Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. IX. A Letter of RICHARD FINCH to the Right Worshipfull Sir THOMAS SMITH, Gouernour; and to the rest of the Worshipfull Companie of English Merchants, trading into Russia: touching the former Voyage, and other [ 40] obseruations.

RIght Worshipfull, my dutie remembred vnto you, with prayer to God for the preseruation of your healths and prosperous successe in all your worthie affaires. My last Letters vnto you were from Typani in Lapland, by Thomas Hare-castle of Hull, dated the foure and twentieth of May, 1611. The other, the nine and twentieth of May from Kyldin neere Camen, by a ship of Hamburg: which fore∣said Letters were directed to our Gouernour, the right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith, Knight. May it now please you further to vnderstand, That the ninth day of Iuly, wee came to the mouth of the Riuer of Pechora,* 1.1 which the Russes call Pechorskoi Zauorot with our [ 50] ship. And being entred into the aforesaid Harbour, it was full of Ice, and hard to finde: for we found no mayne Land, saue a small Sound behind the Ice. And labouring to and fro along the same, we sent William Gourdon in our Shallop manned to the shoare: who, as soone as they were landed,* 1.2 espied two Crosses standing on the sand: and presently our men espied three men com∣ming toward them. These men belonged to three Boats of Pinega, which Boats had beene in our companie not long before, at a place called by them, Promoya, by vs, Obscure, but by other Writers, Morshouitz. One of these Russes came on boord of our ship, and told vs, that wee could goe no farther with our ship, then the place, that their Vessels, called Coaches, rid in; and that to the Towne we must goe in small Vessels; giuing vs directions to sayle by, for the better finding of the Towne. After our getting ouer the Barre of the Pechorskoi Zauorot, and that we [ 60] were come to an anchor, we rode in great danger by the abundance of Ice, and the strong tide both of the ebbe and floud,* 1.3 which droue the same so forcibly against our ship. For, the eleuenth of Iuly, lying in foure fathomes water, a piece of an Iland of Ice, set with such a power against our ship, that it droue vs out of our riding into eight foot and an halfe, and nine foot water.

The eleuenth of Iuly, Master Iosias Logan, William Gourdon, and William Pursgloue, with our Shallop went vp to the Towne of Pechora, taking directions of the Russes for the finding of the same. Neuerthelesse, two dayes after their departure from our ship, they had mistaken their way, if by chance they had not met with a small Russe Boat, in which were Russes that directed them. Being about thirty Versts from the Towne, they came to the house of one Vasili Deadoo∣loue, who that this present is one of the chiefest Customers: by which Customers the Towne of Pechora is now gouerned, since there was no Gentleman sent from the Mosco. This man gaue them good entertaynment, and sent vp with them a man of his owne, fearing that the people would bee amazed at our mens sudden and vnexpected comming.* 1.4 Yet as soone as they [ 10] espied our people, they were all exceedingly afraid. Diuers of them with their women fled in∣to the Woods, vntill that one of the chiefest Customers had sent for them other Customers, who at that time were all out of Towne. But being met together, Master Logan shewed them the Priuiledges, of seuerall of their Emperours granted to your Worships. After the perusing of which, with the good report giuen of Master Mericke, your Agent, and our Nation by one of Colmogro, with whom Master Logan was acquainted; the Townes-men were well satisfied: and appointed our people an House. And many of them sent Bread, Pies, Ducks, Fish, and such like vnto them, entertayning them very well, according to the fashion of the Countrey, with con∣tinuall admiration how they found the Towne.

Touching the Inhabitants, there is no doubt, but that they will be glad of our trading thi∣ther. [ 20] Neuerthelesse, by that which I haue heard and perceiued, it is very likely, that the same will be distastfull to the Merchants of the Countrey, and others that trauell thither in the Win∣ter time, out of many parts of Russia: and also, to them that trade in the Summer time, by Sea to Mongosey, and through the Riuer of Peoza in Cayucks to Perm, Oust-zilme, and Pechora.

