Purchas his pilgrimes. part 4 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. XII. [ 50]

A Discourse of the Portugall Voyage, A. 1589. Sir IOHN NORRIS and Sir FRANCIS DRAKE Generalls, written (as is thought) by Colonell ANTONIE WINGFIELD, imployed in the same Voyage, formerly published by his friend to whom it was writ∣ten; and here abbreuiated.

HAuing determinately purposed to put on this habite of a Souldier, I grew doubt∣full whether to employ my time in the warres of the Low-countries, which are in [ 60] auxiliarie manner maintained by her Maiestie, or to follow the fortune of this voyage, which was an aduenture of her and many honourable personages, in re∣uenge of vnsupportable wrongs offered vnto the estate of our Countrey by the

Castilian King: in arguing whereof, I finde that by how much the Challenger is repu∣ted before the Defendant, by so much is the iourney to bee preferred before those defensiue Warres. For had the Duke of Parma his turne beene to defend, as it was his good fortune to in∣uade: from whence could haue proceeded that glorious honour which these late warres haue laid vpon him, or what could haue beene said more of him, then of a Respondent (though neuer so valiant) in a priuate Duell? Euen that he hath done no more then by his honour he was tied vn∣to. For the gaine of one Towne, or any small defeat giueth more renowme to the Assailant, then the defence of a Countrey, or the withstanding of twentie encounters, can yeeld any man who is bound by his place to guard the same: whereof as well the particulars of our age, especially in the Spaniard, as the reports of former Histories may assure vs, which haue still layed the fame of all warres vpon the Inuader. And doe not ours in these dayes liue obscured in Flanders, either not [ 10] hauing where withall to manage any warre, or not putting on Armes, but to defend themselues when the enemy shall procure them? Whereas in this short time of our Aduenture, we haue won a Town by Escalade, battered and assaulted another, ouerthrowne a mightie Princes power in the * 1.1 Field, landed our Army in three seuerall places of his Kingdome, marched seuen dayes in the heart of his Country, lyen three nights in the Suburbs of his principall Citie, beaten his forces into the Gates thereof, and possessed two of his frontier Forts, as shall in discourse thereof more particu∣larly appeare. But our Army, which hath not cost her Maiestie much aboue the third part of one yeeres expences in the Low-countries, hath already spoyled a great part of the prouision hee had made at the Groine of all sorts, for a new voyage into England; burnt three of his Ships, whereof [ 20] one was the second in the last yeeres expedition, called S. Iuan de Colorado; taken from him aboue 150. Peeces of good artillery; cut off more then 60. Hulkes, and 20. French Ships well manned fit and ready to serue him for men of warre against vs, laden for his store with Corne, Victualls, Masts, Cables and other merchandizes; slaine and taken the principall men of Warre hee had in Galitia; made Don Pedro Enriques de Gusman, Conde de Fuentes, Generall of his forces in Portugall, shamefully run at Peniche; laid along of his best Commander in Lisbon; wherefore I directly con∣clude that this proceeding is the most safe and necessary way to be held against him, and therefore more importing then the warre in the Low-countries. I doubt not but this voyage hath sufficient∣ly made knowne what they are euen vpon their owne dunghill; which, had it bin set out in such sort as it was agreed vpon by their first demand, it might haue made our Nation the most glorious people of the world. For hath not the want of eight of the twelue Peeces of Artillery, which [ 30] were promised vnto the Aduenture, lost her Maiesty the poss••ssion of the Groine and many other places, as hereafter shall appeare, whose defensible rampiers were greater then our battery (such as it was) cold force: and therefore were left vnattempted? It was also resolued to haue sent 600. English Horses of the Low-countries, whereof wee had not one, notwithstanding the great charges expended in their transportation hither: and that may the Army assembled at Puente de Burgos thanke God of, as well as the forces of Portugall, who fore-ran vs six dayes together: Did we not want seuen of the thirteen old Companies, which we should haue had from thence; foure of the ten Dutch Companies; and six of their men of Warre for the Sea, from the Hollanders: which I may iustly say wee wanted, in that we might haue had so many good Souldiers, so many [ 40] good ships, and so many able bodies more then wee had? Did there not vpon the first thinking of the iourney, diuers gallant Courtiers put in their names for Aduenturers to the sum of 10000. li. who seeing it went forward in good earnest, aduised themselues better, and laid the want of so much money vpon the iourney? Was there not moreouer a round summe of the aduenture spent in le••ying, furnishing, and maintaining three moneths one thousand fiue hundred men for the seruice of Berghen, with which Companies the Mutinies of Ostend were suppressed, a seruice of no small moment?

What misery the detracting of the time of our setting out, which should haue beene the first of February, did lay vpon vs, too many can witnesse: and what extremitie the want of that months victualls which wee did eat, during the moneth wee lay at Plimouth for wind, might haue driuen vs vnto, no man can doubt of, that knoweth what men doe liue by, had not God giuen vs in the [ 50] end a more prosperous wind and shorter passage into Galitia then hath been often seene, where our owne force and fortune reuictualled vs largely: of which crosse winds, that held vs two dayes af∣ter our going out, the Generalls being weary, thrust to Sea in the same, wisely chusing rather to attend the change thereof there, then by being in Harbour to lose any part of the better, when it should come by hauing their men on shoare: in which two dayes twentie fiue of our Com∣panies shipped in part of the Fleet were scattered from vs, either not being able or willing to double Ushant.

These burdens layed vpon our Generalls before their going out, they haue patiently endured, * 1.2 and I thinke they haue thereby much enlarged their honour: for nauing done thus much with the [ 60] want of our Artillery, 600. Horse, 3000. Foot, 20000. li. of their aduenture, and one moneths victu∣alls * 1.3 of their proportion, what may be coniectured they would haue done with their full comple∣ment? For our instruction against them, who had almost seduced you from the ••••ue opinon you hold of such men, you shall vnderstand that Generall Norris from his booke was trained vp

in the warres of the Admirall of France, and in very young yeeres had charge of men vnder the Earle of Essex in Ireland: which with what commendations hee then discharged, I leaue to the report of them who obserued those seruices. Vpon the breach betwixt Don Iohn and the States, he was made Colonell Generall of all the English Forces there present, or to come, which he con∣tinued two yeeres: he was then made Marshall of the Field vnder Conte Hobenlo: and after that, Generall of the Army in Frisland: at his comming home in the time of Monsieurs gouernment in Flanders, he was made Lord President of Munster in Ireland, which he yet holdeth, from whence within one yeere hee was sent for, and sent Generall of the English Forces, which her Maiestie lent then to the Low-countries, which he held till the Earle of Leicesters going ouer. And he was made Marshall of the Field in England, the enemy being vpon our Coast, and when it was expec∣ted [ 10] the Crowne of England should haue beene tried by battell. All which places of Command, which neuer Englishman successiuely attained vnto in forraine warres, and the high places her Maiestie hath thought him worthy of, may suffice to perswade you that hee was not altogether vnlikely to discharge that he vndertooke.

What fame Generall Drake hath gotten by his iourney about the world, by his aduentures to the West Indies, and the scourges hee hath laid vpon the Spanish Nation, I leaue to the Sou∣therne parts to speake of. But to answere the reports, which haue beene giuen out in reproach of the Actors and Action by such as were in the same: let no man thinke otherwise, but that they, who fearing the casuall accidents of Warre had any purpose of returning, did first aduise of some occasion that should moue them thereunto: and hauing found any whatsoeuer did thinke it [ 20] sufficiently iust, in respect of the earnest desire they had to seeke out matter that might colour their comming home.

