Purchas his pilgrimes. part 2 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. VII.

Extracts taken out of IOHN LEO his seuenth Booke of the Historie of Africa, wherein he intreateth of the Land of Negros, and of [ 50] the Confines of Egypt.

OVr ancient Chroniclers of Africa, to wit, Bichri and Meshudi, knew nothing in the * 1.1 Land of Negros, but onely the Regions of Guechet and Cano: for in their time all o∣ther places of the Land of Negros were vndiscouered. But in the yeere of the Hegeira three hundred and eightie, by the meanes of a certaine Mahumetan which came into Barbarie, the residue of the said Land was found out, beeing as then inhabited by great numbers of people, which liued a brutish and sauage life, without any King, Gouernour, Common-wealth, or knowledge of Husbandry. Clad they were in skinnes of beasts, neither [ 60] had they any peculiar wiues: in the day time they kept their Cattell; and when night came * 1.2 they resorted ten or twelue, both men and women into one Cottage together, vsing hayrie skinnes in stead of beds, and each man choosing his Leman which hee had most fancie vnto. Warre they wage against no other Nation, nor yet are desirous to trauell out of their owne

Countrey. Some of them performe great adoration vnto the Sunne-rising: others, namely the people of Gualata, worship the fire: and some others, to wit, the Inhabitants of Gaoga, ap∣proach (after the Egyptians manner) neerer vnto the Christian Faith. These Negros were * 1.3 first subiect vnto King Ioseph the Founder of Maroco, and afterward vnto the fiue Nations of Libya; of whom they learned the Mahumetan Law, and diuers needfull handi-crafts: a while after when the Merchants of Barbarie began to resort vnto them with Merchandize, they lear∣ned the Barbarian language also. But the foresaid fiue People or Nations of Libya diuided this land so among themselues, that euery third part of each Nation possessed one Region. Howbe∣it, the King of Tombuto that now raigneth, called Abuacre Izchia, is a Negro by birth: this * 1.4 Abuacre after the decease of the former King, who was a Lybyan borne, slue all his sonnes, and so [ 10] vsurped the Kingdome. And hauing by warres for the space of fifteene yeere conquered ma∣ny large Dominions, hee then concluded a league with all Nations, and went on Pilgrimage to Mecca, in which Iourney hee so consumed his Treasure, that he was constrained to borrow * 1.5 great summes of money of other Princes. Moreouer, the fifteene Kingdomes of the land of Negros knowen to vs, are all situate vpon the Riuer of Niger, and vpon other Riuers which fall therinto. And all the land of Negros standeth betweene two vast Desarts, for on the one side ly∣eth * 1.6 the maine Desart betweene Numidia and it, which extendeth it selfe vnto this very land: and the South side thereof adioyneth vpon another Desart, which stretcheth from thence to the maine Ocean: in which Desart are infinite Nations vnknowen to vs, both by reason of the huge distance of place, and also in regard of the diuersitie of Languages and Religions. They haue no [ 20] traff que at all with our people, but we haue heard oftentimes of their traff••que with the Inha∣bitants of the Ocean Sea shoare.

The Region of Gualata in regard of others is very small: for it containeth onely three great * 1.7 Villages, with certaine Granges and fields of Dates. From Nun it is distant Southward about three hundred, from Tombuto Northward fiue hundred, and from the Ocean Sea about two hun∣dred miles. In this Region the people of Libya, while they were Lords of the land of Negros, ordained their chiefe Princely seate: and then great store of Barbarie Merchants frequented Gualata: but afterward in the Raigne of the Mightie and rich Prince Heli, the said Merchants leauing Gualata, began to resort vnto Tombuto and Gago, which was the occasion that the Re∣gion of Gualata grew extreme beggerly. The language of this Region is called Sungai, and the [ 30] Inhabitants are blacke people, and most friendly vnto strangers. In my time this Region was conquered by the King of Tombuto, and the Prince thereof fled into the Desarts, whereof the King of Tombuto hauing intelligence, and fearing least the Prince would returne with all the people of the Desarts, graunted him peace, conditionally that he should pay a great yeerely Tri∣bute vnto him, and so the said Prince hath remained Tributarie to the King of Tombuto vntill this present. The people agree in manners and fashions with the Inhabitants of the next De∣sart. Heere groweth some quantity of Mil-seed, and great store of a round and white kinde of pulse, the like whereof I neuer saw in Europe; but flesh is extreme scarce among them. Both the * 1.8 men and the women doe so couer their heads, that all their countenance is almost hidden. Heere is no forme of a Common-wealth, nor yet any Gouernours or Iudges, but the people lead a most [ 40] miserable life.

