The first-[third] tome of an exact chronological vindication and historical demonstration of our British, Roman, Saxon, Danish, Norman, English kings supreme ecclesiastical jurisdiction from the original planting, embracing of Christian religion therein, and reign of Lucius, our first Christian king, till the death of King Richard the First, Anno Domini 1199 ... / by William Prynne, Esq.

To the Ingenuous Readers, especially Professors, Students of the COMMON LAW, and ENGLISH ANTIQUITIES.

GENTLEMEN,

I Here present to your judicious View and perusal, a large Tome, consisting for the most part of Records, Writs, Epistles, Patents, Bulls, Procurations, Antiquities not formerly print∣ted, relating principally to the Ecclesiastical, and some Civil affairs of greatest note, in England, Scotland, France, Ire∣land, Rome, during the reigns of King John, Henry the 3d. and Edward the first: many of which I rescued as well from dust and putrefaction, as oblivion, and here bring forth to publike light; for the information, benefit of the present and succeeding age. Their particular Contents you may read at leisure in the Tome it self, all Epitomized in the Title, Chapters, but especially in the 14 Tables to it; wherein every of you may with speed and facility finde, select such Records and passages, as are most suitable to his Profession, Studies, Genius, or emergent Occasions; and all Great Officers both in Church, State, Courts of Justice, Common Lawyers, Canonists, Parliament Mem∣bers, Historians, Heraulds, Divines, as well of the Roman as Reformed Religion, may find some Antiquities, Rarities, which may either instruct, direct, assist, advantage them at some time or other, though perchance sundry of them may seem trivial, uselesse, or superfluous for the present, unto many.

The multiplicity, variety of the Records are such, that I could only collect and digest them into a Chronological Order, (like Cases in our Year-books and Reports, independent on, and diverse from each other,) and that in a rude, plain, unpolished stile, most sutable to old moth-eaten, lacerated, musty Records and Antiquities, over∣spred with dust and Cobwebs (as very many of them were) my other publike imploy∣ments and extraordinary Diversions, affording me not sufficient time to polish or set them forth in a neater Dresse, or in delicate Language now most in fashion, fitter to garnish new Comedies, Play-books, than grave, serious Antiquities.

Since the finishing of my Additional Appendix of Records in the reigns of King John, and Henry the 3. prefixed to this Tome, I perused most of the Records in their reigns and Edward the firsts, (with all of Henry the 1. and 2.) extant in the several Treasuries, Offices in the Court of Exchequer; some whereof I have inser∣ted into my Epistle Dedicatory: I shall here make bold to present you with two more in the Reign of King Henry the 3d. worthy special observation.

The 1. of them thus evidenceth his Royal piety, zeal, and Soveraign Authority in coming personally into the Court of Exchequer with his Counsil, and there with his own mouth commanding all the Sheriffs of England to attach all blasphemers of the Name of Jesus, and bring them to publike Justice at such time and place as he should prescribe, (a president worthy imitation in this atheistical, blasphemous, unzealous age) with his care for the execution of speedy Justice to all, especially Pupils, Or∣phans, Widdows; to prevent all oppressions of his Subjects by Sheriffs, or great men; and to preserve the Churches just Liberties, together with the rights of his Crown.

DIe Veneris, proximo ante Festum beati Edwardi, Anno regni Regis Henrici tertii 34. * 1.1 venit Dominus Rex cum suo Consilio ad Scaccarium, & ibidem proprio ore praecepit omnibus Vicecom. Angliae tunc ibidem existentibus. Inprimis, quod modis omnibus observarent, et manutenerent * 1.2 Libertates Sanctae Ecclesiae; et simili∣ter manutenerent Pupillos, Orphanos, & Viduas, & celerem eis justiciam exhiberent. Et si inveniant aliquem Blasphemantem nomen Jesu Christi, statim attachietur, exinde respondend. ad diem et locum, quos Dominus Rex praeceperit. Item, quod nullus rusticus distringatur pro debitis Domini sui, quam diu Dominus suus habuerit per quod poterit distringi. Et quod debitè inquirant & rectius, qualiter Magnates se gerunt ergà homines suos; et si invenerint ipsos transgredientes, corrigant transgressiones qua∣tenus poterunt. Et si fortè non possunt plenariè corrigere, tunc oftendant easdem Transgressiones Domino Regi. Item, † 1.3 quod nullus Vic. ponat Hundr. Wapentake, vel alias Ballias ad firmam, pro majori questu habendo alicui, nisi tali qui cum justicia tractet populum. Item, quod diligenter inquir. quae sunt Mercata Adultera, vel ad nocumentum vicinorum Mercatorum levata, & hoc scir•• faciant Domino Regi. Item, quod salvo custodient omnia jura, et libertates Domini Regis, nec facient retur∣num de Brevibus Domini Regis alicui, nec permittent aliqu••m habere visum Franci pleg. nec Turnum Vic. nec auxilium Vic. nec alias Libertates quae ad Coronam Domini Regis specialiter pertinent, fine Warranto, nist illos qui cartas Domini Regis inde habuerint, vel illos qui cartas libertatis ab Antiquo obtinuerunt.

The 2d. (more pertinent to my Theam) most clearly evidenceth his Supreme Ec∣clesiastical Jurisdiction, in commanding his Judges of the Jewes Exchequer by sentence in that Court, judicially to deprive Elias the London Jewes High-Priest and Bishop, of his Priesthood, for an offence against him and his Brother, then gran∣ting them a special license to elect another in his place, and so in succession, and af∣ter to present him to him for his confirmation in his office, (as in case of his other Bishops.)

REX mandavit Philippo Lovell, et Iustic. ad custod. Judaeorum assignatis, * 1.4 Quod cum Elias Episcopus Judaeorum London, pro transgressione, quam fecit tam Regi, quam Fratri suo Regi Almaine, à Sacerdotio Communitatis Judao∣rum Angliae coram praedictis Philippo et Iusticiariis, quos ad transgressionem illam convincendam assignavit, per Iudicium ••orundem ad Scaccarium fuer•••• adjudicatus, Et de ejusdem Sacerdocii officio, et etiam de omnimodis aliis Offi∣ciis, et hallivis, quae a Rege optinuit, sit depositus. Rex de eorundem consslio Iustic. concessit praedictae Communitati Judeorum Angliae, per finem trium M••••∣carum Auri, quem Cresse et Haginus, Fratres ejusdem Judai, cum Rege pro¦eadem Communitate fecerunt; Quod praedictus Elias Sacerdocium illud nun∣quam in posterum habeat, et recuperet. Et quod de caetero, nullus Sacerdos fit de illa Communitate, nist per communem electionem Communitatis ejusdem. Et quod illa Communitas, post decessum cujustibet Sacerdotis taliter electi, all∣um quemcunque voluerit Sacerdotem eligere liberam habeat facultatem. Et ip∣sum Regi praesentand. cum assensu Regis, ut super hoc optineat Regis faborem. Et datus est eis dies ad eligend. Sacerdotem suum, citra festum Sancti Petri ad vincula.

This president of his, is sufficiently justified by divine Authority; for a 1.5 King Solomon deposed Abiathar the High Priest from his Priesthood, for Conspiracy and Treason against him, in adhering to Adonijah who usurped the kingdom, and made Zadok High Priest in his room, by his Supreme Ecclesiastical royal Authority: by which he might likewise have put him to death, as he told him, yet he spared his life for the present, out of meer grace; because he did bear the Ark of the Lord God before David his father, and because he had been afflicted in all wherein his father was afflict∣ed, when he fled from Absolon who usurped his Crown. A clear Scripture Au∣thority, that Christian Emperors or Kings may lawfully depose not only Archbi∣shops, Bishops, and other Clergy-men from their Offices and Bishopricks, but likewise Popes themselves, (who pretend they ^b succeed Aaron the Jewes

High-Priests in their Authority, as well as St. Peter, and thence deduce Arguments for their Supremacy, and Title of Pontifer Maximus, which even the Chief Pa∣gan Roman Priest, and afterwards their c 1.6 Consuls or Emperors only enjoyed) for Treason, Rebellion, or other Grand Offences, and likewise put them to death, without any violation of the Churches Liberties. For St. Paul himself (though an Apostle, d 1.7 equal to St. Peter, and e 1.8 joynt Bishop of Rome together with him,) when he was f 1.9 ac∣cused by the Jewes before Festus, (who layd many and grievous complaints against him, as an offender both against the Temple and Caesar, to whose Judgement seat he appealed from their Judicature;) made this answer, If I be an offender, or have committed a∣ny thing worthy of death, I refuse not to dye; (to wit, by a legal Trial before Cae∣sar) where I ought to be iudged: where he and St. Peter were afterwards con∣demned to death, Paul being beheaded, and Peter crucified at Rome with his head downwards, as g 1.10 Historians relate; yea both of them expresly enjoyn h 1.11 every soul (whether an Apostle, Prophet, Pope, or other Clergyman, as well as Laick, as St. Chrysostome, Theodoret, Theophylact, Oecumenius, and others comment on it) to be subject, and submit themselves to the higher Powers, and to the King as SU∣PREAM, and that for Conscience sake, FOR SO IS THE WILL OF GOD; and that in an Epistle written to all that be in Rome, called to be Saints, by expresse evangelical precepts, backed with their own examples in submitting to their capi∣tal Judgements, executions, as our i 1.12 Saviour Christ himself did before them, leaving all Popes, Prelates, how great soever, an example, that they should follow their steps therein, as k 1.13 many of the first Martyred Bishops of Rome did; without pleading any such l 1.14 Priviledges, Exemptions from Kings and Emperors Tribunals, or Corpo∣ral, Capital punishments, or Taxes (which they paid) as they since pretend to by their own Antimonarchical Canons, Decrees, and Constitutions, (or by Charters forcibly extorted from Christian Emperors and Kings themselves) or such an unlimited pow∣er, as Popes and other Prelates now claim; That they are the Superior Judges of all Emperors and Kings, as well as inferiour Subjects, but they themselves are to be judg∣ed by none but God himself; or at least by Popes and Bishops themselves in Councils; Which they prove from the much perverted Text of St. Paul, 1 Cor. 2. 15. But be that is spiritual (that is, regenerated by Gods Spirit) judgeth (that is, discerneth) all things (that are revealed, taught by the Spirit of God) yet he himself is judged (or discerned) of no man; that is, of no natural or carnal man, for those spiritual things, (not for visible Crimes, or Capital offences) who perceiveth not the things of the spirit of God, neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned, as the Text it self and all antient Orthodox Commentators on it expresly resolve, against the absurd ridiculous false Glosses of Modern Popes, Canonists, and Sycophants of Rome, who appropriate this Text only to the Pope himself, and to Bishops, Clergy∣men, though meerly carnal, voyd of the Spirit of God, and that only for visible carnal things and Crimes; whereof it never was, nor can be intended, against St. Pauls, and St. Peters expresse Doctrines in the forecited Texts, seconded with their practise.

And here I shall crave leave to inform you, how Popes, and Popish Archbishops, Prelates, Clergymen first procured, and then enlarged, supported their Exempti∣ons from, and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction over Christian Emperors and Kings; not only by granting dispensatious with their Oaths, Vows, unlawfull, incestuous, libidinous mariages, divorces, interpositions in their Treaties of Peace, Leagues, Wars against each other, by grants of Disms, Indulgences, Priviledges for pretended assistance of the Holy Land against Saracens and Infidels; by declaring Bastards to be legitimate heirs, and themselves to be sole Judges of Hereticks, Heresy, Schisms, and by confirming of Kings, Emperors grants, Priviledges, Exemptions to Monasteries and other Churches; (which I have demonstrated by several Instances in this and the precedent Tomes▪) but more especially by Monopolizing to themselves by degrees the sole power of consecra∣ting, crowning Emperors, Kings, and prescribing Interrogatories, Oathes, Articles, Ceremonials, to them at their Coronations, especially when they Crowned Ʋsurpers, and put by the right heirs from the Crown; which because not hitherto fully cleared by any, I shall crave leave to present you with my collections, and observa∣tions

of this kind, both in the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, in the French, and our British, Saxon, Norman, English Kings Coronations, antecedent to King Johns, and Henry the Thirds; The rather, because I have manifested how Popes and Bishops advance themselves above Emperors, Kings, in the late form of their Ʋncti∣ons not on the head but shoulders in their Coronations, in my Epistle Dedicatory. The a 1.15 Histories of the Roman Emperors, and other Kings lives inform us, that the Pagan and first Christian Emperors, Kings, in all or most Kingdomes, were not Crow∣ned or Consecrated Emperors or Kings by Priests, Archflamines, Popes, Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops or Clergymen, but only by themselves, or their Predecessors, who associetated them in the present Government of their Empires, Kingdomes, or declared them to be their immediate successors; or else by their Military Officers, Souldiers, Guards, or Nobles by investing them with Imperial or Regal Ornaments, Robes, Scep∣ter, or setting a F••••let, Diadem, or Crown of Gold upon their heads, with other Cere∣monies, according to the usage of their several Countries. But as for their Q••eens, they were usually Crowned by the Emperors and Kings b 1.16 themselves with their own hands, not by any others.

I shall begin with the Coronations of the Christian Roman Emperors of the East, and their Empresses, recorded in their Histories. Upon the death of 1 1.17 Theo∣dosius the younger, Pulcheria promoted Marcianus though ancient to the Empire, upon condition to marry her; whereto he assenting, she, Patriarcha & Senatu ac∣cersitis, Imperatorem salutat, & Diademate cingit. After him Basiliscus being sa∣luted Emperor, Zenonidem Augustali Corona-ornat, & Marcum filium Caesarem appellat, & tyrannico Edicto Concilium Chalcedonense abrogavit; which Decree the people enforced him to retract: The first Emperor crowned, or who had any Co∣ronation Oath or Writing prescribed him by the Patriarch of Constantinople, was 2 1.18 Anastasius, who being elected Emperor by the Senate and Souldiers, about the year 486. Euphemius then Patriarch of Constantinople suspecting him to be ad∣dicted to the Heresie of Eutychius and the Manichees; thereupon would no wayes consent to his Coronation, but peremptorily refused to Crown him, untill he should deliver him a Writing under his hand, ratified with HIS OATH, where∣in he should plainly declare, that if he were crowned Emperor, he would maintain the true faith, and Synod of Chalcedon during his reign, and bring no novelty into the Church of God: Which Writing being assented to, drawen and ratified by his Oath, was delivered to Macedonius the Treasurer to keep; and then the Pa∣triarch Crowned him, quasi jam tunc a Pontificibus Reges et Imperatores coro∣narentur, et eorum sacro ministerio Imperia susciperent; as 3 1.19 Gilbertus Gene∣brardus observes. After which, the Emperor banished Euphemius, deprived him of his Patriarchship, and made Macedonius Patriarch in his place; from whom he demanded his premised Hand-writing: For it is (said he) a great discredit unto our Scepter, that our hand should be kept to testifie against us, or that we should be tyed to pen and paper. Which he refusing to deliver up to him,, saying, It should never be reported by him, that he betrayed his faith: the Emperor likewise banished and deprived Macedonius. so much was he exasperated by the exacting of this Hand-writing and Oath from him at his Coronation. Platina and 4 1.20 some others write, that Pope Gelasius the 1. excommunicated this Emperor, because he favoured Hereticks and Acacius, who opposed his Supremacy; though others write, he only denyed communion with him; the first usurpation of any Pope of this nature over an Emperor, which their successors and Parasites since, do much insist on. The next Emperor I read of, Crowned by a Patriarch, was b 1.21 Justinus the 2. crow∣ned at Constantinople by Eutychius or John the Patriarch, Anno Christi 558. by blessing him, and setting the Crown upon his head, as Coryppus, and Eutropius in∣form us: which done Justin himself uxorem suam Sophiam nomine, et corona∣vit Augustam, as c 1.22 Zonaras and Eutropius story: Indeed d 1.23 Anastasius only, and c 1.24 Baronius, with f 1.25 Bernardinus Saccus out of him affirm, that Ju∣stinus the 1. was in the 5^th year of his reign Crowned Emperor the second time

by Pope John the 1. about the year of Christ 516. who repaired to him concer∣ning the Arrian Heresie, being formerly Crowned by John Patriarch of Con∣stantinople, which seems improbable, because no other Historians mention it; and g 1.26 Johannes Zonaras expresly writes of this Emperor, that falling sick, morb••que in spe vitae dubia invalescente, Patriarcha Epiphanio & Primoribus advocatis, Justinia∣num Nepotem Imperatorem decernit, et suis manibus ejus Capiti Diadema im∣ponit; according to ancient Custome, though the Patriarch himself was present, which is observable, he receiving no other Coronation after his death. From the death of Justinus the 2. h 1.27 Zonaras, i 1.28 Eutropius, and others make no mention of any Emperors Coronation, till that of Tiberius An. 571. ab Eutychio Patriarcha Co∣ronatus. After him, An. 577. Mauritius à Patriarcha Johanne jejuniatore Coro∣natus, rerum administrationem suscepit; who being slain with his Wife and Children by the Usurper k 1.29 Phocas, (instigated by Pope Gregory the 1. because he would not upon his reiterated Epistles to him command the Patriarch of Constantinople to re∣nounce the stile and title of UNIVERSAL BISHOP, which he used, to the dero∣gation of his Papal Supremacy) Phocas, cum populo Phrasinae factionis Hebdunam ingressus, Anno 595. as some, or 605. as others compute it, summoned the Patriarch, Senate and People to come to him. Hoc igitur facto, & cunctis convenien∣tibus apud Septimium, tunc Patriarcha Cyriacus a tyranno de orthodora fide, et ut sine perturbatione serbaret Ecclesiam, EXTORSIT PROFESSIONEM, (as Eutropius stories.) Which profession being made, ibi à Patriarcha Diademate ornatus, inde in Regiam se contulit, & quinta die Leontiam uxorem Augustam co∣ronavit, (by setting the Crown upon her head as the Custome then was, with his own hands.) This Usurper contrary to his extorted profession Anno 609. à Bo∣nifacio Papa, rogatus, Phocas Imperator cum magna tamen contentione, statuit, ut Ecclesia Romana esset aliarum Ecclesiarum magistra et domina. Nam antea Ecclesia Constantinopolitana Domina sese scribebat amnium Ecclrsiarum, as † 1.30 Matthew Westminster, and sundry others story. Which highly incensed the Greek Patriarchs and Church against him. He at the instigation of Heraclius, being de∣servedly slain for his tyranny by his own guards, Anno 613. ^l Heraclius à Sergio Patriarcha Coronatus in Oratorio Sancti Stephani in palacio suo: Coronata est eti∣am eodem die Eudochia sponsa ejus in Augustam, et accepit uterque a Sergio Pa∣triarcha Nuptiarum coronas: & uno eodemque die Imperator simul et sponsus ostenditur, so Eutropius; or as Zonaras, stantem etiam Eudociam sponsam diad••∣mate ornat: The next Coronation I finde, is that of m 1.31 Stauratius, An 796. Nice∣phorus Imperator coronavit filium suum Stauratium per Tharasium sanctissimum Pa∣triarcham in ambone majoris Ecclesiae in Imperatorem. In all these and their succes∣sors Coronations by the Patriarch, I find no mention at all of any anoynting, Oath or promise made b•• any Greek Emperor to the Patriarch, to maintain the Churches liberties, Rites or Jurisdictions, but only the right faith; though they frequently by their Imperial power deprived, imprisoned, banished many Patriarchs, and set up new in most of their places, restoring only some of them, as Zonaras, Cedrenus, Eu∣tropius, Nicephorus, and the Magdeburgian Centuries record. n 1.32 An. 804. after the death of the Emperor Nicephorus, slain in his warrs against the Bulgarians, when Sta••ratius his son, Crowned Emperor by his father, came to Adrianopolis, wounded in that battel, et magistratuum quorundam studio Imperator est declaratus: he inten∣ding to leave the Empire to Stauratia his Sister, maried to Michael Curopolata, and seise upon Michael to put out his eyes; thereupon she and the Senate calling the scattered Legions together in the night, declared Michael to be Emperor a little before day-breaking: Michael ubi diluxit, magnam Ecclesiam ingressus a Patri∣archa Nicephoro, Imperatorio diademate est ornatus, posiulato prius scripto, quo promitteret, se nulla Ecclesiae siatuta violaturum (to wit, of the second Coun∣cil of Nice, for the setting up and adoring Images in Churches) neque Christia-norum sanguine manus contaminaturum esse, as Zonaras informs us; Eutropius thus relates it, Porrò, Nicephorus Patriarcha scriptum a Michaele propriae ma∣nus exegit de recta fide, et ut sine sanguine manus a Christianis servaret, ac de sacris bominibus seu Monachis, et de toto Ecclesiastico Eatalogo, ne percuterentur ab illo; which he not only performed, but also of his bounty do••avit Patriarchae auri libras L. & Clero xxv. Post dies aliquot Procopiam uxorem Augustam saluta∣vit,

& Coronavit in Triclinio, multisque donis liberalibus auxit Senatum. Omnes autem Patricios et Senatores, Sacerdotes et Summos Sacerdotes, et militantes Monachos et Pauperes, tam in Regia Vrbe quam in Themaribus degentes locu∣pletavit. Stauratius autem acclamatione hujus audita, statim comam totondit, & Monachicis indutus vestimentis, per Simeonem Monachum, implored the Patri∣arch and Michael to save his life; for which end he thus suddenly became a Monk, which request he obtaining soon after died of his wounds, cum duos duntaxat menses & sex dies imperasset. This president or Charter is the first promise (not Oath) demanded from, or given by any Roman Emperor or King I read of at his Coronation, for confirming the Churches, Bishops, Monk•• Priviledges; not to be pu∣nished by him; and the first of rewards given to Patriarchs, Bishops, Priests, Monks, Senators, and that by a forcible Usurper, to secure his usurped Empire to him and his son; who soon after Filium Theophylactum Imperatorio nomine digna∣tus est, et a Patriarcha diademate ornandum curavit. But this could not secure the Empire to them, nor Patriarchship to Nicephorus, nor yet their persons against Gods retaliation; for Michael being routed in a battle by the o 1.33 Bulgarians, as Ni∣cephorus was, and flying to Constantinople; thereupon Leo stirred up the remainder of his Legions against him, as he had done against Stauratius, who proclaiming Leo Em∣peror, Michael upon the tydings thereof, potestatis insignia Leoni misit, eo{que} Regiam ingresso, cum uxore & liberis in aedem quae est in Pharo, supplex confugit. Inae avulsi, Michael in insula Phota Monachus factus vitam exegit, Theophylactus filius ejus, qui Imperator appellatus fuerat, virilibus exactis cum matre & fratribus est relegatus. Hunc exitum habuit Michaelis imperium cum id biennium tenuisset: As for p 1.34 Nicepho∣rus the Patriarch, who Crowned him and his Sonne, and likewise ••eo, in ambone majoris Ecclesiae, (but without any Oath, Charter, or promise, like that of Mi∣chaels) he deprived him of his Patriarchship, and banished him to Praeconetra up∣on this account. Leo being very zealous against Images, and the Institutions of the second Council of Nice, (which Michael at his Coronation promised him not to violate) eas omnes tolli jussit, by the perswasion of a Monk, a quo imperium sibi praedictum fuerat. Cumque Patriarcham Nicephorum in suam sententiam pertractu∣rus esset, ille verò acriter adversaretur, & edictum illud & scriptis & orationibus impietatis argueret, virum relegat. Nicephoro sua Ecclesia pulso, in ejus locum introductus est Milessenus Theodotus, qui sacra Cathedra indignè conscensa, cum Imperatorem suffragatorem haberet andacter in sacras imagines grassatus est. After Leo, I finde these Emperors of the West, viz. q 1.35 Michael Balbus, Romanus Lacapeni, Nicephorus Phacoes, Theodora, Constantinus Monomachus, Nicephorus Botoniata, Crowned by the Patriarchs of Constantinople, without any unction, oath, promise, or Writing whatsoever: and r 1.36 Theophylus the Emperor crowning his Sonne Michael with a Diadem, and declaring him Emperor: Constantine the sonne of Leo crowning and declaring his sonne Romanus Emperor, vota faciente Theophi∣lacto Patriarcha Joannes Zimiscae, filium suum Basilium Diademate & Imperato∣rio nomine ornat, & Alexius Comnenus, qui Johannem filium ipse Imperio ornaret. Romanus Lacapeni crowned his Empresse himself, and Alexius Commnenus did also the l••ke. I read that Johannes Zimiscae who most barbarously murdered his Soveraign s 1.37 Nicephorus Phocas the Emperor, and usurped the Empire by force and treachery, after he had restored those Bishops whom Nicephorus had bani∣shed, qui ei libro subscribare recusarunt, quo sanxerunt, ne quis Pontifex se inscio designaretur; Deinde in magnam Ecclesiam abiit, ut ibi diade∣mate ornaretur; sed Polyeuctus Patriarcha eum ut caede Pollutum, ingredi aedem sacram non est passus. Quam increpationem Zimisces aequo ferens ani∣mo, pro defensione attulit, se caedem suis manibus non perpetrasse, sed Abalantem, & Azyphotheodorum Theophanonis jussu Nicephorum sustulisse. Contra, Patriarcha postulavit, ut Theophano Regia pulso relegaretur, et Nicephori percussores in exilium agerentur, et liber cujus mentionem fecimus, lacera∣retur, et ipse poenas daret. Ille se omnia facturum policitus, statim missis sa∣tellitibus Theophanonem Regia educit, librum ad se allatum lacerat, et quas pri∣vatus opes habuisset, se distributurum pauperibus promisit. His factis natali Servatoris & Dei nostri, simul in Ecclesiam admittitur, simul diademate orna∣tur, Theophanone in Praeconesum relegato. Sic appellatus Imperator, cum mag∣na

Antiochia Pontifice careret, Monachum quendam Theodorum, qui Imperium ei praedixerat, neque festi••are aut rapere, sed numinis designationem expectare jusserat, Pontificem nominavit. This Patriarch by Crowning this bloody Usurper upon these precedent conditions, (whom he should have totally refused) gained a re∣vocation and rescinding of that lawfull Book and Imperial Priviledge, (as preju∣dicial to the Churches Liberties) which prohibited any to be made or assigned a Bi∣shop, without the Emperors privity. Some years after, t 1.38 Michael surnamed Senex be∣ing made Emperor, by the Empresse Theodora, when she lay sick despairing of life, by advice of her familiars, a qua statim diademate redimitus: sanctissimo prius juramento adactus est, se nihil sine illorum consensu in Imperatoriis admi∣nistrationibus decreturum. Not long after by fraud and practise he was perswa∣ded by Michael Patriarch of Constantinople and others to resign the Empire to Isaac Comnenus; Paulo post Comnenum aperte Imperatorem salutarunt, etiam Patri∣archa suff••agante & adjuvante (against their Oaths to him;) qui Michaeli nuncia∣ret, ne cunctaretur, & proemium suffragii postularat, et Imperatori insolentius nunciaverat, ut Regia decederet. Quo nuncio à primariis Sacerdotibus accepto se∣nex Michael percontatus est, quod sibi proemium pro Imperio daturi essent? Illis{que} respondentibus, Regnum coeleste: statim insignibus abjectis Regia decessit. At Comnenus, firmato Imperio, eos à quibus adjutus fuerat, liberalissime est remunera∣tus. Patriarcham magnopere veneratus est, & fratris ejus filios magnis honori∣bus affectos, superbis magistratibus praefecit. Praeterea, in Patriarchae gratiam; etiam Ecclesiasticarum rerum procurationem Ecclesiae attribuit. Nam cum ad id usque tempus & magnus Oeconomus, & vasorum custos ab Imperatore designari soleret: utrunque id munus Patriarchae potestati subjecit, amota publica autoritate. Hereupon, though the Emperor thus setled grew very proud, yet as Zonaras sto∣ries, Neque ver•• Patriarcha superbia illi cedebat, sed imperare illi volebat, ac st * 1.39 quando non impetrasset ea quae petierat, aegre ferebat, increpabat: denique mina∣batur, quemadmodum Imperium illi contulisset, ita se idem illi erepturum. Quae cum talis Imperator ferre aequo animo haud utique posset, providit, ut malum da∣ret potius quam ferret. Cum igitur Patriarcha in suum Monasterium, ad festivi∣tatem coelestium copiarum, quae ibi ••olebantur, splendidius celebrandam iturus esset: missa illuc cohorte militum (nec enim eum ex Ecclesia verbi drvini sapientiae abellere voluit, ne vel Cleri vel populi motus oriretur;) et ipsum et nepotes ejus relegat. Deinde, de abrogando illi Patriarcatu cogitans, opera quorun••••m pri∣mariorum Sacerdotum utitur, & Pselli, variarum & absurdarum criminationum co∣aeervatoris, quas in oratione contra illum scripta congessit, & per quosdam viro signi∣ficat, ut simulet, se ultro Pontificatu cedere, quem altoqui invitus cum publica infamia sit amissurus. Ʋt autem ille refragabatur, Imperatoris de ejus exautora∣tione sollicitudinem mors sustulit. u 1.40 Nicetas Chronicata renders u•• this Account of the Coronation of Manuel Comnenus. Facta igitur re divina pro declaratione & Imperii auspiciis, de Patriarchi throni successore & ecclesiasticae functionis gubernato∣re deliberat, a quo in templo Domini Corona Imperatoris ornaretur; Nam Leo Styppiora morte rebus humanis exemptus erat. Proinde sententiam cum cognatis, Senatoribus & Sacerdotibus communicat; qui Michaelem Acuti Monasterii Mona∣chum designabant, virum & virtute celebrem et literis nostris eruditum: Is igitur Patriarcha declaratus eum a quo unctus erat, vicissim ungit, Imperiatorioque dia∣demate ornavit, sacram aedem ingressus. And of young Alexius his Coronation; he writes; x 1.41 Andronicus auctor est coronandi Alexii (Comneni) eumque in humeros elatum lachrymans in magnae Ecclesiae ambonem pertulit, atque inde retulit, ut patrem pietate superare videretur, & adolescentis Imperatoris praesidium habere∣tur, cum ipse aliud habebat in mente, ac Davidicum illud agitaret, elatum me allisit.

