Purchas his pilgrimes. part 4 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. XI.

Octagesimus Octauus mirabilis Annus.

The Popes Bull, the King of Spaines preparations, the Duke of Medinas Expe∣dition, the Duke of Parmas Forces, for the inuasion of England: diuers Sea-fights twixt the English and Spanish Fleets, the Sea flight of the Spanish, and miserable disasters in their returne. Their lies. The Queens Religious Triumph.

SIxtus Quintus, by diuine prouidence, vniuersall Pastor of the Flock of Christ, to whom by continued and lawfull succession, the administration and charge of the Catholike Church * 1.1 [ 10] pertaineth; taking into consideration the miseries and calamities whereinto the famous Kingdomes of England and Ireland had falne, which in times past were commended so much for Vertues, Religion, and Christian Pietie and Obedience, and now by the im∣pious and vniust Empire of Elizabeth pretended Queene, and a few adhering to her, not onely to haue come to a dissolute estate and dangerous to it selfe, but also as infected and venemous mem∣bers are wont to cause infection and disease to the whole body of Christians: and wanting there the due re∣medies which elswhere by help of Christian Princes he vseth, to preuent abuses & to maintaine Ecclesiasti∣call discipline: For asmuch as Henry the Eight, late King of England, a Rebell and forsaker of the Sea Apostolike, separated himselfe and his from the communion of Christians by force, and Elizabeth the pre∣sent Vsurper perseuereth therein, not without great commotion and danger of the Neighbour Regions, [ 20] shewing her selfe obstinate and impenitent, so that there is no hope that those Kingdomes may at any time be reformed and reduced to the exercise of Christian Religion, true peace and quietnesse, except shee be de∣priued of the administration of the Kingdome.

Therefore our most holy Father desiring (as his Office requireth) to prouide for this euill, with pre∣sent and strong remedies inspired to him from God, to the health of the vniuersall Church, incited as well by his owne, as his predecessors affection and zeale, alway borne toward England; and moued by the con∣tinuall sollicitation, vehement and importunate exhortation of very many, and those principall men of the said Nation; hee hath vsed great diligence with diuers Princes, and especially with the Mightie and Ca∣tholike King of Spaine, imploring his aide hereunto, by the reuerence which hee beareth the Roman Sea, by the old friendship and consanguinitie which his Family hath had with the Kings of England, by his singular [ 30] charitie and beneuolence formerly shewed to the Catholikes of that Countrey; for obtaining by that meanes his desire of peace and quietnesse in his Neighbour Prouinces, for his studie and readinesse towards the propagation of Catholike Religion, and lastly for the furtherance of the common good of Europe; hath besought him to confer all the Forces which God almightie hath giuen him hereunto, that that Wo∣man may bee deiected from her degree, and that the euill men and hurtfull to mankind, which adhere to her may be punished, and that Kingdome may bee reduced to certaine reformation and quietnesse, from which great good and many commodities to the Common-wealth might be to be expected. Wherefore that bee might make knowns to all the world the Iustice of this Cause, and the Subiects also of that Kingdome might fully he satisfied, likewise that hee might denounce the iust iudgement of God against her; It hath seemed meet to his Holinesse, with the Declaratory Sentence made against this Woman, to shew the cause [ 40] also why he had so proceeded against her.

First, because shee is an Heretike a 1.2 and Schismatike b 1.3 and therefore excommunicated of two Popes, his predecessors, contumacious, disobedient to God and the supreme c 1.4 Sea: Also shee tooke to her selfe with presumptious vsurpation supreme Authoritie and Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction ouer the Soules d 1.5 of Men, against Nature, Reason, against all Lawes Diuine and Humane; and that as well by vertue of the sentences giuen by Clement the Seuenth, and Paul the Third, as of the publike declaration of King Henry her Father. Thirdly, because shee vsurped the Kingdome against all right, not onely in regard of the impediments aforesaid, but also against the old Contracts in times past made betwixt the Sea Apo∣stolike and the Kingdome of England in the time of Henry the Second, when the said Kingdome recon∣ciled if selfe to the Roman Sea, for the murther of Saint Thomas of Canturbury. At which time it [ 50] was agreed e 1.6, that none should bee taken for lawfull King of England without consent of the Great Bi∣shop; which conuention or contract was after renewed by King Iohn, and confirmed by Oath Which thing was most profitable, and so established by the request of the Nobilitie and People.

For many and grieuous iniuries f 1.7, extorsions, and other wrongs perpetrated by her and by others, through her permission, against the distressed innocent Subiects of both Kingdomes.

For seditions and rebellions betwixt the Inhabitants of neighbour Prouinces, raised against their lawful Magistrate and g 1.8 naturall Prince, by which shee seduced innumerable Soules and many potent Regions.

For entertainment h 1.9 giuen to Fugitiue Heretikes, and Rebells, wicked and publike malefactors, and vndertaking their protection, to the great losse and detriment of Christian Regions.

Also for sending to and procuring the Turke, that our mightie i 1.10 and cruell Enemy, to inuade Chri∣stendome and disturbe k 1.11 the setled Peace.

For the horrible and l 1.12 long persecution of the Saints of God, for holy m 1.13 B B. ill handled, spoyled, im∣prisoned, and diuers torments and miserable tortures and slaughters done to the members of the holy and Catholike Church.

For the inhumane and vniust imprisonment and crueltie, lately exercised against the most gracions Princesse, Mary Queene of Scotland, which had fled into England, hauing first n 1.14 receiued promise of securitie, pretection, and aide.

For abolishing the true Catholike Religion o 1.15, the profanation of holy Sacraments, also of Monaste∣ries p 1.16, Temples, Persons consecrated to the memory of Saints, and all other things which make or may help to eternall life.

And concerning Secular affaires q 1.17 and the State politike, for that the ancient Nobilitie being reiec∣ted and excluded, shee hath promoted obscure and vnworthy men to Ciuill and Ecclesiasticall dignities; and by this meanes hath made a sale of Lawes and Rights; and lastly for the absolute tyranny r 1.18 which shee vsurpeth and continually exerciseth, to the great contempt of God, oppression of the miserable s 1.19 People, the losse of Soules, and destruction of Countries.

Wherefore seeing those offences are of that nature and moment, that some make her vncapable of the kingdome, others make her vnworthy of life, his Holinesse by the power of Almightie God, and of Apo∣stolicall [ 20] authoritie committed to him, doth renew the sentence of his predecessors, Pius the Fifth, and Grego∣ry t 1.20 the Thirteenth, whereby the said Elizabeth is excommunicated and depriued of her Kingdome. And now by these present Letters, the same Elizabeth againe excommunicateth and depriueth of all Royall Dignitie, Titles, Rights and pretences to the said Kingdomes of England and Ireland; declaring her ille∣gitimate, and a true Usurper of the Kingdomes; and absoluing the Subiects of that Land, and all o∣thers from all dutie u 1.21 of Dominion, Fidelitie and Obedience, and from the Oath x 1.22 giuen to her or to any of her substitutes.

Further, expresly commanding vnder paine of the anger y 1.23 of God Almightie, that none of whatsoeuer condition or degree, after hee shall haue notice hereof; doe presume to yeeld her any obedience, fauour, or ayde whatsoeuer: but that all may imploy all their power and indenour, that due punishment may be taken [ 30] of her; that shee at length, which hath separated her selfe by many wayes from God and his Church, see∣ing her selfe for saken and destitute of all worldly refuge, may be brought to acknowledge her fault, and to subiect her selfe to the iudgement of the most High, with all submission.

And therefore commands all and euery the Inhabitants of the said Kingdomes, and all others, that with all their power they execute the premisses, withdrawing all helpe publike and priuate from the said per∣son and her adherents: and that as soone as they shall be hereof certisied, they ioyne themselues to the Ca∣tholike Armie, led by the Illustrious and victorious Prince Alexander Farnesius, Duke of Parma, and Deputie of the Catholike King; with all the forces they can gather, that they may assist the said depriua∣tion and punishment of the parties afore said, and the restitution of the holy Catholike Religion, decla∣ring that all which shall show themselues disobedient z 1.24 to this Mandate, shall not escape deserued punishments.

Be it knowne further to all men, that it is not the purpose of his Holinesse, the Catholike King, or the said Dukes Highnesse, in this Expedition, to oppresse the said Kingdomes, or thereof to make conquest, or to alter the Lawes, Priuiledges or Customes thereof, or to depriue any man there, of his libertie or life (except the rebellious and contumacious) or to bring any change a 1.25, besides that which shall be iudged fit by common voyces of his Holinesse, the Catholike Maiesty and the States of that Kingdome, to the resto∣ring and continuing of the Catholike Religion, and the punishment of that Usurper and her adherents: Certifying and securing all, that all controuersies which may happen by the depriuation of that Woman (whether they shall arise about priuate mens affaires, or about the Royall Succession, or betwixt the Clergy and Laity, or whatsoeuer other discords) they shall be all compounded and decided according to the Lawes, [ 50] Iustice, and Christian equitie, without any iniury or damage. Neither shall it onely bee prouided conue∣niently that the Catholikes which haue suffered so many euills be not spoyled, but fauour is also granted to all others, which being penitent shall submit themselues vnto the Chiefe Commander of the Army. And

whereas by due information made, wee are giuen to vnderstand that there are many innocents, which through ignorance of Christian Faith hauing falne, haue hitherto erred onely of ignorance, being neuer∣thelesse reckoned amongst Heretikes: wee purpose not at all to punish such persons, but to in••ure pati∣ently, till by conference of learned men, and good sound counsells, they may be better instructed touching the truth; and not shew themselues obstinate, but desirous to preuent the effusion of Christian bloud, and destruction of Countries which may be expected by the resistance of some wicked principall aduersaries.

Therefore by these Presents wee declare, that it is not onely lawfull for all, as well publike as priuate * 1.26 persons, besides those which haue vndertaken this Expedition, to lay band on the said Vsurper, and other her adherents, to take them and deliuer them to the Catholike side; but also this deed shall bee esteemed of vs for a faithfull and singular seruice. and shall be recompenced with very great rewards, according to the qualitie of the persons taken or betrayed. All others also which heretofore haue giuen ayde, or shall [ 10] hereafter assist to the punishment of the euill, and the restitution of Catholike Religion in those King∣domes, shall receiue their reward and recompence, increased by vs in Dignities and Honours, as their good and faithfull seruice to the Common-wealth shall desire. Wherein as much as may be, care shall be had that reckoning and respect be holden of the antient and honourable Houses and Stockes of the said Kingdomes. Lastly, free accesse and safe conduct by these Presents is granted to all men, which will ioyne themselues to the Catholike Armie, and will bring thereto prouision, furniture of warre, and other necessaries, full and liberall satisfaction is promised for all things, which for the seruice and commoditie of the said Armie shall be supplied by them. And all are admonished and plainly commanded, that they doe their vtmost in∣deuour and diligence, that by their meanes cause may bee remoued of vsing force in punishing those which shall neglect this Precept. [ 20]

Further more the * 1.27 Holy Father, in his fatherly loue and singular affection to this Expedition, out of the Spirituall Treasure * 1.28 of the holy Church (which is committed to his custody and dispensation) doth libe∣rally grant plenary Indulgences and remission of Sins, to all those which shall bring any aid or fauour to the depriuation and punishing of the said persons, and the reformation of both Kingdomes: to wit, after due pe∣nance, Contrition and Confession had according to the Lawes of God and Men, and the receiued custome amongst Christians.

NOw that all might bee carried more closely, and that this Expedition might seeme made a∣gainst the Low-countries, rather then the English, a solemne meeting was appointed first neer Ostend, after at Bronckburg in Flanders for a treaty of peace with the Queene of England. Henry [ 30] Earle of Derby, the Lord Cobham, Sir Iames Croft, D. Dale, D. Rogers were sent. Richardot plainly said that he knew not what might be put in practise in the meane time against England. But the Prince and he being demanded if their were any enterprise of inuading England, they vtterly de∣nied any thoughts therof. Count Aremberg, Campignie, Richardot, Maes & Garnier were the Prin∣ces Delegates, and professed that they had sufficient Commission for treaty of peace. First a truce was propounded by the English and by them ••e••••ed. Then the English required that the ancient leagues betwixt the Kings of England and the House of Burgundy might be renewed and confir∣med, that the Low-countrimen might iniov their priuiledges and libertie of conscience, that Spa∣niards and forraine forces might be remoued, that neither they nor their neighbours should haue cause to feare; and then the Queene would redeliuer her foure Cautionary Townes. They whiled [ 40] them with such answere as suted to their purposes, and long adoe was made in weauing and vn∣weauing Penelopes web, till the Spanish Armada was vpon the Coast, and the very Ordnance pro∣claimed in their eares a surcease from further illusions. Then did Parma dismisse them, pulled off his Visor, vncasing the Fox, and truly appearing in the Lions skin. But let vs now come to take view of this Fleet, and the preparations made for it.

The King of Spaine hauing with small fruit, aboue twenty yeeres together waged warre against the Netherlands, after deliberation with his Counsellours thereabout, thought it most conuenient to assault them once again by Sea, which had bin attempted sundry times heretofore, but not with forces sufficient. Vnto the which expedition it stood him now in hand to ioine great puissance, as hauing the English people his professed enemies; whose Iland is so situate, that it may either great∣ly [ 50] helpe or hinder all such as faile into those parts. For which cause he thought good first of all to inuade England, being perswaded by his Secretary Escouedo, and by diuers other well experienced Spaniards and Dutchmen, and by many English fugitiues, that the conquest of that Iland was lesse difficult, then the conquest of Holland and Zealand. Moreouer the Spaniards were of opinion, that it would be farre more behoouefull for their King to conquer England and the Low countries all at once, then to bee constrained continually to maintaine a warlike Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleets, from the English Drake, and from such like valiant enemies.

And for the same purpose the King Catholike, had giuen commandement long before in Italy & Spaine, that a great quantitie of timber should be felled for the building of Ships; and had besides [ 60] made great preparation of things and furniture requisite for such an expedition as namely in foun∣ding of brasen Ord••ance, in storing vp of corn and victuals, in training of men to vse warlike wea∣pons, in leuying and mustering of Souldiers: insomuch that about the beginning of the yeer 1588. he had finished such a mightie Nauie, & brought it into Lisbon Hauen, as neuer the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean Sea.

