise for gentle-women, and others; who desire science in medicine and surgery, for a generall good. Divided into X. parts. (Whose contents follow in the next page.) / Written by T. Vicary, Esquire, chyrurgion to Hen 8. Edw. 6. Q. Mary. Q. Eliz.

Of VVounds▪ PART. IV. (Book 4)

A Definition of Wounds by their causes.

A Wound is a solution, seperation and recent breach of unity, of that that before was a continuity with out putrified matter, which cor∣ruption giveth the name of an Ulcer to the solution, and no more a Wound.

The causes of Wounds are duall, viz. First by the violence of bodies without life, as we simply call an Incised wound, as when it is caused by edged Instruments. Secondly, we call it a Stab or puncture, caused by theforce of Daggers and the like. Thirdly, we call those Contused wounds, caused by violent use of the object, being some weighty thing (cast as a Stone, or stroake with a Staffe, or their similies) against the subject receiving their forces, differing in their appellations by the diversity of their causes.

Or secondly, wounds are caused by living things, as a wound that is of Biting, scratching and the like, and for these causes they differ in their appellatious.

Also the differencie of Wounds, are taken eyther from their causes by which they are in∣flicted, or from their accidents, viz. the indi∣cation of the place wherein they are scituated. Also, the place maketh difference thus: eyther they happen in the similar parts, as the Flesh, Artery, Veyne, &c. or in the organicall or instrumentall parts, as some intire and whole bulke, truncke, or fully compleat member, or limbe, viz. The Head, Necke, Brest, Belly, &c. Wounds of the Head grow more parti∣cular, because that parts belonging thereto be of more note; as the Face, Nose, Lippes, Eyes, and Eares: wounds of the limbes, arc of the Shoulders, Armes, Thighes, and Legs. Of the similar parts also, some are San∣guine, as the flesh, whose wounds are eyther simple, deepe, hollow, plaine, or proud with flesh. The Spermaticke likewise, are eyther hard or soft; the soft parts, as the Veynes, Arteries, and Sinewes, being wounded, we call them wounds of the hurt part; the hard are the Bones, a breach of which, we call a wound in the Bone.

So Wounds derive their Nominations from the cause, place and simisitudes thereof.

What Wounds are.

WOunds are these, Which in Latine are called Vulnus, of the vulgar Vulner, and they are of two kinds, that is, Simple and Compound: the simple are those, that are onely in the Flesh: the compound are those, where are cut Sinewes, Veynes, Muscles, and Bones, and these are of divers and sundry kinds, and the difference that is among them, is by the variety of the place where they are wounded, and by the difference of the weapon wherewith they were hurt. For some goe right, some overthwart, that offend divers places of the body: The simple are of small importance, if they keepe them cleane and close shut Nature will heale, them, without any kind of medecine: but those where veynes are cut, had neede of some Art or Practise, with the which they must stop the blood, and in any wise not to suffer the wound to remaine open but to sow it up very close, so that the veyne may heale, and those where sinewes are hurt are of great importance, and would be healed with great speed, so the Sinewes

may joyne with more ••ase. But those where bones are hurt, are of great importance, for if the Bone be seperated from the other, of ne∣cessity it must be taken forth before the Wound be healed: So that by this meanes every one may know, what Wounds are and their kinds.

In the Curing of greene Wounds consists a five-fold scope or intention.

THe first, is to draw out that which is sent into the Body, whether by Bullet, Wood, Bone, or Stone; or Arrowes, Darts and such like.

The second, is a Conjunction and united of parts divided.

The third, is a retaining of those parts united in their proper▪seate.

The fourth, is a Conservation of the parts of the substance.

The fifth, is a Prohibition and mitigation of accidents.

For the first intention, it is performed eyther with fit and convenient Instruments, or with attractive Medicines, whereby things that are infixed are drawne out. Which Medicines are these.

Radix Aristolochiae,	Ammoniacum.
Arundis.	Saga Poenum.
Anagallis.	Dictamnum.
Thapsia.	Ranae combustae, Or

Emplastrum Avicennae, so much commen∣ded by Guyd••.