The seuen and twentieth of Iuly, our Shallop with a small Russe Boat, returned to our ship from Pechora Towne, departing from the same the Thursday before, being the fiue and twen∣tieth of Iuly, in our foresaid Shallop, and Russe Boat, were sent downe by Iosias Logan, fiue and fortie bags of white Partridges feathers, and an hundred and seuentie white Foxe skinnes.* 1.5 These Feathers and Foxe skinnes, are bought of a Colmogro man, to be payd for the same in Russia by Master Mericke; and, as I vnderstand, not so cheape as others doe buy there of the Fowlers [ 30] themselues. But if two men were left, one at Pechora, another at Oust-zilme, and Perm, with ready money and a little commodities,* 1.6 much good might be done in the Winter time by buying of Sables, Beuers, Beuers wombs, Squerrils, Foxe skinnes white and dunne, Losh hides, and Deere skinnes. And for the transportation of your goods to Pechora, or bringing of your goods from Pechora; the same may be done from Arch-angel vpon the Duyna to Mezen, and from Mezen to Pechora, Oust-zilme, and Perm, both by Winter ouer Land, and in Summer through fresh water Riuers, or alongst the shoare with speed, and with a little charge: as by the man∣ner of their ordinary trauell appeareth, as it hath beene of a trueth deliuered mee, from the mouthes of men of long experience.

The last of August, came into Pechorskoi Za••orot, or the Hauen of Pechora,* 1.7 sixe and twentie [ 40] Lodias or Boats, which was the Fleet set out from Oustiug, Colmogro, Pinega, and Mezen: all of them being bound for Mongosey: but hauing been crossed with contrary winds, & the time of the yeere being spent, they gaue ouer their intended Voyage; purposing with the next faire wind, to sayle to the Towne of Pechora, there to lay vp their Lodias and commodities till the next Spring, and themselues with their small Boats or Wherries to goe home, passing from thence vp the Riuer of Peoza, which they told me they could easily doe in a moneths time. As soone as this Fleet of Lodias was come to an anchor, many of them came aboord of our ship,* 1.8 wondring to see a ship there. They demanded of me, how wee came thither, and what the intent of our comming was: and whither we purposed to sayle from thence. Among these were some which seemed to be Merchants, who asked to buy Lists, remnants of Cloth, Cap-clothes, Aqua vitae, [ 50] especially, they asked for small Pewter D••shes,* 1.9 which I vnderstand to be a commoditie sold by them to the Samoyeds, at a great rate. I answered them, that the goods which wee had brought, were part already at Pechora, and the rest was to be transported thither, as soone as the Vessell came that was hired to carrie the same vp: so that, if any of them were minded to buy of our commodities, they might haue it of one of our Countrey-men there. After which, two or three of them demanded of me, whether I would buy any Sables, or Squerrils: which was but a brag. At this time many of them being on boord together, some of them were in priuate talke, which was my chance to ouer-heare, and was as followeth: If these Neamchines, or Strangers resort to these places, it will be an occasion in short time to make vs to be without Bread. The like speeches I heard a little before, of two men of Pinega; and of an old man remayning in [ 60] Pechora, that came downe to our ship with the Feathers.

Touching the goods left with William Pursgloue, Marmaduke Wilson, and the Russe, in regard the same lay in no good place, we were desirous to haue hired one of their Russe Boats, to haue carried the same to the Towne at a reasonable rate; the rather because it was on their way, and their Boats were not ouerladen: which they with two Boats might haue done with ease: yet

they would not, vnlesse wee would giue them thirtie or fiue and twentie Rubbels at the least, and that with Condition, that they might distribute into each Boate somewhat thereof. There∣fore vnderstanding their vnreasonable demand, hauing a Boate already hyred, wee vtterly refused to talke with them any further thereof: especially when they were minded to di∣uide the goods into all the sixe and twentie Lodias or Boates: which had beene a tricke to haue lost all.

The first of August, leauing Master Iosias Logan, William Pursgloue, and Marmaduke Wilson, at Pechora,* 1.10 wee sayled ouer the Barre of Pechorskoie Zauorot, directing our course for Noua Zem∣bla,* 1.11 till that wee had runne so farre, and were so inclosed in huge Ice, that in a Day and a Night we could goe neither backward nor forward: And finding no meanes to proceed on our inten∣ded Voyage for Noua Zembla, wee cleared our selues out of that place. Truth it is, that this hath [ 10] beene an hard Summer to all the Russes, both to them which were bound for Mongozey, and those that went to kill Morses,* 1.12 and fishing of a certayne Fish called Omeli. From the foresayd place wee set our course for Cherie Iland, intending to meete with the Ile of Colgoiene, and Wil∣loughbies Land. With Colgoiene wee met, but we missed of the other. The seuenth of August, William Gourdon and I with our Shallop went on shoare.* 1.13 This Colgoiene, is a very long and broad Iland with many Vallies in it. On the same are many Geese, which the Russes vse to take with Nets in the time of the yeere, before they bee ouer fledge. In this Iland seemeth to bee store of Hawkes. Heere William Gourdon and our Cooper, caught two Hawkes, whereof one was spoy∣led in the taking, the other remayneth aliue.

