Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

[ 10] §. IIII. Their manifold rites in Salutations, Entertaynments, and other Ciuilitie: to the King and Magistates: Of Buryals and Marriages, Birth∣dayes; their Men, Women, Names and Games, Habites.

COurtesie or Ciuilitie, is reckoned one of their fiue Cardinall vertues,* 1.1 much commeded in their Bookes. (Their common Rites yee haue had largely in Pantoia.) When greater re∣spect is vsed, as after long absence, or on a Solemne day, after the common bowing, [ 20] both fall on their knees with the forehead to the ground, and then rise and downe a∣gaine in like sort three or foure times. When they doe this reuerence to a Superiour, hee stands at the head of the Hall, or sits, and at all those prostations ioyning his hands, bowes a little and sometime for greater modestie hee goeth to the side of the Hall, whose head is Northwards as the doore is Southwards. The same rites they performe to their Idols; and sometimes as the Seruants to their Master, or the meanest of the people to honourable persons,* 1.2 which is presently to kneele and knock the ground thrice with their forehead: they stand at his side when their Ma∣ster speakes, and kneele at euery answer. When one speakes to another, they vse not the second person, nor the first person when they mention themselues, except to their inferiour,* 1.3 and haue as many formes of depressing themselues, as of exalting others, the lowliest of which is to call a [ 30] mans selfe by his proper name, in stead of (I.) When they speake any thing of another mans, they vse a more honourable forme; Of their owne, or theirs, a more modest: which a man must learne both for manners sake, and to vnderstand their meaning.

The Visitors send their Libels or papers of visitation, so many that the Porter is faine to keepe a note of their names, and where they dwell, lest wee should forget;* 1.4 and if the partie to bee visi∣ted be not at home or at leasure, that libell is left with the Porter for a testimonie. The more honourable the Visitor, the larger hee writes his name. In sending Presents they vse like libel∣ling; setting downe also each gift in a line by it selfe, part of which may bee sent backe without offence, which is done with a like libell of thankes. They often send money or pieces of Gold for presents. They haue Garments proper for visitations. The chiefe place in both Royall Courts, [ 40] is giuen to Strangers, most remote especially, which made vs commonly to bee preferred. The seruant, when they are set, brings as many little Cups of Cia as are Guests. When they part, neere the Hall doore, they reiterate their bowings, then at the Doore, and at the passing out,* 1.5 and after they are in their Chayre or on Horsebacke, againe without doores; and lastly, a Seruant is sent after in his Masters name, to salute them, and they send their seruants like∣wise to resalute.

Their Banquets are not so much commessations as Compotations; for although their Cups be as little as Nut-shels, yet they drinke often.* 1.6 Their Ciuill and Religious affayres are therein han∣dled, besides the demonstration of kindnesse. In eating they haue neither Forkes, nor Spoones, nor Kniues; but vse small smooth stickes, a palme and a halfe long,* 1.7 wherewith they put all meats [ 50] to their mouthes, without touching them with their fingers. They bring all things to the Ta∣ble cut in little pieces, except it bee of softer condition, as Egges, Fish, and such things as their stickes will diuide. They vse to drinke hot, euen in hottest weather, whether their Cia-decocti∣on, or Wine, or Water: which it seemeth is profitable to the Stomacke; for they liue long,* 1.8 and are strong at seuentie or eightie yeeres: Neither is any of them troubled with the Stone,* 1.9 which I suppose is occasioned by our cold drinke. When any is Inuited, a Libell is sent a day or more dayes (if it bee to a solemne Banquet) before, signifying, that the Inuiter hath prepared a Banquet of Hearbs, and hath washed his Cups, that at such a day and houre (which commonly is neare night) hee may heare and learne somewhat of him: At the day they send another like Libell (on [ 60] the out-side of these Libels, there is a red paper added with the more honourable Name of the in∣uited, which the Chinois vse besides their proper name) in the morning to each Guest, and a