Upon the death of Johannis Duca the Greek Emperor, Theodorus Lascaris his sonne and heir, totins populi suffragiis est creatus Imperator, in clypeo sedens, more à majoribus accepto, as a 1.42 Nicephorus Gregorias stories; b 1.43 Georgius Pachymerus informs us, Imperatorio clypeo insidet, is qui Imperio designatur, ac pedibus primum imperato∣riis insigniis ornatis & manibus, hinc Pontificum inde Procerum elatus, Imperato∣riis hymnus & plausibus ab omnibus celebratur. The Patriarchship of Constantino∣ple being then voyd, Nicephorus Blemmydes though unanimously elected refusing

to accept it, Arsenius Monachus (about the year 1262) Patriarcha creatus commu∣ni Pontificum sententia & suffragio, Imperatore maxime approbante, et Pontifici∣um illud suffragium (uti moris est) confirmante, Imperator a Patriarcha unctus et diademate ornatus est; without any Oath, promise or Charter mentioned in the Greek Historians. This Emperor falling into a deadly sickness, Moriens, Mu∣zalonem, c 1.44 cum Patriarcha Curatorem Imperii reliquit, aonec filius Joannes sextum tunc agente annum ad maturam aetatem advenisset: This Patriarch and Muzalo (generally hated by the Nobles) to secure the person of their pupil, and Muzalo * 1.45 from danger, caused the Nobles to take two Oathes one after another; the last whereof (more sacred than the former) was in this form. Iurant omnes tàm Nobi∣les quam ex plebe militari; sibique ac familiae suae quilibet exitium imprecantur, ni quod jurassent, sanctè servarent, ac Muzaloni tutelam, Imperatoris vero filio Im∣perium insidiarum expers, et inviolatum, ad omnem ejus posteritatem tuerentur. Within few dayes after at the Emperors funeral, the Soldiers entring the Temple with drawn Swords, barbarously slew Muzalo who fled to the holy table, with others of his adherents, and so terrified the Patriarch, that he resigned the custody of John, to Michael Palaeologus, till he should come to age: who aspiring after the Empire, tum honoris cansa populi Romani, tum etiam ad statum interregni fir∣mandum, Despotae titulo ornatur, tam a Patriarcha, quam a filio Imperatoris: Soon after, viri auctoritate & nobilitate praestantes circa Magnesiam clypeo insiden∣tum Michaelem Palaeologum, Imperatorem appellant. Quo Patriarcha Arsenius audito, vehementer perturbatus, puero metuebat: ac primum in animo habuit, tam eum qui appellatus esset Imperator, quam qui appellassent, sacris interdicere. Deinde mutato consilio, moderatius & melius esse ratus est, eos sancto jurejurando astringere, ne vel pueri vitae insidientur, vel de Imperio illi per vim aut fraudem eripiendo cogitent; itaque factum est Calendis Decembris. Sed priusquam mensis ela∣beretur, iis ipse qui haec timuerat, & illa ipsa pro securitate pueri egerat, suis manibus, in sacro suggestu Michaelis Palaeolgi capiti coronam imponit, et Imperatorio dia∣demate virum ornat, sententiis Senatus & sacri ordinis impulsus. Caterum non per∣petuum illi decernit imperium, sed quod tum rebus it à cogentibus, id ab eo administran∣dum esset, donec legitimus illius haeres & successor adolevisset: tùm vera illi soli ceden∣dum esse ultro & solio Regio, & omnibus Imperii insignibus. Atque haec sanctiore ju∣rejurando quam prius firmavit: Post haec Arsenius relicta sede Patriarcha, se in ma∣ritimum Paschatii Monasteriolum quiescendi causa contulit: Causa illius secessus fuit Joannis contemptus. Whose eyes being soon after burnt out by Palaeclogus to make him uncapable of the Empire; thereupon after many complaints Arsenius Palaeologum sacris interdicit: who patiently endured his censure for some space to pacifie the Patriarch; but not complying with him, he thereupon impeached him of several crimes, deprived him of the Patriarchship, banished him, and promoted Germanus to the Patriarchship: who not long after deserting it, upon the clamors of the people, that he usurped the See living Arsenius, the Emperor made Joseph Patriarch in his stead: by whose advise, to ingratiate himself with the people, and expiate his sinnes, Imperator Michael, cum Patriarchae primum sacrificium in Eccle∣sia cum caeteris Pontificibus peragisset, ante vestibulum sacri suggestus prostratus, duo sua peccata, perjurium, et filii Imperatoris excaecationem profitetur, sibique con∣donari petit. Primus igitur Patriarcha illi jacenti astans, condonationis singrapham quandam, ac post eum Pontifi••es suo quisque ordine eandem recitarunt. It•• laetus discedit Imperator tàm ob illam condonationem, quam quod Deum etiam sibi pla∣catum & reconcilatum existimabat, though he restored not the Crown to the right heir, whose eyes he thus put out. From whence I shall observe, 1. That this usurping of the Empire by this perjured Emperor, was the ground of the Patri∣archs imposing a New Oath upon him at his Coronation. 2ly. That his perfidious violation of this Oath, encouraged the Patriarch to excommunicate him. 3ly. That this excommunication was the occasion of this Patriarchs deprivation and banish∣ment by this usurper. 4ly. That this Usurper to ingratiate himself with the peo∣ple and Prelates, made a publike confession of his perjury, and crime in putting out the eyes of the right heir, and received publike absolution both from his crime and sentence thereupon, by a Writing made under the new Patriarchs and Bishops hands.

After which this perjured Usurper about the year 1270. to secure the Empire to himself and his posterity, d 1.46 Andronico filio suo Annam Pannoniam desponsavit, simulque illum insignibus Imperii ornat, in his life time; and for securing his own life, Empire, and priviledges of the Greek Patriarchs, Clergy, (to induce them to crown him without opposition) he prescribed his son this Coronation Oath by the Patriarchs advise. Cum Andronicus insignibus Imperii à patre Michaele Palaeologo ornaretur, ipse patri jurat, se Dei Ecclesiam pie veneraturum, ejusque privilegia modis omnibus culturum, et inviolata conservaturum esse: (A Clause never in∣serted into the Oath, Writing, promise of any precedent Emperor) Postea, se vi∣tam et Imperium patris sui expertem insidiarum usque ad ejus obitum pro virili conservaturum. His peractis, omnis Romanus populus usitatum jusjurandum An∣dronico novo Imperatori dedit. Patriarcha vero et Collegium Sacerdotum jusja∣randum suum praescriptum, in sacros codices retulerunt: se et successores suos, ejus Imperio non esse insidiaturos, profitentes. Pater autem permisit, edictis subscribere rubris literis, caeterum sine mense & indictione: sed, Andronicus, Christi gratia Im∣perator Romanorum.

Soon after this Oath prescribed and taken, e 1.47 Charles King of Italy, and Earl Bald∣win, raising great forces to besiege Constantinople, and unite the Empire thereof to that of Germany, by the Popes instigation; to prevent this danger Palaeologus the elder sent Embassadors to Pope Gregory, to mediate an accord between the Greek and Roman Churches; Cujus haec tria Capita fuerunt; Primum, ut in sacrorum volu∣minum Psalmodiis Papae, cum quatuor Patriarchis mentio fieret. Alterum, ut¦liceret cuivis Romam veterem, quae Curia major et perfectior est, appellare. Ter∣tium, ut illi Principatus in omnibus deserretur. Which agreement was so much opposed by the Patriarch Joseph, that he deserted his See, and the Colledge of the Priests mutinied the people against him: whom he could not pacifie by his perswa∣sions, nor yet by imprisonments, exiles of Be••as, & other Patriarchs, Bishops, Priests who obstinately opposed this accord; which rendred him so odious, that, post obi∣tum Graecorum Imperatorem Palaeologum sacra arcent Sepultura Constantinopoli∣tani Sacerdotes, quod Romanae Ecclesiae sententiam in Concilio Lugdunensi am∣plexus esset; whereupon he was privately buried in the night by his sons com∣mand procul à castris, vix plebeia sepultura, multa terra obrutus, id solum cavens, ne à feris discerperetur. After which, the Patriarchs of Constantinople grew so rebelli∣ous and refractory against the Emperors, that they were either banished, depri∣ved by them, or resigned their Patriarchships when they could not have their wills. Whereupon they made choyce of aged, simple, and illiterate persons to be Patriarchs, who through ignorance and simplicity were most apt to obey them, f 1.48 g 1.49 ut dicto eis obedientes sint tanquam mancipia et nullo ipsis verbo refragen∣tur; no Oath at all (for ought I find) being imposed on the succeeding Emperors, whether, crowned in their Fathers or Grandfathers life, or after their deaths; wit∣nesse the h 1.50 Coronation of Michael Palaeologus the sonne of Andronicus 4. Nonas Februarii, octava Indictione.

Moreover it is observable, that in the form of the Coronation of the Greek Em∣perors collected by y 1.51 Johannes Cantachuzenus about the year 1330. (afterwards Emperor himself) seconded by Codinus, and printed in z 1.52 Mr. Selden, there is no mention of any Oath, condition or promise at all made by the Emperor at his Coronation to the Patriarch, relating to the Churches or Clergies priviledg∣es or Liberties, only Patriarcha in formam Crucis VERTICEM Imperatoris, sacro unguento perluit, & elato voce addit, Sanctus: Quod si adest Imperator an∣tea coronatus, cum Patriarcha novo Imperatori coronam imponit, & exclamat Patriarcha, dignus, &c. Tum descendit de ambone Imperator, & paratam ibi Co∣ronam à propinquis, aut Eunuchis, eam similiter tenentibus, uxoris capiti imponit (according to their ancient Custome, not the Patriarch) quae maritum Imperatorem adorans, it à se illi subjectam profitetur. Hoc igitur modo Imperator Conjugem suam coronat. Si antea Corona ipse indutus fuit, inter sacra nuptiarum id facit. After which follow some prayers, without any Oath or promise exacted from him by the Patriarch, to prevent all such Usurpations over the Emperors by their Patri∣archs, as some of them exercised, and Popes usurped by degrees over the German Emperors by their Coronations.

The Custome of Crowning the German Emperors, and anointing them on the Crowns of their heads at first, like the Roman, (since translated by Pope Inno∣cent the Third to their shoulders or armes,) z 1.53 was derived to them from the Greeks, as Onuphrius, and Mr. Selden inform us.

The first Emperor Crowned in Rome by any Pope, was a 1.54 Charles the Great, An∣no Christi 800. crowned by Leo the Third (after his purgation upon Oath on the Holy Evangelists made before Charles, as his restorer, and Soveraign Judge of the Crimes objected agianst him,) cuncto Romano populo acclamante, Carolo Au∣gusto A DEO coronato (originally, but only ministerially by the Pope) Magno et pacifico Imperatori Romanorum, vita et victoria. Post quas laudes, unctus oleo ab Apostolico in templo Sancti Petri, à CAPITE usque ad pedes, et circundans Impe∣ratoria veste atque Corona 8 Kal. Januarii, Indictione nona, antiquorum jure Principum, ab eo adoratur, (not the Pope by him) et ablato Patricii nomine, Im∣perator & Augustus appellatur; without any Oath, Promise, homage, fe∣alty or subjection then made by him to the Pope, or Roman Church; But on the contrary, Charles then received from this Pope, a Priviledge to elect and invest both the Pope, and all Archbishops, and Bishops in his Empire, as b 1.55 Ludovious Pius his Sonne did, An. 815. and the Emperor Otho the 1. An. 964. who deposed Pope John the 13. expelled Benedict, (set up by the Romans without his license) created, and afterwards restored Leo the 8. who confirmed this priviledge, and Crowned him Emperor. Yea Henry the 5th, (though set up by Popes in his deposed Fa∣thers stead, by tyranny, war, rebellion, for defence of this Priviledge of Inve∣stitures) when he came to Rome to be Crowned by Pope Paschal the 2d. not only received c 1.56 a new Charter of the premised Priviledges granted to Charles the Great, from this Pope and his Cardinals, subscribed with their hands, seals, and ratified by their solemn Oathes; but likewise refused to take any corporal Oath to them to con∣firm his Covenants and agreement, upon their release out of Prison; dicens, Imperatorem nemini jurare debere, cum juramentorum sacramenta ab omnibus sunt sibi adhibenda; as d 1.57 Hermoldus expresly records. Which proves this Oath of Fealty which Gratian inserts into his e 1.58 Decrees, as made by the Emperor Otho to Pope John before his comming into Rome to be crowned, to be an Imposture, since mentioned by no old Historians, yea contradicted by Othoes deposing John, setting up another in his stead, and the new Priviledge of Investitures granted him by Leo at his Coronation; Juramentum Ottonis quod fecit Domino Papae Joanni. Tibi Domino Joanni Papae ego Rex Otto promittere et jurare facio, per Patrem, & Filium, & Spiritum sanctum, & per lignum hoc vivific•• crucis, & per has reliquias Sanctorum, quod si permittente Domino Roman venero, sanctam Ro∣manam Ecclesiam et te rectorem ipsius exaltabo, secundum meum posse; et vitam aut membra nunquam, neque ipsum honorem quem habes, mea voluntate, aut meo consilio, aut meo assensu, aut mea exhortatione perdes. Et in Roma nullum placi∣tum aut ordinationem faciam de omnibus quae ad te aut ad Romanos pertinent, sine tuo consilio; Et quicquid de terra sancti Petri ad nostram potestatem perve∣nerit tibi ••eddo, et cuicumque Italicum regimen commisero jurare faciam illum, ut adjutor tui sit ad defendendum terram sancti Petri secundum suum posse. This Oath though forged, with some new Additions to it, Popish Canonists, Advo∣cates hold the Emperor ought to take to the Pope, as bound thereto not only out of reverence, and spiritual devotion to the Pope and Church of Rome, whom he ought by natural right to defend, but as an Oath of Fealty, as being the Popes Vassal and inferiour, from whom he receives and holds his Crown; Upon which ground he ought to kisse the Popes feet, lye prostrate before him when crowned, serve him as his Subdeacon, yea hold his stirrop, and then lead his horse by the bri∣dle for some space, as you may read in f 1.59 Dr. Marta, and others quoted by him; whose Arguments g 1.60 Antonius de Rosellis (a learned Lawyer under the Emperors Sigismund and Frederick the 3.) recites, and then refutes in a special Chapter, to which I refer you. What Oathes of fealty and allegiance Popes have since extorted from the German Emperors at their Coronations, (by depriving those who op∣posed

their usurpations by tumults and wars raised against them, and setting up Usurpers in their steads,) will appear by these 2. Verses engraven by the insolent Pope Innocent the 2. on the walls of his Palace in Rome, after he had crowned h 1.61 Lotharius Emperor.

Rex venit ante foras, jurans prius Vobis honores; Post homo fit Papae, sumit quo dante Coronam.

I shall only observe, that i 1.62 Popish Canonists, and Romish Doctors from the Popes Coronation of Emperors and Kings, argue his absolute Spiritual and Temporal Monarchy over them, as their Soveraign Lord; because they receive their Crowns and unction from him. A meer ridiculous consequence, because as they are both real and actual Emperors, Kings, before and without their Coronations, so Popes and Prelats are but their k 1.63 meer Ministerial Officers therein, to anoynt and set their Crowns upon their heads, when, where, and by what Bishops they please to appoint, (as the Nobles are who carry their Imperial Robes, Crowns, Swords, Scepters, and per∣form other Services at their Coronations,) as they likewise are when they baptize, marry them, not their Lords: else if this Argument holds firm, the Cardinals who elect, consecrate, crown the Pope himself, and his Confessor who absolves him, must be his Lords Paramount both in his Spiritual and Temporal pretended Monar∣chy; and every Bishop who consecrates his Metropolitan, must thereby become his Soveraign, and absolved from all subjection to him; which will prove fatal to the Popes Supremacy, and to Patriarchs, Metropolitans, Archbishops Hierar∣chies. All Pontificians therefore must renounce this Argument, and subscribe to the resolution of l 1.64 Thomas Waldensis, (a great stickler for the Pope, Bishops, yet ingenuous in this particular.) Quanquam ministerio Episcoporum solennitates adbi∣bentur Regibus unctionis, ju••jurandi, fidei et coronae, non tamen habet Regia illa dignitas ortum a Sacerdotio, quanquam per Ministerium Sacerdotis habeta Deo; sicut nec ordinatus quisquam habet ordinationis ortum a Praesule, aut Sacramentum Eucharistiae a Sacerdote quolibet celebrante; ab homine enim est solennitatis ministerium, Deus vero solus largitur efficium: not the Pope or Bishops.

I shall now passe from the Emperors to the Kings of France. After Charles the Great and Ludovicus Pius, were anointed Emperors by Popes at Rome, for defending them and that Church against their enemies, and declared it to be their duty, m 1.65 ut defensio, et exaltatio vel honor Sanctae Dei Ecclesiae congruus maneat, et pax et justitia in omni generalitate populi magis confirmetur; the Kings of France who were no Emperors, began to be crowned by their own Bishops, who thereupon contrived and imposed an Oath upon them at their Coronations, to advance their own Prelacy and Canons; which Oath, as n 1.66 Peter de Marca Archbishop of Paris ob∣serves, ea mente eisque verbis olim ita conceptum suit, ut Reges tempore inau∣gurationis suae, CUSTODIAM CANONUM subditis suis promitterent, Quod eo pertinebat, ut sponderent nec a se violandos Canones, nec ab altis. Extat illius Sacramenti antiquaformula, quod Philippus 1. patre Henrico Rege superstite, ac illi∣us auctorit••••e praestitit, anno 1059.

Ego Philippus, Deo propitiante, mox futurus Rex Francorum, in die ordinatio∣nis meae promitto coram Deo & sanctis ejus, quod unicuique de vobis et Ecclesiis vobis commissis CANONICUM PRIVILEGIUM, et debitam legem atque ju∣stitiam conservabo, et defensionem quantum potero (adjuvante Domino) adhibe∣bo, sicut Rex in suo Regno, unicuique Episcopo et Ecclesiae sibi commissae, per rec∣tum exhibere debet. Populo quoque Nobis credito dispensationem legum in suo jure consistentium, nostra authoritate concessurum.

Hujus formulae potiora verba (adds Marta) transcripta sunt ex ea quae Hincmarus Remensis Archiepiscopus a se conceptam Ludovico Balbo Caroli Calvi filio por∣rexerat, cum Regnum Compendii suscepturus ungeretur Anno 877. Sponsio autem illa o 1.67 Ludovici excerpta est à Capitulis quae p 1.68 Carolus Calvus codem Anno apud Carisia∣cum statuerat. Quam quidem promissionem, non sacramentum, vocant Proceres Gallicani, sed pardonationem: Est pardonatio, quam Dominatio vestra nobis fi∣delibus

vestris pardonavit & subscripsit. Unde Ludovicus Balbus codem verbo uti∣tur in sponsione sua: Promitto & pardono vobis, id est, concedo & indulgeo. Ante illa tempora sponsio quidem a Regibus inaugurandis concipiebatur; sed aliis ver∣borum solennibus, quamvis eadem significatione; ut patet ex repromissione quam Ca∣rolus Calvus praestitit, cum in urbe Metensi Lotharii Regnum adipisceretur Anno 869. q 1.69 Sciatis, me unicuique in suo Ordine secundum sibi competentes leges tam Eccle∣siasticas, quam mundanas, legem & justitiam conservare: Quod etiam repetitum est in secundo capite conventus apud Carisiacum habiti. In eandem sententiam Re∣ges Galliarum se deinceps usgue ad haec nostra tempora jurejurando adstrinxerunt, etsi formulis diversis. By vertue of this Coronation Oath, he informs us, that Philip the 4. and Charles the 6. and 7. of France, held themselves obliged to de∣fend the Rights of Bishops, their Canons, and Ecclesiastical discipline. The Ce∣remonies, Prayers, Unction and Oath used at their Coronations in later ages, you may peruse in r 1.70 Mr. Seldens Titles of Honor, and Laurentius Boch••llus his Decreta Ecclesiae Gallicane, l. 5. Tit. 2. De Consecratione & Coronatione Regis Franciae, c. 1. who cap. 4. inserts a learned Epistle of Ivo Carnotensis to the Pope, justifying his Coronation of Lewes King of France, against the complaint of the Archb••shop and Church of Rhemes, who pretended that the Right of Consecrating the French King belonged only to them, refuting this their Monopoly by sundry presidents of French Kings Crowned elsewhere by other Bishops, in other Churches, asserting this claim of theirs to be warranted by no Law, nor Custome, and to be prejudicial to Kings themselves, as well as to other Bishops and Churches.

I shall not insist upon the Unctions or * 1.71 Coronations of the Kings of Jerusalem, Spaine, Hungary, Denmarke, Sweden, Poland, Norway, Sicily, Scotland, or their Coronation Oathes, which were not ab origine, but came in by degrees in later ages, by the Practise of their Bishops, to advance their Jurisdiction and Power over them, as their Vassals; witnesse this Magisterial resolution of s 1.72 Martinus Lau∣densis, t 1.73 Dr. Marta, and other Canonists, Omnes Reges qui unguntur ab Ecclefia, sunt Uassalli Ecclesiae; ergo idem dicendum est de Imperatore; & nullus est Re∣gum qui non sit subditu•• Romanae Ecclesiae. When these forraign Kings began to make any Corporal Oathes to Popes or their Metropolitans at their Corona∣tions, I cannot certainly determine, only it is observable, that the Kings of Si∣cily (claimed by Popes as St. u 1.74 Peters Patrimony, and thereupon usually crowned by them) never used to take any Corporal Oath upon any occasion, by the Custom of that Kingdom; therefore not at their Coronations, as is evident by this Epistle of William King of Sicily to our x 1.75 King Henry the 2d. Anno 1176. in answer to the request of his Messengers, Qui & postulaverunt instantius, (to confirm a Mariage∣contract between his daughter and this King with his Corporal Oath) ut idem manu propria juraremus: Quod quia regni nostri semper, et nostris fuit progeni∣toribus insuetum PERSONALITER JURARE, non duximus expedire. Quare praedicti nuncii vestri quaesierunt, ut sicut ab honorabilibus personis feceratis illud in anima vestra jurari, sic et nos similiter in anima nostra fieri faceremus. Nos equidem, et quod a nostris nunciis in bestra praesentia constitutis super concessio∣ne matrimonii ex parte nostra juratum est, ratihabitione firmamus, et quod vobis praesentibus in anima vestra juratum est, grato assensu recepimus, ac si manu propria jurassetis, cum unum et idem putemus Sacramentum quod vel manu propria fit, vel in anima jubentis et praesentis juratur. If then the Kings of Sicily never used in that or former ages to make or subscribe any Corporal Oath with their own hands; Whereupon this King refused, though importuned to ratifie this marriage agreement with such an Oath, submitting only, that his proxies should swear for him on his Soul, as King Henries likewise did, it is certain they then never made any personal Oath to the Pope, or their Metropolitans at their Coro∣nations; and probably very few Kings else, till succeeding ages.

For our ancient British Kings Coronations, Diadems, Crowns, before they be∣came Christians, a 1.76 Geoffry Monmouth stories, that Dunvallo Molmutius, cum to∣tam Insulam omnino subjugasset, fecit sibi diadema ex auro. Hic Leges quae Mol∣muntinae aicebantur inter Britones statuit, quae usque ad hoc tempus inter Anglos ce∣lebrantur. After whose decease, Duo filiiejus, Belinus videlicet & Brennius con∣tendebant uter eorum regni diademate insiguiretur. Post Garguunt, Guithilinus,

regni Diadema suscepit. Post Marciam Tifilius sumpto diademate regni guberna∣culo potitus est. Post Gorbonianum, Arthgallo frater ••jus Regio diademate insig∣nitur. Defunct•• Eliduro, suscepit Gorboniani filius regni Diadema. b 1.77 Post Hel••, Cassibellanus in Regem sublimatur, moxque ut Diademate insignitus suit, &c. con∣tigit ut totius regni Monarchia sibi cederet: During his reign. Julius Caesar invaded our Isle of Britain: Cui successit Tenuantius, Diademate igitur infignitus regnum in diligentia obtinuit, Anno Christi 124. Defuncto Coilo, filius ejus unicus, cui no∣men erat Lucius, regni Diademate infignitus est, who soon after c 1.78 embraced the Christian Religion, and was baptized, (being the first Christian King in this Isle, or world) and converted the Heathenish Archflamins Sees in this Isle into Archbisho∣pricks, and the Flamines into Bishopricks, as our ancient H••storians generally write, though our greatest Antiquaries of modern times refute it, as fabulous. He deceasing without issue, after many Conflicts between the Britains and Romans, d 1.79 Triumphatis Romanis, cepit Asclipiodorus regni Diadema, et Capiti suo, populo annuente imposuit; without any Archbishop, Bishop, or Priest. Postea insurrexit in Regem Asclepiadorum, Coel Dux Colecestriae, & praelio conserto eum peremit, regnique diademate sese insignivit. Not long after Constantius the Emperor arri∣ving in Britain, made a firm league with Coel, who dying 8. dayes after, insignivit se Constantius regni Diademate, duxitque filiam Coel, cui nomen erat Helena, on whom he begat Constantine the Great, to whom he gave the Kingdom of Britain at his death, 11 years after; who also obtained the Empire of the world. e 1.80 Octavius usurping the Crown, he gave his daughter together with the Realm to Maximia∣nus, cum Diademate: who being slain at Rome, thereupon f 1.81 Gratianus Municeps cepit Regni Diadema, et sese in Regem promovit. During whose reign the Britains being infested by the Scots, Picts, Norwegians, and the Romans after several requests being unable to aid them, they thereupon An. 435. sent Guithelin Londoniensis Archie∣piscopus to Aldroenus King of Little Britain in France, proffering him the King∣dom, to ayde them against these insulting enemies; who refusing it for himself, recommended his Brother Constantine to them, furnishing him with souldiers to affist them. Cum grates ei egit Archiepiscopus, vocato Constantino, ei in haec verba arrisit: Christus vincit, Christus imperat, regnat Christus; Ecce Rex Britan∣niae desertae, Adsit modo Christus. Ecce spes nostra et gaudium. Who presently arriving in Britain, and obtaining a victory over their enemies by his own and the scattered British forces resorting to him: Facta intra Cicestriam concione, erexe∣runt Constantinum in Regem, regnique Diadema capiti ejus imposuerunt, Anno Christi 435. Defuncto Constantino, An. 455. there being a difference between the Nobles which of his sonnes should succeed, Constans his eldest sonne being a professed Monk, g 1.82 Vortigernus Comes Gewissanorum qui omni nisu in regnum an∣helabat, goes to Constans at Winchester, perswading him to accept the Regality; who maxime gaudio assented to him, & quicquid callebat ipsum velle, jurejurando promittebat. Caepit igitur eum Vortigernus, duxitque Regiis ornamentis indu∣tum Londonias, atque vix annuente populo, in Regem erexit. Tunc defunctus erat Guithelinus Archiepiscopus, nec fuit alius qui ipsum inungere praesumstsset, quia ex Monacho transferebatur. Nec tamen idcirco postposuit Diadema, quod ipse Vortigernus vice Episcopi capiti ejus imposuit. Sublimatus igitur Constans, totam Justitiam regni Vortigerno commisit, &c. who soon after suborning his guard of Picts to murder Constans; h 1.83 Tandem cum neminem sibi parem conspexisset, imposuit capiti suo Coronam Britanniae, An. 454. Magnates Britanniae Regem Vortigernum penitus deserentes, unanimiter Vortimerum filium suum Regem sub∣limaverunt. Anno 464. Merlin prophecied, interfecto Hengesto Ambrosius co∣ronabitur. Non mora, crastino die applicuit Aurelius Ambrosius; convenerunt itaque Britanni, & convocato regni Clero unxerunt et erexerunt Aurelium in Re∣gem, reg••ique Diadema capiti suo imponens, &c. After whose death, Anno 498. Uther Pendragon cum festinatione Wintoniam venit, & convocato populo regni & Clero, Britanniae Diadema suscepit, annuentibusque cunctis sublimatus est in Regem; After whose death, defuncto Rege, convenerunt Pontiffces cum Cle∣ro regni et populo, & ipsum infra Choream Gigantum more Regio humaverunt. Quo facto, Dubritius urbis Legionum Archiepiscopus, sociatis sibi Episcopis et Magna∣tibus, Arthurum filium suum juvenem 16. annorum Regni diademate insignivit, et

