Purchas his pilgrimes. part 2 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. VI.

Relations of the Christianitie of Africa, and especially of Barbarie, and Algier; [ 20] written by I. B. GRAMAYE.

THus much haue I related of the Iesuites and Dominicans later labours in Africa. Gra∣maye * 1.1 hath lately published ten Bookes or Tractates of Africa: he sayth that there are some Relikes of the antient Christians after so many inundations of Heresie and Ma∣hometisme, both in Marocco, Tunes, and Lybia, which vse the Masse of the Mozarabes * 1.2 translated into Arabike: there are also Greekes, and Abassines, and of diuers Nations Merchants with free vse of their conscience. At Tunes, and Tripolis, Priests in Gownes, Monkes in their Cowles, are permitted publike supplications and funerals. In the Kingdome of Fesse their libertie [ 30] is greater. But in all the Coast of Barbaria there is no securitie of the publike exercise of Christian Religion, nor any Monasteries: but at Oram & in the places subiect or confederat to the Spaniards. In the places subiect to the Moors & Turks, there is publike permitted, not secured both exercise, Churches, & places of buriall in towns; somtimes eclipsed or disturbed by the Morabutes, in times of drought, at which times, as it were, to appease the angry Deitie, they spoile Churches, inhi∣bite Christian Holies, ouerthrow Tauernes (for none else may sell Wine) which after a few dayes are againe permitted. The Christian Church-yard, or rather Buriall-place, is a piece of ground without the Towne, neere the Iewish Buriall-place, not inclosed, yea (in places) bearing Corne. But the sandy soyle scarsly secures the Corpses from Dogs. Prayers and other Rites are vsed at the Graues, but not at Algier, without scoffes and iniuries, specially from Boyes. Priests admi∣nister [ 40] Sacraments without speciall Cure, or certaine Stipend, or Order; yea, some without Or∣ders. Baptisme is often administred by the Lay-people, and without the Ecclesiasticall Ceremo∣nies; and whatsoeuer requires Episcopall benediction of long time hath there wanted. Seldom is there Sermon, neuer Catechising, Vespers, or Lauds, till our Author procured.

In the Kingdome of Argire are supposed to be two hundred thousand Christians, of which the most are Renegados or Apostatas, which professe Mahometisme: some, but very few, of their owne accord; some by force, as Boyes which they take, and Infants (neither is it lawfull for a∣ny to be freed thence till hee bee fifteene yeeres old) some dissembling, yet hardly escaping, by reason of certaine death, if taken in the attempt; some by rewards of riches and honour; others by feare of torture, and despaire of libertie. Of such as continue Romish Christians are in that Kingdome supposed to be two and thirty thousand, besides those of the Reformed or other pro∣fessions. [ 50] And although in ten yeeres last past (till An. 1619.) 1200. Spaniards haue beene freed, yet in that space eight thousand haue succeeded in seruitude, besides sixe hundred dead. Some of which are in the Countrey or Gardens, and haue publike Seruice onely when they come to the Citie, where at this time were eight captiued Priests, not at all Graduates, and two onely which haue addicted themselues to Diuinitie. There are foure Churches in the Prisons, in the Citie and Diocesse of Hippon two, in that of Cirth and Teslen two. They haue an Oratory in the house of the French Consull.

Supplications are performed in their times with deuotion and store of Candles. But there is no Font, nor holy Oyle, Chrisme; nor are the Sacraments (giue me leaue to vse our Authours words) of marriage, Extreme vnction, Orders, or Confirmation administred; Baptisme is done [ 60] with simple water, Penance by any Priest: the buriall place not consecrated. The Authour being there captiued, did reforme things by a Visitation, with consent and request of those Christians, and subiection to the Pope and all which might challenge any right prouided.

There are in Barbary, in the Kingdoms of Argier, Tunes, Tripoli, Fesse, one hundred and twenty thousand Christian captiues: there are eightie six Families in those parts of Christian Merchants, * 1.3 Freemen; Of Greeke Christians, one hundred seuenty nine Families; Of Iewes which haue trade with the French, are one hundred fiftie sixe thousand Families. Romish Priests Captiues sixtie two. Churches permitted to Christian Holies sixteene. In seuen and twentie yeares past (1619.) there hath beene no Bishop, but the Greeke Patriarch: * 1.4 neither is there any Ecclesiasticall Discipline, that not one of a hundred liues like a Christian, the Priests liuing of Almes, conten∣ting themselues with their Masse without cure of soules; their paritie also making them care∣lesse each of other; scarsly any thing Christian-like celebrated but the * 1.5 Masse.

