Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

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Title
Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.
Author
Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.
Publication
London :: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose,
1625.
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Subject terms
Voyages and travels -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A71305.0001.001
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"Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A71305.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 5, 2024.

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§. I. What happened to them at Sea, before they came to build their House.

AFter that the seuen Ships (as I said before) were returned backe againe from their North Voyage, with lesse benefit then was expected, the Generall States of [ 50] the Vnited Prouinces consulted together, to send certayne Ships thither a∣gaine, a third time, to see if they might bring the said Voyage to a good end, if it were possible to bee done: but after much Consultation had, they could not a∣gree thereon; yet they were content to cause a Proclamation to be made, that if any, either Townes, or Merchants, were disposed to venture to make further search that way, at their owne charges, if the Voyage were accomplished, and that thereby it might be made ap∣parant, that the sayd passage was to be sayled, they were content to giue them a good reward, in the Countries behalfe, naming a certayne summe of money. Whereupon in the beginning of this yeere, there was two Ships rigged and set forth by the Towne of Amsterdam, to sayle that Voyage, the men therein being taken vp vpon two Conditions: viz. What they should haue if [ 60] the Voyage were not accomplished, and what they should haue if they got through, and brought the Voyage to an end, promising them a good reward if they could effect it, thereby to encourage the men, taking vp as many vnmarried men as they could, that they might not bee disswaded by meanes of their Wiues and Children to leaue off the Voyage. Vpon these Conditions, those

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two Ships were ready to set sayle in the beginning of May. In the one, Iacob Heemskerke Hen∣drickson, was Master and Factor for the Wares and Merchandizes; and William Barents chiefe Pylot. In the other, Iohn Cornelison Rijp, was both Master and Factor for the goods that the Merchants had laden in her.

The fifth of May, all the men in both the Ships were Mustered, and vpon the tenth of May, they sayled from Amsterdam, and the thirteenth of May got to the Vlie. The thirtieth of May we had a good winde, and sayled North-east, and wee tooke the height of the Sunne with our Crosse-staffe, and found that it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 47. degrees and 42. minutes, his Declination was 21. degrees and 42. minutes, so that the height of the Pole was 69. degrees [ 10] and 24. minutes.

The first of Iune we had no night, and the second of Iune we had the winde contrarie,* 1.1 but vp∣on the fourth of Iune we had a good winde, out of the West North-west, and sayled North-east. And when the Sunne was about South South-east, wee saw a strange sight in the Element: for on each side of the Sunne there was another Sunne, and two Raine-bowes, that past cleane tho∣row the three Sunnes, and then two Raine-bowes more, the one compassing round about the Sunnes, and the other crosse thorow the great rundle; the great rundle standing with the vtter∣most point, eleuated aboue the Horizon 28. degrees: at noone the Sunne being at the highest, the height thereof was measured, and wee found by the Astrolabium, that it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 48. degrees and 43. minutes, his Declination was 22. degrees and 17. minutes, the which [ 20] being added to 48. degrees 43. minutes, it was found that wee were vnder 71. degrees of the height of the Pole.

Iohn Cornelis ship held aloofe from vs, and would not keepe with vs, and would hold no course but North North-east, for they alledged, that if wee went any more Easterly, that then we should enter into the Wey-gates, but wee being not able to perswade them, altered our course one point of the Compasse, to meet them, and sayled North-east and by North, and should otherwise haue sayled North-east, and somewhat more East.

The fifth, wee saw the first Ice, which we wondered at, at the first, thinking that it had beene white Swannes, for one of our men walking in the Fore-decke, on a sudden began to cry out with a loud voyce, and said; that hee saw white Swannes:* 1.2 which wee that were vnder Hatches hea∣ring, [ 30] presently came vp, and perceiued that it was Ice that came driuing from the great heape, showing like Swannes, it being then about Eeuening, at midnight we sayled through it, and the Sunne was about a degree eleuated aboue the Horizon in the North.

The sixth, about foure of the clocke in the after-noone, wee entred againe into the Ice, which was so strong that we could not passe through it, and sayled South-west and by West, till eight Glasses were runne out, after that we kept on our course North, North-east, and sayled along by the Ice.

The seuenth, we tooke the height of the Sunne, and found that it was eleuated aboue the Ho∣rizon 38. degrees and 38. minutes, his Declination being 22. degrees 38. minutes; which being taken from 38. degrees 38. minutes, wee found the Pole to bee 74. degrees; there we found so [ 40] great store of Ice, that it was admirable: and we sayled along through it, as if we had past be∣tweene two Lands. The water being as greene as Grasse,* 1.3 and we supposed that we were not farre from Greenland, and the longer we sayled, the more and thicker Ice we found. The eight of Iune, we came to so great a heape of Ice, that we could not sayle through it.

The ninth of Iune, we found the Iland that lay vnder 74. degrees and 30. minutes,* 1.4 and as we ghest, it was about fiue miles long. The tenth, we put out our Boate, and therewith eight of our men went on Land, and as we past by Iohn Cornelisons ship, eight of his men also came into our Boat, whereof one was the Pilot. Then William Barents asked him, whether we were not too much Westward, but hee would not acknowledge it: whereupon there passed many words be∣tweene them, for William Barents sayd, he would proue it to bee so, as in truth it was.* 1.5 The ele∣uenth, going on Land, we found great store of Sea-Mewes Egges vpon the shoare, and in that I∣land [ 50] we were in great danger of our liues: for that going vp a great Hill of Snow, when wee should come downe againe, we thought we should all haue broken our neckes, it was so slipperie, but we sate vpon the Snow and slid downe, which was very dangerous for vs,* 1.6 to breake both our armes and legges, for that at the foot of the Hill there was many Rockes, which we were likely to haue fallen vpon, yet by Gods helpe we got safely downe againe. Meane time William Barents sate in the Boate, and saw vs slide downe, and was in greater feare then we,* 1.7 to behold vs in that danger. In the said Iland, we found the varying of our Compasse, which was 13. degrees, so that it differed a whole point at the least: after that wee rowed aboord Iohn Cornelisons ship, and there we eate our Egges.

