Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

[ 10]

CHAP. XIX. Ancient Commerce betwixt ENGLAND and NORWAY, and other Northerne Regions.

GReat Alexander is said in ••earing a Flatterers Historie of his conquest••, making them (how great soe••er in themselues) farre greater the•• they were, to haue cau∣sed that booke to bee throwne into the Sea, with iust indignation exclaiming, that those incredibilities would make that which hee had indeed done, seeme in∣credible to posteritie. And a Liar (said Alexanders Master, Aristotle) gets this by lying, that when he speakes truth he cannot be beleeued. So hath it fared with that Brittish worthy, King Arthur, whose Great Acts by great Flatterers, seeking to light can∣dles [ 20] to the Sunne, haue made others suppose it to be night, and his worth to be a worke of dark∣nesse and lyes. Neither doth the later posteritie know how to distinguish the one from the other; and the Writers for and against the truth of three British storie, as Ieffery of Moumouth and William of Newbridge of old, and others since, haue seemed to me to let the truth (as in altercation is vsuall) to fall downe betwixt them, for others more moderate spirits to take vp▪ Although therefore many things related of Art•••••• are absurd, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 so are not all, nor that altogether which is spoken of his Northerne conquests, eleuen hundred yeeres since, and of commerce a 〈…〉〈…〉 not some kind of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 acknowledgment, of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the King of Ireland, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Orcades, Malu••sius of Island,* 1.1 Dolda••i•• of Got••and, Asc••il•••• of the Danes, and Lo•• King of [ 30] Norway. Some * 1.2 adde, that King Arthur left people to inhabite the Ilands, and that the Nor∣wegian Nobles tooke them Brittish wiues, and that the Norwegians 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their Brittish 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ and liking Englands fertilitie better then that their own sterilit••e and rockie barrennesse, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by force of warres often to conquer that which would not be peaceably yeelded; till King Ed∣ward, a maintainer of peace, with consent of the Kingd••me; permitted them to dwell heere at pleasure, as sworne brethren to the English Octher,* 1.3 subiect and seruant to King Alfr••d aboue se∣uen hundred yeeres since, related to his said Lord▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 voyage from He••gola•••• (where he then dwelt) to the North Cape, and (as probable circumstances argue) along the coast to the Bay of Saint Nicolas.

Aedgar, that famous founder of Monasteries, is said by Ranulphu•• Cest••ensis to haue in annuall [ 40] vse foure thousand ships, and by Flores Historiarum foure thousand eight hundred 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yeerely to compasse this Iland, with his Nauie quadripartite, twelue hundred in the East, as many in the West, and like proportions on the North, and on the South coasts, to secure the Seas and secure his subiects: And in the Charter of the foundation of the Cathedrall Church of Worcester, he vseth these words; Mihi autem concessit propitia diuinitas 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anglorum Imperio, omnia Regn•• Insula∣rium Oceani cum suis fercissimis Regibus vsque Norwegia••••, Maximamque partem Hyberniae,* 1.4 cum sua nobilissima ciuitate Dubli••ia, Anglorum Regno subi••g••re &c. Hee also stiles himselfe King and Emperour of the Ocean, and the Hands about Britaine, beginning, Ego Aedg••rus Anglorum Basi∣leus, om••i••mque Regum, Insularum, Oceani•••••• Britannium circumiacentis cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur, Imperator & Dominus. So potent was he first of the English Kings (for Arthur was a Briton) by his strong shipping, and well manned and mannaged Nauie.

[ 50] Florentius Wigorniensis stileth him, ••los & dec••••s antecess••rum Regum, Pacificus Rex Aedgarus non min•••• memorab••lis Anglis quàm Romul••s Rowanis, Cyrus Persis, Alexander Macedonibus, Ar∣saces Parthis, Carolus Magnus Francis: and addeth, as before is notified, 〈…〉〈…〉 3600. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sibi congregauerat naues, ex quibus Paschali emensa 〈…〉〈…〉 Anno 1200.* 1.5 In orientali, 1200. in occidental••, 1200. in Sep••••••trionali insulae plaga coadunare & ad occidental•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 o∣rientali classe, & illa remissa ad borealem cum occidentali, ipsaque rem••ssa cum boreali ad orien••alem classem remigare, eoque modo totam insulam omni aestate consueuerat cincumnauigare, viriliter hoc a∣gens ad defensionem contra exteros Regni sui, & suum sisorumque ad bellicos vsus exercitium. Both Florentius and Malmesbury, and Mat. Westminster record, that hee sitting at the Sterne, was [ 60] rowed by eight Kings his Tributaries; Kined King of Scots, Macolm of Cumberland, Macon of Man and many Ilands, Dufnal of D••metia, Siferth and Howel Kings of Wales, Iacob King of Gal∣wales, and Iukil of Westmar, hauing the same day there met at his summons, and sworne fealtie and assistance to him by Sea and Land. These rowed him in the Riuer Dee, to the Monastery from his Palace, and thence after seruice backe againe: So rightly did he instile himselfe in his Charter