The second and third intention, is performed by binding and Ligature, if the Wound be simple and small, and in a place where it may fitly be performed, yea, although it be large, so it may be easily bound, as in the Muscles of the Arme, and such like; but if it happen that Ligatute will not serve, then must be added the helpe of the Needle, being very care∣full to handle the party gently, and to place it in his due seate.

The fourth intention, is performed and ac∣complished, by appointing of a fit and con∣venient Dyet, according to the strength of the Patient, and greatnesse of the affect and disposition of the whole body: for a thin Dyet and cold, doth very much availe in resisting of Symptoms, we also adde Blood∣letting and Purging of humors to avoide ac∣cidents, also the part is to be contained in his due place, and a Cataplasme framed with the whites of Egges, and other cooling things, are to be applyed, and sometimes to be fomented with astringed Wine.

The fifth intention, is the correcting of accidents, which is Flux of blood, Dolour, Tumor, Paralysis, Convulsion, Fever, Syn∣cope, Delerium, and Itching.

But this is to observed in the Fluxe of blood: whether it hath flowne sufficiently or no; if otherwise the Fluxe is to be suffered; for after a sufficient Fluxe, the wound doth re∣maine dry, and is so much the neerer cured and the lesse Symptomes follow, as Phlegmon and such like: and if the wound bleed not sufficient, we must open a veyne for revulsion▪ according to the greatnesse of the affect, and the nature of the wound: especially when through paine or other cause wee feare in∣flamation or a Feaver.

How a sicke man should Dyet himselfe being Wounded.

A Wounded man, or a man sore beaten be∣ing sicke, must be kept from Milke, But∣ter, Cheese, Hearbes, Fruites, Fish, (except fre••h-water Fish) Women, Garlicke, Onions, Leekes, Peason, &c. Also divers sorts of meats must he not eate, as fresh Beefe, water Fowles, Goose, or Duck, nor drinke too much strong Wine. But he may eate Porke, Mutton, Chic∣ken, Henne, or Capon.

Of Wounds and their Cures happe∣ning in severall places of the Body.

And first, of infirmities incident to Souldiers in a Campe.

COmmonly, there are three In∣firmities that offend Souldi∣ers in a Campe above all the rest, the which are these: Fea∣vers, Wounds, and Fluxes of the body▪ the which thou mayst helpe in this order following with these Medicines. Quintessence of Wine, Balsamo, Magno Licore, Quintessentia, and Spice Im∣periall; and as for the order to use them is thus. When any hath a Feaver or Flux, then presently when the Disease beginneth, let him Blood in one of the two veynes underneath the Tongue, cutting it overthwart, and this thou shalt doe in the Evening, then the next morn∣ing, take a Doze of your Imperiall powder mixt with Wine, and this you may doe with∣out any Dyet or strict order: that being done,

give him three mornings together, halfe an ounce of our Quintessence solutive, with Broath: but if it bee a Fluxe, and that the Patient is not cured, let him stand in a cold Bath of Salt-water of the Sea, three or foure houres or more, and he shall be perfectly ho••pe.

Then as concerning Wounds, as well as Cuts as thrusts, and as well Galling with Arrowes, as Harquebush shot, and other sorts, thou shalt cure them thus. The first thing that thou shalt doe to them is to wash them very cleane with Wine, and then dry them well, then put thereinto Quintessence of Wine, and presently joyne the parts together, and sowe or stitch them close, then put thereupon five or sixe drops of our Balsamo, and upon the wound lay a cloth wet in our Magno Licore as hote as yee may suffer it, and this yee shall do the first day: then the next day follow this order. First, put thereon our Quintessence, and a little of our Balsamo, and then our Magno Licore very hote, and never change that medicine. And this done, the wound shall be whole with great speed and in a quarter of the time that the common Chirurgions is able to doe it, by the grace of God.

A rare secret, the which this Author did send to a very friend of his being in the Warres: the which helpeth all wounds eyther by Cut, Thrust, galling with Arrowes, or Hargu∣bush-shot, or otherwise.

THe first thing that yee shall doe, is to wash the Wounds very cleane with Urine, and then dry it very well: then put therein Quintessence of Wine, and presently joyne the parts close together, and stitch or sow them well; but in any wise sowe no∣thing but the Skinne: for otherwise it will cause great paine: Then put thereon five or sixe drops of our Balsamo, and upon the Wound▪ lay a cloth wet in our Magno Li∣core▪ as hote as they can suffer it, and this doe the first day.