in regem magnifice erexerunt, one of the first Kings crowned by our Bishops. Le∣land writes, that he saw the form of his Crown in his Seal, represented to us in i 1.84 Mr. Selden, and Speeds History, An. 537. King Arthur after all his foreign Victories re∣turning into Britain in triumph, resolved to be new CROWNED at Caerleon on the feast of Pentecost. The form and solemnity of his second and his Queens Co∣ronation too, (the first of this kind, if real) is thus related by k 1.85 Ge••ffry Monmouth. Cum igitur solennitas Pentecostes advenire inciperet, post tantum triumphum maxima laetitia fluctuans, Arturus affectavit Curiam ilico tenere in nrbe Legionum, regnique Diadema capiti suo imponere. Wherupon, inviting and summoning by his Messen∣gers all the Kings, Dukes, Nobles, and Metropolitans subject to him, there appeared 12 Kings, sundry Dukes, Consuls, Nobles from all quarters (whose names he recites) Trium etiam Metropolitanarum sedium Archipraesules, Londoniensis videlicet, Ebora∣censis, necnon ex urbe Legionum Dubritius. Hic Britanniae Primas, & Apostolicae sedis Legatus (if we may credit him) tanta religione clarebat, ut quemcumque lan∣guore gravatum suis orationibus sanaret. Omnibus denique in urbe congregatis, solen∣nitate instante, Archipraesules ad palatium ducuntur, ut Regem diademate regali coronarent. Dubricius ergò, quoniam in sua diocesi Curia tenebatur, paratus ad cele∣bran ••um obsequium, hujus rei curam suscepit. Rege tandem insignito, ad templum Metropolitanae sedis ornatè conducitur: à dextro enim & à levo latere, duo Archipon∣rifices ipsum tenebant. Qnatuor autem Reges, Albaniae atque Cornubiae, Demetiae & Venedociae, quorum illud jus fuerat, quatuor aureos gladios ferentes ante ipsum, praeibant. Conventus quoque multimodorum ordinatorum, miris modulationibus prae∣cinebat. Ex alia autem parte Reginam suis insignibus laureatam, Archipraesules atque Pontifices ad templum Deo dicatarum puellarum conducebant. Quatuor quoque praedictorum Regum Reginae quatuor albas columnas de more p••aferebant. Mu∣lieres autem quae aderant illam quam maximo gaudio sequebantur. Postremò peracta processione, tot organa, tot cantus fiunt in utrisque templis, ita ut pro nimia dulcedinae milites qui aderant nescirent quod templorum prius peterent. Catervatim ergò nunc ad hoc, nunc ad illud ruebant, nec si totus dies celebrationi deditus esset, taedium ali∣quod ipsis generaret. Divinis tandem obsequiis in utroque celebratis, Rex et Regina diademata sua deponunt, assumptisque levioribus ornamentis, ille ad suum palacium cum viris, haec ad aliud cum muli••ribus exaltata incedunt. I omit the residue of this solemnity, wherein I observe no solemn Unction or form of Prayers, or setting the Crown on the Kings head in the Church, but only in his Palace, mentio∣ned in this solemnity, without any Oath administred to him. l 1.86 An. 540. Mordredus Arthuri Nepos (in his absence) cui idem Arthurus Britanniae regnum commisit, per ty∣rannidem et proditionem Diademate ipsius sese secerat insigniri. An. 542. Rex Ar∣thurus de vita desperans, Constantino cognato suo Britanniae concessit Diadema. After whose death, Anno 545. Aurelius Conanus, per omnia Diademate dignus, nisi civilis belli fuisset amator, regnum obtinuit, by force, treachery and tyranny, imprisoning his Uncle who ought to have reigned, and murdering his two sonnes. After which as m 1.87 Gildas our antientest British Historian, (who writ about the year 564. or soon after,) complains and relates. UNGEBANTUR REGES non per Deum, sed qui caeteris crudeliores extarent, & paulo post ab UNCTORIBUS, non pro veri examinatione trucidabantur, aliis electis trucioribus, &c. Reges habet Britan∣nia, sed TYRANNOS; which passage is recited verbatim by Galfr. Monmutensis Hist. Brit. lib. 9. c. 3. Whence some conceive our British Kings were anointed when crowned, and that sometimes by their Archbishops, or Bishops; other times by their Nobles, who soon after murthered, and succeeded them; rather as Tyrants then Kings. After many Civil Wars and Usurpations between the British Tyrants, and Saxon invaders, about the year 603. n 1.88 Cadwin by the unanimous consent of all the Princes and Nobles of the Britons assembled together at Legecester, was elected and made King of the Britons; Insignito illo regni Diademate. He conquering the Saxons; thereupon rogabat Cadwinum Edwinus, ut sibi Di∣adema habere liceret; ut advenae Saxones, quisemper proditores ejus extiterant, in uno cum illo Regio Diademate incipiant insigniri. Which his Counsellors refu∣sed to assent unto; aiebant enim, Contra jus, veterumque traditionem esse, Insulam UNIUS CORONAE DUOBUS CORONATIS SUBMITTI DEBERE; Cad∣wallo after him o 1.89 Quendam solemnitatem Pentecostes Diadema Britanniae portan∣do celebravit, where universi Anglorum Reges praeter Oswinum solùm adessent;

Of his or Cadwalladers the two last British Kings Unctions, there is no express men∣tion in our Historians, of any Coronation Oath, or promise made by them or any British King, much lesse to maintain the Churches or Clergies Liberties.

As for our first Saxon Kings who expelled the Brittons, and by their swords erected their several kingdoms, there is no mention of their Coronations or Un∣ctions in Beda, Florentius Wygorniensis, Simeon Dunelmensis, Henry Huntindon, or other of our antient Historians. The first of our Saxon Kings presented to us with a Diadem, is Aidulf King of the East-Angles, about the year 674. After him, upon the expulsion of Beorred King of Mercia for his Tyranny, Offam p 1.90 in Regem tam Clerus quam populus coronavit, An. 758. who stamped a Crown on his coyns; whose successors used several forms of Crowns till the Conquerors time; which you may view in Speeds History, and Mr. q 1.91 Seldens Titles of Honor. The first Saxon King we read to be anoynted, was Egbert, about the year 790. whom his father King Offa, loving his ease, r 1.92 ante mortem suam in Regem inunctum successorem dimisit. Ille sedulò paternae immanitatis vestigia declinans, privilegia omnium ecclesiarum, quae seculo suo genitor attenuaverat (by severing all the Bishopricks in his Kingdom from the See of Canterbury) prona devotione revocabit; Praedium quoque quod Pa∣ter Malmesburiae abstulerat, reddidit in manus Cuthberti tunc illius loci Abbatis, h••r∣tatu Athelardi Archiepiscopi Cantuariae, strenui sanè & Deo digni viri; most likely at his anoynting him King; as the coherence of the story intimates, he living but 4. moneths after. Anno 854. Aethelwlfus Rex filium suum Aelfredum (being but 5. years old) magno nobilium & etiam ignobilium numero constipatum, maximisque muneribus honorifice Roman transmisit, quo tempore Dominus Leo Papa 4. Aposto∣licae sedi praeerat; qui praefatum infantem Aethelredum oppido ordinans, UNXIT IN REGEM; (sui patris rogatu) & in filium adoptionis sibimet accipiens, confirmavit; as s 1.93 Asserius Menevensis his Tutor, t 1.94 Simeon Dunelmensis, (who adds, & ad p••triam atque ad Patrem cum benedictione Sancti Petri Apostoli direxit) u 1.95 Florentius Wygorni∣ensis, x 1.96 Radulphus de Diceto, y 1.97 Johannis Bromton, and others out of them relate. z 1.98 William Malmesburiensis writing of his advancement to the Crown, An. 872. after Aethelwlfus death, records, Aelfredus filius Aethelwulphi junior, qui unctio∣nem Regiam et Coronam a Papa Leone Olim Romae susceperat, ut praediximus, regnum accepit; without any new Unction or Coronation that wee read of. a 1.99 Matthew Westminster stories, Anno Christi 854. Rex magnificus Occidentalium Saxonum Aethelwulphus, cum honore maximo Romam profectus, duxit secum Ael∣fredum filium suum juniorem, quem caeteris omnibus plus dilexit, ut à Papa Leone moribus pariter & Religione informaretur ibidem (which Florentius Wygorniensis, and the premised Historians referr to the year next after his premised mission thi∣ther, and Unction) ubi cum anno integro Rex cum filio demoratus fuisset, fecit filium suum ibi a Papa in Regem coronari; atque ad patriam rediens; exor∣ta est contra a Regem p••aedictum quorundam Magnatum conspiratio, ita quodfacta con∣spiratione ab Aethelbaldo filio Regis primogenito, & Sciriburnensi Episcopo Alstano, cum Eandulfo Somersatensis pagi Comite, quod à Roma repatrians nunquam repone∣retur in regnum. Causa una erat, quod filium minorem Aelfredum, quasi aliis à regni sorte exclusis, in Regem Romae fecerat coronari; Whereupon he divided his Realm between himself and his eldest sonne Aethelbald. Our elegant Historian b 1.100 Aelre∣dus Abbas Rievallis informs us, that this King, Aelfredum filium suum minorem misit Romam, ut sanctissimorum Apostolorum precibus commendaretur, & à Summo Pontifice benediceretur. Vener abilis autem Summus Sacerdos Leo vultum & statum pueri contemplans, cum in to divinae praesentiam majestatis scintillantium virtutum indiciis persensisset, tempus & aetatem regnandi Regiae unctionis Sacramento prae∣veniens, sicut quondam sanctus Samuel puerum David, ita eum in Regem sanctis∣simus Praesul devotissime consecravit. Verum postmodum cum Patre Roman re∣petens, paternorum honorum in omnibus cooperator & adjutor esse promeruit. To which he subjoynes of King Edward, A famosissimo quippe & christianissimo Rege Aluredo omnium Regum Angliae sanctus Leo Papa in ipsa urbe Roma consecravit et unxit in Regem, generatione sextus. Hence c 1.101 Johannes de Bromton writes, Regiam unctionem primus omnium Regum a Papa, ut scribitur, accepit. And d 1.102 William Thorn in his Chronicle affirms, Iste Elfredus fuit primus Rex Angliae qui inunctus erat. Yet e 1.103 Mr. Selden thinks this Unction was only at his Confirmation, and was

mistaken for his Royal Unction at his Coronation, by all these Historians; (which is improbable) those who were confirmed in that age being anoynted with holy Chrisme in the foreheads.

After this I find frequent mention of our Saxon Kings consecrations at their Co∣ronations by their own Metropolitans or Bishops, but none of them by the Pope: for the very next year after, c 1.104 An. 855. Eadmundus ex prosapia antiquorum Saxonum ori∣ginem ducens, provinciae Orientalium Anglorum culmen regiminis suscepit, anno à na∣tivitate sua 13. ab omnibus regionis illius Magnatibus et populis Rex electus, et ad regimen multum renitens compulsus, ab Humberto Helmhamensi Episcopo, in villa Regia quae Bures nuncupatur, munus consecrationis accepit, et coronatur.

d 1.105 Anno 901. after King Alfreds death, Eadwardus ejus primogenitus, regni An∣gliae diademate est insignitus, consecratus in Regem a Pleimundo Dorobernensi Archiepiscopo apud Kingestune; After his decease, e 1.106 Anno 940. Aethelstanus, or Adelstanus filius ejus primogenitus apud Kingestonam, Regiam Villam Rex creatus, ab Aethelmo Dorobernensi. Archiepiscopo consecratur. f 1.107 Anno 945. Eadmundus Rex Anglorum consecratus est ab Odone Dorobernensi Archiepiscopo apud Kinge∣stune; after whose murder, An. 946. Eadredus frater ejus consecratus est ab O∣done Archiepiscopo apud Kingestune, et regni Diadema ab eo suscipit. An. 955. Successit ei in regnum Eadwinus, Eadmundi Regis filius, & apud Kingestonam ab Odone Cant. Archiepiscopo Regiam unctionem suscepit; as Mat. Westminster; or Rex consecratus est, as others story. g 1.108 An. 973. Eadgarus Rex Anglorum Pacificus (in the 15. or rather 16. year of his reign, not before) Anno aetatis suae 30. 5 Idns Maii die Pentecostes, à beatis Praesulibus Dunstano & Oswaldo, et a caeteris totius Angliae antistitibus, praesentibus Magnatibus universis apud Akemancestre, or Civitate Acamanni, quae hodiè Bathonia dicitur, Coronam portabit, et ibidem cum maximo honore benedicitur, consecratur, et in Regem inungitur. Af∣ter his decease h 1.109 Anno 975, there arising a contest which of his sonnes should succeed him, thereupon Archipraesules Dunstanus & Oswaldus cum Coepis∣copis, Abbatibus, Ducibusque quamplurimis in unum convenerunt, et Eadwardum, (ut pater ejus praeceperat) eligerunt, electum consecrarunt, et in Regem unxerunt apud Kingestune. Upon his treacherous murder by his Mother-in-law to advance her sonne, his Brother Aethelredus a sanctis Praesulibus Dunstano Cantuariensi, & Oswaldo Eborac••nsi, & decem Episcopis die Dominica 8. Kal. Maii i 1.110 Anno 979. in Kingstona Regni diadema suscepit, et ad regni fastigium est consecratus. All these consecrations of our Saxon Kings were without any solemn Oath or promise made by them at their Coronations, to or before their Archbishops or Bishops. Mr. k 1.111 Sel∣den hath printed an ancient Saxon Pontifical concerning the Ceremonies, Rites and Prayers used in the anoynting, and crowning of our Saxon Kings and Queens, made by their Bishops much about this time, having no Coronation Oath or Interro∣gatories; many of which prayers, as well as the anoynting and crowning are still re∣tained, and yet used at the Coronations of our Kings and Queens.

King Aethelred deceasing l 1.112 Anno 1016, post multas hujus vitae tribulationes, Ca∣nutus the Dane then invading and possessing a great part of the Realm: Post mor∣tem ejus, Episcopi, Abbates, Duces, & quique Nobiliores Angliae, & maxima pars Regni, tàm Clericorum quam Laicorum, in unum congregati, pari consensu, ad eum in Suthamptoniam venientes, in Dominum et Regem sibi Canutum eligerunt, om∣nem{que} progenié Regis Aethelredi coram illo abnegando repudiantes, pacem cum eo composuerunt, et fidelitatem juraverunt: Duibus et ille JURAVIT, Duod et secundum Deum et secundum saeculum fidelis esse vellet eis Dominus. This is the first solemn Coronation Oath I find made by any of our Kings, and that by a foreign invader, usurper of the Crown, upon the abjuration of the Right heir, and Saxon royal Line by treacherous perfidious Bishops, Abbots, Clergymen, Nobles, to estab∣lish him and his posterity in the Royal Throne. Cnute hereupon, after his pilgrimage to Rome, more advanced the Privileges of the Clergy then any of our former Kings, putting them only to their purgations for Capital crimes whereof they were accused before the Bishops, the m 1.113 original ground of exempting Clergymen from secular Juris∣diction for capital crimes, and of other incroachments in succeeding ages. At Cives Londonienses, & pars Nobilium qui eo tempore consistebant Londoniae, Clitonem Ead∣mundum unanimo consensu in Regem lebavere, qui à Levingo Dorobornensi Ar∣chiepiscopo

apud Londonias consecratus est; without any Oath at all, like his prede∣cessors, being right heir to the Crown; who soon after conquered Cnute in 5. set battles, and had probably for ever driven him and the Danes quite out of the Realm, had those perfidious Prelates, Nobles, and others who revolted to, and Crowned Knute for their King, adhered to him, and those Saxons who crowned him being their lawful King. After Cnutes decease, n 1.114 Harald his reputed Son, regni Angliae diademate insignitus est; without any mention of his Unction or Oath. He dying about 4. years after, An. 1040. Hardecnute then in Flanders, was sent for by the unanimous consent of the Nobles, as well English as Danes, as right heir to Cnute, ut ad Angliam veniret, Regni Diadema suscepturus. Qui consiliis Magnatum illico adquiescens, aestate media venit in Angliam, & gratanter ab omnibus susceptus, ab Eadsio Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo in Regem est consecratus, regnique solio mox sublimatus, apud Londoniam, without any Oath.

After his short reign, o 1.115 Anno 1042. ejus frater Edwardus (stiled the Confessor) annuente Clero & populo Londoniis in Regem eligitur, & ab Archiepiscopo Cantu∣ariensi Eadsio, & Eborac. Alfrico, cum sibi subjectis Episcopis in Regem magna pompa apud Wintoniam (or Westm. as others story) coronatur, ungitur, et con∣secratur, prima die Paschae Nonas Aprilis; not one of our Historians making mention of any Coronation Oath then ministred unto or taken by him; only William of Malmesbury stories, that before his arrival in England, when he was sent to by the Nobles to be Crowned, upon terms proposed to him by Earl Godwin, Nihil erat quod Edwardus pro necessitate temporis non polliceretur; ita utrinque fide data, quic∣quid petebatur (privately by Godwin) Sacramento firmavit, before his arrival in England. I find Archbishop Stratford in his insolent Epistle to King Edward the 1. (wherein he advanceth the Popes, Bishops Authority, Canons, Constituti∣ons, above the Crowns, Lawes, Customes of Kings and Emperors, who must subject their necks to them; and that Clergymen are not obnoxious to any Secular Powers, Judges, for Capital offences, but only to their Bishops, by the Lawes of King Cnute) affirms, Sanctusetiam p 1.116 Edwardus in regnum Angliae sublima∣tus, PRIUS JURAVIT, se Leges Canuti Regis inviolabiliter ser vaturum. And then asserts, that the Church was in possession of the Liberties he contended for, tribus temporibus Regum dibersarum linguarum Insulae praedictae, et praecipue et indubitanter tempore Sancti Edwardi; who ratified the Lawes of Knute. I must acknowledge, that in the Laws of q 1.117 King Edward the Confessor, cap. 17. (not in Cnutes) I find this Law inserted, De Regis Officio, & de Jure & appendiciis Coronae reg∣ni Britanniae. Rex autem, quia Vicarius summi Regis est, ad hoc est constitutus, ut regnum terrenum, & populum Domini, et super omnia sanctam veneretur Ecclesi∣am ejus, et regat; et ab injuriosis defendat, et maleficos ab ea evellat, et destruat, et penitus disperdat. Quod nisi fecerit, nec nomen Regis in eo constabit, verum te∣stante Papa Joanne nomen Regis perdit, &c. (After which followes in a different Character, as an additional Appendix since annexed to this Law.) Debet verò de jure Rex omnes terras & honores, omnes dignitates, & jura & libertates Coronae regni hujus in integrum cum omni integritate, et sine diminutione observare, et defen∣dere; dispersa et dilapidata, et amissa regni jura in pristinum statum et debitum viribus omnibus revocare, &c. Debet vero Rex Deum timere super omnia et dili∣gere, et mandata ejus per totum regnum suum servare. Debet etiam sanctam Ecclesiam regni sut cum omni integritate et libertate, juxta Constitutiones Pa∣trum et praedecessorum servare, fovere, manutenere, regere, et contra inimico•• desendere, ita ut Deus prae caeteris honoretur, et prae oculis semper haveatur. Debet etiam bonas leges, et consuetudines approbatas erigere, pravas autem de∣lere, et omnes a Regno deponere. Debet judicium rectum in regno facere, et justi∣tiam per consilium Procerum regni sui tenere. Ista vero debet omnia Rex in pro∣pria persona, inspectis et tactis sacrosanctis Ebangeliis, et super sacras et sanctas re∣liquias coram regno, et Sacerdotio, et Clero IUKAKE, antequam ab Archi∣episcopis et Episcopis regni coronetur. From whence sundry persons have conclu∣ded, that King Edward the Confessor, yea all or most of our Saxon Kings before him at their Coronations, took such an Oath as this Law mentions, before they were Crowned by the Archbishops and Bishops; but finding no mention of any such Oath prescribed to him or his predecessors, in any of o••r ancient Histo∣rians,

and some Clauses thereof being transcribed verbatim out of the Great Charter of King John, and Henry de Bracton, I cannot but esteem it a figment of punier times, after such Oathes imposed on succeeding Kings by our Bishops at their Coronations, to enlarge, support their own and their Churches Jurisdictions, priviledges, beyond their ancient limits.

As for the Coronation Oath mentioned in Bracton, viz. r 1.118 That the King (of Eng∣land) at his Coronation ought BY AN OATH taken in the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to promise these 3. things to the people subject to him. Imprimis, se esse prae∣cepturum, et pro viribus opem impensurum, ut ECCLESIAE DEI & omni populo Chri∣stiano vera pax omni suo tempore observetur. Secundò, ut rapacitates, et omnes iniquita∣tes, omnibus gradibus interdicat: Tercio, ut in omnibus judiciis aequitatem praecipi∣at & misericordiam, & quod per justitiam suam firma ga••deant pace universi: with∣out any Clause concerning King Cnntes Lawes, or defence of the Churches Liberties, it relates not to Edward the Confessors Law or Oath. It is very true, that the s 1.119 Pope and Prelates taking advantage of this King Edwards extraordinary devotion and simplicity, encroached some more priviledges then they had before; especially the Monasteries of Westminster and Ramsey, as his Charters to them demonstrate: which he thus prefaced; t 1.120 Summum Regibus et Principibus bonum est sanctam Ecclesiam Dei exaltare et honorare, quia cum eam exaltant et honorant, cum ea, et in ea, et per eam exaltantur et honorantur; Which though true in a right sence; yet not as abused, to the diminution of the Rights, Prerogatives, Revenues of the Crown, the Common Lawes of the Realm, or Laymens Liberties, or to advance the Prelates, Clergy above them, as their Lords paramount, who then engrossed to themselves alone, the Title of the Church, excluding the Laity, whereas this King included the Christian Laity within the Title of the Church, as well as the Clergy.

After this King Edwards funeral, An. 1066. Comes Haroldus, contrastatum & Ju∣rejurandum, contemptor praestitae fidei (to wit, to William Duke of Normandy, that he should succeed Edward) ac nequiter oblitus sui Sacramenti, throno Regio se intrusit, per Archiepiscopum Eboracae Aldredum solenniter coronatus, as u 1.121 Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland living in that age, relates. x 1.122 Florentius Wygorniensis, y 1.123 Radulphus de Diceto, z 1.124 Eadmerus, a 1.125 Roger de Hoveden, Grafton, and others story; Haroldus Comes Godwini filius, quem Rex ante suam decessionem Regni successorem elege∣rat, a totius Angliae Primatibus ad Regale culmen electus, eodem die ab Aldredo Eboracensi Archiepiscopo in Regem est consecratus, without mentioning any Oath proposed to or by him. Yet b 1.126 Matthew Paris, Matthew Westminster, and some others story, extorta fide à Majoribus, capiti proprio imposuit Diadema▪ sibique Regnum sine Ecclesiastica authoritate imponendo asseruit, und•• Pa∣pam Alexandrum, et omnes Angliae Praelatos sibi creavit inimicos: being loath this their acquired priviledge of Crowning Kings should be interrup∣ted, as if thereby they received their Crownes and Regal authority from them alone, and that upon such Conditions, Oathes as they should prescribe them. But though Harold when Crowned King by Archbishop Alfred took no Coronation Oath, yet Florentius Wygorniensis stories of him, Mox ut regni gu∣vernacula susceperat, leges iniquas statuere, aequas caepit condere, Ecclesiarum et Monasteriorum patronus fieri; Episcopos, Abbates, Monachos, Clericos, colere simul et venerari; to obtain their favour and assistance; he being as a 1.127 Ingulphus, b 1.128 William Malmesbury, c 1.129 Ailredus Abbas, d 1.130 Henry Huntindon, e 1.131 Mat. Paris, f 1.132 Mat. Westminster, the Chronicle of g 1.133 Bromton, h 1.134 Henry de Knyghton, i 1.135 Thomas Walsingham, k 1.136 Mr. Fox, l 1.137 Mr. Lambard, m 1.138 Speed and others, stile him a perjured Ʋsurper of the Crown, to which he had no colour of Title, but by a feigned designation of King Edward, by which also William of Normandy claimed it, when as Edgar Athelin had the sole legal hereditary right and title to it, as all Historians accord.

King n 1.139 William the 1. stiled the Conqueror, by the slaughter of Harold and most of his Army in a bloody battel, claiming the Crown but by a little better Title than he,

as (though a bastard) near allied to Edward the Confessor, who designed him to be his heir and successor, (his sword proving more successful than Harolds,) refused to be crowned by Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury, (whom h••••soon after depri∣ved, imprisoned till his death,) but was crowned by Aldred Archbishop of Yorke, (though he consecrated and crowned Harold King) who prescribed him an Oath, as o 1.140 Simeon Dunel••ensis, p 1.141 Florentius Wygorniensis, q 1.142 Roger de Hoveden, r 1.143 Thomas Stubbs, and others thus relate. Ipsa Nativitatis die ab Aldredo Eboracensium Ar∣chiepiscopo apud Westmonast. in Regem totius Angliae sublimiter coronatum inunxit, et consecravit honori••••ce, prius (ut idem Archiepiscopus ab eo exigebat) ante Altare Sancti Petri Apostoli, coram Clero et populo JUREJURANDO PROMIT∣TENS, Se belle Sanctas Ecclesia•• ac Rectores ••arum defendere, (which Clause occurrs not in any former O••th) necnon et cunctum populum sibi subjectum juste et regali providentia regere; Rectam legem statuere et tenere; rapinas, injusia∣que judicia penitus amovere, or interdicere. s 1.144 William of Malmesbury one of our exactest Historians, living in or near that time, renders his Oath thus, without this first Clause; Exhortatus Aldredus consecrationem egit, exacto prius coram omni populo JURAMENTO, quod se modeste erga subditos ageret, et aequo ju∣re tam Anglos quam Francos, tractaret. The t 1.145 Chronicle of Bromton thus relates the story of his Coronation and Oath. Cumque Willielmus Dux Normanniae, Conquestor Angliae, tyranni nomen exhorresceret, & nomen legitimi Principis in∣duere vellet, à Stigando Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo in Regem petiit consecrari; Ille verò, ut quidem dicunt, cruento viro, & alieni juris invasori manus imponere formi∣dans, nullatenus adquievit: undè licet ipse Willielmu•• eundem Stigandum ut noverat, multis modis blandè honoravit, ipsum tamen nunquam postmodum cordialiter amavit, &c. Requisitus igitur Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Aldredus, vir utique bonus & prudens, intelligensque cedendum esse tempori, & divinae nequaquam resistendum or∣dinationi; * 1.146 Hoc modo hominem ferocissimum spirantem adhuc, minarum & caedis in populum mitem reddidit, & religiosis pro conservanda republica, fuendaque Ec∣clesiae disciplina sacramentis astrinxit, & in ipso proximo sequenti die Nativitati•• Domini post victoriam de praedicto Rege Haraldo habitam, Londoniis apud Westm. hoc munu•• implevit, ipsumque Regem Willielmum ad jura Ecclesiae Anglicanae tu∣enda et conservanda, populumque suum recte regendum, et leges rectas statu∣endum, sacramento solempniter astrinxit. u 1.147 John Peckham Archbishop of Can∣terbury in his arrogant Epistle to King Edward the first in the 9. year of his reign, affirms; Willielmus etiam Rex, cui sanctus Edwardus regnum contulit, Leges ipsius Sancti servandas esse concessit, as if he promised it by his Oath at his Coro∣nation. But this was no expresse clause in the Oath prescribed him by Aldred at his Coronation, but in a subsequent Oath Anno 1072. (as Speed computes it) when King William entring into a Parley with the English Nobility (who in∣tended to set up Edgar Atheling King, for violating their ancient Lawes, and introducing new) he by Archbishop Lanfrancks advise, taking his Oath upon the Holy Ebangelists, and the Reliques of St. Alban the Martyr, (the Oath being ministred to him by Abbot Frederick of St. Albans, elected Captain of the forces then raised against him.) x 1.148 Iuravit bonas et antiquas regni Leges, quas sancti et pii Angliae Reges, et maxime Rex Edwardus statuit, inviolabiliter observare. y 1.149 Et sic pacifica∣ti ad propria laeti recesserunt; which Clause was afterwards inserted into sundry of our Kings Coronation Oathes. This z 1.150 Archbishop Aldred from his very Crow∣ning and prescribing this Coronation Oath to King William, grew so insolent, and exercised such authority over him, like a Father, ut cum ille caeteris impera∣ret, ab eo sibi••imperari aequanimiter sineret. I shall instance only in two memorable particulars: The Sheriff of z 1.151 Yorke by this Kings Writ seising upon some provi∣sions of this Archbishops to victual the Castle of York, refusing to restore them upon his demand, the Archbishop thereupon repaired to the King for reparations to Westminster; Cum autem venisset coram Rege, & Rex ei assurgere & osculum por∣rigere parasset, ille substitit, et cum baculo Pontificali stola circundatus, nil veri∣tus Maiestatem Regiam, neque asiantium Principum proterviam, eum talibus verbis allocutus est. Audi, inquit, Willielme Rex, cum esses alienigena, & Deo permittente, nostraeque gentis superbiam puniente Regnum Britanniae, quamvis multo cum sanguine optinuesses, ego te in Regem consec••abi, et coronam capiti

tuo cum benedictione imposui; Nunc autem quia ita meruisti, pro benedictione maledictionem tibi imponam, sicut Ecclesiae Dei Persecutori et Ministrorum ejus oppressori, et pr••••••issionum atque ju•• amentorum quae mihi coram Altare Sancti Petri jurasti, transgressori. Ad haec verba Rex tremefactus procidit ad pedes ejus, humiliter afflagitans, ut in quo tam grabem meruisset sententiam aperiret. Qui verò assistebant Regi Primates regui in Archiepiscopum frementes, minisque et terroribus adversus eum insurgentes, ipsum merito de medio debere tolli, vel in exilium extra Regnum expelli, qui tanto Regi tantam injuriam irrogasset, urge∣bant eum ut Regem quam citius erigeret. Ille vero non minis vel terroribus terri∣tus, Sinite, inquit, boni biri, finite illum jacere; non enim jacet ad pedes Aldre∣d••, sed ad pedes Petri Apostoli. Debet enim experiri Petri potentiam, qui non est veritus Petri Vicario irrogare injuriam. To which I shall adde another insolency of his towards this King, upon the same account that he was crowned and blessed by him, thus recorded by a 1.152 Malmesbury. Cum Rex importabilis tributi pensum à Provincialibus exigeret, convenit eum per legatos Antistes, quos agrè admissos cum turbulento responso abegisset; non moratus ille, maledictionis telum in illum et omnem ejus vibrabat progeniem. Praefatus; Posse se maledictionem dare meri∣to, qui benedictionem dedisset immerito; quod cum relatum esset Regi amicorum ad∣monitione delinitus misit, qui Episcopum exorarent. Veruntamen praevenerat Nuncios mors Antistitis, qui ex aegritudine animi (ut plerumque fit) contracto morbo decubue∣rat, because he could not have his will in all things.