The thirteenth of August, wee arriued at Cherie Iland, standing in 74. degrees and odde mi∣nutes,* 1.14 [ 20] and Anchored in the South Coue, finding the same very cleare of Ice. And presently after our Ship was at an Anchor, Iames Vadin the Master, William Gourdon, and I, went on shoare on the Coue to looke for Morses.* 1.15 Here we found a certayne Note, which was left there by Thomas Edge: the effect of which was: That he arriued there with three Shalops from Greenland, and that there he had found the Ship called the Elizabeth, and that hee was gone in her to Greenland the foure and twentieth of Iuly, hoping to finde the goods which hee had left there: and that hee did purpose to returne againe to Cherie Iland with as much speed as could be made. Subscribed: Thomas Edge.

At our comming to the Iland, wee had three or foure dayes together very fine weather: in which time came in reasonable store of Morses, both at the South Coue and at the North-side: [ 30] and wee were in good hope we should haue made a sauing Voyage. Neuerthelesse, though there were store of Beasts,* 1.16 yet by no meanes would they goe on those beaches and places, that former∣ly they haue beene killed on. But fortie or fiftie of them together, went into little holes within the Rocke, which were so little, steepe and slipperie, that as soone as wee did approach towards them, they would tumble all into the Sea. The like whereof by the Masters and William Gour∣dons report, was neuer done. For lying as they did, and being so shey as they were, it was not possible to doe any good vpon them. Moreouer, to get them off these foresaid Rockes to make them come on shoare vpon their accustomed places, the Master and our men on both sides of the Iland went to driue them away, yet they would not. But by often driuing of them out of their holes, we killed as many as wee could. In the end the weather growing stormie and cold, there [ 40] were few or none of them left. Wherefore seeing all hope of good to be done of them to be past, wee departed from thence the sixe and twentieth of August,* 1.17 1611. for England. We did not per∣ceiue any Ship of Hull to haue beene there this Summer.

Hauing touched the chiefest points of our Voyage, I thinke it meete to set downe somewhat of the State, Commodities, and Trade of Pechora, Oust Zilma, and Parmia.

The Towne of Pechora is small, hauing three Churches in it: and the most part of the people are poore.* 1.18 In the Spring and a great part of the Summer, they liue by catching of Partridges, Geese, Duckes, and Swannes, of which they euery Summer take a great number. The flesh of these Fowles they salt, and liue of them the most part of the Winter. But the feathers of the said Fowle they gather together,* 1.19 and sell to the men of Colmogro, Oustiug, and others, that come e∣uerie [ 50] yeere out of Russia to buy the same: Some of them giue a little money before hand to the Fowlers. Which must be done with great care as the times are now. One Meafed a mans sonne of Pechora,* 1.20 whose Father is a man of great dealings, told mee, That they sold white Partridge feathers to men of Colmogro for readie money, at fiue Altines the Poud, and Duckes feathers (a∣mong which was Downe) they sold now for seuen or eight Altines the Poud. Likewise hee told me that in former times the Russes that vsed to trade thither, before the people of the Coun∣trey knew what Commodities were worth, had commonly a Poud of Partridge feathers for two pence of their money, and a peece of cake Sope worth at Colmogro ten pence of their mo∣ney. So that the chiefest Commoditie and best cheape is Feathers, being bought at Pechora with readie Russe money of the Fowlers themselues, and not of the Ligers there, that vse to sell them [ 60] to vs at Archangel on the Riuer of Duyna.* 1.21

Moreouer one hundred English miles on this side of the Towne of Pechora, is a place called by them the Boluano, where they take great store of Salmons. But it is alwayes the first of August

before they begin to cast out their Nets. And oftentimes toward the later part of the Summer, they haue such store, that they are sold ordinarily for foure-pence a Fish, and sometimes for a penie a Fish of their money. Yea, in a plentifull yeere, I haue beene told, one may buy whole draughts of Salmons for a very small summe of money. The Salmons heere are fat: three Fishes weighing commonly a Powd and no more. The best sort of the people of Pechora, vse to preserue a great quantitie of their Salmon with a little salt. For they salt eightie, or one hundred Fishes with a Powd of Salt: and many times in plentiful yeres, much Fish is cast away for want of salt; which they are loath to bestow when Salt is deare.

