Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

About this Item

Title
Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.
Author
Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.
Publication
London :: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose,
1625.
Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms
Voyages and travels -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A71305.0001.001
Cite this Item
"Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A71305.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 12, 2024.

Pages

§. IIII. [ 40] SVISKEY the Successour his Letter to our King, describing the former DEMETRIVS his Acts and Tragedie.
The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiestie by Master Iohn Mericke.* 1.1

The loue and mercie of God that guideth vs in the wayes of peace, we glorifie with the Trinitie.

[ 50]

FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia, sole Commander of Voladomer, Mosko, Nouogrod, King of Cazan and Astracan, of Sy∣beria, Lord of Vobsko, and great Duke of Smolensko, Twerskoy, Yauharskoy, Pearmskoy, Vatskoy, Bollharskoy, and of other: Lord and great Duke of Nouogro∣da of the Low Countrey of Cherneego, Rezanskoy, Polotskoy, Rostouskoy, Yereslaueskoy, Bea∣lozerskoy, Leeflanskoy, Owdorskoy, Obdorskoy, Condinskoy, and Commander of all the North parts: also Lord of the Land of Eeuerskoy, Cartalinskoy, and ouer the Empire of the Gor∣gians of the Land of Cabardinskoy, and Eeharskoy Land, likewise of many other Lordships Lord and Commander.

[ 60] To our beloued Brother Iames King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Wee giue to vn∣derstand that Sigismund King of Poland, and great Duke of Letto, in Anno 7109. did send vnto the late Emperour Boris, his Embassadour named Lewis Sapeago, being Chancelor of the great Duke∣dome of Poland, requesting the said Emperour Boris, that the former league and peace made and concluded vpon by the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia, and

Page 766

him Sigismond King of Poland, might be stedfastly holden and continued till the time of that league were expired.* 2.1 As also that the Emperour Boris would inlarge the said league for thirtie yeeres more, whereupon the Emperour Boris yeelded thus farre vnto the request of the King of Poland, that hee would continue the old league till the full time were expired, and assent to a new league for twentie yeeres more; and to that effect he tooke an Oath, to hold and keepe all the contents faithfully, mentioned in the said Writing, touching the same league: and instead of the King of Poland, his Embassadour Lewis Sapeagoe was sworne in the presence of the Emperour Boris. And after the Polish Embassadour was departed from the Mosko, the Emperour Boris sent vnto Sigismund King of Poland his Embassa∣dour, being one of the Priuie Councell, called Michailo Zleabowich Sallteecoue, with some others to end and finish the aforesaid league, to the which league the King of Poland himselfe was sworne in the presence of the Emperours Embassadour to hold and keepe the said league faithfully, according to the te∣nour [ 10] of their Writing.

* 2.2But not long after Sigismund King of Poland, with one Pauarade, entred into such a practise, as be therein falsified his Oath, and made way to the shedding of much Christian bloud: First, by retayning and vpholding one Gryshca Otreapyoue, a Runnagate, a Coniurer, and one that left his profession being a Monke, and ran away out of Russia into Poland, and being come thither, tooke vpon him to be the Son of the great Emperour Euan Vassilawich of famous memorie, and by name Demetry Euanowich: when as it was well knowne in our Kingdome, that before he was shorne a Monke, he was commonly called Yowshco, Son to one Bowghdan Otreapyoue, dwelling at a place called Galitts: and when hee had committed much villanie,* 2.3 to saue his life he shoare himselfe a Frier, and so runne from one Monasterie [ 20] to another, and lastly, came into a Monasterie called Chowdo, where hee was made one of the Clearkes; being so placed there by the Patriarke of Mosko himselfe: But he did not leaue off his former life; for he continued still in his most Deuillish actions, as he did before he was shorne, committing villany, forsaking God and falling to the studie of the Blacke Arte, and to many such like euils he was inclined. Also there was found by him a Writing which shewed how he was falne from God,* 2.4 and the same was made well knowne to the holy Patriarch of Mosko, and of all Russia, and to the Metropolitanes, Archbishops, and Bishops, and to all the holy Cleargie: whereupon the said Rulers of our true Christian Faith, which is from the Grecian Law,* 2.5 for these his most vngodly works, consulted to send him to perpetuall Prison, there to end his life. Whereupon this notorious Instrument of Satan, perceiuing this his ouerthrow, and that his vile pra∣ctises were discouered,* 2.6 ran away out of the Kingdome of Mosko, beyond the borders, and into Letto to a [ 30] place called Keeyeue: thus according to the Deuils instructing of him, as one forsaken of God, he made this his doing manifestly known to all people, leauing off his Monks Habit, and withall by the counsell and aduice of our Enemie the Polish King, and one of his Palatines named Sandamersko Yourya, m 2.7 with Duke Constantine, and Duke Veshneuetskoy and his Brethren with other Polish Lords that were of his Councell, began to call him the Son of the great Lord, Emperour and great Duke Euan Vassilywich, by name Prince Demetry of Owglitts.

As also by his villanous treacherie and the Deuills perswading of him, he made much trouble in our Land, by sending abroad many of his intising and prouoking Letters, to diuers places vpon the borders of our Countrey: that is, to a place called Done, and to the Volgoe, to our Cossacks and Souldiers, na∣ming himselfe to be the Prince Demetry of Owglitts. Moreouer, there came to our Kingdome of [ 40] Mosko many Polish Spies, which brought and dispersed Libels both in Citie and Townes, and in the high-wayes, practising to rayse dissention in the Kingdome of Mosko. Also it is well knowne, not only to them in the Empire of Mosko, but likewise in other Kingdomes, that the great Lord Emperour, and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of famous memory, had a Sonne called by the name of Prince Deme∣try, and after his Fathers decease, there was giuen vnto him and his Mother the Citie of Owglitts. But in the yeere 7095. being in the Reigne of the great Lord, Emperour and great Duke Theodore E∣uanowich of all Russia, this foresaid Demetry was murthered by the order and appointment of Boris Godenoue. And at his Funerall was his Mother now called the Empresse Martha, with her owne Bre∣thren by name Michaila and Greegory the Sonnes of Theodore Nahouo.* 2.8 Likewise to his burying, there was sent from the Mosko Metropolitanes, and Archimandreets, and Abbots: and the great Lord Emperour, and great Duke Theodore Euanowich sent to his Funerall many Nobles and Cour∣tiers [ 50] of the Land which saw him buried in the chiefest and principall Church of Owglitts. Moreouer. Martha the Dutches and Empresse his Mother is yet liuing, and many of her Brothers and Vnckles, which doe at this present time serue vs the great Lord Emperour,* 2.9 and great Duke Vassily Euanowich, of all Russia sole Commander: Likewise in these last yeeres past, as in Anno 7111. and in Anno 7112. and 7113. concerning that foresaid Traytour and Hereticke, the forsaken of God Gryshca Otreapyo∣ue, many of our Gentlemen, Captaynes and others our Officers did many times write from the North parts of the borders of our Kingdome into Poland and Letto, and to others their inferiour Cities, to the Rulers and Gouernours of the same; as also our spirituall people: the Patriarke, the Metropolitans, Arch∣bishops, and Bishops wrote vnto the spirituall people of Poland, declaring vnto them what that Heretick and Traytor was,* 2.10 likewise from whence he came and what manner of person he was; as also of his demea∣nour, [ 60] and likewise of the occasion why hee runne away to them out of the Land, as also the manner of the making away of the Prince Demetry, and withall requested the Rulers and Spirituall people of Poland, that they knowing what Runnagate this was, would not giue credit vnto him, nor to make a breach of the late league concluded vpon.

Page 767

But the Gouernours of the Dukedome of Poland and Letto, as also the spirituall men, according to the King of Poland his commandment, gaue no credit vnto our writings, but began, more then be∣fore to intice and perswade men to vphold the Traitor, and to aide him. Moreouer, to make trouble and dissention in our Land, they tooke this forsaken of God, Greeshca vnto them, and cald him by the name of Prince Demetry of Owglits: likewise the King gaue vnto him a chaine of gold, with many thousand peeces of Polish gold, to the defraying of his charges;* 2.11 as also sent in armes to our borders with one of his Lords, the Palatine Sendamersko, and another of his chiefest Lords, with many troopes of Poles. But when the Emperour Boris vnderstood how that this Gryshca Otreapyoue was called, by the name of Prince Demetry Euanowich of Owglits, and withall, that they did aide and helpe him against the Kingdome of Russia: he caused his Counsell to send a messenger, as from themselues, to the [ 10] Polish Lord Panameerada, which Messenger was named Smeernay Otreapyoue,* 2.12 being Vnckle to the said Gryshca Otreopyoue being the Son of one Iamateen Otrepayou, onely to declare vnto them what this Gryshca was; but that Polish Lord Panameerada would not suffer him, and his Vnckle to be brought face to face. But he made answer to the said Messenger Smeernay, that they did not aide him, neither did they stand for him in any sort.

So after he had sent away the Messenger Smeernay, the King of Poland, and the Lord Panamee∣rada did aide Gryshca Otreapyoue with men and treasure more liberally then before, purposing to make great strife and trouble, and to shed much bloud in the Kingdome of Mosco. Also at the same time Si∣gismund, King of Poland, requested the aide of one of the Princes of Crim in Tartaria, named Caza∣teera; and to that end he should aide Gryshca with his forces, against the Kingdome of Mosko;* 2.13 and [ 20] he in consideration, did promise to giue vnto the foresaid Crim, Prince, what hee would demand. Then the Emperour Boris vnderstanding what practises were in hand, being altogether contrary to the league; thereupon purposely he sent to Sigismund King of Poland, another speciall Messenger, one named Pos∣nicke Agareoue; likewise at the same time, the holy Patriarke of Mosco, and all Russia, with the Me∣tropolitans, Archbishops, and Bishops, with all the rest of the holy Clergie,* 2.14 sent their Messengers with Letters to the State of Poland, and so the great Dukedome of Letto, to the Archbishops, and Bishops, and to all the Spiritualtie. Moreouer, in the said Letters, the Emperour Boris with the Patriarke, and all the holy assembly, wrote vnto the Lord Panameerada concerning Gryshca, making it knowne vnto them what he was, and wherefore he ranne away into Poland, and likewise that the Sonne of the great Lord Emperour, and great Duke Euan Vasiliwich, the Prince Demetry was dead: And to that [ 30] intent, that the King Sigismund should not giue credit to the said Gryshca, and that they should not spill Christian bloud nor violate the league.