Of these there were some, who hauing noted the late Flemish wars, did find that many young men haue gone ouer and safely returned Souldiers within few moneths, in hauing learned some words of Art vsed in the wars, and thought after that good example to spend like time amongst vs: which being expired they began to quarrell at the great mortalitie that was amongst vs. The neglect of discipline in the Armie, for that men were suffered to bee drunke with the plentie of Wines. The scarsitie of Surgions. The want of carriages for the hurt and sicke: and the penury of victualls in the Campe: It hath beene proued by strickt, examinations of our Musters, that we were neuer in our fulnesse before our going from Plimouth 11000. Souldiers, nor aboue 2500. [ 30] Mariners. It is also euident that there returned aboue 6000. of all sorts, as appeareth by the se∣uerall paiments made to them since our comming home. And I haue truely shewed you that of these numbers very neere three thousand forsooke the Armie at the Sea, whereof some passed in∣to France, and the rest returned home. So as wee neuer being 13000. in all, and hauing brought home aboue six thousand with vs, you may see how the world hath beene seduced, in beleeuing that we haue lost 16000. men by sicknesse.

If at home in the eyes of your Iustices, Maiors, Preachers, and Masters, and where they pay for euery pot they take, they cannot be kept from their liquor: doe they thinke that those base dis∣ordered persons whom themselues sent vnto vs, as liuing at home without rule, who hearing of Wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses could neuer reach to••n England, and hauing it [ 40] there without money euen in their houses where they lie and hold their guard, can be kept from being drunke; and once drunke, held in any order or tune, except we had for euery drunkard an Officer to attend him? But who bee they that haue run into these disorders? Euen our newest men, our youngest men, and our idlest men, and for the most part our slouenly prest men, whom the Iustices (who haue alwayes thought vnworthily of any warre) haue sent out as the scum and dregs of the Countrey. And those were they, who distempering themselues with their hot Wines, haue brought in that sicknesse, which hath infected honester men then themselues. But I hope, as in other places the recouery of the disease, doth acquaint their bodies with the ayre of the Countrey where they be, so the remainder of these which haue either recouered, or past with∣out sicknesse will proue most fit for Martiall seruices. [ 50]

If we haue wanted Surgeons, may not this rather be laid vpon the Captaines (who are to pro∣uide for their seuerall Companies) then vpon the Generalls, whose care hath been more generall. And how may it be thought that euery Captaine, vpon whom most of the charges of raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture, could prouide themselues of all things expedient for a war, which was alwayes wont to be maintained by the purse of the Prince. But admit euery Captain had his Surgeon: yet were the want of curing neuerthelesse: for our English Surgeons (for the most part) bee vnexperienced in hurts that come by shot: because England hath not knowne warres but of late, from whose ignorance proceeded this discomfort, which I hope will warne those that hereafter goe to the warres, to make preparation of such as may better preserue mens liues by their skill. [ 60]

From whence the want of carriages did proceed, you may coniecture in that wee marched through a Country neither plentifull of such prouisions, nor willing to part from any thing: yet this I can assure you, that no man of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any place vnprouided for. And that the Generall commanded all the Mules and Asses, that were laden wi•••• any bag∣gage

to be vnburdened and taken to that vse: and the Earle of Essex and he for mony hired men * 1.4 to carry men vpon Pik••••. And the Earle (whose true vertue and nobilitie, as it doth in all other his actions appeare, so did it very much in this) threw downe his owne stuffe, I meane apparell and necessities which hee had there from his owne carriages, and let them be left by the way to put hurt and sicke men vpon them.

And the great complaint that these men make for want of victualls, may well proceed from their not knowing the wants of warre; for if to feed vpon good Beeues, Muttons, and Goates, be to want, they haue endured great scarcitie at Land, whereunto they neuer wanted two dayes together wine to mixe with their water, nor bread to eat with the•• meat (in some quantitie) ex∣cept it were such as had vowed rather to starue then to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out of their places for food: of whom we haue too many. [ 10]

After six dayes sayling from the Coast of England, and the fifth after we had the wind good, be∣ing * 1.5 the twentieth of Aprill in the euening, we landed in a bay more th•••• an English mile from the Groine, in our long Boats and Pinnaces without any impeachment•• from whence we presently marched toward the Towne, within one halfe mile wee were encountred by the enemy, who be∣ing charged by ours, retired into their gates. For that night our Armie lay in the Villages, Ho••ses, and Mils next adioyning, and very neere round about the Towne, into the which the Galeon na∣med S. Iohn (which was the second of the last yeeres. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 against England) one Hu••ke, two smaller Ships, and two Gallies which were found in the Road, did beat vpon vs and vpon our Companies as they passed too and fro that night and the next morning. Generall Norris hauing that morning before day viewed the Towne, found the same defended on the L••nd side (for it [ 20] standeth vpon the necke of an Iland) with a wall vpon a dry Ditch: whereupon hee resolued to try in two pl••ces what might be done against it by Esc••lade, and in the meane time aduised for the landing of some Artillerie to be vpon the Ships and Gallies, that they might not annoy vs: which being but in execution, vpon the planting of the first Peece the Gallies abandoned the Road, and betooke them to Feroll, not farre from therice: and the Armada being beaten with the Artillery and Musketers that were placed vpon the next shoare, left her playing vpon vs. The rest of the day was spent in preparing the Companies, and other prouisions readie for the surprise of the ba••e Towne, which was effected in this sort.

There were appointed to bee landed 1200. men, vnder the conduct of Colonell Huntley, and Captaine Fenner the Vice-Admirall, on that side next ••••onting vs by water in long Boates and [ 30] Pinnaces, wherein were placed many Peeces of Artillery to beat vpon the Towne in their ap∣proach: at the corner of the wall, which defended the other water side, were appointed Captain Richard Wing field, Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris, and Captaine Sampson, Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Drake, to enter at low water with fiue hundred men if they found it passa∣ble, but if not, to betake them to the Es••alade, for they had also Ladders with them ••••t the other corner of the wall, which ioyned to that side that was attempted by water, were appointed Co∣lonell Umpton, and Colonell Bret, with three hundred men to enter by Escalade. All the Compa∣nies which should enter by Boat being imbarked before the low water, and hauing giuen the alarme, Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson betooke them to the Escalade, for they had in [ 40] commandement to charge all at one instant. The Boats landed without any great difficultie: yet had they some men hurt in landing. Colonell Bret, and Colonell Vmpton entred their quarter without encounter, not finding any defence made against them: for Captaine Hinder being one of them that entred by water, at his first entry, with some of his owne companie whom hee trusted well, betooke himselfe to that part of the wall, which hee cleered before that they offe∣red to enter, and so scoured the wall, till he came on the backe of them, who maintained the fight against Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson; who were twice beaten from their Ladders, and found very good resistance, till the enemies perceiuing ours entred in two places at their backes, were driuen to abandon the same. The reason why that place was longer defended then the other, is (as Don Iuan de Luna, who commanded the same affirmeth.) that the enemie that [ 50] day had resolued in counsell how to make their defences, if they were approached: and therein concluded, that, if wee attempted it by water, it was not able to bee held, and therefore vpon the discouery of our Boates, they of the high Towne should make a signall by fire from thence, that all the low Towne might make their retreat thither: but they (whether troubled with the sud∣den terror we brought vpon them, or forgetting their decree) omitted the fire, which made them guard that place till we were entred on euery side.

Then the Towne being entred in three seuerall places with an huge cry, the Inhabitants be∣tooke them to the high Towne: which they might with lesse perill doe, for that ours being stran∣gers there, knew not the way to cut them off. The rest that were not put to the sword in f••rie, fled to the Rocks in the Iland, others hid themselues in Chambers and Sellers, which were euery [ 60] day found in great numbers.