This Salmon is carryed by the Pechora men to Mezen in Sleds, drawne with Reyne Deere. But if they be minded to carrie the said Fish from Mezen to Colmogro, then they carrie the same [ 10] from thence with Sleds drawne with Horses.

Also many men of Colmogro, Pinega, and Mezen, buy Salmons at Pechora, and carrie it in the Winter time to Mezen, to which place they pay from Pechora for the hyer of a Sled and a Reyne Deere, ordinarily ten Altines, being twelue dayes journey: and from Mezen to Colmogro, being sixe dayes journey, they pay foure-pence a Powd at the most. The Deere that trauell from Pe∣chora to Mezen, will not draw aboue seuen Powd weight. This way is trauelled euery Winter twice. The first is sixe or eight weekes before Christmasse. And the second time is two or three weekes before Shrouetide: which bee the times that they very diligently obserue to sell the Sal∣mon in. Most part of the men of Pechora, haue euery one his owne Deere to trauell with. And some particular men of the better sort haue twentie or thirtie Deere,* 1.22 which they let out to hyer [ 20] in the Winter time; and in the Summer time they put them foorth to the Samoyeds to keepe. Also when the Winter way is set and beaten, many Merchants and others come out of Russia to buy Sables, Beuers, Beuers wombes, Squirrels, blacke, white and dunne Foxes, of which in the Winter time is store, brought thither by the Samoieds round about those parts: which Trading is in the Winter time and not else. The chiefest Russe Merchants or Furriers that vse these parts, I haue beene told, are the Obleazoues, the Shepetkins, and the Yeadomskoies. The Com∣modities carryed by them, are red, and yellow Cloathes; but chiefly Russe money, with which they buy Commodities there of the Russes, as well as that which they buy of the Samoieds in barter.

The Commodities carryed from Volochda, O••stiug, Colmogro, Pinega, and Mezen, to Pechora [ 30] and Mongozei, are Meale, Bacon, Butter, Ote-meale, Tolockno, and Salt, with some small quan∣titie of Yeasts and tanned Leather, with some Cloath, and other of our Commodities. These Commodities at Mongozei are sold at great rates. But at Pechora, Commodities are sold some∣times deare and sometimes cheape, in respect of profit. For if the Fleet, being at least thirtie Boates that set out euery Summer for Mongozey, laden with these Prouisions and Commodities aforesaid, bee crossed with contrarie windes; and that by the latenesse of the yeere they cannot reach to Mongozey, but are constrayned to leaue the same and come for Pechora, (as this yeere 1611. they were:) Then commonly Meale, Bacon, and such like Commodities with them are not deare. For by report a little quantitie of Meale doth serue all those parts.* 1.23 For the greater part of them liue of fresh Fish sod and dryed in stead of Bread, of which Fish they haue plentie. [ 40] Likewise, there vseth not to goe from Colmogro with these Prouisions, aboue two Boates in a Summer directly to the Towne of Pechora: especially since the Towne was burnt, and that there was no Gouernour in the same.

Also by the Mongozey men it did appeare, that there was no likelihood for them to vtter that quantitie of Commodities at Pechora, at any rate. For if there had, there would not haue resolued to lay vp their goods in Ware-houses till the next Spring, and then to proceed for Mongozey.

Further from the Towne of Pechora, is a place called by the Russes, Oust Zilma. This is,* 1.24 by the description giuen vnto me in distance from Pechora, as Oustiug is from Colmogro: and is like∣wise to bee trauelled by water against the streame: And in Winter time it is to bee trauelled in Sleds drawne with Reyne Deere. In this place of Oust Zilma, is great store of Squirrels, Beuers, [ 50] and Beuers wombes, Foxe skinnes white and dunne, and other Furres, but chiefly Squirrels, of which is great store by all mens report, that I haue talked withall. So that hauing a man in the Winter time at this place, a good quantitie of Squirrels and other Furres, may bee prouided at a reasonable rate. Moreouer, heere are to be bought Losh-hydes, and Deere-skinnes, which in the Winter time are brought to this Towne of Oust Zilma from Perm, which is not farre from thence. But to buy Losh-hydes and Deere-skinnes, the best course is to goe from Oust Zilma to Perm, and to buy them there, where one should bee sure to haue Choise, and at a farre better rate. Also those that vse to come out of Russia in the Winter time to Perm,* 1.25 to buy these foresaid Hydes; toward the later part of Winter carrie all these Hydes by Sleds, some two or three dayes [ 60] Iourney from Perm to the side of a certayne Riuer, neere vnto which is a small Towne or Vil∣lage; where as soone as the Ice is gone, they haue small Dorshenicks and Floates, on which they lade their Hydes, and being out of this Riuer, they enter into Duyna, and transport them to Colmogro and Archangell.