The Kingdome called by the Merchants of our Nation Gheneoa, by the naturall Inhabitants thereof Genni, and by the Portugals and other people of Europe Ghinea, standeth in the midst betweene Gualata on the North, Tombuto on the East, and the Kingdome of Melli on the South. In length it containeth almost fiue hundred miles, and extended two hundred and fifty miles along the Riuer of Niger, and bordereth vpon the Ocean Sea in the same place, where Ni∣ger falleth into the said Sea. This place exceedingly aboundeth with Barley, Rice, Cattell, Fi∣shes, and Cotten: and their Cotten they sell vnto the Merchants of Barbarie, for cloth of Eu∣rope, for Brazen vessels, for Armour, and other such commodities. Their Coine is of Gold without any stampe or inscription at all: they haue certaine Iron-money also, which they vse about matters of small value, some peeces whereof weigh a pound, some halfe a pound, and [ 50] some one quarter of a pound. In all this Kingdome there is no fruit to be found but only Dates, which are brought hither either out of Gualata or Numidia. Heere is neither Towne nor Ca∣stle, but a certaine great Village onely, wherein the Prince of Ghinea, together with his Priests, Doctors, Merchants, and all the principall men of the Region inhabite. The walles of their houses are built of Chalke, and the roofes are couered with Strawe: the Inhabitants are clad in blacke or blew Cotten, wherewith they couer their heads also: but the Priests and Do∣ctors * 1.9 of their Law goe apparelled in white Cotten. This Region during the three moneths of Iuly, August, and September, is yeerely enuironed with the ouerflowings of Niger in manner of an Iland; all which time the Merchants of Tombuto conueigh their Merchandize hither in certaine Canoas or narrow Boats made of one tree, which they rowe all the day long, but at [ 60] night they binde them to the shoare, and lodge themselues vpon the land. This Kingdome was * 1.10 subiect in times past vnto a certaine people of Libya, and became afterward Tributarie vnto King Soni Heli, after whom succeeded Soni Heli Izchia, who kept the Prince of this Region pri∣soner

at Gago, where together with a certaine Nobleman, he miserably died.

The Region of Melli extending it selfe almost three hundred miles along the side of a Riuer * 1.11 which falleth into Niger, bordereth Northward vpon the Region last described, Southward vp∣on certaine Desarts and drie Mountaines, Westward, vpon huge Woods and Forrests, stretching to the Ocean Sea shoare, And Eastward vpon the Territorie of Gago. In this Kingdome there is a large and ample Village containing to the number of sixe thousand or moe Families, and called Melli, whereof the whole Kingdome is so named. And heere the King hath his place of Residence. The Region it selfe yeeldeth great abundance of Corne, Flesh, and Cotton. Heere are many Artificers and Merchants in all places: and yet the King honorably entertai∣neth all strangers. The Inhabitants are rich, and haue plenty of wares. Heere are great store of [ 10] Temples, Priests, and Professors, which Professors read their Lectures onely in the Temples, * 1.12 because they haue no Colledges at all. The people of this Region excell all other Negros in wit, ciuility, and industry; and were the first that embraced the Law of Mahumet, at the same time when the Vncle of Ioseph the King of Maroco was their Prince, and the Gouernment re∣mained for a while vnto his posteritie: at length Izchia subdued the Prince of this Region, and made him his Tributarie, and so oppressed him with grieuous exactions, that he was scarce able * 1.13 to maintaine his Family.

