Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

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§. III. RVGGERIVS enters againe into China with RICIVS, and is forced backe to Amacao; thence sent for againe by the Vice-roy. Sande and Almeida are sent to them, and enter the Countrey as farre as Ce∣quion, and returne to Sciauchin.

IT is a custome in China, that of all Charters granted by the Magistrates a copie is kept in the Registrie, and the execution, or what hath therein beene done, subscribed at the end. The succeeding Vice-roy finding the copie of that Charter granted to the Iesuites [ 30] at their departure, without such subscription (because nothing had beene done there∣in) wrote to Canton, to the Aitao; he (which then was absent) to the Ansam or Hiam-xan, the Gouernour of the Citie, and he being ignorant thereof, to the Port-gouernours at Amacao. They went to the Bishop, and by him were sent to our Colledge where they were shewed the sealed Charter: but there being then Melchior Carnerus Patriarch of Ethiopia (which expedition was dissolued) Capralis, Gomez, Pasius, and other principall Iesuites, it was thought fit,* 1.1 that it should not be deliuered to the Souldiers, but carried by two Iesuites to the Aitao: and Rugge∣rius with Ricius were therein employed, the China Captaines also consenting that they should goe to Ansan, thence by the Ci-hien or Gouernour, to be sent to Canton.* 1.2 This Ci-hien when they [ 40] came thither would haue sent it and not them, which they refused, whereupon he grew angry, cast it on the ground, and commanded them to returne backe; saying, that a deposed Vice-royes grant could no way benefit them. They went to their Inne, and there consulted to goe without his leaue, deceiuing a Ship-master with sight of the said Charter, who tooke them into his ship; but terrified by others, cast them out againe with their goods. At this time came a message to the Ci-hien of his Fathers death, whereupon (according to the China Custome) he lost his office and returned home during his three yeere•• mourning. They by this occasion, and a weightier cause, (money giuen to the Successour) and the Notaries subtiltie in a seeming seruice to the Common-wealth, were sent in manner as prisoners to Canton, as strangers found there.

The Aitao notwithstanding gaue them kinde entertaynment. They petitioned, shewing,* 1.3 that they were Religious men which had passed so many Seas allured by the fame of China, there to spend [ 50] their dayes: and desired nothing but a small piece of ground to raise thereon a little house to the Lord of Heauen, and they would be further burthensome to none, but procure liuelihood of their owne mens bene∣uolence. They mentioned nothing of Christian Religion, lest it might cause suspicion, and bee a let to them; the Chinois thinking too well of themselues, that strangers should teach them a∣ny thing, which they haue not already more complete in their owne Bookes. Rebellions haue also begunne vnder colour of new Sects. The Aitao or high Admirall commended their desires, but said, it belonged to higher Magistrates, and could onely bee granted by the Ciai-yuen (the Visitour of the Prouince) or the Vice-roy.* 1.4 They desired that hee would at least let them stay there in the Palace of the King of Siams Legates, till the Portugals Mart came, and in meane [ 60] time they would trye what they could doe with the Visitour or Vice-roy. This hee granted, but the same day repeated, professing that he feared the Visitor (if out of Mart-time he should finde st••angers there) whose censure is dreadfull to euery Magistrate. He therefore commanded them presently to packe for Amacao. They were comne backe to Ansan, and found things in worse case then before. For at the gates of the Citie they found an Edict set vp by Co the

