Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. II. [ 10] A briefe Discouerie of the Northerne Discoueries of Seas, Coasts, and Coun∣tries, deliuered in order as they were hopefully begunne, and haue euer since happily beene continued by the singular industrie and charge of the Wor∣shipfull Society of Muscouia Merchants of London, with the ten seuerall Voyages of Captaine THOMAS EDGE the Authour.

[ 20]

§. I. Greenland first discouered by Sir HVOH WILLOVGHEIE: the Voyages of FROBISHER, PET and IACKMAN, DAVIS, the Dutch; First Morse and Whale-killing, with further Discoueries.

THe Northerne parts of the World haue euer beene held to be Officina Gentium & velut Vagina Nationum,* 1.1 Natures Shop and Store-house of Men, better furni∣shed [ 30] then any other part of the Earth, and from whence those notable Inunda∣tions came first of the Cymbrians and Teutons, in the time of the antient Romans; and secondly of the Gothes and Vandals vnder Attila, to the confusion of things both Diuine and Humane in all the Southerne parts of Europe, as farre as Barba∣risme could preuaile against Ciuilitie and Religion. For remedie whereof the Townes alongst the Baltick Sea entred into a confederacy vnder the names of the Hans Townes,* 1.2 and vndertooke the keeping of those Northerne people, and the securing of these Southerne Kingdomes from any the like ouerflowings, vpon such Priuiledges and Immunities as were granted and agreed vnto them by all the Southerne Princes, and according to such Lawes as were made and proui∣ded for the maintenance and strength of the said Hans Townes, amongst which the supreme [ 40] and fundamentall Lawe was that none of these Nations so secured should haue trade or com∣merce in any parts beyond the Baltike Seas, to the end the barbarous people might not bee ena∣bled thereby to practise or moue against the Hans Townes: which was the cause together also with the extremitie of cold, that those Northerne Seas were neuer looked vnto vntill the yeere 1553. At which time the trade of this Kingdome waxing cold and in decay, and the Mer∣chants incited with the fame of the great masse of riches which the Portugals and Spaniards brought home yeerely from both the Indies, entred into a resolution, notwithstanding the pro∣hibition of the Hans Law to discouer the Northerne Seas, which so long had beene frozen and shut vp;* 1.3 and to see whether they could not affoord a passage to Cathay and the East Indies, and accordingly prouided three ships, and sent them forth vnder the command of Sir Hugh Willough∣bie, [ 50] Knight, who embarqued himselfe in a ship called, the Bona Esperança, Admirall of that Voy∣age, with Richard Chancellor Captaine of the Edward Bonauenture, together with a third ship, called the Bona Confidentia. These three ships falling downe from Ratcliffe, the tenth of May in the foresaid yeere went on their Voyage, and proceeding as farre as the Cape of Norway, they were seuered by a tempest. Chancellor after he had stayed at Ward-house seuen dayes, expe∣cting the Admirall and the other ships, according to a former appointment vpon any such ca∣sualtie, and hearing nothing of them, went on, and discouered the Bay of Saint Nicolas, and setled a trade there, which hath continued to these times.

Sir Hugh Willoughbie was driuen to the height of 72. * 1.4 where hee fell vpon an Iland, now knowne by the name of Willoughbie Land, and lieth from Sinam (vpon the Continent of Nor∣way [ 60] East and by North an hundred and sixtie leagues or thereabouts, from thence he went North and North-west, and within eight dayes after he fell vpon a Land which lay West South-west, and East North-east, betweene 74. and 75. degrees of latitude, and plying Westward along by

the Land, he was driuen by the wind to put to Sea againe, vntill the wind came about. Then they made towards the Land againe, and bare with it, but finding that place vnfit for landing, they haled out againe, running along the Land sixteene leagues North-west, where they found a faire Bay, went on Land and found the place inhabited. From thence they put to Sea againe, runne alongst the coast for fortie leagues together, till at length they came to an anchor within two leagues of the shoare, where they landed, and found two or three good Harbours.

Afterwards they entred into the Hauen which ranne vp into the Maine a∣bout two leagues,* 1.5 where they remained for the space of a weeke vpon the maine Land. They found Beares, great Deere, Foxes, and other beasts. They [ 10] sent out three men three dayes iourney to the South-West, and three others also full West, all which returned after diuers dayes trauelling, and found no people nor any likelihood of habitation. And this is that Land which now is called Greenland, or King Iames his New-land, and is knowne to the Hollanders by the name of Spitsbergen. Sir Hugh Willoughbie returned into Lapland, where he and his companie were frozen to death, in the Hauen called Arzina, neere Kegor.

The Muscouia Merchants hauing thus setled a trade in Russia, and being incorporated by the name of, The Merchants of England, for the discouerie of new trades, pursued their first reso∣lutions for finding a way to Cathay by the North-east, and in the yeere 1556. sent out Stephen Burrough, for discouerie of the Riuer Obb, who proceeding forwards in that Voyage discouered [ 20] the Riuer Pechora, the Streights of Vaigats and Nouazembla * 1.6; went on shoare vpon the Iland of Vaigats, and vpon the North Continent of Russia; met with the Samoeds, obserued their manner of life, their Religion, their Sacrifices to their rude and ill shaped Idols; and the yeere being spent, returned into Russia.

The Companie hauing sought for the North-east passage, and finding such difficulties as are mentioned in their particular Iournals, resolued to make triall, if the North-west part could not affoord a passage to the Indies, which was the first and maine scope of their Northerne Discoue∣ries. And in the yeere 1576. they sent forth Sir Martin Frobisher with two Barkes,* 1.7 who com∣ming into the heights of 62. or thereabouts, found a great Inlet,* 1.8 now knowne by the name of Frobishers Streights, into which he put himselfe, and sayled sixtie leagues with a mayne Land on [ 30] each side, and so for that yeere returned.

The next yeere following he made a second Voyage to that place, purposely to lade himselfe with a kind of Oare, which the yeere before he had found there, and gaue hope by the colour to yeeld Gold, and being laden with some quantitie, returned.

The yeere following, being 1578. hauing made tryall here of that Oare, and finding it not to fall out according to his expectation,* 1.9 hee was furnished out to proceed in the further disco∣uerie of those Streights, and entring into the same, made way so farre as hee thought fit, and then returned backe, hauing first taken possession thereof in the name of Queene Elizabeth of famous memorie, who called the place Meta incognita: he brought home some of the Natiues, and left some of his men there.

[ 40] In the yeere 1580.* 1.10 the Companie sent out a second Voyage for the discouerie of the Riuer Obb, and thence to goe on to Cathay;* 1.11 furnishing forth two ships vnder the command of Arthur Pet, and Charles Iackman, who following their instructions, arriued at Vaigats, passed those Streights with a particular obseruation of those Ilands and places therein, plyed along the East part of Nouazembla, and the North of Russia, and the Samoeds Countrey, so farre as the Ice would giue them leaue, and finding no possibilitie of passage by reason of the Ice, returned backe in the latter end of the yeere. By this time the Voyage of Saint Nicolas was knowne, and be∣come a beaten trade. And the Companie sent out yeerely thither ten or twelue ships, which returned fraighted with the commodities of that Countrey.

In the yeere 1583. by the leaue and admittance of the Moscouia Companie,* 1.12 Sir Humfrey Gilbert went out for the discouerie of the North part of Terra Florida,* 1.13 came into the great Ri∣uer [ 50] called, Saint Laurence in Canada, tooke possession of the Countrey, setled the gouernment of the fishing there which is so well knowne in these times.

In the yeere 1585. Master Iohn Dauis was furnished out at Dartmouth with two Barkes,* 1.14 for the discouerie of the North-west, came into the height of 66. plyed along the coast,* 1.15 obserued the probabilitie of a passage, and in the end of the yeere returned.

In the yeere following, being 1586. hee went on againe in the further discouerie thereof, found a great Inlet betweene 55. and 56. of latitude, which gaue him great hope of a passage,* 1.16 traded with the people there, and so returned.