Hereupon Sigismund King of Poland writ vnto the Emperour Boris, and further, by word of mouth, both he and Panameerada deliuered to the said messenger in his message, that hee did hold and keepe their League, and moreouer, did not violate or breake his oath no manner of way: and likewise did write, that he did not ayde that foresaid Gryshca, neither did giue credit vnto him: withall deny∣ing that he was with him in his Kingdome: and further he did write, that if there were any out of Poland or Letto that did aide or assist him, that then they should be executed. But after he had dispatched a∣way the messenger of Boris, not regarding his oath, still more and more did aide and helpe this Grysh∣ca Otreapyoue. Also the Palatine Sendamersko, and Myhala Ratanisko came into the King∣dome [ 40] of Mosco, to a place called the Land of Seeuersko, putting the people of that Land in feare, and perswading them there, this Gryshca was the true Prince, and that the King of Poland and Pana∣meerada, had found out the certaintie thereof: and therefore they will haue Poland and Letto stand for him. Also from out of many other Kingdomes they goe to aide and assist him: likewise other infe∣riour Kingdomes are willing to stand for him: moreouer, that Gryshca in the foresaid Land of Seeuersko, and in other places of our Borders, by the meanes of his diuellish practises and coniurations did intise and tempt them to fall to him: likewise the people of those foresaid places of the Land of Seeuersko, and on the Borders, being simple people, and resorting seldome to the Citie of Mosco, and being intised by Gryshca, and the rest of the Gouernours, could not withstand, but yeelded them vnto them. Where∣upon against those Polonians and Lettoes, and other enemies that were already entred the Kingdome of [ 50] Mosco, the Emperour sent his Nobles with a great Armie: but by the appointment of God, the Em∣perour Boris deceased; vpon whose death, the chiefest of the Nobles departed the Campe. And after their departure, the Armie hearing of the death of the Emperour, and being drawne thereto by feare and otherwise, at last yeelded themselues ouer vnto Gryshca, as the Borderers had done before.

Also the foresaid Gryshca, by the helpe of the Diuell, and King Sigismund, and Panameerada, came into the Citie and Kingdome of Mosco, to the great disquietnesse and trouble of the whole Land; by whom the Religion was corrupted, and by him were many true Christians put to exile, for denying his right and interest to the Kingdome of Mosco. And shortly after he was setled in the Kingdome, and he tooke to wife the daughter of one Sandamersko, as was appointed by the King of Poland and Pana∣meerada: the which wife of his was in Mosco with her Father and Brother Senatskoy, and with one [ 60] Veshneuetskoy, with their Polish and Letto Lords, and other people, by whom Religion was propha∣ned: as also we were forced and driuen to receiue many wrongs and iniuries, which the people of the King∣dome of Mosco could not indure. Also, at last this Greeshca, by the counsell of the Palatine Sanda∣mersko his Father in Law, and by the counsell of Veshneuetskoy, and other Polish and Letto people,* 2.15

Page 768

which he brought in with him, was purposed, by a secret politicke deuise to haue put to death the Me∣tropolitans, Archbishops, and Bishops, and all the holy and spirituall assembly, with the Nobles, and Cour∣tiers, and diuers others which were of the better people▪ and so to haue sent others into Poland and Letto; withall to haue changed the Religion, and to haue established the Romish Religion, for which purpose he brought with him many Iesuites.* 2.16

The which we the great Lord and great Duke Vasily Euanowich, of all Russia, with the Metropo∣litans, Archbishops, and Bishops, and with all the holy spirituall assembly, and with the Nobles, Courti∣ers, and Commons of the Kingdome of Mosco, well considering, and perceiuing what an alteration this would be to our Christian faith, with the ouerthrow and vtter vndoing to our whole Kingdome: we then earnestly bewail'd and lamented, and withall hartily prayed to the almightie Trinitie our onely Lord God, that liueth and defendeth mankinde, that it would please him to deliuer vs, and the Common-wealth [ 10] from those vile, cruell, diuellish attempts, and deuises of theirs. Thus desiring the mercy of God, we all re∣turned and stood stedfast to our former vnspotted and true Christian faith, against that vsurper and counterfeit Gryshca and his Counsell, with a resolution to stand in the same manfully, and euen to the death, hoping and longing for the time that all people, and warlik men and Souldiors and many others of the Empire of Mosco might come to gather themselues together, & that they might likewise perceiue and dis∣cern this vsurping Heretick, and his diuellish courses, by which he did decline from the true Christian faith of our Religion. The largenesse of the Kingdome of Mosco cannot be vnknowne vnto you our louing Bro∣ther,* 2.17 how farre it extendeth it selfe both to the South, and to the West, as also to other places, that in halfe a yeares space they could not gather themselues together. But when as the power and warlike Soul∣diours, [ 20] and all other people were gathered together, then through the mercie and fauour of God, this ene∣my of Gods Commonwealth was discouered to all what he was. And the Empresse Martha, being Mo∣ther of the true Prince Demetry Euonowich, did certifie vnto vs before the Metropolitans, Arch∣bishoppes, and Bishoppes, and before all the holy assembly, as also to the Nobles and Courtiers, and other Officers, and men of worth within our Empire, did shee deliuer, that her Sonne the Prince Demetry was murthered beyond reason, at a place cald Owglits, by appointment of Boris Godenoue, and that he dyed in her armes; yet did this Gryshca falsely call himselfe by the name of him that was murthered.

Also we found in the custody of this Gryshca, the Copie of a writing, which was the contract and agreement that he made betwixt him and the Palatine, before his comming out of Poland; in which [ 30] was written,* 2.18 that as soone as he did come to the Kingdome of Mosco, that then he would take to wife the daughter of the Palatine, and would giue her two Prouinces, called great Nouogrod and Vobsko, with counsell, Courtiers, Gentlemen, and Priests, fitting to a Congregation, with inferior Castles and Lands, freely in those foresaid, to build and set vp Monasteries, and also to set vp the Romish Religion; And when he came to the Kingdome of Mosco, that then he should giue vnto the Palatine tenne thou∣sand pieces of Polish Gold, which is by our Russia account, three hundred thousand Markes: and to his wife, in consideration of her long Iourney, he promised to giue cloth of Gold, and cloth of Siluer, and of all the best things that was in the Treasurie of the Kingdome of Mosco. Likewise, that hee the said Gryshca, at his comming to Mosco, would take order to bring these things to passe with all diligence, whereby he might draw all the Dominion of Mosco from our true Grecian Religion, and so to haue tur∣ned [ 40] vs into the Romish Religion, and to haue destroyed the holy Church ouer all the Empire of Mosco, and so to haue built vp the Religion of the Church of Rome: and for the performing of all this, the said Gryshca was sworne to the Palatine Sandamersko, in the presence of the Teachers of the Land, as beforesaid; that he according to his owne hand writing, would hold all the said couenants with all di∣ligence, as likewise to bring all the Empire of Mosco to the Romish Religion. The which couenants and agreements the Generall Sandamersko himselfe hath confessed to our Maiestie, and Nobles, that the foresaid agreements and couenants betwixt him and the foresaid Gryshca were true, and how that they trusted one to another: moreouer, the Palatine did certifie vnto our Nobles, how Gryshca sent him a Letter vnder his owne hand and Seale, in which he promised to giue him Smolensko, with all the Prouin∣ces belonging thereto, and another place called Seeuerow, as also gaue him liberty to set vp Monaste∣ries, [ 50] and the Religion of the Church of Rome. Further, there was found by him Letters which were sent to him from the Pope of Rome,* 2.19 and the Cardinals, and Priests, to that effect, that he should re∣member and withall be mindefull to take in hand speedily those matters and businesse vpon which he had giuen to Sigismund, and the Cardinals his troth and vow, the which was, as beforesaid, to be himselfe of the Romish Religion, as also to bring all the people of the Kingdome of Russia into the same Romish Re∣ligion, not onely them that of themselues were willing thereto, but also others by compulsion, and to put them to death that fought to contrary the same. And not onely them of the Kingdome of Russia, but like∣wise other godly people of seuerall Religion: and that doe serue in the Kingdome of Mosco, as the Ca∣tholicks, and the Caluinists, them likewise he should seeke to bring into the Romish Religion with all per∣swasions. Moreouer, Gryshca himselfe, before vs, and our Nobles, and Courtiers, and before our Com∣mons, [ 60] did acknowledge as much, and thereupon yeelded himselfe to be in fault: as also that he did all with helpe of the Diuell, hauing forsaken God.

For which these his vile actions, this Gryshca, according to the true iustice, receiued an end to his life, and was by abundance of people slain in the Mosco, where he lay three dayes in the midst of the Citie, to the

Page 769

view of all such like vsurpers, and disturbers. And because his body was loathsome vnto vs,* 2.20 we caused it to be carried out of the Citie, and there to be burnt.

This Enemie thus hauing ended his life, then the Kings sonnes of diuers Countries, now dwelling within our Kingdome, with the Patriarke, Metropolitanes, Archbishops, and Bishops, with the Nobles, Courtiers, and the Commons, made entreaty vnto vs Vasili Euanowich,* 2.21 to raigne and gouerne ouer them and ouer all the Kingdome of Mosco, as their Lord, Emperour, and great Duke of all Russia. Ac∣cording to which entreatie made vnto vs by the said Kings sons of diuers Countries, as likewise by our No∣bles, Courtiers, Merchants, and all the rest of the Commons of all the Kingdome of Mosco, Wee are come to the great Kingdomes of Volodemar, Mosco, Nouogrod, and as also of the Kingdomes of Ca∣zan, Astracan, and Siberia, and ouer all the Prouinces of the Empire of Mosco: as also wee the great [ 10] Lord Emperour, and great Duke of all Russia, are crowned with our Imperiall Crown: and for the said Kings sonnes of diuers Religions, and our Nobles, Courtiers, and Souldiers, and all manner of Peo∣ple, doe serue our Imperiall Maiesty with desire and good liking voluntarily, and not by delusions and coniurations, as the Poles and Lettoes were bewitched by Grishca. But we the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasili Euanowich, with great care stayed and restrayned our People from the spoyle of the Poles and the Lettoes, defending them from death; and withall haue commanded to let goe ma∣ny of them into Poland and Letto: but the chiefest of them that were of the Councell, and that practi∣sed to bring trouble and dissention in the Kingdome of Mosco, are now taken. And we to doe an honour vnto the dead body of the true Demetrie, haue (vpon conference with our Metropolitanes, Archbishops, [ 20] and Bishops, and all the holy Assembly, our Nobles and Courtiers, and all the Kingdome of Mosco) sent to the Citie of Owglets a Metropolitan, named Filareta, of Rostoue and Yeraslaue, who was called before he was made Metropolitan, Theodor Neekete, which being one of the Nobles in times past, and with him the Archbishops of Astracan, called Feodosia, and our Nobles the Duke Euan Michalowich Vorotinskoy, with the rest of his fellowes, commanding them to bring vp with them the body of the Prince Demetrie Euanowich, who was murthered by the appointment of Boris Godonoue, and to bring it vp to our Citie of Mosco with great honour, which body shall be buried in the principall Church of Mosco, called Michael the Archangel, neare to his father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilowich of famous memorie, and by Gods power his body shall not be touched or abused any manner of way. Likewise will we, by the fauour of God, honour the Funerall of Demetrie Euanowich with spe∣ciall solemnitie, which body performeth many cures, and worketh miraculously vnto them,* 2.22 that come to [ 30] him with Faith to be cured of their diseases.