third at the houre. Their furniture is not Hangings (whereof they haue no vse) but Pictures, Flowers, Vessels; to each Guest his Table, and sometimes two to one, the one before the other. These Tables are some Cubits long and broad, but more in length, and couered with a cloath as our Altars. The Seats shine with their Varnish, adorned also with Pictures and Gold. The first entertainment is with Cia in the Hall: and thence they goe to the Feasting-roome. Before they sit downe, the Inuiter salutes the principall Guest with a low courtesie, and holding a cup of Wine: then goeth to the doore or porch, and first making a low courtesie, turning his face to the South, powres out that cup on the ground, offering it to the Lord of Heauen, and bowing downe againe, returneth, and filling another cup goeth to that principall Guest, and bowing sa∣lutes him in the place in which the rites of salutation are vsed: and then they goe together to [ 10] the Table where the chiefe Guest must sit. The midst of it is the chiefe place; there with both his hands he sets a dish with great veneration, and taking the two stickes (which vsually are of Ebonie, or Iuorie tipped with Gold or Siluer, where they touch the meate) layes them by, and taking a seat, brusheth it with his sleeues lightly, and sets it in the middest; after which both goe backe and bow themselues in the middest of the Roome. Thus hee doth to euery one, placing the second on the left hand, the third on the right. Lastly, hee which shall haue the chiefe roome receiueth of his seruant the Inuiters Dish and Cup,* 1.10 and bids Wine to be filled, and together with the other Guests and the Inuiter, boweth downe and placeth the Dish on his Ta∣ble (which is placed in the lower part of the Hall, with his backe to the South, and face to the chiefe Table) with the stickes and seat, as he had done before to him; and then all goe againe to [ 20] their place, with great ceremonie, to fit them better with both hands, he to whome the rite is done, standing by the side of the doer with his hands in his sleeues, and modestly bowing with thanks. They wash neither before nor after. After all this, they performe the last rite of inclina∣tion to the Inuiter together,* 1.11 and then each to other, and then sit downe. When they drinke, the Inuiter with both hands takes the Cup in the Dish, and lightly lifting it vp, and then letting it down inuites them to drinke, all turning to him at the same time, and beginning to drinke, or to sip rather, foure or fiue times setting it to his mouth, not as we vse with one continued draught. After the first Cup the Dishes are brought in, of which the Inuiter beginning, all with their stickes apply a bit or two to their mouthes, diligently obseruing, not to lay downe their stickes before the principall Guest hath layd downe his: and then the seruants fill his, and after euery [ 30] mans Cup, with hot Wine: and the same rite is againe and againe repeated, but more sipping then eating. Mean-while some discourse, or Comedie, or Musike continue. The grace of their Feast is variety, a little of each, Flesh also and Fish mixed, taking off nothing, but setting one Dish on another like Castles and Towers. Bread, and Rice (which there supplyes our Bread) comes not in solemne Banquets. They haue games also, in which the loser is fined to drinke, with others disport. None is compelled to drinke aboue his strength. Their drinke is tipsie, boyled like our Beere. Their solemne Banquets last all night, the remainders giuen to the Guests seruants. Neere the end of the Feast they change Cups. In eating they are more moderate.

* 1.12The King is obserued with more Rites then any other in the World. None speakes to him but his Eunuches, and those which liue in his Palace, Sonnes and daughters. None of the Magi∣strates [ 40] without the Palace (the Eunuches also haue their degrees) speake to the King but by Petition,* 1.13 and those with so many formes of veneration that none can make them, which is not well exercised,* 1.14 though he be learned. Euery new yeere which beginnes with that New Moone which next precedeth or followeth the Nones of February, out of euery Prouince a Legate is sent to visite the King, which is done more solemnely euery third yeere. Also in euery Citie on euery Change day, all the Magistrates assemble to one place in their Citie, where the Kings Throne and Dragon-ensignes are carued and gilded, often bowing and kneeling before it with peculiar composition of the body to veneration, and wish ten thousand yeers of life to the King. The like is done on his Birth-day yeerely,* 1.15 the Pequin Magistrates and Prouinciall Legates, and the Kings kindred make their appearance there and presents. All also which are named to any [ 50] Office by the King goe to giue thankes to the Throne (for the King is not there) with rites pre∣scribed with habite peculiar to that purpose, with an Iuorie Table couering their mouth as oft as they speake before the King: the King was wont to come forth to a window, with such a Table in his hand, and another on his head, ouer his Crowne hanged, about with threads of gemmes, his face hidden in presence from the beholders.