The twelfth in the morning, we saw a white Beare, which wee rowed after with our Boate, [ 60] thinking to cast a Rope about her necke; but when we were neere her, she was so great,* 1.8 that we durst not doe it, but rowed backe againe to our Ship to fetch more men and our Armes, and so made to her againe with Muskets, Harquebusses, Halberts, and Hatchets. Iohn Cornelisons men comming also with their Boate to helpe vs: and so being well furnished of men and weapons,

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we rowed with both our Boates vnto the Beare,* 1.9 and fought with her while foure Glasses were runne out, for our Weapons could doe her little hurt: and amongst the rest of the blowes that we gaue her, one of our men strooke her into the backe with an Axe, which stucke fast in her backe, and yet shee swamme away with it; but we rowed after her, and at last we cut her head in sunder with an Axe, wherewith she dyed: and then wee brought her into Iohn Cornelisons ship,* 1.10 where we flayed her, and found her Skinne to bee twelue foot long: which done, we eate some of her flesh; but wee brookt it not well. This Iland we called the Beare-Iland.

The thirteenth we left the Iland, and sayled North, and somewhat Easterly, the winde being West, and South-west, and made good way: so that when the Sunne was North, wee ghest that we had sayled sixteene miles Northward from that Iland. [ 10]

The fourteenth, when the Sunne was North, we cast out our Lead one hundred and thirteene fathome deepe, but found no ground, and so sayled forward till the fifteenth of Iune, when the Sunne was South-east, with mistie and drisling weather, and sayled North, and North and by East: about Eeuening it cleared vp, and then we saw a great thing driuing in the Sea, which we thought had beene a Ship: but passing along by it, we perceiued it to bee a dead Whale, that stunke monstrously; and on it there sate a great number of Sea-mewes: At that time, wee had sayled twentie miles.* 1.11

The sixteenth, with the like speed we sayled North and by East, with mistie weather; and as we sayled, we heard the Ice before we saw it▪ but after, when it cleared vp, we saw it, and then woond off from it, when as we ghest we had sayled thirtie miles. The seuenteenth and eigh∣teenth, [ 20] we saw great store of Ice, and sayled along by it, vntill we came to the point, which we could not reach, for that the wind was South-east, which was right against vs, & the point of Ice lay Southward from vs: yet wee lauered a great while to get beyond it, but we could not doe it. The nineteenth, we saw Land againe, then we tooke the height of the Sun, and found that it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 33. degrees and 37. minutes: her Declination being 23. degrees and 26. minutes: which taken from the sayd 33. degrees and 37. minutes, wee found that we were vnder 80. degrees and 11. minutes:* 1.12 which was the height of the Pole there. This Land was ve∣ry great, and we sayled Westward along by it, till we were vnder 79. degrees and a halfe, where we found a good road, and could not get neare to the Land, because the winde blew North-east, which was right off from the Land: the Bay reacheth right North and South into the Sea. [ 30]

The twentie one, we cast out our Anchor, at eighteene fathome before the Land; and then we and Iohn Cornelisons men,* 1.13 rowed on the West-side of the Land, and there fetched Balast: and when we got on boord againe with our Balast, we saw a white Beare that swamme towards our ship; whereupon we left off our worke, and entering into the Boate with Iohn Cornelisons men, rowed after her, and crossing her in the way, droue her from the Land, wherewith she swamme further into the Sea, and we followed her; and for that our Boate could not make good way af∣ter her, we manned our Scute also, the better to follow her: but shee swam a mile into the Sea; yet we followed her with the most part of all our men of both Ships in three Boats, and strooke oftentimes at her, cutting and hewing her, so that all our Armes were most broken in pieces. During our fight with her, shee strooke her Clawes so hard in our Boate, that the signes thereof [ 40] were seene in it; but as hap was, it was in the fore-head of our Boate: for if it had beene in the middle thereof, she had (peraduenture) ouer-throwne it, they haue such force in their Clawes: At last, after we had fought long with her, and made her wearie with our three Boates that kept about her, we ouercame her and killed her: which done, we brought her into our ship, and flay∣ed her:* 1.14 her Skinne being thirteene foot long. After that, we rowed with our Scute, about a mile inward to the Land, where there was a good Hauen, and good Anchor ground, on the East-side being sandie, there wee cast out our Lead, and found sixteene fathom deepe, and after that, ten, and twelue fathome, and rowing further, we found that on the East-side there was two Ilands, that reached Eastward into the Sea: on the West-side also there was a great Creeke or Riuer, which shewed also like an Iland. Then we rowed to the Iland that lay in the middle, and there [ 50] we found many Red Geese-egges,* 1.15 which we saw sitting vpon their Nests, and droue them from them, and they flying away, cryed red, red, red: and as they sate we killed one Goose dead with a stone, which we drest and eate, and at least sixtie Egges, that wee tooke with vs aboord the ship, and vpon the two and twentieth of Iune, we went aboord our ship againe.

Those Geese were of a perfit Red colour, such as come into Holland about Weiringen, and eue∣rie yeere are there taken in abundance,* 1.16 but till this time it was neuer knowne where they hatcht their Egges, so that some men haue taken vpon them to write, that they sit vpon Trees in Scot∣land, that hang ouer the Water, and such Egges as fall from them downe into the Water become young Geese, and swim there out of the water; but those that fall vpon the Land burst in sunder, and are lost: but this is now found to bee contrary, and it is not to be wondred at, that no man [ 60] could tell where they breed their Egges, for that no man that euer wee knew, had euer beene vnder 80. Degrees: nor that Land vnder 80. degrees, was neuer set downe in any Card, much lesse the red Geese that breed therein.