In the yeere 1587. hee made a third Voyage to those places,* 1.17 followed his course to the North and North-west, to the Latitude of 67. degrees, hauing the Continent (which hee called Ame∣rica) [ 60] on the West side and Groineland, which hee named Desolation on the East, and going on the height of 86. degrees, the passage enlarged so that hee could not see the Westerne shoare. Thus he continued in the Latitude of 73. degrees in a great Sea free from Ice, of an vnmeasurable depth, but by the occasion of the departure of two Ships which were in company with him,

which hee left Fishing at a place, he returned home. This passage continueth the Name and me∣morie of the first Discouerer,* 1.18 and is called Fretum Dauis. And thus the Discouerie of the Nor∣thern Seas proceeded on from time to time, by the endeauour and charge of the Muscouia Com∣panie, vntill they had particularly discouered the Lands, Coasts, Ilands, Straights, Hauens, Bayes, Riuers and other places therein, and measured euery part thereof, by their often tracing to and fro: Together also with the obseruation of the Commodities and Aduantages, arising from euery part of the same, continuing euen vnto these times to haunt and frequent the parts which they had formerly found out; As by their yeerely Reportaries and Iournals may appeare, and that ei∣ther without emulation or competition of any other Nation, that euer came into those parts or enterprised any Discouerie there vntill of late yeeres, as appeares by this that followeth.

When Richard Chancelor had setled a trade with Iohn Vasilowich then Emperour of Russia, and [ 10] his Ambassadours had beene heere in England, to accomplish matters requisite for maintenance of the Amitie and Entercourse made and agreed vpon betweene these two Crownes; King Phi∣lip,* 1.19 Queene Marie, Dukes also at that time of Burgundie, and Soueraignes of all the Netherlands, made a grant of Priuiledge vnto the Muscouia Merchants for the sole Trade of those Seas, pro∣hibiting all others to haunt and frequent the same, without speciall Licence and consent of the sayd Companie: which grant of Priuiledge was accordingly enioyed without disturbance or in∣terloping of the Hollanders, who out of obedience either to the Prohibition made by their Soue∣raigne, or for that they durst not aduenture into these Seas, did not any way attempt to bee seene or appeare there, either for Discouerie or trade of Merchandize, for the space of fiue and [ 20] twentie yeeres,* 1.20 after the Port of Saint Nicholas was first Discouered and found out by the En∣glish. For the Company hauing as is aboue mentioned, made their first Discouerie in the yeere 1553. there was neuer heard of any Netherlander that frequented those Seas, vntill the yeere 1578.* 1.21 * 1.22 At which time they first began to come to Cola, and within a yeere or two after, one Iohn de Whale a Netherlander, came to the Bay of Saint Nichola••, being drawne thither by the perswasion of some English for their better meane of Interloping, which was the first man of that Nation that euer was seene there. And this as is formerly noted was fiue and twentie yeeres af∣ter it was Discouered by the Muscouia Merchants.* 1.23

Afterwards the Hollanders crept in more and more, and in the yeere 1594. they made out foure Ships for Discouerie of the North-east passage to China,* 1.24 the Master Pylot whereof was [ 30] William Barrents,* 1.25 these came vpon the Coast of Nouazembla to the Latitude of 77. degrees, drew backe againe towards the Straights of Vaigats, and then returned giuing Names vnto some places and Promontories vpon that Land.

In the yeere 1595. They sent out a second Voyage, tracing the way through the Straights of Vaigats in the same steps,* 1.26 as Pet and Iackman had formerly passed, and so returned.

In the yeere 1596. They set out a third Voyage with two Ships, the one of which shaped her course from the Cape of Norway,* 1.27 to an Iland in the Latitude of 74. degrees, which wee call Che∣rie Iland,* 1.28 and they call Beare Iland, and from thence to Greenland, where Sir Hugh Willoughbie had beene two and fortie yeeres before, for so long time there is betweene the first Discouerie thereof and the yeere 1596. And from thence to the North-east part of Nouazembla, in the [ 40] Latitude of 76. degrees, where they Wintred and lost their Ship, and came home with much difficultie.

In the yeere 1603. Stephen Bennet was imployed by the Companie, in a Ship called the Grace, to those parts Northwards of the Cape, and was at Cherie Iland and killed some Sea-horses, and brought home Lead Oare from thence.

In the yeere 1608. the said fellowship set foorth a Ship called the Hope-well, whereof William Hudson was Master, to discouer to the Pole, where it appeareth by his Iournall, that hee came to the height of 81. degrees, where he gaue Names to certayne places, vpon the Continent of Green∣land formerly discouered, which continue to this day, namely, Whale Bay, and Hackluit Head∣land, and being hindred with Ice, returned home without any further vse made of the Coun∣trey, [ 50] and in ranging homewards, hee discouered an Iland lying in 71. degrees, which hee named Hudsons Tutches.

Heere it is to bee vnderstood, that the Companie hauing by often resort and imployment to those parts, obserued the great number of Sea-horses at Cherie Iland, and likewise the multi∣tude of Whales, that shewed themselues vpon the coast of Greenland; They first applyed them∣selues to the killing of the Morces, which they continued from yeere to yeere with a Ship or two yeerely;* 1.29 in which Ships the Companie appointed Thomas Welden Commander, and in the yeere 1609. the Companie imployed one Thomas Edge their Apprentice,* 1.30 for their Northeren Voyage,* 1.31 and joyned him in Commission with the foresayd Welden. Now the often vsing of Che∣rie Iland, did make the Sea-horse grow scarse and decay, which made the Companie looke out [ 60] for further Discoueries.

* 1.32In the yeere 1610. the Companie set out two Ships, viz. the Lionesse for Cherie Iland, Tho∣mas Edge Commander;* 1.33 and the Amitie, for a Northerne Discouerie, the Master of which Ship was Ionas Poole: who in the moneth of May fell with a Land, and called it Greenland, this is the

Land that was discouered by Sir Hugh Willoughby long before, which Ship Amitie continued vp∣on the coast of Greenland, discouering the Harbours and killing of Morces, vntill the moneth of August, and so returned for England, hauing gotten about some twelue Tunnes of goods, and an Vnicornes * 1.34 horne.