Gramaye is confident that Argier is that Iol, which was the Seat Royall of Iuba, by his Sonne new built, and called Caesarea; a Coyne of Claudius is in inscribed IOL CAeSAREA [ 10] IVBAe REGIA. After his death Caligula brought this Kingdome of Mauritania, (which contayned those of Argier, Fesse, Marocco, and part of Tunes) into two Prouinces, Tingitana and Caesariensis. Claudius made this Caesarea a Colonie, some few Antiquities and Inscriptions yet re∣mayning. Thirty miles from the Citie is Sarsella where is infinite Rubbish, as the Graue, with * 1.6 Relikes of Fabrickes, and Aquaeducts, as the bones of the Carkasses, and Inscriptions, as Epitaphs, ancient Coynes as Memorials (of which many were giuen him) for feare of suspition hee durst not make search. And although Alger, Argel, Algiers, or Argier (the very name breeds confu∣sion) be described before out of * 1.7 Nicolay; seeing we haue met with later Intelligence by almost seuentie yeares then the former (since that was printed in our sixth Booke) we haue thought good to adde out of him some better light of this Hel-mouth, the Centre of Earthly darknesse. [ 20]

It is seated on the mid-land Sea, on the side of a hill, whereby one house hinders not the pro∣spect * 1.8 of the next. Cheridim Barborossa, fortified it with the Iland, which yet Tempests some∣time assault with great hurt to the ships as happened this yeare 1619. fiue and twentie shippes broken in the Port. The forme of the Citie is almost Bow-fashion. The circumference of the old Towne is three thousand foure hundred paces: Barbarossa began and after 1573. Arabamet fini∣shed a Wall about the Iland, except that part which is open to the Port and Citie. Lately they haue founded a fiue cornered Towre to secure both. The Turrets, Fortresses, Bulwarkes, I omit. The houses within are close to the Wall; without, is a Ditch of sixteene paces, scowred by A∣rabamet, but now in some places mired vp, and scarce halfe of it is cleare. Without the Towne are three Castles: two of which were built, Anno 1568. 1569. the third before, was finished 1580. [ 30] * 1.9 Except one the streets are very narrow, and in Winter very durty. Out of their Rate or Taxe∣bookes, I find of late yeares, by the destroying of the Suburbes, for feare of Don Iohn of Austria 1573. and since the Moores were expelled last from Spaine, it is very much increased in buil∣dings, not like the descriptions anciently published, which leaue therein open and vacant places. And although the Houses to the street side are darke, yet being inwardly built with square Cloi∣sters as it were, the light is supplyed, as the Roofes serue them for Galleries and Prospects; in the midst is a Well, but the water brackish. They vse no Chimneyes, but make fires of coales in Earthen Pannes in their Porches or Roofes. They white the out-side of their Houses against great Feasts. The Kings Palace and great mens Houses haue Courts spacious, with specious Pil∣lers about, and many by-roomes spred with Mats or Carpets; their custome beeing to put off [ 40] their shooes when they enter. Their House-hold Furniture is otherwise meane, the vulgar ha∣uing nothing but a Mat, Carpet, Mattresse, two Vests hanging, Pots and Dishes of Earth, and long woodden Spoones, with a woodden Chest: two or three staues fastned to the Wals coue∣red with boards serue for a Bed, sitting and lying more commonly on the floore on a Mat or Car∣pet. Their Garments hang on lines ouer the Bed, Pelts are their Naperie, Water their Drinke, Rice their Meate with Pulse, Meale, a little Flesh, and some fruits, whence Victuals are cheape. There are no Conduits, Sewers, nor Wels of sweet water; fiue Cisternes from without, supply∣ing that want, together with that which is fetched on mens shoulders out of the fields, by aboue one thousand Slaues and Moores. Their are seuen faire Mosquets, specially the greatest; fiue Col∣ledges of Ianizaries, where some sixe hundred of them liue together in a House; one Hospitall [ 50] built by Assan Bassa, foure faire Bathes, being Prisons for slaues; two for washing with hote or cold, paued with Marble, and furnished with Chambers; and Conduits for Arte-brought waters, vsed by the Moores and Turkes of both Sexes almost euery day; and the two Royall Porches, one of thirtie sixe foote square with Columnes, where the Duana of the Ianizaries is kept, the other before the Palace.