Likewise being at Pechora, Oust Zilma, or any of those parts, there is in the Winter time to

bee had among the Samoyeds,* 1.26 Elephants teeth, which they sell in pieces according as they get it, and not by weight. And I haue beene told, they sell the same at a very small rate. It is called in Russe, Mamanta Kaost. Thus much may suffice at this time to bee spoken of Pechora, Oust-Zilma, and Perm.

[ 1] Now I will set downe as I haue beene enformed by diuers Russes, the Names of the chiefest places which they vse to sayle vnto from Slobodca, an Hauen so called in the Prouince of Me∣zen, to the Pechorskoie Zauorot, or the Hauen of the Riuer of Pechora, and the Distances to each place: with a Direction how to sayle from Pechorskoie Zauorot vp to the Towne of Pechora.

[ 2] I will also set downe the Russes sayling from the foresayd Pechorskoie Zauorot, to the Yowhor∣skoie-share. And from thence to the Riuer of Ob: and thence to Mongozey. [ 10]

I will likewise set downe a true Direction, to goe by water in their Boates called Cayooks, [ 3] through the Riuer of Peoza, and other Riuers, till they come from Mezen to Oust Zilma, and Pechora.

Likewise I meane to write of the Samoieds, trauelling from Vaygats to the parts of Mon∣gozey, [ 4] in the Winter time, and from thence backe againe to the foresayd Towne of Mezen, called Slobodca.

Lastly, I will intreate of such Commodities as are to bee had at Mezen, with the speedie pas∣sage [ 5] from thence to Colmogro by Sea, or by Land in the Sommer time. And it is as followeth.

The things aboue mentioned, that I haue not seene my selfe, I haue not sleightly set downe from the mouthes of one or two, but from the mouthes of many ancient men, well experienced [ 20] in the Trauels and Trades of all these parts, which Master Iames Vadun the Master of our Ship can likewise witnesse. Therefore if the same may bee any way beneficiall vnto the Company, and that thereby I haue discharged my dutie vnto your Worships, I shall bee heartily glad thereof. Thus fearing I haue beene ouer tedious by my rude Letter, I rest, with my heartie prayer vnto Almightie God, for the happie preseruations of your selues, and all yours.

Written on Ship∣boord, the last of August, 1611.

Your Worships humble Seruant to com∣mand, RICHARD FINCH.

[ 30]

The Names of the principall places, which the Russes sayle by from Mezen to the Pechorskoie Zauorot, or the Hauen of Pechora. 1611.

FRom Mezen to Candinos, with a faire wind and stiffe gale, is thirtie houres sayle: They say∣ling commonly almost 40. leagues in foure and twentie houres, according to which it is 50. leagues. From Candinos to the Ile of Colgoie, is as before thirtie houres sayling, and after 40. leagues in foure and twentie houres, is 50. leagues. From Candinos to Promoya or Obscure, is twentie houres sayling, or 35. leagues. From the Ile of Colgoie to Colocol-coua, is fifteene houres [ 40] sayling, and reckoned as aboue appeareth, is 25. leagues. Along the shoare of this place are heapes of Sand, in the forme of Bells. Therefore the Russes call this place Colocol-coua, being deriued from Colocol, which in English signifieth a Bell. From Colocol-coua to the Peasaneetsa, is three houres sayle, or 5. leagues. This place is onely a small Brooke which they vse for a Sea-marke, more then for any benefit is to bee reaped at the same. From Peasaneetsa to the Pechorskoie Za∣uorot, is sixe houres sayle, or 10. leagues. So that from Colgoie Iland to this foresayd Pechorskoie Zauorot, is not aboue 40. leagues at the most.

[ 50]

A direction to sayle from the Pechorskoie Zauorot, where wee rode with our Ship in August 1611. to the Towne of Pechora, as followeth.