In the yeere 1611. the Companie set foorth two Ships for Greenland, the Marie Margaret Admirall, burthen one hundred and sixtie tunnes, Thomas Edge Commander; and the Elizabeth,* 1.35 burthen sixtie tunnes, Ionas Poole Master, well manned and furnished with all necessarie Prouisi∣ons, they departed from Blackwall the twentieth of Aprill, and arriued at the Foreland in Green∣land in the Latitude of 79. degrees, the twentieth of May following, the Admirall had in her [ 10] six Biskayners expert men for the killing of the Whale:this was the first yeere the Companie set out for the killing of Whales in Greenland,* 1.36 and about the twelfth of Iune the Biskayners killed a small Whale, which yeelded twelue Tunnes of Oyle, being the first Oyle that euer was made in Greenland. The Companies two Shalops looking about the Harbour for Whales, about the fiue and twentieth of Iune rowing into Sir Thomas Smith his Bay, on the East side of the Sound saw on the shoare great store of Sea-horses: after they had found the Morses they presently rowed vnto the Ship, being in crosse Road seuen leagues off, and acquainted the Captayne what they had found. The Captayne vnderstanding of it, gaue order to the Master, Stephen Bennet, that he should take into his Ship fiftie tunnes of emptie Caske, and set sayle with the Ship to goe into Foule Sound. The Captayne went presently away in one Shallop with sixe men vnto the Sea-morse, [ 20] and tooke with him Lances,* 1.37 and comming to them they set on them and killed fiue hun∣dred Morses, and kept one thousand Morses liuing on shoare, because it is not profitable to kill them all at one time. The next day the Ship being gone vnto the place & well mored where the Morse were killed, all the men belonging to the Ship went on shoare, to worke and make Oyle of the Morses; and when they had wrought two or three dayes, it fortuned that a small quan∣titie of Ice came out of Foule Sound, and put the Ship from her Moring. The Master and ten men being a board of the Ship, let fall their Sheat anchor which brought the Ship vp to ride;* 1.38 the Ice comming vpon her againe, brought her Anchor home and ranne the Ship ashoare, where shee by the Masters weake Iudgement was cast away, and all their Bread spoyled not fit to eate. The Ship being cast away without hope of recouerie, the Commander Thomas Edge gaue order, that [ 30] all the Morse liuing on shoare should be let goe into the Sea, and so gaue ouer making of Oyle, and presently haled vp ashoare all his Shallops and Boates, being fiue, setting the Carpenter to trim them, the Saylers to make Sayles and Wastcloathes for the Boates, fit to serue them at Sea. Ha∣uing fitted their Boates as well as they could with the small prouision they had, being in num∣ber foure small Shallops and the ships Boate, they diuided their men into them equally with what prouisions of victuals they could well carrie, and after they had sayd Prayers all together on Land; being fiftie men they departed from the place where they lost their Ship, on the fif∣teenth of Iuly with the winde Southerly, and rowed thirtie or fortie leagues to the Southward, and then they lost companie of one Shallop and their ships Boate of Horne Sound, which two Boates met with a Hull Ship, and acquainted him with the losse of the London Ship, and that shee [ 40] had left on land goods woorth fifteene hundred pounds:* 1.39 So our men carryed the Hull Ship into Foule Sound, to take in the Companies goods and to kill some Sea-horses for her selfe at that place. The Captayne and two other Shallops put from the Coast of Greenland in the height of 77.1/••. Degrees, and set their course for Cherie Iland, which lyeth in 74. Degrees (—) sometimes Sayling and sometimes Rowing, and made Cherie Iland the nine and twentieth of Iuly,* 1.40 hauing beene in their Shallops at Sea fourteene dayes, and comming into the Iland with a great storme at North-west, with much difficultie they landed on the South side of the Iland.

Being on shoare, the Captayne sent three of his Saylers ouer land vnto the North roade, be∣ing three miles distant from that place, to see if the Elizabeth was there, and they saw a Ship ri∣ding in the North roade, and being ouer-joyed they returned backe vnto the Captayne to ac∣quaint [ 50] him, without staying to speake with any of the Ships companie, and by good hap the Master of the Elizabeth espyed men on the Shoare, being at that time weighing Anchor to set sayle for England, vpon which hee stayed and sent the Boate ashoare to see what men they were, and when the men of the Elizabeth came ashoare, they found them to bee men of the Mary Margaret, and so went aboard vnto the Master to acquaint him; whereupon the Master caused Anchor to bee weighed and went to the South side of the Iland, and there tooke in the Cap∣tayne, and hee being aboard vnderstanding what a poore Voyage the Elizabeth had made, gaue order to the Master to goe for Greenland, there to take in such Goods as the sayd Edge had left in Foule Sound. They departed from Cherie Iland the first of August, and arriued at Foule Sound the Fourteenth Dicto: where they found two Boates which they had lost companie of before, and [ 60] all their men being come thither with a Hull Ship which they met with, and brought to that place; which Ship had spent all the yeere in Horne Sound, and got little goods. The Elizabeth being mored, the Captayne gaue order vnto the Master to deliuer out of his Ship, all the goods hee had got at Cherie Iland, which was Sea-horse hydes and Blubber, being of little woorth▪ And to take in the Oyle and Whale-finnes, which were gotten by the Marie Margarets com∣panie,

the Master in vnlading of his Ship brought her so light, that vnfortunatly hee ouer-set her, hauing goods in her worth seuen hundred pounds.* 1.41 This ill chance happening vnto the two Lon∣don Ships, the Captayne of them agreed with Thomas Marmaduke Master of the Hull Ship, to take in the goods which was saued, at the rate of fiue pounds the Tun••e, which was a great rate (notwithstanding they had beene a meanes to get him goods worth fiue hundred pounds for the Hull Ship) and vpon the one and twentieth of August, 1611. they departed from Greenland in the Hope-well, being ninetie nine men in all, and arriued at Hull the sixth of September, where the sayd Edge tooke out the Companies goods, and Shipped them for London by order from the Companie. This yeere, Edge in coasting in the Shallops, discouered all the Harbours on the West side of Greenland.

[ 10]

§. II. Dutch, Spanish, Danish disturbance; also by Hull men, and by a new Patent, with the succeeding Successe and further Discoueries till this present.

* 1.42IN the yeere 1612. the Companie set forth two Ships, viz. The Whale, burthen one hundred and sixtie Tunnes, and the Sea-horse, burthen one hundred and eightie tunnes, [ 20] vnder the Command of Iohn Russell, and Thomas Edge, for discouering and killing of the Whale. They discouered that yeere nothing worth writing of, by reason of some fal∣ling out betwixt Russell and Edge; yet they killed that yeere seuenteene Whales, and some Sea-horses, of which they made one hundred and eightie Tunnes of Oyle with much difficultie; as not being experimented in the businesse.* 1.43 This yeere the Hollanders (to keepe their wont in fol∣lowing of the English steps) came to Greenland with one Ship, being brought thither by an Eng∣lish man, and not out of any knowledge of their owne Discoueries, but by the direction of one Allen Sallowes,* 1.44 a man imployed by the Muscouia Companie in the Northerne Seas for the space of twentie yeeres before; who leauing his Countrey for Debt, was entertayned by the Hollanders, and imployed by them to bring them to Greenland for their Pylot. At which time [ 30] being met withall by the Companies Ships, they were commanded to depart, and forbidden to haunt or frequent those parts any more by mee Thomas Edge.* 1.45 There was also a Spanish Ship brought thither, by one Nicholas Woodcocke this yeere, a man formerly imployed by the sayd Companie;* 1.46 which Spanish Ship made a full Voyage in Green-harbour. But Woodcocke at his re∣turne into England, being complained of by the Companie, was Imprisoned in the Gatehouse and Tower, sixteene Moneths, for carrying the Spanish Ship thither.

* 1.47In the yeere 1613. the Companie set out for Greenland seuen sayle of Ships, vnder the Com∣mand of Beniamin Ioseph,* 1.48 and Thomas Edge, the Ships departed from Graues••nd the s••x and twen∣tieth of Aprill, and arriued in Greenland the fourteenth of May. This yeere the English had the Kings Patent vnder the broad Seale of England, to forbid all Strangers and others, but the Musco∣uia [ 40] Companie to vse the Coast of Greenland. The English met with fifteene sayle of great Ships, two of them were Dutch Ships,* 1.49 the rest were French, Spanish, and of the Archdukes, besides foure English Interlop••rs. The Companies Ships forced them all from the Coast of Greenland, not suf∣fering any of them to make a Voyage; they tooke from the two Dutch Ships certayne goods, bu•• in g••ing to take it, they neglected their owne voyage, which was damnified thereby to the value of three or foure thousand pounds. For their Ships came home dead Fraight two or three hundred Tunnes by that meanes.* 1.50 This yeere was Hope Iland and other Ilands discouered, to the Eastward by the Companie.

* 1.51In the yeere following, which was 1614. the Companie set out for Greenland, thirteene great Ships and two Pinnasses,* 1.52 vnder the Command of Beniamin Ioseph, and Thomas Edge, all which [ 50] Ships were well appointed with all manner of Artillerie for defence, and other necessaries for the making of their Voyage and for Discouerie. This yeere the Hollanders set out for Greenland eighteene great Ships, whereof foure of them were of the States men of Warre, Ships with thir∣tie pieces of Ordnance a piece. This yeere the Dutch stayed and fished for the Whale perforce, they were farre stronger then the English, which was a cause that the English Ships came home halfe laden, and the Dutch with a poore Voyage. This yeere the Companie Discouered vnto the Northwards of Greenland,* 1.53 as farre as 80. Degrees odde Minuts, in the Ship Thomazen, as by her daily Iournall doth appeare at large; in which Ship was imployed Thomas Sherwin, and Wil∣liam Baffin, being the second Voyage they were imployed into those parts. And some Ilands to the Eastwards of Greenland, were Discouered by foure Ships imployed in that seruice, as by their [ 60] Iournall more at large appeareth.