Tombuto is so called of a certaine Towne so called, which (they say) King Mense Suleiman founded in the yeere of the Hegeira 610. and it is situate within twelue miles of a certaine branch of Niger, all the houses whereof are now changed into Cottages built of Chalke, and [ 20] couered with Thatch. Howbeit, there is a most stately Temple to be seene, the walles where∣of are made of stone and lime; and a Princely, Palace also built by a most excellent workeman of Granada. Heere are many shops of Artificers, and Merchants, and especially of such as weaue Linnen or Cotten cloth. And hither doe the Barbarie Merchants bring cloth of Europe. All the women of this Region except Maid-seruants goe with their faces couered, and sell all ne∣cessary victuals. The Inhabitants, and especially strangers there residing, are exceeding rich, in∣som••ch, that the King that * 1.14 now is, married both his daughters vnto two rich Merchants. Heere are many welles, containing most sweet water; and so often as the Riuer Niger ouer∣floweth, they conueigh the water thereof by certaine sluces into the Towne. Corne, Cattell, Milke, and Butter, this Region yeeldeth in great abundance: but salt is very scarce heere; for it [ 30] is brought hither by land from Tegaza, which is fiue hundred miles distant. When I my selfe was heere, I saw one Camels load of Salt sold for eightie Duckats. The rich King of Tombuto hath many Plates and Scepters of Gold, some whereof weigh one thousand and three hundred pounds: and he keepes a magnificent and well furnished Court. When he trauelleth any whi∣ther he rideth vpon a Camell, which is lead by some of his Noblemen; and so he doth likewise when hee goeth to warfare, and all his Souldiers ride vpon Horses. Whosoeuer will speake vnto this King must first fall downe before his feet, and then taking vp earth, must sprinkle it vpon his owne head and shoulders: which custome is ordinarily obserued by them that neuer saluted the King before, or come as Ambassadours from other Princes. He hath alwayes three thousand Horsemen, and a great number of footmen that shoot poysoned arrowes, attending [ 40] vpon him. He so ••ea••ly hateth all Iewes, that he will not admit any into his Citie: and what∣soeuer Barbarie Merchants he vnderstandeth to haue any dealings with the Iewes, he presently causeth their goods to be confiscate. Heere are great store of Doctors, Iudges, Priests, and other learned men, that are bountifully maintained at the Kings cost and charges. And hither are brought diuers Manuscripts or written Bookes out of Barbarie, which are sold for more money then any oth••r Merchandize. The Coine of Tombuto is of Gold without any stampe or super∣scription: but in matters of small value they vse certaine shels brought hither out of the King∣dome of Persia, foure hundred of which shels are woorth a Duckat: and sixe peeces of their Golden Coine with two third parts weigh an ounce. The Inhabitants are people of a gentle and cheerefull disposition, and spend a great part of the night in singing and dancing through [ 50] all the streets of the Citie: they keepe great store of men and women-slaues, and their Towne is much in danger of fire: at my second being there halfe the Towne almost was burnt in fiue houres space. Without the Suburbs there are no Gardens nor Orchards at all.

Cabra a large Towne built without walles in manner of a Village, standeth about twelue * 1.15 miles from Tombuto vpon the Riuer Niger: and heere such Merchants as trauell vnto the King∣domes of Ghinea and Melli embarke themselues. Neither are the people or buildings of this Towne any whit inferiour to the people and buildings of Tombuto: and hither the Negros re∣sort in great numbers by water. In this Towne the King of Tombuto appointeth a Iudge to de∣cide all controuersies: for it was tedious to goe thither so oft as need should require. I my selfe am acq••ainted with Abu Bacr, sirnamed Pargama, the Kings Brother, who is blacke in colour, but most beautifull in mind and conditions. Heere breed many diseases which exceedingly di∣minish [ 60] the people; that by reason of the fond and loathsome mixture of their meates; for they mingle Fish, Milke, Butter, and Flesh altogether. And this is the ordinary food also in Tom∣buto.