new Vice-roy, blaming the China Interpreters which had put into the heads of Stranger-priests to learne the China language and Characters, and to desire some place for to erect a sacred and priuate house,* 1.5 threatning those interpreters if they persisted. In this dispayre of proceeding, they had not beene a weeke gone, when from Sciauquin, the seate of the Vice-roy, one of his guard came to Amacao and brought the Ci-fu, (so they call the Gouernour of that Prouince) his Letters Patents by the Vice-royes authoritie, inuiting the Fathers to Sciauquin, there to receiue a piece of ground for a Church and dwelling house. The cause hereof was an offer made by the Fathers (when they were sent away from Sciauchin, by the deposed Vice-roy to Canton) of a summe of money to any which should procure of the New Vice-roy license for their returne. One of the meanest Souldiers in name of Interpreter to the Societie had put vp a Petition to the Vice-roy, who sent it to the Gouernour of the Region called Guam-puon, of Cequion Prouince) [ 10] to bee dispatched, who gaue the former Letters Patents to the Souldier, which brought them himselfe to Macao. They with great ioy, as seeing the Diuine hand herein, made ready for the iourney,* 1.6 which the former expenses and late Ship-wrackes (especially of the Iapon Ship in the Ile Leuquiceo, which alone hath most of the wealth of the Citie in it) made difficult; but Gaspar Viegas charitably bestowed the expense, seconded also by others.

Thus full of hope they set sayle, and in Canton, both now and when before they were dismis∣sed from Sciauquin, they found Spaniards. Then, a Ship which from the Philippinas was bound for New Spaine,* 1.7 was wracked at the Ile Nan-tau, on the Canton coast; the men which escaped were kept in durance: And now, seuen or eight Franciscan Friars, which had gone from the same [ 20] Philippinas for Cauchinchina, hearing the King was become a Christian, and in their returne were wracked on the Ile Hainan, and taken and spoyled, and presented to the Magistrates for Pirats, whose libertie these Iesuites procured,* 1.8 promising all recompence at Amacao. Hence they had set foorth in the beginning of September, 1583. and in the same moneth came to Sciauquin, in that Souldiers companie, by whom they were conueyed to the Gouernours Palace, and kneeling be∣fore him made request as in the Souldiers mentioned Petition had beene contayned, and were kindly answered, that they should goe about the Citie and spye out some conuenient place for their purpose,* 1.9 which hee doubted not to procure of the Vice-roy for them.

At the same time at Sciauquin, they were erecting by the common charge of the Eleuen Ci∣ties of that Iurisdiction, a Tower (whereof one floore was now raysed, to which they intended [ 30] to adde nine others aboue it) in a pleasant place by the Riuers side, a myle and more from the Citie,* 1.10 the Suburbes continuing further then it. In the same place they set foorth a Temple, and therein erected a Statue to the Gouernour, whose sixe yeeres gouernment had well deserued of the learned, and of the vulgar. A piece of that field in which the flourishing Tower (so they called it) was building, they desired, which hee liked well, and promised to further them with the Vice-roy.* 1.11 The Iesuites at their former departure, had left an Altar with one Ciu Nico, who had placed the same in a conuenient place, for want of Images inscribing aboue, it Thien Chu in Cu∣bicall letters, that is, To the Lord of Heauen. Hee made also thereunto diuers Incenses, and at set times yeelded diuine honors before it; which much reioyced the Fathers, seeing that there was one found which inuoked the true God. And this man gaue them entertaynment, till they had [ 40] receiued the Vice-royes answer, app••ouing their request; and the next day the Gouernour set foorth a plot of ground for them with straight caution to obserue the Lawes of China, and to ad∣mit no Strangers companions to dwell with them; which they promised. Much was the con∣course and admiration of people, much the wonder at their triangle Glasse, the Image of our La∣die, a wrought Handkerchiffe, with which they presented the Gouernour; but hee returned all afterward,* 1.12 fearefull of Bribe-imputation. Much trouble arose about that place, and another was assigned them, where they began to build and were forced to pawne their precious triangle Glasse, to fit it for their vse; they obtayned also an ample Charter from the Vice-roy, and two Patents from the Gouernour which protected them from wrongs.