* 1.54In the yeere 1615. the Companie set out for Greenland, two sayle of great Ships and two Pinnasses, vnder the Command of Beniamin Ioseph, and Thomas Edge, who following their In∣structions, arriued vpon the Coast of Greenland the sixth of Iune, which they found to bee much

pestered with Ice, and being foggie weather, they runne into the Ice, so farre, that they were fast in it fourteene dayes before they could cleare themselues of it.* 1.55 This yeere also the Hollan∣ders set out fourteene sayle of ships, whereof three of them were States Men of warre of great force; they killed Whales in Horn-sound, Bel-sound, and Faire-hauen, and stayed vpon the coast of Greenland perforce, as they did the former yeere;* 1.56 whereby the English came home halfe la∣den. This yeere also the King of Denmarke sent vnto Greenland three of his ships, Men of warre, to demand a toll of the English; but they had none payd them: for they fell with the Fore-land in 79. degrees, where Captaine Edge was, and he denyed payment of any toll, alledging that the Countrey of Greenland belonged to the King of England.* 1.57 These were the first Danish ships that euer came to Greenland, who had for their Pilot one Iames Vaden, an Englishman to [ 10] bring them thither.

In the yeere 1616. the Company set out for Greenland eight Sayle of great ships, and two Pinnasses vnder the command of Thomas Edge, who following his course,* 1.58 arriued in Greenland a∣bout the fourth of Iune, hauing formerly appointed all his ships for their seuerall Harbours, for their making of their Voyage vpon the Whale, and hauing in euery Harbour a sufficient num∣ber of expert men, and all prouisions fitting for such a Voyage. This yeere it pleased God to blesse them by their labours, that they full laded all their ships with Oyle, and left an ouer-pl••s in the Countrey, which their ships could not take in. They imployed this yeere a small Pinnasse vnto the East-ward, which discouered the East-ward part of Greenland, Namely, the Iland cal∣led now Edges Iland,* 1.59 and other Ilands lying to the North-wards as farre as seuentie eight de∣grees, [ 20] this Pinnasse was some twentie tunnes, and had twelue men in her, who killed one thou∣sand Sea-horses on Edges Iland, and brought all their Teeth home for London. This was the first yeere that euer the Company full laded all their ships sent to Greenland, and this yeere they made twelue or thirteene hundred tunnes of Oyle in Greenland by the fourteenth of August. All the ships arriued in safety in the Riuer of Thames, in the moneth of September. The Hollanders had this yeere in Greenland foure ships, and those kept together in odde places, not easily to bee found, and made a poore Voyage.

In the yeare 1617. the Company set out for Greenland fourteene Sayle of ships, and their two Pinnasses furnished and manned with a sufficient number of men and all other prouisions fitting for that Voyage, vnder the command of Thomas Edge. They departed from Grauesend,* 1.60 about the [ 30] foure and twentieth of Aprill, and arriued vpon the Coast of Greenland, the eight and twentieth of May all in safety.

At our first comming vpon the Coast this yeere, I met with a Dutch shippe of two hundred tunnes, which I commanded aboard, the Captaynes name was Cocke, who told mee there were ten Sayle of Dutch vpon the Coast, and two men of Warre, and that he came to make a Voy∣age vpon the Whale. I shewed him the Kings Commission, and commanded him by vertue thereof to depart from the Coast, willing him to acquaint the rest of his Countrey-men with it. And further, I told him that if I met with him or any Dutch ships heereafter, I would take from them what they had gotten, and thus hauing entertayned him aboord with me courteous∣ly, I let him goe without taking any prouisions from him. At his departure from mee, hee pro∣mised [ 40] hee would but stay to meet with two of his Consorts, which hee had lost company with the day before, and then hee would directly goe for Flushing, and acquaint his Merchants, that the English Captayne would not suffer him to stay vpon the Coast of Greenland; but it seemeth at his meeting with his Consorts, they agreed altogether to goe into Horne-sound, and there they killed some few Whales which they saued in Blubber. I vnderstanding of it, gaue order to my Vice-admirall when he was laden, that he should goe into Horne-sound, and put the Flemmings from thence, and take what they had gotten, which he did accordingly: but the goods he tooke from the Dutch ships, were not worth to the English twentie pounds, for it was but Blubber and Finnes, which they had no need of, in regard they had killed as many Whales as would lade their ships, and more then they could carry or saue. This yeere the English made nineteene hun∣dred [ 50] tunnes of Oyle in Greenland, and all their ships arriued at home in the moneths of August and September in safetie. They also employed a ship of sixtie tunnes, with twenty men in her, who discouered to the Eastward of Greenland, as faire to the North-wards as seuentie nine de∣grees, and an Iland which he named Witches Iland, and diuers other Ilands as by the Map appea∣reth, and killed store of Sea-horses there, and then came into Bel-sound:* 1.61 where hee found his la∣ding of Oyle, left by the Captayne which he tooke in.* 1.62 This yeere the Hull men set a small ship or two to the East-wards of Greenland, for the Hull men still followed the steps of the Londo∣ners, and in a yeere or two called it their Discouery, which is false and vntrue, as by Oath in the Admiraltie doth appeare. The Dutch likewise practise the same course.

[ 60] In the yeere 1618. some difference hauing passed betweene the English and some Zelanders, the yeere before, in King Iames his Newland,* 1.63 * 1.64 alias Greenland (which Zelanders were neuer in those parts before, and vpon promise of the present departure) were permitted to passe else-where with their prouisions which they had, and comming to Cherrie Iland, and meeting with one English Interloper of Hull; namely Marmaduke,* 1.65 he animated the said Zelanders to returne back

for Greenland, alleaging vnto them, that the Companies ships were in each seuerall Harbour bu∣sied about their Voyage, and that none would stirre from his Harbours to molest them, and that they being three ships of force, might returne to a Harbour in that Countrey, called Hornsound, and there make a Voyage perforce, which the said Zelanders did attempt, and there manned out diuers Shallops, hauing many Biskainers, and killed store of Whales, setting those English at nought. Whereupon Captayne Thomas Edge, chiefe Commander of the English Fleet, hauing laden those ships that were in Harbour with him, and presently sent for William H••ly, his Vice-admirall, giuing him order (who was not then full laden, but in good forwardnesse) to fit the ship he was in, and goe to Horne-sound afore-said, and put the said Zelanders from thence: which the said H••ly presently put in execution. But before his comming thither, the Zelanders had notice by an English Surgeon, that if they did not depart, the English Vice-admiral would come present∣ly [ 10] and force them from thence. Whereupon the Zelanders laded all the goods they had in two ships, and sent them away before the comming of the English Vice-admirall, leauing one ship behind, with certaine caske of Blubber, and two Whales and an halfe vncut vp, in a brauado to trye if the English would meddle with them or not, which said ship and goods there left, were surprized by the said English Vice-admirall; the goods detayned to the Companies vse; and the ship restored there to the Zelanders; which ship hauing in her ten cast Peeces, and sixtie men, and hauing intelligence of one of the Companies ships, at that time laden in the Countrey with one hundred and eightie tunnes of Oyle, the Zelander gaue out he would lie in waite and take that ship of the Companies and her lading, and carrie her to Zeland. For preuention where∣of, the said Vice-admirall tooke sixe Peeces of Ordnance, and some Powder from the ship of [ 20] Zeland, which were in England restored to the owners.