to Malmesbury, Ego Aedgarus totius Albionis Basileus, nec non 〈…〉〈…〉 Regum circumhabitantium, &c.

This Sunne being set, darke and stormy times followed, by reason of D••••ish incursions. These Danes (as M. Ca••d••n recordeth) began to be knowne to the world,* 1.6 about the yeere of Christ 570. for their piracies called Wiccings; of them Dudo de S. Quintino hath this testimony, Da••i •• Scan∣za (that is, Scandia) velut examen apum è canistro & gladius è vagina, diuersitate multimoda, &c. The [ 10] Danes, like a swarme of Bees out of their hiue, and a sword out of a sheath, in diuersifyed manner and barbarous custome leaped forth from Scanza (or Scandia) after that with petulant lust they had multiplied their innumerable generations.* 1.7 These being growne, contended with their parents and progenitors about their possessions, and ouerflowing their natiue Bankes, a multitude of them (according to their ancient cu∣stome) are compelled by lot to seeke forraine places, where by force they might plant themselues. In the con∣summating this expulsion or expedition, they anciently sacrificed to Thur, not with beasts, but the bloud of men, esteeming that the most precious Holocaust. Their Priest vsed to diuine with yokes of Oxen, the heads of each chosen by l••t being clo••••n asunder by one stroke the heart 〈◊〉〈◊〉 on the left side being searched, and with the bloud thereof the heads of theirs being anointed, they presently set s••yle. Dum••rus, somewhat ancienter then D••d••, mentioneth a place, called Leder••••, where euery ninth yeere in Ianuary, they all assembled and sacrificed ninetie nine Men, and as many Horses, with Dogs and Cocks, in stead of Haukes, to pacifie their Gods. Hereby wee see that by Danes, in our English stories, are intended not onely those which now we properly so call, but * 1.8 Norwegians also, Gottes, Vandals, [ 20]

[illustration] map of Norway and Sweden

HONDIVS his Map of NORVVEGIA and SVETIA.

SVECIA ET Norwegia 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Frieslanders, and the Inhabitants generally of those North-easterne parts; three Ships of whom, in the yeere 787. landed in the West parts,* 1.9 slew the Reeue of Beorhtricke King of the West Sax∣ons, and were by the Countrie people forced backe to their Ships. Ann. 795. a few Ships of them made the like assay in Scotland, and soone after some of them entred Tynemouth Hauen, in the [ 60] North part of England, and returned with the spoyles of the Churches of Hercenes and Tynmouth. This was in the yeere 800.* 1.10 Thirtie three yeeres after, in the reigne of Egbert, they were beaten at Dunmoth, but spoyled Sh••epie, with murthers and robberies, entring Thames with thirtie fiue

sayle. The next yeere they preuailed in battell against King Egbert, and after that ioyned with the Welshmen to inuade and destroy this Kingdome, but were both chased by the victorious pow∣er of the King; and An. 836. another hoast of them was beaten. Another Fleet of thirtie foure Ships landed at South-Hamton, An. 838. and slew Duke Aethelhelm: after which they proceeded with continuall incursions (two Hydras heads still succeeding, when any English Hercules had cut off one) that it breeds horror to read or thinke of the spoyles, rapes, fires, murthers, barbarisme, heathenisme, desolation and destruction, which they brought euery where with them. And al∣though Alfred, Edward, and Adelstane somewhat healed the Land of that pestilence; yet in Ethel∣dreds time such a mortall relapse happened, that first he charged the people with an insupportable tribute of Danegelt, arising to 48000. pounds yeerely (euen after the account of those times) and [ 10] buying herewith nothing but perfidie on their part, and beggerly on his,* 1.11 by the aduice of one Hu∣na the Generall of his Armie, he wrote Letters to all places, that on Saint Brices day (which is the morrow after Saint Martins night, the Danes not hauing digested that drunken solemnitie should be all massacred, which accordingly was effected on man, woman, and child, not sparing those which fled to the Altars. A few in London escaped, and caused Sweyne with a Danish Army and vnspeakable crueltie to repay that butcherie. Etheldred fled with his wife and children into Normandie (the seed of a new Conquest) so that Suanus * 1.12 hauing made the sheepefold a shambles and shepheardlesse, proclaimed himselfe King of England, which Canutus or Cunto and his two sonnes, Harold and Hardi••an••••••, held after him some thirtie yeeres space.