In these beginnings they made little mention of the Gospell, but imployed their spare time [ 50] in learning the Language and Characters, by a Holy life seeking to insinuate themselues into the peoples good liking. Their habite was like the modestest of the Chinois, a long Gowne with large sleeues: Their house had two Cells, and betwixt them a Hall with an Altar in the midst, on which they set the Image of the Blessed Virgin,* 1.13 carrying her Sonne. They called their God, Thien-cui, Lord of Heauen; for the Chinois want the D. which caused that they could not giue any name more fit: and this name continueth to this day, although they vse others also, as Highest Ruler of all,* 1.14 First beginning of all, and the like. The blessed Virgin is called the Great Mo∣ther of God. This Image on the Altar, all which visited them both Magistrates, Students, Priests, and common people, did religiously worship, kneeling and (after their rite) knocking lightly the ground with their fore-heads. They admired the excellencie of the Picture and colours [ 60] without ceasing. But when it began to bee rumoured, that they worshipped a Woman for God, they tooke away that Picture and substituted the Image of Christ. After this, they painted the ten Commandements in the China language, which many approued. Some brought them In∣cense for holy vses, and some bestowed their Almes; others also Oyle for the Lampe which bur∣ned

before the Altar; and the Fathers commended their Law, as agreeing to the light of Nature. The first which was Baptised, was a poore diseased man cast foorth by his parents,* 1.15 whom they instructed, and a little before his death baptised. The reliefe which they bestowed on him be∣fore, caused a rumour amongst the vulgar, that those Strangers knew by the mans complexion,* 1.16 that hee had a precious stone in his head, the cause of all that benificence. The Chinois much ad∣mired the Bookes, of which the Fathers had store, the artificiall binding, gilding, cost, goodli∣nesse of the Print, and their studiousnesse in the China bookes; and receiued with great applause a Booke of Christian learning which they printed. Yea, the Gouernour after the China rite would needs doe them publike honour,* 1.17 which is done by sending a goodly Table with Cubitall [ 10] letters in praise of them, with the Magistrates name, and the date inscribed in lesse letters. Two of these with great pompe hee sent vnto them, the one to bee set ouer the entrance with inscrip∣tion, The house of the flowre of Diuine men; the other to bee placed in the Hall, inscribed, The holy Nation of the West: which wanne them great reputation, this Magistrate being much re∣puted for learning and vertue.

Our wants caused Ruggerius to intreat leaue to goe to Amacao for supply, which hee obtay∣ned with a faire Ship and thirtie Rowers. The Gouernour requested also, that a Clocke might bee made for him. But the pouertie of the Amacaons, their Ship not being come from Iapon, and the Colledge enioying no Rents, caused him to send the workman to Sciauquin, to make it there; which hee tooke in good part. Now the Chinois are a people suspicious of Strangers, especially [ 20] those ruder parts of the Prouince of Canton, and much muttered at the Portugals Commerce,* 1.18 say∣ing, they made all things dearer, and the profit came but to few. They gaue an odious appella∣tion to the Portugals, calling them Deuils. To this, Fame had added a spurre, reporting that their famous Tower was the worke of Strangers, (which had no ground but that their house was building at the same time) and the Flourishing Tower, was stiled the Strangers Tower.* 1.19 They there∣fore in Ruggerius absence offered great abuses by throwing stones, being angrie that they kept their house shut, which they would haue had made an Idoll Temple, alway open to all. One boy in throwing stones, was taken by the seruant and brought in, but at others request soone dismissed. Hereupon two neighbours conspired, to set a fellow on worke to accuse these stran∣gers for seducing Children, as they had done this youth his brother,* 1.20 (so they agreed) and kept [ 30] him three dayes, with intent to sell him for a Slaue at Amacao. The two neighbours offered to bee witnesses hereof. The accusation was put vp in pittifull manner, and the Gouernour much moued, the Father fetched into Court by an Officer, before hee could haue leasure to write his answer. The Interpreter had filled his sleeues with stones, which hee powred out in Court as witnesses of their abuses. The Iudge smelt the businesse,* 1.21 and by examination of the Tower work-man which had seene it, found out the knauerie, and rewarded it with terrible whipping; and forbad all abuses to bee offered to them.