In which said yeere 1618. the Zelanders sending ouer for restitution of the goods taken from them. A new Company commixt of English, Scottish and Zelanders, through the meanes of one Sir Iohn Conningham Knight,* 1.66 procured a grant for setting forth of shipping to those parts, which might vtterly haue ouerthrowne and spoiled the trade of the first discoueries thereof: and to that end diuers of the chiefe men were hired by the new Company that had been seruants to the first discouerie, and much shipping and prouisions agreed for. Whereupon there was an agreement, that the East India Aduenturers should ioyne stocke with the Moscouia Aduenturers,* 1.67 and be one ioynt Companie for that trade of King Iames his Newland. The Scottish Companies Patent thereupon dissolued, to the Moscouia Companies great trouble and cost, in taking of all the pro∣uisions [ 30] they had bespoken, and paying ready money for the same, hauing no vse thereof, but great part spoyled, and came to little good, and in ioyning vnfortunately with the East India Companie, in which yeere, and the next yeere after, their Voyages proued very ill, and they were losers, and much vexed and crossed in their proceedings, to the great dis-heartning and de∣triment of the Moscouia Companie: yet that yeere 1618. they set forth thirteene ships and two Pinnasses, vnder the command of the said Captaine Thomas Edge, who arriuing vpon the coast of King Iames his Newland, in the beginning of Iune separated themselues to seuerall Har∣bours for accomplishing of their Voyages, the most part being ships of no force. Presently af∣ter in all Harbours where the English were, arriued great store of ships of Zeland, in warlike manner, being ships of great force, who continued in the same Harbours amongst the English, [ 40] setting two boats to the English one, with Biskainers, with a full purpose to driue the English from their Harbours, and to reuenge the iniurie (as they termed it) done them the yeere before: and for that the Scottish Patent was dissolued; wherein many Flemmings were to be interested. And to that purpose towards the latter end of Iuly, ten Saile of the said Zelanders, being at a Har∣bour called the Foreland, where the said William Heley, Vice-admirall of the English Fleet that yeere, was in the ship Pleasure, Master Robert Salmon, with one English ship and a Pinnasse there of no force, set vpon the said English Vice-admirall, threatning, if hee would not yeeld pre∣sently, to dispoyle him of ship and goods, not permitting to take his men aboord. And with two of their chiefest ships layd the English Vice-admirall aboord, there being but seuen English aboord the ship, which they detayned for foure and twentie houres, the Zelanders not daring [ 50] to enter, making many brauadoes and attempts, thinking to make the English to yeeld, and stand to their mercy, which was refused. And thereupon fiue of those Zelanders ships; namely, the Fortune of Camphire, burthen foure hundred tunnes, with eighteene cast Peeces, besides brasse Bases and Murtherers, Captaine Hubreght Cornelisson; the Saint Peter of Flushing, burthen three hundred tunnes, with eighteene cast Peeces, Captaine Cornelius Cooke; the Salamander of Flu∣shing, two hundred tunnes, fourteene cast Peeces, Captaine Adrian Peeterson; the Cat of Delph Hauen, with sixteene cast Peeces, Abraham Leuerstick being Captaine and Generall of the Ze∣landers, and William Iohnson of Milliworth, in a ship with fourteene cast Peeces: all which, after much conference passed betwixt the said Zelanders and William Hely: which said Zelanders gaue out many vnciuill speeches against the Kings Maiestie, not esteeming his Commission; al∣ledging [ 60] that there was good law in Flanders for what they did.* 1.68 And on Sunday the nineteenth of Iuly, 1618. did forcibly set vpon the said English Vice-admirall, fiue together plying their great Ordnance, small Shot, and Murderers, seeking what in them lay to kill and spoile all the

English that were aboord: who resisted their force, and in spite of all their opposers set sayle, saluting them with their Ordnance, and maintayning fight against them till their Sayles were shot downe, some of their chiefe men slaine, others hurt, and their ship forced either to anchor, or run ashoare. The Zelanders vsed the English very vnkindly, rifling their ship of all their goods, and taking away all their munition and artillery, not leauing any goods ashoare, but burning vp the Caske, not permitting the English to take in fresh water, but shot their Boat thorow in going ashoare, and minding, as they protested and swore vnto the said William Hely, that they would take and ransacke all the English ships in the Countrey, and carrie the English Captaine to Ze∣land: hauing as they said, that yeere in those parts 23. sayle of well appointed ships, onely to [ 10] ouerthrow all the English, all which were to meet in Scotland outward bound. After the sur∣prising of the said English Vice-admirall, all the rest of the English ships being dispersed farre asunder, could not ioyne together, being in all places hindred by the Flemmings: and by that meanes the English Voyage vtterly ouerthrowne, to the extraordinary great losse and charge of the Companie, the most part of their ships returning home without any goods.

The next yeere 1619. the said Moscouia and East India Companies set out nine ships,* 1.69 and two Pinnasses, vnder the command of the said Captaine Edge, in which yeere, diuers Hollan∣ders being in the Northermost Harbour in the Countrey, employing great quantitie of Boats in chasing the Whale there, off into the Sea, put them by their vsuall course, so that the Com∣panies ships, being fiue of the nine, in the two Northermost Harbours, were disappointed of their Voyage in those Harbours; and thinking to better it in the other Harbours; the foresaid Wil∣liam [ 20] Heley sending a Shallop with ten men in her, with Letters to the said Captaine Edge, of their ill successe to the Northwards, the said Shallop was cast away, and all the men lost: and the said Captaine being laden, sent a Pinnasse to the said Heley in August, aduertising him of his departure, thinking all the ships to the Northward had been laden, wishing them to haste home. By meanes of which Shallops casting away, the Voyage was greatly hindred to the Compa∣nies exceeding great losse; in that the Hollanders did as then bring ouer great quantitie of Whale-oyle, and sold it at vnder rates, so that the Companie was forced to keepe theirs on their hands twelue moneths, and sell it afterwards at a very small price, and lost one ship in her returne homewards neere Yarmouth: which did so much dishearten the said Companie, that [ 30] they dissolued againe, and thought verily to haue aduentured no more thither (their successe those two yeeres past, in which the East India Companie ioyned with them was so bad, that any that would buy their prouision might enioy the benefit of the Trade there.) At which time, the worthie and famous Merchants Aduenturers; namely, Ralph Freeman, Beniamin Deicrowe, George Strowd, with Captaine Thomas Edge, all brethren of the Moscouia Companie, pitying the down-fall of so worthie a Trafficke, in which yeerely so many poore Land-men receiued great comfort, and breeding of Mariners, at their owne charge compounded with the said Com∣panies, and tooke that Trade into their hands. In which yeere 1620. they set out seuen sayle of ships, vnder the command of William Goodl••d, and the said William Heley; in which said yeere,* 1.70 by reason of great store of Flemmings and Danes in the foresaid Northermost Harbours, their [ 40] ships had ill successe to the Northwards, and were forced to passe from Harbour to Harbour to seeke to make a Voyage, but could not, and so returned home halfe laden, with seuen hundred tunnes of Oyle.

The next yeere 1621. the foresaid Aduenturers hired, and set forth eight ships, seuen for the Whale Voyage, and one to the South-eastwards vpon Discouerie, vnder the command aforesaid,* 1.71 which yeere in one of their chiefest Harbours their Voyage was ouerthrowne, by reason of the foresaid Flemmings and Danes, being to the Northward, as aforesaid▪ putting the Whale by her course, and in all places in the Countrey generally disheartned, and out of hope to haue made any Voyage that yeere, whereby to haue earned their bread. Yet it pleased God afterwards in some Harbours, Whales hitting in, a Voyage was performed, and 1100. tunnes of Oyle brought home, to the great encouragement of the said Aduenturers: otherwise that Trade had beene [ 50] vtterly ouerthrowne.

