Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. VII. The Map of China, taken out of a China Map, printed with China Characters; illustrated with Notes, for the vnderstanding thereof.

[ 40] THe originall Map, whence this present was taken and contracted, was by Captaine Saris (whose industrie and acts haue both heere and elsewhere enriched this worke) gotten at Bantam of a Chinese,* 1.1 in taking a distresse for debts owing to the English Merchants: who seeing him carefull to conuay away a Boxe, was the more carefull to apprehend it, and therein found this Map, which another Chinese lodged at his house, lately come from China, had brought with him.* 1.2 The greatnesse of the danger at home (if knowne) made him earnestly begge for that which was on the other side as earnestly desired and kept. Master Hakluyt procured it of the Captaine, professing his intent to giue it to Prince Henry of glorious memory, who being suddenly aduanced to a higher view in Heauen, and Master Hak∣luyt following, this Map came to my hand, who sought to expresse my loue to the publike in communicating what I could thereof. For it being in China Characters (which I thinke none in [ 50] England, if any in Europe, vnderstands) I could not wholly giue it, when I giue it; no man be∣ing able to receiue, what he can no way conceiue.

And as in greatest things our little vnderstandings easier apprehend negations then affirma∣tions, and can better tell what they are not, then what they are; so this Map easily tells at first,* 1.3 euen without Commentaries, the comments and conceits of our Geog••••phers, Ortelius, Mer∣cator, Hondius, and whatsoeuer other our Authors of Maps, and Globes, who all haue heerein fayled, giuing nothing lesse then China in their China; whether wee regard the generall figure and shape thereof, or the particular Riuers, Hills, Prouinces, Wall, Latitude, and if wee beleeue the Iesuites) Longitude also. They present it in forme somewhat like a Harpe, whereas it is al∣most foure square; they make Hills, Riuers, Lakes, Ilands, (Coray also for one,* 1.4 which is part of [ 60] the Continent) Cities, Prouinces, euery thing out of due place. Whose industry I commend; but industry guided by fansie, and without light, is but the blind leading the blind, or like a see∣led vnmanaged Horse, the more spurred, the more ready to carrie his Rider into precipices, or out of the way at least. Our Geographers haue indeed payd the Chinois in their owne Coine:

for they, as before yee haue read, knew nothing in manner of the other parts of the World, and expressed them as fansifully in their Maps; and wee likewise knowing nothing of them, haue entertayned, and beene entertayned with Fansi-maps, in stead of those of China. As therefore by Sir Thomas Roes honourable industry wee haue giuen you Indus and India before, which no Geographer before had done (they all bringing Indus thorow Cambaia, and some seeking for Ganges at Canton in China) so here we giue you a true China, the Chinois themselues being our Guides, and the Iesuites their both Examiners and Interpreters.

The Originall is aboue foure foot one way, and almost fiue foot the other, whereof a yard and some foure inches square is the Map it selfe; the rest are China Discourses touching the sayd Map in their Characters and Lines (running downward, and beginning at the right hand to bee read, after their manner) which are heere omitted, as not vnderstood. Yet haue wee some vn∣derstanding [ 10] (as where wee see a man farre off, whom we know to bee a man, and can obserue his habit, gesture, motion, though wee see not the proper complexion of his face) by that which Pantoia hath told vs before; namely, that those China Characters contayne all the Tributes of each Prouince, yea the number of Houses and persons in the same. And in the Map (of which wee haue giuen an extract) hee sayth the Rounds and Squares are Cities and Townes of princi∣pall note all walled; adding that the Riuers are distinctly delineated; and the great Lines are boundaries of Prouinces, (wee haue heere expressed them after our manner in little prickes,) the lesser expresse the chiefe Cities Iurisdiction. Ours hath no such lesse Lines, but those mentioned Rounds and Squares, which perhaps hee meaneth; for therein are many others in Characters, without such lines round or square, and therefore as I suppose without Iurisdiction; and in this [ 20] extract wee haue left them out, because we exactly knew not their meaning, and perhaps some∣times are Cities, sometimes Castles or Townes, or Hills, or some other thing: and silence see∣med better, then labour to expresse an vnknowne Character, or boldnesse to expresse our owne folly or to occasion others, deceiuing and being deceiued. These Rounds and Squares also haue their Characters in them, and those greater Squares with Crosses, haue, some three others foure Characters.

Besides Pantogia, another hath helped further to the particular vnderstanding, namely our fa∣mous Countryman Master Candish, who in his voyage about the Globe, brought home certayne references taken out of the Map of China, neere whiah hee sayled, and it seemes by some skilfull [ 30] of the Languages both of China and Portugall, had the same interpreted to him. That the Pro∣uinces beare other names then in our Map or discourse is no wonder; for both the Chinois them∣selues in diuers Prouinces speake diuers languages, and in all haue the Court language besides the peculiar: and the China Characters are the same to many Nations, each of which reades them into his owne language, dialect and appellation. Thus what one Prouince calleth Lanquin (wan∣ting the N.) by diuersitie of Dialect, is else-where called Nanquin; Pequin, Paquin, and Puckin; yea, by other language Taybin, and Cambalu, and Suntien, or Citie of Heauen. I durst not interpret all, chusing rather to giue an vncertayne truth, then to hazard a certayne errour. Master Candishes Notes are these.