And such was the Danish tyranny, that euery Dane was stiled Lord Dane, and had at his com∣mandement [ 20] the wiues, daughters, and the whole houshold where hee became. But after the death of Hardicanutus, that title was turned into the reproachfull terme of Lurdane, and the day of his death * 1.13 (as the Roman Fugalia) was celebrated with open pastime and feasting in the streets, called Hocktide or Hucktide, as if England (then absolutely freed) made a mocke or scorne of her enemies. Canutus by treason of Eadrike Streona obtained the Kingdome, first as part∣ner with Edmund Ironside, and after his death the whole by other perfidie, slaying Eadwy brother of King Edmund, and sending Edmunds two sonnes, Edward and Edmund, to the King of Sweden to be there made away. But hee hating such crueltie, sent them to Salomon King of H••ngary to bring vp, where Edmund dyed, and Edward married Agatha daughter of Henry the Emperour, by whom hee had Aedgar Athling, and Margaret married to Malcolm King of Scots (the mother [ 30] of Maud wife to Henry the first) and Christine a Nun.

Canutus diuided the Kingdome into foure parts, of which hee reserued West Saxonie to him∣selfe, East England hee committed to Earle Turkill, Mercia to Duke Edrike, and Northumberland to Earle Erike. Soone after, he caused Duke Edrike (which treacherously had aduanced him to the Crowne) to bee slaine, (a iust reward of treason) and then banished Earle Turkill and Earle Erike picking quarrell with them (weary of any stalking horses) the former of which was presently af∣ter his landing in Denmarke slain. And now did Canutus seeke to win the fauour of the English by building and endowing Monasteries, making good Lawes, and marrying Emma the relict of King Ethelred. Thus hauing Denmarke by inheritance, and England by conquest & treachery, his ambi∣tion next aimed at Sweden, where first he had the worse, but after compelled Vlf and Eiglaf the [ 40] Kings of that Countrie to composition with him, Earle Godwin, the Generall of the English, pro∣uoking and animating the English to recouer their pristine glory,* 1.14 and by solid vertue to ouercome them, who had ouercome their new Lord, whose fortune had subiected the English. Thus Canu∣tus preuailed by Godwines policie and English valour, they by night without the Kings know∣ledge, or assistance of the Danish Armie, assaulting and ouerthrowing the Swedens: hee, the next day, missing the English, and fearing they had turned to the Enemy, till giuing the onset with his Danes vpon the forsaken Campe of the Enemy, he found there nothing but carkasses and spoyle.

Anno 1027. hauing intelligence that the Norwegians contemned their King Olaue for his simplicitie, he sent great summes of Gold and Siluer to the Grandes of Norway, to corrupt them,* 1.15 [ 50] and caused them to reject Olaue, and to choose him for their King. For peruerted with gifts they sent him word to come to them, whom he should find readie to entertayne him. An. 1028. he went with a fleet of fifty sayle to Norway, and expelled Olaue, subjecting that Kingdome to himselfe. Olaue which had beene the King, Doctor, Preacher and Apostle of the Norwegians, (as Florilegus stileth him) the sonne of Harald King of Norway, was slayne, Anno 1030. and cruelly butchered by his treacherous Norwegians with an Axe or Hatchet, for disanulling their Pagan superstitions, and hee since is there superstitiously worshipped for a Saint, whom then trayterously they permitted not to reigne or breathe. The same yeere perished at Sea, or (as some say) was slayne in one of the Orcades, Earle Hacun, whom Canutus fearing had banished in co∣lour [ 60] of sending him Embassadour.