Within the Wals are neere thirteene thousand Houses, many of which are inhabited by thir∣tie * 1.10 Families; the House of Iacob Abum in the lower Iewrie hath three hundred, of Abraham Ralbin, two hundred and sixtie Families, and others likewise. There are aboue one hundred Mosquets, each hauing three Morabutes Curats, and some thirtie or fortie, besides the Orato∣ries [ 60] of Heremites and Sepulchres; sixty two Bathes, eighty sixe Schooles for Children to learne to reade and write, and a few others for the Alcoran; Suburb-gardens fourteene thousand sixe hundred ninetie eight, each hauing one or more Christians, some sixe or eight to keepe them. Nor is there scarce a Family in the Citie, which hath not one or more Christian slaues of both

Sexes, some a great multitude, as Faretbey, seuenty two. Ali-Mami, one hundred thirty two. Ali Pizalini, sixty three. Aripagi, thirty eight. Asan Portuges, forty. Salomon Reis thirtie two. And in the Kings Prison are commonly two thousand, and two or three thousand in the three * 1.11 Gallies and seuentie two ships of warre, which Anno 1619. were there, so that in and about the Citie their seeme to be of them aboue thirtie fiue thousand.

Haed•• which liued here many yeares, reckons of the Naturall Moores called Baldis, freed * 1.12 from Tribute by Barbarossa, of good complexion almost white, liuing on their Lands, Handy∣crafts, or Merchandize, two thousand fiue hundred Families. Of Moores Cabaijales or For∣reners from the Mountaynes of Couko and Labesan, called Azuages, and from other Mountaynes * 1.13 seuen hundred Families. I learned that there were about three thousand Arabian Beggers. Of the Modaiares, which were expelled out of the Kingdomes of Granada, and the Tagarines out [ 10] of Valentia and Arragon, Haedo numbreth one thousand Families; I adde (saith Gramay) as ma∣ny more, which haue brought Trades hither to the great increase of Argier. Of Turkes out of Asia and Romania, besides Ianizaries are sixteene hundred Families, and aboue sixe thousand of renied Christians. Of Alcaids (that is of Commanders, in the Towne and Forts) one hundred thirty sixe Families, aboue three hundred Arraiz, which haue places of command in the Nauie: fiue hundred Families of Espaijs, sixe thousand Genizaries, eighty sixe green-headed Xerifes of Mahomets Kindred, Agi or Mecca-saints aboue eight hundred. Haedo reckons three thousand Merchants Families of diuers Nations, and two thousand shops. The Handi-crafts cannot ea∣sily bee reckoned: in the Smiths street are eightie Masters, they say twelue hundred Taylors, three thousand Weauers, three hundred Butchers, foure hundred Bakers, &c. The Iewes haue [ 20] sixe large Synagogues, not able to contayne their multitudes, reported to bee aboue eight thou∣sand men. All these in the Citie. In the Countrey, are in Garrisons at Tremesen, Constantina, and the rest sixteene thousand Genezaries, and Souldiers. Of Arabians, Anno 1617. when there was rumour of the Spaniards comming, sixe Morabutes offered the King and the Duana sixe score thousand Horse-men, and sixty thousand Foot-men. Thus Argier which an old Iew of ninety an Eye-witnesse reported to me, when Chorles the Emperour intended the siege, had scarsly eight hundred men fit for resistance within the Walls, and a great part of the Moore∣citizens were forced to liue by Husbandry and fishing, is now encreased principally by ejection of the Moores out of Spaine, in the yeares 1492. 1567. and 1607. more to our griefe then [ 30] wonder.

For the Gouernment, the King, hath a kind of freedome, yet doth nothing of import with∣out the Duana. Hee hath his Belerbei, or chiefe Captayne, wonted to bee sent with the Bassa from Constantinople, but many yeeres since continued among the Argerians; his Califa or Chan∣cellor, who represents the Kings person if he be absent. The Cadi, one for the Moores, another for the Turkes (to whom is Appeale from the former, and from this to the Aga) are sent from Constantinople, with their Notaries Assistants. In Ciuill Cases and Criminall they are vsed, with the Mufties or Bishops, a Turke and a Moore. All their plea is by Witnesses, and seldome their sentences are recorded, and when they are, no name subscribed but a seale or Okered stampe. From these and from the King himselfe lyeth an Appeale to the Aga, the chiefe of the Duana, * 1.14 [ 40] wherein all things are handled, and vpon the rude cryes of the vulgar, sentence is executed. Rarely is a Turke put to death, except for Mutinie and Rebellion they be strangled: Adulteres∣ses are drowned; in other offences they are fined in the decrease or losse of pay and place, or blowes giuen them with a Rope or Cudgell, on the backe, belly, and soles of the feet.