Then the next day follow this order.

First, put thereon our Quintessence, and then a little of our Balsamo: and then an∣noint it very well with our Magno Licor••, as hot as it may be suffered: Never changing this Medicine untill it be whole. This is very certaine and approved.

Of wounds in the Head, with fracture of the Bone.

VVOunds of the Head with fracture of the Bone, of the common Physitians and Chirurgions, are counted difficile to be healed, because thereunto belongeth great Art or Cunning: For they open the Flesh, and raise the Bone, with many other things, of which J count it superfluous to intreat of, be∣cause that many be holpen without them. For alwayes when the Physitians or Chirurgions doe offend the Wound for alteration or cor∣ruption▪ Nature it selfe will worke very well, and heale it without any ayde. But with our Medicines they may be holpen with much more speed, because they let the alteration, and defendeth them from Putrifaction, and mittigateth the paine. And the order to Cure those kind of wounds are thus. The first thing that is to be done in those Wounds, is to joyne the parts close together, and dresse them upon the wound with our Oleum Benedictum, and upon the Oyle lay cloathes wet in our Magno Licore, as hot as you can suffer it: And so with the Remedies thou shalt helpe them quickly: because our Oleo Benedicto

taketh away the paine, and keepeth it from putrifaction and resolveth. Our Magno Li∣core digesteth, mundifieth, and incarnateth and healeth. And therefore this is the best Medi∣cine that can be used in these wounds. For hereof J have had an infinite of Experiences, the which hath beene counted miracles: and therefore J have let the world to understand thereof, that they may helpe themselves if need shall serve.

Of Wounds in the Head, where the Bone is not offended.

VVOunds in the Head, where the Bone is not hurt, are not of such impor∣tance, but are easily to be holpen: for you shall doe nothing, but keepe it from putri∣faction, and defend it from inflamation, which are easie to be done, and so Nature will worke well with great speed. To keepe the wound from putrifaction, you must annoynt it round about with our Oleum Philosophorum, De∣terebinthina, and Sera. And to keepe it from inflamation, you shall wash it with our Quintessence, and upon the wound dresse it with our Magno Licore; thus doing, thy cure shall prosper happily, and shall not need to

take away any blood, nor yet to keepe any dyet, no•• yet to keepe the house, but to goe where you thinke good, without any perill or danger: and this order have J used a long time, as divers of my friends can testifie.

Of Concussions or Bruises, as well in the Head as any other place.

COncussions or Bruises in the head or any other place of the body, of the antient Physitians hath beene counted dangerous to heale, for they say, that Concussions must be brought to putrifaction, and turned into matter, which opinions J doe allow, for by me those Concussions or bruises is very easie to bee dissolved without maturation: And that J doe with our Oleo Benedicto, and Mag∣no Licore, as much of the one as of the other mixt together, and made very hote as you can suffer it, and then wet cloathes twice a day, and in three or foure dayes at the most they shall be dissolved: and this it doth, because this Remedy assubtiliateth the humours, and openeth the Pores, and draweth forth the matter that is runne into the place offended, and so by those meanes they shall be holpen with this remedy: J have cured hundreds,

when J was in the warres of Africa, in Anno. 1551. when a whole City was taken and destroyed by the Campe of Charles the fifth, Emperour.

Of Wounds in the Necke and the order to be used in curing them.

VVOunds in the necke are very hard to be cured, and long before they heale, and this commeth, because next are all the ligaments of the head, as bones, sinewes, veynes, flesh, and skinne, all instruments that hold the head and the body together, without the which a man cannot live; and therefore those wounds are so perillous to be healed, seeing thereunto runneth so great a quantity of humours, that they will not suffer the wound to be healed.

The true way therefore to helpe those wounds, is to stitch them well in his place, and dresse it upon the wound, with cloathes wet in Oleum Benedictum one part, and Magno Licore three parts, mixt together, as hote as you can suffer it. And upon the cloath lay the powder of Mille-foyle, and this thou shalt doe once in 24 houres, and so that shall helpe them quickly: giving you great charge

that you change not your Medicine; For it mundifieth, incarnateth, and healeth the wound without any further helpe, for J have proved it an infinite and many times.