Amongst those Don Iuun de Luna, a man of very good commandement, hauing hidden himselfe in a house, did the next morning yeeld himselfe. There was also taken that night a Commissarie of victuals, called Iuan de Vera, who confessed that there were in the Groine at our entrie fiue hun∣dred

Souldiers, being in seuen Companies, which returned very weake (as appeareth by the small numbers of them) from the iourney of England. The rest falling into the hands of the common Souldiers, bad their throats cut, to the number of fiue hundred as I coniecture, first and last, after wee had entred the Towne; and in the entry thereof there was found euerie Seller full of Wine, * 1.6 whereon our men by inordinate drinking, both grew themselues for the present senslesse of the danger of the shot of the Town, which hurt many of them being drunk, and tooke the first ground of their sicknesse; for of such was our first and chiefest mortalitie. There was also abundant store of Victualls, Salt, and all kind of prouision for shipping and the warre: which was confessed by the said Commissary of Victualls taken there, to be the beginning of a Magasin of all sorts of pro∣uision * 1.7 for a new Voyage into England: whereby you may coniecture what the spoile thereof hath aduantaged vs, and preiudiced the King of Spaine. [ 10]

The next morning about eight of the clocke the enemies abandoned their Ships. And hauing ouercharched the Artillery of the Gallion, left her on fire, which burnt in terrible sort two daies together, the fire and ouercharging of the Peeces being so great, as of fiftie that were in her, there * 1.8 were not aboue sixteene taken out whole; the rest with ouercharge of the powder being broken and molten with heat of the fire, were taken out in broken pieces into diuers Ships. The same day was the Cloister of the South side of the Towne entred by vs, which ioyned verie neere to the wall of the Town, out of the chambers and other places whereof we beat into the same with our Musketiers.

The next day in the afternoone there came downe some two thousand men, gathered together out of the Countrey, euen to the gates of the Towne, as resolutely (led by what spirit I know [ 20] not) as though they would haue entred the same: but at the first defence made by ours that had the guard there, wherein were slaine about eighteene of theirs, they tooke them to their heeles in the same disorder they made their approach, and with greater speed then ours were able to fol∣low: notwithstanding wee followed after them more then a mile. The second day Colonell Huntley was sent into the Countrey with three or foure hundred men, who brought home very great store of Kine and Sheepe for our reliefe.

The third day in the night, the Generall had in purpose to take a long Munition-house builded vpon their wall, opening towardes vs, which would haue giuen great aduantage against them; but they knowing the commodity thereof for vs, burnt it in the beginning of the euening; which [ 30] put him to a new councell: for he had likewise brought some Artillery to that side of the Town. During this time there happened a very great fire in the lower end of the Towne; which, had it * 1.9 not bin by the care of the Generals heedily seene vnto, and the fury thereof preuented by pulling downe many houses which were most in danger, as next vnto them, had burnt all the prouisions we found there, to our wonderfull hinderance.

The fourth day, were planted vnder the guard of the Cloisters two Demy-canons, and two Coluerings against the Towne, defended or gabbioned with a crosse wall, thorow which our bat∣tery lay; the first and second tire whereof shooke all the wall down, so as all the Ordnance lay o∣pen to the Enemy, by reason wherof some of the Canoniers were shot and some slaine. The Lieu∣tenant also of the Ordnance, M. Spencer, was slaine fast by Sir Edward Norris, Master thereof: [ 40] whose valour being accompanied with an honourable care of defending that trust committed vn∣to him, neuer left that place, till he receiued direction from the Generall his brother to cease the battery, which he presently did, leauing a guard vpon the same for that day; and in the night fol∣lowing made so good defence for the place of the battery, as after there were very few or none annoyed therein. That day Captaine Goodwin had in commandement from the Generall, that when the assault should be giuen to the Towne, he should make a proffer of an Escalade on the o∣ther side, where he held his guard: but he (mistaking the signall that would haue beene giuen) at∣tempted the same long before the assault, and was shot in the mouth. The same day the Generall hauing planted his Ordnance ready to batter, caused the Towne to be summoned; in which sum∣mons they of the Towne shot at our Drum: immediately after that there was one hanged ouer [ 50] the wall, and a parle desired; wherein they gaue vs to vnderstand, that the man hanged was hee that shot at the Drum before: wherein they all intreated to haue faire wars, with promise of the same on their parts. The rest of the parle was spent in talking of Don Iuan de Luna, and some o∣ther prisoners, and somewhat of the rendring of the Towne, but not much, for they listned not greatly thereunto.

Generall Norris hauing by his skilfull view of the Towne (which is almost all seated vpon a Rocke) found one place thereof mineable, did presently set workemen in hand withall; who * 1.10 after three daies labour (and the seuenth after we were entred the base Towne) had bedded their Powder, but indeed not farre enough into the wall. Against which time the breach made by the Canon being thought assaultable, and Companies appointed as well to enter the same, as that [ 60] which was expected should be blowne vp by the Mine: namely, to that of the Canon, Captaine Richard Wingfield, and Captaine Philpot, who led the Generalls Foot-company, with whom also Captaine Yorke went, whose principall commandement was ouer the Horse-men. And to that of the Mine, Captaine Iohn Sampson, and Captaine Anthony Wingfield Lieutenant Colonell to the

Master of the Ordnance, with certaine selected out of diuers Regiments. All these Companies being in Armes, and the assault intended to be giuen in all places at an instant, fire was put to the traine of the Mine; by reason the Powder brake out backwardes in a place where the Caue was made too high, there could be nothing done in either place for that day. During this time Captain * 1.11 Hinder was sent with some chosen out of euery Company into the Country for prouisions, wher∣of he brought in good store, and returned without losse.

The next day Cap. Anthony Sampson was sent out with some fiue hundred to fetch in pouisions for the Army, who was encountred by them of the Country, but he put them to flight, and retur∣ned with good spoile. The same night the Miners were set to worke againe, who by the second day after had wrought very well into the foundation of the wall. Against which time the Com∣panies aforesaid being in readinesse for both places (Generall Drake on the other side, with two or [ 10] three hundred men in Pinnacet, making proffer to attempt a strong Fort vpon an Iland before the Towne, where he left more then thirtie men) fire was giuen to the traine of the Mine, which blew vp halfe the Tower vnder which the Powder was planted. The assailants hauing in charge vpon the effecting of the Mine presently to giue the assault, performed it accordingly; but too soone: for hauing entred the top of the breach, the other halfe of the Tower, which with the first * 1.12 force of the Powder was onely shaken and made loose, tell vpon our men: vnder which were bu∣ried about twentie or thirtie, then being vnder that part of the Tower. This so amazed our men that stood in the breach, not knowing from whence that terror came, as they forsooke their Com∣manders, and left them among the ruines of the Mine. The two Easignes of Generall Drake and Captaine Anthony Wingfield were shot in the breach, but their colours were rescued••: the Gene∣rails [ 20] by Captaine Sampsons Lieutenant, and Captaine Wingfields by himselfe. Amongst them that the wall fell vpon, was Cap. Syden••am pittifully lost; who hauing three or foure great stones vp∣on his lower parts, was held so fast, as neither himselfe could stirre, nor any reasonable company recouer him. Not withstanding the next day being found to be aliue, there was ten or twelue lost in attempting to relieue him.

The breach made by the Canon, was wonderfully well assaulted by them that had the charge * 1.13 thereof, who brought their men to the push of the Pike at the top of the breach. And being readie to enter, the loose earth (which was indeede but the rubbish of the outside of the wall) with the weight of them that were thereon slipped outwardes from vnder their feet. Whereby did appeare halfe the wall vnbattered. For l••t no man thinke that Culuerin or Demy-canon can suf∣ficiently [ 30] batter a defensible rampire: and of those Peeces which we had; the better of the Demy∣canons at the second shot brake in her carriages, so as the battery was of lesse force, being but of three Peeces.