King William the Conqueror being sick, devised Normandy to Rohert his eldest sonne; the Realm of England to William Rufus his second; and a great summe of money to Henry his youngest sonne, and then deceased 27 Sept. 1087. in Normandy. Whereupon b 1.153 Willielmus filius ejus, qui cum regni fastidia fratri suo Roberto, praeripere gestaret et Lanfrancum, sine cujus assensu in regnum ascisci nullatenus poterat, sibi in hoc ad expletionem desiderii sui non omnino consentaneum inveniret, verens ne dilatio suae consecrationis inferret ei dispendium cupiti hono∣ris, cepit tàm pro se, quam per omnes quos poterat FIDE, SACRAMENTOQUE Lanfranco promittere, ju••••itiam, aequitatem, et misericordiam se per totum reg∣num, si Rex foret, in omni negotio servaturum, PACEM, LIBERTATEM, SE∣CURITATEM ECCLESIARUM CONTRA OMNES DEFENSURUM; necne praeceptis atque consiliis ejus per omnia et i•• omnibus obtemperaturum. Sed cum post haec in regno fuisset confirmatus posiposita pollicitatione sua (made to Lanfranc in Normandy, not at his Coronation as Eadmerus stories) in contraria dilapsus est. Super quo cum à Lanfranco modestè redarguaretur, et ei sponsio fidei non servatae op∣poneretur, furore succensus. Qui, ait, est qui cuncta quae promittit implere possit? Ex hoc igitur non rectis oculis super Pontificem intendere valebat. After this Oath and promise thus made, he hasting into England with Lanfranc. c 1.154 Sexto Kal. Octobris die Dominica in Westmonasterio à Lanfranco Archiepiscopo con∣secratus est in Regem; quo authore et annitente coronatus. d 1.155 Gervasius Dorobor∣nensis in the life of Lanfranc writes. Convocatis Episcopis & Primoribus Angliae, Lanfrancus elegit Willielmum filium Regis, sacravit et coronavit in Regem: bunc enim antea educaverat & militem fecerat: Not one of our Historians mention any Oath administred to, or taken by him at his Coronation; Soon after all the Nor∣man Nobility but Lanfranc, resolving to make Robert his elder Brother King of Eng∣land, and to deliver him up prisoner to him, or murder him; raising up arms against him for that end in several places. e 1.156 His auditis, Rex fecit congregari Anglos, et ostendit eis traditionem Normannorum, et rogavit, ut sibi auxilio essent eo tenore, ut si in hac necessitate sibi fideles existerent, meliorem legem, quam vellent eligere, eis concederet, legesque promisit exoptabiles, et omne injustum Stottum in∣terdixit, et concessit omnibus sylvas suas et venationem: (an apparent evidence he made no such Oath or promise to them at his Coronation) Sed quicquid promisit parvo tempore custodivit. Yea he bore such a secret hatred to Lanfranc for exac∣ting the premised Oath and promise to him, and reprehending him for break∣ing it, that he banished him the Realm for a time as some write; and immediate∣ly

upon his decease, f 1.157 ipsam totius Angliae, Scotiae et Hiberniae, necnon adjacen∣tium Insularum matrem, Ecclesiam scilicet Cantuariensem, invasit, cuncta quae ju∣ris illius erant, intus et extra, per Clientes suos describi praecepit, taxatoque victu Monachorum inibi Deo servientium, reliqua sub censum atque in suum dominium redigi jussit, &c. keeping the Temporalties near 5. whole years in his hands be∣fore he advanced another Archbishop to that See. Nec ista quae diximus Ec∣clesiae Cantuariensi facta sunt, desaevit immanitas ista etiam in cunctis filiabus, qui viris suis, Episcopis scil. seu Abbatibus decedentibus, in viduitatem ea tempestate, cadebant. Et quidem * 1.158 ipse primus hanc luctuosam oppressionem Ecclesiis Dei indixit, nullatenus eum ex paterna traditione excipiens. Destitutas ergo Ecclesias solus in Dominio suo tenebat; as Eadmerus, then living complains. Thus Lanfranck and our other Prelates endeavouring to exalt, enlarge the Liberties and Priviledges of the Church, by advancing William to the throne, putting by Robert, and obliging him by Oath, to preserve the peace, Liberties, Immunities of the Church against all men, and to obey their precepts, counsils intirely in all things; were by divine retaliation more frustrated of their expectations and pretended or real Liberties by him, then by his Father the Conqueror.

William Rufus being slain by casualty or rather treachery in NewForest An. 1100. (thereupon as our ancient Historians relate;) g 1.159 Cum Magnates Angliae ignorarent quid actum esset de Roberto Duce Normannorum, Regis defuncti fratre primoge∣nito, qui jam per quinquennium in expeditione Hierosolymitana moram pertraxerat, timuerunt diu sine regimine vacillare. Quod Henricus fratrum ultimus & juvenis sapientissimus, cum callidè cognovisset, congregato Londoniis Clero Angliae & populo universo, promisit emendationem legum, quibus oppressa fuerat Anglia tempore patris sui et fratris nuper defuncti, ut animos omnium in sui promotionem accen∣deret et amorem, et ut illum in Regem susciperent et patronum. Hereupon the Bishops and Clergy, to regain and enlarge their Priviledges, Ad haec Clero re∣spondente & Magnatibus cunctis, quod si animo volente ipsis vellet concedere, & char∣ta sua communire illas libertates et consuetudines antiquas, quae floruerunt in reg∣no tempore Sancti Regis Edwardi; in ipsum consentirent, et in Regem unanimiter consecrarent. Henrico autem hoc libenter annuente, et se id facturum cum jura∣mento affirmante, consecratus est in Regem apud Westmonasterium, in die Assump∣tionis beatae Mariae, favente Clero et populo, cui continuò à Mauritio Londinensi Episcopo, & à Thoma Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, (in the absence of Anselm Arch∣bishop of Canterbury) corona capiti imponitur. h 1.160 Eadmerus writes, that he sent Messengers and Letters to Archbishop Anselm then in exile, to hasten his comming into England; seipsum regnumque suum, ejus consilio ac moderamini se sub∣jecturum pollicens: In ipso suae consecrationis die, bonas et sanctas omni populo Leges se servaturum, et omnes oppressiones et iniquitates, quae sub fratre suo emerserant in omni sua Dominatione, tam in Ecclesiis quam in secularibus ne∣gociis prohibiturum et subversurum sposponderat. Et haec omnia JƲSJƲ∣RANDI interjectione firmata per totum regnum divulgatum ire praeceperat. Cum fuerat diademae insignitus, has libertates subscriptas in Regno, ad exalta∣tionem Sanctae Ecclesiae, et pacem populi tenendam concessit. * 1.161 Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliae, Hugoni de Boclande Vicecomiti, & omnibus fidelibus suis, tàm Francis quam Anglicis in Herefordscyre, salutem. Sciatis, me Dei misericor∣di••, & communi Consilio Baronum Regni Angliae, Regem esse coronatum. Et quia Regnum oppressum erat injustis exactionibus, ego respectu Dei & amore, quem erga vos omnes habeo, sanctam Dei Ecclesiam liberam facio, ita quod nec eam vendam, nec ad firmam ponam, nec mortuo Archiepiscopo, vel Episcopo, vel Abbate, aliquid accipiam de dominio Ecclesiae, vel de hominibus, donec suc∣cessor in eam ingrediatur, &c. This was one of the first considerable usurpations our Archbishops and Bishops made upon the Kings and Crown of England by virtue of this Kings Coronation Oath and Charter in pursuit thereof (being not next heir to the Crown, but Robert, whom they deprived of it) whereby they devested them of their ancient prerogative, to sell, farm out, or receive the fruits, profits of all or any Archbishopricks, Bishopricks, Abbies, Monasteries Temporalties during their vacancies, till their plenarties, under pretext of the Churches Liberties: and en∣couraged the Pope and Archbishop Anselm to extort from him soon after the anci∣ent

Right, Priviledge of Investitures of Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, per annulum et baculum; and publickly to renounce it, to the prejudice of his Successors, in a * 1.162 Council at London, Anno Dom. 1107. wherein, annuit Rex & statuit, ut ab eo tem∣pore in reliquum, nunquam per donationem baculi pastoralis bel annuli, quisquam de Episcopatu vel Abbatia per Regem vel quamlibet laicum manum Investiretur in Anglia; to the great impairing of the Rights of his Crown, Nobles, the disho∣nour of himself and his successors, and grand advancement of the Popes and Prelates Jurisdictions. Moreover this priviledge of crowning our Kings, and prescribing an Oath, Charter to King Henry when crowned, so puffed up Archbishop Ralph, (An∣selms next successor) that at the solemn Coronation of his Queen Adelicia, he imperiously commanded the King to pull off his Crown, and could hardly be per∣swaded by the Nobles present not to pull, or strike it off his head in a most arrogant manner, because he or his predecessor had not set it thereon; thus related by i 1.163 Mat∣thew Parker his successor, and others. Cum Rex post Pentecosten Londinum rediens corona insignitus in throno sederet, et tum Regina consecranda et coronanda esset, Rodulphus Archiepiscopus tunc missam celebraturus, sacris altaribus astitisset, ad∣vertit Regem sedere in solio suo coronatum, & admiratus est; Sciens regni coronam se illi non impos••isse, nec illam ab alio positam se praesente, jure ferre debutsse. Divertit igitur infulatus & sui Patriarchatus stola redimitus ab altari, & ad Re∣gem (quia absente Anselmo, à Thoma Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, in consecratione Diadema impositum ei est) accessit. Cui accedenti Rex comiter assurrexit. Quaesi∣vit Archi••piscopus, quis ejus capiti Coronam imposuisset? Ad quo Rex demisso vultu, Mea, inquit, haud refert, ideoque neque illius memini. At Archie∣piscopus atra bile percitus, inquit: Nullo id jure fecit, quisquis ille suerit: pro∣inde aut tu a gerenda Corona cessabis, aut ego ab administranda missa, nec quamdiu capiti suo hoc modo insederit, propositi negotii executor non existam. A•• haec Rex nihilò turbatus, vultu placido & modesto respondit: S••, ut a••s, hoc Diadema ca∣piti meo non jure imponitur, tu id facias, quod juri censeas consentaneum, ego non refragabor. Quo dicto, accessit propius Archiepiscopus, manusque ad Diadema Regis capiti detrahendum attollens, cum Rex etiam fibulam sub mento ligatam, qua Diadema capiti vinciretur, solveret; Proceres, Regis modestiam, et Archiepiscopi iracundiam admirantes, una voce in Archiepiscopum ferebantur, in∣stabant{que} ne in tam solemni Reginae coronatione Regi Diadema auferret. Quorum clamoribus actus Rodulphus vix est inflexus, quin Regiam coronam de capite Regis excussisset. Eadmerus, and Gervasius Dorobornensis write; Pontifex elevátis manibus sustulit coronam de capite Regis. Quod hi qui circumstabant intuentes, omnes clara voce Pontificem parcere, et Regio capiti Coronam remittere petiverunt. Adquievit ille, et mox juxta Regem Coronatum astans, Canticum Gloria in excelsis, exorsus est, & subsequentia, ut consuevit, choro canente, missa illa quietè peracta est. Ex quo perspici possit (writes Archbishop Parker) quam intempestive et impudenter le••i∣tate Principis, illius generis homines abusi sunt, qui Monachali sanctitate se dig∣niores reliouis, et in Principes habere imperium putabant; by this pretended Right of Crowning them.

Upon the death of this Archbishop Ralph, his next successor William Corbell, to∣gether with the rest of the Bishops advanced by this Kings favour, after his decease, thinking that King Henry (though very indulgent to them) used himself not alto∣gether for their purpose, and that they should do God good service in providing for the better advancement of the Church, if they might set up and create a King chiefly by their especial means and authority, who would follow their Counsel better, and reform such things as they judged amisse, (as k 1.164 Raphael Holinshed ob∣serves) contrary to their expresse Oathes to King Henry, and Maude his right heir (to crown her Queen after his decease,) most perfidiously put her by the Crown, (as they did Robert his elder brother, when they crowned him in his stead) electing and Crowning Stephen his Nephew against his and their Oaths, for their King; Wil∣lielmus quoque Cant. Archiepiscopus, qui primus Sacramentum secerat Impera∣trici de regno Angliae, Stephanum (prohdolor, adds Hoveden) in Regem benedixit. The Solemnities and Prayers used at his and his Queens Coronation, are at large recorded in Gervasius Tilburiensis his Chronica, col. 1587, 1588. to which I referr you. What new Oath, Articles the Prelates and Clergy for enlargement of their

Jurisdiction and Liberties prescribed to him, and what a new Prelatical Conditional Oath of fealty they took to him; l 1.165 William of Malmesbury living in that age will best inform us, who relates, Anno 1135. Non multo post adventum Comitis, jura∣verunt Episcopi sidelitatem Regi, (conditionally, that is, Trayt••rously I might say, writes m 1.166 Speed) quamdiu ille libertatem Ecclesiae et vigorem disciplinae conservaret: Ipse quoque juravit juxta tenorem scripti, quod sic habetur in subditis. Ego Stephanus gratia Cleri et populi in Regem Angliae electus, et a Domino Willielmo Archi∣episcopo Cantuariae, et Sanctae Ecclesiae Romanae Legato consecratus, et ab Inno∣centio Sanctae sedis Romanae Pontifice postmodum confirmatus, respectu et amore Dei, sanctam Ecclesiam liberam esse concedo, et debitam reverentiam illi confirmo. Nihil me in Ecclesia, vel in rebus Ecclesiastieis Symoniace acturum, vel permis∣surum esse promitto. Ecclesiasticarum personarum et omnium Clericorum, et re∣rum eorum justitiam et potestatem, et distributionem bonorum Ecclesiasticorum in manu Episcoporum esse perhibeo et confirmo. Dignitates Ecclesiarum privile∣giis earum confirmatas, et consuetudines earum antiquo tenore habitas, inviola∣te manere concedo et statuo. Omnes Ecclesiarum possessiones et tenuras, quas die illa habuerant, qua Willielmus Rex, avus mens, fuit vivus et mortuns, sine omnium calumniantium reclamatione eis liberas et absolutas esse concedo. Si quid vero de habitis aut possessis ante mortem Regis, quibus modo careat, Eccle∣sia deinceps repetierit, indulgentiae et dispensationi meae, vel discutiendum, vel restituendum reservo. Quaecunque vero post mortem Regis liberalitate Regum, largitione Principum, oblatione vel comparatione, vel qualibet transmutatione sidelium collata sunt, confirmo: pacem me et justitiam in omnibus facturum, et proposse meo conservaturum promitts. Forestas, quas Willielmus Rex avusmens, & Willielmus secundus Avunculus meus instituerunt & tenuerunt, mihi reservo. Caeteras omnes, quas Henricus Rex superaddidit, Ecclesiis et Regno, quietas reddo et concedo. Si quis autem Episcopus vel Abbas, vel alia Ecclesiastica perso∣na ante mortem suam rationabiliter sua distribuerit, vel distribuenda statue∣rit, firmum manere conceds. Si vero morte praeoccupatus fuerit, pro salute a∣nimae ejus Ecclesiae consilio eadem fiat distributio. Dum vero sedes propriis fue∣rint pastoribus vacuae, et ipsae et omnes earum possessiones in manu et custodia Clericorum, vel proborum hominum ejusdem Ecclesiae committantur, donec pa∣stor canonice substituatur. Omnes exactiones & mescheningas, & injustitias, sive per Vicecomites, vel per alios quoslibet malè induct as funditus extirpo. Bonas Leges, & antiquas, & justas consuetudines in murdris, & placitis, & aliis causis observabo, & observari praecipio, & constituo: apud Oxeneford Anno incarnationis Domini 1136. Regni mei primo. Nomina testium, qui multifuerunt, apponere fastidio; quia penè omnia it a perperam mutavit, (being destructive to, and inconsistent with the ancient Rights of the Crown) quasi ad hoc tantum jurasset, ut praevaricatorem Sacramen∣ti se regno toti ostenderet; as Malmesburiensis, and Matthew Paris too concludes almost in the same words, who recites the Heads of his Oath and Charter.

And here I cannot but observe the admirable Providence and divine Justice of God upon our perjured Bishops and Prelates; who violating their sacred Oaths to the Empresse Maude and her father, in disinheriting her and Crowning Ste∣phen, to advance their own Hierarchy, Canons, Liberties and Jurisdictions, to which they obliged him both by his premised Coronation Oath, Charter, and incoura∣ged him thereby to violate them soon after; yea, made him a principle instrument to imprison their persons, seise their Castles, Treasures, and trample their Canons under feet, burn, tear the Books of the Canon Law, by which he would not be judged, and prohibit all Lectures of it by Vacarius and others in the Ʋniversity of Oxford, to their great disappointment, discontent; and involved the whole Kingdom in bloudy wars du∣ring most of King Stephens reign, wherein these perfidious, ambitious Prelates were the greatest sufferers, as my n 1.167 First Tome will at large inform you. Moreover, it is observable, how God crossed the King by his Bshops, and made them enemies to each other in the point of crowning his son; An. 17 regni sui Rex Stephanus fili∣um suum Eustachium Regio Diademate voluit insignire: postulans igitur ab Archie∣piscopo Cantuariensi Theobaldo et caeteris Episcopis, ut eum in Regem unge∣rent, et benedictione sua confirmarent, repulsam passus est. Papa siquidem literis suis Archiepiscopo prohibuerat, ne filium Regis in Regem sublimarent; videlicet,

quia Rex Stephanus regnum contra jusjurandum praeripuisse videbatur. Intimo igitur dolore decoctus & ira nimia fervescens, tàm pater quàm filius in domo quadam omnes includi jusserunt, et vehementer angariantes, ut postulata peragerent, compellabant. Illi summo perterriti timore, (Rex namque Stephanus nunquam Clericos liquidè dilexerat, by reason of their perjury and encroachments on the Crown, & pridem duos incarceravit Episcopos) restiterunt tamen, capitum suo∣rum periculo nihil metuentes. Recesserunt tamen omnes illaesi. possessionibus quidem spoltati, quae postea Rege poenitente habuerunt; as o 1.168 Henry Huntindon and others story.

Upon the death of King Stephen, Anno 1154. who (after many years bloody intestine warrs) to procure his peace was enforced to adopt and declare Henry the 2^d, son of the Empresse Maude, to be both his adopted son, successor, and right heir to the Crown. Henry ariving in England, p 1.169 14 Kalendas Januarii die Do∣minica apud Westmonasterium ab omnibus Rex acclamatus, à Theobaldo Can∣tuariensi Archiepiscopo in Regem consecratur, benedicitur et inunctus est, praesen∣tibus Episcopis, & Baronibus regni Anglorum & Ducatus Normannorum; (Ra∣dulfus de Diceto addes, praesente Archiepiscopo Eboracensi & aliis Episcopis Angliae, Rogerus Eboracensis Archiepiscopus manum non opposuit:) h••reditariumque reg∣num fine diminutione suscepit, congaudentibus & conclamantibus turbis, Vivat Rex; writes the Chronicle of Bromton: Astantibus & cooperantibus Archiepisco∣pis duobus, Episcopis 14. Comitibus & Baronibus Anglicanis et transmarinis, & innumera multitudine plebis. Regina quoque Alienora, à Rege Francorum Ludovico repudiata, cum ipso Coronata est; as Gervasius Dorobornensis stories. Anno 1158. qui erat Annus 4. regni sui, idem Rex Henricus secundò se fecit coronari apua Lin∣colniam extra muros Civitatis in Wickeford. Anno Gratiae 1159. qui erat Annus 5. regni sui, idem Rex Henricus tertiò fecit se, et Alienor. uxorem suam coronari apud Werecestre; ubi cum ad oblationem venirent, deposuerunt coronas suas, et ras super altare obtulerunt; voventes Deo, quod nunquam in vita sua de caetero coronarentur; as q 1.170 Roger de Hoveden, with r 1.171 others story. I finde no mention of any Oath prescribed to him by the Bishops, or taken by him at either of these 3. Coronations in any of our Historians, which they would have mentioned, had he taken any; the last Oath prescribed by the Bishops to King Stephen being such, as the Bishops who opposed his Title durst not tender him at his Corona∣tions.

s 1.172 Anno 1170. King Henry the 2^d. resolving to Crown his son Henry King in his life-time, Idibus Julii, Convenerunt ad mandatum Regis Anglorum Henrici apud Westmonasterium, Rogerus Archiepiscopus & omnes Suffraganei Cantuari∣ensis Ecclesiae Episcopi ad Coronationem Henrici filii Regis primogeniti, qui patre jubente coronatus est solenniter a Rogero Eboracensi Archiepiscopo 14 Kalendas Julii, contra prohibitionem Domini Papae; qui literas ipsi Archiepiscopo & aliis Episcopis in haec verba direxit.—Universitati vestrae auctoritate Apostolica penitus inhibemus, ne quisquam vestrum novum Regem coronando, si fortè casus emerserit, absque assensu Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi, et Cantuariensis Ecclesiae conniventia, secundum ejus antiquam consuetudinem et dignitatem manum ap∣ponere, qualibet occasione praesumat, aut id aliquatenus attemptare.—Sed haec frustra, quia antequam literae essent promulgatae, negotium fuerat consummatum. Hereupon, t 1.173 Pope ••lexander the 3d. (at Archbishop Beckets instigation, then in exile for his Rebellion and Sedition against the King,) excommunicated the Bi∣shops of London, Salisbury, and most other B••shops of England, and suspended the Archbishop of Yorke, the Bishop of Durham, together with the B••shops of Exeter, Chester, Rochester, St. Assaph and Landaff, ab omni officio Episco••ali et di••ni••ac••, pro remeraria praesumptione in Coronatione novi Regis, con••••m••to Thoma Ca••••••ariensi Archiepis••opo, ad cujus officium de antiquo jure dinoscitur pertinere. I•• Coronati••ne vero illius, NULLA de more, DE CONSERVAN∣DA ECCLESIAE LIBERTATE, CAUTIO JURATORIA EST PRAESTITA,

NEC (sicut aiunt) A VOBIS EXACTA: (as this Pope writ to these Bishops, for which he and Becket were much incensed against them) Sed potius JURA∣MENTO ASSERITUR CONFIRMATUM, ut Regni consuetudines antiquas, SUB QUIBUS DIGNITAS PERICLITATUR ECCLESIAE, illibatae debeant omni tempore observari. In quo etsi multum praenominati Regis vehementia nos perturbat, amplius tamen de vestra et aliorum Episcoporum vestrorum possumus infirmitate moveri, qui quod dolendo diximus, facti sunt arietes non haventes cornua, &c. Nove∣ritis itaque vos, tamdiu av Episcopali officio, commissa Nobis a Deo auctoritate sus∣pensos, donec ad sedem Apostolicam, de tanto excessu satisfactur•• accedatis, nisi praefato Archiepiscopo ita satisfacere curaveritis, ut poenam istam ipse judicet re∣laxandam. These high affronts, (together with u 1.174 Beckets insolent Letter to the King, telling him; That by the Canon not Common Lawes, nor yet by the Se∣cular power, but by the Bishops and Priests, Almighty God would have the Clergy of the Christian Church to be governed and ruled; that Christian Kings ought to submit all their doings unto Ecclestastical Rulers, and not to preferre themselves; for it is written (in the Canon Law) That none ought to judge the Bishops, but only the Church, neither doth it pertain to mans Law to give sen∣tence upon any such; but many Bishops have excommunicated Kings and Empe∣rors, &c.) so highly incensed x 1.175 King Henry the 2d. against Pope Alexander, that by the advise of Gilbert Bishop of London and others, he sent expresse Messen∣gers and solemn Letters to this Pope, in quibus expresse Domino Papae denuncia∣rent, quod nisi superbiam Thomae Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi severitatis pede con∣tereret; Ipse, et omnes Barones Angliae, cum viris Ecclesiasticis ab ejus obedi∣entia recederent: And the King was so extraordinarily enraged against Archbishop y 1.176 Becket, that he was almost besides himself; asserens, se ignobiles et ignovos ho∣mines nutrivisse, quorum nec unus tot sibi illatas injurias voluerit vindicare. Whereupon 4. of his Courtiers jur amento se constrinx••runt, to reduce Becket to a dutifull submission to the King, by absolving those Bishops excommunicated and suspended for Crowning his sonne; (unde videtur, quod ei vellet Coronam de Ca∣pite ••ollere; as they told Becket,) or else to kill him; who refusing to absolve them upon the Kings Message to, and their expostulations with him, they thereupon slew him as an incorrigible obstinate Traytor, and Rebel to his Soveraign, though soon after Canonized, adored by the Pope and Clergy for a most glorious Saint and Martyr for the Liberties of Holy Church, whose blood was more effectual to save those who prayed to him, then the blood of Christ himself.

From which passages, I shall observe these three particulars; 1. What a usurp∣ed absolute power Becket and the Archbishops of Canterbury claimed, in and by reason of their frequent Coronation of our Kings, that they must not be crowned but by what Bishops they pleased, as a right belonging to them, the violation where∣of, though by our Kings expresse commands in their absence, demerited the se∣verest Ecclesiastical censures. 2ly. Pope Alexanders and Beckets outragious in∣dignation against the Archbishop of Yorke, and other Bishops who crowned young King Henry, for not proposing to, and exacting from him a Cautionary Oath at his Coronation, for the confirmation of the Churches Liberties, which they imposed on and exacted from Henry the 1. and King Stephen, to the great derogation of the Churches honor and priviledges, but only this laudable, usu••l Oath, perpetually to maintain the antient Constitutions and Liberties of the Kingdom, by which the pretended Liberties and Canons of the Church they contended for were endange∣red. 3ly. King Henry the 2. his great indignation, magnanimous Opposition and resolution against these usurpations and proceedings both of the Pope and Arch∣bishops, as tending to his uncrowning, unkinging; threatning totally to renounce and cast off both the Pope and Church of Rome, if they did not right him therein against Beckets insolencies: and animating his Courtiers to kill him as an unsuffe∣rable, incorrigible Arch-Traytor, not worthy to breath any longer within his Dominions.