[ 40]

1 THe Prouince of Cansas * 1.5 hath 4. great Cities, and 20. small Cities, and 77. Townes and Castles: it contayeth in length 55. leagues n 1.6 it hath 362000. Houses of great men that pay Tribute and 13900. men of Warre, and hath 47000. Horses which are the Kings, kept for his dfeence.

2 The great City of Paquin where the King doth lye, hath belonging to it 8. great Cities, and 18. small Cities, with 118. Townes and Castles, it hath 418789. Houses of great men which pay Tribute: it hath Horsemen for the War, 258100. this City is in the latitude of o 1.750. degrees to the North-wards, being there as cold as it is vsually in Flanders.

3 The Prouince of Soyebin hath 7. great Cities, and 16. small, with 12. Townes and Castles, and one great Citie, to which many repayre to fight against the Tartars: it hath () leagues in [ 50] length, and hath 164118. great Houses which pay Tribute, and 96000. men of War.

4 The Prouince of Santo p 1.8 hath 6. great Cities, and 14. small, with 90. Townes and Castles; it is 82. leagues long, and hath 77555. great Houses which pay Tribute: 63808. horse∣men, and 31000. footmen of War.

5 The Prouince of Oyman q 1.9 hath 7. great Cities, and 14. small, with 90. Townes and Castles; being 470. leagues long, and 132958. great Houses that pay Tribute, 82800. men of Warre. Out of this Prouince commeth Copper, Quick-siluer, and Black-lead.

6 The Prouince of r 1.10 Cutchew hath 8. great Cities, and 12. small; and 83. Townes which make Armour to fight with the Iewes which do inhabit beyond Cauchin-china: it is 100. leagues broad, and hath 32920. Horsemen and Footmen with 405670. great Houses which pay Tribute [ 60] whereof the men of War are payed.

7 The Prouince of Languyn hath 14. great Cities, and 17. small, and 95. Townes and Ca∣stles: it is 120. leagues ouer, and hath 962818. great Hous••s which pay Tribute: it hath in it 208900. men of Warre. Whereof there are 52500. Tartar Horsemen that take wages.

8 The Prouince of Vquam hath 14. great Cities and 19. small, 150. Townes and Castles, and is 210. leagues broad; and 53161. Houses that pay Tribute: and 71600. men of Warre.

9 The Prouince of Som hath 7. great Cities, and 11. small, and 105. Townes and Castles; and is 200. leagues broad: and hath Houses that pay Tribute 139567. and men of Warre 345632.

10 The Prouince of Essiram hath 11. great Cities, and 75. small, and 80. Townes and Ca∣stles, and is 440. leagues broad, and hath great Houses that doe pay Tribute 1242135. and 339000. men of Warre.

11 This Lake lyeth behind Siam, and before Champa, and doth joyne with the Lappians, and [ 10] from thence commeth all the water that serueth the Kingdome of China: and the Indians and the Chinians doe report this Lake to be the whole World, and so they paint the Sea,* 1.11 the Moone and the Stars within it.

12 The Prouince of Lansay, hath 13. Cities and a chiefe Citie, and 73. Townes and Castles, and is 260. leagues broad, and hath great Houses that pay Tribute 1393629. and 12700. men of Warre.

13 The Prouince Cua••sa hath 12. great Cities, 45. small, and 51. Townes and Castles, it is 260. leagues broad, and hath great Houses that pay Tribute 1306390. and men of Warre, both Horsemen and Footmen 100100.

14 The Prouince of Vanam hath 14. great Cities, and 36. small, and 34. Townes and Ca∣stles, [ 20] and is 88. leagues broad, and hath great Houses that pay Tribute, 589296. and 15100. men of Warre.

15 The Prouince of Fuguien hath eight great Cities, and one principall Citie, and 54. Towns and Castles, and two great Cities of Garrison to keepe watch vpon the Iapons, and is 200. leagues broad, and hath 5009532. great Houses that pay Tribute, and 4003225. men of the Kings Guard.

16 The Prouince of Canton hath 40. great Cities, and seuen small, and 77. Townes and Ca∣stles; and a Citie that putteth forth hundreds of ships for the keeping of Cauchin-china, and is 380. leagues in breadth, and hath 483383. great Houses which pay Tribute, and 39400. men of Warre.