In our retreat (which was from both breaches thorow a narrow lane) were many of our men hurt: and Captaine Dolphin, who serued very well that day, was hurt in the very breach. The failing of this attempt, in the opinion of all the beholders, and of such as were of the best iudge∣ment, was the fall of the Mine; which had doubtlesse succeeded, the rather, because the approch was vnlooked for by the enemy in that place, and therefore not so much defence made there as in the other; which made the Generall grow to a new resolution: for finding that two daies battery [ 40] had so little beaten their wall, and that he had no better preparation to batter withall: he knew in his experience, there was no good to be done that way; which I thinke he first put in proofe, to try if by that terror hee could get the vpper Towne, hauing no other way to put it in hazzard so speedily, and which in my conscience had obtained the Towne, had not the defendants bin in as great peril of their liues by the displeasure of their King in giuing it vp, as by the Bullet or Sword in defending the same. For that day before the assault, in the view of our Armie, they burnt a Cloi∣ster within the Town, and many other houses adioyning to the Castle, to make it more defensible: whereby it appeared how little opinion themselues had of holding it against vs, had not God (who would not haue vs suddenly made proud) laied that misfortune vpon vs.

The next day the Generall hearing by a prisoner that was brought in, that the Conde de An∣drada * 1.14 had assembled an Armie of eight thousand at Puente de Burgos, sixe miles from thence in [ 50] the way to Petance, which was but the beginning of an Armie: in that there was a greater leauy ready to come thither vnder the Conde de Altomira, either in purpose to relieue the Groine, or to encampe themselues neere the place of our embarking, there to hinder the same; for to that purpose had the Marquesse of Seralba, written to them both the first night of our landing, as the Commissary taken then confessed, or at the least to stop our further entrance into the Countrey, (for during this time, there were many incursions made of three or foure hundred at a time, who burnt, spoiled and brought in victualls plentifully) the Generall, I say, hearing of this Armie, had in purpose the next day following to visite them, against whom hee carried but nine Regi∣ments: in the Vantguard were the Regiment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Edward Norris, and Co∣lonell [ 60] Sidney: in the Battaile, that of the Generall of Colonell Lane, and Colonell Medkerk: and in the R••aseward, Sir Henry Norris, Colonell Huntley, and Colonell Brets Regiments; lea∣uing the other fiue Regiments with Generall Drake, for the guard of the Cloister and Arti••∣lery. About ten of the clocke the next day, being the sixt of May, halfe a mile from the Campe,

wee discouering the enemy, Sir Edward Norris, who commanded the Vantguard in chiefe, appoin∣ted his Lieutenant Colonell Captaine Anthony Wingfield to command the shot of the same, who diuided them into three troupes; the one he appointed to Captain Middleton to be conducted in away on the left hand: another to Captain Er••ngton to take the way on the right hand, and the bodie of them (which were Mosquetiers) Captaine Wingfield tooke himselfe, keeping the direct way of the march. But the way taken by Captaine Middleton met a little before with the way held by Captaine Wingfield, so as he giuing the first charge vpon the enemy, was in the in∣stant seconded by Captaine Wingfield, who beat them from place to place (they hauing very good places of defence, and crosse Walles which they might haue held long) till they betooke them to their Bridge, which is ouer a creeke comming out of the Sea, builded of Stone vpon Ar∣ches. [ 10] On the foot of the further side whereof, lay the Ca••••pe of the enemy very strongly en∣trenched, who with out shot beaten to the further end of the Bridge, Sir Edward Norris marching in the point of the Pakes, without stay passed to the Bridge, accompanied with Colonell Sidney, Captaine Hinder, Captaine Fulford, and diuers others, who found the way cleere ouer the same, but through an incredible volley of shot, for that the shot of their Army flanked vpon both sides of the Bridge, the further end whereof w•••• barrica••ed with Barrells: but they who should haue guarded the same, seeing the proud approach wee made, forsooke the defence of the barricade, where Sir Edward entred, and charging the first defendant with his Pike, with very earnestnesse in ouerthrusting, fell, and was grieuously hurt at the sword in the head, but was most honoura∣bly rescued by the Generall his brother, accompanied with Colonell Sidney, and some other [ 20] Gentlemen: Captaine Hinder also hauing his Caske shot off, b•••• fiue wounds in the head and face at the sword: and Captaine Fulford was shot in the left arme at the same encounter: yet were they so thorowly seconded by the Generall, who thrust himselfe so neere to giue encou∣ragement to the attempt (which was of wonderfull difficultie) as their brauest men that defen∣ded that place being ouer throwne, their whole Army fell presently into rout, of whom our men had the chase three miles in foure sundry waies, which they betooke themselues vnto. There was taken the Standard with the Kings Armes, and borne before the Generall. How many two thousand men (for of so many consisted our Vantguard) might kill in pursuit of foure sundry par∣ties, * 1.15 so many you may imagine fell before vs that day. And to make the number more great, our men hauing giuen ouer the execution, and returning to their stands, found many hidden in the [ 30] Vineyards and Hedges, which they dispatched. Also Colonell M••••kerk was sent with his Re∣giment three miles further to a Cloister, which hee burnt and spoiled, wherein he found two hun∣dred more, and put them to the sword. There were slaine in this fight on our side onely Captain Cooper, and one priuate Souldier; Captaine Barton was also hurt vpon the Bridge in the eye. But had you seene the strong barricades they had made on either side of the Bridge, and how strong∣ly they lay encamped thereabouts, you would haue thought it a rare resolution of ours to giue so braue a charge vpon an Armie so strongly lodged. After the fury of the execution, the Generall sent the Vantguard one way, and the battell another, to burne and spoile; so as you might haue seene the Countrey more then three miles compasse on fire. There was found very good store of Munition and victualls in the Campe, some plate and rich apparell, which the better sort left be∣hind, [ 40] they were so hotly pursued. Our Sailers also landed in an Iland next adioyning to our ships, where they burnt and spoiled all they found. Thus we returned to the Groine, bringing small com∣fort to the enemy within the same, who shot many times at vs as we marched out; but not once in our comming backe againe.

The next day was spent in shipping our Artillery landed for the battery, and of the rest taken at the Groine, which had it beene such as might haue giuen vs any assurance of a better battery, or had there beene no other purpose of our iourney but that, I thinke the Generall would haue spent some more time in the siege of the place.

The two last nights, there were that vndertooke to fire the higher Towne in one place, where the houses were builded vpon the wall by the water side; but they within suspecting as much, [ 50] made so good defence against vs, as they preuented the same. In our departure there was fire put into euerie house of the low Towne, insomuch as I may iustly say, there was not one house left standing in the base Towne, or the Cloister.

The next day, being the eight of May, wee embarked our Armie without losse of a man, which (had wee not beaten the enemie at Puente de Burgos) had beene impossible to haue done.

After we had put from thence, we had the wind so contrarie, as we could not vnder nine daies recouer the Burlings: in which passage on the thirteenth day the Earle of Essex, and with him * 1.16 M. Walter Douer••u••, his brother (a Gentleman of wonderfull great hope) Sir Roger Williams, Colonell Generall of the Footmen, Sir Philip Butler, who hath alwaies beene most inward with him, and Sir Edward Wingfield, came into the Fleet. The Earle put off in the same wind from [ 60] Falmouth, that wee left Plimouth in, where he lay, because he would auoid the importunitie of Messengers that were daily sent for his returne, and some other causes more secret to himselfe, not knowing (as it seemed) what place the Generals purposed to land in, had b••n as far as Cad•••• in Andal••zia, and lay vp and downe about the South Cape, where hee tooke some Ships laden

with Corne, and brought them vnto the Fleet. Also in his returne from thence to meet with our Fleet, he fell with the Ilands of Bayon; and on that side of the Riuer which Cannas standeth vp∣on, he, with Sir Roger Williams, and those Gentlemen that were with him went on shoare, with some men out of the Ship he was in, whom the enemy that held guard vpon that Coast, would not abide, but fled vp into the Countrey.