A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by the Spaniards, the translated copy whereof, in perp••tuam r••i memoriam, to incite English thankfulnesse, I haue here inserted, but abridged.

Squadron of the Galeons of Portugall.

THe Galeon S. Martin, Captain Generall of the Armie,, of 1000. tuns, carrieth 177. Mariners, 3••0. Souldiers, chosen men, 50. Peeces of Canon, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Cord, and all that which is needfull.

The Galeon S. Iohn, Admirall Generall, of 1050. tuns, carrieth 170. Mariners, 231. Souldiers, 50. Peeces of Canons, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Cords, and that which is necessary. [ 10]

The Galeon of S. Marke is of 792. tuns, and carrieth 292. Souldiers, 117. Mariners, and Powder, Bullets, Lead, Match, as much as is needfull.

The Galeon S. Philip, of 800. tuns, hath 415. Souldiers, 117. Mariners, 40. Peeces of Artillery, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that is needfull.

The Galeon S. Lewes 830. tuns, hath 376. men of Warre, and 116. Mariners, 40. Peeces of Ord∣nance, and Bullets, Match, Powder, and other things as much as is needfull.

The Galeon of S. Mathew 750. tuns, 177. men of Warre, 50. Mariners, 40. great Peeces, and Powder, Bullets, Lead, Match, and all other things as much as is needfull.

The Galeon S. Iames 520. tunnes, 300. Souldiers, 100. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which is needfull. [ 20]

The Galeon of Florence, of 961. tuns, 300. Souldiers, 100. Mariners, 52. Peeces of Ordnance, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all the rest as much as is needfull.

The Galeon S. Christopher, 352. tuns, 300. men of Warre, 90. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Lead, Powder, Match, and all that which they need.

The Galeon S. Bernard, 352. tuns, hath 280. Souldiers, 100. Mariners, 30. Canons, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and other necessary things as much as they need.

The Zabra Augusta, of 166. tuns, carrieth 55. Souldiers, 55. Mariners, 13. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and other necessary things as much as they need.

The Zabra Iulia, of 166. tuns, 60. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, with Ordnance, Bullets, Powder, and other necessaries.

There is in this Squadron, 1••. Vessells, 10. of them Galeons, and two Zabres, which are of 7737. tuns. & [ 30] there are imbarked in them 3330. Souldiers footmen, & 1230 mariners, which are in sum 4624. men, & they carry 350. great Peeces, and all that which is necessary to the rest, as bullets, powder, match, lead, &c.

THe Ship S. Angell, the Captaine is of 768. tuns, and hath 323. men of War, 114. Mariners, 30. * 1.29 Canons, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which is needfull. The Gangrin, Admirall of 1160. tuns, carrieth 300. Souldiers, 100. Mariners, 36. great Peeces of Canons, Bullets, Powder, Match Lead, and all that which is needfull. The Vessell of S. Iames, 660. tuns, hath 250. Souldiers, 102. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and other necessary prouisions. The Conception of Zub••lzu, 468. tuns, hath 100. men of War, and 70. Mariners, 20. great Canons, and [ 40] Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all other necessary things. The Conception de I••a••es del Cauo, 418. tuns, hath 164. men of Warre, 70. Mariners, 24. great Peeces, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which they need. The Magdalene of Iohn Frauncis of Ayala, 330. tuns, car∣rieth 200. Souldiers, 70. Mariners, 22. great Peeces, and Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and that which is necessary to the rest. The S〈…〉〈…〉p S. Iohn, 350. tuns, hath 130. men of Warre, and 80. Mari∣ners, and 24. great Peeces, B••llets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which they need for the rest. The Mary of 165. tuns, carrieth 180. Souldiers, and 100. Mariners, 24. great Peeces, Bullets, Pow∣der, Lead, Match, and other necessary things. The Manuela of 520. tuns, hath 130. Souldiers, 54. Mariners, 16. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match and the rest of their fraught. The Ship of S. Mary of Monte-maior, of 707. tuns, 220. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, [ 50] Powder, Lead, and Match, and other prouisions. The Pinnace, called the Marie of Aguiare, of 70. tuns, hath 30. men of War, 23. Mariners, 10. Peeces, of Canon, Powder, Bullets, Lead, Match, and other necessary things. The Pinnace, called Isabella, of tuns, hath 30. Souldiers, 23. Mariners, 12, Canons, Bullets, and other necessary things. The Pinnace of Michel Sus••, of 96. tuns, 30. Soul∣diers, 24. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all other necessary things. The Pinnace of S. Steuen, of 78. tuns, hath 30. men of Warre, 26. Mariners, 12. Peeces of Canon, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all other necessary things of prouision.

There is in this Squadron, 14. Ships, ten of them great, and foure Pinnaces, which are of 6567. tuns of burden, in which Ships bee imbarked 2037. Souldiers, 868. Mariners, which make in all 2802. and * 1.30 260. great Peeces of Canon, 119000. Bullets, 467. Quintals of Powder, 140. of Lead, 89. of Match. [ 60]

THe Galeon S. Christopher, Captaine of 70. tuns, hath 205. men of Wa••re, and 120. Mariners, and 40. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which is necessary to the rest. The Galeon S. Iohn Baptist, of 750. tuns hath 250. Souldiers, 140. M••••••ne••s, ••0. great Peeces, &

bullets, Powder, lead, Match, & other necessary things. The Galeon S. Peter, of 530. tuns, 130. men of Warre, 140. Mariners, and 40. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest need∣full. The Galeon S. Iohn, of 530. tuns, 170. Souldiers, 120. Mariners, and 30. great Peeces, Powder, Bullets, Lead, Match, and all the rest. The Galeon S. Iames the great, of 530. tuns, 230. Souldiers, 132. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all the rest. The Galeon S. Philip, and S. Iames, of 530. tuns, 159. Souldiers, and 116. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Pow∣der, Match, Lead, and all that is necessary. The Galeon of the Ascension, of 530. tuns, 220. Souldi∣ers, 114. Mariners, and 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all other necessary things. The Galeon of our Lady del Barri••, of 130. tuns, 170. Souldiers, 108. Mariners, and 30. Canons, Bullets, Powder, Lead, and all other necessary furnitures. The Galeon of S. Medel and Celedon, of 530. tuns, 170. Souldiers, 110. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, [ 10] and all the rest. Galeon S. Anne of the Port, of 250. tuns, 100. men of Warre, and 80. Mariners, 24. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Ship of our Lord of Vigonia, 750. tuns, 190. men of Warre, and 130. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Vessell of the Trinite••, of 780. tuns, 200. Souldiers, 12••. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Ship of S. Katherine, of 86••. tuns, 200. men of Warr, 160. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, and Powder, Bullets, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Ship of S. Iohn Baptist, of 652. tuns, 200. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 30. Canons, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Pinnace of our Lord Rosary, 30. Souldiers, 25. Mariners, 24. great Pee∣ces, Powder, Bullets, Lead, Match, and the rest of their prouision. [ 20]

There are in this Squadron, fourteene Galeons and Ships, and two Pinnaces, which beare 8714. tuns. In these Vessells there are imbarked 2458. Souldiers, 1719. Mariners, which are in all, 4177. and 348. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all that which they need.

THe Captaine Ship of 1550. tuns, carrieth 304. men of War, 118. Mariners, 50. Canons, Pow∣der, * 1.31 Bullets, and the rest of their prouision. The Ship S. Francis, the Admirall of 915. tuns, 230. Souldiers, 60. Mariners, 30. Canons, Powder, Bullets, and the rest of their prouision. The Galeon S. Iohn Baptist, of 810. tuns 250. Souldiers, and 40. Mariners, 40. great Peeces, Powder, Bullets, Match, Lead, and the rest. The Ship S. Iohn Gargaran, of 569. tuns, 170. men of War, 60. Mariners, 20. great Peeces, Powder, Bullets, Match, Lead, and the rest. The Conception of 862. tuns, 200. men of War, 65. Mariners, 25. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Hulke Duque∣sa, [ 30] S. Anne of 900. tuns, 250. men of War, and 80. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Powder, Bullets, Match, Lead, and all the rest. The Trinitie, 650. tuns, 200. men of Warre, 80. Mariners, 20. Canons, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and the rest. The Ship S. Mary de Iuncar, of 730. tuns, 240. men of War, 80. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all the rest. The Pinnace of the Holy Ghost, 40. men of War, 33. Mariners, 10. Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match and Cord, and all that which they need.

There are in this Squadron 11. Ships, 10. great, and a Pin••ace, of the burden of 8762. tuns, in which are imbarked 2400. Souldiers, 800. Mariners, and 260. great Peeces.

THe Ship of S. Anne, the Captaine, of ••200. tuns of burden, hath 300. men of Warre, 60. Ma∣riners, * 1.32 [ 40] 50. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, and all the rest. The Ship of our Lord of the Rose, Admirall of 945. tuns, 230. Souldiers, 64. Mariners, and 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all the rest. The Ship S. Sauior, of 958. tuns, 330. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 30. Canons, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and the rest: The Ship of S. Steuen, of 936. tuns, 200. men of Warre, 70. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, Bullets, Powder, Lead, Match, and all the rest. The Ship of S. Marthe of 548. tuns, 180. men of Warre, 70. Mariners, 25. great Peeces, bullets, powder, and the rest. The ship. S. Barbe of 525. tuns, 160. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 15. Canons, bullets, powder, lead, match, and all the rest. The ship of S. Bonauenture, of 369. tuns, 170. Souldiers, 60. Mariners, 15. great Peeces, bullets, powder, lead, and the rest. The Mary of 291. tuns, 120. Souldiers, 40. Ma∣riners, 15. great Peeces, bullets, powder, lead, and the rest. The S. Croix 680. tuns, 150. Souldiers 40. [ 50] Mariners, 20. great Peeces, bullets, powder, match, lead, and the rest. The Hulke Doucella, 500. tuns, 160. men of War, 40. Mariners, 18. great Peeces, powder, bullets, match, lead and all the rest. The Patax of the Annunciation of 60. tuns, 30. men of War, 16. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, bullets, powder, match, lead, and all the rest. The Patax S. Bernabe, is the same burden as the aforenamed. The Patax of our Lady of Guadaloupe is of the same burden also. The Pinnace of Magdelene, is also the same burden.

There are in this Squadron, 14. Ships, ten great Ships, two Pataches, and two Pinnaces, of 6991. tuns of burden. In which Uessels, there are imbarked 2092. men of Warre, and 670. Mariners, all com∣meth 2708. * 1.33

THe Regasona, the Captaine, which is of 1294. tuns, hath 350. Souldiers, 90. Mariners, 35. great Peeces, powder, bullets, lead, match, and all the rest: The Lama, the Admirall, of 728. tuns, 210. Souldiers, 80. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, powder, bullets, lead, match, and all the rest.

The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 S. Mary crowned of 820. tuns, 340. men of Warre, 90. Mariners, 40. great Peeces, pow∣der, bullets, match, lead, and the rest. The S. Iohn of Cicile, of 880. tuns, 290. men of Warre, 70. Mariners. 30. Canons, and all the rest. The Trinitie Valencera, of a 1000. tuns, 240. Souldiers: 90. Mariners, 41. great Peeces, and all the rest of their furnitures. The Annuntiation of 730. tuns, 200. Souldiers, 90. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, and all the rest. The S. Nicholas Proda••eli of 834. tunnes 280. Sou••••ers, 84. Mariners, 30. great Peeces, and all the rest. The Iuli••••e of 780. ••uns, 330. Soul∣diers, 80. Mariners, 36. great Peeces, and the rest. The Mary Pison of 666. tuns, 250. Souldiers, 80. Mariners, 22. great Peeces, and the rest of their need. The Trinitie Escala of 900. tunnes, 302. Souldiers, 25. great Peeces, and all the rest of their furniture.

In which Squadron there ••••e ten Ships which are of 7705. tuns of burthen, and there are imbarked [ 10] in them 2880. Souldiers, 807. Mariners, 310. great Peeces, with the rest of that they haue.

THe great Grison, the Captaine, of 650. tuns, 250. Souldiers, 60. Mariners, 40. great Peeces, and * 1.34 [ 60] the rest. The S. Sauior the Admirall of 650. tuns, 230. Souldiers, 60. Mariners, 30. great Peeces and the rest of their prouision. The Sea Dog, of 200. tuns, 80. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 10. great Peeces, and the rest. The White Faulcon the great of 500. tuns, 160. men of Warre, 40. Mariners, 18. great Peeces, and all the rest. The Blacke Castle of 750. tuns, 250. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 25. great Peeces, and all the rest. The Barke of Amb••••g, of 600. tuns, 250. men of War. 50. Mariners, 25. Canons, and the rest. The House of peace the great, of the same burthen. The S. Peter the great of the same burthen also. The Sampson, and Peter the small, doe beare the same. The Barke of Au∣z••que, [ 20] of 450. tuns, 210. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 26. great Peeces, and the rest of their prouision. The Falcon, the meane White, of 300. tuns, 80. men of War, 30. Mariners, 18. great Peeces, and all the rest. The S. Andrew of 400. tuns, 160. Souldiers. 40. Mariners, 15. great Peeces, and the rest of their prouision. The Little house of peace, of 350. tuns, 160. Souldiers, 40. Mariners, 15. great Pee∣ces, and the rest of their prouision. The Flying Rauen of 400. tuns, 210. Souldiers 40. Mariners, 18. great Peeces, and the rest of their furniture.

THe White Doue. of 250. tuns, 60. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, and the rest. The * 1.35 Aduenture, S. Barbe fraughted of the same. The S. Iames 600. tuns, 60. Souldiers, 40. Mari∣ners, 19. great Peeces, and all the rest. S. Gabriel of the Port, of 280. tuns, 50. Souldiers, 25. Mari∣ners, [ 30] 9. great Peeces, and the rest of their furniture. The Esay is fraughted of the same.