[ 30] 17 The Prouince of Enam hath seuen great Cities and 13. small, and 90. Townes and Ca∣stles: and is 88. leagues broad, and hath 589296. great Houses that pay Tribute, and 15100. Souldiers.

The Spanish Friers of the Philippinas, as Mendoza recordeth, thus out of the China Bookes re∣late the names of the Prouinces, Paguia, Foquiem, Olam, Sinsay, Sisuan, Tolanchia, Ca••say, Oquiam, Aucheo, Honan, Xanton, Quicheu, Chequean, Susuam and Saxij; tenne of which are seated on the Sea-coast. He also addes that Paguia or Pequin hath forty seuen Cities (stiled Fu) and one hun∣dred and fiftie others termed Cheu. Canton hath thirtie seuen of the one, and one hundred and ninetie of the other, and so proceedeth with somewhat differing account, reckoning in all fiue hundred ninety one Cities entituled Fu, and 1593. of the Cheu Cities, which he makes Townes: [ 40] whereas the Iesuits haue taught vs that Fu is the Title of a Region or Shire, in each Prouince, which are sub-diuided into Ceu and Hien, those the more, these the lesse principall, but yet e∣quall to our Cities, as before is obserued.

Againe, in a Dialogue printed at Macao, in the Confines of China, 1590. by the Portugals, these Prouinces are thus reckoned, Sixe vpon the Sea, Coantum, Foquien, Chequiam, Nanquin, Xantum, Paquin; the other nine In-land Prouinces, Quiansi, Huquam, Honam, Xiensi, Xansi, Su∣chuon, Queichen, Iunan, Coansi. Perera reckons them thus, Fuquien in which Cinceo is the best knowne City; Cantan, Chequeam, Xutiamfu, Chelim, Quianci, Quicin, Quanci, Confu, Vrnan, Si∣chiua, &c. all which diuersity proceedeth partly from ignorance, partly from different Language and Dialect in the expounding these Characters. And it must needs be so, the Chinois wanting [ 50] vse of, and Characters to expresse b.d.r. and all their Characters being of things not Letters; in proper names is very great difficulty to expresse ours in their Characters, or theirs in our Letters; insomuch that one Iesuite doth not perfectly agree with another, nay, often dis∣sents from himselfe, as in Ianseu, Yamceu, Hianceu, for their great Riuer which Polo cals Quian; and Chi, and Ci, and Qui I find often confounded in their syllables, as also x and sci, as Xauchin, Sciauchin, and the like. Yea, such is the difficulty, that the Iesuits can scarsly deuise to expresse in China Characters, the forme of Baptime, to put the Latine words thereof, into China Chara∣cters, that Baptisme might vniformely bee administred after the Romish Rite, as themselues confesse.

Touching their Souldiers, I thought good,* 1.12 to adde this note for their Peeces whose Barels [ 60] Pantoia sayth, are but a span long, that Captayne Saris beeing asked told mee, hee saw many of them, and they were as long as Pistols, but the Cocke such as makes them of little seruice.

I haue added these Pictures of a Man and Woman of China, not by ghesse, but out of certayne in China Pictures made also in China in very good Colours, but with Arte meane enough, fine cloth inserted in strong Indian Paper; of which Captayne Saris communicated many to me.

Their little Eyes and Noses, long Hayre bound vp in knots, womens feete wrapped vp, long wide-sleeued Garments, Fannes, &c. I haue (taking diuers parts out of diuers) presented to thee. A taste of the China Characters thou hast in the Title. That of Ricius I haue added from the Iesuits, in thankes for his great paines, and to shew the habit of the head, &c.

* 1.13The names of the Prouinces I haue hunted out of the Iesuites Iourneyes and other Relations. In the most I am sure I am right, in the other * 1.14 you haue my coniecture; for neyther know we their Characters, nor haue any giuen vs a particular Geography or Chorography, but only the names of the Prouinces. I haue added names also to some Cities and Riuers of principall note. As for the truth of the Map I finde well to agree with the Iesuites Iourneyes; but it hath not European Art, it being neyther graduated, nor Hils, nor Woods, or other differing places pre∣sented to the view; only hauing Characters, Lines, Lakes, and Riuers. I haue aduentured to [ 10] adde Degrees to helpe such Readers as cannot doe it better themselues, following the Ie∣suits prescripts in generall, although I cannot but maruell at that longitude, so farre differing from the generall opinion, and could almost doubt, that herein these Portugals are minding that diuision agreed on betwixt the Spaniards and them, which hath anciently caused such conten∣tions, and wherein you haue read some Offices of the Iesuits in these China Discourses. But I will not contend, where themselues speake faintly.