* 1.17It is heere also to bee noted, that although that in this land which we esteeme to be Green∣land,

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lying vnder 80. Degrees, and more, there groweth Leaues and Grasse, and that there are such Beasts therein as eate grasse, as Harts, Buckes, and such like beasts as liue thereon, yet in No∣ua Zembla vnder 76. Degrees, there groweth neither Leaues nor Grasse, nor any Beasts that eate grasse or leaues liue therein, but such Beasts as eate Flesh, as Beares and Foxes: and yet this Land lyeth full 4. Degrees from the North Pole, further then Greenland aforesayd doth.

The three and twentieth, wee hoysted Anchor againe, and sayled North-westward into the Sea; but could get no further, by reason of the Ice; and so we came to the same place againe where we had layne, and cast Anchor at eighteene fathome: and at Eeuening being at Anchor, the Sunne being North-east, and somewhat more Eastward, wee tooke the height thereof, and [ 10] found it to be eleuated aboue the Horizon 13. degrees and 10. minutes, his Declination being 23. degrees and 28. minutes: which substracted from the height aforesaid, resteth 10. degrees and 18. minutes, which being substracted from 90. degrees, then the height of the Pole there was 79. degrees and 42. minutes.

After that, we hoysted Anchor againe, and sayled along by the West side of the Land, and then our men went on Land, to see how much the Needle of the Compasse varyed:* 1.18 Meane time there came a great white Beare swimming towards the Ship, and would haue climbed vp into it, if we had not made a noyse; and with that wee shot at her with a Piece, but she left the ship, and swam to the Land, where our men were: which we perceiuing, sayled with our ship to∣wards the Land, and gaue a great shout; wherewith our men thought that wee had fallen on a Rocke with our Ship, which made them much abashed; and therewith the Beare also being a∣fraid, [ 20] swamme off againe from the Land, and left our men, which made vs glad:* 1.19 for our men had no Weapons about them. Touching the varying of the Compasse, for the which cause our men went on Land, to trie the certaintie thereof: it was found to differ 16. Degrees.

The fiue and twentieth of Iune, we hoysted Anchor againe, and sayled along by the Land, and went South, and South South-west, with a North North-east winde, vnder 79. degrees. There we found a great Creeke or Riuer, whereinto we sayled ten miles at the least, holding our course Southward; but we perceiued that there we could not get through: there we cast out our Lead, and for the most part found 10. fathom deepe, but we were constrained to lauere out again, for the winde was Northerly, and almost full North, and we perceiued that it reached to the firme land, [ 30] which we supposed to bee Low-land, for that wee could not see it any thing farre, and therefore we sayled so neere vnto it, till that we might see it, and then we were forced to lauere, and vpon the seuen and twentieth of Iune we got out againe.

The eight and twentieth, we got beyond the point that Iay on the West side, where there was so great a number of Birds, that they flew against our Sayles,* 1.20 and wee sayled ten miles South∣ward, and after that West, to shun the Ice. The nine and twentieth, wee sayled South-east and somewhat more Easterly, along by the Land, till we were vnder 76. degrees and 50. minutes, for we were forced to put off from the Land, because of the Ice. The thirtieth of Iune, wee sayled South, and somewhat East, and then we tooke the height of the Sunne, and found that it was e∣leuated aboue the Horizon 38. degrees and 20. minutes, his Declination was 23. degrees and 20. [ 40] minuts, which being taken from the former height, it was found that we were vnder 75. degrees.

The first of Iuly wee saw the Beare-Iland againe, and then Iohn Cornelison and his Officers came aboord our ship, to speake with vs about altering our course,* 1.21 but wee being of a contrary o∣pinion, it was agreed that we should follow on our course, and hee his: which was, that he (ac∣cording to his desire) should sayle vnto 80. Degrees againe: for he was of opinion, that there he should finde a passage through, on the East side of the Land that lay vnder 80. Degrees.* 1.22 And vp∣on that agreement we left each other, they sayling Northward, and wee Southward, because of the Ice, the winde being East South-east.

The second, we sayled Eastward, and were vnder 74. degrees, hauing the wind North North-west, and then wee woond ouer another Bough, with an East North-east winde, and sayled [ 50] Northward. In the Eeuening the Sunne being about North-west and by North, we woond a∣bout againe (because of the Ice) with an East winde, and sayled South South-east, and about East South-east, and then we woond about againe (because of the Ice) and the Sunne being South South-west, we woond about againe, and sayled North-east. The third, we were vnder 74. de∣grees, hauing a South-east and by East winde, and sayled North-east and by North: after that wee woond about againe with a South winde, and sayled East South-east, till the Sunne was North-west, then the winde began to be somewhat larger.

The eight, wee had a good North-west winde, and sayled East and by North, with an indiffe∣rent cold gale of wind, and got vnder 72. degrees and 15. minutes. The ninth of Iuly, we went East and by North, the wind being West. The tenth of Iuly, the Sunne being South South-west, [ 60] we cast out our Lead, and had ground at one hundred and sixtie fathome, the wind being North-east and by North, and we sayled East and by South, vnder 72. degrees. The eleuenth, we found 70. fathome deepe, and saw no Ice, then wee ghest that we were right South and North from Dandinaes, that is the East-point of the White-sea, that lay Southward from vs, and had sandie ground, and the banke stretched Northward into the Sea, so that we were out of doubt that we

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were vpon the banke of the White Sea, for wee had found no sandie ground all the Coast along, but onely that banke. Then the wind being East and by South, we sailed South, and South and by East, vnder 72. degrees, and after that, we had a South South-east Wind, and sayled North-east to get ouer the Banke.