The Iewes haue also their Magistrates and Iudges, and punish theirs according to the Law: so * 1.15 yet, that the King doth inflict punishments, sometimes for imaginary crimes to extort reall summes from them. The Christians should also according to couenants with the Christian King, haue judgement of their owne Consuls, but fauour procures the contrary. As the Aga and Ca∣di in the Citie, so in the Countrey the Alcayde, and Makadi exercise like jurisdiction but subject to the former. And in Villages the Xeque doth all amongst the Arabs, from whom seldome is recourse to the King. The Sea-Common-wealth is exercised by the Arraez and his Balu-co∣baxi. [ 50] One of the Kings Pages, a youth, heareth (sitting on a stone abroad before the Kings Pa∣lace) the causes of the Whores, and inferiour womens brawles, and the fine returneth to him∣selfe. The Aga is chiefe of the Ienizeries, and possesseth his place two moneths, and sometimes we haue seene foure in a fortnight, the King giuing so many silke Gownes to them after the cu∣stome: which place hauing passed he is free from Tribute, and liues among the Espaijs (of whom there is sixe or seuen hundred Families) He comes no more at the Duana, except hee bee called: to this, they arise by degrees, euery Ianizarie being capable in his order.

The Iewes weare a distinction in their clothes. The common apparell is, drawers not to hin∣der them in making water, a Wast-coate with wide sleeues not to hinder their washing to the [ 60] elbow, a broad girdle, with goodly great Kniues in a sheath on the left hand; breeches in Win∣ter like the Spaniards, Zapatas or coloured shooes to put on and off without touch of the hand, a kind of gowne vppermost. Euery eight day they shaue their heads except on the crowne, that locke being left to draw them to Paradis••. The head is alway couered (in salutation they lay the

hand to the brest and bow the head) with a Turbant, or a coloured cap with Linnen foure or fiue times wreathed about. They all weare Rings of diuers matter. The womens habit differs little from the mens, nor could a woman going in the streets be knowne but by her woman-slaue at∣tending. They sit at home on Mats or Carpets prating (few except) all day long, except when they goe to the Bathes, Heremites, Wizards, Sepulchres, Gardens, Feasts, which are common with them. They delight in blacke haire which they procure with Medicines. They haue little care of their Children, none of their Familie; too much of Superstitions and Lusts.

These Algierians haue the foolish conceits of other Mahumetans, some also more proper, that * 1.16 Fooles and Dwarfes are Saints, their Morabutes to be inspired and to consult with God, the Vi∣ands set on Sepulchres weekly to be eaten by the soules; and if sicke persons offer there any thing [ 10] which a beast eateth, that the disease is deriued to it; that the head-ach is lessened with rolling a Goats or sheeps head on the Roofe; that it is not lawfull to buy in May, not to bring in at doore Garleeke or Broomes, but (if there be need of them) at the Roofe; that it is a meritorious worke to prostitute their Wiues to the Morabutes, and that the same men bugger with beasts; that shew∣ing pitie to beasts, shauing, washing (though in the Sea) clenseth sinnes; that (Sodomiticall) sinnes against Nature are vertues. But to bedew the Garment in making vrine, to let paper lye on the ground, the Alcoran to be touched or seene of one not Mahumetan, to fart in Sala (or * 1.17 Prayer) time, or then to defend a mans selfe (as Mulei Abdelummi assaulted by his Brother and wounded in the Church 1577. would not stirre till Sala was done) or to bleed, or neeze, or spit, to wipe the buttockes except with the left finger, to drinke out of a smacking narrow mouthed [ 20] pot, to locke the Bed-chamber by night, to stampe on the Earth when they play at ball, to write with a Pen (for they vse Reeds) to eate Snailes taken out of the fields (reputed holy) to touch money before they haue said their Morning Prayers, to hold the Alcoran beneath the girdle, to haue printed Bookes, or Pictures of men or beasts; to admit Christians or women to their Mes∣quits, to vse Bels, to exchange a Christian Captiue for a Turke, to breech children with Rods (they whip the sole of the foot with a Whip) these are all sinnes and enormities at Algier. They beleeue that on their Easter mid-night all waters are asleepe, and hee which can get that sleepe shall be a happie man. With their Morabutes you are safe in the midst of Theeues. It is vnlawfull to goe into a new house, vndertake a Iourney or begin any great businesse with∣out Sacrifice of a sheepe: vnluckie to sayle without consulting the Fortune-booke. They play [ 30] * 1.18 not at Dice and Cards, nor sweare, nor fight one with another. The King and great men let their beards grow, others shaue all but the Mustachos and Crowne; they wash before worke, Prayer, and Meales; and haue a certayne Ceremonie to take water in the hollow of the hand, powring it to the elbow.