Of Wounds in the Armes, and their impor∣tances and Medicines.

VVOunds in the Armes are dangerous, for that there also are a great num∣ber of Sinewes, Cartylagines, Veynes, Muscles, and other dangerous things, as it is well seene in wounds in that place, how that thereunto runneth abundance of Humours, and there commeth alteration, Inflamation, and Im∣postumation which hurteth the Patient much. Therefore in this case, J will shew thee a rare secret, where-with thou shalt helpe any sort of wound in the Arme, without any altera∣tion, and with a little paine, and the secret is this, Dresse the Wound upon the upper parts with our Magno Licore, very warme, with∣out any tenting at all, and this doe once a day, and no more, and in no wise change your Medicine; for with this thou mayest helpe all Wounds in the Armes with great speed▪ and it is one of the greatest secrets that can be used for the wounds in the armes: and proved by me infinite times.

Of Wounds in the Legs, and their parts.

VVOunds in the Legs are in a manner of the same quality as those in the armes, because the Legs are of their proper quality and nature, compounded of the like substance that the Armes are: that is, in Skinne, flesh, Muscles, Veynes, Sinewes, and Bones: And these, when they are offended or wounded, are very perillous, because unto them runneth great quantity of humours, and in the Legges are certaine places deadly (as men say) as the hinder part of the calfe of the Leg, nnd the middle of the inner part of the thigh, the ankle, and the foote, are all places troublesome and curious to heale when they are wounded, and therefore to heale them ac∣cording to the manner of the Antients, it were great trouble to the Chirurgion: and pity to see the paine of the Patient. Wherefore in any wise use not the Medicines of the Antients. But when thou hast occasion, joyne unto the skill of thy Art the use of these Medicines, our Quintessentia, Balsamo, Magno Licore, Oleo di Rasa, Olea Benedicto, Ole•• Philoso∣phorum. Any of these, or such like, which are incorruptible, which by their proper quality

assubtiliateth concussions, pierceth to the bot∣tome of the Wounds, keepeth the flesh in his naturall Caliditie and humidity, perserveth from Putrifaction, and naturally maketh the Flesh to joyne and grow together, and that in a short space. Therefore consider well, which worketh better Effect, ours, or the Antients, and use them at thy discretion.

A Discourse upon old Wounds, which are not thorowly healed; with their Remedies.

VVHen that Wounds are ill healed, and that therein commeth Impostuma∣tions, and that the part of the wounds be in∣durated and full of paine, then use this secret of our Invention, which was never yet seene nor heard of the Antients, nor yet of our time, but of us. When thou findest such a cause, wash the Wound well, and make it cleane round about, and then wash it with our Quintessentia Vegetabile, and Bathe it well thorow, for that the said Quintessentia doth open the Pores, and assubtiliateth the matter, and causeth the humour to come forth.

This being done, annoynt it all over with our Magno Licore▪ and this done, within three dayes the Patient shall feele great ease, and in

short time after he shall be whole. This is one of the most noblest Medicines that can bee made: For it takes away the hardnesse healeth the Wound, and comforteth the place of∣fended.

A rare secret to heale Wounds of Gunshot, Ar∣rowes, or such like, in the Wars, when hast is required.

IF thou wilt cure these Wounds presently, joyn the parts together with speed, washing it with Aqua Coelestis, and Oleum Balsam••, of our invention, and lay a cloath wet to the same very close thereon.

To heale a Wound quickly.

VVAsh the Wound well with our Aqua Balsamo, and close it up, and thereupon lay a cloth of the Oyle of Franken∣sence, and so by this meanes thou shalt heale any great Wound quickly: For J have proved it infinite times to my great credit.

To heale a Wound quickly, that is in danger of any Accidents.