FRom this Pechorskoie Zauorot, they sayle into the Soohoie Mora, or Drie Sea, and not before: stirring away from hence South-west and by South, and in a faire gale of Winde, in foure houres they come to an Iland called Dolgoie.* 1.27 This Iland is reported to bee three or foure Russe Versts long, hauing on it in some time of the yeere many Geese, which the men of Pechora take before they bee able to flie. From this Dolgoie, they stirre away South South-west; and sayling this course with a faire gale of wind, in eight or nine houres sayle they come in sight of the maine [ 60] Land,* 1.28 being an indifferent high Land. This Land is called the Boluanou; and this is 20. leagues at the most. This Boluanou they haue on their Larboord side. Neere this place are diuers that in∣habite in Russe Houses: where in the Summer time they lye a Fowling, and fishing of a certayne Fish called Omeli, which are like our Maccarels. If need bee, heere a man may haue a guide or

good instructions to conduct him to Pechora Towne. Hard by this Boluanou, is the Oustia or barre of the entring of Pechora Riuer. For as soone as you are ouer this barre, you come into the Riuers mouth, which leadeth to Pechora Towne. If if bee thicke foggie weather, then one of them con∣tinually soundeth the depth of the Channell, keeping as neere as they can in the deepest water: and in so doing, they seldome mistake their way, so that they stirre away West from the Bolua∣nou to the Riuers mouth, keeping the Land on there Starboord side. And by all mens report, from the Boluanou to Pechora Towne, is with a faire winde and stiffe gale, not aboue twentie houres sayle: which according to their sayling, is about three and thirtie leagues. And it is not aboue fiftie leagues from the Pechorskoie Zauorot, where our Ship lay, to Pechora Towne.

[ 10]

The names of the places that the Russes sayle by, from Pechorskoie Zauorot, to Mongozey: with the manner of their Trauell, and Distance betweene each place, or time of Sayling, Halling, and Rowing vnto the same.

FRom Pechorskoie Zauorot to Matpheyoue Ostroue, or Iland, is with a faire wind and stiffe gale,* 1.29 at the most thirtie houres sayle, which being reckoned as before, after fortie leagues in foure and twentie houres, is fiftie leagues: to which they stirre away East. From Matpheyoue Ostroue to [ 20] the Youhorskoie-share, is nine houres sayle or fifteene leagues. When they are come to this Iland,* 1.30 they stir away from thence East to the said Youhorskoie-share. Also in cleere weather from Mat∣pheyoue Ostroue, they can see the maine Land, with the Meedanetskoie Zauorot: where the two Ilands bee called the Zelentsee or Greene Ilands: to which Ilands many of the Russes resort, to take a kinde of Fishes, called Om••li, which are like Maccarels: of which heere are store. This maine Land they haue on their right hand or S••arboord side, lying South from Matpheyoue O∣stroue. Also to the Southward of the Matpheyoue Ostroue, is another Iland which the Russes call Dolgoie, that is, the long Iland. So that there are two Dolgoies: the one, within the Pechorskoie Zauorot, entring into the S••••hoy Mora, or Drie Sea: The other is this, which is betwixt the Matpheyoue Ostroue, and the Yougorskoie-share; lying as before was sayd, South from the sayd [ 30] Matpheyoue Ostroue. From which Iland in a cleere day they can see the Land of Vaygats, which lyeth on the Larboord side, being very high Land. So that stirring out-right, in the middle be∣tweene the Meadanetskoi•• Land on their Starboord, and the Land of Vaygats on their Larboord side, they sayle directly into the Yougorskoie-share. Likewise there is not much of this Yougors∣koie-share. For they say, that being at one end, they can see the Sea at the other end thereof. Also, about the Land of Vaygats are neither Flats nor Shoalds.* 1.31 From the Yougorskoie-share to the Carskoie Gooba, is twelue houres sayle, or twentie leagues. In this Bay or Gooba, is the Meast∣noy Ostroue, or Meastnoy Iland. Further it is to bee remembred, that as soone as they enter this Carskoie Gooba or Bay, they sayle vp a Riuer, leauing this Bay on their Starboord: which Riuer bringeth them into the Mootnoya Reca, which signifieth the thicke or troubled Riuer. From [ 40] Carskoie Gooba to this Mootnoya Reca, is 20. leagues. Likewise, being a little past the Yougorskoie-share, there may bee described an high Land, which they call Soco••a Looda, that is, The Hawkes perch. And being ouer the Mootnoya Reca, which they are eight dayes and eight nights in hal∣ling along the shoare by the Rope or Beachaua, they come into two Lakes, which two Lakes from one end to the other they commonly row ouer in one Day or two Tides:* 1.32 the same not be∣ing aboue ten or twelue leagues. Hauing gotten to the end of those two Lakes, they come to a place called the Nauoloke, which signifieth an Ouer-hall. And it is almost two hundred fathoms,* 1.33 or foure hundred paces in length: And hauing emptyed their Vessels, called Coaches, laying poles vnder them, with the Companies or men of foure or fiue Boates, hauing twelue or thir∣teene men in a Boate, they hall their Vessels ouer, launching them into a third Lake,* 1.34 which they [ 50] call the Zelenoy Osera, that is, the Greene Lake. These Ouer-halls constraine them to consort themselues into Companies: otherwayes they could not get this way to Mongozey. At the end of this Zelenoy Osera, or Greene Lake, they come into the Zelenoya Reca, or Greene Riuer,* 1.35 in∣to which they runne with the streame, being often compelled to emptie their great Boates with their Lodias, or Wherries, laying their Goods vpon the shoare: which being done they row their great Lodias ouer the shoalds emptie; and hauing got ouer the shoalds, they bring their goods on boord againe. And thus they doe in diuers places of this Zelenoya Reca, or Greene Riuer: by reason whereof they are commonly ten dayes from the Ouer-hall, before they can get through this foresayd Riuer, which is all with the streame; but the Distance hereof cannot yet [ 60] bee perfectly learned. Being come to the end of this Zelenoya Reca, they enter into the Riuer of Ob; and hauing rowed a little way vp the same,* 1.36 they come to a place which they likewise call Zauorot: which signifieth a turning, winding, or entring into a place. From this Zauorot,* 1.37 they turne into the Tawze Reca, stirring away South to Tawze Riuer; but it is foure and twentie houres sayle, or fortie leagues from the Riuer of Ob, before they come into any part of the Tawze