His greatnesse (hauing to wife his sisters daughter) made him grow suspicious: And accor∣ding to the deuotion of that time. Anno 1031. Canutus or Cunto went to Rome on Pilgrimage, and there made magnificent Offerings, and obtayned diuers Immunities of the Emperour and Pope. After his returne he inuaded the Scots, and ouercame King Malcolme with two other

Kings. He going from Rome to Denmarke, sent a Letter to his English subjects thus beginning: Canutus Rex totius Angliae,* 1.16 & Danemerciae, & Norreganorum, & partis Suanorum, Aethelnotho Metropolitan•• & Alfrico Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, omnibusque Episcopis & Primatibus & toti An∣glorum genti, tam nobilibu•• quam plebeijs, salutem. Notifico vobis me nouiter iuisse Romam, oratum pro redemptio••e peccaminum meorum & pro salute Regnorum, quique meo subiacent regimini populo∣rum. Hanc quidem profectionem Deo iam olim deuoueram: sed pro negotijs Regni & causis impedien∣tibus huc vsque perficere non potui. Nunc autem ipsi Deo meo Omnipotenti valdè humiliter gratias a∣go, qui mihi concessit in vita mea Sanctos Apostolos suos Petrum & Paulum, & omne Sanctuarium quod iuxta vrbem Romam aut extra addiscere potui expetere, & secundum desiderium meum presentia∣liter venerari & adorare. Ob id ergo maximè hoc patrau••, quia à sapientibus didici sanctum Petrum A∣postolum magnam potestatem à Domino accepisse ligandi at{que} soluendi, clauigerum{que} esse Regni Celestis, [ 10] & ideo speciale eius patrocinium apud Dominum diligenter expetere valdè vtile duxi, &c.

[illustration] map of Denmark

HONDIVS his Map of Denmarke.

DANIAE REGNŪ

Canutus before his death set his Sonne Suanus in possession of Norway, and Hardecanutus his Sonne ouer the Danes. Harald and Hardecanutus diuided England betwixt them after his death. Anno 1035. and Harald dying, Anno 1040. that quarrell was ended; and soone after, by the o∣thers death the Danish Empire in England; the small space of King Edward interceding that, and [ 60] another Conquest of the Normans, descended also of like Northerne, namely of Norwegian Ori∣ginall. Canutus his Daughter Cunilda was married to Henry the Emperour, and being accused of Adultery, against a Giantly Champion appeared in her defence a childish English Dwarffe which serued her, who slue the Giant and presented his head to the Ladie, who thereupon diuorced

herselfe, and became a Nunne. Su••n•• King of Norway after fiue yeeres deceased, and Canutus his ill-gotten English and Norwegian wings were quickly not only pulled, but cut off.

The English had occasion of further inuasion to and from Norway. For Suanus decessing, the Norwegians chose Magnus the Sonne of Saint Olaue for their King;* 1.17 which when Hardeca∣nutus vnderstood (as the Danish Storie set forth by Erpold Lind••nbruch testifieth) hee inuaded Norway with his English and Danish forces, where he and Magnus came to composition that the Suruiuour should enjoy both Kingdomes. When Hard••canu•••• was dead, Su•••••• the Sonne of Estrid his Sister, succeeded, and Magnus King of Norway fought with Su•••••• to obtayne his co∣uenanted Kingdome of Denmarke, and ouercame him▪ Su•••••• fled into Sweden,* 1.18 and there abode till the death of Magnus, after which he recouered his Danish Scepter. Flore••tius writeth that [ 10] Suanus sent to King Edward the Confessor, intreating his side with a Nauie against M••gnus; Earle Godwine counselled to send fiftie ships, but Earle Leofrike and the people refused; and Magnus with a great Nauie fought with Su••••us, and expelled him his Kingdome, which hee af∣ter recouered.