There are in this Squadron 23. Hulkes, which are of 10271. tuns, in the which are imbarked 3221. men of Warre, 708. Mariners, 410. great peeces, and their necessary prouision.

The Captaine of our Lord of Pilier of Zaragosse of 300. tunnes, 120. Souldiers, 50. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, and their furniture. The English Charity, of 180. tuns, 80. Souldiers, 36. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, and the rest. The Scottish S. Andrew of 150. tuns, 51. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 12. great Peeces, and their furniture. The Patache of the Crucifix, 150. tuns, 50. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 8. great Peeces, and their furniture. Our Lord of the Hauen fraught alike. The Conception of Carassa, and our Lord of Begoua, and the Conception de Capitillo, and S. Hioros. being of the burthen of 60. or 70. tuns, 50. Souldiers, 30. Mariners, 8. great Peeces, a Peece, and their furniture. Our Lady of grace, [ 40] the Conception of Frauncys Lastero, our Lady of Guadalupe, S. Frauncys, the Holy Spirit, our Lady of Frenesda, all fraughted alike. The Zabra of the Trinitie, the Zabra of our Lady Castre, S. Andrew, the Conception of Zomartiba, S. Clere, S. Iohn of Carassa, and the Assumption, all fraughted alike.

There are in this Squadron 22. Pataches and Zabres, which are of the burthen of 113. tuns, in the which there are imbarked 479. Souldiers, 574. Mariners, and ther•• is 193. great Peeces, and all their furniture.

THe Galeace the Captaine called S. Lawrence, hath 270. Souldiers, 130. Mariners, 300. Slaues, 50. Peeces of Canon, and their furniture. The Galeace Patrone, 180. Souldiers, 112. Mariners, * 1.36 300. Slaues, 50. great Peeces, and their furniture. The Galeace G••rone, 170. Souldiers, 120. Mari∣ners, [ 50] 300. Slaues, 50. great Peeces. The Galeace Neapolitaine 124. Souldiers, 115. Mariners, 300. Slaues, 50. great Peeces, and the rest of their necessary fraught.

There are in these foure Galeaces 873. Souldiers, 468. Mariners, 200. great Peeces, 1200. Slaues, and the rest of their furniture.

The Gally Captaine, 110. Souldiers, 106. Mariners, 306. Slaues, and fiftie great Peeces, and other necessaries. The Gally Princesse, the Gally Diana, the Gally Vaca••a, are the like.

In the aboue named Galeaces, there are 1200. Slaues, and in the foure gallies, 888. which is in all 2088. Moreouer, they carry powder for their need, if it be offered to doe battery, 600. Quintals.

So that there are in the said Army 130. Ships of 57868. tuns, 19295. Souldiers and 8450. Mariners, 2088. Slaues, and 2630. great Peeces of Brasse of all sorts, among which there are Coleurines, and de [ 60] my Coleurines, and Canons to the Stone, and other necessaries for their fraught.

In the Booke follow the names of the Aduenturers, also of such as in the Army were entertai∣ned for pay; such also as were imbarked for the seruice of the Canon, for the Hospitall, the R••gi∣ments, and Companies in pay, the Officers, &c. which for breuitie I••••it.

The Galeons were sixtie foure in number, being of an huge bignesse, and verie stately built, be∣ing * 1.37 of marueilous force also, and so high, that they resembled great Castles, most fit 〈◊〉〈◊〉 defend themselues and to withstand any assault, but in giuing any other Ships the encounter farre inferi∣our vnto the English and Dutch Ships, which can with great dexteritie weild & turne themselues at all ass〈…〉〈…〉. The vpper worke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength sufficient to beare off Musket-shot. The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of measure strong, be∣ing framed for plankes and ribs foure or fiue foot in thicknesse, insomuch that no bullets could pierce them, but such as were discharged hard at hand: which afterward proued true, for a great number of bullets were found to sticke fast within the massie substance of those thicke plankes. Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the masts of their Ships, to strengthen them [ 10] against the battery of shot.

The Galliasses were of such bignesse, that they contained within them Chambers, Chappels, * 1.38 Turrets, Pulpits, and other commodities of great houses. The Galliasses were rowed with great Oares, there being in each of them 300. slaues for the same purpose; and were able to ••ot great seruice with the force of their Ordnance. All these together with the residue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were furnished and beautified with Trumpets, Streamers, Banners, warlike Ensignes, and other such like ornaments. * 1.39

Their Pieces of Brasen Ordnance were 1600. and of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 1000. The Bullets there to belonging were 120. thousand. Item of Gunpowder 5600. quintals Of Match 1200. quintals. Of Muskets and Kal••••uers 7000. Of Halberts and Partisans 10000. Moreouer, they had great store of Canons, [ 20] double Canons, Culuerings and field-pieces for land seruice.

Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on Land to conueigh and transport * 1.40 their furniture from place to place; as namely of Carbs, Wheeles, Wagons, &c. Also they had Spades, Mattocks and Baskets to set pioners on worke. They had in like sort great store of Mules and Horses, and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a Land-armie. They were so well stored of Biscuit, that for the space of halfe a yeere, they might allow each person in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall euery moneth: whereof the whole 〈◊〉〈◊〉 amounteth vnto an hundreth thou∣sand quintals.

Likewise of Wine they had 147. thousand Pipes, sufficient also for halfe a yeeres expedition. Of Bacon 6500. quintals. Of Cheese three thousand quintals. Besides Fish, Rice, Beanes, Pease, [ 30] Oyle, Vinegar, &c.

Moreouer, they had 12000. Pipes of fresh water, and all other necessarie prouision; as namely Candies, Lanternes, Lampes, Sa••les, Hempe, Oxe-hides and Lead to stop holes that should be made with the batterie of Gun••hot. To be short, they brought all things expedient either for a Fleete by Sea, or for an A••••ie by land.

This Name (as Diego Pimentelli afterward confessed) was esteemed by the King himselfe to * 1.41 containe 32000. persons, and to cost him euery day 30. thousand Ducates.

There were in the said Nauie fiue Terzaes of Spaniards (which Terzaes the Frenchmen call Re∣giments) vnder the command of fiue Gouernours, tearmed by the Spaniards Masters of the field, and amongst the rest there were many old and expert Souldiers chosen out of the Garrisons of [ 40] Sicilie, Naples, and Terçera. Their Captaines or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli, Don Francisco de Toledo, Don Alonzo de Lucon, Don Nicolas de Isla, Don Augustin de Mexia: who had each of them two and thirty Companies vnder their conduct. Besides the which Companies there were many bands also of Castilians and Portugals, euery one of which had their peculiar Gouernours, Captaines, Officers, Colours and weapons.

It was not lawfull for any man, vnder grieuous penaltie, to carry any woman or harlots in the * 1.42 Fleete: for which cause the women hired certaine Ships, wherein they sailed after the Nauie: some of the which being driuen by tempest arriued vpon the coast of France.

The Generall of this mightie Nauie, was Don Alonso Perez de Guzman Duke of Medina, Sido∣nia, Lord of S. Lucar, and Knight of the golden Fleece: by reason that the Marquesse of Santa [ 50] Cruz appointed for the same dignity, deceased before the time.

Iohn Martines de Ricalde was Admirall of the Fleete.

Francis Bouadilla was chiefe Marshall: who all of them had their officers fit and requisite for the guiding and managing of such a multitude. Likewise Martin Alorcon was appointed Vicar generall of the Inquisition, being accompanied with more ••hen a hundreth Monkes, to wit, Iesu∣ites, Capuchines, and Friers Mendicant. Besides whom also there were Phisitians, Chirurgians, A∣pothecaries, and whatsoeuer else pertained vnto the Hospitall.

Ouer and besides the forenamed Gouernours and Officers, being men of chiefe note, there were 124 very noble and worthy Gentlemen, which went voluntarily of their owne costs and charges, to the end they might see fashions, learne experience, and attaine vnto glory. Amongst whom [ 60] was the Prince of Ascoli, Alonzo de Leiua, the Marquesse de Pennafiel, the Marquesse de Ganes, the Marquesse de Barlango, Count de Paredes, Count de Yeluas, and diuers other Marqueses and Earles of the honorable families of Mendoza, of Toledo, of Pachicco, of Cordono, of Guzman, of Manriques, and a great number of others.

I haue by me the Dukes Orders for the whole Nauie, during this Voyage, made aboord the Gallion Saint Martin, May 28. the beginning whereof I haue added, the whole would be too long.

Don ALONSO PERES DE GVSMAN, the good Duke of Medina, Sidonia, Countie of Nebla, Marquesse of Casheshe in Africa, Lord of the Citie Saint Lucar, Captaine Generall of the Occian Sea, of the Coast of Andaluzia, and of this Armie of his Maiestie, and Knight of the honorable Order of [ 10] the golden Fleece.

I Doe ordaine and command, that the generall Masters of the field, all Captaines of the Sea, Pi∣lats, Masters, Souldiers, Mariners, and Officers, and whatsoeuer other people for the Land or Sea seruice commeth in this Armie, all the time that it indureth, shall be thus gouerned, as here∣after followeth, viz.

First, and before all things, it is to be vnderstood by all the aboue named from the highest to the lowest: that the principall foundation and cause that hath moued the King his Maiestie to * 1.43 make and continue this iournie, hath beene, and is, to serue God, and to returne vnto his Church a great many of contrite soules that are oppressed by the Heretikes, enemies of our holy Catho∣like [ 20] faith, which haue them subiects to their sects and vnhappinesse: and for that euery one, may put his eyes vpon this marke, as we are bound, I doe command and much desire euery one, to giue charge vnto the inferiors and those vnder their charge to imbarke themselues, being shriuen, and hauing receiued the Sacrament with competent and contrition for their sinnes; by the which * 1.44 contrition and zeale to doe God such great seruice, he will carry and guide vs to his great glory; which is, that which particularly and principally is pretended.

In like manner, I doe charge and command you, to haue particular care, that no Soldier, Mar∣riner, or other, that serueth in this Armie, doe blaspheme, or rage against God, or our Lady, or a∣ny * 1.45 of the Saints, vpon paine that he shall therefore sharply be corrected, and very well chaste∣ned, as it shall seeme best vnto vs: and for other oathes of lesse qualitie, the Gouernours in the [ 30] same Ships they goe in, shall procure to remedy all: they shall punish them in taking away their allowance of Wine, or otherwise as they shall thinke good. And for that the most occasions come by play, you shall publikly prohibit it, especially the games that are forbidden: and that none doe play in the night by no meanes. * 1.46

Articles follow to suppresse quarrels, to auoid disgracing any man, and all occasions of scandall, for∣bidding carriage of common women; with other orders for watchwords, attendance on the Admirall, for fire and wilde-fire, and lights, armours, sh••••, powder, match, and other necessary instructions, too long to be here particularised: that in the height of humaine policie, and religious hypocrisie, the hand of God in Englands preseruation may be made euident.

While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie, the Duke of Parma, at the direction [ 40] of King Philip, made great preparation in the low Countries, to giue aide and assistance vnto the * 1.47 Spaniards, building Ships for the same purpose, and sending for Pilots and Ship▪ wrights out of Italy. In Flanders he caused certaine deepe channels to be made, and among the rest, the channell of Yper, commonly called Yper-lee, employing some thousands of workemen about that seruice: to the end that by the said Cannell he might transport Ships from Antwerp and Ghendt to Bruges where he had assembled aboue a hundreth small Ships, called Hoyes, being well stored with vi∣ctuals, which Hoyes he was determined to haue brought into the Sea by the way of Sluys, or else to haue conueied them by the said Yper-lee, being now of greater depth, into any port of Flan∣ders whatsoeuer.

In the Riuer of Waten, he caused 70. Ships with flat bottomes to be built, euery one of which [ 50] should serue to carry 30. horses, hauing each of them Bridges likewise for the Horses to come on boord, or to goe forth on land. Of the same fashion he had prouided 200. other vessels at Neiu∣port, but not so great. And at Dunkerk he procured 28. Ships of warre, such as were there to be had, and caused a sufficient number of Mariners to be leuied at Hamburg, Breme, Emd••n, and at o∣ther places. He put in the ballast of the said Ships, great store of beames of thicke plankes, being hollow and beset with Iron pikes beneath, but on each side full of claspes and hookes, to ioyne them together.

He had likewise at Graueling prouided 20. thousand of caske, which in a short space might be compact and ioyned together with nailes and cords, and reduced into the forme of a Bridge. To be short, whatsoeuer things were requisite for the making of Bridges, and for the barring & stop∣ping [ 60] vp of Hauens mouthes with stakes, posts, and other meanes, he commanded to be made rea∣dy. Moreouer, not far from Neinport hauen, he had caused a great pile of wooden fagots to be laid, and other furniture to be brought for the rearing vp of a Mount. The most part of his Ships con∣tained two Ouens a peece to bake Bread in, with a great number of saddles, bridles, and such other

like apparell for Horses. They had Horses likewise, which after their landing should serue to con∣uey and draw engines, field-pieces, and other warlike prouisions.

Neeere vnto Neiuport he had assembled an armie, ouer the which hee had ordained Camillo de Monte to be Camp-master. This army consisted of 30. bands or ensignes of Italians, of ten bands of Wallons, eight of Scots; and eight of Burgundians, all which together amount vnto 56. bands eue∣ry band containing a hundreth persons. Neere vnto Dixmud there were mustered eightie bands of Dutchmen, sixtie of Spaniards, six of high Germans, and seuen bands of English fugitiues, vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanlie, an English Knight. In the suburbs of Cortreight there were 4000. horsemen together with their horses in a readinesse: and at Waten 900. horses, with the troupe of the Marquesse del G••••sto Captaine generall of the horsemen. [ 10]

Vnto this famous expedition and presupposed victory, many potentates, Princes, and honora∣ble personages hied themselues: out of Spaine the Prince of Melito, called the Duke of Pastrana, and taken to be the Son of one Ruygomes de Silua, but in very deede accompted among the num∣ber of King Philips base sons. Also the Marquesse of Bargraue, one of the sons of Arch-duke Fer∣dinand and Philippa Welsera. Vespasian Gonsaga of the family of Mantua, being for chiual••y a man of great renowne, and heretofore Vice-roy in Spaine. Item Iohn Medices, base son vnto the Duke of Florence. And Amadas of Sauoy, the Duke of Sauoy his base son, with many others of inferi∣our degrees.