The great Towne of Gago being vnwalled also, is distant Southward of Tombuto almost foure * 1.16 hundred miles, and enclineth somewhat to the South-East. The houses thereof are but meane, except those wherein the King and his Courtiers remaine. Here are exceeding rich Merchants: and hither continually resort great store of Negros, which buy Cloath here brought out of Bar∣barie and Europe. This Towne aboundeth with Corne and Flesh, but is much destitute of Wine, Trees, and Fruites. Howbeit, here is plenty of Melons, Citrons, and Rice: here are many Wells also containing most sweet and wholsome water. Here is likewise a certaine place where slaues are to be sold, especially vpon such dayes as the Merchants vse to assemble; and a young slaue of fifteene yeares age is sold for sixe Duckats, and so are children sold also. The King of this Regi∣on hath a certaine priuate Palace, wherein hee maintaineth a great number of Coucubines and Slaues, which are kept by Eunuches: and for the guard of his owne person, he keepeth a suffici∣ent [ 10] troope of Horsemen and Footmen. Betweene the first Gate of the Palace and the inner part thereof, there is a place walled round about, wherein the King himselfe decideth all his subiects controuersies: and albeit, the King be in this function most diligent, and performeth all things thereto appertaining, yet hath he about him his Counsellors, and other Officers; as namely, his Secretaries, Treasurers, Factors, and Auditors. It is a wonder to see what plenty of Merchan∣dize is daily brought hither, and how costly and sumptuous all things be. Horses bought in Eu∣rope for ten Duckats, are here sold againe for forty, and sometimes for fifty Duckats a piece. There is not any Cloath of Europe so course, which will not here be sold for foure Ducats an ell; * 1.17 and if it be any thing fine, they will giue fifteene Duckats for an ell: and an ell of the Scarlet of Venice, or of Turkie Cloath is here worth thirty Duckats. A Sword is here valued at three or * 1.18 [ 20] foure Crownes, and so likewise are Spurs, Bridles, with other like commodities; and Spices al∣so are sold at an high rate: but of all other commodities, Salt is most extremely deare. The residue * 1.19 of this Kingdome containeth nought but Villages and Hamlets inhabited by Husbandmen and Shepheards, who in Winter couer their bodies with beasts skins; but in Summer they goe all naked saue their priuie members: and sometimes they weare vpon their feete certaine shooes made of Camels Leather. They are ignorant and rude people, and you shall scarce find one lear∣ned man in the space of an hundred miles. They are continually burthened with grieuous ex∣actions, so that they haue scarce any thing remaining to liue vpon.

Guber standeth Eastward of the Kingdom of Gago almost three hundred miles; between which * 1.20 two Kingdomes lieth a vast Desart, being much destitute of water, for it is about forty miles [ 30] distant from Niger. The Kingdome of Guber is enuironed with high Mountaines, and contai∣neth many Villages inhabited by Shepheards, and other Heardsmen. Abundance of Cattell here are both great and small: but of a lower stature then the Cattell in other places. At the inunda∣tion of Niger all the fields of this Region are ouerflowed, and then the inhabitants cast their seed * 1.21 into the water onely. In this Region there is a certaine great Village containing almost sixe thousand Families, being inhabited with all kind of Merchants; and here was in times past the Court of a certaine King, who in my time was slaine by Izchia the King of Tombuto, and his sonnes were g••lt, and accounted among the number of the Kings Eunuchs.

He which pleaseth the inhabitants of the Desart best, is sure to be King of Agadez. The re∣sidue of this Kingdome lying Southward is inhabited by Shepheards and Heardsmen, who dwel [ 40] in certaine Cottages made of boughes, which cottages they carrie about vpon Oxen from place to place. They erect their Cottages alwaies in the same field where they determine to feede their cattell; like as the Arabians also doe.