King Henry deceasing Anno 1189. Richard the 1. his son and heir repairing in∣to England, was Crowned with extraordinary solemnity, ceremonies and prayers by Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury, Anno 1189. die Dominica 3. Septembri••; the solemnities and prayers used at his Coronation are at large related by z 1.177 〈◊〉〈◊〉

phus de Diceto, a 1.178 Gervasius Dorobornensis, b 1.179 the Chronicle of Bromton, c 1.180 Henry Huntin∣don, d 1.181 Matthew Paris, e 1.182 Thomas Walsingham, and f 1.183 others. The Oath he then took at the High Altar in Westminster Abbey, is thus registred in Bromton. Coram praedict is Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, (there named) Clero & populo Richardus Dux haec tria Sacramenta fecit. Inprimis, itaque juravit & vovit Sacrosanctis Evangeliis, & plurimorum Sanctorum reliquiis coram co positis, quod pacem et honorem et reverentiam omnibus diebus vitae suae portabit Deo et Sanctae Ecclesiae, et ejus ordinatis. Deinde, juravit quod rectam justitiam exerce∣bit in populo sibi commisso. Deinde, juravit quod Leges malas & consuetudines per∣versas, si aliquae sint in Regno suo, delebit, & bonas custodiet. Deinde exuerunt eum vestibus suis quibus indutus fuerat, &c. Deinde Archiepiscopus Cantuar. unxit eum in Regem, infundens oleum sanctum desuper eum in tribus locis, scilicet in capite, in scapulis, et in brachio dextero, cum orationibus, &c. Deinde posuit super caput ejus consecratum pannum, &c. Deinde vestierunt eum Regalibus vestimentis, &c. De∣inde tradidit ei Archiepiscopus gladium, &c. Deinde indutus mantello, ductus est ad altare, et conjuratus ab Archiepiscopo et prohibitus ex parte Dei, ne hunc hono∣rem sibi assumat, nisi in mente habeat tenere sacramenta et vota quae superius fecit, (not used to any of our precedent Kings at their Coronations) Et ipse respondet, Se per Dei auxilium omnia supradicta observaturum bona fide. Deinde cepit coro∣nam de altari, & tradidit eam Archiepiscopo, qui posuit eam super caput Regis; et sic Coronatus, Rex ductus est ad sedem suam, &c. Quia verò tunc temporis Londoniensis vacabat Ecclesia, Radulphus de Diceto Ecclesiae S. Pauli Decanus, tam in Dleo sancto, quam in Chrismate ministravit Archiepiscopo, as Diceto him∣self and Walsingham relate.

g 1.184 Anno 1194. King Richard the 1. upon his return from the Holy Land, and re∣demption from his long captivity; in the 5. year of his reign, apud Wintoniam in Octabis Paschae, Consilio Primatum suorum, licet aliquantulum renitens ignominia captivitatis jam detersa, quast Rex novus solenniter Coronatus est, Huberto Can∣tuariensi Archiepiscopo missam celebrante, & Williemo Rege Scottorum piissimo tune praesente. Post Coronationis suae solempnia (not particularly related) portus ma∣rinos statuit observare, &c. I find no Coronation Oath then prescribed to or taken by him at this his second Crowning.

King Richard deceasing Anno 1199. thereupon Earl John his brother, was crowned and sworn Duke of Normandy at Rhoan, and afterwards crowned King of England, rather by election then as an hereditary King, (Arthur Duke of Bri∣tain, son of his elder brother, having the best right to the Crown, as many asserted) whose Coronation h 1.185 Mat. Paris, Hoveden, and others out of them, thus relate. Comes Johannes Rothomagum veniens, in Octavis Paschae gladio Ducatus Norman∣niae accinctus est, in matrice Ecclesia, per Ministerium Walteri Rothomagensis Ar∣chiepiscopi, ubi Archiepiscopus memoratus ante majus Altare in capite ejus posuit Cir∣culum aureum, habentem in summitate per gyrū rosulas aureas artificialiter fabricatas. Et Dux coram Clero et populo juravit super reliquias sanctorum et super Evange∣lia sacrosancta, quod ipse sanctam Ecclesiam et ejus Dignitates bona fide et sine malo ingenio defenderet, et ordinatos honoraret: Juravit etiam, quod Leges ini∣quas, siquae essent, destrueret, & bonas surrogaret. Per idem tempus, Dux Nor∣manniae Johannes transfretavit in Angliam, & apud Sorham applicuit octavo Ka∣lendas Junii, & in crastino vigilia, viz. Dominicae Ascensionis, Londonias venit, ibidem coronandus. Congregatis itaque in adventu ejus, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Comitibus, & Baronibus, atque aliis omnibus, qui ejus coronationi interesse debuerunt, Archiepiscopus stans in medio omnium, dixit: Audite universi, Noverit discretio vestra, quod nullus praevia ratione alii succedere habet regnum, nisi ab universi∣tate Regni unanimiter, invocata Spiritus gratia electus, et secundum morum suorum eminentiam praeelectus; ad exemplum & similitudinem Saul primi Regis inuncti, quem praeposuit Dominus populo suo, non Regis filium, nec de Regali stirpe procreatum. Similiter, post eum David Semei filium: hunc quia strenuum & aptum dignitati Regiae, illum quia sanctum & humilem. Ut sic qui cunctos in reg∣no supereminet strenuitate, omnibus praesit & potestate & regimine. Verum si quis ex stirpe Regis defuncti aliis praepolleret, pronius et promptius in electionem ejus est consentiendum. Haec idcircò diximus, pro inclyto Comite Johanne, qui

presens est, frater illustrissimi Regis nostri Richardi jam defuncti, qui haerede ca∣ruit ab eo egrediente, qui providus & strenuus & manifestè nobilis, quem nos, invocata Spiritus sancti gratia, ratione tam meritorum, quam sanguinis Regii unanimiter elegimus universi. Erat autèm Archiepiscopus vir profundi pectoris, & in regno singularis columna stabilitatis, & sapientiae incomparabili••. Nec aust erant alii super his adhuc ambigere, scientes quod sine causa hoc non sic distinive∣rat. Verum Comes Johannes & omnes hoc acceptabant, ipsumque Comitem in Re∣gem eligentes et assumentes, exclamant dicentes, UIUAL REX. Interrogatus autem posteà Archiepiscopus Hubertus, quare haec dixisset; respondit, se praesaga mente conjecturate, & quibusdam oraculis edoctum & certificatum fuisse, quod ipse Johan∣nes Regnum et coronam Angliae foret aliquando corrupturus, et in magnam confu∣sionem praecipitaturus. Et ne haberet liberas habenas hoc faciendi. Ipsum electione non successione haereditaria, eligi debere affirmavit. Archiepiscopus autem impo∣nens capiti ejus coronant, unxit eum in Regem apud Westmonasterium, scilicet in Ecclesia Principis Apostolorum, Dominicae Ascensionis die, sexto Kalendas Junii, Philippo Dunelmensi Episcopo appellante, sed non obtinente, ne coronatio illa ••••eret in absentia G. Archiepiscopi Eboracensis. In hac Coronatione Rex Johan∣nes triplici involutus est sacramento: Quod viz. Sanctam Ecclesiam et ejus ordi∣natos diligeret, et eam ab incursione malignantium indemnem conservaret: &, quod perversis Legibus destructis, bonas substitueret, et rectam justitiam in Regno Angliae exerceret. Deinde adjuratus est ab eodem Archiepiscopo ex parte Dei, et districte prohibitus, ne honorem hunc accipere praesumeret, nisi in mente habeat opere, quod juraverat, adimplere. Ad hoc ille respondens, promisit se per auxili∣um Dei, bona fide, ea quae juraverat, servaturum. In crastino autem, homagiis & fidelitatibus acceptis, &c.

In this Kings Coronation (during whose reign the Pope and Prelates usurped more, and greater Jurisdictions over his Person, Crown, Realm, than in all former Kings reigns, as i 1.186 i 1.187 I have already evidenced) we may observe: First, Archbishop Huberts arrog••n••, cunning, disloyal speech; wherein by his own Archiepisco∣pal Authority (as the Grand Oracle, Pillar both of Church and State) he procla∣med before all the rest of the Bishops of England, (being 13 in number named by ^k Hoveden) besides Johanne Dublinensi, & de Raguse Archiepiscopo, & Rogero de Sancto Andraeae in Scotia, being there present and assenting to it, and before all the Nobles and people then present at his Coronation; That the Crown of England was meerly Arbitrary, and elective at the peoples devotion, adding to the Lay-Peers Conditions, these his Clergy Sophismes, and second séed-plot of Treasons; im∣plying, That as he got the Crown by election, so he might as justly lose it, by e∣jection or demerit, (as he afterwards did, upon this very ground, as l 1.188 John Speed observes.) 2ly. That he prescribed him a Coronation Oath, different from, and larger in the first Clause concerning the Church, then that of King Richard the first.

In the 9th year of his reign, the m 1.189 Bishops of London, Ely, Worcester, Hereford, Bath and Wells, interdicting the Realm by Pope Innocent the 3d. his command; (at the instigation of Simon Langeton Archbishop of Canterbury) who afterwards at their instigation excommunicated and deprived King John of his Crown, and be∣fore his absolution by force and fraud they compelled him to take this Oath, for sa∣tisfying of 40000 Marks, and all other damages to themselves, ratified with his Charter, and the Oathes, Charters of the Nobles and other Sureties therein named.

EGO Johannes Dei gratia Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae, * 1.190 Aquitaniae, & Comes Andeg. praestito juramento promitto, quod tantam pecu∣niam in manus venerabilium patrum S. Cantuar. Archiepiscopi, & W. London, H. Lincoln. ac E. Elyensis Episcoporum, vel eorum quos ad hoc duxerint deputandos, restituam hiis quibus facienda est restitucio, computatis illis quam persolvi eidem Archiepiscopo & Episcopis, aut aliis hoc negocium contingentibus, de ipsius consi∣lio vel mandato, quod summam Quadraginta Millium marcarum complebo; quibus solutis, et cautione praestita inferiùs annotata, necnon relaxata sentencia Interdicti, deinde singulis annis duodecim Millia marcarum in duobus terminis, commemo∣ratione videlicet Omnium Sanctorum sex Millia, et totidem festo Ascensionis, apud

Ecclesiam Sancti Pauli London. eisdem faciam exhiberi, donec tota summa fuerit persoluta quae taxante Summo Pontifice, declarabitur per inquificionem de man∣dato ejus proinde faciendam. Et ad hoc fideliter exequendum, obligo me per pro∣prium juramentum, ac per patentes literas stgillo meo munitas, necnon per * 1.191 fidejussionem venerabilium patrum P. Winton. & J. Norwic. Episcoporum, ac¦nobilium virorum Cestrensis & Winton. Comitum, & Willielmi Briwerr. atque Wil∣lielmi Marescalli Com. de Penbroc, si fuerit praesens in Angl. vel Comitis de Ferrar. seu Com. Arundell. si dictus Willielmus Marescall. forsitan absens fuerit, eorum ju∣ramentis et litteris roboratam; Ita quod tam haeredes mei quam successores eorum pari obligacione teneantur astricti. Et si forsitan quisquam de successoribus eorun∣dem vel nequiverint vel nolucrint ad hanc ••obligacionem induci, ego alium idoneum fidejussorem constituam, secundum formam inferiùs annotatam: Actum autem est hoc apud Andegav. septimo-decimo die Junii, anno regni nostri sexto-decimo, Coram Magistro Pand. Domini Papae Subdiacono & familiari ad hoc specialiter destinato, in praesencia venerabilium patrum J. Norwic. & W. Andeg. Episcoporum; R. Com. Cestr. W. Com. de Ferrar. Magistri Alani & Walteri Clericorum Domini Cantu∣ar. Archiepiscopi, Regin. de Pontibus senioris, Pagani de Rupe forti, & Thom. de Erdinton.

This Oath and † 1.192 Caution being given to them before their return into England, upon their arrival here soon after in the 15. year of his reign, they likewise en∣forced him to take these New Oaths they prescribed to him, before they would absolve him from his Excommunication, and the Kingdom from the Popes Inter∣dict; thus related by Matthew Paris. n 1.193 Rex autem cum Episcoporum adventum cognovisset, venit obviam illis, & viso Archiepiscopo et Episcopis, cecidit pronus ad terram ad pedes eorum, lachrymis profufis, ut de se et de regno Angliae mi∣sericordiam haberent. Videntes ergo Archiepiscopus & Episcopi tantam Regis hu∣militatem, (which had better became them than him) cum lachrymis illum de terra levaverunt, ducentes à dextris & à sinistris, ad ostium Ecclefiae Cathedralis, ubi cum Psalmo Quinquagesimo, videntibus Magnatibus cunctis, & ubertim prae gaudio flentibus, sicut mos est Ecclesiae, illum absolverunt in Capitulo Wintoniensi. In hac autem absolutione juravit Rex, tactis sacrosanctis Ebangeliis, (as if he were then re-crowned, and made King de novo) quod sanctam Ecclestam, ejus∣que ordinatos diligeret, defenderet et manuteneret, contra omnes adversarios su∣os pro posse suo; quodque bonas leges Antecessorum suorum, et praecipue Leges Edwardi Regis revocaret, et iniquas destrueret, et omnes homines suos secundunt justa Curiae suae judicia judicaret, quodque fingulis redderet jura sua. Juravit etiam, quod omnibus ad Interdicti negotium pertingentibus infra proximum Pascha plenariam restitutionem faceret ablatorum, sin autem, in pristinam ex∣communicationis sententiam revocaretur. Juravit praeterea Innoceutio Papae ejusque Catholicis successoribus, fidelitatem et obedientiam, sicut * 1.194 superius in scripto redactam continetur. These new Oaths being thus extorted from him, this Trayterous Archbishop on the 8. of September being assembled cum Episco∣pis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Decanis, & Baronibus in Civitate London. apud San∣ctum Paulum; In hoc colloquio convocatis seorsim quibusdam regni Proceribus cepit affari eos secretius in hunc modum, (to raise up a new Rebellion against him;) Au∣distis quomodo IPSE apud Winton, Regem absolvi, ET IPSUM JURARE COM∣PULERIM, quod leges iniquas destrueret, & leges bonas, viz. Leges Edwardi re∣vocaret, et in regno faceret ab omnibus observari, &c. Which Clause thus impo∣sed on, and extorted from him in his new Oath by this Archbishop, differing from that at his Cornation, (agreeing with that extorted for the Conqueror) was af∣terwards inserted into the Coronation Oaths of King Edward the 3d. and Richard the 2d. by their Bishops, and is still continued.

King John soon after at the Bishop of Londons request, issued this Writ to release a Clerk imprisoned in the Fleet, from prosecuting a suit in Court Christian for a Lay-fee, against his Prohibition.

REX Custodi Carceris le Flete, salutem. Mandamus tibi, quod Willielmum de * 1.195 Bureford Clericum, qui captus fuit et incarceratus, eo quod secutus est pla∣citum

in Curia Christianitatis de laico feodo Willielmi de Fulebret & Sibillae uxo∣ris suae contra Prohibitionem Iusticiariorum, liberari fac. Venerabili patri W. London. Episcopo; quia ille manucepit, quod ille recto habebit, ubi illum habere de∣bebit. Et in hujus, &c. T. meipso apud Novum Templum London. 20 die No∣vembr. Clergymen being then imprisoned for such contempts, notwithstanding their pretended Liberties, and this Kings new Oath.

o 1.196 King John departing this life An. 1217. (qui se multis exosum praebuit, tum propter tributum, quo sub perpetua serbitute regnum Angliae & Hyberniae com∣pedivit, tum propter guerram quam sua merita provocarunt, &c. vix alicujus meruit lamentatione deplorari; as Mat. Westminster writes.) Lewes the French Usurper and the Barons adhering to him being then possessed of London and Westminster, Henry the 3d. his sonne was thereupon Crowned at Glocester (when he was but 9. years of age,) thus related by Matthew Paris. Defuncto Johanne Anglo∣rum Rege, convenerunt apud Gloverniam in vigilia Apostolorum Simonis & Judae, in praesentia Walonis Apostolicae sedes Legati, Petrus Wintoniensis, Jocelinus Ba∣thoniensis, & Sylvester Wygorniensis Episcopi; Ranulphus Comes Cestrensis, Willielmus Mareschallus Comes Pembroc. Willielmus Comes de Ferrariis, Johannes Marescallus, Philippus de Albeneio, cum Abbatibus, Prioribus, & turba multà nimis, ut Henricum Johannis Regis filium primogenitum in Regem Angliae exalta∣rent. In crastino autem, paratis omnibus ad coronationem necessariis, Legatus supradictus associatis sibi Episcopis & Comitibus memoratis, duxerunt eum ad Eccle∣siam Conventualem cum processione solcmni, Regem acclamando. Ʋbi ante majus alta∣re constitutus, juravit coram Clero et populo, appositis sibi sacrosanctis Evangeliis & plurimorum Sanctorum reliquiis, dictante juramentum Jocelino Bathoniensi, Quod honorem, pacem, et reverentiam portabit Deo et Sanctae Ecclesiae, et ordina∣tis, omnibus diebus vitae suae. Iuravit etiam, quod in populo sibi commisso, rectam justitiam tenebit: quodque Leges malas, & iniquas consuetudines, si quae sunt in reg∣no, delebit, & bonas observabit, & ab omnibus faciet observari. Deinde, fecit bo∣magium Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae et Innocentio Papae de regno Angliae & Hy∣berniae; et juravit, quod mille marcas, quas Pater ejus Romanae contulerat Ec∣clesiae, fideliter persolveret, quamdiu praedicta regna teneret. Et his it a gestis, Pe∣trus Wintoniensis & Johannis Bathoniensis Episcopi, ipsum in Regem ungentes, coronaverunt solenniter cum canticis et modulationibus, quae in coronationibus Regum solent decantari. p 1.197 Henry de Knyghton writes, Coronatus est & in Regem consecratus, astante Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo Stephano, per manum Walli, Aposto∣licae sedis Legati. But Matthew Paris living and writing in that age, and Thomas Walsingham are to be credited before him, who writ but in the latter end of King Richard the 2d. his reign. Tandem expletis Missarum solenniis, duxerunt Regem cum processione solemni, Episcopi & Comites sae••edicti, regalibus indutum, ad mensam; ubi omnes in ordine suo consedentes, epulabantur in laetitia & exultatione. In Cra∣stino autem Rex cepit homagia e•• sidelitates ad omnibus Episcopis, Comitibus, et Baronibus, aliisque omnibus qui aderant, et omnes ei fidelissimum obsequi∣um promiserunt.

Wherein we may observe; 1. That King Henry by and with the advise of the Popes Legate, as well as of his Nobles, was anoynted and crowned King, not by the Archbishop of Canterbury, but by the Bishops of Winchester and Bath; and that not as an elective King, as his Father King John; and as Lewes the French Kings son, elected, crowned King by the rebellious Barons, but soon after rejected, and sent packing into France, never to return again into England. 2ly. A Corona∣tion Oath administred to him though but an infant of 9. years, the same in sub∣stance with that which his Father King John took at his Coronation. 3ly. A new Additional Clause added to it by the Popes Legate, never taken by any King be∣fore or since, faithfully to pay the 1000. marks which his father had conferred on the Church of Rome, so long as he should hold the Kingdomes of England and Ireland, for which he made his homage to the Church of Rome and Pope Innocent before his actual Uncton and Coronation, as King. 4ly. That the next day after he re∣ceived all the Homages and Fealties of the Bishops, Earls, Barons, and others, as his father did at his Coronation, who very ill observed them.

q 1.198 Anno 1220. Coronatus est idem Rex apud Westmonasterium, in die Sanctae Pen∣tecostes à Stephano Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, praesente Clero & populo totius regni; or praesentibus Pandulpho Legato, Episcopis, & aliis Pralatis, Comitibus, Baronibus & Majoribus Angliae; as Matthew Westminster stories; 16 Kalendas Junii, Anno regni suo quinto; without any new Oath or Unction mentioned by our Historians (whether antient or modern) who relate it.

r 1.199 In the last of those 50 Articles pro quibus Episcopi Angliae fuerant pugnaturi, drawn up by them in the 41 year of King Henry the 3d. they thus complained. Cum Dominus Rex juraverit in Coronatione sua conservare jura et libertates Ecclesiis datas, et eas consirmaverit in principio Magnae Chartae; incessanter tamen a Ministris suis impug••antur, turbantur, & mutilantur, non solum generales, sed etiam speciales, datas scilicet per praedecessores suos, & ab ipsis confirmat••••, & etiam de novo datas, &c. But I finde no such expresse Clause as this mentioned by our Historians in the Coronation Oath prescribed to him, as they here alledged, but only in * 1.200 subsequent Oaths; by which they endeavoured to justifie all their encroachments upon the Kings Prerogative and Subjects Liberties, comprised in their 50. Articles, and their Antimonarchical Constitutions made in the Council of Lambeth under Archbishop Boniface held that year, against the Kings expresse Prohibitions.

King Henry after a very troublesom, yet the longest reign of any King before or since, departing this world Anno 1272. when his Sonne Prince Edward was war∣ring in the Holy Land against the Saracens; he was presently proclaimed King, but not crowned till after his arrival in England in the year 1274. the manner whereof is thus related by s 1.201 Matthew Westminster, t 1.202 Walfingham, and u 1.203 others out of them, Dominica inter Octavas Assumptionis B. Virginis, in Ecclesia Westm. Eadwardus in Regem inungitur, et Aelianora, soror Regis Hispaniae, in Reginam, a Roberto Archiepiscopo Cantuar. xiiii. Kal. Septembr, pariter coronantur. Huic Coronationi interrerant Alex. Rex Scotiae, & J. Comes Britanniae, cum suis uxcri∣bus, sororibus quidem Regis Eadwardi. Et in crastino Coronationis suae recepto pub∣licè homagio & fidelitate Alexandri Regis Scotiae, &c. Not one Historian or Record mention any particular Oath or demand then exacted from, made or taken by him to or before this Archbishop at his Coronation. In the Patent Rolls in the se∣cond year of his reign there is only this Memorandum entred of his Coronation. * 1.204 Memorandum, quod Edwardus Rex Angl. applicuit apud Dovorr. die Jovis proxi∣ma post festum Sancti Petri ad vincula Anno Domini M. CC. LXXIV. Et die Do∣minica prox. sequente sollempniter coronatus fuit in Ecclesia beati Petri Westm. An∣no Domini supradicto, & anno regni ejusdem Regis secundo; Without recording any Oath then taken or Promise made by him, to maintain the Bishops, Clergies, Chur∣ches pretended exorbitant Rights, Liberties, and Usurpations on his Crown or Dignity; Yet certain it is he took an Oath to maintain and preserve the rights of his Crown and the Lawes, as these Clauses and the like (frequent in sundry of his Prohibitions to Popes Delegates, Bishops, and others) evidence, Tepescere non pos∣sumus, quin exhaeredationem nostram quae statum Coronae nostrae contigit, sicut EX SACRAMENTI VINCULO ASTRINGIMUR pro viribus evitemus. x 1.205 Ne Coronae et dignitatis nostrae jura depereant studiosam nos debet operam adhibere, et ad ea manutenenda et conservanda eo potius debemus esse solliciti, quo ad hoc VINCULO JURAMENTI TENERI DINOSCIMUR & ASTRINGI; he opposing the Popes and Prelates Incroachments of usurped Jurisdiction to the pre∣judice of his Crown, more then all his premised predecessors, as obliged thereun∣to by his Coronation Oath.

His Sonne y 1.206 Edward the 2d. succeeding him, and reigning as a King by descent one whole year or more before he was Crowned, Anno 1309, sexto Kal. Martii, die videlicet Sancti Matthaei Apostoli Rex et Regina cum solennitate maxima apud Westm. ab Episcopo Winton. and others, (Commissione Roberti Archiepiscopi Cantuariae exulantie, as some; or as William Thorne stories, adhuc in Romana Curia agente, et eisdem vices suas committentis) magnifice coronatur. Cice∣strensis and Henry de Knyghton adde, these Bishops crowned him auctoritate Papae Clementis, eo quod Robertus Cantuariensis tunc apud Romam exulabat, for his Treasons against King Edward the 1. Of which this Pope made this advantage, to interpose his usurped Authority in this Coronation: (as his predecessor did in the

case of young King Henry during Beckets exile) which yet met with some rubbs from the Nobles, who requested him to remove Peter Gaveston from his Court; sed R••x noluit consentire: idcirco proposuerunt Comites Coronationem Regiam impedire. Quod Rex intelligens, promisit bona fide, se facturum illis in Parlia∣mento proximo quicquid peterent, ta••um ne coronatio differatur; yet he ind••s∣screetly, Coronam Sancti Edwardi (wherewith be was Crowned) tradidit Petro ad portandum manibus inquinatis; ex quo non immcritò indignati sunt populus atque Clerus. Fuit autem ibi tanta congressio populi, ut nec Regi Cor••nato, nec Episcopis ipsum Coronaturis pepercit violentia populi, et ideo cum festinatione nimia et quasi sine reveren••ia fuit is••a solemnizatio consummata; as Walsing∣ham stories. What Oath they then administred to the King in this crowd and confusion, is not particularly related by any Historian or Record I have seen: On∣ly I finde in the z 1.207 Register of Writs and sundry Records, that this King inserted this Clause into his Prohibitions and Writs, ad Jura Regia; Eo studiosius nos decet operam adhibere, & solicitius extendere manam nostram, quod ad hoc VINCULO JURA∣MENTI teneri dinoscimur & astringi. And that in the 14th year of his reign he refused to secure or remove from him the two Spensers till the next Parliament, upon some of the Barons demands, or to give them a safe conduct to repair to his Parliament besides his Writ of Summons, upon this ground among others; a 1.208 Po∣stremò cum juramento addidit, quod noluit Sacramentum violare ad quod adstrictus fuerat IN CORONATIONE SUA, concedendo literas pacis et indulgentiae tam notorie delinquentibus in suae personae contemptum, et totius regni perturbatio∣nem, et Majestatis Regiae laesionem; as those Lords were guilty of, who resused to come to his Parliament upon summons, raised forces against him and the Spensers, and yet presumed to demand his Letters of pardon for themselves and their Com∣panions; which Clauses referr only to the second Clause in the Oath of King Edward the 2d. and 3d, concerning the peace of the Realm.

Anno gratiae 1327. Upon the forcible trayterous imprisoning, deposing of King b 1.209 Edward the 2d. by his Queen, and Earl Mortimer, and electing his son Edward the 3d. King in his stead, whiles living, cui Electioni consensit Archiepiscopus Can tuariae et omnes Praelati; & Archiepiscopus assumpto themate, Vox populi, vox Dei sermonem fecit populo, exhortans omnes, ut apud Regem Regum intercederent pro¦electo; Coronatus est apud Westmonasterium per Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum Walterum in Regem (qui Regem patrem plane deseruit) die Dominica in vigilia Purificationis, as Cicestrensis and Matthew Westminster; or in Conversione Sancti Pauli, viz. 8 Kalendarum Februarii, as others write. None of our Historians make any particular mention what Oath he took; I shall therefore present you with this Memorandum both of the day of his Coronation, and the Interrogati∣ons and Oath then tendred to him out of the Clause Rolls in the Tower.

MEmorandum, quod die Dominica post festum Conversionis Sancti Pauli Anno * 1.210 Domini Millesimo CCC vicesimo sexto, litera Dominicali currente per V. coronatus fuit in Regem, et inunctus Dominus Edwardus filius Regis Edwardi post Conquestum tercius, anno regni sui primo, in Ecclesia B. Petri Westm. ante mag∣num altare, per manus venerabilis patris W. Cantuar. Archiepiscopi, tocius Angl. Primatis, praesentibus tunc ibidem venerabilibus patribus J Elien. Cancellar. A. Hereford. Thes. J. Winton. J. Cicestren. T. Wygornien. L. Dunolmen. H. Lincoln. J. Landaven. & W. Norwycen. Episcopis, Thoma Norff. & Mares••allo Angl. Edmundo Kanc. Henr. Lanc. Johanne Surr. & Sussex, Johanne de Boun Hereford & Essex Comitibus, Johanne de Hanaud, Rogero de Mortuo Mari, Hen. de Bello Monte, ac aliis Magnatibus tocius Regni. Et fuerunt verba Regis in coronacione praedicta sub Iuramento praestito, ut patet inferiùs.

Sire,

volez vous granter, et garder, et per vestre Serement confirmer au poeple Dengleterre, les Leys et les Custumes a eux grantes per les aunciens Rois Deng∣leterre voz predecess••urs, droitus et devotz a Dieu, et noméement les Leys, les Custumes, et les Fraunchises grantez au Clerge et au poeple par le glorious Roy Seint Edward verstre predec ssour?

Respons.

Ieo les grante et promette.

Sire,

garderez vous a Dieu et a Seinte Eglife et au Clerge, et au poeple, pees et acord en Dieu entierement, solonc vestre poair?

Respons.

Ieo les garderai.

Sire, fréez vouz faire en toutz voz jugementz ovele et droite justice et discreci∣on, en misericorde et verite a vestre poair?

Respons.

Ieo les fray.

Sire,

grantez vous a tenir et garder les Leys et les Custumes droitureles, les quelx la Communate de vestre Koiaume aurai eflu, et les defendrez et afforcerez al honeur de dieu, a vestre poair?

Respons.

Ieo les graunte et promette.

Without any other Interrogation, Admonition or Clause, concerning maintain∣ing and defending the holy Church and her Liberties. The first Clause in this Oath, was taken verbatem out of the premised Oath enforced upon King John by Stephen Langeton Archbishop of Canterbury before his absolution from his Excom∣munication, not extant in his Coronation Oath.