At length when as the French King about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in plaine * 1.48 tearmes that she should stand vpon her guard, because he was now certainly enformed, that there was so dangerous an inuasion imminent vpon her Realme, that he feared much, least all her land [ 20] and sea-forces would be sufficient to withstand it, &c. then began the Queenes Maiestie more care∣fully to gather her forces together, and to furnish her own ships of warre, and the principall ships of her subiects, with souldiers, weapons, and other necessary prouision. The greatest and strongest ships of the whole Nauie she sent vnto Plimmouth, vnder the conduct of the right honorable Lord Charles Howard, Lord high Admirall of England, &c. Vnder whom the renowned Knight Sir Fran∣cis Drake was appointed Vice-admirall. The number of these ships was about an hundreth. The lesser ships being 30. or 40. in number, and vnder the conduct of the Lord Henry Seimer were com∣manded to lie betweene Douer and Caleis.

On land likewise throughout the whole realme, souldiers were mustered and trained in all pla∣ces, * 1.49 [ 30] and were committed vnto the most resolute and faithfull captaines. And where as it was com∣monly giuen out, that the Spaniard hauing once vnited himselfe vnto the Duke of Parma, ment to inuade by the riuer of Thames, there was at Tilburie in Essex, ouer-against Grauesend, a mighty army encamped: and on both sides of the riuer fortifications were erected, according to the pre∣scription of Frederike Genebelli an Italian enginier. Likewise there were certaine ships brought to make a Bridge, though it were very late first. Vnto the said Armie came in proper person the Queenes most roiall Maiestie, representing Tomyris that Scithian warlike Princesse, or rather di∣uine Pallas her selfe. Also there were other such armies leuied in England.

The principal Recusants (least they should stir vp any tumult in the time of the Spanish inuasion) * 1.50 were sent to remaine at certain conuenient places, as namely in the Isle of Ely and at Wisbich. And [ 40] some of them were sent vnto other places, to wit, vnto sundry Bishops and Noblemen, where they were kept from endangering the state of the common wealth, and of her sacred Maiestie, who of her most gracious clemency gaue expresse commandement, that they should be intreated with all humani••ie and friendship.

The Prouinces of Holland, Zeland, &c. giuing credit vnto their intelligence out of Spaine, made * 1.51 preparation to defend themselues: but because the Spanish ships were described vnto them to be so huge, they relied partly vpon the shallow and dangerous Seas all along their coasts. Wherefore they stood most in doubt of the Duke of Parma, his small and flat-bottomed ships. Howbeit they had all their ships of warre to the number of nintie and aboue, in a readinesse for all ass••y••s: the greater part whereof were of a small burthen, as being more meete to saile vpon their Riuers and [ 50] shallow Seas: and with these ships they besieged all the hauens in Flanders, beginning at the mouth of Scheld, or from the towne of Lillo, and holding on to Greueling, and almost vnto Caleis, and for∣tified all their Sea-townes with strong garrisons.

Against the Spanish fleets arriuall, they had prouided fiue and twenty or thirty good ships, committing the gouernment of them vnto Admirall Lonck, whom they commanded to ioine him∣selfe vnto the Lord Henry Seymer, lying betweene Douer and Cales. And when as the foresaid ships (whereof the greater part besieged the hauen of Dunkerke) were driuen by tempest into Ze∣land, Iustin of Nassau the Admirall of Zeland supplied that squadron with fiue and thirty ships, being of no great burthen, but excellently furnished with Guns, Mariners and Souldiers in great abundance, & especially with 1200 braue Musquetiers, hauing beene accustomed vnto Sea-fights, [ 60] and being chosen out of all their company for the same purpose: and so the said Iustin of Nassau kept such diligent ward in the Station, that the Duke of Parma could not issue forth with his Nauie into Sea out of any part of Flanders.

In the meane while the Shanish Armada set saile out of the hauen of Lisbon vpon the 19. of

May, An. Dom. 1588. vnder the conduct of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, directing their course for the Bay of Corunna, alias the Groine in Gallicia, where they tooke in souldiers, and warlike * 1.52 prouision, this port being in Spaine the neerest vnto England. As they were sailing along, there arose such a mighty tempest, that the whole Fleet was dispersed, so that when the Duke was re∣turned vnto his company, he could not escry aboue eighty ships in all, whereunto the residue by little and little ioyned themselues, except eight which had their Masts blowne ouer-boord. One of the foure Gallies of Portingall escaped very hardly, retiring her selfe into the hauen. The other three were vpon the coast of Baion in France, by the assistance and courage of one Dauid Gwin, an English Captine (whom the French and Turkish slaues aided in the same enterprise) vtterly disa∣bled and vanquished: one of the three being first ouercome, which conquered the two other, with [ 10] the slaughter of their Gouernour and souldiers, and among the rest of Don Diego de Mandrana, with sundry others: and so those slaues arriued in France with the three Gallies, set themselues at libertie.

The Nauie hauing refreshed themselues at the Groine, and receiuing daily commandement from * 1.53 the King to hasten their iournie, horsed vp sailes the 11. day of Iuly, and so holding on their course till the 19. of the same moneth, they came then vnto the mouth of the narrow Seas or English channell. From whence (striking their sailes in the meane season) they dispatched certain of their small ships vnto the Duke of Parma. At the same time the Spanish Fleete was escried by an Eng∣lish Pinnace, Captaine whereof was Master Thomas Fleming, after they had beene aduertised of the Spaniards expedition by their scoutes and espials, which hauing ranged along the coast of [ 20] Spaine, were lately returned home into Plimmoth for a new supply of victuals and other necessa∣ries, who considering the foresaid tempest, were of opinion that the Nauie being of late disper∣sed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean, was by no meanes able to performe their inten∣ded Voyage. Moreouer, the Lord Charles Howard, Lord high Admirall of England, had receiued Letters from the Court, signifying vnto him, that her Maiesty was aduertised that the Spanish Fleete would not come forth; nor was to be any longer expected for, and therefore, that vp∣on her Maiesties commandement hee must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest Ships vn∣to Chattam.

The Lord high Admirall of England being thus on the sudden, namely vpon the 19. of Iuly a∣bout foure of the clocke in the afternoone, enformed by the Pinnace of Captaine Fleming afore∣said, * 1.54 [ 30] of the Spaniards approach, with all speede and diligence possible hee warped his Ships, and caused his Mariners and Souldiers (the greater part of whom was absent for the cause aforesaid) to come on boord, and that with great trouble and difficultie, insomuch that the Lord Admirall him∣selfe was faine to lie without in the road with six Ships onely all that night, after the which ma∣ny others came forth of the hauen. The very next day, being the 20. of Iuly about high noone, * 1.55 was the Spanish Fleet escried by the English, which with a South-west winde came sailing along, and passed by Plimmouth; in which regard (according to the iudgement of many skilfull Nauiga∣tors) * 1.56 they greatly ouershot themselues, whereas it had beene more commodious for them to haue staied themselues there, considering that the Englishmen being as yet vnprouided, greatly relied vpon their owne forces, and knew not the estate of the Spanish Nauie. Moreouer, this was the [ 40] most conuenient Port of all others, where they might with greater security haue beene aduerti∣sed of the English forces, and how the commons of the land stood affected, and might haue stir∣red vp some mutinie, so that hit her they should haue bent all their puissance, and from hence the Duke of Parma might more easily haue conueied his Ships. But this they were prohibited to doe by the King and his Counsell, and were expresly commanded to vnite themselues vnto the souldiers and ships of the said Duke of Parma, and so to bring their purpose to effect. Which was thought to be the most easie and direct course, for that they imagined that the English and Dutch men would be vtterly daunted and dismaied thereat, and would each man of them retire vnto his owne Prou••••ce or Port for the defence thereof, and transporting the Armie of the Duke vnder the protection of their huge Nauie, they might inuade England. It is reported that the chiefe [ 50] commanders in the Nauy, and those which were more skilfull in nauigation, to wit, Iohn Mar∣tines de Ricalde, Diego Flores de Ualdez, and diuers others, found fault that they were bound vnto so strict directions and instructions, because that in such a case many particular accidents ought to concurre and to be respected at one and the same instant, that is to say, the opportunitie of the winde, weather, time, tide, and ebbe, wherein they might faile from Flanders to England, Often∣times also the darknesse and light, the situation of places, the depths and shoalds were to be considered: all which especially depended vpon the conueniency of the windes, and were by so much the more dangerous. But it seemed that they were enioyned by their Commission to ancre neere vnto, or about Caleis, whither the Duke of Parma with his ships and all his warlike pro∣uision was to resort, and while the English and Spanish great ships were in the midst of their con∣flict, [ 60] to passe by, and to land his souldiers vpon the Downes. The Spanish Captiues reported that they were determined first to haue entred the Riuer of Thames, & thereupon to haue passed with small ships vp to London, supposing that they might easily win that rich and flourishing Citie, being but meanely fortified and inhabited with Citizens not accustomed to the wars, who durst

not withstand their first encounter, hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maiestie, and Popish Catholikes, or some fauourers of the Scottish Queene (not long before beheaded) who might be instruments of sedition.

Thus often aduertising the Duke of Parma of their approach, the 20. of Iuly they passed by Plimmouth, which the English pursuing and getting the winde of them, gaue them the chase and the encounter, and so both Fleetes frankly exchanged their Bullets.

The day following, which was the 21. of Iuly, the English Ships approached within Musket * 1.57 shot of the Spanish: at what time the Lord Charles Howard most hotly and valiantly discharged his Ordnance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall. The Spaniards then well perceiuing the nimble∣nesse of the English ships in discharging vpon the enemy on all sides, gathered themselues close into the forme of an halfe Moone, and slackned their sailes, least they should outgoe any of their [ 10] company. And while they were proceeding on in this manner, one of their great Galliasses was so furiously battered with shot, that the whole Nauie was faine to come vp rounder together for the safegard thereof: whereby it came to passe that the principall Galleon of Siuill (where∣in Don Pedro de Valdez, Vasques de Silua, Alonzo de Sayas, and other Noble men were embarqued) falling foule of another ship, had her fore-mast broken, and by that meanes was not able to keepe way with the Spanish Fleete, neither would the said Fleete stay to succour it, but l••ft the distres∣sed Galeon behinde. The Lord Admirall of England, when hee saw this Ship of Ualdez, and thought she had beene voide of Marriners and Souldiers, taking with him as many ships as he * 1.58 could, passed by it, that hee might not loose sight of the Spanish Fleete that night. For Sir Francis Drake (who was not withstanding appointed to beare out his Lanterne that night) was [ 20] giuing of chase vnto fiue great Hulkes which had separated themselues from the Spanish Fleete: but finding them to be Easterlings, hee dismissed them. The Lord Admirall all that night fol∣lowing the Spanish Lanterne instead of the English, found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his enemies Fleete, but when he perceiued it, he clenly conueied himselfe out of that great danger.

The day following, which was the 22. of Iuly, Sir Francis Drake espied Valdez his ship, where∣unto * 1.59 he sent for his Pinnace, and being aduertised that Ualdez himselfe was there, and 450. per∣sons with him, he sent him word that hee should yeelde himselfe. Valdez for his honours fake caused certaine conditions to be propounded vnto Drake: who answered Valdez, that he was [ 30] not now at leisure to make any long parle, but if he would yeelde himselfe, he should finde him friendly and tractable: howbeit if he had resolued to die in fight, he should proue Drake to be no dastard. Vpon which answer, Ualdez and his Company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the hands of fortunate Drake, being moued with the renoune and celebritie of his name, with one consent yeelded themselues, and found him very fauourable vnto them. Then Ualdez * 1.60 with forty or fiftie Noblemen and Gentlemen pertaining vnto him, came on boord Sir Francis Drakes ship. The residue of his company were carried vnto Plimmouth, where they were detai∣ned a yeere and an halfe for their ransome.

Valdez comming vnto Drake, and humbly kissing his hand, protesting vnto him, that he and his had resolued to die in battell, had they not by good fortune fallen into his power, whom they [ 40] knew to be right curteous and gentle, and whom they had heard by generall report to be most fa∣uourable * 1.61 vnto his vanquished foe: insomuch, that he said it was to be doubted whether his ene∣my had more cause to admire and loue him for his great, valiant, and prosperous exploits, or to dread him for his singular felicity and wisdome, which euer attended vpon him in the wars, and by the which he had attained vnto so great honor. With that Drake embraced him, and gaue him very honorable entertainment, feeding him at his owne table, and lodging him in his Cabbin. Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish Fleete, and how foure mighty Gallies were separated by tempest from them: and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen, not expecting to be repelled thence by the English ships, which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces, perswading themselues that by meanes of their huge Fleete, they were become Lords and commanders of the maine Ocean. For which cause they marueiled much how the Englishmen in their small Ships durst approach with∣in [ 50] musket shot of the Spaniards mighty wodden Castles, gathering the wind of them, with many other such like attempts. Immediately after, Valdez and his Company (being a man of principall authority in the Spanish Fleet, and being descended of one and the same family with that Valdez, which in the yeere 1574. besieged Leiden in Holland) were sent captiues into England. There were in the said ship 55. thousand Duckets in ready monie of the Spanish Kings gold, which the soul∣diers merrily shared among themselues. * 1.62

The same day was set on sire one of their greatest ships, being Admirall of the squadron of Gui∣pusco, and being the ship of Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirall of the whole Fleete, which con∣tained [ 60] great store of Gunpowder, and other warlike prouision. The vpper part onely of this ship * 1.63 was burnt, and all the persons therein contained (except a very few) were consumed with fire. And thereupon it was taken by the English, and brought into England, with a number of miserable burnt and scorched Spaniards. Howbeit the Gunpowder (to the great admiration of all men) re∣mained whole and vnconsumed.