Ricius his skill in the Mathematickes which hee had learned, being an Auditor of Clauius at Rome, was no small helpe to them. They had a Cosmographicall Map in Europaean Characters,* 1.22 hanging in their Hall, which the learned beheld with great pleasure, much desiring to see it in [ 40] China characters, little knowing, as little hauing to doe with the rest of the world. They had Maps pretending a Description of the world, but presented onely their fifteene Prouinces, with the Sea and a few Ilands, and the names of such Kingdomes as they had heard of, all which King∣domes scarcely equalled one Prouince of China.* 1.23 They now wondred much to see themselues straightned in an Easterne corner of the world, and Ricius at the Gouernours request, published it in China characters: and inserted, as hee saw cause, the rites of the world and the Christian holies. They haue a conceit, that the Heauens are round, the Earth square,* 1.24 and their Empire to bee seated in the midst thereof; hee therefore so proiected his Description, that he presented China in the midst. They that before thought basely of all other men,* 1.25 as if else-where were no King, nor Republike, nor Bookes, began to be better conceited of Europaeans, and to bee bet∣ter [ 50] prepared for the seed of the Gospell: and might hereby also lesse feare Europaean forces so remote from them. This worke hee often reuised and corrected, till it came at last both to the two Royall Cities, and to the Kings house. The workeman at the same time fini∣shed the Clocke, and both were together presented to the Gouernour, who at his owne cost published the Map, and soone after restored the Clocke, because hee had none which knew how to order it.

The Ship comming from Iapon, Ruggerius well releeued returned,* 1.26 whereby the house was fi∣nished, their debts payed, and the building with stories, the disposition of the windowes, furni∣ture, faire situation on the Riuer with goodly prospect, and Europaean rarities, brought many, e∣uen great Magistrates, to behold it. Ricius proceeded to make Spheares of Brasse and Iron;* 1.27 hee [ 60] Printed also Globes, and made Sunne-dyals, which hee gaue to the Magistrates. And by his le∣ctures on these subiects, he got reputation of the best Astrologer in the world, they esteeming o∣thers by themselues. The Gouernour was about this time aduanced to a higher Dignitie,* 1.28 called Lin-si-tau, hauing the rule of two or three Regions and all the Townes therein, not remoouing from Sciauquin: and as the Chinois are superstitious obseruers of Auguries, he conceiued that he

prooued the luckier man by this familiaritie with our men, which hee signified when they came to him, with a present to gratulate these honours.

In the Philippinas the newes of the Iesuites successe caused the Gouernour to send the Treasurer Iohn Baptista Romanus to Amacao,* 1.29 with Father Alfonso Sancius a Spanish Iesuite, with a Watch and other presents and letters to the Iesuites, to procure an Ambassage from the King of Spaine to China. The Iesuites had with petitioning brought the businesse to good forwardnesse, when they receiued contrary mandates from Amacao, it being likely to prooue the destruction of that Citie, if the Spaniards with their plentie of Siluer from Peru and New Spaine, should haue trade in China; neither did this belong to the Spaniards, but to the Portugals, according to the Com∣position betwixt the two Kings made by Alexander the sixth: and although they are both sub∣iect now to one Crowne, yet their priuiledges remayne distinct without confusion. Thus both [ 10] the Magistrate aduised, and their superiour the Rector prohibited them to proceed. Yet the for∣mer working was not ceased by Silence, till the Amacaon Magistrates laboured with diuers reasons to diuert the Ambassage. Capralis the Rector was desirous to see their house, and they procured the Linsitaus leaue, so that hee came thither, viewed all, and Baptised both the young-man before mentioned which kept the Altar, and a learned man which read the China Bookes to the Fathers, this called Paul, the other Iohn, the first China Conuerts. Valignanus made Pro∣uinciall of India, hearing of this successe, sent thither Father Edward Sande, and Father Antonie Almeida: and obtained of the Vice-roy Edward Menese, an annuall stipend for this mission. They came to Amacao in Iuly, 1585.