The great Prouince of Cano standeth Eastward of the Riuer Niger almost fiue hundred miles. * 1.22 The greatest part of the inhabitants dwelling in Villages are some of them Heardsmen, and others Husbandmen. Here groweth abundance of Corne, of Rice, and of Cotton. Also here are many Desarts and wild woodie Mountaines containing many Springs of water. In these Woods grow plenty of wild Citrons and Lemons, which differ not much in taste from the best of all. In the midst of this Prouince standeth a Towne called by the same name, the walles and houses whereof are built for the most part of a kind of Chalke, The inhabitants are rich Merchants, and [ 50] most ciuill people. Their King was in times past of great puissance, and had mighty troopes of Horsemen at his command; but he hath since been constrained to pay tribute vnto the Kings of Zegzeg and Casena. Afterward, Ischia the King of Tombuto faining friendship vnto the two * 1.23 foresaid Kings treacherously slew them both. And then hee waged warre against the King of Cano, whom after a long siedge he took, and compelled him to marrie one of his daughters, resto∣ring him againe to his Kingdome, conditionally that he should pay vnto him the third part of all his tribute: and the said King of Tombuto hath some of his Courtiers perpetually residing at Cano for the receit thereof.

Casena bordering Eastward vpon the Kingdome last described, is full of Mountaines, and drie fields, which yeeld notwithstanding great store of Barlie and Mill-seed. The inhabitants are all [ 60] extremely blacke, hauing great noses and blabber lips. They dwell in most forlorne and base Cottages: neither shall you find any of their Villages containing aboue three hundred Families. And besides, their base estate they are mightily oppressed with famine: a King they had in

times past whom the foresaid Ischia slew, since whose death they haue all beene tributarie vn∣to * 1.24 Ischia.

The South-east part of Zegzeg bordereth vpon Cano, and it is distant from Casena almost an * 1.25 hundred and fiftie miles. The inhabitants are rich, and haue great traffique vnto other Nations. Some part of this Kingdome is plaine, and the residue Mountainous, but the Mountaines are ex∣tremely colde, and the Plaines intollerably hot. And because they can hardly indure the sharpe∣nesse of Winter, they kindle great fires in the midst of their houses, laying the coles thereof vnder their high bedsteads, and so betaking themselues to sleepe. Their fields abounding with water, are exceeding fruitfull, and their houses are built like the houses of the Kingdome of Ca∣sena. They had a King of their owne in times past, who being slaine by Ischia (as is aforesaid) [ 10] they haue euer since beene subiect vnto the said Ischia. * 1.26

The Region of Zanfara bordering Eastward vpon Zegzeg, is inhabited by most base and Ru∣sticall people. Their fields abound with Rice, Mill, and Cotton. The Inhabitants are tall in sta∣ture * 1.27 and extremely blacke, their visages are broade, and their dispositions most saluage and bru∣tish. Their King also was slaine by Ischia, and themselues made tributarie.

These Kingdomes of Guangara adioyneth South-easterly vpon Zanfara. Southward there∣of lyeth a Region greatly abounding with gold. But now they can haue no traffique with for∣ren Nations, for they are molested on both sides with most cruell enemies. For Westward they are opposed by Ischia, and Eastward, by the King of Borno. When I my selfe was in Borno, King Abraham hauing leuied an huge Armie, determined to expell the Prince of Guangara out [ 20] of his Kingdome, had hee not been hindred by Homar the Prince of Gaoga, which beganne to assaile the Kingdome of Borno. Wherefore the King of Borno being drawne home into his owne Countrey, was enforced to giue ouer the conquest of Guangara. So often as the Mer∣chants of Guangara traue••l into the foresaid Region abounding with gold, because the wayes are so rough and difficult that their Camels cannot goe vpon them, they carry their wares vpon slaues backes; who being laden with great burthens, doe vsually trauell ten or twelue ••iles a day. Yea, some I saw that made two of those iournies in one day: a wonder it is to see what heauy burthens these poore slaues are charged withall; for besides the Merchandize, they carry victuals also for their Masters, and for the Souldiers that goe to guard them.