In the meane season the Lord Admirall of England in his ship, called the Arke-royall, all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere, that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the ene∣mies Fleete, and it was foure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleete could ouertake him. At the same time Hugo de Moncada, Gouernour of the foure Galliasses, made humble suite vnto the Duke of Medina that hee might be licenced to encounter the Admirall of England: which liberty the Duke thought not good to permit vnto him, because he was loath to exceede the limits of his Commission and charge.

Vpon tuesday, which was the 23. of Iuly, the Nauy being come ouer against Portland, the wind began to turne Northerly, insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale to inuade the * 1.64 English. But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler ships, recouered againe the vantage of the [ 10] winde from the Spaniards, whereat the Spaniards seemed to be more incensed to fight then be∣fore. * 1.65 But when the English fleet had continually and without intermission from morning to night beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small: the Spaniards vniting them∣selues, gathered their whole Fleete close together into a roundell, so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others, but onely to defend themselues, & to make haste vnto the place prescribed vnto them, which was neere vnto Dunkerk, that they might ioyne forces with the Duke of Parma, who was determined to haue proceeded secretly with his small ships vnder the shadow and protection of the great ones, and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole expedition.

This was the most furious and bloudy skirmish of all, in which the Lord Admirall of England * 1.66 [ 20] continued fighting amidst his enemies Fleete, and seeing one of his Captaines a farre off, he spake vnto him in these words: Oh George, what doest thou? Wilt thou now furstrate my hope and opi∣nion conceiued of thee? Wilt thou forsake mee now? With which words hee being enflamed, ap∣proached forthwith, encountered the enemy, and did the part of a most valiant Captaine. His name was George Fenner, a man that had beene conuersant in many Sea-fights. In this con∣flict there was a certaine great Uenetian ship with other small ships surprized and taken by * 1.67 the English.

The English Nauy in the meane while increased, whereunto out of all Hauens of the Realme resorted ships and men: for they all with one accord came flocking thither as vnto a set field, where immortall fame and glory was to be attained, and faithfull seruice to be performed vnto [ 30] their Prince and Countrey. In which number there were many great and honorable personages, as namely, the Earle of Oxford, of Northumberland, of Cumberland, &c. with many Knights and Gentlemen: to wit, Sir Thomas Cecill, Sir Robert Cecill, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir William Hatton, Sir Horatio Palauicini, Sir Henry Brooke, Sir Robert Carew, Sir Charles Blunt; Master Ambrose Willoughbie, Master Henry Nowell, Master Thomas Gerard, Master Henry Dudley, Master Edward Darcie, Master Arthur Gorge, Master Thomas Woodhouse, M. William Haruie, &c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English ships amounted vnto an hundreth: which when they were come before Douer, were increased to an hundred and thirty, being not withstanding of no pro∣portionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards, except two or three and twnety of the Queenes greater ships, which onely, by reason of their presence, bred an opinion in the Spaniards * 1.68 [ 40] minds concerning the power of the English Fleet: the Marriners and Souldiers whereof were e∣steemed to be twelue thousand.

The foure and twentie of Iuly, when as the Sea was calme, and no winde stirring, the fight was onely betweene the foure great Galleasses and the English ships, which being rowed with * 1.69 Oares, had great vantage of the English ships, which not withstanding for all that would not be forced to yeelde, but discharged their chaine-shot to cut a sunder their Cables and Cordage of the Galleasses, with many other such Stratagems. They were now constrained to send their men on land for a new supply of Gunpowder, whereof they were in great scarcitie, by reason they had so frankly spent the greater part in the former conflicts. The same day, a Counsell being assem∣bled, * 1.70 it was decreed that the English Fleete should be deuided into foure squadrons: the principall [ 50] whereof was committed vnto the Lord Admirall: the second to Sir Francis Drake: the third to Captaine Hawkins: the fourth to Captaine Frobisher.

The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order, sailing three and foure and sometimes more ships in a ranke, and following close vp one after another, and the stronger * 1.71 and greater ships protecting the lesser.

The fiue and twenty of Iuly, when the Spaniards were come ouer-against the Isle of Wight, the * 1.72 Lord admirall of England being accompanied with his best ships (namely the Lion, Captaine whereof was the Lord Thomas Howard: The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the command of Sir Robert Southwell, son in law vnto the Lord Admirall: the Beare vnder the Lord Sheffield, Nephew vnto the Lord Admirall: the Victorie vnder Captaine Barker: and the Galeon Leicester vnder the fore∣named [ 60] Captain George Fenner) with great valour and dreadfull thunder of shot, encountered the Spanish Admirall, being in the very midst of all his Fleete. Which when the Spaniards percei∣ued, being assisted with his strongest ships, he came forth and entered a terrible combat with the * 1.73 English; for they bestowed each on other the broad sides, and mutually discharged all their

Ordnance, being within one hundred or an hundred and twenty yards one of another. At length the Spaniards hoised vp their failes, and againe gathered themselues vp close into the forme of a roundell. In the meane while Captaine Frobisher had engaged himselfe into a most dangerous conflict. Whereupon the Lord Admirall comming to succour him, found that hee had valiantly and discreetly behaued himselfe, and that he had wisely and in good time giuen ouer the fight, be∣cause that after so great a batterie he had sustained no damage. For which cause the day follow∣ing, being the sixe and twenty of Ioly, the Lord Admirall rewarded him with the order of * 1.74 Knighthood, together with the Lord Thomas Howard, the Lord Sheffield, Master Iohn Hawkins, and others.

The same day the Lord Admirall receiued intelligence from New-hauen in France, by certaine * 1.75 of his Pinnaces, that all things were quit in France, and that there was no preparation of sen∣ding [ 10] aide vnto the Spaniards, which was greatly feared from the Guisian faction, and from the Leaguers: but there was a false rumour spread all about, that the Spaniards had conquered England.

The seuen and twentieth of Iuly, the Spaniards about the sun-setting were come ouer-against * 1.76 Douer, and rode at ancre within the sight of Caleis, intending to hold on for Dunkerk, expecting there to ioyne with the Duke of Parma his forces, without which they were able to doe little or nothing. Likewise the English Fleete following vp hard vpon them, ancred iust by them within culuering-shot. And here the Lord Henry Seymer vnited himselfe vnto the Lord Admirall with his fleet of 30. ships which rode before the mouth of Thames.

As the Spanish Nauie therefore lay at ancre, the Duke of Medina sent certaine Messengers vnto [ 20] the Duke of Parma, with whom vpon that occasion many Noblemen and Gentlemen went to refresh themselues on land: and amongst the rest the Prince of Ascoli, being accounted the Kings base son, and a very proper and towardly yong Gentleman, to his great good went on shoare, who was by so much the more fortunate, in that he had not opportunity to returne on boord the * 1.77 same ship, out of which he was departed, because that in returning home it was cast away vpon the Irish coast, withall the persons contained therein. The Duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Fleetes arriuall vpon the coast of England, made all the haste hee could to be present himselfe in this expedition for the performance of his charge: vainely perswading himselfe that now by the meanes of Cardinall Allen, hee should be crowned King of England, and for that cause he had resigned the Gouernment of the Low-Countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder. [ 30] And hauing made his vowes vnto Saint Mary of Hall in He••ault (whom he went to visite for hisblinde deuotions sake) he returned toward Bruges the eight and twenty of Iuly. The next * 1.78 day trauelling to Dunkerk, hee heard the thundring Ordnance of either Fleete: and the same euening being come to Dixmud, hee was giuen to vnderstand the hard successe of the Spa∣nish * 1.79 Fleete.

Vpon tuesday, which was the 13. of Iuly, about high noone, he came to Dunkerk, when as all * 1.80 the Spanish Fleete was now passed by: neither durst any of his ships in the meane space come forth to assist the said Spanish Fleet for feare of fiue and thirty warlike ships of Holland and Ze∣land, which there kept watch and ward vnder the conduct of the Admirall Iustin of Nassau. The [ 40] foresaid fiue and thirty ships were furnished with most cunning Mariners and old expert Souldi∣ers, * 1.81 amongst the which were twelue hundred Musketeers, whom the States had chosen out of all their Garrisons, and whom they knew to haue beene heretofore experienced in Sea-fights. This Nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suffer any ship to come out of the Hauen, nor to per∣mit any Zabraes, Pataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete (which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers) to enter thereinto, for the greater ships were not to be feared by reason of the shallow Sea in that place. Howbeit the Prince of Parma his forces being as yet vnready, * 1.82 were not come on boord his ships, onely the English Fugitiues, being seuen hundred in number, vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanley, came in fit time to haue beene embarked, because they hoped to giue the first assault against England. The residue shewed themselues vnwilling and loath to depart, because they saw but a few Marriners, who were by constraint drawne into this ex∣pedition, [ 50] and also because they had very bare prouision of Bread, Drinke, and other necessary vi∣ctuals. Moreouer, the ships of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight, threatning shot and Powder, and many inconueniences vnto them: for feare of which ships, the Mari∣ners and Sea-men secretly withdrew themselues both day and night, least that the Duke of Parma his Souldiers should compell them by maine force to goe on boord, and to breake through the Hollanders Fleete, which all of them iudged to be impossible, by reason of the straightnesse of the Hauen.

But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and pre∣sumptuous * 1.83 expectation, that all the ships of England and of the Low-Countries would at the first [ 60] sight of the Spanish and Dunkerk Nauie haue betaken themselues to flight, yeelding them Sea∣roome, and endeuouring onely to defend themselues, their hauens, and Sea-coasts from inuasion. Wherefore their intent and purpose was, that the Duke of Parma in his small and flat-bottomed ships, should as it were vnder the shadow and wings of the Spanish Fleete, conuey ouer all his

troupes, armour, and warlike prouision, and with their forces so vnited, should inuade England; or while the English Fleete were busied in fight against the Spanish, should enter vpon any part of the coast, which he thought to be most conuenient. Which inuasion (as the Captiues after∣ward confessed) the Duke of Parma thought first to haue attempted by the Riuer of Thames; vp∣on the bankes whereof hauing at his first arriuall landed twenty or thirty thousand of his princi∣pall Souldiers, he supposed that he might easily haue won the Citie of London; both because his small ships should haue followed and assisted his Land-forces, and also for that the Citie it selfe was but meanely fortified and easie to ouercome, by reason of the Citizens delicacie and discon∣tinuance from the warres.

When as therefore the Spanish Fleete rode at anker before Caleis, to the end they might con∣sult [ 10] with the Duke of Parma what was best to be done according to the Kings commandement, and the present estate of their affaires, and had now (as we will afterward declare) purposed vp∣on the second of August, being Friday, with one power and consent to haue put their intended businesse in practise; the Lord Admirall of England being admonished by her Maiesties Letter•• from the Court, thought it most expedient either to driue the Spanish Fleet from that place, or at * 1.84 leastwise to giue them the encounter: and for that cause (according to her Maiesties prescription) he tooke forthwith eight of his worst and basest ships which came next to hand, and disburthe∣ning them of all things which seemed to be of any value, filled them with Gunpowder, Pitch, Brimstone, and with other combustible and fiery matter; and charging all their Ordnance with powder, bullets and stones, and sent the said ships vpon the 28. of Iuly, being Sunday, about two [ 20] of the clocke after midnight, with the winde and tide against the Spanish Fleete: which when * 1.85 they had proceeded a good space, being forsaken of the Pilots, and set on fire, were directly carri∣ed vpon the King of Spaines Nauie: which fire in the dead of night put the Spaniards into such a perplexitie and horror (for they feared lest they were like vnto those terrible ships, which Frede∣rie senebelli three yeeres before, at the siege of Antwerpe, had furnished with Gunpowder, stones, and dreadfull engines, for the dissolution of the Duke of Parma his Bridge, built vpon the Riuer of Scheld) that cutting their cables whereon their ankers were fasted, and hoising vp their sailes they betooke themselues very confusedly vnto the maine Sea.

And this sudden confusion, the principall and greatest of the foure Galliasses falling fowle of another ship lost her rudder: for which cause when she could not be guided any longer, she was by * 1.86 the force of the tide cast into a certaine should vpon the shoare of Caleis, where she was immedi∣ately [ 30] assaulted by diuers English Pinnaces, Hoyes, and Drumblers. And as they lay battering of her with their Ordnance, and durst not boord her, the Lord Admirall sent thither his long Boate with an hundreth choise Souldiers vnder the command of Captaine Amias Preston. Vpon whose approach their fellowes being more emboldened, did offer to boord the Galliasse; against whom * 1.87 the Gouernor thereof and Captaine of all the foure Galliasses, Hugo de Moncada, stoutly opposed himself, fighting by so much the more valiantly, in that he hoped presently to be succoured by the Duke of Parma. In the meane season, Moncada, after hee had endured the conflict a good while, * 1.88 being hit on the head with a Bullet, fell downe starke dead, and a great number of Spaniards also were slaine in his company. The greater part of the residue leaping ouer-boord into the Sea, to [ 40] saue them••elues by swimming, were most of them drowned. Howbeit there escaped among others Don Anthonio de Manriques, a principall officer in the Spanish fleete (called by them their Veador Generall) together with a few Spaniards besides: which Anthonio was the first man that carried certaine newes of the successe of their fleete into Spaine. This huge & monstrous Galliasse, where∣in were contained three hundred slaues to lug at the Oares, and foure hundred souldiers, was in the space of three houres rifled in the same place; and there was found amongst diuers other commo∣dities * 1.89 50000. Duckets of the Spanish Kings treasure. At length when the slaues were released out of their fetters, the English men would haue set the said ship on fire, which Monsieur Gourdon, the Gouernour of Caleis, for feare of the damage which might thereupon ensue to the Towne and Hauen, would not permit them to doe, but draue them from thence with his [ 50] great Ordnance.