And now most louing and deare brother, wee calling well to minde the great amitie and friendship that was betwixt the great Lord Emperour, and great Duke Euan Vasilywich, and his Sonne Theodor Euanowich, the Emperour Boris, and the great Lady Queene Elizabeth: the like brotherly loue doe we desire to haue with you, most louing and deare brother, to be established and continued betwixt vs, as it was with them, during our liues. Therefore may it please you, our louing brother Iames, King of Eng∣land, after the hearing of these great and strange dangers past, to reioyce with vs, that he hath deliuered from such a vile enemy, and that he, our mercifull God, hath diuided and scattered that wicked coun∣sell, and that he hath turned their cruelty vpon their owne head, to their shame and confusion. And con∣cerning your Merchants that were in our Kingdome, Iohn Merricke with his fellowes, we haue graced [ 40] them with our Emperiall presence; as also haue giuen vnto the said Iohn Merricke and his fellowes,* 2.23 a new priuiledge, and Letters of fauour, by which they shall come into our Kingdome, and to traficke with all manner of goods freely, without paying any Custome whatsoeuer, and as to them was gran∣ted in former time, and this fauour we haue giuen them to manifest vnto you our louing Brother, our Bro∣therly loue. And the reason that we haue not sent to you, louing brother, our Embassadour, is, because we had not time, in regard of many our Emperiall affaires, but hereafter doe purpose to send, to visite you in your Kingdome. Written at our Emperiall palace and Citie of Mosco, from the beginning of the World Anno 7114. the fourth day of Iune.* 2.24

Thus is Demetrius painted out by his Enemies, which perhaps were not altogether led with [ 50] simplicitie of truth, but in many things made him worse,* 2.25 that they might make their owne cause (bad enough) to appeare better. They tell also of great outrages committed by the Poles,* 2.26 (like those sometimes here in England by the Danes) their proud insulting ouer the men, rauish∣ments of women, fetching them out of their houses and husbands bosomes to serue their lusts: neither did Demetrius, as they say, punish them; one onely being sentenced, and hee violently rescued from execution by the Poles. They say also that Demetrius his body was plucked out of the graue and burnt, the ashes throwne into the aire, the seeds, as the sequele seemed to shew, of many Demetrij after.

Suiskey is also by some reported to haue beene chosen by lot in this manner. The Nobles cast [ 60] lots foure times to receiue a Successor, as it were, by diuine sentence in lot-oracle:* 2.27 in euery of which times the lot fell vpon Suiskey (for as some say, there were three or foure neerer then hee) he modestly refusing and enforced by constancy of the various lot to accept that Scepter; where∣of others thinke him as ambitious, as was modest Boris before him. Howeuer, he hath left his name and memorie written in as blacke inke as either Boris or Demetrius, if Reports bee true,

Page 770

which say that he proued a wicked Prince, partly by poison, partly by the Tartars, making away all,* 2.28 whose bloud might by Nobilitie threaten a probabilitie of their prouing his Corriuals. Yea, he is said to haue sent for Witches and Sorcerers, Laps, Samoeds, Tartars, or whatsoeuer other Nation yeelded such Hell-hags, incarnate Fiends, the Deuils blacke guard, to consult about his Empire and succession; and (the Deuill is a murtherer) to haue sealed their predictions with bloud. Thus being told that one Michalowich should succeed, he is said presently to haue plot∣ted the death of three Grandes of that name,* 2.29 his best seruants: yet the superstitious people ob∣serue (after much chopping and changing) that in little time the State was settled on one of that Name, which still swaieth the Scepter; Who then being a youth of no State-terror, was his attendant in Court, and bare an Axe (after their custome) before him. [ 10]

One of his first Acts, was to send into Poland an Embassage, which could not bee admitted audience till Ianuarie. Hee thereby complayned of Sandomerskos artes which obtruded that Changeling on Russia, whereby aboue two hundred of principall Nobilitie had lost their liues: demanding restitution of the moneys which that Impostor had caused to bee transported into Poland, and restitution of goods; otherwise hee would with Charles of Sweden Duke of Suder∣man, enter Poland with an Armie to bee reuenged for the league (which they had sworne) bro∣ken, &c. Sigismund answered modestly, with excuse of their helping the right Heire in their conceits, and that his desire was that peace should continue (being loth in times then tumultuous at home, to prouoke a forreine enemie, so neere in dwelling, so remote in affection) Sandomersko still remayned prisoner in Russia. But things being better setled in Poland, and growing worse in [ 20] Russia, by the dislike conceiued against Suiskey, a double danger grew to him both from another reuiued Demetrius (yea many pretending that Name and Title did after arise, as out of his di∣spersed ashes) within Russia; and from the Poles without, willing both to assist him vnder co∣lour of Reuenge, and with hope of Conquest also, to inuade and fish for themselues in troubled waters.

As for that Demetrius new risen from the dead (not to mention the others of inferiour note) I shall relate Captaine Gilberts reports which knew him and was by him entertayned, as I recei∣ued them of a iudicious friend of mine, which had them from his owne mouth. Hee being at Coluga (as before is said) receiued a Letter from this new Demetrius * 2.30, so written that it appea∣red to bee of the former Demetrius his owne hand: and thus also he vsed to doe to others being [ 30] able to counterfeit his writing, and to relate such other particulars as seemed impossible to any but Demetrius to doe. Hereupon Captaine Gilbert went with his Guard of Souldiers to meete him and the Polake Generall which came with him. And whiles he was yet a good distance off, Ah (this Demetrius called to him) my true seruant, where were you and my Guard, when the vil∣laines hurt me? but if I had followed the counsell which you gaue me such a time in such a place (re∣lating the particulars) I had preuented them. This circumstance had moued him to beleeue this to be the former Demetrius, had not he differed from this in person, as night from day. Thus also he said he affirmed to the Pole Generall,* 2.31 asking him how he liked this Demetrius, that This and That were as like as Night and Day (for the former was of goodly personage, and this a very de∣formed wretch.) The Pole replyed, It is no matter, Captaine, this Demetrius shall serue our [ 40] turne to bee reuenged of the perfidious and bloudie Russe. And this Demetrius acted the other so neerly, and could so cunningly and confidently relate particular passages of past occurrents, that the Lady of Demetrius was by him bedded. Thus was miserable Russia ground betwixt these two Mill-stones, the pretending Demetrius and the super-intending Pole. Suiskey is helped not a little by the English,* 2.32 which brought him strangely and aduenturously powder and munition to his Castle to Mosco, which yet at last by reuolt of the Citizens deliuers vp it selfe and him to the Poles. And as for that pretending Demetrius, he was afterwards murthered in his Campe by a Tartar. But it is meet to take hereof larger view.

* 2.33Sigismund King of Poland layeth claime to Sweden, as sonne to King Iohn (who is said to haue vniustly depriued Ericus of his life and Kingdome) whose yonger brother Duke Charles first re∣ceiued [ 50] his Nephew King Sigismund (then also elected and still continuing King of Poland) but vpon warres which after arose betwixt them, the issue was, that the Pole holds the Title; but Charles obtayned both Regall Title and Power, wherein his Sonne hath succeeded. Suiskey takes hold of this difference, and Charles assists him with an Armie sent vnder the command of Pontus de la Gard a French Coronell, consisting of English, French, and Scots. These march to Mosco, which the new Demetrius and Poles held besieged, and put Demetrius into such feare, that not trusting the Pole, and fearing his Aduersaries on both sides, he stole away by night with a small retinue:* 2.34 and the Poles obtayned Articles of composition and departed. But miserable were the distresses by famine, fire, sword, rapes, and other outrages in other parts of Russia, caused by o∣ther Poles; and yet these but as a beginning and prelude to other following. For the King of [ 60] Poland entred with a huge Armie (some say of an hundred thousand men) inuaded the Musco∣uite, and especially laid siege to Smolensko. He is reported thence to haue sent twentie thousand to besiege Mosco.

Suiskey had sent to King Charles for more aide, which he procured out of England, and other

Page 771

Countries, of which I had rather let you heare an eye-witnesse speake of this, as elsewhere other English men haue related their owne voyages. This indeed deserueth relation, as a tragedie of meaner persons with manifold vicissitudes of miseries (attending voluntarie Souldiers) as before you haue seene tragedies of Princes and Grandes. And first you may reade King Charles his com∣pact and promised stipend to such voluntaries, which for the more vnderstanding Readers de∣light I haue here inserted.