* 1.16The Kings colour is yellow (forbidden to others) of which his garment is wrought with many golden Dragons, which are carued or painted in all the Palace, and Vessell, and furniture; in the roofe also; whence some haue thought the Tiles to be of Gold or Brasse, being of a yellow Earth, each nayled to the Timber: with Nayles gilded on the heads, that all may appeare yel∣low. It were treason for another to arrogate that colour or Armes, except he bee of the Roy∣all [ 60] linage.

* 1.17The Palace gates are foure, to the foure corners of the World. They which passe by, descend from their Horses or Seats, and goe on foot till they be past, the greatest soonest alight, and that at Nanquin also, where no King hath of long time resided. The gates to the South both inner

and outward are three, the King only going in and out at the middle (which otherwise is shut) others at the other gates on the right and left hand.* 1.18 Their computation of time is onely by the Kings Raigne. Sometimes the King bestoweth a Title on the Parents of the principall Magi∣strates by a certaine writing, made by the Kings Philosophers in the Kings name; esteemed wonderfully, acquired with any cost, and kept in the familie as a thing sacred. The like opinion is of other Titles giuen to Widowes, expressed in two or three Characters,* 1.19 giuen to Widowes which to their old age haue refused second marriages;* 1.20 or to old Men which haue liued an hun∣dred yeeres, and in like cases. They set these Titles ouer their doores. Magistrates also doe the like to their friends. To good Magistrates Arches are erected at publike cost, of Marble:* 1.21 by [ 10] Citizens also to some of their Citizens which haue attayned any notable dignitie. The most precious Artifices thorow all the Kingdome are yeerely sent to the King to Pequin with great costs. The Magistrates of the Kings Citie goe abroad with lesse pompe, on horsebacke;* 1.22 and few of the principall in Seats, and those carried but by foure Porters: all in reuerence of the King. Foure times in the yeere, once a quarter, all the Court Magistrates assemble at the Se∣pulchres of the antient Kings and Queenes, and make there their offerings:* 1.23 giuing the princi∣pall honour to Humvu. They prepare to this solemnitie certaine dayes fasting at home and sur∣ceasing of s••its.

Next to the King they honour their Magistrates, both in formes of words and visitations,* 1.24 to which none aspire but Magistrates; and they which haue beene depriued lose not all honour in [ 20] this kind, but sometimes come forth in their habits, and are respected by their Citie Magistrates. If one bee preferred to another dignity, which hath well executed his Office, they honour him with publike gifts, and reserue his Boots in a publike Chist, with Verses in his praise. To some they erect Temples also, and Altars with Images, and some are deputed to keepe lights there burning, and odours, at publike Rent charge perpetually, with huge Censers of Bell-metall, as they doe to their Idols. Yet doe they distinguish betwixt this and Diuine worship, of their Gods asking many things, whereas these Rites are onely memorials, though many of the vulgar * 1.25 confound them together. Cities are full of such Temples, by friends often ere∣cted to vnworthie men, to which at certaine times they goe and performe kneeling and bowing Rites, and offer Meats. Their Bookes are full of precepts for obseruing Parents with due honour, [ 30] and in outward shew no Nation performes so much. They will not sit ouer against them but on the side, speake to them with great reuerence, they sustaine their poorer Parents with their labour in best manner they are able, and in nothing are more curious then their funerals.* 1.26