WOunds in some parts of the Body are very dangerous of Life, and especially

where the Sinewes or Veynes bee (cut or pierced) or Veynes or Muscles be hurt, or Bones broken, and by an infinite of other particulars, which being open or ill healed, the Patient may be in danger of life, because the winde entreth in, and causeth paines and inflamation; and therefore to avoyd all these aforesaid matters, so that the wound shall have no detriment use this remedy. First joyne the parts close together, and put therein our Quintessence, and lay a cloth wet in our Baulme, and binde it fast that the ayre come not in, for it is very hurtfull. You shall un∣derstand that these be two of the best experi∣enced Medicines that may be found: because our Quintessence doth assubtiliate the Blood, and taketh it forth, and taketh away the paine. And the Baulme doth warme and comfort the place offended. And will not suffer any Mat∣ter to runne thereinto by any meanes: for this is most true, as J have proved it divers and sundry times, and alwayes have had very good successe.

To stay the fluxe of Bloud in Wounds.

VVHen there is a fluxe of Blood in any wound by reason of some veyne

that is cut, and that the Chirurgion would stop it, it is necessary, that he put into it our Quintessence, and then to stitch it up very close and hard, and upon the wound strow the blood of a Man dryed, made in powder, and lay upon the wound a cloath wet in our Baulme artificially, very warme, and upon that binde the wound very straight with Liga∣ments, and twice a day wash it with our Quintessentia, and round about it annoynt it with our Baulme, and also cast thereon our secret powder for wounds, and that doe, Morning and Evening every day without opening the wound, and in short time it will remaine well, giving you charge that the wounded person doe keepe no straight Dyet, because Nature being weake relaxeth the Veynes, and that causeth the fluxe of blood.

Another for the same.

FIrst, stitch the wound close, then cast there∣on Mans blood, and bind it somewhat hard, so let it remaine 24. houres: And when you unbind it, take heed you remove nothing, and cast thereon more dried blood, and annoint it round about with Oleum Philosophorum, Deteribinthina and Cera, and bind it againe

other 24. houres, and bind it gently, and an∣noynt the wound with Oyle of Frankensence, and in short time it will be perfectly whole.

A defence to be layd upon VVounds.

TAke perfect Aqua-vitae of good Wine, what quantity you will, and put therein Hipericon, Mill-foyle, Viticella, and Bitony, and then let it stand certaine dayes close stop∣ped, and when ye will use it, wet a cloth there∣in and lay it round about the Wound, and thou shalt have thy intent, to the great satisfa∣ction of the Patient.

A secret Powder for wounds.

TAke Hipericon flowers and leaves, Mill∣foyle, and Viticella, and stampe them well together, and so strew it upon the Wound, and round about the wound, when it is dres∣sed, and that doth defend it from accidents.

A Composition of great vertue against all Vlcers and Sores.

TAke the Oyle of Vitrioll that is perfect, as much as you will, and put it into a Glasse, with as much Oyle of Tartar made by

dissolution, and so let it stand ten dayes: Then take one scruple of that, and one ounce of pure Aqua vitae, and mixe them together, and therewith wash the hollow Ulcers and they will heale in short time. It helpeth any crude kind of Scab or sore that is caused of the evill quality or nature.

A Note of a certaine Spanyard, wounded in the head at Naples.

There was a certaine Spanyard called Sa∣mora, of the age of 34. yeares, of complexion Cholericke and Sanguine, the which was wounded in the left side of the head, with inci∣sion of the Bone. Now yee must understand, that in Naples the ayre is most ill for wounds in the Head, by reason that it is so subtill, and for that cause the Doctors did feare the Cure: Neverthelesse, J dressed him with our Magno Licore, and Balsamo Artificio, keeping the wound as close as was possible, annoynting it onely upon the wound, and so in 14. dayes he was perfectly whole, to the great wonder of 2 number of Chyrurgions in that City.

For to heale Hurts and VVounds.

TAke Mallowes and seeth them well, and when they be boyled, take and stampe

them, and take old Barrowes grease and clean Barley meale, and mingle the Juyce, the Meale and the Grease all together, and make a salve thereof, it is a ready healer.

To stanch the Blood of a Cut.

TAke a good handful of Nettles and bruise them, and then lay them upon the wound hard bound with a cloth, and it will stanch it presently.

Another for the same.

TAke Hogs-dung hot from the Hog, min∣gle it with Suger and lay it to the wound will stay the bleeding.

For to staunch the blood of a VVound.