Vpon the 29. of Iuly in the morning, the Spanish Fleete after the foresaid tumult, hauing ar∣ranged themselues againe into order, were, within sight of Greueling, most brauely and furiously * 1.90 encountered by the English, where they once againe got the winde of the Spaniards: who suffe∣red themselues to be depriued of the commodity of the place in Caleis rode, and of the aduantage of the winde neere vnto Dunkerk, rather then they would change their array, or separate their forces now conioyned and vnited together, standing onely vpon their defence. And albeit there were many excellent and warlike sh••ps in the English fleet, yet scarse were there 22. or 23. among them all which matched 90. of the Spanish ships in bignesse, or could conueniently assault them. Wherefore the English ships vsing their prerogatiue of nimble stirrage, whereby they could [ 60] turne and wield themselues with the winde which way they listed, came oftentimes very neere∣vpon the Spaniards, and charged them so sore, that now and then they were but a Pikes length at * 1.91 sunder: and so continually giuing them one broad side after another, they dispatched all their shot both great and small vpon them, spending one whole day from morning till night in that violent

kinde of conflict, vntill such time as powder and bullets failed them. In regard of which want they thought it conuenient not to pursue the Spaniards any longer, because they had many great vantages of the English, namely for the extraordinary bignesse of their ships, and also for that they were so neerely conioyned, and kept together in so good array, that they could by no meanes be fought withall one to one. The English thought therefore, that they had right well acquitted themselues, in chasing the Spaniards first from Caleis, and then from Dunkerk, and by that means to haue hindered them from ioyning with the Duke of Parma his forces, and getting the winde of them, to haue driuen them from their owne coasts.

The Spaniards that day sustained great losse and damage, hauing many of their ships shot tho∣row and thorow, and they discharged likewise great store of Ordnance against the English; who indeede sustained some hinderance, but not comparable to the Spaniards losse; for they lost not a∣ny [ 10] one ship or person of account. For very diligent inquisition being made, the Englishmen all that time wherein the Spanish Nauie sailed vpon their Seas, are not found to haue wanted aboue one * 1.92 hundreth of their people: albeit Sir F. Drakes ship was pierced with shot aboue forty times, and his very cabben was twise shot thorow, and about the conclusion of the fight, the bed of a certaine Gentleman lying weary thereupon, was taken quite from vnder him with the force of a Bullet. Likewise, as the Earle of Northumberland and Sir Charles Blunt were at dinner vpon a time, the Bullet of a Demi-culuering brake thorow the middest of their Cabbin, touched their feete, and strooke downe two of the standers by, with many such accidents befalling the English ships, which it were tedious to rehearse. Whereupon it is most apparant, that God miraculously pre∣serued the English Nation. For the Lord Admirall wrote vnto her Maiesty, that in all humaine [ 20] reason, and according to the iudgement of all men (euery circumstance being duely considered) the Englishmen were not of any such force, whereby they might, without a miracle, dare once to approach within the sight of the Spanish Fleete: insomuch, that they freely ascribed all the honour of their victory vnto God, who had confounded the enemy, and had brought his coun∣sels to none effect.

The same day the Spanish ships were so battered with English shot, that that very night and the * 1.93 day following, two or three of them sunke right downe: and among the rest a certain great ship of Biscay, which Captaine Crosse assaulted, which perished euen in the time of the conflic, so that very few therein escaped drowning; who reported that the Gouernors of the same ship slew one [ 30] another vpon the occasion following: one of them which would haue yeelded the ship was sud∣denly slaine; the brother of the slaine party in reuenge of his death slew the murtherer, and in the meane while the ship sunke.

The same night two Portugall galeons of the burthen of seuen or eight hundreth tuns a peece; * 1.94 to wit, Saint Philip and Saint Matthew, were forsaken of the Spanish Fleete, for they were so torne with shot, that the water entered into them on all sides. In the Galeon of Saint Philip was Fran∣cis de Toledo, brother vnto the Count de Argas, being Colonell ouer two and thirty bands; be∣sides other Gentlemen; who seeing their mast broken with shot, they shaped their course, aswell as they could, for the coast of Flanders: whither when they could not attaine, the principall men in the ship committed thems••lues to their skiffe, arriued at the next towne, which was Ost∣end; [ 40] and the ship it selfe being left behinde with the resi••ue of their company, was taken by the Vlishingers. In the other Galeon, called the Saint Matthew, was embarked Don Diego Pimentelli another Camp-master and Colonell of two and thirty bands, being brother vnto the Marquesse of Tamnares, with many other Gentlemen and Captaines. Their ship was not very great, but excee∣ding strong, for of a great number of Bullets which had batterd her, there were scarce twenty where with she was pierced or hurt: her vpper worke was of force sufficient to beare off a Musket shot: this ship was shot thorow and pierced in the fight before Greueling: insomuch that the leakage of the water could not be stopped: whereupon the Duke of Medina sent his great skiffe vnto the Gouernour thereof, that he might saue himselfe and the principall persons that were in his ship: which he, vpon a hault courage, refused to doe: wherefore the Duke charged him to saile next vnto himselfe: which the night following hee could not performe, by reason of the a∣bundance [ 50] of water which entered his ship on all sides; for the auoiding whereof, and to saue his ship from sinking he caused fifty men continually to labour at the Pump, though it were to small purpose. And seeing himselfe thus forsaken and separated from his Admirall, he endeuored what he could to attaine vnto the coast of Flanders; where being espied by foure or fiue men of war, which had their station assigned them vpon the same coast: he was admonished to yeelde himselfe vnto them; which he refused to doe, was strongly assaulted by them altogether, & his ship being pier∣ced with many bullets, was brought into far worse case then before, & forty of his souldiers were slain. By which extremity he was enforced at length to yeelde himselfe vnto Peter Banderduess and other Captaine, which brought him and his ship into Zeland; and that other ship also last be∣fore [ 60] mentioned: which both of them, immediatly after the greater and better part of their goods were vnladen, sunke right downe. For the memory of this exploit, the foresaid Captain Bander∣duess caused a Banner of one of these ships to be set vp in the great Church of Leiden in Holland, which is of so great a length, that being fasted to the very roofe, it reached downe to the ground.

About the same time another small ship being by necessity driuen vpon the coast of Flanders, a∣bout Blankenberg, was cast away vpon the sands, the people therein being saued. Thus Almighty * 1.95 God would haue the Spaniards huge ships to be preiented, not onely to the view of the English, but also of the Zelanders; that at the sight of them they might acknowledge of what small abili∣ty they had beene to resist such impregnable forces, had not God endued them with courage, pro∣uidence, and fortitude, yea, and fought for them in many places with his owne arme.

The 29. of Iuly the Spanish fleete being encountered by the English (as is aforesaid) and lying * 1.96 close together vnder their fighting sailes, with a South-west winde sailed past Dunkerk, the Eng∣lish ships still following the chase. Of whom the day following, when the Spaniards had got Sea roome, they cut their maine sailes, whereby they sufficiently declared that they meant no longer [ 10] to fight, but to flie. For which cause the Lord Admirall of England dispatched the Lord Henry Seymer with his squadron of small ships vnto the coast of Flanders, where, with the helpe of the Dutch ships, he might stop the Prince of Parma his passage, if perhaps he should attempt to issue forth with his army. And he himselfe in the meane space pursued the Spanish fleet vnti••l the se∣cond of August, because he thought they had set saile for Scotland. And albeit he followed them * 1.97 very neere, yet did he not assault them any more, for want of Powder and Bullets. But vpon the fourth of August, the winde arising, when as the Spaniards had spread all their sailes, betaking themselues wholly to flight, & leauing Scotland on the left hand, trended toward Norway (where∣by th••y s••fficiently declared that their whole intent was to saue themselues by flight, attempting for that purpose, with their battered and crazed ships, the most dangerous nauigation of the Nor∣thren [ 20] Seas) the English seeing that they were now proceeded vnto the latitude of 57. degrees, and being vnwilling to participate that danger whereinto the Spaniards plunged themselues, and be∣cause they wanted things necessary, and especially Powder and Shot, returned backe for England; leauing behinde them certaine Pinasses onely, which they enioyned to follow the Spaniards a∣loofe, * 1.98 and to abserue their course. And so it came to passe, that the fourth of August, with great danger and industry, the English arriued at Harwich; for they had beene toss••d vp and downe with a mighty tempest for the space of two or three dayes together, which it is likely did great hurt vnto the Spanish fleet, being (as I said before) so maimed and battered. The English now going on shoare, prouided themselues forth with of Victuals, Gunpowder, and other things expedient, that they might be ready at all assayes to entertaine the Spanish fleete, if it chanced any more to [ 30] re••urne. Bu ••eing afterward more certainely informed of the Spaniards course, they thought it best to leaue them vnto those boisterous and vncouth Northren Seas, and not there to hunt after them.

The Spaniards seeing now that they wanted foure or fiue thousand of their people, and hauing diuers maimed and sicke persons, and likewise hauing lost ten or twelue of their principall ships, they consulted among themselues, what they were best to doe, being now escaped out of the hands of the English, because their victuals failed them in like sort, & they began also to want ca∣bles, cordage, anker••, masts, sailes, and other nauall furniture, and vtterly despaired of the Duke of * 1.99 Parma his assistance (who verily hoping & vndoubtedly expecting the return of the Spanish fleet, was continually occupied about his great preparation, commanding abundance of ankers to be [ 40] made, and other necessary furniture for a Nauy to be prouided) they thought it good at length, so soone as the winde should serue them, to fetch a compasse about Scotland and Ireland, and so to re∣turne for Spaine.

For they well vnderstood, that commandement was giuen thorowout all Scotland, that they should not haue any succour or assistance there. Neither yet could they in Norway supply their wants. Wherefore, hauing taken certaine Scottish and other fisherboats, they brought the men on boord their owne ships, to the end they might be their guides and Pilots. Fearing also least their * 1.100 fresh water should faile them, they cast all their horses and mules ouer-boord: and so touching no where vpon the coast of Scotland, but being carried with a fresh gale betweene the Orcades and Faar-Isles, they proceeded farre North euen vnto 61. degrees of latitude, being distant from any [ 50] land at the least 40. leagues. Here the Duke of Medina, Generall of the Fleet, commanded all his followers to shape their course for Biscay: and he himselfe with twenty or fiue and twenty of his ships which were best prouided of fresh water and other necessaries, holding on his course ouer the maine Ocean, returned safely home. The residue of his ships being about forty in number, and committed vnto his Vice-admirall, fell neerer with the coast of Ireland, intending their course for Cape Clare, because they hoped there to get fresh water, and to refresh themselues on land. But after they were driuen with many contrary windes, at length, vpon the second of September, they were cast by a tempest arising from the South-west vpon diuers parts of Ireland, where many * 1.101 of their ships perished. And amongst others, the ship of Michael de Oquendo, which was one of the great Galliasses: and two great ships of Venice also, namely, la Ratta and Belanzara, with other 36 [ 60] or 31. ships more, which perished in sundry tempests, together with most of the persons contai∣ned in them.

Likewise some of the Spanish ships were the second time carried with a strong West wind into the channell of England, whereof some were taken by the English vpon their coast, and others by the men of Rochel vpon the coast of France.

Moreouer, there arriued at Newhauen in Norm andy, being by tempest inforced so to doe, one of the foure great Galliasses, whereby they found the ships with the Spanish women which followed * 1.102 the Fleet at their setting forth. Two ships also were cast away vpon the coast of Norway, one of them being of a great burthen; howbeit all the persons in the said great ship were saued: inso∣much that of 134 ships, which set saile out of Portugall, there returned home 53. onely, small and great: namely of the foure Galliasses but one, and but one of the foure Gallies. Of the 91. great Galleons and Hulkes there were missing 58. and 33. returned: of the Pataches and Zabraes 17. were missing, and 18. returned home. In briefe, there were missing 81. ships, in which number were Galliasses, Gallies, Galeons, and other vessels both great and small. And amongst the 53. ships remaining, those also are reckoned which returned home before they came into the English chan∣nell. Two Galeons of those which were returned, were by misfortune burnt as they rode in the [ 10] hauen; and such like mishaps did many other vndergoe. Of 30000. persons which went in this expedition, there perished (according to the number and proportion of the ships) the greater and better part; and many of them which came home, by reason of the toiles & inconueniences which they sustained in this voiage, died not long after their arriuall. The Duke of Medina immediately * 1.103 vpon his returne was deposed from his authority, commanded to his priuate house, and forbidden to repaire vnto the Court; where he could hardly satisfie or yeeld a reason vnto his malicious ene∣mies and backbiters. Many honorable personages and men of great renown deceased soone after their returne; as namely Iohn Martines de Ricalde, with diuers others. A great part also of the Spa∣nish * 1.104 Nobility and Gentry employed in this expedition perished either by fight, diseases, or drow∣ning, [ 20] before their arriuall; and among the rest Thomas Perenot of Granduell a Dutchman, being Earle of Cantebroi, and son vnto Cardinall Granduell his brother.

Vpon the coast of Zeland Don Diego de Pimentell, brother vnto the Marquesse de Tamnares, and kinsman vnto the Earle of Bencu••ntum & Calua, and Colonell ouer 32. bands with many o∣ther in the same ship was taken and detained as prisoner in Zeland.

Into England (as we said before) Don Pedro de Valdez, a man of singular experience, and great∣ly honoured in his country, was led captiue, being accompanied with Don Uasques de Silua, Don Alonzo de Sayas, and others.

Likewise vpon the Scottish Westerne Isles of Lewis, and Ila, and about Cape Cantyre vpon the maine land, there were cast away certaine Spanish Ships, out of which were saued diuers Cap∣taines [ 30] and Gentlemen, and almost foure hundred souldiers, who for the most part, after their shipwracke, were brought vnto Edenborough in Scotland, and being miserably needy and na∣ked, were there cloathed at the liberalitie of the King and the Merchants, and afterward were secretly shipped for Spaine; but the Scottish Fleete wherein they passed touching at Yar∣mouth * 1.105 on the coast of Norfolke, were there staied for a time vntill the Counsels pleasure was knowne; who in regard of their manifold miseries, though they were enemies, winked at their passage.