The yeere following 1622. the said Aduenturers at their owne charge set forth nine ships, vn∣der the command aforesaid, and therein employed diuers Land-men;* 1.72 many of which afterwards proue good Sea-men, and are fit for any Sea seruice. Eight of which ships were appointed to make their Voyage vpon the Whale, and one to goe on discouerie to the South-eastwards. But ill successe happening, one of their greatest ships of burthen, whereof Iohn Masson was Master, hauing in her two hundred tuns of Caske, Coppers, and diuers prouisions, was vnfortunatly cast away against a piece of Ice, vpon the coast of King Iames Newland, foure leagues from the shoare,* 1.73 in which ship perished nine and twentie men, and the remainder being three and twenty, were by the prouidence of the Almightie miraculously saued in a Shallop, coasting thirtie leagues af∣terwards [ 60] to meet with some other ships to find some succour, hauing neither bread nor drinke, nor any meanes whereby to get any food: and so remayned three dayes in extreme cold wea∣ther, being in a small Boat ready to bee swallowed vp of euery waue, but that God prouided better for them. Many of which people their hands and feet rotted off, being frozen, and they

died in the Countrey. The rest of the ships returned home laden, bringing in them 1300. tuns of Oyle, yet the foresaid chiefe Harbour could not performe their full lading there, by reason of the Flemmings and Danes being to the Northwards, as aforesaid, which doth yeerely hinder the Companies ships from making a Voyage.

§. III. The Description of the seuerall sorts of Whales, with the manner of killing them: Whereto is added the Description of Greenland. [ 10]

THe Whale is a Fish or Sea-beast of a huge bignesse, about sixtie fiue * 1.74 foot long, and thirtie fiue foot thicke, his head is a third part of all his bodies quantitie, his spacious mouth contayning a very great tongue, and all his finnes, which we call Whale finnes. These finnes are fastned or rooted in his vpper chap, and spread ouer his tongue on both sides his mouth, being in number about two hundred and fiftie on one side, and as many on the other side. The longest finnes are placed in the midst of his mouth, and the rest doe shorten by their proportionable degrees, backward and forwards, from ten or eleuen foot long to foure in∣ches in length,* 1.75 his eyes are not much bigger then an Oxes eyes, his body is in fashion almost [ 20] round forwards, growing on still narrower towards his tayle from his bellie, his tayl•• is about twentie foot broad, and of a tough solid substance, which we vse for blockes to chop the Blubber on (which yeelds Oyle) and of like nature are his two swimming finnes (and they grow for∣ward on him.)

This creature commeth oftentimes aboue water, spouting eight or nine times before he goeth downe againe, whereby he may be descried two or three leagues off. Then our Whale-killers presently rowe forth from the place where they stand to watch for him, making what haste they can to meet him: but commonly before they come neere him, he will be gone downe a∣gaine, and continue a good while before he riseth; so that sometimes they rowe past him. Yet are they very circumspect, euer looking round where they may espie him risen, or discerne his [ 30] way vnder water, which they call his Walke. When he is vp and the Shallops neere him, they rowe towards him very resolutely, as if they would force the Shallop vpon him, if hee went downe vnder water: but the Harponyre, who standeth vp in the head of the Boat, darteth his Harping-iron at the Whale with both his hands, so soone as he commeth within his reach; wher∣with the Whale being strucken, presently descendeth to the bottome, and therefore doe they reare out a rope of two hundred fathome, which is fastned to the Harping-iron, and lieth coy∣led in the Boat: And they let him haue as much of the rope as reacheth to the bottome, and when they perceiue him rising they hale in the rope to get neere him, and when the Whale commeth vp aboue water, then do the men lance him with their lances, either out of one Shallop or the other; for most commonly there bee two Shallops about the killing of one Whale. In [ 40] lancing him they strike neere to the finnes he swimmeth withall, and as lowe vnder water neere his bellie as conueniently they can:* 1.76 but when he is lanced, he friskes and strikes with his tayle so forcibly, that many times when hee hitteth a Shallop hee splitteth her in pieces; so that the men are relieued and taken in by another Shallop: and sometimes he striketh so fully vpon them, that some of the men are either maymed, or killed with his stroke. Therefore they who vnder∣take this businesse which is the principall thing in the Voyage, must not onely bee bold and reso∣lute, but also discreet and wary; otherwise their rash forwardnesse may preuent them of their expected conquest; considering they haue no shield to withstand the offended beast their enemy, but onely by a heedfull warinesse to auoide the receiuing of his dangerous stroke. Swimming is also requisite for a Whale-killer to be expert in, for it may be a meanes to saue his life, when [ 50] he hath lost his Boat, and another is not neere presently to helpe him.

The Whale hauing receiued his deadly wound, then he spouteth bloud (whereas formerly he cast forth water) and his strength beginneth to fayle him; but before he dieth, hee will some∣times draw the Shallop three or foure miles from the place where he was first stricken: and as he is a dying, he turneth his bellie vpwards, which lieth vppermost being dead. Then they fa∣sten a rope to his tayle, and with the Shallops, one made fast to another, they towe him towards the ship with his tayle foremost. Then doe they lay him crosse the sterne of the ship, where he is cut vp in this manner; two or three men in a Boat or Shallop come close to the side of the Whale, and hold the Boat fast there with a Boat-hooke; and another standing either in the Boat, or most commonly vpon the Whale, cutteth the fat (which we call Blubber) in square pieces with [ 60] a cutting Knife, three or foure foot long. Then to race it from the flesh, there is a Crane or Cap∣sten placed purposely vpon the poope of the ship, from whence there descendeth a rope with a hooke in it; this hooke is made to take hold on a piece of Blubber: and as the men winde the Capsten, so the cutter with his long knife looseth the fat from the flesh, euen as if the lard of a

Swine were to be cut off from the leane. When a piece is in order cut off, then let they lower the Crane, and let downe the Blubber to flote vpon the water, and make a hole in some part of it, putting a rope thorow it; and so they proceed to cut off more, fastning ten or twentie pie∣ces together to bee towed a shoare at one time, being made fast to the sterne of a Boat or Shallop. These pieces being thus brought vnto the shoare side, they are drawne by one and one vpon the shoare with an high Crane, or carried vp by two men on a Barrow vnto a Stage, there to be cut into small pieces about a foot long, but thin: then it is carried vnto the choppers by two boyes, with two little hand-hookes, taking in each hand a piece, and so they put it into half-tubs which stand behind the choppers, out of which the choppers take it vp; who stand at the side of a boat which is raised of an equall height fit for the furnace. And the boat being fitted with all [ 10] things necessarie for the choppers, they place the chopping blockes, which they make of the Whales tayle, and the Blubber is layd ready for them, as they vse it, in small pieces vpon the boord whereon they stand. Then the choppers take it vp with hand-hookes, and lay it on their blockes, and chop it in thin pieces (the thinner he cuts it, the better it is) and when it is chop∣ped, they put it off the blocke downe into the Shallop, with a short Paddle made like a Cole∣rake: and thus doe sixe or eight men stand chopping on the one side of the boat, and on the o∣ther side of the boat about two or three yards distant are the Furnaces and Coppers placed and heated. Then betweene the chopping boat and the Coppers, is layd a broad thicke planke, on which standeth a hogshead, which contayneth as much as is put into the Copper, at one time for one boyling, and the tub being emptied, is made to slide vnto the chopping boat againe, be∣ing [ 20] there filled with a copper ladle againe, and put into another Copper. When it is boyled enough, the small pieces of Blubber, which wee call Fritters, will looke browne as if they were fried. Then are they taken out with copper ladles, and some of the Oyle also with them, and put into a Barrow made close to dreyne the Oyle, which standeth ouer another Shallop, that is set on the back-side of the Furnace to receiue the Oyle in, and as soone as the Fritters are taken cleane out of the Copper, then presently is the tub of small Blubber emptied into the Copper againe to be also boyled.

The Boat into which the hot Oyle is put out of the Coppers, is euer kept halfe full of water, which doth not onely coole the Oyle before it runne into the Caske, but also is a cleanser of it from drosse, which descendeth to the bottome of the Boat. Out of the Oyle-boat doth the [ 30] Oyle runne thirtie or fortie yards in Troughs or Gutters, and so into Buts or Hogsheads, which being filled, is rolled off to coole, and another Caske layd to fill, and when there is any quan∣titie of Oyle made, it is carried aboord the ship in rafts. In this manner is the Oyle saued and prepared.