The sixteenth day we landed at Peniche in Portugal, vnder the shot of the Castle, and aboue the * 1.17 waste in the water, more then a mile from the town, wherin many were in peril of drowning, by reason the wind was great, and the Sea went high, which ouerthrew one Boat, wherein fiue and twentie of Captaine Dolphins men perished. The enemy being fiue Companies of Spaniards, vn∣der the commandement of Conde de Fuentas, sallied out of the town against vs, and in our landing [ 10] made their approach close by the water side. But the Earle of Essex, with Sir Roger Williams, and his brother, hauing landed sufficient number to make two troupes, left one to hold the way by the water side, and led the other ouer the Sand-hills; which the enemy seeing, drew theirs likewise further into the Land; not, as we coniectured, to encounter vs, but indeed to make their speedie passage away: notwithstanding they did it in such sort, as being charged by ours which were sent out by the Colonell generall vnder Captaine Iacks〈…〉〈…〉, they stood the same euen to the push of the Pike: in which charge and at the p••sh, Captaine Robert Pi•••• was slaine. The enemy being fled further then we had reason to follow them, all our Companies were drawne to the Town; which being vnfortified in any place, wee found vndefended by any man against vs. And therefore the Generall caused the Castle to bee summoned that night; which being abandoned by him that [ 20] commanded it, a Portugall named Antonio de Aurid, being possessed thereof, desired but to be assu∣red that Don Antonio was landed, whereupon he would deliuer the same; which he honestly per∣formed. There was taken out of the Castle some hundred Shot and Pikes, which D••n Emanuel * 1.18 furnished his Portugalls withall, and twentie Barrells of Powder: so as possessing both the Town and the Castle, we rested there one day; wherin some Friars and other poore men came vnto their new King, promising in the name of their Countrey next adioyning, that within two dayes hee should haue a good supply of Horse and Foot for his assistance. That day wee remained there, the Generals company of horses were vnshipped.

The Generalls there fully resolued, that the Armie should march ouer Land to Lisb••••, vnder * 1.19 the conduct of Generall Norris; and that Generall Drake should meet him in the Riuer thereof [ 30] with the Fleet; that there should bee one Company of Foot left in guard of the Castle, and six in the Ships: also that the sicke and hurt should remaine there with prouisions for their cures.

In this march Captaine Crispe the Prouest Marshall caused one who (contrary to the Pro∣clamation published at our arriuall in Portugall) had broken vp an house for pillage, to bee han∣ged, * 1.20 with the cause of his death vpon his breast, in the place where the act was committed: which good example prouidently giuen in the beginning of our march, caused the commandement to be more respectiuely regarded all the iourney after, by them whom feare of punishment doth on∣ly hold within compasse. The Campe lodged that night at Lori••••••: the next day we had intelli∣gence all the way, that the enemy had made head of Horse and Foot against vs at T••rres Uedras, which wee thought they would haue held: but comming thither the second day of our march, [ 40] not two houres before our Vantgard came in, they left the Towne and Castle to the possession of Don Antonio.

There began the greatest want we had of victuals, especially of bread, vpon a commandement * 1.21 giuen from the Generall, that no man should spoile the Country, or take any thing from any Por∣tugall: which was more respectiuely obserued, then I thinke would haue bin in our owne Coun∣trey, amongst our owne friends and kindred: but the Countrey (contrary to promise) wholly neg∣lected the prouision of victuals for vs, wherby we were driuen for that time into a great scarsity. Which moued the Colonell Generall to call all the Colonells together, and with them to aduise of some better course for our people: who thought it best, first to aduertise the King what neces∣sitie we were in, before we should of our selues alter the first institution of abstinence. The Colo∣nell [ 50] generall, hauing acquainted the Generall herewith, with his very good allowance thereof, went to the King; who after some expostulations vsed, tooke the more carefull order for our men, and after that our Armie was more plentifully relieued.

The third day we lodged our Armie in three sundry Villages, the one Battalion lying in Exa∣rama de los Caualleres, another in Exar〈…〉〈…〉 de Obispo, and the third in S•••• Sa••astian. Captain Y••rke who commanded the Generalls Horse Company, in this march made triall of the valour of the Horsemen of the enemy; who by one of his Corporals charged with eight Horses thorow fortie of them, and himselfe thorow more then two hundred, with some fortie Horses: who would a∣bide him no longer then they could make way from him.

The next day we marched to Loves, and had diuers Intelligences that the enemy would tarry [ 60] vs there: for the Cardinall had made publike promise to them of Lis••on, that he would fight with vs in that place, which he might haue done aduantageously; for we had a Bridge to passe ouer in the same place: but before our comming he dislodged, notwithstanding it appeared vnto vs that hee had in purpose to incampe: here; for wee found the ground staked out where their trenches

should haue bin made: and their Horsemen with some few Shot shewed themselues vpon an Hill at our comming into that Village; whom Sir Henry Norris (whose Regiment had the point of the Vantgard) thought to draw vnto some fight, and therefore marched without sound of Drum, and somewhat faster then ordinary, thereby to get neere them before he were discouered, for hee was shadowed from them by an Hill that was betweene him and them: but before he could draw his Companies any thing neete, they retired.

Generall Drakes Regiment that night, for the commoditie of good lodging, drew themselues into a Village, more then one English mile from thence, and neere the enemy: who not daring to doe any thing against vs in foure dayes before, tooke that occasion, and in the next morning fell downe vpon that Regiment, crying, Uiua el Rey Don Antonio, which was a generall salutation [ 10] thorow all the Countrey as they came: whom our young Souldiers (though it were vpon their guard, and before the watch were discharged) began to entertaine kindly, but hauing got within their guard, they fell to cut their throats: but the alarme being taken inwards, the Officers of the two next Companies, whose Captaines (Captain Sydnam and Captain Young) were lately dead at the Groine, brought downe their Colours and Pikes vpon them in so resolute manner, as they presently draue them to retire with losse: they killed of ours at the first entrance fourteene, and hurt six or seuen.

The next day we lodged at Al••elana within three miles of Lisbon, where many of our Souldi∣ers drinking in two places of standing waters by the way were poysoned, and thereon presently * 1.22 dyed. Some doe thinke it came rather by eating of Hony, which they found in the houses plenti∣fully. [ 20] But whether it were by Water or by Hony, the poore men were poisoned. That night the Earle of Essex and Sir Roger Williams went out about eleuen of the clocke with 1000. men to lie * 1.23 in ambuscade neere the Town, and hauing laied the same very neere, sent some to giue the alarme vnto the enemy: which was well performed by them that had the charge thereof, but the enemy refused to issue after them, so that the Earl•• returned as soone as it was light without doing any thing, though he had in purpose, and was ready to haue giuen an honourable charge on them.

The 25. of May in the euening we came to the Suburbs of Lisbon: at the very entrance where∣of * 1.24 Sir Roger Williams calling Captaine Anthomy Wingfield with him, tooke thirtie Shot or there∣abouts, and first scowred all the Streets till they came very neere the Towne; where they found none but old folkes and beggars, crying, V〈…〉〈…〉 el Rey D•••• Antonio, and the houses shut vp: for they [ 30] had carried much of their wealth into the Towne, and had fired some houses by the waterside, full of Corne and other prouisions of victualls, least wee should be benefited thereby, but yet left behind them great riches in many houses. The foure Regiments that had the vantguard that day, which were Colonell Deu••reux, Sir Edward Norris, Colonell Sidneys, and Generall Dr••kes (whom I name as they marched) the Colonell generall caused to hold guard in the neerest Streets of the Suburbs: the Battel and the Arrereward stood in Armes all the night in Field neere to Alcantara. Before morning Captaine Wingfield, by direction from the Colonell generall Sir Roger Williams, held guard with Sir Edward Norris his Regiment in three places very neere the Towne wall, and so held the same till the other Regiments came in the morning. About midnight they within the Towne burnt all their houses that stood vpon their wall either within or without, least we posses∣sing * 1.25 [ 40] them, might thereby greatly haue annoyed the Towne.