TAke a Linnen-cloth, and burne it to pow∣der, and bind it to the Wound or Veyne that is hurt, and it helpeth.

A healing Salve for any greene VVound.

TAke two yolkes of Egges, halfe a pound of Turpentine, half a quarter of an ounce of Mastick, half a quarter of an ounce of Nitre and halfe a quarter of an ounce of Wearick,

two ounces of Bucks-tallow, halfe a gille of Rose-water, and half a quarter of an ounce of Saffron, mixe all these together and make of them a Salve, and keepe it for your use.

The Lord Capels salve for Cuts or Rancklings comming of Rubbings: It is also a very good Lip-salve.

TAke a pound of May-butter and clarifie it, then take the purest thereof: also take three ounces of English wax, and two ounces of Rozine, and clarifie them by themselves, then boyle them all together, and when it is well boyled, coole it, and after keepe it in the Cake, or otherwise as your Salve.

For to draw and heale a Cut.

TAke the Juyce of Smalledge, the Juyce of Bugle, of each a like quantity; take also Waxe, Rozen unwrought, Sheepes Suet, Deeres suet, of each a like quantity, of Sallet oyle▪ and Turpentine but a little; Fry them all, and scrape a little Lint, and lay a little salve upon the Lint, and put it in the Cut, and then lay a Plaister over it.

A Salve for fresh Wounds.

TAke Harts-grease and Turpentine, of each foure Ounces: oyle of Roses, Franken∣sence and Masticke, of each one ounce, and so make your Salve, and lay it to the sore.

A Salve that cleanseth a Wound and heal••th it.

TAke white Turpentine unwashed foure ounces, the yolke of an Egge, and a little Barley meale, and so make a Salve.

To kill dead Flesh.

TAke the Juyce of Smalledge, and the yolke of an Egge, Wheaten flower, a spoonfull of Honey: and mingle all these to∣gether, and drop it into the Sore, or otherwise make a Plaister: Fine Suger scraped into powder will doe the same.

A Playster for old Sores.

TAke Litarge of Gold, one pound, oyle of Roses two pound, white Wine a pinte, Urine a pinte, Vineger halfe a pinte, Waxe,

Frankensence, and Myrrhe, of each two Drams, and so make your Plaister according.

For a Canker, Fistula, Warts, or Wounds, new or old.

TAke a Gallon and a halfe of running Water, and a pecke of Ashen ashes, and seeth them, and make thereof a Gallon of Lie, and put thereto a gallon of Tanners woose▪ and powder of roch Allome, and Madder a pound: and seeth all these, and let your panne be so great, that it be little more then halfe full, and when it riseth in the seething, stirre it downe with a ladle, that it runne not over, and let it stand three or foure houres till it be cleere, and all that is cleere straine it through a good thicke Canvasse, and then wet therein a ragged cloth, and long Lint, and lay it on the sore, and this is good for all the Diseases aforesaid.

A Salv•• for any Wound.

TAke Housleeke, Marigold leaves, Sage▪ Betonie, and garden Mallowes, of each one handfull, stampe them, and straine them, then take the juyce, and half a pound of fresh Butter, one penny worth of fine Turpentine, ••ery well washed, one penny worth of Aqua

Composita, and an Oxe-gall, mixe them all together, and boyle them moderately upon the Imbers, and so make a Plaister.

To h••lp•• the Ach of a Wound.

FOr Ache of a Wound, stampe Fennell, with old Swines Greace, and heate it and binde it thereto, R••cip. the juyce of Smallage, Honey, old Swines greace, and Rye meale, and apply it Plasterwise.

To heale Wounds without Plaister, Tent or Oyntment, except it ••e in the Head.

STampe Fennell, Yarrow, Buglosse, an••▪ white Wine, and drinke it 2. or 3. times a day till you be well. Mixe Swines greace with Honey, Rye meale, and Wine, and boyle it and use it, but if it heale too fast, put in the juyce of Bryonie a little, or bruise Jsop and put in while the wound is raw is very good.

To heale a Wound that no scarre or print thereof shall be seene.

ROst Lilly roots, and grinde them with Swines greace, and when the wound is healed, anoynt it therewith often.

Thus much for VVounds.