The thirteenth of Iuly, we sayled East with a North North-east wind: then wee tooke the height of the Sunne, and found it to be eleuated aboue the Horizon 54. degrees and 38. minutes, his declination was 21. degrees and 54. minutes, which taken from the height aforesaid, the height of the Pole was found to bee 73. degrees, and then againe wee found Ice, but not very much,* 1.23 and we were of opinion, that we were by Willoughbies Land. The fourteenth, we sayled North-east, the wind being North North-west, and in that sort sayled about a dinner time, along through the Ice, and in the middle thereof we cast out our Lead, and had ninety fathome [ 10] deepe, in the next quarter wee cast out our Lead againe, and had an hundred fathome deepe, and we sayled so farre into the Ice, that wee could goe no further: for wee could see no place where it opened, but were forced (with great labour and paine) to lauere out of it againe, the wind blowing West, and we were then vnder 74. degrees and 10. minutes.

The fifteenth, we draue through the middle of the Ice with a calme, and casting out our Lead, had an hundred fathome deepe, at which time the wind being East, wee sayled West. The six∣teenth, we got out of the Ice, and saw a great Beare lying vpon it, that leaped into the water when shee saw vs: Wee made towards her with our ship, which shee perceiuing got vp vpon the Ice againe, wherewith wee shot once at her. Then wee sayled East South-east, and saw no Ice, ghessing that we were not farre from Noua Zembla, because we saw the Beare there vpon [ 20] the Ice, at which time we cast out our Lead, and found an hundred fathome deepe.

The seuenteenth, we tooke the height of the Sunne, and it was eleuated aboue the Horizon 37. degrees and 55. minutes, his declination was 21. degrees and 15. minutes, which taken from the height aforesaid, the height of the Pole was 74. degrees and 40. minutes: and when the Sunne was in the South,* 1.24 we saw the Land of Noua Zembla, which was about Lomsbay: I was the first that espied it. Then we altered our course, and sayled North-east and by North, and hoysed vp all our sayles, except the Fore-sayle and the Lesien. The eighteenth, wee saw the Land againe, being vnder 75. degrees, and sayled North-east and by North, with a North-west wind,* 1.25 and we gate aboue the point of the Admirals Iland, and sayled East North-east, [ 30] with a West Wind, the Land reaching North-east and by North. The nineteenth, wee came to the Crosse Iland,* 1.26 and could get no further, by reason of the Ice, for there the Ice lay still close vpon the Land, at which time the wind was West, and blew right vpon the Land, and it lay vnder 76. degrees and 20. minutes. There stood two Crosses vpon the Land, whereof it had the Name.

The twentieth, we anchored vnder the Iland, for we could get no further for the Ice. There we put out our Boat, and with eight men rowed on Land, and went to one of the Crosses, where we rested vs a while to goe to the next Crosse, but being in the way wee saw two Beares by the other Crosse,* 1.27 at which time we had no weapons at all about vs. The Beares rose vp vpon their hinder feet to see vs (for they smell further then they see) and for that they smelt vs: therefore [ 40] they rose vpright, and came towards vs, wherewith we were not a little abashed, in such sort that we had little lust to laugh, and in all haste went to our Boat againe, still looking behind vs, to see if they followed vs, thinking to get into the Boat, and so put off from the Land: but the Master stayed vs, saying, hee that first beginnes to runne away, I will thrust this Hake-staffe (which he then held in his hand) into his ribs; for it is better for vs (said hee) to stay all toge∣ther, and see if we can make them afraid with whooping and hollowing; and so we went soft∣ly towards the Boat, and got away, glad that we had escaped their clawes, and that we had the leasure to tell our fellowes thereof.

The one and twentieth we tooke the height of the Sunne, and found that it was eleuated a∣boue the Horizon 35. degrees and 15. minutes, his declination was 21. degrees, which being ta∣ken [ 50] from the height aforesaid, there rested 14. degrees, which substracted from 90. degrees, then the height of the Pole was found to be 76. degrees and 15. minutes, then we found the variation of the Compasse to bee 26. degrees.* 1.28 The same day two of our men went againe to the Crosse, and found no Beares to trouble vs, and wee followed them with our Armes, fearing least wee might meet any by chance, and when we came to the second Crosse, we found the foot-steps of two Beares, and saw how long they had followed vs, which was one hundred foot-steps at the least, that way that we had beene the day before. The two and twentieth being Munday, wee set vp another Crosse, and made our Marke thereon: and lay there before the Crosse Iland, till the fourth of August, meane time we washt and whited our Linnen on the shoare.

The thirtieth, the Sunne being North, there came a Beare so neere to our ship, that we might hit her with a stone, and we shot her into the foot with a Piece, wherewith shee ranne halting [ 60] away. The one and thirtieth of Iuly, the Sunne being East North-east, seuen of our men kil∣led a Beare, and slayed her, and cast her bodie into the Sea. The same day at noone (by our Instru∣ment) we found the variation of the Needle of the Compasse to be 17. degrees.

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The first of August we saw a white Beare, but she ran away from vs. The fourth,* 1.29 we got out of the Ice, to the other side of the Iland, and anchored there: where, with great labour and much paine, we fetched a Boat full of stones from the Land. The fifth, wee set sayle againe towards Ice point, with an East Wind, and sayled South South-east, and then North North-east, and saw no Ice by the Land, by the which we lauered. The sixth, we gate about the point of Nas∣saw,* 1.30 and sayled forward East, and East and by South, along by the Land.

The seuenth, we had a West South-west Wind, and sayled along by the Land, South-east, and South-east and by East, and saw but a little Ice, and then past by the Trust-point,* 1.31 which we had much longed for: at Eeuening we had an East Wind, with mistie Weather, so that we were for∣ced to make our ship fast to a piece of Ice, that was at least thirtie sixe fathome deepe vnder the [ 10] water, and more then sixteene fathome aboue the water: which in all was two and fifty fathome thick, for it lay fast vpon ground, the which was thirtie sixe fathome deepe.* 1.32 The eight in the morning we had an East Wind, with mistie Weather.