Here and in all the East they vse with Christians the Franke Tongue, composed of French, Ita∣lian, Spanish, and thereby vnderstand them all. They eate not bloud, or a beast killed by another man: and kill turning the head to the Sunne, and cutting the throate. No testament is auailable vnlesse acknowledged forty dayes before the Testators death before the Cadi. All the Sonnes and Daughters inherit equally; if they be Moores the King hath a childes part, and if all Daughters, he hath all of a Moore, and halfe of a Turke. When any is sicke, women assist women, and men [ 40] the men, praying Eastward; wash the dead Corps with hote water and Sope, clothe it and car∣rie it (hauing obtayned the Alcayds leaue) with the head forward to buriall: if hee depart on Friday, it stayeth the Prayer time in the Mesquit: they set a stone at the head of the Graue, and another at the feet with an Epitaph and Sentence out of the Alcoran. They weare no mourning, * 1.19 saue that the women are a few dayes veiled in blacke, and the men shaue not for a monethes space, and for three dayes space they haue no fire in their house, nor eate any thing boyled; in that space they visit the Sepulchre, giue Almes, and gathering stones on the shoare, tosse them from the right hand to the left, and throw them into the Graue, saying, Selan Ala. They begin * 1.20 the Spring on the fourteene of February, and end it on the eighteene of May; they call the raine which fals from Aprill the fiue and twentieth, to May the fift: blessed of God, and keepe it [ 50] religiously. Their Summer continues to August the sixteenth, and is very hote, and sometimes hath pestilent raines which kill thousands. Autumne to the sixteenth of Nouember, and Win∣ter is neuer so cold that they need a fire.

The Kings Reuenues are summed by Harega at foure hundred thousand Duckets, by Haedo foure hundred and fiftie thousand: and payeth nothing to the Turke, but a few Boyes and gifts of * 1.21 no value, with some feeling to the Port Bassas. Yet would his ••euenue be short of expences on Officers and otherwise, if spoile helped not. Much Gold is c••rryed out of Christendome, for re∣demption of slaues threescore thousand Duckets yearely, as much perhaps to buy spoyles, of which little or none returneth to Christendome, they taking to Sea, Bisket, Water, Tobacco, Oyle and Dates, and laughing at our Excesse. The treasure of the Duana is administred by three, [ 60] two of which haue beene Agas, the third is the Hoga or Secretary, who if the King payeth not the Ianizaries, by the authority of the Duana they will imprison him and sequester his Rents; as it lately hapned to Osain Bassa two yeares together.

The Sepulchre of Morabute Cid Butica, is saluted with a Peece going out and comming in,

by whose holy prayers they say, Charles preuayled not against them An. 1541. In a hill neere, lieth Caba the daughter of Earle Iulian which Rodericus King of Spaine rauished, reuenged by her wicked father, with treacherous bringing the Moores into Spaine. The Cids Sepulchres and Chappels are visited some on Munday, some on Thursday, or on Friday, by the deuout supersti∣tious fooles, specially (perhaps not-deuout) women. Algier is enuironed with goodly hills and dales, attended with plentie of fruits better then European. Three dayes iourney towards Bugia, is the Hill Couko, the King whereof Barbarossa slue An. 1515. and sometimes he is tribu∣tary, sometimes enclining to the Spaniard.

Algier were altogether vnworthy so long discourse, were not the vnworthinesse most wor∣thy our consideration, I meane the cruell abuse of the Christian name, which let vs for inciting our Zeale, and exciting our Charitie, and Thankfulnes more deeply weigh, to releeue those there [ 10] in miseries (as we may) with our paynes, prayers, purses, and all the best mediations. Thus writes he which saw and felt his part in those miseries. Barbarie and chiefly therein Algier, * 1.22 the whip of the Christan World, the wall of the Barbarian, terror of Europe, the bridle of both Hesperias (Italy and Spaine) Scourge of the Ilands, Den of Pyrates, Theatre of all crueltie, and Sanctuarie of Iniquitie, holdeth captiue in miserable seruitude, one hundred and twentie thou∣sand Christians, almost all subjects of the King of Spaine: of which, partly by the Turkes riches, the Pyrates fortunes, the Ianisaries honors, their fellowes flatteries seduced; partly ouercome with despaire of libertie and irksomnesse of daily calamities, euery yeere aboue fiue hundred be∣come Mahumetan Apostataes; besides, about fiftie Boyes yeerly circumcised against their wills. To the Redemption of Captiues by the Orders of the Trinitie, and of Saint Marie de Mercede [ 20] in Spaine and Italy, are yeerly gathered about one hundred and fiftie thousand Duckets. There is no generall * 1.23 ordinarie course for Redemption of Captiues of England, France, Poland, Hunga∣rie, Germanie, and the Low Countries; whereby men of those parts vtterly disconsolate, to the losse and shame of Christians, Apostatise. And to stirre vp compassion, behold Algier captiuitie, represented from his eyes to ours.