NOs Carolus Nous, Dei gratia Suecorum, Gothorum, Wandalorum, Finnonum, Corelio∣rum, Lapporum, Conanorum, Esthonum{que} in Liuonia, &c. Rex. Notum facimus quod il∣lustrem [ 10] & generosum nobis syncere dilectum Dominum Iacobum Spentzium, Baronem Wolmerscho∣nium in ministrorum nostrorum numerum clementer receptum, omnium qui nostris nunc militant, aut in posterum militaturi sunt auspicijs, Anglorum, Scotorum{que} ducem & praefectum constituimus, ea condi∣tione vt in nostrum, Regni{que} nostri vsum, pedtes mille, & equites quingentos, spectatae virtutis milites conscribat, adductos{que} ••••unte vere ad 12. scilicet Maij sequentis Anni 1609. in Regno sistat. Cu nos ad dictos milites tam colligendos quàm in regnum traducendos, in pedites quidem nouem, in equites vero quatur thalerorum imperialium millia & quingintos assignai••••••. Cum autem in regnum praefatus militum numerus appulerit, illis si equos & arma subministraerimus, ea peditum quidem singulorum dimidij equitum vero duorum de cuius{que} stipendio menstruo thalerorum singulis mensibus donec pro ar∣mis & equis nobis satisfiat, detractione soluentur. Ipsi duci primario Peditum vero singulis cohortibus [ 20] (quarum quaeuis ducentis Capitaneo caeteris{que} officiarijs vna comprehensis constabat) mille septingentos thaleros in mensem dabimus. Equidem autem cohors quaelibet centum equites continebit. Quod si pau∣ciores fuerint, quot personae in prima lustratione defecerint, totidem thalero menstruo Capitaneorum, E∣quicum{que} Magistrorum stipendio detrahentur: In sequentibus vero lustrationibus quae singulis mensibus semel institui debent, si qui forte intera ex hac vita decesserint, aut alio quocun{que} modo, militum nume∣rus fuerit ita diminutus, vt pedites cuius{que} cohortis ducentis pauciores sint (non tamen in eam paucitatem redactus vt ad tuendum, ornandum{que} vexillum modo militari pedites ••••pares inueniantur▪) Capitane nihilomius stipendium integrum ad sex menses persoluetur, quod si postea defectum non suppleuerit, ipse officio Capitanei carebit & pedites ipsius per caeteras cohortes, ad earum supplementum distribuentur. E∣quites vero cohortis cuius{que}, si centum pauciores fuerint, Magister equitum nihilominus donec nume∣rus sexagenario maior fuerit stipendium integrum consequetur, id{que} ad sex menses duntaxat. His autem [ 30] exactis, nisi praestitutum, centum equitum numerum suppleuerit, ips munere suo priuabitur, & equites per caeteras cohortes distribuentur. Magistro equitum centum, Vicario seu locum tenenti quadragin∣ta, Signifero triginta, Decurioni viginti, singulis ductoribus viginti, cui{que} buccinatori sex, Equitibus ve∣ro singulis duodecem thaleri, in singulos menses munerabuntur. Dicto autem duci generali, vt sequentes officiarios sibi adiungeret clementer ermisimus: Vicarium generalem, cui quadringintos, praefectum vi∣giliarum, cui nonaginta, Secretarium cui octoginta, Praetorem cui sexaginta, Praefectum anonae cui sexaginta, Pastorem cui sexaginta, Chirurgum cui quadraginta, Archicustodem cui quadraginta, In∣spectorem armorum cui quadraginta, Tympanistam cui sedecim florenos in singulos menses promissi∣mus. Primus autem stipendij mensis intra decimum quintum diem à militum in regnum aduentu in∣choabitur. Liberam quo{que} habebit praefatus dux Primarius plenam{que} istatiae exercendae potestatem in [ 40] omnes suo imperio subiectos, id{que} in omni criminis genere excepto 〈◊〉〈◊〉 las Maiestatis; Peditum cui∣que subsidij loco thalerum vnum; Capitaneis autem & reliqus officiarijs stipendij singulis designati di∣midium; Magistro militum duodecim; Eius Vicario octo, signifero sex, cui{que} Decurioni quatuor singulis ex tribus ordinum ductoribus tres, Buccinatori vnum cum dimidio, singulis vero equitibus duos in sep∣timanam thaleros dabimus; Semestri quolibet exacto habita{que}, ccurata supputatione, quod de menstruo stipendio reliquum est, eis persoluetur, habita tamen ratione numeri quem in singulis delectibus seu mili∣tum lustrationibus Capitanei equitum{que} Magistri exhibuerint. Quod si dux militibus suis secundum aliquod praelium fecerit, aut arcem vrbem{que} aliquam vi expugauerit, eo ipso die quo id contigerst priore finito nouus menss inchoabitur. Liberum quo{que} erit Ducibus singulis, quoties necesse erit ••••cohortium supplementum adducendum aliquem mittere, qui dum absens erit stipendium sicum nihilominus conseque∣tur, [ 50] pro singulis autem qui in supplementum adducti fuerint decem thaler numerabuntur. Quod si in praelijs, velitationibus, excubijs aut alio quouis casu quenquam ducum, aut militum in hostium potesta∣tem venire contigerit, id{que} non spontanea deditione aut alia ratione subdola & fraudulenta accidisse com∣pertum fuerit, is alius suae conditionis status{que} captiui permutatione liberabtur. Hostium vero aliquis si captiuus ad nos nostriue exercitus Ducem à quoquam eorum perductus fuerit, quod pro su liberatione captiuus praetium spoponderit, id ei, qui captiuum duxerit, numerabitur. Quod▪ si quisquam horum mi∣litum pila ictus tormentaria, aut alio quouis modo mutilus, aut mancus euadit, ita vt ipse s alere vi∣ctum{que} quaerere nequeat, illi à nobis pro vt cuius{que} requirit status & conditio, honestum stipendium per omnem vitam suppeditabitur: sin vero diutius in hoc Regno nostro commorari noluerit, tum vnius mensis [ 60] accepto stipendio integrum ei erit, quo libuerit commigrare. Cum cohortes, siue simul, siue seperatim ex∣auctorabuntur, singulis officiarijs & militibus mensis vnius numerabitur stipendium. Si aut praefat••••s pri∣marius aut alius inferiorum Ducum vel Officiariorum à S. R. M. Britanniae accersetur, persoluto quod tunc forte restabit stipendio, ipso{que} duce remunerato, libera dabitur discedendi facultas. In quorum eui∣dentiorem

Page 772

fidem manus propria subscriptione Regiae{que} nostri sigilli appensione praesentes muniuimus.

Ex Regia nostra Stocholmensi die 7. Octobris, Anni Millesimi sexcentesimi octaui.

Subscript. CAROLVS.

* 3.1ABout a fortnight before Midsummer, which was A. 1609. a companie of Voluntaries, to the number of a thousand and two hundred Souldiers, were at seuerall times shipped from Eng∣land to passe into Sweden, to aide the King of that Countrie in his warres against the King of Po∣land. To which aide diuers other Nations did likewise resort, as French, high Dutch, &c. Of the English Companies that went thither,* 3.2 the first was commanded by one Caluine a Scot; who [ 10] by appointment was made Lieutenant Colonell, and chiefe of the other Captaines ouer the footmen.

After the first Companie was gone, a second number of three hundred men (of which I the Relator of this, was one) were put into one ship belonging to Sweden, and came from thence for vs. We were assaulted with a great tempest, and were tossed so long, that all our victuals were almost spent: the miserie of which, threw vs into more desperate feares: now were wee assaul∣ted by double deaths (Famine and Shipwrack) what course to take for our reliefe no man pre∣sently knew.* 3.3 Continue without foode it was impossible, and as impossible was i for vs to reco∣uer the Land in any short time, without the assured destruction of vs all. At this season, our Commanders were these; Lieutenant Benson, Lieutenant Walton, who was Prouost Martiall of [ 20] the field; and an Ancient of the Colonels companie. The common Souldiers vowed and resol∣ued to compell the Mariners (seeing the present miseries, and no hopes promising better) to set vs all on shoare vpon the first Land that could be discouered.* 3.4 Our Commanders did what they could by diswasion to alter this generall resolution, because they feared it would bee the losse of the greatest part of our Companies, if they came once to bee scattered: and besides, they knew that it would redound to their dishonour and shame, if they should not discharge the trust impo∣sed vpon them by our Captaines, which trust was to conduct vs and land vs before, whilest our Chieftaines remayned a while behinde in England, to take vp the rest of our Companies. Yet all this notwithstanding, Land being discouered, there was no eloquence in the world able to keep vs aboord our ship, but euery man swore if the Master of the ship would not set vs on the shoare, [ 30] the sailes should be taken into our owne hands, and what was resolued vpon (touching present landing) should in despite of danger be effected. Vpon this the Master of the ship and the Mari∣ners told vs, that if we put to land in that place, we should all either perish for want of victuals, which were not to bee had in that Countrie, or else should haue our throats cut by the people. Wee resolued rather to trie our bad fortunes on the land, and to famish there (if that kind of death must needes attend vpon vs) then to perish on the Seas, which we knew could affoord vs no such mercy: and on shoare wee went, as fast as possibly we could. When our Officers saw, that there was no remedie, nor force to detayne vs aboord, they then disheartned vs no longer, but to our great comforts told it, that the Master of the ship (which thing hee himselfe likewise openly confessed) knew both the Land and Gouernour thereof (as indeed we proued afterwards he did:* 3.5) and therefore desired they all our companies not to misse-behaue themselues toward [ 40] the people, for that it was an Iland called Iuthland, vnder the Dominion of the King of Den∣marke, but subiect to the command of a Lord, who vnder the King (as his Substitute) was the Gouernour.

And that we might be the better drawne to a ciuill behauiour towards the Inhabitants, our Officers further told vs, that they would repaire to the Lord Gouernour of the Countrie, and ac∣quaint him with the cause of our vnexpected landing there; vpon which we all promised to of∣fer no violence to the people; neither was that promise violated, because we found the Inhabi∣tants tractable, and as quiet towards vs, as we to them: yet the greater numbers of them ran a∣way with feare, at the first sight of vs, because (as afterward they reported) it could not bee re∣membred by any of them, that they euer either beheld themselues, or euer heard any of their an∣cestors [ 50] report, that any strange people had landed in those places and parts of the Iland: for they thought it impossible (as they told vs) that any ship should ride so neee the shoare, as ours did, by reason of the dangerous Sands.

Our Officers so soone as they were at land, went to the Gouernour of the Iland, whilest the Souldiers (who stayed behind them) ran to the houses of the Ilanders, of purpose to talke with the people, and at their hands to buy victuals for a present reliefe: but when wee came among them, they could neither vnderstand vs nor we them; so that the Market was spoiled, and wee could get nothing for our money, yet by such signes as wee could make, they vnderstood our wants pitied them, and bestowed vpon vs, freely, a little of such things as they had. In the end, a happy meanes of our reliefe was found out by a Souldier amongst vs who was a Dane by birth, [ 60] but his education hauig beene in England, no man knew him to be other then an English man.

This Dane made vse of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 owne natiue language, to the good both of himselfe and vs, certi∣fying

Page 773

the people (who the rather beleeued him because he spake in their knowne tongue) of the cause that compelled vs to land vpon their Coast, and that we intended no mischiefe, violence, or money: to which report of his they giuing credit, stood in lesse feare of vs then before, and thereupon furnished vs with all such necessaries, as the Countrie affoorded to sustaine our wants. The foode which wee bought of them was onely fish, and a kinde of course bread, exceeding cheape. Of which foode there was such plentie,* 3.6 that for the value of three pence wee had as much fish as twentie men could eate at a meale, and yet none of the worst sorts of fish, but euen of the very best and daintiest, as Mackrels and Lobsters, and such like. In which our trading with the poore simple people, we found them so ignorant, that many, yea most of them regar∣ded [ 10] not whether you gaue them a Counter, or a Shilling: for the bigger the piece was,* 3.7 the more fish they would giue for it: but besides fish wee could get no other sustenance from them, or at least, could not vnderstand that they had any other. But obserue what happened in the meane time that we were thus in traffique with the Ilanders for victuals, our Officers (as before is said) being gone to the Lord Gouernour, who lay about twelue English miles from the Sea side, the Master of our ship on a sudden hoysed vp sailes, and away he went, leauing one of his owne men at shoare, who accompanied our Officers as their guide, through the Iland. The cause of the ships departure, did so much the more amaze vs, by reason it was so vnexpected, and the reason there∣of vnknowne to vs: But wee imagined the Master of the ship and Mariners feaed to receiue vs into the Vessell againe, because some of our men at their being at Sea, threatned the Saylers, and [ 20] offered them abuses before they could be brought to set vs on land.