The ninth, lying still fast to the great piece of Ice, it snowed hard, and it was mistie weather,* 1.33 and when the Sunne was South, we went vpon the Hatches (for we alwayes held watch) where as the Master walked along the ship, he heard a beast snuffe with his nose, and looking ouer-boord, he saw a great Beare hard by the ship, where hee cryed out, a Beare, a Beare;* 1.34 and with that all our men came vp from vnder Hatches, and saw a great Beare hard by our Boat, seeking to get in∣to it, but we giuing a great shout, she was afraid, and swamme away, but presently came backe againe, and went behind a great piece of Ice, whereunto we had made our ship fast, and climbed [ 20] vpon it, and boldly came towards our ship to enter into it: but we had torne our Scute Sayle in the ship, and lay with foure Peeces before at the Boot-sprit, and shot her in the bodie: and with that, shee ranne away; but it snowed so fast that wee could not see whither shee went: but wee ghest that shee lay behind a high Hoouell; whereof there were many vpon the piece of Ice.

The tenth, being Saturday, the Ice began mightily to breake, and then wee first perceiued that the great piece of Ice whereunto we had made our ship fast, lay on the ground; for the rest of the Ice draue along by it, wherewith wee were in great feare that wee should bee compassed about with the Ice, and therefore we vsed all the diligence and meanes that we could to get from thence, for we were in great doubt: and being vnder sayle, wee sayled vpon the Ice, because it was all broken vnder vs, and got to another piece of Ice; whereunto we made our ship fast againe [ 30] with our Sheate Anchor, which we made fast vpon it; and there we lay till Eeuening:* 1.35 and when we had supped, in the first quarter, the said piece of Ice began on a sudden to burst and rend in pieces, so fearefully that it was admirable; for with one great cracke it burst into foure hundred pieces at the least: we lying fast to it, weighed our Cable, and got off from it, vnder the water it was ten fathome deepe, and lay vpon the ground, and two fathome aboue the Water; and it made a fearefull noyse both vnder and aboue the Water when it burst, and spread it selfe abroad on all sides. And being with great feare, gotten from that piece of Ice, wee came to another piece, that was six fathome deepe vnder the Water: to which wee made a Rope fast on both sides. Then wee saw another great piece of Ice, not farre from vs, lying fast in the Sea, that was as sharpe aboue, as it had beene a Tower; whereunto wee rowed: and casting out our Lead, [ 40] we found that it lay twentie fathome deepe, fast on the ground vnder the Water, and twelue fa∣thome aboue the Water.

The eleuenth being Sunday, we rowed to another piece of Ice, and cast out our Lead, and found that it lay eighteene fathome deepe fast to the ground vnder the Water, and ten fathome aboue the water. The twelfth, wee sayled neere vnder the Land, the better to shunne the Ice, for the great flakes that draue in the Sea, were many fathome deepe vnder the Water, and we were better defended from them being at foure and fiue fathome Water, and there ranne a great current of water from the Hill. There we made our ship fast againe to a piece of Ice, and called that point, The small Ice point.

The thirteenth in the morning, there came a Beare from the East point of the Land,* 1.36 close to [ 50] our ship, and one of our men with a Peece shot at her, and brake one of her legs, but she crept vp the Hill with her three feet, and we following her, killed her, and hauing flayed her, brought the skinne aboord the ship. From thence wee set sayle, with a little gale of Winde, and were forced to lauere, but after, that it began to blow more out of the South, and South South-east.

The fifteenth, we came to the Iland of Orange, where we were inclosed with the Ice, hard by a great piece of Ice where we were in great danger to lose our ship,* 1.37 but with great labour and much paine, we got to the Iland, the Wind being South-east, whereby we were constrayned to turne our ship, and while we were busied thereabouts, and made such noyse, a Beare that lay there and slept, awaked, and came towards vs to the ship, so that wee were forced to leaue our [ 60] Worke about turning of the ship, and to defend our selues against the Beare, and shot her into the bodie, wherewith she ranne away to the other side of the Iland, and swamme into the wa∣ter, and got vp vpon a piece of Ice, where she lay still, but we comming after her to the piece of Ice where she lay, when she saw vs, she leapt into the water, and swamme to the Land: but we got betweene her and the Land, and strooke her on the head with a Hatchet, but as often as wee

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strooke at her with the Hatchet, she duckt vnder the water, whereby wee had much to doe be∣fore we could kill her: after she was dead we flayed her on the Land, and tooke the skinne a∣boord with vs, and after that, turned our shippe to a great piece of Ice, and made it fast thereunto.

The sixteenth, ten of our men entring into one Boat, rowed to the firme Land of Noua Zembla, and drew the Boat vp vpon the Ice, which done, we went vp a high Hill, to see the situation of the Land, and found that it reached South-east, and South South-east, and then againe South, which wee disliked, for that it lay so much Southward: but when wee saw open water South-east, and East South-east, we were much comforted againe, thinking that we had wonne our Voy∣age and knew not how we should get soone enough aboord, to certifie William Barents thereof.

The eighteenth, we made preparation to set sayle, but it was all in vaine: for wee had almost [ 10] lost our Sheat Anchor, and two new Ropes, and with much lost labour got to the place againe from whence wee came: for the streame ranne with a mightie current, and the Ice draue very strongly vpon the Cables, along by the ship, so that we were in feare that wee should lose all the Cable that was without the ship, which was two hundred fathome at the least, but God proui∣ded well for vs, so that in the end, we got to the place againe from whence we put out.

The nineteenth it was indifferent good weather, the Wind blowing South-west, the Ice still driuing,* 1.38 and wee set sayle with an indifferent gale of Wind, and past by the point of Desire, whereby we were once againe in good hope, and when we had gotten aboue the point, we sailed South-east into the Sea-ward, foure miles, but then againe wee entred into more Ice, whereby wee were constrayned to turne backe againe, and sayled North-west vntill we came to the Land [ 20] againe, which reacheth from the point of Desire, to the head point, South and by West six miles: from the head point to Flushingers head, it reacheth South-west, which are three miles one from the other: from the Flushingers head, it reacheth into the Sea, East South-east, and from Flushingers head to the point of the Iland, it reacheth South-west, and by South, and South-west three miles: and from the Iland point, to the point of the Ice Hauen, the Land rea∣cheth West South-west foure miles: from the Ice Hauens point to the fal of Water, or the streame Bay, and the low Land, it reacheth West and by South, and East and by North seuen miles: from thence the Land reacheth East and West.