The mourning colour is white,* 1.27 and all their habite from the Shooes to the Cap of a strange and miserable fashion. The cause of three yeeres mourning for Parents, is because so long they carried them in armes with so much labour of education: for others as they please, a yeere, or three moneths, as they are in neerenesse: For the King they mourne three yeeres thorow all the Kingdome, and for the Lawfull Queene. Their funerall Rites are written in a Booke which they consult on that occasion, all the parcels of the habite there pictured.* 1.28 When a man of ranke is dead, the Sonne or next Kinsman sends Libels to the friends within three or foure dayes: all the [ 40] Roome is white, with an Altar in the midst, on which they place the Coffin and Image of the dead. Thither all the friends come in mourning one after another, & offer Odors and two Wax-candles on the Altar; whiles they burne, making foure bendings and kneelings, hauing first censed against the Image. The Sonnes stand at the side, and the women behinde, couered with a Curtaine, mourning the while: the Priests also burne Papers and Silkes, with certaine rites to minister Clothes to the deceassed. They abstayne from wonted Beds (sleeping on Straw-beds on the ground neere the Corps) from flesh and other daintier food, Wine, Bathes, companie with their Wiues, Bankets, not going out for certaine moneths, remitting by degrees as the three yeeres expire. On the funerall day the friends are by another Libell inuited,* 1.29 to which they goe in Procession forme, in mourning; many Statues of Men, Women, Elephants, Tigres, Lions, of Paper all going before, diuersified in colour and gilding, which are all burnt before the [ 50] Graue: a long ranke of Idoll Priests, Prayers, and Players on diuers Instruments obseruing di∣uers rites in the way; huge Bell-censers also carried on mens shoulders; after which followes the Herse vnder a huge carued Canopie adorned with Silkes, carried with forty or fifty men. Next the children on foot with staues, and then the women enclosed within a white gestatory Curtaine, that they may not be seene: followed by women of the kindred in mourning Seats. The Graues are all in the Suburbs. If the Sonnes bee absent, the Funerall pompe is deferred till their comming. They bring (if it may bee) the dec••assed in another Countrey to lie by his friends. The Graues are adorned with Epitaphs in Marble magnificently. Thither on certaine dayes yeerely the kindred resort to cense and offer, and make a funerall banquet.

Their Marriages and Spousals are with many rites, done in their youth;* 1.30 the Contracts com∣pounded [ 60] by the Parents without their consent; they obserue equalitie in yeeres and degree in the lawfull Wife. In their Concubines, lust, beauty, price beare sway. The poorer also buy their Wiues, and when they list sell them. The King and his kindred respect onely beauty, Magi∣strates appointed to make the choise. One is his lawfull Wife; the King and his Heire hauing

nine other Wiues a little inferiour, and after them sixe and thirty, which are also called Wiues: his Concubines are more. Those which bring forth Sonnes are more gracious, especially the Mother of the eldest. This is also familiar to other families thorow the Kingdome. Their first Wife sits at Table: others (except in the Royall families) are as Hand-maids, and may not sit, but stand in presence of either of them: their Children also calling that lawfull Wife their Mother,* 1.31 and for her (though not the true Parent) obserue trienniall mourning. In Marriages they are curious not to take any of the same sur-name, of which sur-names there are not a thou∣sand in all that vast Kingdome. Nor may any man frame a new sur-name, but must haue one antient of the Fathers side, except he be adopted into another familie. They respect no affinity or consanguinity in a differing sur-name, and so marrie with the Mothers kindred almost in any [ 10] degree. The Wife brings no portion, and although when shee first goeth to her Husbands house the street-fall of houshold attends her, yet is all prouided by his costs which sends money some moneths before as a gift to her for that purpose.

* 1.32Euery mans Birth-day is festiually celebrated with Presents, Banquets and iollity: especially after the fiftieth yeere explete (at which time they are reckoned amongst old men) and then euery tenth yeere. The Children then procure Emblemes of their friends, and Epigrams, and some write Bookes. That day is also festiuall in which they are of age to take the Mans cap, which is about twenty yeeres,* 1.33 till that time wearing their haire loose. But the first New and Full Moone of the yeere is most generally festiuall; each man then hauing ingeniously deuised Lights or Lamps made of Paper,* 1.34 Glasse, or other matter, the house seeming by the diuersified [ 20] Lights to bee on a light fire. They runne vp and downe also with great stirres in the night with Dragon-fashioned Lights,* 1.35 and make great shewes of Powder-fire-workes.

* 1.36The Chinois are white (but neerer the South more browne) with thinne beards (some ha∣uing none) with staring haires, and late growing; their haire wholly blacke; eyes narrow, of Egge forme, blacke and standing out: the nose very little, and scarcely standing forth; eares meane: in some Prouinces they are square faced. Many of Canton and Quamsi Prouinces on their little toes haue two nailes,* 1.37 as they haue generally in Cachin-china. Their women are all low, and account great beauty in little feet, for which cause from their infancy they bind them straight with clothes, that one would iudge them stump-footed: this, as is thought, deuised to make them house-wiues.* 1.38 The men and women both alike let their haire grow without cutting: [ 30] but Boyes and Girles till they are fifteene yeere old, are cut round, leauing a locke onely on the crowne: after which they let it grow loose ouer their shoulders till twenty. The most of the Priests shaue head and beard euery eighth day. When they are men they binde vp their haire in a Cap or Coife made of horse or mans haire, or in a silken Cawle; and in Winter of wool∣len: on the top it hath a hole, where the haire comes forth, and is tyed in a neate knot. The women weare not this Cap,* 1.39 but binde vp their haire in a knot, and make it vp with a dresse of Gold, Siluer, Stones, and Flowers. They weare Rings on their eares, but not on their fingers.