On the next day following, the Lord Gouernour of the Iland came to vs, bringing our Offi∣cers along with him, yet not being so confident of vs, but that (for auoyding of any dangers that might happen) he came strongly guarded with a troupe of Horse-men well armed. And (vpon his first approc) demanding where our ship was, it was told him in what strange manner it stole away and forsooke vs: he then asked what we intended to doe, to which we all answered, that we would be ruled by our Officers: hereupon hee inquired of them, what they would haue him to doe in their behalfes: they requested nothing else at his hands, but onely his fauourable Passe through the Countrie, and a ship to carry vs forward into Sweden: to which request hee made answere, that he could grant no such licence vntill he had made the King of Denmarke acquain∣ted with our being there, for the Iland belonged to the King, he said, and he was no more but [ 30] an Officer or Substitute vnder him. Yet in consideration that our ship had so left vs in a strange Land, he promised to doe all that lay in his power to effect our good: but withall told vs, that the people had inward feares, and were possest with suspitions, that our intents of landing vp∣on such a Coast, were not, as we our selues affirmed, only to get foode, but rather to make spoile of the poore Inhabitants. And therefore, to remooue all such feares and iealousies out of the peoples hearts, he held it most conuenient for the generall safeties of both parties, to separate our numbers, and to spreade vs abroad in the Countrie, one and one in a house, where it was agreed that we should receiue both a lodging, and meate, and drinke, vntill hee had sent to the King of Denmarke some of his owne men with our Officers, to vnderstand his Maiesties pleasure, and [ 40] what should become of vs.

To this we all agreed, and accordingly for that purpose, were by the Lord Gouernour, safely by these armed horse-men which were his guard, conducted to his owne house. To that place were al the people of the Iland summoned together, they came at the appointed day to the num∣ber of fiue or six hundred, circling vs round with Bils, Holbards, two-hand Swords, and diuers o∣ther weapons: And at the first sight of vs grew into such rage, that presently they would haue cut all our throats, and hewed vs to pieces, but that the authoritie of the Gouernor kept them from offering violence, yet was hee faine to vse the fairest meanes of perswasion to allay their furie. For they would not beleeue but that our arriuall there was to destroy them. Yet the Gouernour shewed vnto them all our number, which was but three hundred men, and those all vnweapo∣ned, and so consequently, neither likely nor able to vndertake any mischiefe against them: [ 50] Charging the vnruly multitude, vpon paine of death, not to touch the least finger of vs, but to diuide vs equally into seuerall Villages, as it should seeme best vnto them, and so bestow kinde and louing entertainment vpon vs till they heard further from him, which command of his they accordingly performed.

Immediately vpon this setling of them and vs in quietnesse, one of our Officers with two of the Gouernours men, were sent away to the King of Denmarke, to vnderstand his Highnesse pleasure, which Messengers were no sooner dispatched about the businesse, but the Ilanders grow∣ing more and more suspitious, came againe to the Gouernour,* 3.8 and neuer would cease or giue ouer troubling him, vntill they had gotten him to make Proclamation (in hearing of vs all.) That if any of vs would freely discouer the true cause of our landing vpon that Coast, and reueale the [ 60] plots of any dangerous enterprise intended against them, he should not onely be rewarded with great store of money, and haue new apparell to his backe, but also should without tortures, im∣prisonment, or death be set free, and sent backe againe into his owne Countrie. This Proclama∣tion strucke vs all with feare and astonishment, because albeit we to our selues were not guiltie of

Page 774

any plot, or villany intended to the place or people, yet wee knew this might be a meanes to endanger all our liues,* 3.9 how innocent soeuer. Our suspition of danger fell out according to our feares: for one Thomas Griffyn a Welch man, one of our owne company, went and kneeled be∣fore the Gouernour, and with a face counterfeiting a guiltinesse and fearefull destruction, told him that we came thither onely, and for no other purpose, then to surprise the Iland, kill the In∣habitants, make spoile of their wiues and goods, and hauing set fire of their Townes and Villages, to flye to Sea againe. Yet for all this would not the Gouernour beleeue him, telling him it was a matter very vnlikely,* 3.10 that so small a number, so distressed for want of foode, so weather-beaten and so disarmed, should venture vpon an enterprise so full of dangerous euents; but the villaine replyed, that all those complaints of want, were but songs to beguile the people, for that vpon [ 10] the least Allarum giuen, other ships that lay houering at Sea, and furnished both with men and ar∣mour, would on the sudaine, and that very shortly land for the same desire of spoyle, as these their fellowes had done, and therefore counselled the Gouernour to preuent such imminent mis∣chiefes betimes.

The Gouernour being thus farre vrged, presently called before him Lieutenant Walton, whose lodging was appointed in his house, and hauing related to him all that Griffin had discouered, and withall, demanding of Lieutenant Walton what he could say to this matter of treason and con∣spiracie: the Lieutenant at the first stood amazed, and vtterly denied any such intended villany, protesting by the faith of a Souldiour, that this report of the Welch-man proceeded from the rancour of a vile traitors heart, and therefore on his knees intreated the Gouernour, not to giue [ 20] credit to so base a villaine, who for the greedinesse of a little money, went about to sell all their liues, and to make all the inhabitants of the Iland become murderers: The rest lay scattered about and knew nothing of the matter. Now soone after, iust as the traitor had told the Gouernour, that more ships were not farre off, but were ready to second vs vpon our arriuall, it chanced that in the very heat of this businesse,* 3.11 and their feares of danger where none was, two other shippes full of armed Souldiers came to the same place of the Iland where our shippe put in: These two ships had brought Souldiours out of the low Countries (a cessation of warres being there) and were going into Swethland, as we were, but by crosse windes and fowle weather, lay so long at Sea, that wanting victuals, they were driuen in hither for succour. Whose sudaine approach and ariuall being signified to the Lord Gouernor, the Welch-mans words were then thought true; all [ 30] the Iland was presently vp in Armes to resist the strength and furie of a most dangerous supposed enemy: and so secretly did the Inhabitants put on Armes, that we who were kept like priso∣ners amongst them, knew not of these vproares. But night approaching, the Generall gaue spe∣ciall charge that secret watch should be set and kept ouer euery Souldior that lodged in any mans house: which by the common people was as narrowly performed, for they did not onely watch vs as the Gouernor commanded, but amongst themselues a secret conspiracie was made, that in the dead of night,* 3.12 when wee should be fast asleepe, they should come and take vs in our beds, and there to binde vs with cords: it being an easie thing to doe so, when our company were di∣uided one from another ouer the whole Iland. At the houre agreed vpon, the plot was put in force, for they entred our Chambers, and bound euery Souldier as he lay, making them all rea∣dy [ 40] like so many sheepe marked out for the slaughter. For mine owne part, I had fiue men and three women to binde me, who so cunningly tyed me fast with cords, whilst I slept, and felt no∣thing, nor deampt of any such matter, that with a twitch onely I was plucked starke naked out of my bed, and laid vpon the cold earth vnderneath a Table, with my armes bound behinde me, so extreamely hard, as foure men could draw them together, my feete tyed to the foote of the Table, and my necke bound to the vpper part or bord of the Table.

In these miserable tortures lay I, and all the rest (in seuerall houses) all that night, and the most part of the next day, our armes and legges being pinched and wrung together in such pitti∣lesse manner, that the very bloud gushed out at the fingers ends of many. The enduring of which torments was so much the more grieuous, because none knew what we had done that could in∣cense [ 50] them to this so strange and spitefull cruelty, neither could we, albeit we inquired, learne of our tormenters the cause, because we vnderstood not their language.

Whilest thus the whole Iland was full of the cries of wretched men, and that euery house see∣med a shambles, ready to haue Innocents there butchered the next day, and that euery Ilander had the office of a common cut-throate or executioner; Gods wonderfull working turned the streame of all their cruelty: For the two ships that came out of the low Countries, and whose arriuall draue so many miserable soules almost vpon the rocks of destruction, hauing in that dole∣full and ruinous night, gotten some prouision aboord, weighed Anchor, and departed towards Swethland. Which happy newes being serued vp at breakfast to the Lord Gouernour betimes in the morning, and that the Shippes had offerd no violence to the Countrey, but had paid for [ 60] what they tooke: About eleauen of the clocke the very same day at noone, wee were all like vnto so many dead men cut downe, and bidden to stand vpon our legges, although very few had scarce legges that could stand.

Of one accident more that befell, I thinke it not amisse to take note, which began merrily, but

Page 775

ended tragically, and in bloud; and that was this: Foure of our company being lodged in one Village, and they being bound to the peace, as you may perceiue the rest were; it happened that an Hoast, where one of them lay, had ••••pled hard, and gotten a Horses disease,* 3.13 called the Stag∣gers: In comes he stumbling, to the roome where the poore Englishman was bound to the Table hand and foote: which thing the drunken Sot beholding▪ drew his Hatchet, which he wore at his girdle, according to the fashion of the Country, and because hee would be sure his prisoner should not escape, with his Hatchet he cleft his head. And thinking in that drunken murderous humour, he had done a glorious act, away he reles out of his owne house to that house where the other three Souldiours lay bound, where beating at the doores and windowes, and the Hoast [ 10] asking what he meant to make such a damnable noyse; he told him so well as he could samme it out, that the Lord Gouernour had sent him thither to put the three English-men to death. Vp∣on this, the diuell and he (hand in hand) were let in, the one standing so close at the others elbow, that he neuer left him till he had cleft two of their heads, that lay bound▪ and being then wea∣ry (it should seeme) with playing the butcher, he neuer ceased swearing and staring, and flou∣rishing with his bloudy Axe about their heads, till the people of the house had hung the third man vpon a beame in the roome. But they hauing lesse cunning in the Hang-mans trade, then will to practise it, eyed not the halter so fast about his necke, as to strangle him: so that after hee had hung an houre, hee was cut downe, reuiued againe, was well, and afterwards was slaine in Russia.