I find in most of the Writs of Ad Jura Regia, (of which there were multitudes in this King Edwards reign) this Clause relating to this his Coronation Oath, quod ad hoc, or prout JURAMENTI VINCULO tenemur et astringimur. And in the printed Statutes of 15 E. 3. Parl. 1. and the Kings Proclamation for rever∣sing it, 18 E. 3. Stat. 3. c. 1, 2. & 25 E. 3. Stat. 6. against Provisions, there are these Clauses inserted concerning this Oath: By the bond of OUR OATH, we be bound to the observance and defence of the Lawes and Customs of the Realm; The King as he is bounden by HIS OATH to doe the same to be kept as the Law of this Realm. The King having regard to the quietnesse of his people, which he chiefly desireth to maintain in quietnesse and peace, and to govern according to the Lawes, Vsages, and Franchises of this Land, AS HE IS BOUND BY HIS OATH MADE AT HIS CORONATION.

After King Edward the 3d. departed this life, his Grandchild Richard the 2d. was crowned King. The b 1.211 Petitions, Claims of Nobles and others to do special ser∣vices at his Coronation, by their tenures; with the Judgements given on them; and the solemnities, Ceremonies used at his Coronation, are specially recorded at large in the Clause Roll of An. 1 R. 2. m. 43, 44, 45. with this Title to them. Processus factus in Coronatione Domini Regis Angliae Richardi secundi, Anno regni sui primo. At the cloze whereof there is there is this Memorial entred. Memorandum, quod praedictus Rex Castellae & Legionis, Dux Lancastriae & Seneschallus Angliae; istum processum per manus suas proprias in Cancellaria Domini Regis liberavit, ibidem in Rotulis Cancellariae irrotulandum. In which unquestionable Record, the Oath which the Archbishop of Canterbury (Simon Sudbury) then prescribed to and re∣ceived from him, is thus recorded.

c 1.212 Dominus Rex, &c. subsequenterque capto per praefatum Archiepiscopum Cant. Sa∣cramento Dom. Regis corporali, de concedendo et servando cum sacra confirmatione Leges et Consuetudines ab antiquis justis et Deo devotis Regibus Angliae, proge∣nitoribus ipsius Regis plebi regni Angliae concessis, et praesertim leges, consuetudines et libertates a gloriosissimo et sanctissimo Rege Edwardo Clero populoque regni praedicti coucessis: et servando Deo et Ecclesiae Sanctae Domini; Cleroque et po∣pulo pacem et concordiam integre in Deo, fuxta vires suas: et de faciendo fieri in omnibus judiciis suis aequam et rectam Iusticiam et discretionem in miseri∣cordia et veritate; et etiam de tenendo et custodiendo * 1.213 justas leges et consuetudines Ecclesiae; ac de faciendo per ipsum, Dominum Regem eas esse protegendas, et ad honorem Dei corroborand. quas vulgus juste et rationabiliter elegerit fuxta vires ejusdem Domini Regis: Prafatus Archiepiscopus ad quatuor partes pulpiti praedicti ascendens, exposuit & enarravit universo populo, qualiter dictus Dominus Rex hujusn••di praestitit Sacramentum: inquirens ab eodem populo, Si ipsi consenti∣re vellent de habend. ipsum Regem Dom. suum ligeum, & ad obediendum ei tanquam Regi & Domino ligeo? Qui utique unanimiter consenserunt. Then follow some other solemnities, and the Homages made to the King by sundry Noble men, while the Bishops were chanting their Masse. After that the manner of the Kings return from the Church to his Palace; in what Order the Bishops, Nobles, and

others sat at his Feast; and his solemn Procession to Pauls Church with his Pre∣lates, Nobles, Trayn the next day; with the summe of their Prayers for his happy Reign and Government.

In the Parliament Roll of 1 H. 4 nu. 16 & 17. after the recording of King Ri∣chard the 2. his Renunciation of his Right to the Crown, and the Articles then pub∣liquely drawn up and read against him in that Parliament, they thus record the particular branches of the Coronation Oath which the Kings of England used to make to the Archbishop, and King Richard took at his Coronation.

Sequitur forma Juramenti soliti in consueti praest••ri per Reges Angliae in eorum co∣ronatione, quod Archiepiscopus Cantuar. ab eisdem Regibus, exigere et recipere consuevit; prout in libris Pontificalium Archiepiscoporum et Episcoporum pleni∣us continetur: Quod quidem Juramentum Richardus Rex Angliae post Conquestum secundus, in Coronatione sua praestitit, & ab Archiepiscopo Cantuar. erat receptum, et illud idem Iuramentum dictus Rex postmodum iteravit, prout in Rotulis plenius repe••iri poterit de Recordo.

Servabis Ecclesiae Dei, Cleroque et populo pacem ex integro, et concordiam in Deo, secundum vires tuas. Respondebit, Servabo. Facies fieri in omnitus Iu∣ditiis tuis aequam et rectam Iustitiam et discretionem in misericordia et veritate, secundum vires tuas, Respondebit, Faciam. Concedes justas leges et consuetu∣dines esse tenendas, et promittis prote eas esse protegendas, et ad honorem Dei corroborandas, quas vulgus elegerit secundum vires tuas. Respondit, Concedo et promitto. Adj. cianturque praedictis interrogationibus quae justa fuerint. Pronun∣ciatisque omnibus, confirmet Rex se omnia servaturum Sacramento super Altare prestito coram cunctis.

a 1.214 Thomas Walsingham, who at large relates the Form and Solemnities of this King Richards Coronation, hath added this New Clause to the beginning of his Oath then taken, not extant in the premised Records; nor in Juramentum Regis quand•• coronatur, printed in Totles Magna Charta, London 1556. part 1. f. 164. After the Bishops Sermon, (writes he) Iuravit Rex coram Archiepiscopo, et Pro∣ceribus qui ibi aderant, quoniam ip•••• soli Iuramentum audire poterunt.

Primò, quod Ecclesiam suis permitreret gaudere libertatibus, et eam et Mini∣nistros ejus honoraret, et fidem rectam teneret; & rapacitatem, & omnes iniqui∣tates in omnibus gradibus interdiceret.

Secundò, ut leges terrae bonas ubique servari faceret, & praecipuè Leges Sancti Edw••rd•• Regis & Confessoris, qui in eadem requiescit Ecclesia, & malas leges fa∣ceret abrogari.

Ter••io, ut non esset personarum acceptor, sed judicium rectum inter virum & vi∣rum faceret, & praecipuè misericordiam observaret, sicut sibisuam indulgeat miseri∣cordiam ••lemens & misericors Deus.

Q••ibus expletis Archiepiscopus, praecedente eum Marescallo Angliae, Domino Hen∣rico Percy, convertit se adomnes plagas Ecclesiae, indicans populo Regium jura∣mentum, & quaerens, &c. as in the Clause Roll of 1 R. 2. forecited.

From which Records and Historian I shall observe: 1. That this and other our Kings Coronation Oaths were compiled by our Archbishops and Bishops, and entred by them in their Pontificals. 2ly. That they assumed this transcended Ju∣risdiction to themselves, to prescribe what new Articles, Interrogations they thought meet to our Kings at their Coronations, which they must solemnly pro∣mise and swear to observe, before they would crown them; for which end they inserted this Clause into their Pontificals, immediately after the Kings Oath; b 1.215 Adjicianturque praedictis Interrogationibus quae justa fuerint. Pronunciatis omnibus, Rex confirmet se omnia servaturum, Sacramento super Altare pro∣tinus praestita coram cunctis, &c. 3ly. That they cunningly inserted into this young Kings Coronation Oath this new Clause, not extant in any former Oath, Et etiam de tenendo et custodiendo justas Leges et Consuetudines Ecclesiae, &c. to advance their own Ecclesiastical Laws, Canons, and Customes, made for their own grand••ur and advantage in their Convocations, without the consent of King, Lords and Commons in Parliament; and that (as I conceive) in opposition to the Petition of the House of Commons in the Parl. of 51 E. 3. some few moneths be∣fore; c 1.216 That the Commoners shall not be bound by any of the Constitutions

made by the Clergy for their advantage, without the Commons assent thereto in Parliament; car eux ne beullent estre obligez a nul de voz Estatutes ne Ordinances faitz sanz lour assent: with King Edward the 3d. and other our Kings Writs, Ap∣peals, Protestations against them, mentioned in my Epistle Dedicatory. 4ly. If d 1.217 Tho. Walsingham may be credited against our Records, they likewise added another new Clause to King Richards Oath, placed in the very front thereof; which they backed with these other passages inserted into their Pontificals for their own ad∣vancement, honor, protection by our Kings above all other Subjects, as receiving their Crowns, Swords, Scepters from them alone, for their special defence. For after the Kings anoynting by them on the Crown of his head, breast, shoulders, shoulder∣blades, hands and boughes of both his arms, they used these speeches to him at the deli∣very of his Sword and Scepter. Post haec Archiepiscopus cum Episcopis tradidit ei gladium, it a dicens; Accipe gladium per manus Episcoporum, licet indignos, vice tamen et autoritate sanctorum Apostolorum consecratas, tibi regaliter imposi∣tum, nostraeque benedictionis officio ad defensionem sanctae Ecclesiae divinitus ordi∣natum, et esto memor de Psalmista, qui prophetavit, dicens: Accingere gl••dio tuo super femur tuum potentissime, ut per eundem vim aquitatis exerceas, molem inquitatis potenter destruas, et sanctam Dei Ecclesiam, ejusque fideles propugnando protegas, nec minus sub fide falsos in Christiani nominis hostes execretis ac de∣struas, &c. Statim post haec. &c. Archiepiscopus dans ei Sceptrum, &c. dicens, Accipe Sceptrum Regiae potestatis insig••e, virgam scilicet regni rectam, virgam veri∣tatis, qua te ipsum bene regas, sanctam Ecclesiam, populum viz. Christianum tibi a Deo commissum, (not the Bishops and Clergy only, who would appropri∣ate the Title of the Church to themselves) Regia virtute ab improbis defendas, pravos corrigas, rectos Pontifices, et ut viam rectam tenere possint tuo juvamine, dirigas, &c. Osculatus est Rex Episcopos omnes et Abbates (but none of his Nobles) à quibus statim ductus est postea ad Regale solium, Episcopis inchoantibus hymnum, Te Deum laudamus. Finito hymno, Archiepiscopus ita eum allocutus est: Sta, & retine amodò locum quem hucusque paterna successione tenuisti haereditariè, indico tibi delegatum per authoritatem Dei omnipotentis, et praesentem tradi∣tionem nostram, scilicet omnium Episcoporum, caeterorum que Dei servorum; et quanto Clerum sacris Altaribus propinquiorem, tanto ei potiorem in locis congruis honorem impendere memineris, quatenus mediator Dei & hominum, te mediatorem plebis in hoc regni solio confirmet, & in regnum aeternum regnare faciat Je∣sus Christus Dominus noster. Which words and form they have since continued.

The same Solemnities, Ceremonials, Prayers, Speeches used at this King Richards Coronation, and the Interrogations, Oath prescribed to K. Edward the 3d. (without the new additions to King Richards) for ought appears to me continued without any alteration till K. Edw. the 6. together with this Petition, or Monitio Episcoporum ad Regem, et legitur ab uno, (not mentioned by Walsingham, but in the Roman, & other of our own Pontificals, tending only to establish Bishops Canonical Priviledges, Lawes and Constitutions;) Domine Rex, à vobis perdonari petimus, ut unicuique de Nobis et Ecclesiis Nobis commissis, Privilegium et Debitam Legem atque Iu∣stitiam et defenstonem exhibeatis, sicut Rex in suo regno debet unicuique Episco∣po et Abbati et Ecclesiis sibi commissis. Whereunto Respondit sic Rex, (by their prescription, before he must be Crowned) Animo libenti & devoto promitto vobis, et perdono vobis et unicuique vestram, et Ecclesiis vobis commissis Canonicum Privi∣legium, (defined by the Popes and their own Canons) & debitam legem & justitiam servabo, & defensionem quantum potero, adjuvante Deo exhibebo; sicut Rex in regno unicuique Episcopo, Abbati, et Ecclesiis sibi commissis, per rectum exhibere debet. But by reason of King Edward the 6. his tender years, and the changes then made in the Religion publikely professed, some Alterations were made both in the Ce∣remonies, Prayers, and Oath it self at his Coronation, by the Lord Protector and ten of the Privy Counsils advise, whereof Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canter∣bury, and Cuthbert Tonstall Bishop of Durham were two; who prescribed him this new Oath, different in some particulars from all preceding it.

The Archbishop standing before the King, shall ask him with a loud voyce in manner and form following;

Will ye grant to keep to the people of England and other your Realms and Dominions,

the Laws and Liberties of your Realm, and other your Realms and Dominions. * 1.218 I grant and promise.

You shall keep to your strength and power, to the Church of God, and to all the people, holy peace and concord. I shall keep.

You shall make to be done after your strength and power, equal and rightfull justice in all your Dooms and Judgements, with mercy and truth. I shall do.

Do ye grant to make no new Lawes, but such as be to the glory and honour of God, and to the good of the Commonwealth; and that the same shall be made by the consent of your people, as hath been accustomed? I grant and promise.

Then shall the King rise out of his Chair, and by them that before assisted him, be led to the High Altar. Where he shall make a solemn Oath upon the Sacrament, layd upon the High Altar, in the sight of all the people, to observe the premises; and laying his hand again upon the Book, shall say;

The things which I have before promised, I shall observe and keep: So God help me and these holy Evangelists, by me bodily touched upon this holy Altar.

At the Coronations of King James and King Charles the 1. and 2. the Interro∣gations to, and Oath taken by King Edward the 3d. were used and taken by them, with most of the premised Ceremonies, Prayers, passages used at King Richard the the 2d. his Coronation, some whereof were omitted at King Edward the sixths. Which having a 1.219 elsewhere published at large, I shall here omit.

By these Historial Collections of the Coronations of forreign Emperors, Kings, and our own British, Saxon, Danish, Norman, English Kings, by Popes, Pa∣triarchs, Archbishops and Bishops, with the several Oathes, promises they exac∣ted from them, and altered, enlarged by degrees when crowned, especially when they set the Crown upon Usurpers heads, and disinherited the right lawful heirs, you may most clearly discover, what successive encroachments they made upon their Royal Soveraignties. What strange Conclusions many Popes, Popish Bishops, Canonists and others have thence deduced, I shall here briefly inform you.

1. That all Christian Emperors, Kings, Princes, receive their Crowns, Swords, Scepters, Royalties, and Royal dignities only from Popes, Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops, as Pope Boniface the 8. with sundry other Popes, Popish Canonists, Je∣suites, and our Archbishops Aldred of Yorke, Ralph and Hubert of Canterbury have asserted; who are solidly refuted by b 1.220 John Servin, Advocate to King Henry the 4th. of France in his Vindiciae, and others forecited.

2ly. That the Pope and every Bishop is Superior to Emperors and Kings; because without contradiction the lesse is blessed, consecrated by the greater, Hebr. 7. 7. as Emperors, Kings, are by Popes and Bishops, not they by them; Yea, Episcopus superminet Regibus, et quibuscumque aliis terrenis Principibus dignitate est prae∣ferendus, quantum plumbum vincitur ab auro: Et Sacerdotium tanto ma∣jus est Imperio et omni seculari Principatu, quanto coelum terra preciosius, et ani∣ma est corpori praeferenda; as our c 1.221 Thomas Waldensis, Cardinal d 1.222 Bellarmin, and others determine.

3ly. That as they consecrate, blesse, crown them Emperors and Kings: so by the like reason they may execrate, excommunicate, uncrown them, if they violate the Oaths and Conditions prescribed to them at their Coronations: which was our Archbishop Aldreds, Ralph and Huberts doctrine, as well as Popes. Hence Pope Gregory the 9th, upon Sir * 1.223 Robert de Twenge and others threshing out the corn and plundering the goods of Italian Clergymen beneficed in England by Papal pro∣visions, was so highly offended with King Henry the 3d, that in an oversharp Let∣ter to him, he vehemently reprehended him for suffering such rapines in his Realm to be done to Ecclesiastical persons, non habens respectum ad juramenta quae ju∣raverat tempore Coronationis suae, non solum de pace Ecclesiae manutenenda, ve∣rum etiam de recta justitia tam Clericis quam La••cis se••vanda. Mandavit igitur Regi in eisdem literis sub poena Excommunicationis et Interdicti firmiter praecipi∣ens, quatinus diligenti facta inquisitione, si quos hujus violentiae inveniret authores tam graviter puniret obnoxios, ut ex poena illorum caeteris metum incuteret & terro∣rem.

4ly. That Emperors, Kings are but the Popes, Bishops Vassals, and their Coro∣nation Oathes meer Oathes of Fealty to them, as their superiour Lords.

5ly. That by these their Oathes, and the Liberties, Priviledges of the Church, the persons of Popes, Bishops, and all inferiour Clergymen, are totally * 1.224 exempted from the secular Jurisdiction, Judicature of Emperors, Kings, their Judges, and Courts; so that they neither can nor ought at all to imprison, condemn, execute, ba∣nish, deprive them for any capital Crimes or Offences whatsoever, but must referr them wholly to be tried, judged, purged in, by and before a Synod of Bishops, or their own Metropolitans or Ordinaries; & that they ought not to put them to death till first convicted, degraded, and delivered up by them to the secular powers. Upon which account e 1.225 Adam de Arleton Bishop of Hereford in the 17. year of K. Edward the 2. being accused, arrested and examined of High Treason, before the King and alt the Lords in Parliament, for receiving, ayding, counselling, maintaining Mortimer, with other Enemies of the King, and furnishing them with great store of armed men: peremptorily refused to answer his Charge without the connivance and consent of the Archbishop, and the other Bishops his Peers, because he was a Minister, a Member of the Church, and a Bishop. Whereupon the Archbishop and Bishops presently demanded him as a Member of the Church, to be delivered to their Custody and Triall: Some few dayes after the King resolving to arraign him for this Treason before his Royal Tribu∣nal; the Bishops hearing of it, thereupon the Archbishops of Canterbury, York, and Dub∣blin, accompanied with ten Bishops more, and a great troop of men, with their crosses born up before them, marched to the Court where he was to be arraigned, chased away the Kings Officers, took the Prisoner from the Barre by force before he had made any answer, and carryed him away with them; firmly enjoyning all there present on the behalf of God, that none of them under pain of Excommunication should presume to lay violent hands upon this Trayt••r to bring him back to the barr, whom they had thus violently rescued from publike Justice. The King being exceedingly moved with this unparalleld insolen∣cy and affront, as he had reason, commanded the Inquest to be impannelled in his ab∣sence; who finding him guilty of the Treason and Rebellion whereof he was indict∣ed, according to the truth of the matter: he thereupon seised his Temporalties, Lands, Goods, and banished the Bishop; who notwithstanding his proscription, was by confede∣racy of these Archbishops and Bishops with strong hand kept safe from the Kings Justice, in the Archbishop of Canterbury (Walter Reynolds) his custody: And not long af∣ter, this Trayterous Prelate and his Rescuers confederating with the Queen and young Prince Edward, by force of armes imprisoned, deposed the King himself, without any Trial, Crowned his Son King in his stead; and then murdered him, by this Trayterous Bishops ambiguous unpointed Advise, Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est.

6ly. That Kings and Emperors by the Oathes taken at their Coronations, are bound to obey, maintain, execute all the Popes, Bishops Ecclesiastical Decrees, Canons, Constitutions, Censures of Excommunication, Interdicts, Deprivation, yea of death it self in cases of Heresy or Apostacy, and to become their Bayliffs, Gaolers, Execu∣tioners, without examining the justice or legality of their proceedings or sentences, under pain of being excommunicated, interdicted, and deprived of their Offices; as not only Popes, but f 1.226 Boniface, John Peckham, John Stratford, and other Archbishops of Canterbury and their Suffragans have resolved in their Convocations, and Con∣stitutions. Hence our learned Martyr William Tyndall, in a g 1.227 Book printed Cum Privilegio, London 1573. complained, That the Bishops with the Pope by a certain Conspiration and secret Treason, have with falshood taken from all Kings and Emperors their right and duties, which now they call their Fréedoms, Liberties and Priviledges, AND HAVE MADE EVERY KING SWEAR TO DE∣FEND THEIR FALSHOOD AGAINST THEMSELVES. So that if any man shall contend to restore Kings again unto their Duties and Kight, and to the room and authority which they have of God, and of shadowes to make them Kings indéed, and to put the World into order again, then the Kings deliver up their swords and authority unto these Hypocrites to s••ay them. The Empe∣rors and Kings are now adayes but even Hangmen unto the Popes and Bishops, to kill whomsoever they condemn, without any more adoe, as Pilate was unto the Scribes and Pharises, and the High Bishop (or Priest) to Hang and Cricify Christ. For as those Prelates answered Pilate (when he asked what ill he had done?) If he were not an evil doer, we would not have brought him unto thee; as who should say, we

are too holy to do any thing amisse, thou mayst believe us well enough, yea, † 1.228 and his blood be on our heads, said they: kill him boldly, we will bear the Charge, our souls for thine; * 1.229 We have also A LAW by which he ought to dye, for he maketh himself Gods sonne. Even so say our Prelates, He ought to dye by our Law, He speaketh against the Church; And, YOUR GRACE IS SWORN TO DEFEND THE LIBERTIES & ORDINANCES OF THE CHURCH, and to maintain our most holy Fathers authority, our soules for yours, ye should do a meritorious deed therein. Neverthelesse as Pilate escaped not the judgement of God, even so it is to be feared least our Temporal Powers shall not. † 1.230 Wherefore, be learned ye that judge the earth, least the Lord be angry with you, and ye perish from the right way. So this our Godly Marty••, who expe∣rimented the truth thereof soon after, for * 1.231 opposing the Popes and Bishops U∣surpations on the Crown, &c. and translating the Bible into English.

7ly. Some Popes, Popish Prelates, and Canonists both at home and abroad, have pleaded an Exemption from all Subsidies, Aydes, Taxes even for the defense of the King & Realm against foraign Enemies, unless specially authorized & approved by the Popes antecedent Bulls, as being contrary to their Coronation Oath, and the Churches Liberties. Witnesse the insolent Bull of a 1.232 Pope Boniface the 8. and the con∣tests thereupon between King Edward the 1. his Bishops and Clergy, here recited at large, before which his Predecessor Pope Honorius the 3d. seemed to be of a con∣trary opinion in this memorable Bull of his to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots and Clergy of Ireland, for a liberal Ayd to King Henry the 3. thus enrolled in the Patent Roll of Anno xi H. 3. casually omitted in its proper place.

b 1.233 HOnorius Episcopus, Servus servorum Dei, Venerabilibus Patribus, Archie∣piscopis & Episcopis, & dilectis filiis Abbatibus, Prioribus, & aliis Praelatis ac Rectoribus Ecclesiarum in Hibernia constitutis, salutem & apostolicam benedictionem, Non laeditur libertas Ecclesiastica, set defenditur, cum defensori ejus statu rerum et temporum exigente▪ c 1.234 subsidium liberaliter exhivetur. Cum ergo karissimo in Chr••sto filio nostro H. Regi Anglorum illustri, multa immineant necessariarum honera expensarū, ac propter hoc sibi mandaverimus à Clero Angliae subsidium exhiberi; Ʋniversita∣tem vestram sollicitandam duximus & hortandam, per Apostolica vobis scripta mandan∣tes, quatenus cum regnum Hiberniae ad ipsum pertinere noscatur, ac per hoc eidem incumbat defendere vestrarum Ecclestarum libertates et jura, vosque deceat ipsi cum exposcere videtur necessitas liberaliter subvenire, collectam, pensatis singularum Ecclesiarum facultatibus, faciatis ad expensarum ipsius Regis honera supportanda, cum consilio venerabilis fratris nostri Archiepiscopi Dublin. aliquos viros notae pru∣dentiae ac probatae fidei eligentes, qui pecuniam recipiant per subventionem hujusmodi colligendam, ipsamque assignent ipsi Archiepiscopo & duobus aliis qui ad hoc idonei vi∣debuntur, per eos ad expensas ipsius Regis quae videbuntur ei & regno suo magis neces∣sariae ministrand. Mandatum nost••um taliter impleturi, quod ipsum Regem ad ve∣strum et Ecclesiarum vestrarum faborem per hoc specialiter inclinetis, gratamque vicissitudinem ab eo expectare possitis tempore oportuno. Nolumus autem quod exhibitio subbentionis huju••modi trahatur ad consequentiam, vel praejudicium ge∣neret Ecclesiasti••ae libertati. Dat. &c.

Moreover, this Pope was very wary in denouncing any Excommunications, whether general or special, against the King or his Brother, without his special mandate, as this Record then entred with it informs us.

HOnorius Episcopus, &c. dilecto filio R. Sanct. Angeli Diac. Card. Aposto∣licae * 1.235 ••edis Legato, salutem, & Apostolicam benedictionem. Discretioni tuae auctoritate praesentium mandamus, quatenns karissimi in Christo filii nostri illustris Re∣gis Angliae, vel nobilis viri R. Com. Pict. fratris sui, ad denunciationem vel pro∣lationem generalis et specialis sententiae Excommunicationis per te vel per alium non procedas, nisi super hoc mandatum nostrum susciperis speciale, Dat. Lat. Id. Ma••i, Pontif. nostri, &c. An. x^o. Though Boniface and other Popes since made no bones at all to excommunicate all Emperors, Kings, Princes, who should demand,

and all Clergymen who should pay any Subsidies, without his antecedent special license. Upon which account, d 1.236 Doctor Marta, and some other Canonists cited by him peremptorily resolve; Ecclesiastici sunt immunes a quibuscunque Lalliis, Collectis, Lributis, et sunilibus oueribus realibus, personalibus et mixtis. Ecclesiam nullo modo teneri solvere Lributum, etiam de illis bonis quae antea Lributaria erant, et postea in Ecclesiam sunt translata. Praedia tributaria in Ecclesiam translata, et locus suppositus Lributo, Ecclesiae traditus, non debent amplius solvere tributum, quia sunt haec omnia Deo dedicata; e 1.237 Rex nullo mo∣do potest imponere extraordinaria subfidia, quando istud juravit, prout facit Rex Neopolis, quando invaditur ab hositbus, nulla praecedente culpa Principis aut Civium; nist de consensu eorundem subditorum propter magnam necessitatem, qui possunt remitters juramentum.

8ly That Popes and Bishops by their own inherent Papal and Episcopal Autho∣rity, both in their Ecclesiastical Synods, Consistories, and Visications, may law∣fully make what f 1.238 Oathes, Canons, Visitation Articles they please, and impose, enforce them not only on their own Clergy and Under Officers, but likewise on Church wardens, and other Laymen, yea excommunicate them for refusing to take such Oathes, or make presentments by vertue of them on all such Articles which they prescribe them, till they submit thereto; seeing they have from time to time both made, prescribed Oathes, Articles to Emperors and Kings them∣selves at their Coronations, and altered or enlarged them as they thought meet: Witnesse the Oathes not only introduced and imposed on King John before his ab∣solution from his Excommunication and the Kingdoms Interdict by the Popes Legate and his Bishops, with * 1.239 Pope Gregory the 9th. his new Oath of Homage and Allegiance imposed on all our Bishops and Abbots; the Oathes de Calumnia, & veritate dicenda, and Visitation Oaths enforced by Bishop Grosthead, his Officers, and others, against our Lawes, and King Henry the 3d. his g 1.240 Prohibitions to re∣strain them, related in my 2d Tome; but likewise the Oaths prescribed by Robert Winchelsey Archbishop of Canterbury An. 1293. to his Judges, Advocates, Clerks, Officers, Proctors in the Arches; and this Oath of John Archbishop of Yorke, and other our Bishops imposed upon the Lollards in their Provinces and Diocesses, to worship Images, &c. and obey their Lawes, Canons, Constitutions; entred with this special Memorandum in the Clause Rolls of Anno 19 R. 2.

† 1.241 MEmorandum, quod primo die Sept. Anno regni Regis Richardi secundi post Conquestam decimo nono, Willielmus Dynet, Nicholaus Tayllour, Nicho∣laus Pouther, & Willielmus Steynour de Notyngham, in Cancellaria ipfius Regis personaliter constituti, sacramenta divisim praestiterunt sub eo qui sequitur tenore. I Willyam Dynet befor yhowe worschipefull Fader and Lorde Archbisshop of Yhorke and yhowr Clergie with my frée wyll and full avisede, swere to Gode and to all his seyntes, upon this holy Gospells, yat fro this day forthwarde I shall worship ymages, with praying and offeryng unto hem in the worschip of the Seintes, yat yey be made after; and also I shal never mor despyse pylgremage, ne states of holy Chyrche in ne degrée: And also I shall be buxum to the Lawes of holy Chyrche, and to yhowe as myn Archbysshop, and to myn oyer Ordinars and Curates, and kepe yo lawes upon my power, and meynten hem. And also I shall neuer more meynten, ne tochen, ne defenden Errours, conclusions, ne techinges of the Lollardes, ne swych conclusions and techinges that men clepyth Lollardes doctryn. Ne I shall her bokes, ne swych bokes, ne hem or ony suspect or diffamede of Lollarderye resceyve or company withall wyttyngly, or defende in yo matters; and if I knowe any swych I shall wyth all the haste yat I may do yhowe or else yo ner officers to wyten, and of her bokes. And allso I shall excite and stirre all yo to goode doctryn yat I have hinderd with myn doctryn up my power. And also I shall stonde to yho declaracion wych es heresy, or errour, and do yerafter. And also what venance yhe woll for yat I have don for meyntenyng of this fals doctryn injoyn me, I shall fulfill i••; and I submit me yerto up my power. And also I shall make no other glose of this myn othe bot as ye wordes stonde. And if it be so that I com a∣gayn, or do agayn this Oth, or any party therof, I yholde me here cowpable as an Heretyk, & to be punished be ye lawe as an Heretyk, & to forfeit al my godes to the

Kynges will withowten any othir processe of Lawe: and yerto I require ye No∣tarie to make of all this, ye which is my Will an Instrument agains me. Et ex habundanti idem Willielmus Dynet eodem die voluit et recognovit, quod omnia bona et catalla sua mobilia nobis sint forisfacta in casu quo ipse juramentum praedictum, seu aliqua in eodem juramento contenta de caetero contravenerit ullo modo.