At the same time it seasonably hapned, that Linsitau was commanded from the Court, to pro∣cure [ 20] of the Strangers at Amacao, certaine goodly feathers for the King. He furnished a faire ship and sent Ruggerius thither,* 1.30 and brought with him Father Edward Sande, who went to salute Linsitau, and gaue him no meane gift of our Commodities to procure abode, whereof nothing so pleased him as a triangle Glasse. Hee giues him leaue to stay, on condition that they admit no other companion. In Linsitaus place had succeeded another of Cequion Prouince, a great friend of the Fathers, who being to goe to Pequin about some affayres of his Office euery third yeere, was feasted at our house (where the Magistrates were often solemnly entertayned) and then of∣fered to carrie one of ours with him in his iourney, at least as farre as Cequion his owne Coun∣trey.* 1.31 They willing to erect some new seate, least some disaster might in a moment strip them [ 30] easily of one and all, agreed that Ruggerius and Sand•• should goe, and receiued licence for entring the Prouinces of Cequian and Huquan, and places adioyning. This was the Mart time whither Ruggerius went, and found Almeida come thither with the Portugals. Thither also a Brother of Lusitau was gone with much Merchandise of Silke, (the most whereof is made in the Cequian Prouince) which the Portugals bought at his price by the Fathers intreatie, who therefore tooke the Fathers, his brothers friends, to his Citie in Cequian, called Sciauhin, (a name some∣what neere the other, but in China a little difference prooueth great) the natiue place of both the Gouernours.

The Chinois haue a custome to be called by many names, and no man calls them by their pro∣per name,* 1.32 (but themselues in naming or writing themselues, or somtimes their superiours) with∣out [ 40] iniurie: they taking a greater name, which others giue them for more honour. Now the Fa∣thers had yet assumed no other name, but their seruants called them by their proper name, a thing amongst the Chinois reputed barbarous. They therfore (to become all things to all, to winne all to Christ) then followed that fashion, and euer since at their first entrance assume a new Name. Their Iourney is thus written by Almeida.

* 1.33On the eleuenth of the Kalends of December, 1585. wee departed from Canton. The third day the Ship happened to bee on fire, some imputing that vnluckinesse to vs: but without much harme it was quenched. Whiles wee sayled through the Canton Prouince, wee seldome came in sight and neuer want out of the Ship till wee came to Moylimpor. I can therefore relate nothing of that Prouince, but that there were very many Cities, and Townes very frequent, and steepe high Mountaines, betwixt which that [ 50] Riuer slideth to diuers tracts of the Prouince stored with waters, Wares and Shipping. Euery where wee beheld sumptuous Aedifices dedicated to the worship of Deuils, and of Ships almost infinite multitude, and of water-Fowle innumerable store, and herds of Goats feeding by the Woods, to the seuenth of the Ides of December.* 1.34 Then wee arriued at Moilim a Citie, neere which is the beginning of that Riuer, whose course being swift, wee were drawne by ropes and rowed with Oares against it. Into this Citie wee should hardly haue found admission, the passage being by a Bridge with two Iron chaynes, opened onely and shut at the will of the Gouernour. But our Conductor hauing acquaintance with the Linsitau, wee had present entrance,* 1.35 hardly able to passe for the multitude of Ships, there wayting. Wee were there well enter∣tayned, and on Sunday and Munday sayd Masse. On Tuesday wee went to a Citie eight miles distant, there regaizing the commoditie of another Riuer. All that way was paued with stones; in which we passe [ 60] a Mountaine, on the top whereof was an arch with an inscription of his name, who had facilitated that way, otherwise difficult. The weather was vnseasonable, rainie and cold, perhaps because the whole way in manner was Mountainous.* 1.36 I doe not remember that euer I saw way so frequented, not then when Mer∣chants resort to publike Faires: for all the Merchandise from Nanquin, and the places adioyning are