The one and twentieth, we sayled a great way into the Ice Hauen, and that night anchored [ 30] therein: next day the streame going exreame hard Eastward, wee haled out againe from thence, and sayled againe to the Iland point, but for that it was misty Weather, comming to a piece of Ice, wee made the ship fast thereunto, because the Wind beganne to blow hard South-west and South South-west.* 1.39 There we went vp vpon the Ice, and wondred much thereat, it was such manner of Ice: For on the top it was full of Earth, and there wee found aboue fortie Egges, and it was not like other Ice, for it was of a perfect Azure colour like to the Skies, whereby there grew great contention in words amongst our men, some saying that it was Ice, others that it was frozen Land: for it lay vnreasonable high aboue the Water, it was at least eighteene fathom vn∣der the water close to the ground, and ten fathome aboue the water: there wee stayed all that storme, the Wind being South-west and by West. The three and twentieth, wee sayled [ 40] againe from the Ice, South-eastward into the Sea, but entred presently into it againe, and woond about to the Ice Hauen. The next day it blew hard North North-west, and the Ice came mightily driuing in, whereby we were in a manner compassed about therewith, and with∣all the Wind beganne more and more to rise, and the Ice still draue harder and harder, so that the pinne of the Rother, and the Rother were shorne in pieces, and our Boat was shorne in pieces betweene the ship and the Ice,* 1.40 we expecting nothing else, but that the ship also would be prest and crusht in pieces with the Ice.

The fiue and twentieth, the Weather began to be better, and we tooke great paines, and be∣stowed much labour to get the Ice, wherewith we were so inclosed, to goe from vs, but what meanes soeuer we vsed it was all in vaine, but when the Sunne was South-west, the Ice began [ 50] to driue out againe with the streame, and we thought to saile Southward about Noua Zembla, to the Streights of Mergates, seeing we could there find no passage. Wee hauing past Noua Zem∣bla, were of opinion that our labour was all in vaine, and that we could not get through, and so agreed to goe that way home againe; but comming to the Streame Bay, wee were forced to goe backe againe, because of the Ice which lay so fast thereabouts, and the same night also it froze, that wee could hardly get through there, with the little wind that we had, the Wind then be∣ing North.

The six and twentieth, there blew a reasonable gale of Wind, at which time wee determined to sayle backe to the point of Desire, and so home againe, seeing that wee could not get through the Wergats, although we vsed all the meanes and industry wee could to get forward, but when [ 60] we had past by the Ice Hauen,* 1.41 the Ice began to driue with such force, that wee were inclosed round about therewith, and yet we sought all the meanes we could to get out, but it was all in vaine: and at that time we had like to haue lost three men that were vpon the Ice to make way for the ship, if the Ice had held the course it went, but as we draue backe againe, and that the

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Ice also whereon our men stood, in like sort draue, they being nimble, as the ship draue by them, one of them caught hold of the beak head, another vpon the shrouds, and the third vpon the great brase that hung out behind, and so by great aduenture by the hold that they tooke, they got safe into the ship againe, for which they thanked God with all their hearts:* 1.42 for it was much likelier that they should rather haue beene carried away with the Ice, but God, by the nimblenesse of their hands, deliuered them out of that danger which was a pitifull thing to behold, although it fell out for the best, for if they had not beene nimble, they had surely dyed for it. The same day in the euening, wee got to the West-side of the Ice Hauen, where wee were forced in great cold, pouertie, miserie, and griefe, to stay all that Winter, the winde then beeing East [ 10] North-east.

The seuen and twentieth, the Ice draue round about the ship, and yet it was good weather, at which time we went on Land, and being there it began to blow South-east, with a reasona∣ble gale, and then the Ice came with great force before the bough, and draue the ship vp foure foot high before, and behind it seemed as if the keele lay on the ground, so that it seemed that the ship would be ouerthrowne in the place, whereupon they that were in the ship,* 1.43 put out the Boat, therewith to saue their liues, and withall put out a flagge to make a signe to vs, to come aboard: which we perceiuing, and beholding the ship to be lifted vp in that sort, made all the haste we could to get aboord, thinking that the ship was burst in pieces, but comming vnto it, we found it to be in better case then we thought it had beene.

[ 20] The eight and twentieth, we got some of the Ice from it, and the ship beganne to sit vpright againe, but before it was fully vpright, as William Barents and the other Pilot went forward to the bough to see how the ship lay, and how much it was risen; and while they were busie vpon their knees and elbowes to measure how much it was, the ship burst out of the Ice with such a noise, and so great a cracke, that they thought verily that they were all cast away,* 1.44 knowing not how to saue themselues.

The nine and twentieth, the ship lying vpright againe, wee vsed all the meanes wee could, with Iron hookes and other instruments, to breake the flakes of Ice that lay one heaped vpon the other, but all in vaine; so that we determined to commit our selues to the mercy of God, and to attend aide from him, for that the Ice draue not away in any such sort that it could helpe [ 30] vs. The thirtieth, the Ice began to driue together one vpon the other with greater force then before, and bare against the ship with a boystrous South-west winde, and a great snow, so that all the whole ship was borne vp and enclosed, whereby all that was both about it and in it, be∣gan to cracke, so that it seemed to burst in an hundred pieces, which was most fearefull both to see and heare, and made all the haire of our heads to rise vpright with feare: and after that, the ship (by the Ice on both sides that ioyned and got vnder the same) was driuen so vpright, in such sort, as if it had beene lifted vp with a Wrench or Vice.