Harald Haruager the Sonne of Si••ard King of Nor••ay and Brother by the Mothers side to Saint Olaue obtayned Norway after his Nephew Magnus, and sent an Embassage to King Ed∣ward, whereby Peace and Amitie was concluded betwixt both the Kings. He (after King Ed∣wards death) inuaded England with a great Nauie m 1.19 of three hundred ships, and discomfited [ 20] the Earles Edwine and M••rcar neere Yorke; but fiue dayes after Harold then King (Sonne of Earle Godwin) slue his Brother Tosti and Haruagre at Stamford Bridge, permitting his Sonne O∣laue to returne vpon conditions to Norway. But whiles he conuerted the spoyle to his owne pro∣per vse, he gaue such disgust to the English, that a few dayes after in the battayle with William Earle of Normandie, they were lesse zealous of his cause; where a new Norman period beganne:* 1.20 those Northerne quarrels hauing had no other end but this succession.

I shall not need to adde what followed (the Norman Acts in Italie, Palestina and other pla∣ces I haue handled else-where) little occurring of Mars, but Mercurie,* 1.21 of which I haue by me Letters from King Henry the Third, the first yeere of his Reigne to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or Haqu••n, then King of Norway, for mutuall Trafficke betwixt both their subjects. It is remarkable that the Nor∣therne humour of spoile, slaughter and bloud continued whiles they were Pagans, and expired in manner with their Paganisme both in Norwegians and Danes: as if God would first by them [ 30] punish the vices of those times, and withall conquer the Conquerours,* 1.22 with the Religion of the conquered, and by so strange a way bring the Northerne World (by this way of destroying) to saluation. Since that time, the State of Norway, Island and other parts hath decayed in numbers of shipping, courage of men, and other meanes of Earthly greatnesse. Somewhat yet for Hi∣story and an Historians sake, I will adde of Matth•••• ••ari•• an Englishman his Voyage to Norway.

In the yeere 1247. Matthew Paris recordeth, that on the day of Saint Olaue, a famous Saint in the Regions and Ilands of Norway, Ha••on was crowned King,* 1.23 and solemnely anointed at Berga by the Bishop of Sabine then Legate (from the Pope) in those parts. For the honour whereof the said King gaue the Pope 15000. Markes sterling, besides inualuable Gifts which [ 40] the Legate himselfe had; and fiue hundred Markes by him extorted (saith our Author) from the Church of that Kingdome.* 1.24 The King also receiuing the Crosse for the Holy Land Expe∣dition, obtayned of the Pope the third part of the Ecclesiasticall Reuenues of that Kingdome towards his charges. Which Lewis the French King knowing, writ in friendly termes to Ha∣con, to beare him company in the said Expedition, offering him full power (in regard of his Sea-skill) ouer his Nauie, and ouer the French Army. This Letter was carried by our Authour Mat∣thew Paris, to whom King Hacon answered that he gaue great thankes to that deuour King: but knew in part the nature of the French, & as saith the Poet, 〈…〉〈…〉, and I say, Omnis{que} superbus, Impati••us cons••rtis erit. My people is impe••uous, indiscreet, and impatient of wrongs, which might occasion irreparable damage; and therefore it is fitter for [ 50] each to goe by himselfe. But I haue written to the King for quiet passage thorow his Countrey, and prouisions as need required. The Kings Answere thereto and Letter•• Patents were also deli∣uered to him by this our Author in this forme.

Ludonicus Dei gratia Francorum Rex, vniuersi 〈◊〉〈◊〉 & fid••libus 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Balli••is, Maio••ibus,* 1.25 & Praepositis, ad quos praes••ntes liter•• p••ruanerint, salutem. Cum clarissimus noster Illustris Hacon Rex Norwegiae in subsidium T••rrae sancta transfretare proponat, sicut nobis per suas literas intima••it, vobis mandamus, quatenus si cundem Regem vel ipsius Nauigium per mare co••tiguum terrae nostra tran••ir•• contingat, vel in Terram nostram, vel in fe••da nostra alicubi applicar••, ipsum & suos benignè & hono∣rificè recipiatis, permittentes eosdem in terra nostra a victualia 〈◊〉〈◊〉, & sibi p••r forum legitimum de sibi necessarijs prouidere. Actum apud Sanctum Germanum in Laia, A. D. 1248.