* 1.40The men and women weare long garments. The men double them on their breast, and fasten them vnder both the arme-holes; the women on the midst of the breast. They weare wide long sleeues; but the womens wider, the mans straighter, at the wrists. Their Caps are artificially [ 40] wrought. Their Shooes are much differing from ours; the men weare them of Silke with di∣uers workes and flowers, exceeding the elegance of our Matrons. Shooes of Leather none but the meaner sort weare; and scarcely admit they Leather soles, but of Cloth. The Caps of their Learned are square, of others, round. Euery one spends halfe an houre at least in combing and trimming his haire. They winde also long clouts about their feet and legs, and therefore weare their Breeches loose. They weare no Shirts, but a white Coat next the skinne, and wash often. They haue a seruant to carrie a Shadow or great Sumbrero ouer their heads against the raine and Sunne; the poore carrie one for themselues.

* 1.41For Names, besides the sur-name of which is spoken, the Father giues one to the Sonne (for females haue no name but the Fathers sur-name, and called as they are borne, first, second, third, [ 50] in order of the Sisters:) by this name they are called by the Father and Elders; others call them likewise from that order amongst the Brethren, as is said of Sisters. They in their wri∣tings call themselues by that which their Father gaue them; but if others either equall or supe∣riour should so call them, it were both vnciuill and iniurious. When a Boy goeth to Schoole his Master giueth him another name,* 1.42 which is called his Schoole-name, whereby onely his Master and Schoole-fellowes may stile him. When he hath his Mans cap put on, and marrieth a Wife, some more honourable person giue••h him a more honourable name,* 1.43 which they call, the Letter: by this any man may call him, but those which are subiect to him. And when he is now at the full growth,* 1.44 he receiueth of some graue person his most honourable name, which they call Great, whereby any may call him present or absent: but his Parents and Elders still vse the Letter-name. [ 60] If any professe a new Sect, his Instructer calls him by a new name, which they call, of Religion.* 1.45 And when one visites another, he will aske what is his Honourable name, to stile him thereby: and we were therefore fayne to take a Greater name then that which we receiued in Baptisme, for them to call vs by.

They are studious of Antiquities: much value old Triuets of Bell metall, Pictures in blacke and white Characters and writings, sealed with the Authors seale (for there are many Counter∣feiters.) The Officers haue all a Seale proper to their place giuen by Humvu,* 1.46 which they vse on∣ly sealing with red colour: and if they lose the Seale they lose the Office, and are besides seuerely punished; and therefore they carry it with them, in a sealed and locked Boxe, and neuer leaue it out of sight, at night keeping it vnder their Pillow. Graue men goe not on foote thorow the streets, but are carryed in a seate closed, except they list to open the fore-part, whereas Magi∣strates seates are euery way open. Matrons seates are altogether closed,* 1.47 but easily knowne from mens by the fashion. The Law forbids Coaches and Litters. Some Cities are in the midst of Ri∣uers and Lakes, in which they haue very neate Boates to passe the streets. And because they goe [ 10] more by water then ours, therefore there Shipping is more conuenient and elegant. But the Magistrates, built by publike cost are as commodious as Houses, with diuers Lodgings, a Hall, Kitchin, Cells, so neate as seeming Great mens houses, rather then Ships; and therefore they make their solemne Banquets a Ship-board, passing along the Riuers and Lakes for further plea∣sure. All within shines with Ciaram or shining Vernish in diuers colours, and the Carued workes gilded in places, with combined sweetes to the Eyes and Nose. They honour their Masters more then with vs,* 1.48 so that if a man haue beene anothers Scholler but one day in a∣ny Art, hee calls him Master euer after, and neuer sits in any meeting but at his side, and doth him all honour.