The one and thirtieth of August, by force of the Ice, the ship was driuen vp foure or fiue foot high at the beake head, and the hinder part thereof lay in a clift of Ice, whereby wee thought that the Rother would bee freed from the force of the flakes of Ice, but notwithstanding,* 1.45 it [ 40] brake in pieces staffe and all: and if that the hinder part of the ship had beene in the Ice that draue, as well as the fore part was, then all the ship would haue beene driuen wholly vpon the Ice, or possibly haue runne on ground, and for that cause wee were in great feare, and set our Scutes and our Boat out vpon the Ice, if need were, to saue our selues, but within foure houres after, the Ice draue away of it selfe, wherewith wee were exceeding glad, as if wee had saued our liues, for that the ship was then on flote againe, and vpon that we made a new Rother and a Staffe, and hung the Rother out vpon the hookes, that if we chanced to bee borne vpon the Ice againe, as we had beene, it might so be freed from it.

The first of September being Sunday, while we were at prayer,* 1.46 the Ice began to gather toge∣ther againe, so that the ship was lifted vp two foot at the least, but the Ice brake not. The same [ 50] euening the Ice continued in that sort still driuing and gathering together, so that we made pre∣paration to draw our Scute and the Boat ouer the Ice vpon the Land, the wind then blowing South-east. The second, it snowed hard with a North-east wind, and the ship began to rise vp higher vpon the Ice, at which time the Ice burst and crackt with great force, so that wee were of opinion to carrie our Scute on Land in that foule weather, with thirteene barrels of Bread, and two hogsheads of Wine, to sustaine our selues if need were.

The third, it blew hard but snowed not so much, the wind being North North-east, at which time we began to be loose from the Ice, whereunto wee lay fast, so that the Scheck broke from the Steuen, but the plankes wherewith the ship was lined, held the Scheck fast, and made it hang on, but the Boutloofe and a new Cable (if we had falled vpon the Ice) brake by forcible [ 60] pressing of the Ice, but held fast againe in the Ice, and yet the ship was staunch; which was wonder, in regard that the Ice draue so hard, and in great heapes, as big as the Salt-hils that are in Spaine, and within a Harquebusse shot of the ship, betweene the which wee lay in great feare and anguish.

The fourth, the weather began to cleare vp, and we saw the Sunne, but it was very cold, the

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wind being North-east we being forced to lie still. The fift▪ it was faire Sun-shine weather, and very calme, and at euening when we had supped, the Ice compassed about vs againe, and wee were hard enclosed therewith, the ship beginning to lie vpon the one side, and leaked sore, but by Gods grace it became staunch againe, wherewith we were wholly in feare to lose the ship, it was in so great danger: at which time wee tooke counsell together, and carried our old socke Sayle, with Powder, Lead, Peeces, Muskets, and other furniture on Land, to make a Tent a∣bout our Scute that we had drawne vpon the Land, and at that time we carried some Bread, and Wine on Land also, with some Timber, therewith to mend our Boat, that it might serue vs in time of need.

The sixt, it was indifferent faire Sea-weather, and Sun-shine, the wind being West, whereby we were somewhat comforted, hoping that the Ice would driue away, and that wee might get [ 10] from thence againe. The seuenth, it was indifferent weather againe, but we perceiued no ope∣ning of the water, but to the contrary, it lay hard enclosed with Ice, and no water at all about the ship, no not so much as a bucket full. The same day, fiue of our men went on Land, but two of them came backe againe, the other three went forward about two miles into the Land, and there found a Riuer of sweet water,* 1.47 where also they found great store of Wood that had beene driuen thither, and there they found the footsteps of Harts and Hinds, as they thought, for they were clouen footed, some greater footed then others, which made them iudge them to be so.

The eight, it blew hard East North-east, which was a right contrary wind to doe vs any good, touching the carrying away of the Ice, so that we were still faster in the Ice, which put vs in no small discomfort. The ninth, it blew North-east, with a little snow, whereby our ship [ 20] was wholly enclosed with Ice, for the wind draue the Ice hard against it, so that we lay three or foure foot deepe in the Ice, and our Sheck in the after Steuen, brake in pieces, and the ship began to be somewhat loose before, but yet it was not much hurt. In the night time, two Beares came close to our ship side, but we sounded our Trumpet, and shot at them, but hit them not, because it was darke, and they ranne away. The tenth, the weather was somewhat better, because the wind blew not so hard, and yet all one wind.

The eleuenth, it was calme weather, and eight of vs went on Land, euery man armed, to see if that were true as our other three companions had said, that there lay Wood about the Riuer, for that seeing we had so long woond and turned about, sometime in the Ice, and then againe got out,* 1.48 and thereby were compelled to alter our course, and at last saw that we could not get out of [ 30] the Ice, but rather became faster, and could not loose our ship, as at other times we had done, as also that it began to be Winter, we tooke counsell together what we were best to doe, according to the time,* 1.49 that we might winter there, and attend such aduenture as God would send vs: and after we had debated vpon the matter (to keepe and defend our selues both from the cold, and wilde beasts) we determined to build a house vpon the Land, to keepe vs therein as well as wee could, and so to commit our selues vnto the tuition of God, and to that end we went further in∣to the Land, to find out the conuenientest place in our opinions, to raise our house vpon, and yet we had not much stuffe to make it withall, in regard that there grew no trees, nor any other thing in that Countrey conuenient to build it withall: but wee leauing no occasion vnsought, as our men went abroad to view the Countrey,* 1.50 and to see what good fortune might happen vn∣to [ 40] vs, at last we found an vnexpected comfort in our need, which was, that we found certaine trees roots and all, (as our three companions had said before) which had beene driuen vpon the shoare, either from Tartaria, Muscouia, or else where; for there was none growing vpon that Land, wherewith (as if God had purposely sent them vnto vs) we were much comforted, being in good hope that God would shew vs some further fauour; for that Wood serued vs not onely to build out house, but also to burne, and serue vs all the Winter long, otherwise without all doubt, we had died there miserably with extreme cold.