brought hither. Also the Merchants which inhabit the remotest Cities in that way, on both sides had Part∣ners for the conueying of their Wares, very fitly; for our Conductor had nothing to doe but to deliuer one hundred and fiftie Packes of Wares with other prouisions for the way, to his Hoast,* 1.37 which all hee should find in his Inne in the next Towne. These Partners also prouide Horses for the Seruants and Seats for the Masters to bee carried in by two Porters defended from the Raine by Sumbreros, or Shadowes which they carrie in their hands. When hee had passed halfe the way, wee changed our Seats and Porters, and had others to the Inne; to these nothing is due but some small gratuitie, the Hoast beeing paid for all: and a Seat is at as easie a rate here, as a Horse in our Countrey, with great commoditie and frequen∣cie of Innes. In the Euening we came to the Towne Faquen, and staid there two dayes,* 1.38 such concourse of Citizens comming to see vs, that we were almost ouer-whelmed, and were glad to get a ship-board on [ 10] Friday. On Saturday we sailed downe the streame, fifteene dayes continuing our course, in which wee hi∣red three Barkes, in one of which we only were carried. On both Bankes many and faire Townes walled about, present themselues to the view of Passengers, seeming as bigge as Canton,* 1.39 which made mee me∣ditate of the facilitie of conueying the Gospell in these parts, we making all this way with as great tran∣quilitie of bodie and minde, that wee might in the ship pray or studie and doe other things as commo∣diously, as at home.

On the sixteenth of the Kalends of Ianuary, we came to a most frequent Citie far greater then Can∣ton, where the Tutan or Vice-roy of the Prouince Chiansi resideth.* 1.40 It is high walled diuided into three parts, a Riuer flowing thorow with a Bridge of Barkes, ioyning two parts of the Citie. On this Bridge customes are paid, but our Conduct being the Lancitau•• Brother passed without search. And although [ 30] we feared to be examined by the Magistrate, yet no man troubled vs, they being not so inquisitiue in o∣ther parts as in Canton Prouince, about strangers: yea, they entertayne them more honourably euery∣where then your Worship at Xauchin. About halfe a mile from this Bridge another Riuer ioyneth with this, which runneth by the other side of the Citie, and makes the third part of the Citie. I wished the Fathers a Colledge in this place both for the fertilitie of the soyle and holsomnesse of the Aire. Hauing prouided necessaries for the rest of our Iourney in this Citie, wee went aboard and in the space of sixe or seuen dayes going downe the streame, we beheld on both sides very goodly Woods, and many Piles of wood on the Bankes necessary for those cold Regions, and holding on our course passed by seuen Cities, or more, famous for greatnesse and Merchandise: and on Christmas Euen came to the greatest Citie of all Chiansi, where wee staid that night for that Solemnitie. But hee which then was borne exercised our [ 30] patience with a grieuous North-wind, whereby the Riuer water (otherwise cleere) was so troubled that on Christmas day wee could not drinke it. For the Riuers course is North-ward,* 1.41 which therefore by a North-wind is so moued.

The next day sailing by a Citie which by the sight we iudged greateer then Lisbone, in one dayes pas∣sage further, we came to the way which leads to Nanquin, where diuers Riuers ioyning together make a kind of Crosse with great commoditie for Trade and passage.* 1.42 For a Barke well defended against wind and weather, conuenient for two Gentlemen with their Seruants and baggage, may here be hired for twen∣tie or thirtie dayes, at an easier rate then a man shall pay for Horses from Coimbra to Li••bone. For from Canton to Moilin fifteene dayes iourney, for a ship which carried two hundred Packes of Mer∣chandize of diuers kinds, we paid but nine Iaes, and seuen for those three which wee hired for twentie [ 40] dayes more. After that, leauing the Northerne way which goeth to Nanquin or Lanquin,* 1.43 wee turned West-ward against the streame, yet with benefit of the wind fauoring vs, we went fifteene and sometimes twentie * 1.44 miles a day: in which space sailing by very large fields we arriued at a Citie where faire Por∣celane is made, thence carried into India and Europe. Wee passed by many Woods also and some Cities. The cold meane-while was so great, that one day all was couered with Snow. The Riuer decreased, and on the third of the Nones of Ianuarie, they vnladed the Merchandise into ten lesse Boates, and sailed two dayes, wee came to a large Citie, to which wee had entry by a Bridge borne vp with fiftie painted Barkes.