[ 20] This bloudy feast being thus ended, and all stormes as we well hoped, being now blowne o∣uer to our freedome, and sitting at liberty from our tormentors▪ on the necke of these former miseries fell a mischiefe more dangerous to vs then all the rest: for tidings were brought to the Gouernour, that our Auncient, who trauailed with the Gouernours two men to the King, had trayterously murdered those his guides, and then ranne away himselfe▪ vpon this rumour, nothing but thundring and lightning flew from the common peoples mouthes: there was no way now with vs but one, and that one was, to haue all our throats cut, or our heads cleft with their Axes.* 3.14 But the Gouernor pittying our misfortunes, laboured both by his authority, & by faire speeches, to keepe that many-headed dogge (the multitude) from barking. And in the end, when he saw nothing but the bloud of vs poore Englishmen would satisfie their thirst, because they still held [ 30] vs in suspition and feare; he most nobly, and like a vertuous Magistrate, pawned to the inhu∣mane Rascals (to my knowledge) his honour, all that euer he was worth▪ yea, his very life vnto them, that within three dayes the messengers sent to the King, should returne home, and that during those three dayes we should be of good behauiour to the Ilanders: and besides that, if they did not returne in such a time, that then he would deliuer vs vp into their hands. Our Aunci∣ent with the Gouernours two men, came home vpon the third day, to the Gouernours house, and brought from the King of Denmarke his licence,* 3.15 to carry vs not onely through the Coun∣try, but commanding that we should be allowed shipping also at conuenient place, to carry vs to Sweueland, whither we were to goe: And according to this Licence the Gouernour caused vs to be called all together the very next day; at which time, Thomas Griffin the Welch Idas, who had [ 40] all this while lyen feasting in the house of the Lord Gouernour, began to tremble and repent him of his villanie, begging most base forgiuenesse on his knees, both from the Gouernour, and vs his Countrimen and fellow Souldiours, protesting that what he did, came out of his feare to saue his owne life. But our Officers (vpon hearing him speake thus) had much adoe to keepe the compa∣nies from pulling downe the house where Griffin lay, because they would in that rage haue hewed the villaine in peeces.

But leauing him and all such betrayers of mens bloud to the hell of their owne consciences, let vs set forward out of this infortunate Iland, and not stay in any place else, till in small Boates wee come by water to Elzinore in Denmarke, where wee ioyfully got aboard once more;* 3.16 and are hoysing vp sailes for Sweueland. Yet euen in this sun-shine day a storme fals vpon vs [ 50] too: for our Officers not hauing sufficient money to furnish vs with victuals, wee were enfor∣ced to pawne our Auncient and Lieutenant Walton, for the safe returne of the Shippe, with condition, that they should not be released vntill a sufficient summe of money was sent to de∣fray all charges. So that we left our Officers behinde vs; but the King of Sweueland did after∣wards release them, and then they came to vs. But before their comming, wee hauing a good winde, landed at a place called Newleas in Sweue:* 3.17 and from thence were carried to Stockholme (the Kings seate) and there was the King at the same time; betweene which two places, it was a daies march on horsebacke.

Vpon this our arriuall at Stockholme, wee met with the rest that had gone before vs, and with diuers others of our Countrimen, that came out of the Low-countries, as before is re∣lated. [ 60] In this place we lay so long, and had such poore meanes, that wanting money to buy foode, wee wanted foode to maintaine life, and so a number of vs were readie to statue: till in the end, our miseries making vs desperate, we fell together by the eares with the Burgers of the Towne: in which scambling confusion and mutinie,* 3.18 euery man got one thing or other, of which he made present money to relieue his body withall: yet lay wee at the

Page 776

walles of the Citie, crying out continually for money, money, till our throates grew hoarse with bauling, but the stones of the walles gaue more comfort to vs, then the In∣habitants. One day (aboue all the rest) wee heard, that the King was to ride a Hun∣ting; and wee imagining that all the abuses, wrongs, and miseries, which wee endured, proceeded from some vnder-hand hard daling, and packing of our Captaines and Offi∣cers, resolued to gather about the King at his comming forth, and to cry out for money: but the King being angry (as wee supposed) came riding amongst vs, drawing his Pistoll from the Saddle-bow, as if hee purposed to haue shot some of vs: but seeing none of vs to shrinke from him, nor to be dismayed, hee rode backe againe, wee following him, and desiring, hee would either giue vs money, or else to kill vs out-right; one amongst the rest (whose name was William Attane) spake to the King aloud, thus: I hold it honour to dye by [ 10] the hands of a King, but basely to starue to death, I will neuer suffer it. Vpon these our clamours, the King looking better vpon our necessities, sent money the next day, and immediate∣ly after gaue vs a moneths meanes in money, and two moneths meanes in cloath, to make vs apparrell.

* 3.19Of the cloath wee receiued some part, but the money being payed, was by our Captaines sent into England to their wiues; no part of it euer comming to the poore common Soul∣diours hands: for presently vpon this, wee were commanded aboord the Ships, with promise that when wee were aboord, wee should haue our money. But being in the Shippes vnder hatches, away were wee carried with prouision onely of one moneths victuals; when by rea∣son [ 20] of the weather, wee were forced to lye eight weekes at Sea: in all which time, wee had nothing but pickelled Herrings, and salt Stremlings, with some small quantitie of hard dryed meates: by which ill dyet, many of our men fell sicke, and dyed. In the Shippe wherein I was, wee liued foureteene dayes without bread, all our best foode being salt Herrings, which wee were glad to eate raw; the best of vs all hauing no better su∣stenance.

At the last, it pleased God to send vs to a place called Vfrasound in Fynland, where wee lan∣ded,* 3.20 (Fynland being subiect to the King of Sweueland.) From Vfrasound wee were to goe to Weyborough, a chiefe Towne in the Countrie of Fynland: where wee no sooner arriued, but our Souldiors ranne some one way, and some another, so long that the Captaines were left alone [ 30] with the Shippes: This running away of them, being done onely to seeke foode, so great was their hunger.

By this carelesse dispersing themselues, they lost the command of the whole Countrey, which they might easily haue had,* 3.21 if they had beene vnited together: and not onely were depriued of that benefit, but of Horses also, which were allowed by the King for them to ride vpon. So that, what by the reason of the tedious Iourney (which wee were to tra∣uell, being fourescore leagues) and what by reason of the extreame cold, being a moneth be∣fore Christmas, at which time the Snow fell, and neuer went off the ground vntill Whitson∣tide following;* 3.22 but all the Raine, and all the Snow that fell, freezing continually, diuers of our men were starued to death with the Frost. Some lost their fingers, some their toes, some [ 40] their noses, many their liues: insomuch, that when wee all met at Weyborough, wee could make no more but one thousand and foure hundred able men; and yet when we were landed at Vfra∣sound, wee were two thousand strong; the extremity of the cold Countrey hauing killed so ma∣ny of our Souldiours in so little time.

At our landing at Weyborough wee had good hopes to receiue better comforts, both of mo∣ney and victuals: for the Inhabitants told vs, the King had allowed it vs, and in that report they spake truth: yet contrary to our expectation, wee lay there about foureteene dayes, and had nothing but a little Rice, of which we made bread, and a little butter, which was our best reliefe. Drinke had we none, nor money: our Captaines gaue vs certaine letherne pelches, onely made of Sheeps skins, to keepe vs from the cold.

At this place we receiued armes to defend vs against the enemy, and six Companies that were [ 50] allowed by the King for Horsemen,* 3.23 receiued Horses there. From thence wee were to march into Russia, where our enemies continued. But the iourney was long and vncomfortable: for wee marched from Newyeares day vntill Whitsontide, continually in Snow, hauing no rest, but onely a little in the nights. So that the miseries and misfortunes which wee endured vpon the borders of Fynland, were almost insufferable, by reason the number of them seemed infinite. For all the people had forsaken their houses long before wee came, because they were euermore oppressed by Souldiours: by which meanes we could get neither meate nor drinke, but were glad to hunt Cats, and to kill them, or any beasts wee could lay hold on, and this wee baked, and made them serue for daily sustenance. The greatest calamitie of all was, wee could get no Water to drinke,* 3.24 it had beene so long frozen vp, and the Snow so deepe, that [ 60] it was hard to say, whether wee marched ouer Water, or vpon Land. So that wee were compelled to digge vp Snow, and with stones redde hot, to melt in tubbes, and then to drinke it.

Page 777

This affection continued about twelue or foureteene dayes, till we came into Russia. Vpon our very first entrance into which Kingdome, we marched ouer an arme of the Sea, that was eight leagues ouer, many of vs staruing to death in that passage, by the cold freezing windes that blew the same day. In which frosty iourney, I saw so much bread as a man might buy for twelue pence, sold away in little bits, for the value of fortie shillings. But this misery ended the next day, at our setting foot into Russia, where we found plenty both of corne and cattle;* 3.25 onely the people of the Countrey ranne away, leauing all their goods behinde them, but so cunningly hidden, that the best pollicie of ours could hardly finde them out. By this meanes of the peoples running away, we were glad to play the Millers, and to grinde all our corne our selues, to bake our bread, and to dresse our owne victuals. Then marched wee vp to Nouogrod (a [ 10] chiefe Citie in Russia) where wee were to receiue all our meanes that rested behinde vn∣payed: but our Captaines beguiled vs, and kept it for themselues:* 3.26 yet to stoppe our mouthes, they told vs wee should goe into Muscouy, and there all reckonings should be made euen.

Wee had scarce marched aboue three dayes towards Muscouy, but that newes came, how a certaine number of our enemies lay in a sconce by the way; the strength of them was not perfectly knowne, but it was thought they were not aboue seuen hundred, and that we must vse some stratagem to expell them from thence: vpon which relation,* 3.27 our Captaines drew forth to the number of three hundred English horsemen, and two hundred French horsemen: so that in all we were about fiue hundred that were appointed to set vpon the supposed seuen hun∣dred [ 20] Polanders, (our enemies) that so lay insconsed: vpon whom we went. Our chiefe Com∣mander in that seruice was Monsier la Veite, a French man, who so valiantly led vs on, that the enemy hearing of our comming, fled ouer a water that was by the sconce;* 3.28 yet not with such speede, but that wee slue to the number of foure hundred of their side, and lost onely three men of our owne: but we tooke the sconce. About the sconce stood a faire Towne called A∣rioua, with a riuer called the Volga, running through the middle, but no bridge ouer it;* 3.29 onely a few Boates and Sloates (made and cut out of trees) were there, to carry the people ouer from the one halfe of the Towne to the other. This sconce furnished vs not onely with great store of riches, but also with a number of Polish Horses, and as many armes as serued to arme fiue hun∣dred men; our want of that commoditie being as much as of any thing besides: for of those fiue [ 30] hundred men that went vpon the seruice, there were not three hundred fixed armes; yet through the hand of him that deales victories, or ouerthrowes, as it pleaseth him best, the day was ours.

Ouer this riuer Volga the enemies were neuer driuen before, either by the Emperor of Russia, or by the King of Swethland: for which cause (as afterward wee heard) the next day when they departed from the other side of the Riuer, they burnt that halfe of the Towne on which side they were themselues, and in most bloudy, barbarous, and cruell manner, made hauocke both of men, women and children,* 3.30 albeit (not aboue halfe a yeare before) the Inhabitants on that side had reuolted from their owne Emperour, and turned to them. In which tyrannicall vprore, their custome was, to fill a house full of people, and then (the doores being locked vpon [ 40] them, that none might issue forth) the house was fired about their eares: and oftentimes were yong children taken by the heeles, and cast into the middest of the flames: This inhumane ty∣rannie being practised not onely by the Poles, that were our enemies, but euen by those Russes that were traitors to their owne Emperour, and serued vnder the Poles, and were called Cossakes, whose cruelty farre exceeded the Polish.