Vpon the Irish coast many of their Noblemen and Gentlemen were drowned; and diuers slain by the barbarous and wilde Irish. Howbeit there was brought prisoner out of Ireland, Don Alon∣zo de Lucon, Colonel of two and thirty bands, commonly called a Terza of Naples; together with [ 40] Rodorigo de Lasso, and two others of the family of Cordoua, who were committed vnto the custo∣dy of Sir Horatio Palauicini, that Monsieur de Teligny the son of Monsieur de la None (who being taken in fight neere Antwerpe, was detained prisoner in the Castle of Turney) might be ransomed * 1.106 for them by way of exchange. To conclude, there was no famous nor worthy family in all Spain, which in this expedition lost not a son, a brother, or a kinsman.

For the perpetuall memory of this matter, the Zelanders caused new coine of Siluer and Brasse * 1.107 to be stamped: which on the one side contained the armes of Zeland, with this inscription; GLORY TO GOD ONELY: and on the other side, the pictures of certaine great ships, with these words; THE SPANISH FLEET: and in the circumference about the ships, IT CAME, WENT, AND WAS. Anno 1588. That is to say, the Spanish fleet came, went and was vanquished this yeere; for which, glory be giuen to God onely. Likewise they coi∣ned [ 50] another kinde of mony; vpon the one side whereof was represented a ship fleeing, and a ship sinking: on the other side, foure men making prayers and giuing thankes vnto God vpon their knees; with this sentence: Man purposeth, God disposeth. 1588. Also, for the lasting memory of the same matter, they haue stamped in Holland diuers such coines, according to the custome of the ancient Romans. Also other coines were stamped with a Fleet flying with full saile, and in∣scribed; Venit, Vidit, Fugit; It came, saw, fled: others with the fired ships, and the fleet in con∣fusion, the word DVX FOEMINAFACTI.

While this wonderfull and puissant Nauie was sailing along the English coasts, and all men did now plainly see and heare that which before they would not be perswaded of, all people * 1.108 [ 60] thorow out England prostrated themselues with humble prayers and supplications vnto God: but especially the outlandish Churches (who had greatest cause to feare, and against whom by name, the Spaniards had threatned most grieuous torments) enioyned to their people continuall fastings and supplications, that they might turne away Gods wrath and fury now imminent

vpon them for their sins: knowing right well, that prayer was the onely refuge against all ene∣mies, calamities, and necessities, and that it was the onely solace and reliefe for mankinde, being visited with affliction and misery. Likewise such solemne daies of supplication were obserued throughout the vnited Prouinces.

Also a while after the Spanish Fleet was departed, there was in England, by the commande∣ment of her Maiesty, and in the vnited Prouinces, by the direction of the States, a solemne festi∣uall day publikely appointed, wherein all persons were enioyned to resort vnto the Church, and there to render thankes and praises vnto God: and the Preachers were commanded to exhort the people thereunto. The foresaid solemnity was obserued vpon the 19. of Nouember: which day was wholly spent in Preaching, praying, giuing thankes, with the accustomed solemnities of [ 10] Bonfires, Singing, Ringing, and other wonted expressions of publike ioy.

Likewise, the Queenes Maiesty her selfe, imitating the ancient Romans, rode into London in triumph, in regard of her owne and her subiects glorious deliuerance. For being attended vpon very solemnly by all the principall estates and officers of her Realme, she was carried thorow her said Citie of London in a triumphant chariot, and in robes of triumph, from her Palace vnto the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul, out of the which the ensignes and colours of the vanquished Spaniards hung displaied. And all the Citizens of London in their Liueries stood on either side the street, by their seuerall Companies, with their Ensignes and Banners: and the streets were hanged on both sides with Blew cloath, which, together with the foresaid Banners, yeelded a ve∣ry stately and gallant prospect. Her Maiesty being entered into the Church, together with her [ 20] Clergy and Nobles gaue thankes vnto God, and caused a publike Sermon to be preached before her at Pauls Crosse; wherein none other argument was handled, but that praise, honour, and glo∣ry might be rendered vnto God, and that Gods name might be extolled by thanksgiuing. And with her own Princely voyce she most Christianly exhorted the people to doe the same: where∣upon the people with a loud acclamation wished her a most long and happy life, to the confusi∣on of her foes. The Lord Admirall had a pension assigned for his good seruice.

This publike ioy was increased by Sir Robert Sidney (now Earle of Leicester) who returning out of Scotland, related to her Maiestie the King of Scots faithfull friendship, and loue to her, and to the Religion. He had beene employed to the said King, whiles the Spanish Fleet houered on the coast, to gratulate with him in the Queenes name, for his alacrity in the common cause, and to [ 30] obtaine his promise of aide, if the Spaniards landed in Scotland; and to put him in minde how ambitiously the Spaniard sought to swallow in all Britaine, vrging the Pope to Excommunicate him, so to strip him of Scotland, and quit his succession in England; to admonish him of the threats of Mendoza and the Popes Nuntio; that therefore he should be very wary of the Papists in Scot∣land. He answered conceitedly, amongst other speeches, that he hoped for no other benefit from the Spaniard, then that which Polyphemus had promised Vlysses, namely, that when the rest were deuou∣red, * 1.109 he should be swallowed last.

Thus the magnificent, huge, and mighty fleet of the Spaniards (which themselues tearmed in all places inuincible) such as sailed not vpon the Ocean Sea many hundreth yeeres before, in the yeere 1588. vanished into smoake; to the great confusion and discouragement of the authours [ 40] thereof. In regard of which her Maiesties happy successe all her neighbours and friends congra∣tulated with her, and many Verses were penned to the honour of her Maiesty by learned men, * 1.110 whereof we will here annexe those of Master Beza.

STrauer at innumer is Hispanus nauibus aequor, * 2.1 Regnis iuncturus sceptra Britanna suis. Tanta huius, rogitas, quae motus causa? superbos Impulit Ambitio, vexit Auaritia. Quàm bene te ambitio mersit vanissima ventus? Et tumidos tumidae, vos superastis aquae! Quàm bene totius raptores orbis auaros, Hausit inexhausti iusta vorago maris! At tu, cui venti, cui totum militat aequor, Regina, ô mundi totius vna, decus, Sic regnare Deo perge, ambitione remota, Prodiga sic opibus perge inuare pios, Vt te Angli, longùm Anglis ipsa fruaris, Quàm dilecta bonis, tam metuenda malis.

The same in English.

THe Spanish Fleet did flote in narrow Seas, And bēd her ships against the English shore, With so great rage as nothing could appease, And with such strength as neuer seene before: And all to ioyne the Kingdome of that land Vnto the Kingdomes that he had in hand. Now if you aske what set this King on fire. To practise warre when he of peace did treat. It was his Pride, and neuer quencht desire, To spoile that Ilāds wealth, by peace made great: [ 50] His Pride which far aboue the heauens did swel And his desire as vnsuffic'd as hell. But well haue winds his proud blasts ouerblown And swelling waues alaid his swelling heart, Well hath the Sea with greedy gulfs vnknown, Deuoured the deuourer to his smart: And made his ships a pray vnto the sand, That meant to pray vpon anothers land. And now, O Queene, aboue all others blest, For whom both winds & waues are prest to fight [ 60] So rule your owne, so succour friends opprest, (As farre from pride, as ready to doe right) That England you, you England long enioy, No lesse your friends delight, then foes annoy.

I haue thought good to adde here the prime reports made by the Spaniards and their friends, touching the successe of their Armada, as they were printed in Spaine, and after published and scor••ed in England.

The true Relation of the successe of the Catholike Armie against their Enemies, by the Letters of the Post-master of Logrono of the fourth of Septem∣ber, and by Letters from Roan of the one and thirtieth of August, and by Letters from Paris of the Kings Embassadour there: wherein he declareth the imprison∣ment of Francis Drake, and other great Nobles of England, and how the Queene [ 10] is in the Field with an Armie, and of a certaine Mutinie which was amongst the Queenes Armie, with the successe of the said Catholike Armie since they entred in the Groyne, till they came on the Coast of England, with two Ballets * 2.2 com∣pounded by Christouer Brauo, a blind man of Cordowa, Printed with licence by Gabriel Ramos Beiarano Printer.

THe newes of England is confirmed here, by a Letter of the Gouernour of Roan. Hee writeth hee * 2.3 hath in his power the chiefe Pilot of Captaine Drake, and that he knoweth that all the English Ar∣mie remained ouerthrowne, hauing sunke two and twentie Ships, and taken fortie, and imprisoned Francis Drake, hauing giuen them chase almost as high as Abspurge, and slaine many by the sword, and likewise [ 20] saith that there was fo••••d in Captaine Drakes Ship, a Peece of Ordnance of fiue and twentie foot long, which discharged a Shot of a hundreth weight at once made of purpose, with one onely Shot to sinke our Spanish Admirall, and it pleased God, although shee was somewhat battered, yet was shee repaired againe, and ouerthrew the English Armie.

THe English haue lost aboue fortie Ships in one encounter where they could not flye, which was in * 2.4 Luxaten a Hauen in Scotland, to the which place, since the departure of the Spanish Armies from Calleis, the English Armie followed, and supposing they went to take that Hauen, they got before ours to defend the entrance: wee seeing them so neere the English Fleet, and that they could not retire, as they alwaies did when they pleased to the English Hauen, they set vpon them so valiantly that they sunke [ 30] twentie of their Ships, and they tooke twentie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 whole and sound, and the rest seeing their destruction fled away with great losse of men, and their Ships very much battered, and with this (they say) the Spanish Armie tooke the Hauen where they are very well lodged, as euery one affirmeth, and so the newes is here: I pray God giue them good successe: Wee vnderstand by the Post come from Calleis, that in England it is forbidden vpon paine of death and losse of goods, that no bodie doe write newes from thence to any place: which confirmeth the newes aboue.

I Doe not write newes of the Spanish Armie, because they are diuers, and would gladly write the very * 2.5 truth. Now by the newes which runneth from diuers places, as Calleis, Deepe, and Holland, and [ 40] presumptions from England and other places, it is holden for certaine that they fought with the English, and broken their heads, hauing sunke many of their Ships and taken others, and the rest which they say were twentie seuen Ships, returned very much battered to the Riuer of London, which are all those that could escape: There goeth with this Post another Post of Iorge Seguin of Calleis, which saith that cer∣taine Masters and Mariners of Zeland, did affirme to the Gouernours of Calleis, Mounsier de Gorden, that our Fleet is in a Hauen or Riuer in Scotland, called Trifla, where they say there may ride two thou∣sand Ships: this is that which commonly is currant here.

BY newes from London the thirtie six of August, it is knowne for most certaine from persons of cre∣dite, * 2.6 that the Queens Admiral Generall was arriued in the Riuer of London, with twentie fiue ships [ 50] onely without his Admirall Ship, which was taken by our Admirall Saint Iohn, and it is well knowne in England, that to hide the losse of their Admirall Ship, they say bee put himselfe in a smaller Ship the bet∣ter to follow our Armie: and it is knowne for certaintie that he saued himselfe in a Boat when he lost his Ship. That Drake for certaintie is taken or slaine. The same is confirmed by the way of Holland, by a Pinnace of theirs. And from Austerland, that the Queene commanded vpon paine of death, that no body should speake of her Fleet, and that there was great sorrow in those parts of England, and that the Queene had in the field thirtie thousand raw Souldiers, betwixt Douer and Margate, and that the Ca∣tholikes vnderstanding that all their Fleet was dispersed, moued a certaine Mutinie, which forced the * 2.7 Queene to goe her selfe into the Field, and for certaine it is knowne that there is not brought into Eng∣land, neither Ship nor Boat of ours, more then the Ship of Don Pedro Valdez, and that our Fleet was [ 60] gone into Scotland, and arriued in a Hauen called Trapena Euxaten.

AFter that I had written this, here is arriued a Scottishman, which saith that all the Spanish Fleet is arriued in Scotland, and that Scottishmen haue taken Armes against the English.

THat vpon the thirtieth of Iuly, without seeing any sayle of the Enemies in the Sea, hee came to the Channell, sixe leagues from Plimouth: where vnderstanding the Enemies were, hee ga∣thered * 2.8 together and set in order all the Fleet: and sayling the first of August, there was discoue∣red some Sayles of the Enemies, the which the second day were numbred to bee three score Sayle, of which the Duke tooke the wind, and passed without any fight, although he presented the same to them, how∣beit they began to shoot at the Rearward: but the Duke in the Galleon S. Martin, set the Prow of his Ship against the biggest of the Enemies, the which being succoured by twentie others, fled away: of this fight and first encounter, there was sunke three Galeasses, and foure mightie Galeons of the Queenes: there was burnt of our•• by negligence of a Gunner, the Admirall of Oquendo, and the Enemies tooke the chiefe Ship of Don Pedro de Valdez, which being entangled with others vnder his charge: was left without [ 10] Tackle, and so neere the Enemies, that shee could not be succoured by others.

With this, our Fleet seeing that the Enemy in euery point did flye from giuing battell, they sailed with some calme weather, and the Enemies after them, shooting alwayes at the Rearward, vntill the seuenth, that our Fleet ancored in the Road of S. Iohn, betwixt Calleis and Bollin, nine leagues from Dunkerk, and the Enemies did the like, the neerest they could to England.

The night being approached, the Enemies got vp their Ankers to get wind, and not to suffer our Ships to goe out of the Road to Sea, because they had trimmed eight Ships of fire, which with the current of the water, should haue put themselues amongst our Ships to haue burnt them. But my Lord the Duke, fore∣seeing the danger preuented them, with commandement that the Ships that were neerest should cut their Cables, and take vp the others with a readinesse vncredible: and with this the Enemies pretence was hin∣dered, [ 20] and so got the Sea most brauely and with good fortune, that if hee had not done it our Army should haue beene in an euill case, for in the very place where we left, there was shot off by them out of those fiery Ships, such Fires and other Engines, that were sufficient to burne the Sea, much more Ships which are made of Wood and Pitch.

In this departure, the Captaine of the Galeasses had a great mischance: for getting vp her Anker, a Cable fell foule of her Helme, that shee could not follow the rest, which caused one of her sides to lie so high that her Ordnance could not play, and so twentie fiue Pinnaces came and battared her, and with all this, if the Mariners, Souldiers and Rowers that were in her, had not cast themselues into the Sea, it is holden for certaine, that Don Hugo de Moncada had defended her, as he did vntill she came into Calleis, where at the entrance thereof, he was killed of two Caliuer shot, the people on shoare defended the Galeasse, and all [ 30] that was in her, and deliuered the same to our Soueraigne Lord the Kings Ministers.