The next morning Sir Roger Williams attempted (but not without perill) to take a Church cal∣led S. Antonio, which ioyned to the wall of the Towne, and would haue been a very euill neighbor to the Towne: but the enemy hauing more easie entry into it then wee, gained it before vs. The rest of that morning was spent in quartering the Battell and Arrereward in the Suburbs called Bona Uista, and in placing Musquetiers in houses, to front their Shot vpon the wall, who from the same scowred the great Streets very dangerously.

By this time our men being thorowly weary with our sixe dayes march, and the last nights watch, were desirous of rest; whereof the enemy being aduertised, about one or two of the clocke sallied out of the Town, and made their approach in three seuerall Streets vpon vs, but chiefly in [ 50] Colonell Brets quarter: who (as most of the Armie was) being at rest, with as much speed as he * 1.26 could, drew his men into Armes, and made head against them so thorowly, as himselfe was slain in the place, Captaine Carsey shot thorow the thigh, of which hurt hee died within foure dayes after, Captaine Carre slaine presently, and Captaine Caue hurt (but not mortally) who were all of his Regiment. This resistance made as well here, as in other quarters where Colonell Lane and Colonell M••dkerk commanded, put them to a sudden foule retreat; insomuch, as the Earle of Es∣sex * 1.27 had the chase of them enen to the gates of the high Town, wherin they left behind them ma∣ny of their best Commanders: their troupe of Horsemen also came out, but being charged by Captain Yorke, withdrew themselues againe. Many of them also left the streets, and betooke them to houses which they found open: for the Sergeant Maior Captain Wilson ••lew in one house with [ 60] his owne hands three or foure, and caused them that were with him to kill many others. Their losse I can assure you did triple ours, as well in qualitie as in quantitie.

During our march to this place, Generall Drake with the whole Fleet was come into Cascais, and possessed the Town without any resistance: many of the Inhabitants at their discouery of our * 1.28

Nauie, fled with their baggage into the Mountaines, and left the Towne for any man that would possesse it, till Generall Drake sent vnto them by a Portugall Pilot which he had on boord, to of∣fer * 1.29 them all peaceable kindnesse, so farre forth as they would accept of their King, and minister necessaries to the Armie he had brought; which offer they ioyfully imbraced, and presently sent two chiefe men of their Town, to signifie their loyaltie to Don Antonio, & their honest affections to our people. Whereupon the Generall landed his Companies not farre from the Cloister called San Domingo, but not without perill of the shot of the Castle, which being guarded with sixtie fiue Spaniards, held still against him.

As our Fleet were casting anker when they came first into that Road, there was a small ship of Brasil that came from thence, which bare with them, and seemed by striking her sailes, as though she would also haue ancred: but taking her fittest occasion hoised againe, and would haue passed [ 10] vp the Riuer, but the Generall presently discerning her purpose, sent out a Pinnace or two after her, wh••ch forced her in such sort, as she ran her selfe vpon the Rocks: all the men escaped out of her, and the lading (being many chests of Sugar) was made nothing worth, by the Salt water. In his going thither also, he tooke Ships of the Port of Portugall, which were sent from thence, with * 1.30 fifteene other from Pedro Vermendes Xantes Sergeant Maior of the same place, laden with men and victualls to Lisbon: the rest that escaped put into Set••••el.

The next day it pleased Generall Norris to call all the Colonels together, and to aduise with them, whether it were more expedient to tarry there to attend the forces of the Portugall Horse and Foot, whereof the King had made promise, and to march some conuenient number to Cascais [ 20] to fetch our Artillery and Munition which was all at our ships, sauing that which for the necessi∣ty of the seruice was brought along with vs: whereunto, some carried away with the vaine hope of Don Antonio, that the most part of the Town stood for vs, held it best to make our abode there, * 1.31 and to send some three thousand of our Artillery: promising to themselues, that the Enemy be∣ing well beaten the day before, would make no more sallies: some others (whose vnbeliefe was very strong of any hope from the Portugall) perswaded rather to march wholly away, then to be any longer carried away with the opinion of things, whereof there was so little appearance. The Generall, not willing to leaue any occasion of blot to be laid vpon him for his speedie going from thence, nor to lose any more time by attending the hope of Don Antonio; told them, that though the expedition of Portugall were not the onely purpose of their iburney, but an aduenture there∣in [ 30] (which if it succeeded prosperously might make them sufficiently rich, and wonderfull honou∣rable) and that they had done so much alreadie in triall thereof, as what end soeuer happened could nothing impaire their credits: yet in regard of the Kings last promise, that hee should haue that night three thousand armed men of his owne Country, he would not for that night dislodge. The King of Portugall (whether carried away with imagination, by the aduertisements he recei∣ued from the Portugalls, or willing by any promise to bring such an Armie into his Countrey, thereby to put his fortune once more in triall) assured the Generall, that vpon his first landing there would be a reuolt of his subiects.

After two nights staying at Lisbon, the King, as you haue heard promised a supply of three thousand Foot, and some Horse: but all his appointments being expired, euen to the last of a night, * 1.32 [ 40] all his Horse could not make a Cornet of fortie, nor his Foot furnish two Ensignes fully, although they carried three or foure colours: and these were altogether such as thought to inrich them∣selues by the ruine of their neighbours: for they committed more disorders in euery place where we came by spoile, then any of our owne.

The Generall, as you see, hauing done more then before his comming out of England was re∣quired by the King, and giuen credite to his many promises, euen to the breach of the last, he de∣sisted not to perswade him to stay yet nine daies longer: in which time hee might haue engaged himselfe further, then with any honor he could come out off againe, by attempting a Town for∣tified, wherein were more men armed against vs, then we had to oppugne them withall, our Artil∣lery and Munition being fifteene miles from vs, and our men then declining; for there was the [ 50] first shew of any great sicknesse amongst them. Whereby it seemeth, that either his Prelacie did much abuse him in perswading him to hopes, whereof after two or three daies hee saw no sem∣blance: or hee like a silly louer, who promiseth himselfe fauour by importuning a coy mistresse, thought by our long being before his Towne, that in the end taking pittie on him they would let him in. What end the Friers had by following him with such deuotion I know not, but sure I am, the Laitie did respite their homage till they might see which way the victorie might sway; fearing to shew themselues apparantly vnto him, least the Spaniard should after our departure (if we preuailed not) call them to account: yet sent they vnderhand messages to him of obedience, thereby to saue their owne, if he became King; but indeed very well contented to see the Spani∣ards and vs crie by blowes who should carry away the Crowne. For they be of so base a mould, [ 60] as they can very well subiect themselues to any gouernment, where they may liue free from blowes, and haue libertie to become rich, being loth to indure hazzard either of life or goods. For durst they haue put on any minds thorowly to reuolt, they had three wonderfull great occasions offered them during our being there, &c.

The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 morning, seeing no performance of promise kept, the Generall gaue order for our marching away; himselfe, the Earle of Essex, and Sir Roger Williams remaining with the stand * 1.33 that was made in the high street, till the whole Armie was drawne into the Field, and so marched out of the Towne, appointing Captaine Richard Wingfield, and Captaine Anthony Winfield in the Arrereward of them with the shot; thinking that the enemy (as it was most likely) would haue illued out vpon our rising; but they were otherwise aduised. When we were come into the Field, euerie Battalion fell into that order which by course appertained vnto them, and so mar∣c••ed that night vnto Cascais. Had wee marched thorow his Countrey as enemies, our Souldiers had beene well supplied in all their wants: but had wee made enemies of the Suburbs of Lisbon, * 1.34 wee had beene the richest Armie that euer went out of England: for besides the particular [ 10] wealth of euery house, there were many Ware-houses by the water side full of all sorts of rich Merchandizes.