Reca. In the Riuer of Ob, are neither Woods nor Inhabitants, till they sayle so farre vp the same, that they come neere to Siberia. But there are Woods.

* 1.38When they are entred into this Tawze Riuer, they haue foure dayes and foure nights sayling to Tawze Castle, with a faire wind and a stiffe gale: But if they bee driuen to row to the Tawze Gorodoc or Castle, then they are twelue dayes and twelue nights rowing thither at the least, ha∣uing calme weather. This Tawze Gorodoc, or Tawze little Castle, with the Villages, Townes, and all other places there to belonging,* 1.39 is by all the Russes generally called Mongosey. At this place are two Gentlemen or Gouernours, with three or foure hundred Gunners, and small C••stles in seuerall places of these parts of Mongosey. Moreouer, the men of Mezen, from whom I had all these Notes, told me; That in the Winter time there went men from Siberia to Mongosey, to buy Sables:* 1.40 deliuering vnto mee, that the Sables taken by the Samoyeds about Mongosey, are [ 10] richer in Furres then those that come from Siberia. Also they told me, that the Samoyeds inha∣biting vpon the mayne land ouer against Vaygats, trauelled in the Winter time with their Reyne Deere to the parts of Mongosey, to kill Sables and other beasts: and doe carrie their Furres from thence to Mezen, to sell there at a place called by the Russes, Slobodca, to which they did commonly resort about Shroue-tide, staying not there long, but as soone as they had made sale of their Furres, they departed home againe. Further, these men of Mezen told me, that in the Winter time with them was to be sold store of Squerrils, Beauers, Beauers wombs, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Sables. And that all those that trauelled in the Winter time from any part of Mongosey, Sibi••••, Pechora, and Oust-selma, to any part of Russia whether they were Merchants, or buyers vp of [ 20] the Furres, or the Samoyeds that caught them; they must of force come to their Towne of Me∣zen, to hire Horses to carrie them to Colmogro. By which meanes they told mee, their Towne was well replenished with all manner of Furres, especially of Squerrils. Also they informed me, that di••ers of Colmogro, and other parts of Russia th•••• sold vs Furs, for the most part bought the same of them, lying there in the Winter time for that purpose. Therefore, said they, if that any of our Nation would trade into their parts, they would be glad thereof, and that they may be furnished of all sorts of Furres, and at a farre better rate then hitherto we haue had them at. And that wee could vpon any occasion he quickly at Colmogro in the Winter time by Sled, or in any part of the Spring or Summer time by Boat••, at a very small charge. Lastly, that in the Spring time▪ we should not faile of a parcell of Trane-cyle, and Deeres skinnes, which euery [ 30] Summer they transported to Archangel to sell.