At this time the Duke had a very franke wind, and the like had the Queenes Fleet: and so they both passed by the sight of Dunkerke, insomuch as they on Land knew the Gallion S. Martin, and others that went fighting with the English Army, and in this order they went till the twelfth.

Afterwards they write, that their came into Calleis a Ship, which saith, that the twelfth day they did see the two Fleets together in fight: another which came afterwards, said he had seene some Ships spoyled and torne, and from them they threw out their baggage which they saued in Boats, which argueth they were Ships of the Enemies, for that our men had no place to saue themselues, nor there were none of them arriued into Flanders, which was their place of returne.

OUt of England was aduise giuen, that on the thirteenth arriued fifteene of the Queenes Ships, and [ 40] they said that the Galleon S. Martin, wherin my Lord the Duke is (whom God preserue) had encoun∣tred with Drake, and had grappled his Ship, and captiued his Person, and other Noble Englishmen, and taken other fifteene Ships, beside others that were distressed, and the Duke with his Fleet followed his way i•• Scotland, because the wind was not come about.

With these newes his Maiesty resteth very much contented, and caused them to be sent to the Empresse, by the hands of Francisco Ydiaquez, his Secretary of Estate.

Imprinted in Seuill, in the House of Cosmo de Lara, Printer of Bookes, by licence of the Counte of Orgaz, Assistant in Seuill.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Papall preten∣ded causes of depriuing the Queene. Fugitiues im∣potent Zeale. Spanish argu∣ments to re∣quite good with euill.
• a 1.2

  Act. 24. 14. By the way which they cal heresie, so wor∣ship wee the God of our fa∣thers, belee∣uing all things written in the Law, &c.
• b 1.3

  They make the schisme or rent, which vniustly ex∣communicate & cut off from the body of Christ, as Io. 9, Sinite illos, coe∣ci sunt, &c.
• c 1.4

  Hinc ille lacrymae.
• d 1.5

  Withlie and all: shee reice∣ted the title of supreme head, to auoid from appearance of this euill, and declared her selfe to chal∣lenge onely, power ouer all her subiects, to command thé to do their du∣ties & execute their offices, excluding for∣rain iurisdicti∣on: as Dauid, Sal••mon, Con∣stantine, & her predecessors had done, ex∣ercising pow∣er ouer Priests, not in the Priesthood.
• e 1.6

  O impudency? What King of England euer sought the Popes confirmation King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Papall Arts made himselfe triburary but without and against his subiects con••ent; as Ma. Paris & R••••endouer then liuing testifie at larg〈…〉〈…〉 at writing being burnt and disclai∣med the subiects also rebelling against the Author thereof.
• f 1.7

  Quia totum tel••m non recep••••••et: Shee wronged them much in sou••ng [ 60] her throat from their blades.
• g 1.8

  Vnnaturall Prince, which not content with inheritance, would haue made conquest of the Pro∣uinces, so to swallow all their priuiledges, and subiect them to forraine inquisition and rule: so buying with 100. millions of treasure and the liues of 400000. Christians, the losse of those which would haue bought and sought to be his subiects, if hee would haue kept the oathes which the Pope dispensed with, twice made to them; and ruled as his predecessors had done.
• h 1.9

  The Pope confesseth hee gaue enter∣tainment to the Queenes Fug tiues, and for their sakes thus roared. The Spaniard entertained her Fugitiues, and she might not admit those whom he would not suf∣fer to obey him as his Ance∣stors had done
• i 1.10

  A mighty & cruell forgery of his Holiness
• k 1.11

  Who is here the inuader & disturber of peace? And whereto tends all this but to disanull peace?
• l 1.12

  Quis tulerit Gracchos dei se∣ditione queren∣tes?
• m 1.13

  Boner, &c. was ill handled because they were not so handled as they had handled Cran∣mer, Ridley, &c.
• n 1.14

  See M. Cam∣dens History, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 A. 1568. & seq. where those occurrents are otherwise re∣lated.
• o 1.15

  Ap. 2. 2. Thou hast tried them that say they are Apo∣stles and are not and hast found them liers.
• p 1.16

  How much more did He∣zekiab & ••osias in demolishing the meanes of superstition, how holy soe∣uer at their first institutiō? So the brasen Serpent, a Di∣uine type of Christ crucified was demolished, &c.
• q 1.17

  Uis dicam quid sis? magnus es ardelio. Pitie she promoted not Cardinal Allen or Father Parsons, the one to Lambeth, the other to Tib. I should say the Broad Seale.
• r 1.18

  What a faire deliuerance from this tyranny should we haue had by the Spanish Whips and Kniues?
• s 1.19

  We had indeed bin miserable, had we falne into the hands of such Phy∣sicians.
• t 1.20

  The holinesse of three Popes curse her, and the holy and blessed Trinitie blesse her.
• u 1.21

  Dutie and faith acknowledged and yet denied! Is not this babbling?
• x 1.22

  But God will not hold him guiltlesse that taketh his name in vaine.
• y 1.23

  Yet this is the first comman∣dement of promise; so contrary are Gods blessing and the Popes cursing. Eph. 6. 2.
• z 1.24

  A false Prophet! for neither did England e∣uer prosper more, or feare the Pope or Spaniard lesse, or so much loue or honour Her or any of her progenitors, as Her Maiesty after this: such a blessed haruest God raised out of this Cursers cursed seed.
• a 1.25

  The Duke of Medina Generall of this Fleet was of an∣other [ 60] mind, who being told of Catholikes in England which would take his part, &c. answered, That he must make way howsoeuer for his Master. And were not Count Egmond and Count Horne and others, Papists, which D'Alua executed? There were 700. Eng∣lish Fugitiues in Parmas Army for this inuasion, Qui omnium despicatissime habiti, the baggage of the Armies estimate: nor was re∣spectgiuen to Stanly and Westmerland, Traitors of note, Sed pro impietate in Patriam omni ad••tu prohibiti & tanquam pessima auspicia merito non si••e detestatione reiecti, saith Camden. They were excluded all Councells of Warre; for men vse to loue the Treason and hate the Traytor.
• * 1.26

  Matth. 26. 54. ••udas ••scario•• went to the chiefe Priests: here the chiefe Priest preuents the Traitor & cou••••a••ts for more then 30. pieces, before he be sollicited with what will you giue me〈…〉〈…〉 e ••ewish Priest•• were dul, com∣pared to these Romish.
• * 1.27

  H••••ly Fa! th〈…〉〈…〉!
• * 1.28

  Pro thesauro carbones. The Pope grants that li∣berally which is al••••ly.
• * 1.29

  The Armie of Biscay, of which is Captain Ge∣nerall Ian Mar∣tines of Ricalda.
• * 1.30

  The Armie of the Gallyes of Castille, of the which is Generall, Ia∣ques Flores de Valdes.
• * 1.31

  The Armie of the Ships of Andelo〈…〉〈…〉zie, of the which is Cap. Don Pe∣dro de Valdes. This Pedro de Valdes was ta∣ken, and priso∣ner in England.
• * 1.32

  The Armie of Ships come from the Pro∣uince of Gi∣pouzce, of which is Ge∣nerall Michell de Oquendo.
• * 1.33

  The Armie of the East, of the which is chief Martin de V••••∣tend••na.
• * 1.34

  The Armie of Hulkes in the which is Cap. Iohn Lopez of Medina.
• * 1.35

  Pata••••es and Zab••es, where in Don Antony of Mendoza. com∣mande••••.
• * 1.36

  The foure Ga∣leaces of Na∣ples, which are giuē in charge to Dom Vgo de Moncada.
• * 1.37

  A description of the Galeons
• * 1.38

  A description of the Galli∣asses.
• * 1.39

  The great O••d nance, bullets, Gunpowder, and other fur∣niture.
• * 1.40

  The i••prouisi∣on of victuals & other things necessary.
• * 1.41

  32000. person•• in the Nauie. A Spanish terza consisteth of 3200. souldiers.
• * 1.42

  Baggage of the Amada.
• * 1.43

  The cause of the Iourney.
• * 1.44

  Their Shrift.
• * 1.45

  For auoiding blasphemy and raging oathes, and others.
• * 1.46

  Debarring play.
• * 1.47

  The preparati∣on of the Duke of Parma to aide the Spa∣niards.
• * 1.48

  Her Maiesties warlike prepa∣ration by Sea.
• * 1.49

  Her Maiesties Land-forces.
• * 1.50

  Catholike Roman.
• * 1.51

  The prepa〈…〉〈…〉 on of the vni∣ted Prouinces.
• * 1.52

  The Spanish 〈◊〉〈◊〉 et••••let saile vpon the 19 of May. O multum dile∣ct: Deo. tib. mi∣litat aether co••∣iurati v••n••unt ad classica ven∣ti &c. Gains valour.
• * 1.53

  They set saile from the Groine vpon the 11. of Iuly. The Spaniards come within ke••••ing of England. Cap. Fleming.
• * 1.54

  The L. Admi∣rals short war∣ning vpon the 19. of Iuly.
• * 1.55

  The 20. of Iuly.
• * 1.56

  Gods great mercy to Eng∣land, For had not Flemming brought word, the Queenes Nauie had ea∣sily beene op∣pressed: nor could it so soon be ready, had the Spaniards then taken their opportu∣nitie.
• * 1.57

  The 21. of Iuly
• * 1.58

  Galeon for∣saken.
• * 1.59

  The 22. of Iuly
• * 1.60

  Don Pedro de Valdez with his ships and company takē.
• * 1.61

  Virtus in hoste laudanda.
• * 1.62

  55000. duckets
• * 1.63

  A great Bis∣caine ship ta∣ken by the English.
• * 1.64

  The 23. of Iuly
• * 1.65

  Slow motions of the great Spanish ships.
• * 1.66

  Admirals hot fight. Captaine Fen∣ners valour.
• * 1.67

  A great Vene∣tian ship and other ••m••ll ships taken by the English.
• * 1.68

  12000. English Mariners and Souldiers.
• * 1.69

  The 24. of Iuly
• * 1.70

  Want of Pow∣der.
• * 1.71

  Spanish order.
• * 1.72

  The 25. of Iuly
• * 1.73

  Terrible fight.
• * 1.74

  The 26. of Iuly
• * 1.75

  Guisians fear••d Ta••••. conq••••st.
• * 1.76

  The 27 of Iuly. The Spaniards ancre before Caleis.
• * 1.77

  Prince of As∣coli his good fortune.
• * 1.78

  The 28. of Iuly
• * 1.79

  The 29. of Iuly
• * 1.80

  The 30. of Iuly
• * 1.81

  States Fleete.
• * 1.82

  En••lish Hispa∣niol••zed traitors
• * 1.83

  The Spaniards vaine opinion concerning their own fleet
• * 1.84

  Sea-stratagem
• * 1.85

  The 28. of Iuly
• * 1.86

  The Galliasse of Hugo de Mon cada cast vpon the shoalds be∣fore Caleis.
• * 1.87

  M. Amias Pre∣ston 〈…〉〈…〉antly boordeth the Galliasse.
• * 1.88

  Moncada slain.
• * 1.89

  50000. duckets
• * 1.90

  The great fight before Greue∣ling the 29. of Iuly.
• * 1.91

  Englishs ships aduantage.
• * 1.92

  Gods proui∣dent mercies to the English.
• * 1.93

  Three Spanish ships sunke in the fight.
• * 1.94

  Two Galeons taken and car∣ried into Zeland
• * 1.95

  A small ship cast awa•• a∣b••ut Blanken∣berg.
• * 1.96

  The dishono∣rable fl••gh of the Spanish na∣uy▪ & the pru∣dent ••dui••e of the L. Admiral.
• * 1.97

  Our want of Powder & Bul∣lets p••••cl••ime th〈…〉〈…〉 u〈…〉〈…〉 of Gods present power & mer∣ciful both deli∣uerance and victory.
• * 1.98

  Th•• En••lish re∣turn home 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the pursuit of the Spaniards the 4. of Aug.
• * 1.99

  The Spaniards consult to saile round about Scotland & Ire∣land, and so to returne home.
• * 1.100

  Horses cast ouer-boord.
• * 1.101

  The ship wrack of the Spaniards vpon the Irish coast.
• * 1.102

  Of 134. ships of the Spanish fleet there returned home but 53.
• * 1.103

  D. of Medina.
• * 1.104

  Ricaldes death.
• * 1.105

  Spaniards pit∣tied.
• * 1.106

  Spaines general losse.
• * 1.107

  New coines stamped for the memory of the Spaniards ouer∣throw.
• * 1.108

  The people of England and of the vnited pro∣uinces, pray, fast, and giue thankes vnto God.
• * 1.109

  The Kings wise speech.
• * 1.110

  Epinitian or triumph all verses.
• * 2.1

  Ad serenissimam Elizabetham Anglia Reginam Theodor. Beza.
• * 2.2

  Like lips like lettuce. A blind Bal∣ladmaker fit Homer for A∣chillian con∣quests.
• * 2.3

  By a Letter of Diego Peres, chiefe Post∣master of Lo∣grono dated the second of Sep∣tember, 1588.
• * 2.4

  Copie of a letter that Iohn Gamarra wrote from Rean the 31. of August of the same yeere
• * 2.5

  Copie of a Letter that Pèdro de Alu•• did write from Roan the first of September of the same yeere.
• * 2.6

  Aduise from London, which the Embassa∣dor of our So∣uereigne Lord the King resi∣dent in Parris had from thence.
• * 2.7

  By a Letter of the chiefe Post master of Bur∣deux, written to the French Embassadour, the 2. of Sept. 1588.
• * 2.8

  Relation of that which ha••h passed till this day, the fifth of Sept. 1588. till three of the clock in the a••ternoon, knowne by the relations and aduice come to his Maiestie from the hap∣py Fleet, wher∣of is Generall the Duke of Medina, in the conquest of England.