First, if any Ship comes into their hands, it is with huge clamors presently inuaded by the Pyrates, and if it be an Enemie, spoyled; if Confederate, they take away their Armes, fill the Poope and strongest Places with Souldiers, search the lading, take meat and drinke as it were fee, send the Gouernours aboard their owne ship, and in a Pyratical counsell examine them, whether they haue any Spanish Wares or Men; nor content with words or letters, they force the Boyes [ 30] and elder Persons by infinite beatings to confesse that which is not, and to promise what they haue not; and one mans confession is enough to make prey. Sometimes gaping after the ships wealth, they throw the men ouer-board, and so possesse the ship, saying, her men had forsaken her. Otherwhiles not satisfied with Truncheons, and Ropes to haue tortured the Wretches backs, binding their hands and feet, they draw them vp and whip them, almost strayne out their braynes with a knotty Rope plucked about the head, thrust Needles in their fingers, rost their feet wich the shooes on at the fire, powre forceably salt water into their mouthes to fill the bo∣dy, and then treading on the belly with their feet, force them to belch it vp; with smoke of Brimstone fill the mouth and eyes, hang them vp racked with weights at their feet, or with a [ 40] Rope draw them thorow the Sea vnder the ship. The end of these torments is captiuitie, if there be any Enemie in the ship, and hee laden with Irons and Fetters, is thrust into the worst part of the ship, and scarsly hath moldy Bisket and Water to sustayne life. If they receiue not sa∣tisfaction touching the Men and Wares, they reiterate the tortures daily; Boyes are flattered and threatned, and often compelled to turne,, and without delay presently are circumcised. And such is the course with them which they take in the Shoare and Ilands, chayned together or heapes, and thrust vp like Herrings in the bottome of the ship, to be kept for the Butcherie or Market.

When they come home to the Hauen, with infinite scoffings, the wretches are led foorth in triumph, and three dayes set * 1.24 to sale, and lastly sold to him which will giue most. If any bee Sea-sicke, or otherwise wounded, or ill at ease, for bemonings and medicines hee heareth blas∣phemies and reuilings; and sooner would a Turke releeue a Dogge that is sicke, then a Christian: [ 50] and if his sicknesse continue, without hope of recouerie, they throw him into the Sea, or by Land expose him to the Beasts. In the Market you may see them goe vp and downe naked, and with whips compelled to runne or leape, for augmenting the price. After that three dayes en∣ded, may be seene a miserable spectacle, Infants and Children plucked from their Parents sight, the Husbands violently diuorced from their Wiues, Friends separated, with infinite howlings and lamentations: some sold to Moores to doe their drudgeries, and vsually agree with them by the day to earne so much; some sold to the Numidians and Arabians to basest seruitude, greased with fat, made to draw the plow with Asses, drawing forth with back and belly beating a mise∣rable life; some employed to the Gallies and Ships, there kept with chaynes, stripes, a little moldy Bisket and stinking Water: When they come on shoare, chayned in rewes, laid vp in pri∣sons, [ 60] sleeping on the ground, called onely Dogs. If winde fayle, or crosse them, they will ap∣pease it with branding crosses on the Christians feet, in detestation of the Christian name; some∣times they will burne Arabike Characters on the cheekes, or cut off the Nose and Eares; and

sometimes death is inflicted for slight suspicions. Except of basest labours, reuilings, stripes, injuries, they are in nothing liberall to them, in sleepe, meate, drinke, clothing more then pe∣nurious. When they carry dung to their Gardens, water from the Springs, and goe by the way, euery third word they must crie, Balec sidi, that is, Out of the way, or by your leaue, Sir, to euery Barbarian, or there he shall meet with new Deuils, by spittings, stones, staues, boxes, thrustings, throwings downe, scornes, tormented. If a Christian commits a small fault, he is burned aliue, or stamped in the earth * 1.25 as in a Mortar, or gaunched (throwne from the wall on a hooke) or crucified, or flayed aliue: to the execution of which tortures they take vp any Christian they meet, to make them their brethrens tormentors; nor doe any performe baser offices but Christi∣ans. Now for the Sodomiticall lusts to Boyes, and their damnable seruices, and sending them for Presents to the Turke or his Bassas, I abhorre to mention. [ 10]