The Towne being thus burnt to the earth, all the sixe thousand (which as I said before, fled ouer the Riuer, out of the sconce, and were by vs supposed to be but seuen hundred) came downe in full battalion to the Riuers side with such fiercenesse, as if presently they and their horses would haue swom ouer, to fight with vs, which being perceiued, our poore fiue hundred stood ready to resist them. But whether they feared our numbers to be greater then they were, and [ 50] that wee had some other secret forces, I know not: but away they marched, the selfe same day in which they came downe in that brauey, not doing any thing of which, wee for our parts, were not much sorry; because if the battailes had ioyned▪ wee knew our selues farre vnable to withstand them. And this was the seruice of the most noate, that wee went vpon.

Two or three other sconces and Townes we tooke from our enemies, they not once daring to resist vs, because they knew nothing of our numbers and force.* 3.31 But the dishonest dealings of our Captaines, made the whole Armie discontent; insomuch, that our Souldiors would of∣tentimes deny to goe forth vpon seruice, because they had beene almost a yeare in the Land, [ 60] and had receiued no more but one Rubble (amounting to the value of ten shillings English.) So that vpon these discontents, fiftie of our men ranne away to the enemy at one time▪ and disco∣uered to them our strength. After which, we durst not be so bold as before we had beene.* 3.32 The fire of a new conspiracie was likewise kindling, but it was perceiued, and quenched with the bloud of the conspirators, of which, the chiefe were hanged. On therefore we went: when

[illustration]

Page 778

[illustration] map of Muscovy
HONDIVS his Map of Muscouia.
MOSCO¦VIA
we came within fortie leagues of Muscouie, newes was brought, that the enemy had beleaguard seuen thousand Russes that were our friends, and that vnlesse wee forced the siedge to breake [ 40] vp, the seuen thousand Russes would euery man be starued where they lay. This sad report, (albeit we had resolued neuer to goe vpon any more seruice, vntill wee had our pay) so wrought in our hearts, that wee much pittied the miseries of others, because wee our selues had tasted of the like.

Our Generall (whose name was Euerore) was a Fynlander, and with a company of Fynland blades (as they tearme them) well appointed on Horsebacke, was by the King of Sweueland, sent after vs, as our Conuoy, vntill wee should come to Pontus le Guard, who was chiefe Ge∣nerall ouer the whole armie of strangers that came into the Land:* 3.33 so that according as he was sent and charged by the King, hee ouertooke vs before we came to Arioa. By the intreatie therefore of this Fynlander, and the flattering promises of our owne Captaines, we were con∣tented [ 50] to goe vpon this seruice, and to deliuer the Russes, or to dye our selues in the action. Yet with condition, that (as they promised to vs) we should by the way meete our chiefe Gene∣rall, Pontus le Guard, who with certaine numbers of English, French and Dutch (which the yeare before were come into the Land) was vpon a march out of Muscouy, not onely to meete vs, but to ioyne with vs, and pay vs all our money which remained good to vs; pro∣uided likewise, that so soone as euer wee should release the seuen thousand Russes, our money should be payed downe. On these conditions (I say) wee yeelded to goe vpon the businesse.

* 3.34At length Pontus le Guard met vs (according to the promise) and with him was money brought to pay vs, and his word giuen that presently wee should receiue it. But the lamen∣table [ 60] estate, in which the poore besiedged Russes were (within the sconce) being at the point of death for want of foode, required rather speedy execution, then deliberation▪ so that the necessities of their hard fortunes crauing haste, on wee went, hauing about ninteene or twenty

Page 779

thousand Russes, that were people of the same Countrey, ioyned to our Armie, to aide them in this enterprize. But as we all were vpon a march, the enemy hauing receiued Intelligence of our approaching, set forward, to the number of eight thousand Lanciers and more, to intercept vs by the way: and being within one dayes march of the place to which wee were likewise go∣ing, they set fire vpon three or foure Villages hard by the place where we lay at Grasse with our Horses, for a token that they were comming.* 3.35 And his was done vpon Midsummer day last in the morning, by breake of day. Then came they thundring wich shouts and cries to set vpon vs: but no sooner was the Alarum giuen, when the greatest part of those nineteene or twenty thousand Russes, that were ioyned to vs as our aide,* 3.36 fled most basely before any blow was gi∣uen. This sudden cowardize of theirs somewhat amazed vs: but the houre being now come, [ 10] wherein we were not to talke of dangers, but to goe meete them, with our sixe companies of English horse, we brauely resisted the Polanders, and with great hurt to them, but with little losse vpon our part, charged them three seuerall times.

At last Pontus le Guard (our chiefe Generall) tooke his heeles and fled too,* 3.37 leauing vs vtterly destitute of all direction: which much astonished vs, as not well vnderstanding what to doe: for our greatest strength (being by their slight) taken from vs, none but wee strangers were left in the field, and of vs there was not in all, aboue two thousand, and of that number there were aboue six hundred French horsemen, who seeing both the Generall gone, and the Russes fled,* 3.38 turned their backs vpon vs, and ranne away too most valiantly, yet not out of the field, but to the enemy.

[ 20] Then were wee not aboue twelue or foureteene hundred at the most left to resist eight thou∣sand at the least: vpon whom notwithstanding, our six companies of English horsemen, charged three seuerall times, without any great lose, but with much honor: And at the fourth time,* 3.39 for want of powers to second them (which the French should haue done) all our six companies were scattered and ouerthrowne with the losse of few of our colours. The Captaines ouer these sixe Companies of Horse, were these:

Captaine Crale, of whose company I was. Captaine Kendricke, Captaine Benson, Captaine Carre, Captaine Colbron, Captaine Creyton.

Which six Captaines had not in all their companies aboue fiue hundred men. In this battaile, Captaine Creyton was slaine in the field; Captaine Crale was shot in the knee, and within a short [ 30] time after dyed of that wound; not aboue twelue of his companie escaping. Captaine Kendrick was wounded in diuers places of the head, and dyed. Captaine Benson was shot in the hand, and wounded in the head, and yet escaped, and liued: onely Captaine Carre and his Cornet escaped, but all his companie scattered and lost. Diuers other Officers were slaine, whose names I can∣not remember.

Thus were all our English horse-men dispersed and ouerthrowne, to the number of fiue hun∣dred and vpwards. Ou Generall Euerhorne with his companies of Finland, or Finsc blades, were also put to retrait: so that there was not left in the field aboue sixe or seuen hundred, which were foot-men. And of these, one halfe was English, one halfe Dutch, who kept onely a cer∣taine place by a wood side, barricadoed about with wagons, hauing with them foure field pieces, [ 40] with which they did great spoile to the Enemie. But their number being but few, neither durst they venture on the Enemie, nor durst the Enemie enter vpon them, but kept them still (as it were besieged) in that place onely, because they could no wayes escape. The inconuenience of which cooping vp in so narrow a roome, being looked into, and the dangers on euery side well considered, it was held fittest for safetie, to summon the Enemie to a parley. In which parley, the Enemie offered, that if they would yeeld, and fall to their sides, they should haue good quar∣ter kept. And if any man had desire to goe for his owne Countrie, hee should haue libertie to goe with a Paspor from the King of Poland. Or if any would serue the King of Poland, hee should haue the allowance of very good meanes duly paid him. Vpon these compositions they all yeelded, and went to the Enemie; onely Captaine Yorke and his Officers, with some few of [ 50] their Souldiers, went backe into the Countrie, and came not to the Enemie, as the rest had done: who from thence marched vp to the Polish Leaguer, being ten miles distant from the place, and there they continued. But such as desired to trauell to their owne Countries, were sent to the King of Polands Leaguer, which lay at that time at a place called Smolensko, and there accordingly had their Passe, to the number of one hundred, of which number I my selfe was one. What became of the rest I know not: but I with fiue more held together in trauell, vntill we came to Dantzicke, a great Towne in Prussia, being distant from Smolensko one hun∣dred leagues▪

To make an end of this Storie of the Foxe and the Beare, the pretending Demetrius and con∣tending Suiskey; it is reported, that Demetrius seeing these perplexities of Suiskey, raysed a great [ 60] Armie of such Russes as voluntarily * 3.40 fell to him (the Pole hauing now reiected him, except some Voluntaries) and againe laid siege to Mosco; Zolkiewsky for Sigismund, beleagred another part thereof with fortie thousand men, whereof one thousand and fiue hundred were English, Scottish, and French. Suiskey seeing no hope to withstand them, his Empire renouncing him, hee would

Page 780

seeme to renounce the Empire first, betaking himselfe to a Monasterie. But not the sanctitie of the place,* 3.41 nor sacred name of an Emperour might protect or secure him. The Muscouites yeel∣ded vp their Citie and his Person to the Pole, and the Castle was manned for Sigismund. All ioyne against Demetrius, who betaketh him to his heeles, and by a Tartar (as before is said) was slaine in his campe.* 3.42 Charles King of Sweden dyed Octob. 30. 1611. and Gustanus his sonne suc∣ceeded. Sigismund obtayneth Smolensko also after two yeeres siege and more: in which time the Defendants had held out so resolutely, that the Polish Peeres and States (which in that Kingdom beare great sway) had called the King to their Parliament, the rather in regard of the King of Denmarke warring vpon Sweden (in which warre diuers thousands of our English voluntaries * 3.43 assisted the Dane) but he first desiring to trie his fortune, carried the Citie with two hundred pieces of Ordnance and other rich spoile. Many were slaine, and diuers great persons taken, of [ 10] which was the Archbishop. Many were blowne vp (as was thought) by their owne voluntarie act, by fire cast into the store-house, in which is said to haue beene (if our Author mistake not) fifteene thousand vessels of poulder;* 3.44 whereupon seemed to returne the very Chaos, or in stead thereof a Hell into the World. It is accounted one of the strongest Forts in Christendome, the walls able to beare two Carts meeting in the breadth. It was taken the twelfth of Iuly, 1610.