The twelfth, it was calme weather, and then our men went vnto the other side of the Land, to see if they could find any Wood neerer vnto vs, but there was none. The thirteenth, it was calme but very misty weather, so that we could doe nothing, because it was dangerous for vs to [ 50] goe into the Land, in regard that we could not see the wilde Beares, and yet they could smell vs, for they smell better then they see. The fourteenth, it was cleare Sun-shine weather, but very cold, and then we went into the Land, and layed the Wood in heapes one vpon the other, that it might not bee couered ouer with the Snow, and from thence meant to carrie it to the place where we intended to build our house.

* 1.51The fifteenth in the morning, as one of our men held watch, we saw three Beares, whereof the one lay still behind a piece of Ice, the other two came close to the ship; which wee percei∣uing, made our Peeces ready to shoot at them, at which time there stood a Tub full of Beefe vp∣on the Ice, which lay in the water to be seasoned, for that close by the ship there was no water: one of the Beares went vnto it, and put in his head to take out a piece of the Beefe, but she fa∣red [ 60] therewith as the Dog did with the Pudding, for as she was snatching at the Beefe, shee was shot into the head, wherewith she fell downe dead, and neuer stirred: the other Beare stood still, and looked vpon her fellow, and when shee had stood a good while, shee smelt her fellow,

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and perceiuing that she was dead, shee ran away, but wee tooke Halbers and other Armes with vs, and followed her, and at last she came againe towards vs, and we prepared our selues to with∣stand her, wherewith she rose vp vpon her hinder feet, thinking to rampe at vs, but while shee reared her selfe vp, one of our men shot her into the bellie, and with that she fell vpon her fore∣feet againe, and roaring as loud as she could, ran away. Then we tooke the dead Beare, and ript her bellie open; and taking out her guts, we set her vpon her fore-feet, that so she might freeze as shee stood, intending to carrie her with vs into Holland, if wee might get our ship loose, and when we had set the Beare vpon her foure feet, we began to make a Sled, thereon to draw the Wood to the place where we went to build our house,* 1.52 at that time it froze two fingers thicke in the salt water, and it was exceeding cold, the wind blowing North-east.

[ 10] The sixteenth, the Sunne shone, but towards the euening it was misty, the wind being Easter∣ly, at which time we went to fetch Wood with our Sleds, and then wee drew foure beames aboue a mile vpon the Ice and the Snow, that night againe it froze aboue two fingers thicke. The seuenteenth, thirteene of vs went where the Wood lay with our Sleds, and so drew fiue and fiue in a Sled, and the other three helped to lift the Wood behind, to make vs draw the better, and with more ease, and in that manner we drew Wood twice a day, and laid it on a heape by the place where we meant to build our house.

The three and twentieth, wee fetcht more Wood to build our house, which wee did twice a day, but it grew to be misty and still weather againe, the wind blowing East, and East North-east, that day our Carpenter being of Pureaet died, as wee came aboord about euening. The [ 20] foure and twentieth, we buried him vnder the sedges, in the clift of a hill, hard by the water, for we could not dig vp the earth, by reason of the great frost and cold, and that day wee went twice with our Sleds to fetch Wood.

The fiue and twentieth, it was darke wether, the wind blowing West, & West South-west,* 1.53 and South-west, and the Ice began somwhat to open, and driue away; but it continued not long, for that hauing driuen about the length of the shot of a great Peece, it lay three fathoms deepe vpon the ground: and where we lay the Ice draue not, for we lay in the middle of the Ice; but if we had layne in the mayne Sea, we would haue hoysed sayle, although it was then late in the yeere. The same day we raysed vp the principles of our house, and began to worke hard thereon, but [ 30] if the ship had beene loose, we would haue left our building, and haue made our after Steuen of our ship, that we might haue beene ready to sayle away if it had beene possible.

The sixe and twentieth, wee had a West wind and an open Sea, but our ship lay fast, where∣with we were not a little grieued, but it was Gods will, which we most patiently bare, and wee began to make vp our house, part of our men fetched Wood to burne, the rest played the Car∣penters: and were busie about the house, as then we were sixteene men in all, for our Carpenter was dead, and of our sixteene men there was still one or other sicke. The seuen and twentieth, it blew hard North-east, and it froze so hard, that as we put a nayle into our mouthes (as when men worke Carpenters worke they vse to doe) there would Ice hang thereon when we tooke it out againe, and make the bloud follow:* 1.54 the same day there came an old Beare and a young one [ 40] towards vs, as we were going to our house, being all together (for we durst not goe alone) which we thought to shoot at, but she ran away, at which time the Ice came forcibly driuing in, and it was faire Sun-shine weather, but so extreme cold, that we could hardly worke, but extremity forced vs thereunto.

The eight and twentieth, it was faire weather, and the Sunne shone, the Wind being West and very calme, the Sea as then being open, but our ship lay fast in the Ice and stirred not; the same day there came a Beare to the ship, but when she espyed vs, she ranne away, and we made as much haste as wee could to build our House. The nine and twentieth in the morning, the Wind was West, and after-noone it blew Northerly, and then wee saw three Beares betweene vs and the House, an old one and two young; but we notwithstanding drew our goods from the [ 50] ship to the House, and so got before the Beares, and yet they followed vs: neuerthelesse, we would not shun the way for them, but hollowed out as loud as we could, thinking that they wold haue gone away, but they would not once goe out of their foot-path, but got before vs, where∣with we and they that were at the house, made a great noyse, which made the Beares run away, and we were not a little glad thereof. The thirtieth the Wind was East, and East South-east, and all that night and the next day it snowed so fast, that our men could fetch no Wood, it lay so close and high one vpon the other: then wee made a great fire without the House, therewith to thaw the ground, that so we might lay it about the House, that it might bee the closer;* 1.55 but it was all lost labour, for the Earth was so hard, and frozen so deepe into the ground, that wee could not thaw it, and it would haue cost vs too much Wood, and therefore wee were forced to [ 60] leaue off that labour.

Notes

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