If any Master be milde and gentle, he incurreth suspicion of fauouring the Christians, a most odious crime in Mahometisme; whereas to breake couenant with Christians, yea leagues (vpon aduantage) is Mahumetan. They cast their Country-men Embassadors of Tunes into bands a∣gainst publike faith, the French Consuls into prison many moneths condemned them to the Gallies, beat them with fiue hundred stripes, and burnt them aliue: they imprisoned many yeeres in a lothsome prison the Spanish Redeemers, and reduced to slauery one hundred and fortie redeemed by one of them. They suborne f••lse witnesses to testifie a man is otherwise then hee speaks, making a Souldier a Captaine, a Mercenarie a Merchant, to heighten the price. And when the price is agreed on, they will vpon hope of more gayne flee from it. Modestie forbids [ 20] to speake of the Female sexe abused to naturall, to vnnaturall lusts, their children soone cir∣cumcised, their infancy trayned vp in Turkish blasphemie, their childhood in lusts passiue, and youth in actiue, their riper age rotten in all damnations.

Thus wee maruell not that in ten yeeres past, the vpper and lower Germanie haue yeelded * 1.26 857. Apostates, besides 300. English, Hamburgers 138. Danes and Easterlings 160. Poles, Hungarians and Muscouites 250. Low Country men 130. besides French and others. Take it into your mercifull consideration, Kings and Princes, Magistrates and People, and helpe, Helpe the Lord against the mightie.

If a circumcised man would returne to Christ, and is thereof conuicted, hee is carried about oynted, naked, and proclamation made before him, chayned after to a poste and burned, often [ 30] beaten or dismembred first. Delinquents at Sea, are shot, dismembred, pulled apeeces by diuers ships going diuers wayes, to which they are tyed, set vpon the mouthes of the Ordnance, cut in peeces; to be sewed vp in Sacks and throwne into the Sea, is a fauour. To lay hand on a Ia∣••isarie, imitate his habit in wearing a fringe on the necke, or to haue to doe with a Mahumetan Woman, is death: though this last bee negligently executed, all Lust, Sodomie and Adulterie being expiated in their Bathes, which are therefore so frequented. Of these, of other kindes of terrible executions our Author hath diuers examples, which I for t••di••••snesse forbeare: God make vs thankefull for our selues, charitable to our Brethren.

An. 1607. three Townes in Calabria were spoyled by the Algier Pyrates, one thousand and foure hundred carried away captiues: An. 1608, they brought two and fortie ships to Algier, [ 40] and eight hundred and sixtie captiues, besides those which they sold elsewhere: the next yeere six and thirtie ships, men six hundred thirtie and two: the next, twentie three ships, three hun∣dred and eightie foure men: the yeere 1611. twentie ships, men foure hundred and sixtie foure. 1612. they entred Spaine, and carried away three thousand eight hundred and foure, in one mo∣neth. 1613. they tooke sixteene ships and two hundred and thirtie men of Italy onely. 1614. ships thirtie fiue, captiues foure hundred and sixtie seuen. 1616. ships thirtie foure, men seuen hundred sixtie seuen. 1617. six and twentie ships, men one thousand seuen hundred sixtie three; out of Porto Santo six hundred sixtie and three. 1618. nineteene ships, men one thousand foure hundred sixtie and eight, robbing Lancerotta and Cays. (And since mens deficit, vox silet: O our English Ships and Mariners! Curae leues loquuntur, ingentes stupent.) As for our Author, a Prouost [ 50] Deane, Archdeacon, Counsellor to the Archdukes, and the Popes Protonotarie, hee was taken in a ship of Marsiles, notwithstanding the peace and league, and therefore without fight the ninth of May 1619. and both aboard and on shoare felt his part of the premisses for six moneths space, informing himselfe further from others miserable experience. Two Boyes were forced to confesse lyes, a Portugall condemned to three hundred blowes to make him confesse; himselfe charged to be Spaniard, threatned to be taught to speake Spanish; then said to bee a Iew, robbed of his clothes vnder colour of search whether he were circumcised, at last they detayning some, sent the ship to Algier, where hoping better things, they will needs haue Gramay a Spaniard and imprison him; after that, they affirme him a Knight of Malta. After that, the detayned Portugall is brought, who by tortures forced made a false confession, that some of the goods were his, and that Gramay was a Bishop, and had brought with him a Knight of Malta and a Spaniard; [ 60] and he therefore with blowes and hard vsage almost killed, his meate eaten vp by the Bringers; he at last bribed the Keeper to let him come into the light, and haue Paper and Inke to write to the Consul, so that at a deare rate he obtayned vpon caution of fortie thousand Duckets, to goe