On the Nones of Ianuary wee came to Gouli, a Citie at the end of our Nauigation by that Riuer. Here in celebrating Masse wee were thronged by the multitude. And a Priest of the Idols inuited vs, [ 50] which then performed to his Idols Ceremonies at his House, Altars there erected, & Priests inuited,* 1.45 & Hymnes vsed, where he and those Bonzi vsed vs kindly. Here wee obserued that the Deuill counterfei∣ted the Ceremonies of the Catholike Church. We went thence by the foot way carried in portable seats as before sixe or seuen miles: and then entred the Prouince of Ciquion, at the Sun-set entring the Citie Cuixion.* 1.46 On the Ides of Ianuarie we againe went a ship-board holding our course by another Riuer which in that Citie first beginneth to be Nauigable, the slow streame lingring with vs three dayes, in which yet we saw eight Cities, about which we found vnmeasurable quantitie of Oranges, very high Hils abounding with Trees and vnder-woods,* 1.47 betwixt which that pleasant Riuer sweetly slides, receiuing from euery place new Tributes of waters that it prooueth now as large as that of Canton Prouince. And [ 60] although China haue name of fertilitie, yet here appeared some prints of Iaponian sterilitie. For in fiue dayes space we could get nothing but Rapes and Rice, and a little fish. On the eleuenth of the Ka∣lends of February, we passed by a large Citie twice as great as Canton,* 1.48 as those which knew the Region affirmed: for we by reason of Snowes and Mists could see nothing but some high Towres. At Sunne going downe wee came to a Towne, against which a Bow-shot distant on the other side of the Riuer, wee

were forced to take a new ship, and causing our ship to bee drawne (a light hanged out at the Mast) the next morning we came to the Citie Ciquion, the end of our iourney. In this Citie, which as Father Ro∣gers (or Ruggerius) is wont to say,* 1.49 is a type and representation of Venice, God hath prouided vs of a good House, on one side hauing the Citie, on the other the Riuer for prospect, with conuenient Roomes and a Garden, and a fit place for a Chappell. On both sides of vs dwell Idolatrous Priests, which yet vse vs kindly, and daily come to heare our Doctrine, as doe others in great multitudes, that we cannot yet auoide their frequent concourse to heare and see vs. To the chiefe of them we shewed our Altar erected to the Immortall God, which they beheld with great reuerence, worshipping the Image of our Sauiour. And the greatest Magistrates were so affected with our Christian Ceremonies, that they said they would not suffer vs to depart. Some of them inuited and entertayned Father Rogers: one of them of farre [ 10] greater ranke then the Gouernour of the Citie, who then mourned for his Mother, and inuited vs by his Steward to her Funerall Solemnitie; whom we answered that our Prayers auayled not but to the wor∣shippers of the true God. He vsed the Father with very great respect, giuing him the higher place at ta∣ble, and accompanying him at the parting to the vtmost gate of his Palace, seeming much delighted with the Mysteries of our Faith. Three others greater then the Gouernour haue comne to visit vs, and others come so frequent that it is troublesome. The Priests also giue vs good lookes, whatsoeuer they thinke. The Aedifices both publike and priuate, the streets and Lanes of the Citie are larger and fairer then in the Citie of Canton. The Citizens also in grauitie of manners, and ciuilitie of Habit, differ not a little from the Inhabitants of Canton and Sciauchin. There is no Citie in Portugall, Lisbone except, that is any way for greatnesse comparable, The singularities I shall write at another time. Ciquion the [ 20] fourth of the Ides of Februarie, 1586.