Now for Quian which Polo hath mentioned, as the greatest Riuer in the world (it is here called Iansu,* 1.15 or Hiansu, or Yamsu, that is, the Sonne of the Sea, and Iansuchian) and another called Ca∣ramoran (Cara signifieth blacke,* 1.16 and this great Northerne Riuer is alway thicke and troubled) and their Marriage by Art, is here viewed; and more then two hundred Cities (one of Polos [ 20] Wonders) communicating their Merchandizes by that Quian, or Chian, as they now terme it Iansuchian, chian signifying the chiefe Riuer. For the name Cathay to bee giuen by the Tartars to China, Goez his Iourney hath made it out of doubt; also that Pequin is Cambalu, that is, the Citie of the King. I doe conceiue that Polos Mangi was the nine Southerne Prouinces of China; the Northerly before conquered was knowne by the name of Cathay; a name by the Tartars gi∣uen to diuers Countreyes, as Cara Catay and Catay Calay and Great Catay. This Great Catay is China.

Polo and other Authors speake of Cathay and Mangi as two; perhaps the Tartars so accoun∣ting them; the one, to wit, the North parts being formerly subject to them, and called by their [ 30] ancient name, the other called Mangi in contempt; as the Romanes called the subiect Britaines of this Iland by their former name, and the others Picts and Barbarians; and as our Ancestors called those Britons which withstood them Walsh or Welch in a kind of disgrace. Nay still the Northerne Chinois call the Southerne Mangines, that is, rude or barbarous, as the Iesuites haue taught vs. But neither Cathay, nor Mangi, was then the name which they assumed, but was giuen them by the Tartars, as China is a name vnknowne to them now. If any will find no o∣ther Cambalu, nor Cathay but Pequin and China, I will not contend, though my Reasons else∣where giuen out of Polo,* 1.17 and Chaggi Memet, and others, with the former Relations of Pinto and Alhacen, make me scrupulous, and still to beleeue some greater Prince or Can with his Cam∣balu or Court in the more Northerly parts of Asia, then the Iesuits could learne of; which the [ 40] China iealousie, admitting no entercourse of Strangers, and the many quarrelling. Tartar Prin∣ces in the way haue concealed from vs hitherto.

The great blacke space on the North-west hath in the Originall certayne Characters in it which expresse it: whether it intendeth Mountayns which their Art could no better expresse, and the Riuers thence running may import; or that sandy Desert on the North-west, I cannot so well determine. The Iesuits say, that ab occasu qui Aquiloni vicinior est, conterminus visitur a∣renae sitientis ager, qui multorum dierum penuria aduenarum exercitus ab Sinarum Regno aut deterret, aut sepelit. I rather thinke that it is Cara Catay or Blacke Catay, before often mentioned, both Mountaynous, and Desert, and perhaps coloured blackish, as the name intimates, by black sands, or as health grounds with vs: it was the first Tartarian Conquest, and beginning of the greatest greatnesse which this World hath yeelded; the Countrey before of Presbyter Ioannes A∣siaticus. [ 50]

The wall is in this forme in the original, not in the Picture made vp of Mountaynes, wherein I thinke they had not art to imitate Nature; the Art in the whole Map much resembling our old Maps, of wooden prints, saue that I see not one Mountaine presented in swelling fashion to the Eye. The Ilands are very many with their Characters, but poorely delineated, their names here omitted for their vncertaynties: so little (and yet how much more then any other?) doe wee giue you of China, till Time giue vs more. The degrees are not so perfectly accommodated to the Map, by reason that we must at once follow the Chinian Map which had no degrees (nor could their Art without degrees giue euery place his iust longitude or latitude) and the Iesuits Rules: yet we haue comne somewhat neere, as may be seene. Other things appeare in the History. [ 60]

Notes

• * 1.1

  T••m. 1. l. 4. c. 1. & 2. & 3.
• * 1.2

  The Chinois iealous of Strangers.
• * 1.3

  Benefit of this Map in confu∣ting others.
• * 1.4

  Coray no Iland.
• * 1.5

  Perhaps this is Sciansi.
• n 1.6

  These leagues seeme doubt∣full. Pequin.
• o 1.7

  This note of degrees is false, if the Ie∣suits be true: and I thinke rather ••he guesse of the Portugall In∣terpreter, then that there was any such note in the Map. For the Chinois were scarsly so good Cosmo∣graphers to obserue de∣grees.
• p 1.8

  Sciantum.
• q 1.9

  Honan·
• r 1.10

  Or Quicheu. Nannuin.
• * 1.11

  Iac•••• Con••••ell••∣tionum.
• * 1.12

  Trig. Epist. Note of Soul∣diers Peeces. Pantoia mista∣ken, perhaps the Printers fault.

  Pictures.
• * 1.13

  Prouinces and their names.
• * 1.14

  Three or 4. to the South-west.

  Degrees.
• * 1.15

  Quian.
• * 1.16

  Mandeuile & o••hers speake of the irregula∣ritie of Cara∣moran.
• * 1.17

  P. Pil. l. 4. c. 12. §. 2.