Suiskey was carried into Poland and there imprisoned in Waringborough Castle, and after the lsse of libertie and his Empire,* 3.45 exposed to scorne and manifold miseries, hee dyed in a forraine countrie. But before that Tragedie, the Poles are said to haue more then acted others. For when they held him prisoner before his departure from Moscouia, they sent for many Grandes in Suis∣keys [ 20] name, as if he had much desired to see them before his fatall farewell, to take a friendly and honourable leaue of them.* 3.46 They come, are entertayned, and in a priuate place knocked on the head and throwne into the Riuer: and thus was most of the chiefe remayning Nobilitie destroy∣ed. The Poles fortified two of the Forts at Mosco, and burnt two others, as not able to man them. But the Muscouite also there held them besieged till famine forced them to yeeld: the Russians finding there sixtie barrels of pouldred mans flesh (it seemeth of such as had dyed,* 3.47 or were slaine,* 3.48 that their death might giue life to the Suruiuers) a iust, but miserable and tragicall spectacle. We shall conclude this Discourse with giuing you two Letters, the one taken out of a Letter written from Colmogro Sept. 7. (the yeere is not dated) amidst these broiles; the other from Captaine Margaret before mentioned by Thuanus: and after them, for further illustra∣tion [ 30] and profitable vse of this storie, is added part of a Letter of Doctor Halls.

ON Thursday morning came George Brighouse from Mosco, he hath beene three weekes on the way, but by reason of his small staying here, I can learne but small occurrents, which is, still Mosco holdeth out, of late some of the Nobilitie issued out and gaue the Enemie a small skirmish, slue neere foure thousand of them, tooke prisoners one hundred and seuentie, whereof eleuen Polish Gentle∣men gallant men, are almost starued in prison. Sandomirsky * 4.1 is entred the borders with a new supply of Souldiers, the which Demetrie his sonne in Law hath long since expected.

The Crim Tartar is returned from thence into his owne Country, hath taken more then twentie thou∣sand [ 40] prisoners captiues out of Resan and thereabouts: Knez Scopin * 4.2 is two nineties from Yeraslaue, he meanes to march from thence to Mosco, but by Georges speeches he makes no great haste.

Bouginsky that was Secretarie to Demetrie, is still vnder prestaue with an Officer, was almost starued with hunger, but Master Brewster doth daily releeue him to his great comfort.

George Brighouse came Poste by Volodemer: the Princesse, wife to Euan Euanowich, that was eldest sonne to the a 4.3 old Emperour (shee to whom you gaue the good intertainment to) is there at his going vp and comming backe, made very much of him; he dined in her Presence: after dinner sent him a great Present of many dishes and drinkes for your sake, and often remembred you and your great kind∣nesse to her and hers; still remembring T. La. and kept him so a long time in her owne Cell.

There is a great conspiracy still in the Mosco against the Emperour Vasili Euanowich, onely the Muscouites stand with him, and very few of the Nobilitie. Daily there issueth out by force or stealth [ 50] diuers of the Gentrie, most of the Dutch c 4.4, specially the Women are gone out of the Mosco to the Tartar. It is supposed that the Emperour cannot long hold out, and * 4.5 Demetrie Euanowich is reported to bee a very wise Prince.

Captaine MARGARETS Letter to Master MERICK from Hamborough, Ian. 29. * 5.1 1612.

RIght worshipfull Sir, I could not omit this commoditie without commending my seruice to your [ 60] Worship, and also briefly to aduertise you of the State of Mosco, which is not as I could wish. Also I left Master Brewster in good health at my departure: but three dayes after the Towne within the red wall was burnt with certaine fire Bals shot in by the Russes, so that there is but three houses left whole,

Page 781

the English house also being burnt. Master Brewster is constrained to haue his dwelling in a Seller vn∣der the Palace, without great friends except Misslofsqui. The Generall Cotqueuilsh is arriued there,* 5.2 and left a sufficient number of men to keepe the Castle, and the red Wall, hee himselfe with his Armie is gone towards Resan, and he hath sent with much to doe, and vpon certaine conditions, to the Riuer of Sagia towards the Volga, to bring victuals to maintayne them that are in the Castle besieged of the Mus∣couites. The King of Poland is altogether resolued to goe there in person this summer, and if the Russes haue no forraine helpe, as there is no appearance, no question it will come to passe as I writ last to your Worship, that they will be forced to yeeld. I write briefly to your Worship, because I hope to take my voy∣age to France through England, and there to meet with your Worship; intreating your Worship to ac∣cept [ 10] these few lines as a testimony of the seruice I haue vowed to your Worship, &c. and so I end in haste.

Thus haue we finished foure Acts of this Tragedie: the first, ending with the end of Bealas fa∣mily; the second, with the ruine of that of Boris; the third, with that (whatsoeuer) Deme∣trius; the fourth, with this Suiskey, attended with that shadow or ghost of another Demetrius. Now as I haue seene sometimes the Spectators of Tragedies whiled with discourse of a Chorus, or (as in our vulgar) entertayned with musicke, to remit for a time those bloudie impressions fix∣ed in attentiue mindes▪ so haue we represented Pheodres Coronation added to the first; Boris his Charter to the English to conclude the second; that of Demetrius to the third, and for this fourth I haue here made bold with a Letter of my worthy friend (so am I bold to call that good Man, zealous Protestant, elegant Writer, industrious Preacher, learned Doctor, and Reuerend [ 20] Deane Doctor Hall▪ a Hall adorned with so rich Arras, and with all the ground, light, life, the All of these, Christian humilitie) which may serue as a Letter of commendation to my intent, as it was intended to another worke, which had it beene publike, might haue preuented the greatest part of this: A worke of Master Samuel Southeby, in Sir Th. Smiths Voyage mentioned, touching those Russian occurrents which he in part saw. As a Traueller he deserueth place here.* 5.3 And howsoeuer I haue neither beene so happy to see the Worke nor the Workman, yet this E∣pistle tells what we haue lost, and my worke easily proclaimes the defect of such a Wardrobe, being (as you see) like a Beggars cloke, all of diuersifyed patches; so much more labour to mee, in both getting and stitching them, though so much lesse satisfaction to thee. Once, as I haue [ 30] placed this long Russian storie in the midst of Marine Discoueries, to refresh the Reader a while on Land: so amidst these tragicall, harsh Relations, I thus seeke to recreate thy wearie spirits with this chat of mine, and after these Minda gates, more really, with this Letter so vsefull to the present subiect, so pleasing in the stile. The whole, and the next following to Buchinski, the Reader may finde in his so oft published Decades of Epistles.

TRauell perfiteth wisedome; and obseruation giues perfection to trauell: without which, a man may please his eyes, not feede his braine; and after much earth measured, shall returne with a weary body, and an empty minde. Home is more safe, more pleasant, but lesse fruitfull of experience: But, to a minde not working and discursiue, all heauens, all earths are alike. And, as the end of trauell is obserua∣tion; so, the end of obseruation is the informing of others: for, what is our knowledge if smothered in [ 40] our selues, so as it is not knowne to more? Such secret delight can content none but an enuious nature. You haue breathed many and cold aires, gone farre, seene much, heard more, obserued all. These two yeares you haue spent in imitation of Nabuchadnezzars seuen; conuersing with such creatures as Paul fought with at Ephesus. Alas! what a face, yea what a backe of a Church haue you seene? what man∣ners? what people? Amongst whom, ignorant Superstition striues with close Atheisme, Treachery with Cruelty, one Deuill with another; while Truth and Vertue doe not so much as giue any challenge of resi∣stance. Returning once to our England after this experience, I imagine you doubted whether you were on Earth, or in Heauen. Now then (if you will heare mee, whom you were wont) as you haue obserued what you haue seene, and written what you haue obserued; so, publish what you haue written: It shall be a gratefull labour, to vs, to Posteritie. I am deceiued, if the ficklenesse of the Russian State, haue not [ 50] yeelded more memorable matter of Historie then any other in our Age, or perhaps many Centuries of our Predecessors. How shall I thinke, but that God sent you thither before these broiles, to bee the witnesse, the Register of so famous mutations? He loues to haue those iust euils which hee doth in one part of the World, knowne to the whole, and those euils, which men doe in the night of their secresie, brought forth into the Theater of the World; that the euill of mens sinne being compared with the euill of his punishment, may iustifie his proceedings, and condemne theirs. Your worke shall thus honour him▪ besides your second seruice, in the benefit of the Church. For, whiles you discourse of the open Tyranie of that Russian Nero, Iohn Basilius; the more secret, no lesse bloudy plots of Boris; the ill successe of a stolne Crowne, though set vpon the head of an harmelesse Sonne; the bold attempts and miserable end of a false, yet aspiring [ 60] challenge; the perfidiousnesse of a seruile people, vnworthy of better Gouernours; the misse-carriage of wicked Gouernours, vnworthy of better Subiects; the vniust vsurpations of men, iust (though late) reuenges of God; crueltie rewarded with bloud, wrong claimes with ouerthrow, treachery with bondage; the Reader, with some secret horror, shall draw-in delight, and with delight instruction: Neither knw I any Relation whence hee shall take out a more easie Lesson of Iustice, of Loyaltie, of Thanke∣fulnesse.

Page 782

But aboue all, let the World see and commiserate the hard estate of that worthy and noble Secretarie, Buchinsky. Poore Gentleman! his distresse recalls euer to my thoughts Aesops Storke, taken amongst the Cranes: He now nourishes his haire, vnder the displeasure of a forreigne Prince; At once in du∣rance, and banishment. Hee serued an ill Master; but, with an honest heart, with cleane hands. The Masters iniustice doth no more infect a good Seruant, than the truth of the Seruant can iustifie his ill Master. A bad Worke man may vse a good Instrument: and oft-times a cleane Napkin wipeth a foule mouth. It ioyes me yet to thinke, that his pietie, as it euer held friendship in Heauen, so now it winnes him friends in this our other World: Lo, euen from our Iland vnexpected deliuerance takes a long flight, and blesseth him beyond hope; yea rather, from Heauen, by vs. That God, whom hee serues, will bee knowne to those rude and scarce humane Christians, for a protector of innocence, a fauourer of truth, a [ 10] rewarder of pietie. The mercy of our gracious King, the compassion of an honourable Counsellour, the loue of a true friend, and (which wrought all, and set all on worke) the grace of our good God, shall now lose those bonds, and giue a glad welcome to his libertie, and a willng farell to his distresse. He shall (I hope) liue to acknowledge this; in the meane time, I doe for him. Those Russian Affaires are not more worthy of your Records, than your loue to this frend is worthy of mine. For neither could this large Seâ drowne or quench it, nor time and absence (which are wnt to breed a lingring consumption of friendship) abate the heate of that affection, which his kindnesse bred, religion nourished. Both rarenesse, and worth shall commend this true loue; which (to say true) hath beene now long out of fashion. Neuer times yeel∣ded more loue; but, not more subtle. For euery man loues himselfe in another, loues the estate in the person: Hope of aduantage is the Load-stone that drawes the yron hearts of men; not vertue, not [ 20] deset. No Age affoorded more Parasites, fewer friends: The most are friendly in siht▪ seruiceable in expectation, hollow in loue, trustlesse in experience. Yet now, Buchinsky, see and confesse thou hst found one friend, which hath made thee many, &c.

Notes

Do you have questions about this content? Need to report a problem? Please contact us.