Now concerning the Whale Finnes,* 1.77 the Whales head being cut off from the body (as hee floteth at the sterne of the ship where hee is cut vp) is towed by a Boat as neere the shoare as it will come: but it is aground in twelue or thirteene foot water, then by crabes which are pla∣ced on land it is drawne on land, at seuerall times when the water is at highest, so neere the dry shoare, that men at a lowe water with their Boats on, cut off the Blubber and Finnes, which by the crabes are drawne on shoare, and the Finnes are with Axes, one seuered from another, and [ 40] being made cleane, are packed vp by fiftie in a bundle, and so shipped.

There are eight seuerall kinds of Whales, and differing the one from the other in goodnesse, quantitie and qualitie.* 1.78

The first sort of Whale is called the Grand-bay, taking his name from Grand-bay in New∣foundland, as hauing there beene first killed: he is blacke of colour, with a smooth skinne,* 1.79 and white vnderneath the chaps. This Whale is the best for Oyle and Finnes of all the rest (and doth yeeld most the elder it growes.) This sort of Whale doth yeeld about an hundred hogsheads of Oyle, and some fiue hundred Finnes.

The second sort of Whale is called Sarda, of the same colour as the former,* 1.80 but somewhat lesser, and the Finnes likewise lesser, and yeelds in Oyle according to his bignesse, sometimes se∣uentie [ 50] hogsheads, or eightie hogsheads. This Whale hath naturally growing vpon his backe, white things like vnto Barnacles.

The third sort of Whale is called Trumpa, being as long as the first, but thicker forwards,* 1.81 of colour more gray then the former, hauing but one spoute in his head, and the rest haue all two; he hath in his mouth teeth about a span long, and as thicke as a mans wrist, but no finnes▪ his head is bigger then the two former, and in proportion farre bigger then his bodie. In the head of this Whale is the Permesitie, which lieth there in a hole like a Well.* 1.82 This is the Whale that is supposed to yeeld the Ambergreese; There taken about fortie hogsheads of Oyle besides the Permesitie.

The fourth sort of Whale is called Otta Sotta, and is of the same colour of the Trumpa,* 1.83 hauing [ 60] finnes in his mouth all white, but not aboue halfe a yard long, being thicker then the Trumpa, but not so long: he yeelds the best Oyle, but not aboue thirtie hogsheads.

The fift sort of Whale is called Gibarta, of colour blacke like the two first,* 1.84 sauing that it hath standing vpon the top of his backe, a finne halfe a yard long. This Whale is as bigge

as the first; his fins little or nothing worth, being not aboue halfe a yard long: and hee yeel∣deth about twelue hogsheads of Oyle, all which his backe yeelds; as for his bellie it yeelds nothing at all.

* 1.85The sixt ••ort is called Sedeua, being of a whitly colour, and bigger then any of the former, the finnes not aboue one foot long, and he yeelds little or no Oyle.

* 1.86The seuenth is called Sedeua Negro, of colour blacke, with a bumpe on his backe; this Whale yeelds neither Oyle, finnes, nor teeth, and yet he is of a great bignesse.

* 1.87The eight sort is called Sewria, of colour as white as snow, of the bignesse of a Wherrie, he yeelds not aboue one hogshead or two of Oyle, nor any finnes, and is good meate to be eaten.

[ 10]

The description of Greenland.

* 1.88GReenland is a place in Nature nothing like vnto the Name: for certainly there is no place in the World, yet knowne and discouered that is lesse greene then it. It is couered with snow, both the Mountaines and the lower Lands, till about the beginning of Iune, being very Mountainous, and beareth neither grasse nor tree, saue onely such as grow vpon the Moores and heathie grounds, in the North parts of England, which we call Heath, or Ling. This groweth when the snow melteth, and when the ground beginneth to be vncouered. And on this doe the Deere feed in the Summer time, and become very fat therewithall in a moneths space, but how [ 20] they liue in the Winter time it is not easily to be imagined. For seeing at the end of May wee find the ground all couered with snow, it is very like, that in the time of Winter there is no part bare, where any thing can grow; especially during the time that the Sunne is altogether depressed vnder the horizon, which in the latitude of 77. degrees, continueth from the eighteenth of October till the fourth of Februarie. This Countrey by all probabilities hath neuer been inha∣bited by any people; notwithstanding, I thinke men might liue there, carrying thither good store of prouision of victuals, and other things necessary against the cold, which perhaps will be ve∣hement in the Winter time, by the former reasons; namely, because the Sunne remayneth so long vnder the Horizon.

Neuerthelesse, there will not be any continuance of darknesse, because the Sunne in his grea∣test [ 30] declination will be but 10. degrees vnder the Horizon, at this time of his being in the South of the Meridian in the former latitude of 77. degrees, which is once in foure and twentie houres; and therefore the time of their Noone will bee much lighter then our Night here in England, when the dayes are at the longest; for then is the Sunne 15. degrees vnder the Horizon at mid∣night, and yet the greatest darknesse is but like twi-light. And although it bee a generall saying, and a common receiued opinion, that the further North the greater cold, yet experience tea∣cheth, that it is not alwaies true. For at M••sco, and thereabouts in the Winter time, there is ex∣treme frosts and cold weather, insomuch that oftentimes men are brought home dead, being starued with cold; and many haue their noses and eares caused to fall off, through the extremity of the piercing aire: yet at Edenborrow, which is more Northerly by one degree and an halfe, [ 40] and in all places neere vnto it the aire is temperate, and the cold tolerable, the snow neuer lying any long time on the ground after it is fallen. Notwithstanding, wee haue snow remayning all the yeere long in diuers places of England, but the reason of this is, because the aire is euer war∣mest neere vnto the Sea shoare,* 1.89 (as Edenborrow standeth) and contrariwise the cold is most ve∣hement in places which are farthest remote from the Sea, as Mosco is situated.

All the Creatures that appeare vnto vs vpon the Land, are Deere, Beares, and Foxes, and sun∣drie sorts of wilde Fowle, as Cuthbert Duckes, Willockes, Stints, Sea-pigeons, Sea-parrets, Gulls, Noddies, &c. The Author addes a discourse of sending condemned men to inhabite there, with diuers proiects for their seruice there, for the further discouerie how best to bee effected, for such things as are most necessary for this employment of Whale-killing, &c. but because experience hath gi∣uen best instructions already, and destructions must otherwise be preuented, I haue forborne to detayne [ 50] the Reader in those (otherwise iudicious) speculations.

The Southermost part of Greenland stands in 76. degrees 30. minutes, which wee call, Point Looke out, and we haue discouered all the West side of the Land as farre vnto the Northwards as 80▪ degrees odde minutes: in which compasse wee haue already experience of sixe or eight good Harbours for the killing of the Whale; and on the East side we haue discouered as farre as 78. degrees, finding diuers Ilands, great and small, yeelding good Harbours, and store of Whales, and Sea-horses; and for a further discouery on the East side, I am perswaded it had beene farre greater, if the Dutch had not so disturbed vs in our proceedings, as also the Hull-men, who euer practised to follow our steps, after the discouerie within one yeere or two: as by our Masters Iournall more at large may appeare. The best actions haue their hindrances and crosses, and so [ 60] hath this had; for, the Dutch haue beene a bane to this Trade and Discouerie: The Hull-men haue done some bad seruice in this Action, for they were the first that carried the Dutch to the Tutches, as by Wi••••••dens Oath and Iournall appeares, they were also a cause of that bad Voyage,

[illustration]

[illustration]

A Whale is ordinarly about 60 foote longe

[illustration]

When the whale comes aboue water y^e shallop rowes towards him and being within reach of him the harpoiner darts his harpingiron at him out of both his hands and being fast they lance him to death

[illustration]

The whale is cut up as hee lyes floating crosse the stearne of a shipp the blubber is cut from the flesh by peeces 3 or 4 foote long and being rased is rowed on shore towards the coppers

[illustration]