In our march that day the Gallies which had some what, but not much annoyed vs at Lisbon, (for that our way lay along the Riuer) attended vs till we were past S. Iulians, bestowing many shot amongst vs, but did no harme as all 〈…〉〈…〉ng that they strooke off a Gentlemans leg, and killed the Sergeant Maiors M••ile vnder him. The Horsemen also followed vs afarre off, and cut off as many sicke men as were not able to hold in march, nor we had carriage for.

After we had beene two 〈…〉〈…〉es at Cascais, wee had intelligence by a Friar, that the enemy was marching strongly towards vs, and then came as farre as S. Iulian; which newes was so welcome to the Earle of Essex and the Generall••, as they offered euery one of them to giue the Messenger [ 20] an hundred Crownes if they found them in the place; for the Generall desiring mothing more then to fight with them in field roome, dispatched that night a Messenger with a Trumpet, by whom 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Cart〈…〉〈…〉 to the Generall of their Armie, wherein he gaue them the lie, in that it * 1.35 was by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 reported that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dislodged from Lisbon in disorder and feare of them (which in∣deed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most false) for that it was fiue of the clocke in the morning before wee fell into Armes, and then 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in such ••ore, as they had no courage to follow out vpon vs. Also he challenged him therein to meet him the next morning with his whole Armie, if hee durst attend his comming, and there to try out the iustnesse of their quarrell by ba••••••ll; by whom also the Earle of Essex (who preferring the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the cause, which was his Countries, before his owne safetie) sent a particulas Cattell, offering himselfe against any of theire, if they had any of his qualitie; or if they [ 30] would 〈◊〉〈◊〉 admit of that, six, eight, or ten or as many as they would appoint, should meet so ma∣ny of theirs in the heart of our battell to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their fortunes with them; and that they should haue assurance of their returne and honourable intreatie.

The Generall accordingly made all his Armie readie, by three of the clocke in the morning, and marched euen to the place where they had encamped, but they were dislodged in the night in great disorder, being taken with a sudden feare that we had been come vpon them, as the Ge∣nerall * 1.36 was the next day certainely informed: so as the Trumpet followed them to Lisbon, but could not get other answere to either of his Letters, but threatning to bee hanged, for daring to being such a message. Howbeit the Generall had caused to be written vpon the backside of their Pasport, that if they did offer any violence vnto the Messengers, he would hand the best prisoners [ 40] he had of theirs: which made them to aduise better of the matter, and to returne them home; but without answerd.

A〈…〉〈…〉 Armie came to Cascais, and the Castle summoned, the Castellan thereof granted, that vpon fiue or six shot of the Canon he would deliuer the same, but not without sight thereof. The Generall thinking that his distresse within had been such for want of men or victuals, as he could * 1.37 not hold it many dayes, because hee saw it otherwise defensible enough, determined rather to make him yeeld to that necessitie, then to bring the Canon, and therefore onely set a guard vpon the same, least any supply of those things which hee wanted should bee brought vnto them. But hee still standing vpon these conditions, the Generall about two dayes before hee determined to goe to Sea, brought three or foure Peeces of battery against it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vpon the first ••ire whereof he sur∣rendered, [ 50] and compounded to goe away with his baggage and Armes: hee had one Canon, two Culuerings, one Basiliske, and three or foure other F〈…〉〈…〉 Peeces, threescore and fiue Souldiers, ve∣ry good store of Munition, and victualls enough in the Castle; insomuch as hee might haue held the same longer then the Generall had in purpose to tarry there. One company of Footmen was put into the guard thereof, till the Artillery was taken out, and our Armie imbarked; which without hauing that sort, we could not without great perill haue done. When we were readie to set saile (one halfe of the Fort being by order from the Generall ••lowne vp by mine) the com∣pany was drawne away.

During the time we lay in the Road, our Fleet began the second of Iune, and so continued six dayes after to fetch in some Hulks to the number of threescore, of Dansik, Stetin, Rostock, Lubeck [ 60] and Hamburgh, laden with Spanish goods, and as it seemed for the Kings prouision, and going for * 1.38 Lisb••••: their principall lading was Corne, Masts, Cables, Copper, and Waxe: amongst which were some of great burthen wonderfull well builded for sailing, which had no great lading in them, and therefore it was thought they were brought for the Kings prouision, to reinforce

his decaied Nauie: whereof there was the greater likelihood, in that the owner of the greatest of them which carried two misnes, was knowne to be very inward with the Cardinall, who rather * 1.39 then he would be taken with his ships, committed himselfe vnto his small Boate, wherein he recouered Saint Sebastians: into the which our men, that before were in flie-boates, were shipped, and the Flie-boates sent home with an offer of Corne, to the value of their hire. But the winde being good for them for Rochel, they chose rather to loose their Corne then the winde, and so departed. The Generall also sent his Horses with them, and from thence shipped them into England.

The third of Iune, Colonell Deuereux, and Colonell Sidney, being both very sicke, departed for England, who in the whole iourney had shewed themselues very forward to all seruices, and in their departure very vnwilling to leaue vs: that day we embarked all our Army, but lay in the [ 10] road vntill the eight thereof.

The sixt-day, the Earle of Essex, vpon receit of Letters from her Maiesty, by them that brought in the victuals, presently departed towards England, with whom Sir Roger Williams was very desirous to goe, but found the Generals very vnwilling he should do so, in that he bare the next place vnto them, and if they should miscarry, was to command the Army. And the same day there came vnto vs two small ••••arkes, that brought tidings of some other ships come out of England with victuals, which were passed vpwards to the Cape: for meeting with whom, the second day after we set saile for that place, in purpose after our meeting with them to goe with the Iles of Azores, the second day, which was the ninth, we met with them comming backe againe towards vs, whose prouision little answered our expectation. Notwithstanding we resolued to continue [ 20] our course for the Ilands.

About this time w•••• the Marchant Royall, with three or foure other ships, sent to Peniche, to fetch away the companies that were le•••• chere; but Captain Barton hauing receiued Letters from the General•• that were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ouerland, was departed before, not being able by reason of the ene∣mies speedy marching thither, either to bring away the artillery, or all his men, according to the direction those letters gaue him; for he was no sooner gone, then the enemy possessed the Towne and Castle, and shot at out ships as they came into the road.

At this time also was the Ambassadoor from the Emperor of Marocco, called Reys Hamet Ben∣casamp, * 1.40 returned, and with him M. Ciprian, a Gentleman of good place and desert, who sent from Don Autoni••, and Captaine O〈…〉〈…〉y from the Generals to the Emperour. [ 30]

The next morning the nine Gall•••••• which were sent not fiue daies before out of Andaluzia for the strengthening of the Ruer or Lisb•••• which being ioyned with the other twelue that were there before, though we lay hard by them at Sa••nt Iulians, durst neuer make any attempt against vs) vpon our departure from thence 〈◊〉〈◊〉 returning home, and in the morning being a very dead calme, in the dawning thereof, fell in the winde of our fleet, in the vttermost part whereof they assailed one stragling Barke of Plimmouth, of the which Captaine Cauerley being Captaine of the land company, with his Lientenant, the Master, and some of the Marriners, abandoned the ship, and betooke them to the ship-boats, whereof one, in which the Master and the Captaine were, was ouer〈…〉〈…〉 with the Gallies, and they drowned. There were also two Hulkes stragled far from the strength of the other ships, which were so calmed, as neither they could get to vs, nor we to [ 40] them, though all the great ships towed with their Boats to haue relieued them, but could not be recouered, in one of which was Captaine Mi••shaw with his company; who fought with them to the last, yea after his ship was on fire, which whither it was fired by himselfe or by them we could not well discerne, but might easily iudge by his long and good fight, that the enemy could not but sustain much losse, who setting also vpon one other Hulke wherein was but a Lieutenant, and he very sicke, wereby the valour of the Lieutenant put off, although they had first beaten her with their artillery, and attempted to boord her. And seeing also one other Hulke a league off, a sterne of vs, they made towards her: but finding that she made ready to fight with them; they durst not further attempt her: whereby it seemed, their losse being great in the other fights, they were loath to proceede any further. [ 50]