In this impious Oath, compiled and enforced upon the Kings Subjects by the Archbishop of Yorke, then Lord Chancellor of England, by his own Archiepisco∣pal Authority, we may observe: First, that it is directly contrary to the letter of the second Commandement, to sundry other Texts in the Old Testament, and to Acts 17. 24. to 30. Rom. 1. 22, 23, 25. 1 Cor 8. 4, 5, 6. c. 10. 7, 19, 20. 2 Cor. 6. 16. 1 John 5. 21. Rev. 9. 20. in the New. 2ly. Against the expresse * 1.242 Laws, Statutes of the Realm, and Liberty of the Subjects persons, consciences. 3ly. That it prescribes a blinde obedience to all the Canons, Laws, prescriptions of the Arch∣bishop or other Ordinaries and Curates. 4ly. That it subjects those persons who took it to a confiscation of all their goods to the King for the breach of it, or any particular Clause, Article thereof, without any other legal processe, trial, convicti∣on, and likewise to a Writ de Haeretico comburendo; though the violation of any branch thereof was never declared Heresie by Scripture, nor by any of the 4. first General Councils; nor was against any Article of the Nice••e or Apostles Creeds. 5ly. That it obliged them to submit to all penances they should impose upon them, and to betray, discover to them and their Officers, both the persons, books, writings of all others reputed Lollards. By which exorbitant Oath and proceedings, the Bishops became Masters of all mens lives, liberties, estates whom they pleased to accuse of Heresie, or declared to be Hereticks, and would not whol∣ly submit themselves to their Ecclesiastical usurped authority; which made eve∣ry Archbishop and Bishop an absolute Pope within his own Province and Dio∣cesse.

What strange, * 1.243 &c. and Visitation Oaths, Articles, for turning our Communion Ta∣bles into Altars, and rayling them in Altar-wise against the East end of Chancels, bowing to, or towards the Altar; receiving the Communion only at their new Rayles, with other Innovations, tending to the countenancing or introduction of Popish super∣stition, devotion, Ceremonies, contrary to our Lawes, have of late times been ri∣gorously imposed upon Ministers, Church-wardens and others, by Ecclesiastical censures, to the general discontent, scandal, oppression, grievance of the people, by sundry Archbishops, Bishops, Archdeacons, in their Synods, Visitations, enforcing every Church-warden to pay 4 s. 4 d. or more, for taking his Oath, and 6 d. 8 d. or 12 d. for their Books of Articles, besides extorted fees for every presentment on them; (a new extortion, against all Lawes and Canons too) their own prin∣ted Canons, Constitutions, Visitation Oathes, and Books of Articles,; with the * 1.244 Votes passed against them in Parliament, That they were against the Kings Pre∣rogative, the fundamental Lawes of the Realm, the Liberty and property of the Subject, and of dangerous consequence; the Impeachments of several Bishops for them by the whole House of Commons, and the Statutes of 17 Caroli 1. ch. 17. & 13 Car. 2. ch. 12. & 13 Car. 2. ch. 1. declaring, condemning such Oaths and all others made or imposed by any Authority without the Kings Majesties royal assent, and both Houses of Parliament, to be null and boyd in their first Creation to all intents and purposes whatsoever, and against the fundamental Lawes and Liberties of this Kingdom, will at large demonstrate.

9ly. Some of our Archbishops of Canterbury have grown so insolent, that be∣cause some of our Kings were not crowned by them, or their predecessors in their absence, when exiled by them for their Treasons and Rebellions, as upon that ac∣count alone to pull the Crown violently from the Kings head at the solemn Coro∣nation of the Queen; and to excommunicate all those Bishops who presumed to Crown them by their royal appointment, without their license or deputation, as the premised instances of Ralph de Turbine and Thomas Becket evidence: whose suc∣cessors (like the Archbishops of Rhemes in France) have claimed it as their pecu∣liar priviledge, to crown all our Kings, as if they had no Liberty or Prerogative

left them to be Crowned by what Bishops, persons, and at what times, places themselves shall think meet to appoint, as they have frequently done.

10ly. Sundry Popes, Popish Prelates, Canonists heretofore, yea Popish Priests and Jesuites of late, have from hence affirmed, the Coronations of Emperors, Kings by them to be an essential antecedent qualification to constitute them real, legal Emperors, Kings, and that they were not such by descent or election, before they were consecrated by, and received their Crowns, Scepters, and other Ensignes of Royalty from the hands of Popes or Bishops. Upon this false pretence, Watson and Clarke, two Italianated Roman Priests, conspired with the Lords Cobham, Gray, and others to seise King James and Prince Henry his sonne at Greenwich, upon their first arrival out of Scotland, and to imprison them in Dover Castle, or the Tower, till they should obtain their own pardons, a toleration of the Popish Reli∣gion, and a removal of some Counsellors of State; or else to put some further project in execution against them; affirming to those they drew into their Conspiracy, and pleading it at their arraignments for this Treason; h 1.245 That the Act was lawfull, and no Treason, being done before the Coronation, for that King James WAS NO KING Of ENGLAND, BEFORE HE WAS ANOYNTED; and the Crown solemnly set on his Head: These Priests were condemned and executed as Traptors, but the Lords Cobham, and Gray, and other their seduced Prose∣lytes were pardoned by the Kings grace, upon their acknowledgement of, and craving pardon for their Treason, grounded upon this false Doctrine. Upon this account, the Guysian Jesuitical faction in i 1.246 France asserted some few years before, That they might lawfully take up arms against, depose, murder and stab King Henry the 4. of France to death, because he was not Crowned and anointed King by their Popish Bishops, from whom he should have received his Royal Crown and Authority; and so was no lawfull King, but a Tyrant. Which er∣ronious treasonable Doctrine, is largely refuted by sundry presidents, reasons in point of Law and Divinity, by k 1.247 Sir Edward Cooke in Calvins case, by Dr. Cra∣kenthorpe, in his Defence of Constantine, c. 14. p. 341, 342. and l 1.248 Johannes Ser∣vin Advocate to King Henry the 4, in his Vindiciae, to whom I referr you; who prove the Coronation, Ʋnction of Kings to be a meer Ornamental Ceremony, which many Emperors, Kings never used, received, being Emperors, Kings, by and from their very Elections, descents, without and before this Ceremony; as Historians at∣test, and sundry eminent m 1.249 Lawyers and n 1.250 Divines resolve.

11ly. Sundry Popish Bishops and Priests have inferred from hence, that they only are the holy Church, and Gods inheritance intended in these Kings Coronation Oathes, Charters, with a seclusion of the Laity; † 1.251 appropriating the Title of the Church, Clergy to themselves alone: when as they were never stiled the Church, Congregation of God, or Christ, in any one Text throughout the Old or New Te∣stament, but the believing * 1.252 Laity, Saints and people of God, as distinct from them, and they only the Ministers, Bishops, Angels, Pastors, Elders, Servants of the Church, or Church of God, whom they are to feed, instruct, and take care of, as their Servants, not Lords, as the ^o marginal Texts, all Expositors on them, and Mr. Wil∣liam Tyndall in his excellent Treatise, What the Church is, resolve and evi∣dence; Whence the Church and Parliament of England in the 19th Article of Re∣ligion, and all Protestant Churches else in their publike Confessions, thus define the Church. The visible Church of Christ is the Congregation of faithfull men, in the which the pure Word of God is preached, and the Sacraments be duly administred ac∣cording to Christs Ordinance; (not the Pope, Bishops or Clergy) and of the Au∣thority of this Church alone, (not the Bishops or Clergy) they affirm Article 20. The Church hath power to decree Rites and Ceremonies, and authority in contro∣versies

of faith, &c. yet not to ordain any thing contrary to Gods written Word; as many Popes, Bishops have done in their Councils and Synods, wherein themselves presided: Therefore the Christian people must be included under the Title of Holy Church, which our Kings swear to defend, as well as the Bishops and Clergy; and their own demands to our Kings, for themselves, and all the Churches committed to their Care, with the forms of Institutions to Churches, evidence the people rather to be the Church then themselves, who are but Over∣scers Pastors and Curates of the Church.

12ly. Popes and Popish Prelates have from hence usurped a power to impose and enforce upon Emperors, Kings, and other Laymen whom they have inter∣dicted or excommunicated, a cautionary Oath, p 1.253 De stando et parendo mandatis Ecclesiae, before they would absolve them; now lately revived by some, against the expresse Custom, Lawes, Liberties of our Realm, declared and sworn to by all the Bishops and Nobles of the Realm in the Parliamentary Great Council held at Claerendon under King Henry the second: Yet they themselves by several q 1.254 Ca∣nons declare, that no Pope nor Bishop ought to swear or take an Oath before any Emperor, King, or Council, but only in the case of faith, to purge himself from suspition of Heresie; nor any Clerk to take an Oath as a Witnesse or otherwise in any Temporal Court, or cause, especially if trivial, as all Laymen ••••gh•• to do, without the Popes or Bishops special license first obtained; but their assertio••s, in verbo Episcopi, or Sacerdotis must be allowed, instead of an Oa••h, as equivalent to it; Ne manus per quam corpus & sanguis Christi conficitur JURAMENTO pol∣luetur; as I have r 1.255 elsewhere more largely evidenced.

13ly. A reverend French Doctor of Divinity promoted in our Church, in a s 1.256 Treatise newly published, recites our Kings Coronation Oath at large, and from thence observes, That the King in his Oath, swears in a manner, THRICE FOR THE CLERGY PARTICULARLY, and for no other estate of the Realm besides; to intimate, that as your Law calls the Clergy, A High State, and One of the grea∣test States of the Realm; so it deserves a special Care and High regard proportio∣nable. That by this Juracory Oath, the King swears in special; That he will be a Protector and Defender of the Bishops and Clergy, not only of their Persons; as so qualified with such Rights, and Liberties, but also of their Possessions: By vertue of which Oath the King and all others are in point of Conscience obliged to restore to the Church, Bishops, Clergy, not only all the lands and p••ss••ssions taken from them during the late Warrs; but likewise all Mannors, Lands, Rents, R••venues whatsoever, heretofore taken away from any Bishopricks, Abbies, Mon••steries, Monks, Nonnes, Masse or Chantry Priests whatsoever by any of our Kings by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 power in Parliaments, in former ages, t 1.257 under pain of incurring the sins of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Sacriledge, and drawing down the Curses of God and their founders, and exem∣plary destruction, judgements on themselves, their families, yea the whole King∣dom and Nation; as he magisterially resolves; because, being once given, consecra∣ted to God and his Church, they can never be taken away from them, or converted to any secular uses by Kings, Parliaments, or other Soveraign powers, for any offenses, ido∣latrous or superstitious uses limited by the donors, nor for any crimes or abuses of those to whom they were given, there being an aeternal holinesse annexed to them, which can∣not be obliterated. For answer whereunto; I would desire this confident Doctor to resolve these Quaeres; 1. Whether any Archbishop, Bishop, Priest or Clergy∣man, can or ought by the Law of God to covet or desire any more, than a u 1.258 com∣petent, convenient maintenance, answerable to his diligence, labor, care in the consci∣encious discharge of his Ministerial Function, in feeding the flock of Christ which he hath purchased with his own blond? And whether those who labor not in the Word and doctrine, preach not in season and out of season, neglect their pastoral duties, feed∣ing themselves not their flocks, or reside not with them, can lay any claim by divine right to any Church-revenues; since Christ himself resolves, x 1.259 that none but Labourers in and Preachers of the Gospel, are worthy of their meat, hire: and those that labor not, (by y 1.260 St. Pauls resolution) ought not to eat? Whence this Maxime in Law and Divinity, Beneficium propter officium, had its original. If so: Whe∣ther

Christian Kings and States may not lawfully without guilt of Sacriledge, or violation of their Oaths, resume and take away such superfluous Mannors, Lands given by their Ancestors from the Crown to any Archbishops, Bishops, Priests or other Clergymen, for the neglect of their pastoral duties, especially in cases of publike necessity, so as they reserve a competent, sufficient maintenance for those who are pious, laborious, worthy of * 1.261 double honour and encourage∣ment?

2ly. Whether High-Priests, Priests, Levites under the Law, and Apostles, Bishops, Priests, Deacons under the Gospel, though of divine institution, solemnly consecra∣ted for Gods immediate service, and the instruction, salvation of the peoples souls, may not justly lose, forfeit, null these their Sacerdotal consecrations, and be legal∣ly deprived of their respective holy Orders, and the maintenance belonging to them for their vicious scandalous lives, Heresies, Scismes, yea actually † 1.262 executed and put to death for their Murders, Treasons, Rebellions, without any Sacriledge, their consecrations becomming unconsecrations, (as the z 1.263 Jews circumcision became un∣circumcision, by their prophanesse, crimes, and violations of Gods Lawes? If so: as the Presidents of a 1.264 Elyes sonnes, b 1.265 Abiathar the High Priest, with c 1.266 others in the old, and of d 1.267 Judas, who fell from his Apostleship for selling and betraying our Saviour Christ, in the new Testament; with hundreds of e 1.268 presidents of Popes, Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests degraded, executed in all ages, Churches, Kingdoms, and our own; together with the f 1.269 Roman Pontificals in the, forms of their depositions, degradations of Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, Deacons, resolve past all dispute, and this Doctor dares not deny. Then much more may the Temporal Lands and Revenues given to them, being not of divine institution nor so immediately consecrated to Gods service, nor capable of any real inhe∣rent holinesse, as they are, lose their relative holinesse, by their Crimes, or a∣buses of them; and thereupon be converted to other uses by our Kings and Parliaments, without any Sacriledge, if they see just cause: so as Gods service be still supported in all places necessary.

3ly. Whether Temples, Sanctuaries, Cathedral, Parochial, Collegiate Church∣es, and private Chappels, solemnly erected, consecrated to Gods sacred Wor∣ship, with their respective materials, ornaments, vessels, vestments, utensils, when forsaken, abhorred by God, decayed, demolished, or deserted by fire, inundations, earth-quakes, wars, pestilence, or seised on by conquering Enemies of a different Religion, expelling the Natives who erected them, for the Bishops, Priests, or peoples sinnes, together with the soyl whereon they were built, and Church∣yards adjoyning to them, do not thereby lose their Consecrations, and become common or prophane? If so: as 1 1.270 sundry sacred Texts, the presidents of 2 1.271 Shiloh, Gods own House, Temple, in the 3 1.272 Holy City of Jerusalem, all the 4 1.273 Synagogues of God in the Holy Land, the famous Churches of Ephesus, Antioch, Philippi, Colosse, Thessalonica, Thyatira, Pergamus, Philadelphia, Sardis, Corinth, Smyrna, Constantinople, Alexandria, with many hundreds of particular Churches, Chappels destroyed, suppressed by the invasions of the Goths, Vandals, Saracens, Turkes, Tartars, Danes, throughout Asia and Europe, and our own Realms, evi∣dence; and Hugo Grotius, de Jure Belli & Pacis, l. 3. c. 5. with the Authors there cited by him prove at large. Yea g 1.274 Popes, and Popish Bishops, Canonists (who attri∣bute most holinesse to consecrated places) unanimously determine, Si Ecclesia in

totum corruit, vel destruitur quoad tectum & parietes, aut in majori parte, it à ut opor∣teat eos noviter simul reficere; vel si parietes ipsi igne decrustentur intus & exterius, minime retinent antiquam consecrationem, et execrata censeantur. Etiam quando Ecclesia insimul & in totum destruitur, eo animo ut iterum reaedificetur ex eadem mate∣ria: Vel si parietes corruunt in totum vel in majors parte erit Ecclesia execrata cen∣senda, et noviter consecranda. And they further resolve, h 1.275 Si populus noluit Eccle∣siam quae minatur ruinam, restanrare, ea debet penitus destrui, et Episcopus po∣test vendere lapides Altarium vel Ecclesiarum destructarum: Ecclesiae vetustate collapsae, quando reparari nequeunt, sunt in totum destruend••, without any sinne or Sacriledge. Yea the Act for Rebuilding of London made this Parliament An▪ 19 Caroli 2. c. 3. enacts, That the Parish Churches to be rebuilt within the City of London which were demolished by the late fire shall not exceed the Number of 39. And that the Scites and Materials of the other (40) Churches which are not intended by this Bill to be rebuilt, together with the Churchyards, shall be and are thereby vested in the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London for the time being, and that such of them as shall not upon the rebuilding of the City of London be layd into the streets, shall be sold or otherwise disposed of (for buildings or market places) by the said Lord Mayor and Aldermen, or the major part of them, by and with the consent of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Bishop of London for the time being: and the money raised by such sale disposed of and imployed towards the rebuilding of such Parish Churches, as by this Act are intended to be rebuilt. Yea the Canonists themselves resolve, That both Ca∣thedral, Collegiate, and Parish Churches, may be translated from one place to ano∣ther, either by reason of the incursions of Enemies, the unwholsomnesse of the air, the peril of inundations, or remotenesse from the parishioners; and that they may be demolished, and Forts, Castles built in their places to hinder the incursions of for∣oreign enemies in times of Warr, so as other lands by way of exchange be given in recompense for them, without any Sacriledge: Therefore there is no such inherent inseparable holinesse in them, as this Doctor surmiseth: much lesse in the Lands and Temporalties belonging to them, which were never solemnly consecrated, and revert to the founders or Donors themselves, when the Churches are destroyed, ruined, deserted, translated to other places; as our Judges, Lawes, have long since resolved, Ingulphi Historia, p. 895, 896. 8 H. 5. Tit. Abbe. 28. 20 H. 6. 8 b. 20 H. 8. Brooke Extinguishment 35. & Corporation 78. 11 E. 4. 4. a. per Chok. 7 E. 4. f. 11, 12. Fitzh. Graunt 17. & Cookes 3 Report, f. 75. b.

4ly. Whether God himself hath not expresly commanded in i 1.276 several Texts, all Temples Places, High-Places, Altars, Groves, Images dedicated to the Worship of Idols, false Gods, or to be utterly destroyed, cut down, and burnt with fire, though dedicated with a pious, but erronious intention, for the honor, worship of a Dei∣ty, though false, and that the conjecrated Priests of these Idols, and their worshippers, revolting from the true God, should be put to death; which King Hezekiah, Josiah, Jehu under the Law, and k 1.277 Constantine the Great, with other Christian Emperors, Kings under the Gospel, zealously executed, for which they were highly applauded? Whe∣ther l 1.278 Moses himself did not thus destroy the Golden Calf, made and consecrated by Aa∣ron to represent, worship the true God in and by it, (as the sacred History, and m 1.279 Divines accord) and burn, grind it to powder, strow it upon water, and make the children of Israel drink thereof? Whether Jeroboams Calves, and their Temples at Dan and Bethel, made to represent and worship God in and by them, (which proved the destruction of him and his family,) were not likewise destroyed by Josiah, as being directly contrary to the second Commandement? And whether Hez••kiah did not break in pieces the brazen serpent which Moses had made, because the children of Israel did burn Incense unto it, to Gods dishonor, though a o 1.280 Type of Christ? If so: Whether by the self-same rea∣son, Temples, Monasteries, Chappels, Chauntries, Images of the sacred Trinity, of God the Father, Sonne, Holy Ghost, of the Virgin Mary, other Saints, Angels, erected in times of Popery, for the worship of the true God in an Idolatrous, superstitious, erronious uses, against his Word and precepts, may and ought not by the self-same reason to be demolished by our Christian Protestant Kings, Parliaments; and the * 1.281 p 1.282

Lands, Revenues, annexed to them for the maintenance of Popish idolatry and su∣perstition, be lawfully confiscated, and converted to publike secular uses, without any Sacriledge, or violation of Prov. 20. 15. Act. 5. 1. to 17. Rom. 2. 22. or any other sacred Text? And whether Gods special direction to Moses, * 1.283 to make broad plates for the covering of the Altar of the brazen censers of Korah and Dathan which were hallowed, on purpose, to be a memorial to the children of Israel, that no stranger, which is not of the seed of Aaron come near to offer incense before the Lord, that he be not as Korah and his company, (on which this Doctor much relies) be any way pertinent, to prove it Sacriledge, to convert such lands to secular uses.

5ly. Whether Churches built, consecrated, endowed with lands, revenues by Hereticks and Schismaticks, may not lawfully be demolished or taken away from them by q 1.284 Christian Emperors, Kings, and confiscated to their Exchequers without any sacriledge or impiety, (as in the cases of the Donatists, Novatians, Manichees, Arians, and other Hereticks and Schismaticks in former ages) being the most probable means to suppresse their Heresies and Schisms? If so: (as I presume this Doctor, who much inveighs against Schismaticks throughout his Treatise a∣gainst Sacriledge, will readily grant;) then by the self-same reason our Kings and Parliaments might justly suppresse, demolish all Monasteries to suppresse Popish Idolatry, Heresie, Superstition, and confiscate most of their lands and revenues to the Kings Eschequer, without any Sacriledge or impiety.

6ly. Whether the Lands or Revenues given and dedicated to one religious Or∣der of Monks or Nunnes, upon their dissolution, can be justly challenged by any other religious Order to whom they were never granted nor designed; any more then lands given or bequeathed to one person and his heirs, or to one City or Corporation and their successors, can be justly claimed by another person or Cor∣poration upon the attainders or dissolutions of those to whom they were given, for any treason or felony? If not, as is most certain by r 1.285 all divine and human Lawes: then how can any of our Evangelical Bishops, Presbyters, Priests or Dea∣cons, who are of divine institution, by any Lawes of God or man, challenge a lawfull Title, right, interest in, or to all or any the Livings, Lands, Tenements, Rents, Revenues heretofore given, dedicated, appropriated to any Orders of Monks, Freers, Nunnes, Monasteries, of meer Papal, not Divine institution, by any of our antient Kings or others, either for the expiation of their horrid scan∣dalous Sinnes, Murders, Rapines, Adulteries, Whoredoms, Perjuries, or other Crimes; or else for the salvation of their own and others souls, and ransoming them from Hell or Purgatory flames, by their merits, fastings, alms, or prayers for them to the Virgin Mary, and other Saints departed; in high derogation of the all-satisfactory merits, mediation of our Lord Jesus Christ, the s 1.286 sole Mediator be∣tween Gsd and man, the only Advocate and propitiation for the sins of men: and con∣demn it as most impious, inexpiable Sacriledge, not to restore them to their actual possession, to whom they were never given, dedicated, nor intended, and that for the performance of such superstitious Popish services, which themselves condemn, and neither can nor ought to perform? If then St. Pauls divinity be orthodox, and his assertion legal, t 1.287 We have an Altar whereof they have no right to eat, which serve the Tabernacle. And the Priesthood being changed, there is made also of ne∣cessity a change of the Law: so that the Cities, Glebes, Oblations anciently belong∣ing to the Jewish High Priests, Priests and Levites abolished by Christs priesthood, could not be thereby legally challenged or transmitted to the Apostles and Mini∣sters of the Gospel. Our clamorous Doctor and his Confederates must henceforth give over their pretended divine and legal claims, titles, to all or any of our dissol∣ved Abbyes and Monasteries, Lands, Revenues, with their Satyrical invectives against all who refuse to resign or restore them to those Churches, Church-men, to whom they were never given, and from whom they were not taken; for fear they incurre the Prophet Isay his Censure of the covetous lazy Priests in his age; u 1.288 They are all dumb doggs, sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber: Yea, they are greedy doggs, who can never have enough: shepherds that cannot understand, they all look to their own way, every one for his gain from his quarter. Come ye, say they, we will fetch wine, & we will fill our selves with strong drink, and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant; as the fat lazie Monks and Abbots did; especially if they

can once effect their long prosecuted design of gaining all antient Abbey Lands and Revenues by their Satyrical invectives against Sacriledge.

Now whereas this a 1.289 Doctor argues; that admit the Clergymen were guilty of all the crimes laid to their charge, yet their personal delinquency cannot forfeit their Lands which they have in Iure Ecclesiae, & in Iure Dei, they being but usufructuaries of the profits of them during their lives; and in nature of Tenants for life, who cannot for∣feit Gods inheritance and fee.

I answer: 1. That all our b 1.290 Lawbooks resolve; that Bishops, Abbots, and other Clergymen are seized of their Lands in fee in Jure Ecclesiae; and not tenants for life. 2ly. That they may therefore forfeit the Lands they have in Jure Ecclesiae & Dei, either by c 1.291 alienations of them for life, or in fee to their bastards, whores, kinred, others, against the donors intentions, or by their neglecting and ceasing to perform the Di∣vine services, and works of piety, charity, devotion for which they were specially gi∣ven to them; and that by the expresse provision, words of the Statutes of 13 E. 1. c. 41. & 6 E. 1. cap. 4. which gives the Donors and their heirs Writs of Contra for∣mam collationis, and of Cessavit, to recover the Lands so forfeited by their abuses, or non-performance of the divine services, or almes for which they were given. 3ly. This is evident by sundry memorable presidents, recorded in our Histories, Records and Law-books: The 1. is that of the d 1.292 Abbesse and Nunnes of Berkeley in Glocestershire, who being all bigg with childe by Earl Godwins Nephew, and so found by inquisition, King Edward the Confessor thereupon dissolved the Monastery for their whoredoms, and gave the Lands to Earl Godwin, from whom the Barons of Berkeley have enjoyed it as the seat of their Barony for many hundred years. The 2. the e 1.293 Abbesse of Ambresbury, who having three bastard children after her pro∣fession, and about 30. of her Nunnes being likewise convicted of incontinency; thereupon their order was dissolved, and their lands given by King Henry the 2. to the Nuns of the Order of Font-Ebrard in Picardy by the advise of Pope Alexander, Richard Archbishop of Canterbury, and the rest of our Bishops, Earls, and Barons, as the f 1.294 Charters, Patents of Henry the 2. Richard the 1. King John, Henry 3. 4. & 6. assure us, and Roger Hoveden, Gervasius, Bromton, Henry de Knyghton, and others story. To which I might adde the presidents of the Nuns of St. Eligius in Paris, Anno 1107. of Argentol, and of St. Johns of Laudnne, Anno 1129. who for their infamous, diabolical whoredomes, were deprived, ejected, suppressed, and their Lands, Monasteries, transferred to others. Nunneries (as g 1.295 Nicholaus de Clemangiis and others complain) degenerating frequently into Stewes and Bro∣thels, Non Dei sanctuaria, sed Veneris execranda prostibula. The 3. is the famous Order of the Knights of the Temple of Jerusalem, who being instituted about the year of Christ 1118. and endowed with most h 1.296 ample possessions, priviledges both by Christian Emperors, our own and other Kings, Popes Bulls, and Decrees of Councils, for the defence of the Holy Land, Christianity and Christians against the Saracens and other Infidels, were yet for their intollerable pride, avarice, abuse of priviledges, Apostacy, Sodomy, and other crimes, (whereof many of them were accused, and found guilty by their own confessions, if we believe Pope Clements Bull) upon the frequent complaints of the French King & others against them, after near 200 years continuance, notwithstanding their Bulls, Priviledges, in the General Council of Vien∣na, totally and finally suppressed by that Council and Pope Clement the 5th. An. Dom. 1312. whereupon all their persons were imprisoned in one day throughout Eng∣land, France and Christendom; their Manors (amounting to 9000. in all places,) with their Lands, goods in England, seised into the hands of K. Edw. the 2. as escheated to him & other Lords by Law by their dissolution; though most of their lands afterwards by the Decree of this Council, and a special Act of Parliament, were translated to the Hospitallers, as our * 1.297 Records, i 1.298 Historians and the Bulls of this Pope to the Archbi∣shops and Bishops of England, and Archbishop of Yorke, at large relate. The 4. is

the Case of k 1.299 Thomas Pype Abbot of Stonely, who had more Bastards then Monks, An. 38 E. 3. and of many Abbots, Monks of England, who being found guilty by several Inquisitions upon Oath of most detestable Sodomies, Adulteries, Whoredoms, and other Crimes in King Henry the 8. his reign, epitomized by l 1.300 John Bale, and m 1.301 Speed in his History of Great Britain, were thereupon totally suppressed, and their Lands by Act of Parliament confiscated, and transferred to this King, his heirs and successors; who sold and converted most of them to secular uses: Which alienations, together with his resumptions, alienations of several Mannors from our Archbishops and Bishops, were ratified as legal, by the Popish Parliament, and all our Prelates, Clergy, the Statutes of 3. & 2 Phil. & Mary, chap. 8. and by the Bull of Pope Iulius to Queen Mary; without the guilt of Sacriledge, wherewith this Doctor now asperseth them, as I have n 1.302 elsewhere evidenced at large; and therefore shall no further insist on.