[ 60] When the King of Norway had read this (for hee is a discreet, and modest, and well lear∣ned man) hee reioyced much, and was gratefull to the bearer,* 1.26 respecting him with Royall and bountifull gifts. Thus writeth Matthew Paris of himselfe, and his employment. The cause of his going into Norway he further relateth, that King Cnuto (or Canutus) hauing founded a fa∣mous

Monastery of Saint Bennet, of Holm in Norway (of which title and order hee had founded another in England) it happened that the said Abbie, with the appurtenances was almost ruined by an impious Abbat, who forsaking his Order, and stealing away priuily the Seale of the Chapi∣ter, either sold, or by forged writings fraudulently engaged almost all the possessions thereof: wherein hee had the Sacrist, the keeper of the Seale, his copartner, both in this fugitiue apostacie and treacherie. Heereupon the Archbishop of Nidrosia, in whose Diocesse the said Abbie was situate, seised the same and the appurtenances into his hands, alledging that the Monkes had only the habite,* 1.27 but were altogether ignorant of Monastike order, and Saint Bennets rule, some of them also theeues and fugitiues. The Monkes appealed to the Pope (which caused the Archbishop to suspend his proceedings) and the Prior recouering somewhat, and gathering together a summe of [ 10] money, went to the Roman Court, where the Abbat had beene a little before, and intangled by writings the said house in fiue hundred markes; which caused the Prior to returne frustrate and full of griefe. But in his way, hearing that the said Abbat was dead, in the Abby of Saint Al∣ban in Selio (in Norway) he and the Couent made choice of an Abbat, and this Prior, with ano∣ther Monke, and three hundred markes in mony, together with the Kings letter, being sent to Matthew Paris to take paines for their freedome, it was procured happily that the temporal∣ties of the said house were freed from the Caursines (the Popes Vsurers) then residing at London, within one yeeres space. But their Spiritualities were much maimed, they by bribes purchasing delayes, lest the Archbishop should take possession of the Iland which wholly belonged to the Abby, and of it also, expelling the Monkes. [ 20]

Now the Cardinall Bishop of Sabine then comming Legate into Norway, the Monkes sought to him for succour, and hee counselled them to go and petition the Pope to prouide them of an Instructor and Reformer, and he would write in their behalfe.

The Abbat therefore and Prior went with Letters from the King and Legate to the Pope, who gaue them leaue to chuse any man of whatsoeuer Region or Monasterie to be their Instru∣cter. They answered the next day, that all the World had not Monkes of that Order liuing in more composed order then England, nor England any comparable by report, to Saint Albans: of which House they desired Matthew to be their Reformer, of whose wisdome and faithfulnes they had had experience; a man also almost familiar and friendly to their King, and able by his meanes to order the rebellious and vnruly. Hereupon the Pope gaue them this Briefe to the Ab∣bat [ 30] of Saint Albans,

Innocentius, &c. Dilecto Filio Abbati Sancti Albani in Anglia Ordinis S. Benedicti, &c. Cum si∣cut ex parte dilecti filij Abbatis Monasterij de Hol••s, Ordinis S. Benedicti Nistorsiensis Diocesis, fuit propositum coram nobis; idem Monasterium propter Pradecessorum suorum negligentiam, sit in his quae ad Monasticum Ordinem pertinent deformatum; nec inueniator in illis partibus aliquis qui statuta & obseruantias eiusdem Ordinis bene sciat: Nos ad supplicationem eiusdem Abbatis, discretionem tuam rogamus, attentius & hortamur per Apostolica tibi scripta mandantes, quatenus dilectum filium Fra∣trem Mattheum Monachum tuum, qui dicitur probeta vitae ac religionis expertae, ad idem Monasterium vt dictum Abbatem & Monachos suos in regularibus disciplinis & statutis quae ad eundem ordinem per∣tinent, informet & instruat, transmittere pro diuina & Apostolicae sedis ac nostra reuerentia non post∣ponas. [ 40] Datum Lugduni, &c. Hereto the Abbat obeying, and Matthew to his Abbat, the busi∣nesse luckily succeeded, and Monkerie both in that of Hol••s, and other Norwegian Monasteries was reformed.