From 〈◊〉〈◊〉 day till the nineteenth of Iune, our direction from the Generall was, that if the winde were Northerly, we should plie for the Azores; but if Southerly, for the Iles of Bayon. We lay with contrary windes about that place and the Rocke, till the Southerly winde preuai∣ling * 1.41 carried vs to Bayon: among whom was Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde; who had a purpose (if the Admirals had not come in) with some 500, men out of them all to haue landed, and at∣tempted the taking of Vigo. The rest of the fleet held with generall Drake, who though he were two dayes before put vpon those Ilands, cast off againe to Sea for the Azores: but remembring how vnprouided he was for that iourney, and seeing that he had lost company of his great ships, returned for Bayon, and came in there that night in the euening, where hee passed vp the Riuer more then a mile aboue Uigo. [ 60]

The next morning wee landed as many as were able to fight, which were not in the whole aboue two thousand men (for in the seuenteene dayes we continued on boord wee had cast

many of our men ouer-boord) with which number the Colonell generall marched to the Towne of Uigo, neere the which when hee approached, he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a * 1.42 troupe of shot to enter one side of the same, who found vpon euery stre••tes end a strong bar∣ricade, but altogether abandoned; for hauing entred the Towne, he found but one man there∣in, but might see them making way before him to Bayon. On the other side the Towne en∣tred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard Wingfield, whose approach on that side (I thinke) made them leaue the places they had so artificially made for defence: there were also certaine ships sent with the Vice-admirall to lye close before the Towne, to beate vpon the same with their artillery.

In the afternoone were sent three hundred vnder the conduct of Captaine Petui•• and Captain [ 10] Henry Poure, to burne another Village betwixt that and Bayon, called Borsis, and as much of the Countrie as the day would giue them leaue to doe; which was a very pleasant rich Valley: but they burnt it all, houses and corne, as did others on the other side of the Town, both that and the * 1.43 next day, so as the Countrey was spoiled seuen or eight miles in length. There was found great store of Wine in the Town, but not any thing else: for the other daies warning of the ships that came first in, gaue them a respit to carry all away.

The next morning by breake of the day the Colonell generall (who in the absence of the Generals that were on boord their ships, commanded that night on shoare) caused all our Companies to be drawne out of the Towne, and sent in two troupes to put fire in euery house of the same: which done, we imbarked againe. This day there were certaine Mariners which * 1.44 [ 20] (without any direction) put themselues on shoare, on the contrary side of the Riuer from vs for pillage.

The same day the Generals seeing what weake estate our Army was drawne into by sicknes, determined to man and victuall twenty of the best ships for the Ilands of Az••res, with Generall Drake, to see if he could meete with the Indian Fleet, and Generall Norris to returne home with the rest: And for the shirting of men and victuals accordingly, purposed the next morning to fall downe to the Ilands of Bayon againe, and to remaine there that day. But Generall Drake, accor∣ding to their appointment, being vnder saile neuer strooke at the Ilands, but put straight to Sea: whom all the Fleet followed sauing three and thirty, which being in the Riuer further then he, and at the entrance of the same, finding the winde and tide too hard against them, were inforced [ 30] to cast ancre there for that night; amongst whom, by good fortune, was the Foresight, and in her Sir Edward Norris. And the night following, Generall Norris being driuen from the rest of the Fleet by a great storme (for all that day was the greatest storme we had all the time we were out) came againe into the Ilands, but not without great perill, he being forced to turst to a Spanish Fisher-man (who was taken two dayes before at Sea) to bring him in.

The next morning he called a counsell of as many as he found there, holding the purpose hee had concluded with Sir Francis Drake the day before, and directed all their courses for England tarrying there all that day to water and helpe such with victuall, as were left in wonderfull di∣stresse by hauing the victuals that came last, carried away the day before to Sea.

The next day he set saile, and the tenth day after, which was the second of Iuly came into * 1.45 [ 40] Plimmouth, where he found Sir Francis Drake and all the Queenes ships, with many of the others but not all: for the Fleete was dispersed into other harbours, some led by a desire of returning from whence they came, and some being possessed of the hulkes, sought other Ports from their Generals eye, where they might make their priuate commoditie of them, as they haue done to their great aduantage: Presently vpon their arriuall there, the Generals dissolued all the ar∣mie sauing eight companies which are yet held together, giuing euery Souldier fiue shillings in money, and the armes he bare to make money of, which was more then could by any meanes be due vnto them: for they were not in seruice three moneths, in which time they had their vi∣ctuals, which no man will value at lesse then halfe their pay, for such is the allowance in her Ma∣iesties ships to her Mariners, so as there remained but ten shillings a moneth to be paid, for which [ 50] there was not any priuate man but had apparell and furniture to his owne vse, so as euery com∣mon Souldier discharged, receiued more in money, victuals, apparell, and furniture, then his pay did amount vnto.

Notes

• * 1.1

  A briefe re∣hearsall of the English exploits in this voyage,
• * 1.2

  Generall No••∣r•••• and Gene∣rall Drake.
• * 1.3

  Gen••rall Nor∣ris his Martiall edu••ation and employments.
• * 1.4

  Earle of Essex his worthy Acts.
• * 1.5

  Our men land within a mile of the G••••ine the 20. of April.
• * 1.6

  Intemperate drinking cause of sicknesse.
• * 1.7

  N•••• voyage to England inten∣ded.
• * 1.8

  Gallion burnt.
• * 1.9

  Dangerous fire
• * 1.10

  Vndermining.
• * 1.11

  Prouisions brought in.
• * 1.12

  Tower falleth.
• * 1.13

  〈1 line〉〈1 line〉
• * 1.14

  Conde de An∣drada his Ar∣mie.
• * 1.15

  The notable ouerthrow gi∣uen to the Spa∣niards at Puen∣te de Burgos.
• * 1.16

  Earle of Essex comes to them.
• * 1.17

  They land at Peniche.
• * 1.18

  Peniche taken.
• * 1.19

  They march towards Li〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.20

  Good disci∣pline.
• * 1.21

  Want of 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.22

  Some died with drinking water.
• * 1.23

  Earle of Essex his attempt.
• * 1.24

  They come to the suburbs of Lisbon.
• * 1.25

  Houses burnt by the Portu∣gall••.
• * 1.26

  Colonell Bret fl••ine.
• * 1.27

  Their retrait, and chase by E. Essex.
• * 1.28

  Gen. Drakes comming.
• * 1.29

  Cascai•• forsa∣ken.
• * 1.30

  Ships taken.
• * 1.31

  Consultation.
• * 1.32

  Don Antonies promises frustrate.
• * 1.33

  They m••••h frpm Lisban.
• * 1.34

  The riches that they might haue gotten at Lisbon.
• * 1.35

  Desire of the English to fight
• * 1.36

  Feare of the enemies.
• * 1.37

  Castle of Cas∣cais yeelded.
• * 1.38

  Sixtie Hulkes brought.
• * 1.39

  Cardinall Al∣bert after mar∣ried to the In∣fanta and Ru∣ler of the Spa∣nish Port of the Low Countries.
• * 1.40

  Morocco Em∣bassadour.
• * 1.41

  Bayon.
• * 1.42

  Vigo taken.
• * 1.43

  Borsis burned.
• * 1.44

  Vig•• burned.
• * 1.45

  Their returne to Plimmouth.