to the Consuls house. Some of the prisoners lay in Ditches in Water vp to the middle, and o∣therwise vsed as before is spoken.

He hath written a Diarie of occurrences whiles he was at Algier, out of which a word of two. In Iune Cid Bud a Morabute, at noone day before the Church, buggered a Mule, all ap∣plauding it, and crying out that it might be luckie, which often at other times wee haue signed to see in Boyes. In the end of August. On the eight a ship of Spaine laden with Sugars, and for∣tie Captiues, was brought in. Iohn Peers a Belgian Boy refusing to turne Turke, was beaten by Mami his Master till he dyed. And two Spanish ships more brought in from the sight of Lisbon. In Iuly Letters came in my behalfe from Marsiles, but they would not read them: A Holland ship was taken and a French. In August two pledges of the Catholike King taken in Cuko (whose King was lately dead) after other villanies, were condemned, one flayed aliue, the flesh cut at [ 10] the small of the leg first, and blowne, and so flayed all off, and the bodie lying on the ground, the skin stuffed with haire, sewed vp, and layd on the backe of a Christian which they met, and carried in pompe thorow the Towne, and set on the gate; the other was tyed to the Crosse by the middle, and with foure nailes thorow his hands and feet, crucified naked (saue his priui∣ties) and liued till the euening the next day. Seuenty and two Captiues were brought out of Gallicia. Two Holland ships complayned of breach of League, the men of one of their ships, and three French cast into the Sea. But I am loth to drowne or torture the Reader any longer in these Tragicall spectacles; of takings, spoylings, sellings, killings which follow in our Authour. I will recreate you with more pleasing spectacles from English eyes, and send you home in an English bottome. [ 20]

Notes

• * 1.1

  Africae Illustra∣tae libri 10.
• * 1.2

  Christianitie of Barbarie.
• * 1.3

  Numbers of Christians and Iewes in a part of Barbary.
• * 1.4

  One sent thither in dis∣pleasure from Constantinople.
• * 1.5

  Pitifull Chri∣stianitie. Iol seat of Iuba. Antiquities of Argier.
• * 1.6

  Sarsella.
• * 1.7

  Lib. 6. c. 4.
• * 1.8

  Description of Argier taken, out of Gra∣mayes large Tractate, l. 7.
• * 1.9

  Their were said to come 60000 Moores at their last eiection to Algier from Spaine.
• * 1.10

  13000, houses.
• * 1.11

  35000. Chri∣stian Slaues.
• * 1.12

  Moores free∣men.
• * 1.13

  And Foreners. Mountayne of Couko and La∣besan, which are pettie Kingdomes. Those Moores Azuages haue crosses marked in their hands.
• * 1.14

  Two Mufties-Moore and a Turke.
• * 1.15

  Iewes Officers. The Aga.
• * 1.16

  Opinions foo∣lish and Deuil∣lish in Aigier.
• * 1.17

  Mahumean Al∣gier finnes. Fie on it.
• * 1.18

  Of this diui∣ning by Books and Arrowes, a White for the Turke, a Black for the Chri∣stian, see sup. pag. 892.
• * 1.19

  Funerals.
• * 1.20

  Mourning.
• * 1.21

  The treasure.
• * 1.22

  Epithets of Algier.
• * 1.23

  The Author saith, Nullus per eleem••sinam ereptus est, but we know by priuate friends by publike me∣diation of Em∣bassadors, by collection in Churches, di∣uers English men are redee∣med: but not in the sense he speakes: which yet were to be wished; or that Hell-centre to be by publike charge of chri∣stendome de∣molished. Tortures of friends to force from feare a con∣fession of what is not.
• * 1.24

  The price set on them, see sup. 890.
• * 1.25

  Set in the earth to the neck, and then stoned: the ganched hang on the hooke diuers dayes till they take them downe and stone them.
• * 1.26

  1609. to 1619. since they haue beene much worse, specially to English.