They place 2. or 3. coppers on a r•••• and y^e chopping boat on the one side and the cooling boate on the other side to receiue y^e oyle of y^e coppers, the chopt blubber being boyled is taken 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out of the coppers and put in wiker baskets or barowes throwgh w^ch the oyle is dreaned and run̄es into y^e cooler w^ch is fall of water out of w^ch it is convaied by troughs into buts or hogsheads

[illustration]

The manner of killing y^e Seamorces

[illustration]

[illustration]

The manner of kill•••••• beres

[illustration] map of Greenland

[illustration]

The Seamorce is in quantity as bigg as an oxe

[illustration]

When the whale is killed hee is in this man{er} towed to the shipps by twoe or three shal∣lops made fast one to another

[illustration]

The peeces of blubber are towed to the shore side by a shallop and drawne on shore by a crane or caried by twoe menn on a barrowe to y^e twoe cutters w^ch cutts them the breadt^h of a trencher and very thin̄e & by twoe boys are caried w^th handhooks to y^e choppers

[illustration]

Thus they make cleane and scrape y^e whale fins

[illustration]

A tent and Coopers at worke

to vs in 1618. in that they animated the Flemmings to come backe to Greenland againe, as ap∣peareth in this Iournall, in the yeere 1617. they haue done some other ill seruices against vs as well as the Dutch, but in regard they are our Countrey-men, I will omit and wish their amend∣ment, and pray to God to send a good and further Discouery to bee made in these Northerne parts. Amen.

REader, I present thee here three admirable Voyages of Discouery made by the Dutch, no whit en∣uying their due prayse, but honouring their worthy Acts and Arts. They haue formerly beene pub∣lished in Dutch, and translated by W. Philip. I haue heere abbreuiated them, as my vse is with others, [ 10] to auoid prolixitie. The Dutch themselues * 1.90 write that after the English Russian Trade, one Oliuer Bunell moued with hope of gaine, went from Enckhuysen to Pechora, where he lost all by shipwracke, hauing discouered Costinsarca in Noua Zemla. These Nauigations of the English, and that of Bu∣nell, and the hopes of China and Cathay, caused the States Generall to send forth two shippes vnder the command of Hugo Linschoten, to the Streights of Wey-gates, and two others vnder William Ber∣nards, by the perswasion of P. Plancius to goe right Northwards from Noua Zemla. Linschot went fiftie miles beyond the Streights, the Northerly winds, and late season forcing him backe. Bernards Iournall here followeth, of that and his two later Voyages, the two later written by one employed therein.

Notes

• * 1.1

  W. Gemeticensis de Ducib. Nor∣man.
• * 1.2

  Hans Townes.
• * 1.3

  Cathay. See l. 2. cap. 1. of this whole Voyage. 212.
• * 1.4

  An errour in the lati∣tude, the Land stands in 77.
• * 1.5

  Greenland discouered by Sir Hugh Willoughbie. This Voyage was writ∣ten by Sir H. Will. and found in his ship. In Ianuarie after he was aliue, as appeares by a Will of Gab. Will. his kinsman, subscribed by Sir Hug. Willoughbie which Will I now haue, and keepe as a Relike of that wor∣thie discouerer and first finder of King Iames his New-land.
• * 1.6

  See Hackl. V▪ tom. 1. pag. 274.
• * 1.7

  1576.
• * 1.8

  Sir M. Frobisher Hakl. tom. 3.29. & seqq.
• * 1.9

  1578.
• * 1.10

  1580.
• * 1.11

  Pet and Iack∣man. Hak. to. 1. p. 445.
• * 1.12

  1583.
• * 1.13

  Sir H. Gilbert Hak. to. 3. p. 143.
• * 1.14

  1585.
• * 1.15

  Master Dauis Hak. to. 3. p. 98. & seq.
• * 1.16

  1586.
• * 1.17

  1587.
• * 1.18

  Fretum Dauis.
• * 1.19

  Hak. Tom. 1. pag. 297.
• * 1.20

  25.
• * 1.21

  1553.
• * 1.22

  1578.
• * 1.23

  25.
• * 1.24

  1594.
• * 1.25

  These Voiages follow.
• * 1.26

  1595.
• * 1.27

  1596.
• * 1.28

  I haue by me a French Storie of Spitsbergh, published 1613 by a Dutchman which writeth against this English allega∣tion, &c. but hotter argu∣ments then I am willing to answer.

  William Hudson Discouereth to 81. Degrees. Whale Bay. Hackluits Headland. Hudsons Tout∣ches.
• * 1.29

  Thomas Welden.
• * 1.30

  1609.
• * 1.31

  Thomas Edge the Author.
• * 1.32

  1610.
• * 1.33

  Ionas Poole first Namer of Greenland.
• * 1.34

  See B••ffins North-west Discouerie, Vnicorne, a Sea fishes Horne.
• * 1.35

  1611.
• * 1.36

  First Whale-killing.

  Biscayners v∣sed.
• * 1.37

  500. Morses killed.
• * 1.38

  Shipwracke by Ice.
• * 1.39

  Hull Ship.
• * 1.40

  Cherie Iland.
• * 1.41

  Ship ouer set.
• * 1.42

  1612.
• * 1.43

  Hollanders.
• * 1.44

  Allen Sallowes.
• * 1.45

  Spanish Ship.
• * 1.46

  Woodcocke Im∣prisoned.
• * 1.47

  1613.
• * 1.48

  Beniamin Ioseph
• * 1.49

  Fifteene ships Int••rlop••rs.
• * 1.50

  Hope Iland.
• * 1.51

  1614.
• * 1.52

  Thirteen ••h••ps and two Pin∣n••ss••s armed. Eighteene Dutch ships.
• * 1.53

  80. Degrees discouered. Sherwin and Baffin.
• * 1.54

  1615.
• * 1.55

  Fast in Ice, in Iune four∣teene dayes.
• * 1.56

  King of Den∣marke demands Toll.
• * 1.57

  Vn-English English to serue Dutch, Spanish, Dane, against their owne.
• * 1.58

  1616.
• * 1.59

  Edges Iland.
• * 1.60

  1617.
• * 1.61

  Witches Iland.
• * 1.62

  Hull men.
• * 1.63

  1618.
• * 1.64

  Zelanders.
• * 1.65

  Marmaduke.
• * 1.66

  Sir Iohn Cun∣ningham.
• * 1.67

  East India Ad∣uenturers ioyne▪
• * 1.68

  Dutch▪ assault the English.
• * 1.69

  1619.
• * 1.70

  1620.
• * 1.71

  1621.
• * 1.72

  1622.
• * 1.73

  Shipwracke▪
• * 1.74

  The ordina∣rie growne Whale. Finnes.
• * 1.75

  Small eyes. Some kinds haue greater. Stow mentions one taken on Tenet shoare, the eye of which was a Cart-loade, a man might stand in the hole vpright: The like wee may ghesse of the throat, &c. Nature being herein luxuri∣ant, and diuer∣sified.
• * 1.76

  You may see this Story of the Whale-kil∣ling presented liuely in the Map, which Captaine Edge hath liberally added to this Relation.
• * 1.77

  Whale Finnes▪
• * 1.78

  Eight kinds of Whales known
• * 1.79

  1. Grand bay Whale.
• * 1.80

  2. Sarda.
• * 1.81

  3. Trumpa.
• * 1.82

  Spermacoete.
• * 1.83

  4. Otta Sotta.
• * 1.84

  5. Gibarta.
• * 1.85

  6. Sedeua.
• * 1.86

  7. Sedeua Negro.
• * 1.87

  8. Sewria.
• * 1.88

  Antiphrastical appellation. I haue found this description of Greenland, with other notes, written by Ro. Fotherby. Deere.
• * 1.89

  Yet in China euen neere the Sea, and farre neerer the Sun, betwixt 30. and 40. the Winters are extreme. ••. Foth.
• * 1.90

  Prolegomena. ad Hudsoni De∣tect. edit. Am∣stelodami per Hos. Gerard. 1611.