The large Prouince of Borno, bordering Westward vpon the Prouince of Guangara, and from * 1.28 thence extending Eastward fiue hundred miles, is distant from the Fountaine of Niger almost [ 30] an hundred and fiftie miles, the South part whereof adioyning vnto the Desart of Set, and the North part vnto that Desart which lyeth towards Barca. The Inhabitants, in Summer goe all naked saue their priuie members which they couer with a peece of leather: but all Winter they are clad in skinnes, and haue beds of skinnes also. They embrace no Religion at all, being nei∣ther Christians, Mahumetans, nor Iewes, nor of any other Profession, but liuing after a brutish manner, and hauing wiues and children in common: and (as I vnderstood of a certaine Merchant that abode a long time among them) they haue no proper names at all, but euery one is nick∣named according to his length, his fatnesse, or some other qualitie. They haue a most puissant Prince, being lineally descended from the Libyan people called Bardoa. He is at perpetuall en∣mitie with a certaine people inhabiting beyond the Desart of Seu; who in times past, mar∣ching [ 40] with an huge army of footemen ouer the said Desart, wasted a great part of the King∣dome of Borno. Whereupon the King of Borno sent for the Merchants of Barbarie, and willed them to bring him great store of Horses: for in this Countrey they vse to exchange Horses for slaues, and to giue fifteene, and sometimes twen••y slaues for one horse. And by this meanes there were abundance of horses brought: howbeit, the Merchants were constrained to stay for their slaues till the King returned home conquerour with a great number of Captiues, and satisfied his creditors for their Horses. The King seemeth to be maruellous rich; for his Spurres, his bridles, platters, dishes, pots, and other vessels wherein his meate and drinke are brought to the table, are all of pure gold: yea, and the chaines of his Dogs and Houndes are of gold also. Howbeit, this King is extremely couetous, for he had much rather pay his debts in slaues then [ 50] in gold.

Gaoga bordering Westward vpon the Kingdome of Borno, and extending Eastward to the Confines of Nubia, adioyneth Southward vnto a certaine Desart, situate vpon a crooked and winding part of Nilus, and is enclosed Northward with the frontiers of Aegypt. It stretcheth from East to West, in length fiue hundred miles, and as much in breadth. They haue neither humanitie nor learning among them, but are most rusticall and sauage people, and especially those that inhabite the Mountaines, who goe all naked sauing their priuities: Their houses are made of boughes and rafts, and are much subiect to burning, and they haue great abundance of Cat∣tell, whereunto they giue diligent attendance. This Prince greatly honoreth all learned men, [ 60] and especially such as are of the linage of Mahumet. I my selfe being in his Court, a certaine Noble-man of Damiata brought him very rich and royall gifts; as namely, a gallant Horse, a Turkish Sword, and a Kingly robe, with certaine other particulars, that cost about an hundred and fiftie Duckats at Cairo: in recompence whereof, the King gaue him fiue slaues, fiue Camels,

fiue hundred Ducats of that Region, and an hundred Elephants teeth of wonderfull bignesse. Nubia bordering Westward vpon the Kingdome last described, and stretching from thence vn∣to * 1.29 Nilus, is enclosed on the South-side with the Desart of Goran, and on the North-side with the Confines of Egypt. Howbeit they cannot passe by water from this Kingdome into Egypt▪ for the Riuer of Nilus is in some places no deeper then a man may wade ouer on foot. The principall Towne of this Kingdome called Dangala, is exceeding populous, and contayneth to the number of ten thousand Families. The Kingdome of Nubia is most rich in Corne and Su∣gar, which notwithstanding they know not how to vse. Also in the Citie of Dangala there is great plentie of Ciuet and Sandal-wood. This Region aboundeth with Iuory likewise, because heere are so many Elephants taken. Heere is also a most strong and deadly poyson, one graine [ 10] whereof being diuided amongst ten persons, will kill them all within lesse then a quarter of an houre: but if one man taketh a grain, he dyeth thereof out of hand. An ounce of this Poyson is sold for an hundred Duckats; neyther may it be sold to any but to forraine Merchants, and whosoeuer buyeth it is bound by an Oath not to vse it in the Kingdome of Nubia. All such as buy of this Poyson are constrayned to pay as much vnto the King, as to the Merchant: bu•• if any man selleth Poyson without the Princes knowledge, he is presently put to death. The peo∣ple themselues are called Bugiha, and are most base and miserable, and liue onely vpon Milke, * 1.30 Camels flesh, and the flesh of such beasts as are taken in those Desarts. Some times they receiue Tribute of the Gouernour of Suachen, and sometimes of the Gouernours of Dangala. They had once a rich Towne situate vpon the Red Sea called Zibid, whereunto belonged a commodious Hauen, being opposite vnto the Hauen of Zidem, which is fortie miles distant from Mecca. But an hundred yeares since it was destroyed by the Soldan, because the Inhabitants receiued certaine [ 20] Wares which should haue beene carried to Mecca, and at the sametime the famous Port of Zibid was destroyed, from whence notwithstanding was gathered a great yeerely Tribute.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Bichri and Meshudi.
• * 1.2