* 1.50The Prouinciall of India writ to the Generall that at their returne to Xauchin they found fortie Christians added to the Church, which number in those beginnings in the ample and bar∣barous Kingdome of China, may be equalled to fortie thousand Christians in the Iaponian Pro∣uinces: from Goa 14. Kal. Ian. 1587.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Sup. l. 7. in fines
• * 1.2

  Ci-hien a Go∣ue••nour of a Hien or Citie▪
• * 1.3

  Iesuites suppli∣cation.
• * 1.4

  Ciai-yuen or Chaen, Prouin∣ciall Visitour.
• * 1.5

  Money brings the Iesuites to China, and pro∣cures them re∣sidence.
• * 1.6

  Liuqueceo. Viegas bountie.
• * 1.7

  Friars in China, see cap. 3.
• * 1.8

  Anno 1583.
• * 1.9

  Sciauquin tow∣er.
• * 1.10

  Temple and statue to Go∣uernours.
• * 1.11

  Ignoto Deo. Wilde Christi∣anitie.
• * 1.12

  Iesuites build a house, at first meane, after greater.
• * 1.13

  D. wanting to Chinois.
• * 1.14

  Images wor∣shipped.
• * 1.15

  First Baptisme
• * 1.16

  Fancies of the vulgar.
• * 1.17

  Tables of ho∣nour.
• * 1.18

  Chinois in Hos∣pitall.

  Portugals cal∣led Deuils.
• * 1.19

  Tenderd••n stee∣ple.
• * 1.20

  Conspiracie.
• * 1.21

  False accuses truely rewar∣ded.
• * 1.22

  Mathematicks and Map of the world, in∣troduction to the Gospell.
• * 1.23

  Chinois igno∣rant of the world.
• * 1.24

  Ricius his Map.
• * 1.25

  The world v∣shers the Iesuits Gospell.
• * 1.26

  Ruggers r••turn.
• * 1.27

  Sphe••res and Globes.
• * 1.28

  Linsitau Ruler of two or three Diuisions or Hundreds.
• * 1.29

  See that Bull. sup. l. 2. c. 1. Gaine sepa∣rates the sub∣iects of one Crowne, with∣out separation of state. Apply this to the quarrell twixt the English and Dutch in the Indies. And hereby you see the Iesuites in∣struments of secular affaires Edw. Menese, whose Booke you haue in the 9. booke. tom. 1.
• * 1.30

  F. Edw: Sande.
• * 1.31

  Antonie Almei∣da, License for Cequian.
• * 1.32

  Strange course for names. Iesuites change their names.
• * 1.33

  Almeidas Let∣ter to Ed. Sande. Rector at Xau∣chin or Sciau∣chin, contra∣cted.
• * 1.34

  Moilin.
• * 1.35

  The Linsitaus brother afore∣sayd.

  Another riuer.
• * 1.36

  Way paued and populous.
• * 1.37

  Seats and Por∣ters in the high-wayes.
• * 1.38

  Faquen.
• * 1.39

  Great Cities thicke.
• * 1.40

  Metropolitan Citie of Chi∣ansi.
• * 1.41

  All this way is apparent in the new Map.
• * 1.42

  New Riuer.
• * 1.43

  Nine Tatis.
• * 1.44

  These miles seeme to bee intended Spa∣n••sh leagues. Cold Region.
• * 1.45

  Papists and Paynims Cere∣monies alike.
• * 1.46

  Ciquion. Cuixion.
• * 1.47

  New Riuer.
• * 1.48

  Ste••ilitie.
• * 1.49

  Sciaubin or Ciquion like Venice.
• * 1.50

  Prouincials Letter. Fortie Chinois compa∣red to 40000. Iaponian Con∣uerts.