A true direction of the Russes trauelling from Mezen, with Cayooks or small Boats, through the Riuer Peoza, and from thence to a place called by them Peaskanoy Nauolock, or The Sandy Ouer-hall, passing from thence through other Riuers, till they come to Oust-selma, and to the Towne of Pechora: And is as followeth. [ 40]

* 1.41HAuing embarqued themselues at Mezen, in these small Cayooks or Boats, couered with the barkes of trees,* 1.42 they sayle to a Riuer called Peoza Reca. From thence they sayle, or draw their Boats to a place called,* 1.43 the Peaskanoy Nauolock, or Sandy Ouer-hall. From Mezen to this Ouer-hall is ten dayes haling along the shoare with the rope. This said Ouer-hall is fiue Russe Versts ouer. And after they haue vnladen their goods out of their Cayooks, they draw the said Vessels ouer at times with Horses, that come from Mezen of purpose; lying there the most part of the Summer, to that intent: and they pay sixe pence Russe for drawing ouer an empty Boat. Being ouer this Ouer-hall, they driue with the streame in three dayes to the Towne of Oust-selma: and with the streame in foure dayes they driue to a place called Pustozera: and [ 50] from Pustozera against the streame they come to the Boluanou,* 1.44 and from the Boluanou to the Towne of Pechora. Also, many of these Boats very often in their returne home with their fore∣said Cayooks, carrie Furres to Vsting, and diuers other places into the Countrey of Russia. All which they doe in a Summers time.

[ 60]

Notes

• * 1.1

  They arriue in the Port of Pe∣chora ••he ninth of Iuly.
• * 1.2

  Two Crosses standing on the sand. Pinega.
• * 1.3

  Ship endange∣red by Ice.
• * 1.4

  Our men ar∣riue at Towne of Pechora. People afraid of the English.
• * 1.5

  White Par∣tridges and Foxes.
• * 1.6

  Commodities.
• * 1.7

  The Fleet of Mongosey of 26. Lodias. Or Mongal.
• * 1.8

  From Pechora to Colmogro is a moneths trauel by Riuer.
• * 1.9

  Small Pewter Dishes, a great commoditie.
• * 1.10

  August 1.
• * 1.11

  Huge Ice.
• * 1.12

  Omeli Fishing.
• * 1.13

  They land on the Ile of Col∣goiene. Geese.

  Two Hawkes taken.
• * 1.14

  Cherie Iland.
• * 1.15

  Thomas Edge. See sup. c. 2.
• * 1.16

  Morses feare∣full.
• * 1.17

  August 26.
• * 1.18

  Pechora.
• * 1.19

  Oustiug.
• * 1.20

  A Poud is 37. pound, or the third part of a hundred weight. An Alteen is fiue of their Pence, a Groat of ours.
• * 1.21

  A great fishing of Salmons, beginning the first of August.
• * 1.22

  Trauelling Deere.
• * 1.23

  Fish in stead of Bread.
• * 1.24

  Oust Zilma.
• * 1.25

  Perm.
• * 1.26

  Elephants teeth, whence, and which way.
• * 1.27

  Dolgoie Iland in the Soosoie Mo∣ra.
• * 1.28

  The Boluanou.
• * 1.29

  Matpheyoue O∣stroue.
• * 1.30

  Youhorskoie Share.

  The Meedanet∣skoie Zauorot: where Hainbu∣rie is.

  The two I∣lands called Zelentsee, or the Greene I∣lands.

  Dolgoie Ostroue, or the Long I∣land.
• * 1.31

  Karskoie Gooba, Meastnoy O∣stroue, or Meast∣noy Iland.

  A Riuer.

  Mootnoya Reca, or the Thicke or troubled Ri∣uer.
• * 1.32

  Two Lakes.
• * 1.33

  The N••uoloke, or Ouer-hall.
• * 1.34

  Zelenoy Osera, or The Greene Lake.
• * 1.35

  Zelenoya Reca, or The Greene Riuer falleth into Ob.
• * 1.36

  The Riuer Ob.
• * 1.37

  The Zauorot in the Riuer of Ob.

  Tawze Reca.
• * 1.38

  Taes. Tawze Gorodoc, or Castle.
• * 1.39

  Mongosey.
• * 1.40

  The Samoyede on the Mayne, ouer against Vaygats, trauell in the Winter to Mongosey. We may learn of these Samoy∣eds, the trade of Mongosey at Mezen more perfectly.

  Mezen a Town of great traf∣fick for Furres.
• * 1.41

  Mezen.
• * 1.42

  Peozareca.
• * 1.43

  Peaskanoy Na∣uoloc.
• * 1.44

  Oust-selma. Pustozera. The Boluanou. Pechora.