  Negro, Barba∣rian Sauages. Religion.
• * 1.3

  The Negros subiect vnto Ioseph King of Maroco.
• * 1.4

  Abuacre Izchia.
• * 1.5

  Mecca.
• * 1.6

  Niger.
• * 1.7

  A description of the King∣dome of Gua∣lata.
• * 1.8

  This round & white pulse is called Maiz in the West Indies. A description of the King∣dome of Ghi∣nea. We extend the Countrey of Guinnie fur∣ther, by apply∣ing the name knowen to the remot: Regi∣gions vn∣knowen. The naturall commodities of Ghinea.
• * 1.9

  Priests, & Do∣ctors clothed in white.
• * 1.10

  The Prince of Guinea kept prisoner by Izchia.
• * 1.11

  The Kingdom of Melli.
• * 1.12

  Pro••essors.
• * 1.13

  The Prince of Melli subdued by Izch••a. The Kingdom o•• Tombuto. Tombuto was conquered by ths King of Ma oco 1589. from whence he had for yeerely Tri∣bute mighty sums of mo∣ney. But the ciu••l w••rs haue altered that state since.
• * 1.14

  1526. The King of Tombu••o his daughters mar∣ried vnto two rich merchants Great scarcity of salt in Tom∣buto, which commodity m••ght be sup∣plied by our English Mer∣chants to their vnspeakeable gaine. Reuerence v∣sed before the King of Tom∣buto. Poysoned ar∣rowes Iewes hated. Bookes. Shels vsed for Coine like as in the King∣dome of Conga.
• * 1.15

  The Towne of Cabra.
• * 1.16

  The Towne and Kingdome of Gagoa.
• * 1.17

  Rich sale for Cloth.
• * 1.18

  Swords.
• * 1.19

  Salt deare.
• * 1.20

  Of the King∣dome of Guber.
• * 1.21

  Their manner of lowing Corne at the Inundation of Niger. The King of Guber slaine by Izchia. Cottages moueable.
• * 1.22

  The Pro∣uince of Cano.
• * 1.23

  The Kings of Zegzeg, of Ca∣sena, and of Cano subdued by Izchia the King o•• Tem∣buto. The Kingdome of Casena.
• * 1.24

  Izchia.
• * 1.25

  The Kingdom of Z••••zeg.
• * 1.26

  Izchia.
• * 1.27

  The Region of Zanfara. The King of Zanfara slaine by Izchia, and the people made tri∣butary. The Towne and Kingdome of Guangara. Gold. Izchia.
• * 1.28

  The Kingdom of Borno. Where no re∣ligious set Ce∣remonies are, men are said to haue no re∣ligion: yet vp∣on better no∣tice of such parts, alway an obseruation of, and com∣munication with the Deuil is found, where men ac∣knowledge no God as in Brasil, &c. Also Sau••ges are said to haue no religi∣on, hau••ng no Temples &c. The Desart of Seu. Fifteene or twentie slaues exchanged for one Horse. Vessels, &c. all Go••d. The Kingdom of Gaoga.
• * 1.29

  The Kindome of Nubia. The Riuer of Nilus not Na∣uigable be∣tweene Nubia and Egypt. The rich Com∣modities of Nubia. Most strong Poyson.
• * 1.30

  Bugiha.