Dice-play and Cards are common with them: Chesse also with the grauer persons, not alto∣gether [ 20] vnlike ours: but their King neuer remoues but to the foure next roomes,* 1.49 and the Bishops haue their Queenes. They haue also which they call Poulder paunes, which goe before the Knights and follow the Paunes. They haue a graue Game in a table of three hundred roomes with two hundred men white and blacke, in which Magistrates spend much time, and the cun∣ning skill whereof gets much credit to a man, although hee can doe nothing else: and some chuse such their Masters with wonted rites. Theft is not punished with Death:* 1.50 the second fault therein, is branded with an hot Iron and Inke in the Arme, with two Characters, the third time in the Face, after with their terrible Whipping or condemning to the Gallies, for a time limit∣ted: so that there are abundance of Theeues. Euery night in Cities, many Watchmen at cer∣tayne times beate Basons as they walke the streets, the streets also enclosed and shut, yet many [ 30] thefts are committed, the Foxe being the Gooseherd, and the Watch partners with the Theefe. The Cities in greatest Peace in the midst of the Kingdome, are shut euery Night, and the Keyes carryed to the Gouernour.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Cap. 7. Courtesie in mutuall vene∣ration and cir∣cumspect be∣hauiour to o∣thers.
• * 1.2

  Side-reue∣rence.
• * 1.3

  Respect of per∣sons.

  See Thaosos E∣pistle. sup. 344
• * 1.4

  Visi••ing one another.
• * 1.5

  Tedious cour∣tesie.
• * 1.6

  China banquet∣ting.
• * 1.7

  Feeding.
• * 1.8

  Hot drinke.
• * 1.9

  The Stone vn∣knowne in Chi∣na, which so tormenteth Europeans, both in the Kidney, Vreters, Blad∣der: this last depriued me of my honorable Patron and best friend, B. King, Anno 1621. and Anno 1622. Master Bifield my neighbour, the painefull Minister at Thi∣stleworth dyed of a Stone, which I weighed, and found (a miracle in Nature) much aboue 32 Ounces, whiles these our China relations are in the Presse; therefore here mentioned. My selfe also hauing stone passions, am therefore not stonie in compassion.
• * 1.10

  The Guests courtesie to the Host.
• * 1.11

  Sipping oft, not drinking one draught.
• * 1.12

  King obserued.
• * 1.13

  Petitions.
• * 1.14

  New yeere. New Moone.
• * 1.15

  Birth-day.
• * 1.16

  Kings colour yellow, Sun∣like.

  Dragons.
• * 1.17

  The Palace and gates.
• * 1.18

  Kings gate. Time. Title.
• * 1.19

  Widowes.
• * 1.20

  Old men,
• * 1.21

  Arches.
• * 1.22

  Pequin.
• * 1.23

  Funerals of Kings.
• * 1.24

  Honour of Magistrates.
• * 1.25

  As in the dou∣lia and latria of Saints worship and that of God.
• * 1.26

  Honour of pa∣rents.
• * 1.27

  See in Pantoia of Funeralls and mour∣nings.
• * 1.28

  Mourning by booke.
• * 1.29

  Buriall.
• * 1.30

  Marriages.
• * 1.31

  Sur-names few. In Eng∣land antiently were few or none. See Cam. Remaines. Affinitie and con••anguinity. Portion.
• * 1.32

  Birth-day.
• * 1.33

  Virilis pileus.
• * 1.34

  Candlemas.
• * 1.35

  Fire-workes.
• * 1.36

  Cap. 8. Chinois persons descri••ed.
• * 1.37

  Women.
• * 1.38

  Haire.
• * 1.39

  Rings.
• * 1.40

  Apparell.
• * 1.41

  Name-cere∣monies.

  Women haue none.

  Fathers name.
• * 1.42

  Schoole-name.
• * 1.43

  Letter-name.
• * 1.44

  Gr••••t name.
• * 1.45

  Religious name.

  Greater th••n Christian name.
• * 1.46

  Seales of Ma∣gistrates.
• * 1.47

  Seats in which they are carry∣ed on mens shoulders. Boates & ships
• * 1.48

  Masters re∣spect.
• * 1.49

  Games. Chesse.
• * 1.50

  Theft punish∣ment.