I might here shew l 1.28 the great stirres which in the first Ages after the Conquest the Norwe∣gians haue caused in Ireland, Wales, Man, Anglesey, the Hebrides, and Orcades: as also of Ha∣rald (whom the Conquerour slue) his two sonnes and daughter fleeing to Sueno King of Den∣marke, who gaue the daughter in Marriage to Ieruslaus, or Waldemarus King of Russia: and of Nicolas de Lynna,* 1.29 a Franciscan Frier and Mathematician of Oxford, before mentioned, of whom Iacobus Cuoyen saith in his Iournall that he learned of a Priest who had descended of those which King Arthur had left to people the Ilands of Norway, Anno 1364. that in the yeere 1360. the said Frier had comne into those Ilands, and proceeding further by Art Magicke, had described [ 50] those A••••ike parts (as the n 1.30 Map presents) with foure Whirl-pooles or In-draughts. Yea (as Master Dee addeth) at the Northerne Ilands, the Record whereof at his returne he gaue to the King of England,* 1.31 the Booke being called Inuentio fortunata or fortunae, contayning a description from fif∣tie foure degrees to the Pole. I might also adde out of Th••mas of Walsingham, the Trauels of Henrie Earle of Darbie,* 1.32 (afterwards Henrie the Fourth, King of England) into Prussia and Let∣tow, or Lithuania, where by his helpe especially was taken Vilna the chiefe Citie (Sk••rgalle the King of Lettow, hauing fled thither for refuge) his Colours being first aduanced on the walls, foure thousand slaine, of which the King of Polands Brother, and three thousand captiued. Also I might adde the Voyage of Thomas of Woodstocke Duke of Glocester, sonne to King Edward the Third,* 1.33 along the Coasts of Denmarke, Norway, and Scotland. Other Letters likewise of King [ 60] Edward the Second to Haquin or Hacon, King of Norway in behalfe of English Merchants there arrested: with Entercourses betwixt the English and the Dutch Knights in Liefland. But ha∣uing only briefe mentions of these, and them or the most of them recorded by Master Hakluyts

industrie before, I doe here but Index-wise referre the Reader thither. I rather choose to giue new things and rare: and such may seeme these Notes which Anno 1605. I writ from the mouth of Master George Barkeley.

[illustration] map of the North Pole

HONDIVS his Map of the Arctike Pole, or Northerne World.

POLUS ARCTICUS cum vicinis re∣gionibus.

Notes

• * 1.1

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.2

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.3

  Octhers voyage see Hak. ••••••1.
• * 1.4

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.5

  〈…〉〈…〉 4000.

  Matthew West∣minster hath 4800. viz 1200. for the South coast also.
• * 1.6

  Danes Wi••cinga Sig. a Pirate.
• * 1.7

  Scanza is the Chersonesus, containing the Country of Norway, Swe∣den, &c.

  Men sacrificed to Thur.
• * 1.8

  Mat. West.
• * 1.9

  Lamberts per∣ambulation of Kent.
• * 1.10

  Mat. Westminst.
• * 1.11

  Danegelt con∣tinued till Ed∣ward the Con∣fessor. A. 1012.
• * 1.12

  This Swan••s, or Sueno had killed his fa∣ther.
• * 1.13

  A. 1042. Hocktide I haue seene kept with publi••e fea∣sting in the street, the wo∣men also ••in∣ding men, or compelling them to some ransome▪ the Tuesday for••∣night after Easter.
• * 1.14

  English Con∣quest in Swe∣den. A. 1024.
• * 1.15

  Saint Olaue.
• * 1.16

  Romish Pilgri∣mage a prote∣ction for ty∣rannous vsur∣pation of Nor∣way & England, without resti∣tution to the right Heires: as if Peters pre∣tēded key were a Pick-locke to open Heauen to whomsoe∣uer.
• * 1.17

  Historia Danica.
• * 1.18

  Second English Expedition in∣to Norway.
• m 1.19

  Trecenti•• coggonibu••.
• * 1.20

  From 787. to 1065.
• * 1.21

  vid. sup. l. 8. c. 6. ••. 1.
• * 1.22

  Note.
• * 1.23

  Ma. Peri•• p. 981:
• * 1.24

  The Pope and his Le∣gates deere friends to all Kingdomes. Saint Lewis his offers.
• * 1.25

  His Lett••r.
• * 1.26

  M. Par. his voy∣age to Norway. Iohn Abbie.
• * 1.27

  Monkes igno∣rant of their owne order. Popes long hands and Lime-fingered Appeales.
• l 1.28

  Of these s••e Hak. tom. 1.
• * 1.29

  King Haralds children.
• n 1.30

  See pag. seq.
• * 1.31

  Frier of Linne.
• * 1.32

  Hen. 4.
• * 1.33

  T. of Woodstock.