I pretermit all other particular advantages, and encroachments of Jurisdiction of lesser moment, which Popes, Popish Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, Canonists, and Divines have usurped by, and deduced from the Coronation Oathes prescribed by them to Emperors and Kings. But these recited are of such publike, grand concern∣ment to their Prerogatives, Soveraignties, Crowns, their Kingdoms, Peoples Laws, Liberties, and so pertinent to my Subject-matter in this, the precedent, as well as subsequent Tomes, that I could not pretermit, but recommend them to your special observations.

I have only one thing more to inform you of; that since the finishing of this Tome, I have discovered two grosse mistakes together, relating to King John, his successors and Realm, in a modern Great French Historian, Andre de Chesne his Histoire D'angleterre, Descosse, & D'irland, x 1.303 newly printed in two large folio Vo∣lumes at Paris: who relating the story of King Johns resignation of his Crown, and Realms of England and Ireland to Pope Innocent, and homage to him as his Vassal and Tributarie under the annual rent of 1000 marks; affirms, 1. Que de son temps mesme, et jusque a ce que le Roy Henry 8. renonca le Pape et Lesglise Romaine l'an MD. XXXIV. le cens et tribut annuel fut tous jours payen: when as the payment * 1.304 thereof was oft opposed, and constantly denyed from the 17 year of Edward the 1. since which it was never payd, though demanded by Popes from him and his successors; yea it was unanimously and magnanimously resolved against both by the King, Prelates, Nobles and Commons in the Parliament of 40 E. 3. Rot. Parl. nu. 7, 8. in case the Pope should demand it. 2ly. Que Roys Inas par une humble piete, ren∣dit son Royaume tributaire a l'Esglise Romaine, environ l'an 740. tellement que chacun maison devoit payer une piece de argent, & les appelloient vulguarrement, Les deniers de Sainct Pierre: which he stiles and reputes le Tribut annuel; et destors l' Angleterre n'avoit jammes failly de faire la mailly bonne aux Papes jusque a ce que Henry viii. tout le premier fist defense de lever cet argent. When as Peter-pence was never granted nor payd as a Tribute to the Pope or Church of Rome, but as a meer voluntary Almes to the English School in Rome, and its payment fre∣quently interrupted, denyed, before our King Henry the 8. abolished it by Act of Par∣liament; as I have y 1.305 largely evidenced, against Baronius and other Pontifician Hi∣storians and Divines before this new Historians Books came forth in print: The very same I finde z 1.306 likewise asserted in, Divers Traitez sur les Droicts & Preroga∣tives des Royes de France, printed A Paris, avec Privilege le Roy, Anno 1666. p. 79. who from thence argues, the Precedency of the Kings of France before the Kings of England, for that they held their Crowns immediately from God, when as the Kings o•• England (as Offa, Inas, Ethelwolf••, and King John) rendred them∣selves Tributaries and Vassals to the Pope.

Since the compleating of this Tome and the Epistles to it, one Mr. Cressy a Bene∣dictin Monk (an Apostate from the Church of England, who writ two or three Pam∣phlets against our Church & Religion to ingratiate himself with the Roman party, and advance Oral Traditi•••• ••bove the Scriptures, as the only Rule of Faith) hath publi∣shed a large * 1.307 folio Volume, of the Church History of Brittany, from the beginning of Christianity till the Norman Conquest, dedicated to the QUEEN: wherein though he impertinently mentions my Church-History in his Preface to the Reader, yet he neither refutes nor takes Notice of any passages in my former Tomes throughout his History, as I and others expected.

If upon perusal of this Tome, any Readers shall reap satisfaction, information, or profit by my Collections or Observations therein, let me enjoy the benefit of their prayers, at least a candid acceptation of these my Labors, and if they shall chance to discover any involuntary real mistakes therein, (besides the Errataes at the Presse, which I have amended, and desire them to correct before they read this Vo∣lume) I shall humbly crave their friendly advertisement of them, that so I may recti∣fie them if there be just cause upon second thoughts. Farewell.

From my Chamber in the Tower of London, August 18. 1668.

William Prynne.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Adhuc Com∣munia de Ter∣mino S. Mich. An 35 H. 3. Rot. 2 intus. Praeceptum D••mini Regis.
• * 1.2

  See Magna Charta, c. 1.
• † 1.3

  See 9 E 2. Statute of Sheriffs, Rastal She••••ffs 2. 4 E. 3. c. 15.
• * 1.4

  Inter Commu∣nia infesto S. Trin. An. 41 H. 3. Rot. 20. dorso. Ph••l••ppo Lovell, Pro Judaeis de Sa∣cerdote eligen∣do.
• a 1.5

  1 Kings 2. 26. 27. 5. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Di∣st••n••t. 22. 96. 98. Barth. B••••x••ensi••, & Johannes Thierry in th••••r G••••sses thereon, Gul. Duran ius Ra∣tionale Divin. l. ••. Alvar. Pelag••us de Planctu Eccles. l. 1. Art▪ c. 13. Bellarm. de Roman. Pon∣tif. l. 4.
• c 1.6

  Cornel. Ta∣citus, Annal. l. 3. Sueroniu••, Eutropius, G••imston, & others in the lives of Titus, Vespatian, & Trajan, God∣wins Rom. An∣tiquities, l. 3. sect. 1. c. 9. & l. 3. 3. 8.
• d 1.7

  Gal. 2. 5. to 15.
• e 1.8

  Epiphanius contr. Haeres. l. 1. c. 7. Euse∣bius Eccles. Histor. l. 3. c. 31.
• f 1.9

  Acts 25. 6. to 13.
• g 1.10

  Eusebiur, Nicephorus, Platina, Cent. Magd. Onu∣phrius, Gene∣brard, Ribade∣niera, Mat. Westm. An. 66 & sund••y o∣thers.
• h 1.11

  Rom. 13. 1, to 8. 1 Pet. 2. 13, 14, 15. Tit. 3. 1. Mat. 10. 17, 18.
• i 1.12

  Mat. 27. Mat. 14. & 15. Lu. 23. & Joh. 28. 1 Pet. 2. 21, 22, 23.
• k 1.13

  See Platina. Balaeus, Euse∣bius, Theodo∣ret, Zozome∣nus, Nicepho∣rus, Baronius, Genebrard, in their lives.
• l 1.14

  Gratian, Caus. 9. qu. 3. Caus. 11. qu. 3. Caus. 7. qu. 4. & Distinct. 21. 40. 96. Extrav. de Majoritate & Obedientia, Augustinus Triumphus, Marta, Barbo∣sa, & Bellarm. de Romano Pontif. & Cle∣ricis, Marc. de Vulson, De la Puissance du Pape, l. 1. c. 2. 17, 18. Dominicus Soto, m. 4. sent. dist. 25. qu. 2. Didacus Covarruvias in Pract. quaest. 31. Conclus. 3, 4. Mariana, l. 1. c. 10. De Instit. Regum.
• a 1.15

  See Aelius Lampridius, Flavius Vo∣piscus, Dio∣dorus Siculus, Suetonius, Po∣lybius, Dion Cassius, Justin, Tacitus, Cus∣pinian, Eutro pius, Paulus D••aconus, Al∣bertus Crant∣zius, Volater∣ranus, Grim∣stons Imperial History, An∣toninus, Matthew Westminster, Hector Boetius, Marianus Scotus, the General Histories of Spain, France, Den∣ma••k, and Mr. Seldens Titles of Honor, pars 1. ch. 8. p. 167, 168. Alexander ab Alexandro, Geneal. Dierum, l. 1. c. 28. l. 2. c. 19. & Boemus de Moribus Gentium.
• b 1.16

  Esther 2. 17.
• 1 1.17

  Joan. Zo∣naras, Annal. Tom. 3. f. 123. 125.
• 2 1.18

  Evagrius Eccl. Hist. l. 3. c. 32. Niceph. Callist. Eccl. Hist. lib. 16. c. 26. Joan. Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. f. 126. Cent. Magdeburg. 5. c. 10. col. 1214, 1215. Gene∣brardi Chron. p. 453. Petrus de Marca, De Concord. Sa∣cerdotii & Im∣perii, l. 4. c. 9. n. 6.
• 3 1.19

  Chrono∣graph. p. 453.
• 4 1.20

  Platina, & Dr. Barnes in Gelasio 1. & Sabellicus Centur. Magd. 5. c. 10. col. 1278, 1279.
• b 1.21

  Selden Titles of Honor, part 1. c. 8. p. 146, 168. Eutr. Rer. Rom. H••st. l. 16 p. 208. Onu∣phr. de Comi∣tiis Imp. c. 2. 5.
• c 1.22

  Annal. Tom. 3. f. 130 b.
• d 1.23

  In Johann. 1.
• c 1.24

  Annal. Tom. 7. An. 525. p. 106.
• f 1.25

  Ticinens. Hi∣stor. l. 8. 6. 2.
• g 1.26

  Annal. Tom. 3. f. 128. Im∣perium Justin. Thracis.
• h 1.27

  Annal. Tom. 3. f. 131, 132.
• i 1.28

  Rerum Rom. Hist. 16 & 17. p. 212.
• k 1.29

  See my first Tome, p. 102. 103, 104. Eu∣tropius, l. ••7. p. 232, 233.
• † 1.30

  Anno 609. p. 209. See Here, Tom. 2. p. 103, 104. l Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. p. 133. Eu∣••ropius Rerum Rom. l. 18. p. 237
• m 1.31

  Eutropius l. 24. p. 337. Zo∣naras Tom. 3. f. 141.
• n 1.32

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. f. 142, 143. Eutropius l. 24. p. 145, 146.
• o 1.33

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. f. 143, 144. Eu∣tropius, l. 23. p. 350, 351.
• p 1.34

  Zonaras & Eutropius Ibi∣dem, Paulus Diaconus De Gestis Longo∣ba dorum, l. 6. p. 439.
• q 1.35

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. f. 144 b. 146 a. f. 156 a. 158 a. 159 a. 166, 168 a. b 172 b. 177 b.
• r 1.36

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 5. 147 a. 156 a. 158 a. 159 a. 178 b. 180 b.
• s 1.37

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. p. 161.
• t 1.38

  Zonaras An∣nal. Tom. 3. Nicetas Chron. Annal. f. 9. 172 173. Centur. Magd. 11. c. 3. col. 38. c. 10. col. 516, 517, Cent. 12. col. 1381.
• * 1.39

  Nota▪
• u 1.40

  Annal. l. 1. f. 9. b. See Cent Magd. 12 col. 871.
• x 1.41

  Annal. p. 31. b.
• a 1.42

  Hist. Roma∣nae, l. 3. f. 9.
• b 1.43

  Capita, l. 2. f. 61.
• c 1.44

  Niceph. Gre∣go••as Hist. Rom. l. 3. f. 1. a
• * 1.45

  b. 10. & l. 4. f. 12, 13, 14. Cent. Magd. 13 col. 21, 606, 982, 983, & Cent. 12. col. 1382, 1383.
• d 1.46

  Nicephorus Gregoras Hist. Romanae, l. 4. f. 15. Centur. Magd. 13. col. 684.
• e 1.47

  Niceph. Gre∣gor••s Romanae Hist. l. 5. f. 16, 17, 19, 20. Cent. Magd. 13 col. 783, 1355. See Here, p. 148, 149.
• f 1.48

  See Niceph. Gregoras Rom. Hist. l. 6, 7, & 8. & Cent. Magd. 12 & 13 cap. 10. in their lives.
• g 1.49

  Niceph. Gre∣gor••s, l. 8. f. 32. a 1. 39 a 1.
• h 1.50

  Ibid. l. 8. f. 40. & Georg. Pachym. Hist. l. 3. f. 64 b.
• y 1.51

  Cantachuz. Hist. l. 1. c. 41.
• z 1.52

  Titles of Ho∣nor, Part 1. ch. 8. p. 146, 168, 189, to 193.
• z 1.53

  Onuphrius de Comitiis Imperialib. c. 5. & Mr. Sel∣dens Titles of Honor, part 1. c. 8. p. 146.
• a 1.54

  Mat. Westm. An. 801. p. 294. Eutropius Re∣rum Rom. Hist. l. 23. f. 332. Zonar Annal. Tom. 3. Lam∣bertus Sagax, Hist. l. 23. Mr. Seldens Titles of Ho∣nor, part 1. ch. 8. p. 147. 168. Onuphrius de Comitiis Impe∣rial. c. 5.
• b 1.55

  Fox Acts & Monuments Vol. 1. p. 205, 216, 226. Centur. Magd 8 & 9. col. 331. My Epistle Dedi∣catory, & Gra∣tian Distinct. 63. Mat. We••t. An. 815. 1033.
• c 1.56

  Simeon D••∣nelme••sis ••e Gestis Regum Angliae, col. 232. to 237. O••to Frisin gensis, l. 7. c. 14. Radulphus de Diceto Ab∣brev. Chroni∣corum col. 502
• d 1.57

  Chron••ca Sclavorum, l. 1. c. 40.
• e 1.58

  D••stinctio 63. Tibi Do∣minus f. 112. & Bartholo∣maeus Brixien∣sis, Johannes Thierry & o∣thers in their Glosses there∣on. See Pope Adrians Letter to the Empe∣ror Frederick B•• barossa, Fox Acts & Mon. Vol. 1. p. 263. & 273. D••. Marta de Jurisdictione, pars 1. c. 4. n. 9. 11, 12, 15. c. 18. n. 12, 13. to 24. Cent. Magd. 10. col. 410, 406
• f 1.59

  Dr. Marta de Jurisdictione, pars 1. c. 18. n. 7. to 24.
• g 1.60

  De Monarchia Tract. pars 1. cap. 71. in Melchior Col. dastus his Monarchia S. Romani Imperii, pars 1. p. 301, & 233.
• h 1.61

  Carolus S••∣gonius de Reg∣no Italiae, l. 11 p. 262, 263. Radevicus, l. 1. n. 9. 10. D. Mar∣ta de Jurisdict. pars 1. c. 18. ••. 21.
• i 1.62

  Ba••th. Cassa∣naeus, Catal. Gloriaemundi, quinta pars 29. Consideratio. Cent. Magd. 9. col. 331. & Dr. Marta de Jurisdictione l. 1. c. 18. n. 6. to 24. & sun∣dry others there quoted, Doctor Cra∣kenthorps De∣fence of Con∣stantine, c. 14 142, 343.
• k 1.63

  Jacobus Al∣main De Po∣testate Eccles. & Laic. qu. 2. c. 10. Lupoldus de Jure Regis & Imperator is c. 4. & 11. Dr. Crakenthorp Defence of Constantine, c. 14. p. 342, 343.
• l 1.64

  Doctrinalis Fidei, Tom. 1 l. 3. Artic. 3. c. 78. p. 389, 390, 391.
• m 1.65

  Capitularia Car. Magn. & Ludovic••, lib. 2. Tit. 1. c. 2.
• n 1.66

  De Concor∣d••a Sacerdotii & Imperii, lib. 4, c. 9. n. 5 & 6. p. 254, 255.
• o 1.67

  In Capitulit Lodovici II. Tit. 1.
• p 1.68

  Capitula Ca∣roli Calvi a∣pud Carisia∣cum, Tit. 43. cap. 4.
• q 1.69

  Capitula Ca∣roli Calvi, Tir. 35. post Caput 3.
• r 1.70

  Part 1. ch. 2. p. 222, &c.
• * 1.71

  For which, See Centur. Magd. 13. cap. cap. 7. p. 682, 683, 684, 685.
• s 1.72

  Tractatus de Principibus Notabil. 22.
• t 1.73

  De Jurisdict, pars 1. c. 18. n. 11, 12. &c. 27. n. 1, &c.
• u 1.74

  Dr. Marta de. Jurisdict. pars 1. c. 26. nu. 2, 3, 6. to 24. & Baro∣n••us de▪ Regno Sicilix, Pa••is. 1605.
• x 1.75

  Radulphus de Diceto, Y∣magines Hist. col. 593, 594.
• a 1.76

  Historiae Re∣gum Britann••ae l. 2. c. 17. l. 3. c. 1. 13, 16, 17, 18, 20.
• b 1.77

  Galfridus M••nmutensis, lib. 4. c. 11. 17.
• c 1.78

  See Here, Tom. 1. p. 17, to 38.
• d 1.79

  Galfr. Mon∣mut. l. 5. c. 5, 6, 11.
• e 1.80

  Galfr. Mon l. 6. c. 1, to 6
• f 1.81

  Mat. Westm. Flores Hist. p. 149, 150, 153. See here, Tom. 1. p. 125, 126.
• g 1.82

  Galfr. Monm. l. 6. c. 8. p. 150, 151.
• h 1.83

  Galfr. Mon▪ l. 8. c. 2, 17. l. 9. c. 1, 12. Mat. Westm. p. 170, 182, 185.
• i 1.84

  Titles of Ho∣no••, part 1. ch. 8. p. 171.
• k 1.85

  H••storiae Regum Brit. l. 9. c. 12, 13.
• l 1.86

  Ga••fr. Monm. l. 10 c 13. l. 11. c. 2, 3, 5. Mat. Westm. p. 191, 192, 193. & Galfr. Monm. Hist. l. 1, 2. c. 1, 5.
• m 1.87

  Prin••ed in Rerum Brit. S••riptores, De Excidio & Conquestu Britanniae: See Archbp. Usher de Britannica∣rum Ecclesia∣rum Primor∣diis, p. 533, 5••4, 536. Mr. Seldens Titles of Hon••r, part 1. c. 8 p. 149. Galfr. Monm. l. 12. c. 6.
• n 1.88

  Galfr. Mon. l. 11. cap. 1, 2, 3. 11.
• o 1.89

  Galfr. Mon. l. 12. c. 11.
• p 1.90

  Mat. Westm. An. 758. p. 273
• q 1.91

  Part 1. ch. 8. p. 171.
• r 1.92

  Gul. Malms∣beriensis de Gestis Regum Angl. l. 1. c. 4. P. 33.
• s 1.93

  In vita Ael∣fred••, p. 3.
• t 1.94

  De Gestis Regum Angl. col. 130, 53. 132, 18.
• u 1.95

  Chronicon, p. 296, 297.
• x 1.96

  Abbrev. Chronicarum, col. 250, 22.
• y 1.97

  Chronicon, col. 809. 31.
• z 1.98

  De Gestis Regum Angl. l. 2. c. 4. p. 42
• a 1.99

  Flores Hist. P. 307, 308.
• b 1.100

  De Vita & Miraculis Ed∣wardi Confes∣soris, col 352, 29. 371, 63.
• c 1.101

  Chronicon. col. 809.
• d 1.102

  Col. 1777. l. 59.
• e 1.103

  Titles of Honor, p. 150.
• c 1.104

  Mat. Westm. An. 855. p 308 Chron. Johan. Bromton, col. 745, 13. 754, 58.
• d 1.105

  Mat. Westm. An. 901, p. 351 Radulphus de Diceto Ab∣brev. Chron. col. 453, 61. Chron. Johan. Bromton, col. 831, 28.
• e 1.106

  Mat. Westm. p. 363. Joann. Bromton Chr. col. 837, 44. H••nr. Huntin∣don Hist. l. 5. p. 354.
• f 1.107

  Radulphus de D••ceto, col. 454, 455. Si∣meon Dunelm. Hist. col. 156. 17. Mat. W••st. p. 369.
• g 1.108

  Simeon Du∣nelm. Hist. col: 159. Florentius Wygorn. p. 353 Mat. Westm. p. 374. Hoveden p. 426. Henr. Hunt. H••st. l. 5. p. 357.
• h 1.109

  Florentius Wygorniensis, p. 361. Radul∣phu de Diceto, Abbr. Hist. p. 458, 35. Chr. Johan. Brom∣ton, col. 872. Mat. Westm. p. 376.
• i 1.110

  Florent. Wy∣gorn. p. 362. Mat. Westm. p. 378. Roger. Hoveden, p. 427. Henr. Huntindon H••st. l. 5. p. 357.
• k 1.111

  Titles of Ho∣nor, p. 150, 151, &c. 158, to 180.
• l 1.112

  S••meon Du∣nelmens. de Gestis Regum Angl. col. 173. Florent. Wy∣g••rn. Chron. p. 384 Mat. West p. 401. Roger Hoved. Annal. pars 1. Chr. Jo. Bromt. p. 903.
• m 1.113

  Here, p. 342.
• n 1.114

  Mat. West p. 410, 411, 412. Florent. Wy∣gorniensis Chr. p. 400, 401. Hoveden An∣nal. pars 1. p. 438. Hen. Hun∣tindon Hist. l. 6 p. 364, 365. Si∣meon Dunelm. col. 180. Ra∣dulphus de Di∣ceto col. 474. Chron. Johan. Bromton, col. 932, 933.
• o 1.115

  Flo••. Wygor. Chron. p. 404. Mat. Westm. p. 415. Will. Malmesburi∣ens. de G••stis Regum Angl. l. 2. c. 13. p. 80. Hen. Huntin∣don Hist. l. 6. p. 364. Hoveden Annal. pars 1. p. 439. Sim. Dunelmensis col. 181. Ae∣thelredus Ab∣bas Rievallis de Genealogia Regum Angl. col. 366. De Vita & Mirac. Edwardi Con∣fessoris, col. 375 Chron. Joan. Bromton, col. 937. Gervasius Act. Pontif. Cantua••. col. 1652. H••nr. de Knyght••n de Event. Angliae, l. 1. c. 8. col. 2329. Poly∣chron. Polydo•• Virgil, Fab••an, Caxton, G••af∣ton, Holinshed Speed, and o∣thers in his Life.
• p 1.116

  Sp••lmanni Concil. Tom 2 p. 3••2. Here. p. 266.
• q 1.117

  Gul. Lam∣bardi Archai∣on, f. 130. & Abrahamus Whelochu•• Arkaionomia, p. 142.
• r 1.118

  Lib. 3. de Actionibus, c. 9 f. 107.
• s 1.119

  See Here, Tom. 1. p. 319. to 330.
• t 1.120

  Monasticon Angl. Vol. 1. p. 236.
• u 1.121

  Historia, p. 900.
• x 1.122

  Chron. p. 428
• y 1.123

  Abbr. Chron. col. 479.
• z 1.124

  Hist. Novo∣rum, p. 5.
• a 1.125

  Annal. pars prior, p. 447.
• b 1.126

  Historiae, p. 2 Flores Hist. p. 433.
• a 1.127

  Historiae, p. 900.
• b 1.128

  De Gestis Regum, l. 2. c. 11.
• c 1.129

  De Vita & Miraculis Ed∣wardi Confes∣soris, col. 400
• d 1.130

  Hist. l. 6. p. 384.
• e 1.131

  Hist. Angliae, p. 2.
• f 1.132

  Flores Hist. p. 433.
• g 1.133

  Chron. col. 957.
• h 1.134

  De Event. Angl. l. 2. c. 6.
• i 1.135

  Yp••digma Neu∣striae, p. 28.
• k 1.136

  Acts and Monuments Vol. 1. p. 214.
• l 1.137

  Britanni••, p. 145, 146.
• m 1.138

  History of Great Britain, p. 419.
• n 1.139

  See Here, Tom. 1. p. 329, to 339.
• o 1.140

  De Gestis Regum Angl. col. 19••.
• p 1.141

  Ch••onicon p. 422.
• q 1.142

  Annal. pars prior, p. 450
• r 1.143

  Acta Pontif. Ebor. col. 170•• See Praefatio Rogeri Twisde•• ad Leges Wil∣lielmi primi, in Archa••ono∣mia Abrahami Whelochi, p. 155, 156.
• s 1.144

  De Gestis Pont••f. Anglo∣rum, l. 3. p. 271
• t 1.145

  Col. 962.
• * 1.146

  Gulielmus Neubrigen••is, l. 1. c. 1. p. 1, 2.
• u 1.147

  S••e here, p. 269.
• x 1.148

  Mat. Paris in Vita Fritherici Abbatis. 13. S. Albani, p. 30. Speeds History p. 440, 441.
• y 1.149

  Gul. Neubri∣gensis l. 1. c. 5. p. 2. Chron. Johan. Brom∣ton, col. 962.
• z 1.150

  Tho. Stubs Acta Pontif. Ebor. col. 1703, 1704.
• z 1.151

  Tho. Stubs Acta Pontif. Ebor. col. 1703, 1704.
• a 1.152

  De Gestis Pontificum Angl. l. 3. p. 271
• b 1.153

  Eadmerus Hist. Novo••. l. 5. p. 13, 14.
• c 1.154

  Simeon Du∣neimeasis Hist. col. 214. Ra∣dulfus de Dice∣to Abbr. Chr. col. 488. Chr. Joan. B••omton co••. 983. Will. Malmsb••riensis De G••st. Reg. l. 4. p. 120. Mat. Paris, Hist. An••l. p. 13. Rog Hoveden Annal. pars prior, p. 463. Mat. Westm. p. 12. Thomas Walsingham Y••od••gm. Neu∣st••iae, p. 35. Florentius Wyg••••••iensis, G••ron. p. 450. H••n deKnygh∣ton, de Event. Angl. l. 2. c. 5. col. 2351. Cestrensis, Polydor Virgil, Speed, Daniel, in Will. Rufus, Mat. Parker, Antiqu. Eccles. Brit. p. 99, 100.
• d 1.155

  Actu•• Pontif. Cant. col 1655.
• e 1.156

  H••nr. Huntindon. Hist. l. 7. p. 372. Hoveden, p. 461.
• f 1.157

  Eadmerus H••st. Novor. l. 1. p. 14. See Antiq. Eccles. Brit. 100, 102. & Gervasius, Actus Pontif. Cantuar. and Godwin in Lan••ranco.
• * 1.158

  A mistake: See Godwins Catalogue of Bishops, p. 10, 12, 15, 20, 32.
• g 1.159

  Mat. Paris, p. 52, 53. Eadmerus, Hist. Novor. l. 3. p. 55. Will. Malms∣buriensis, Hen. Huntindon, Roger Hove∣den, Mat. West. Chron. Joan-Bromton, Gervasius, Hen. deKnygh∣ton, Polychro∣nicon, Fabian, Holinshed, Daniel, Speed, Grafton, An∣no 1100. in Henrico 1.
• h 1.160

  Hist. Novor. l. 3. p. 55.
• * 1.161

  Mat. Paris, Hist. Angl. p. 53, 54. Here, Tom. 1. p. 400, 401. & Leges Henrici 2. in Abraham Wheloc. Spel∣manni Concil. Tom. 2. p. 28, 31.
• * 1.162

  Eadmerus Hist Novor. l. 4. p. 91. Mat. Par. p. 60. Mat. Westm. p. 26. Spelmanni Concil. Tom. 2. p. 27, 28. See Here, Tom. 2. p. 427.
• i 1.163

  Antiqu. Ec∣cles. Brit, p. 111, 112. Ead∣merus H••st. Novorum, l. 6. p. 137. Poly. chronicon l. 7. c. 15. Chron. Johan. Brom∣ton, col. 1013. Gervasius Acta Pontif. Can∣tuar. col. 1661, 1662. Hen. de Knyght••n de Event. Angliae, l. 2. c. 8. col. 2380. Speeds History of Great Britain, p. 475.
• k 1.164

  Chronicles, Vol. 3. p. 96: Hoveden An∣nal. pars 1. p. 481. See Here, Tom. 1. p. 489, 490.
• l 1.165

  Novellae Hist. l. 1. p. 179. Mat. Paris, Hist. Angl. p. 71. who recit•••• the heads of this Oath and Charter.
• m 1.166

  History of Great Britain, p. 484. nu. 4. ••
• n 1.167

  Page 531, to 574.
• o 1.168

  Hen. Hun∣don Histor. l. 8 p. 395. Chro∣nica Ge••vasii col. 1371. & Actus Pontif. Cant. col. 1668. Antiqu. Eccles. Brit. p. 117. Holinshed, Vol. 3. p. 57, 59. Godwins Catalogue of B••shops, p. 41. See Here, Tome 1. p. 368, 369.
• p 1.169

  Mat. Patis Hist. Angl. p. 88. Mat West. p 43. Henry H••ntindon Hist. l. 8. p. 398. Radulfu•• de D••ceto, Ymag. H••st. col. 529. 616. Chron. Johannis Bromton col. 1043 Chroni∣ca Gervasii Dor••bornensis col. 1376, 1377 & Actus P••ntif. Cant. ccl. 1668 Po••ych••oni∣c••n, ••ab••an, Cax on, Poly∣dor Virgil, Grat••on, Ho¦li••shed, Speed, Daniel, Baker in Henry 2.
• q 1.170

  Annal. pars posterior, p. 491.
• r 1.171

  Mat. Westm. p. 44. Matth. Pa••is, p 93.
• s 1.172

  Mat Paris H••st. Angl. p. 117.
• t 1.173

  Gul. Neubri∣gensis Rerum Angl. l. 2. c. 25. Ge••vasii Do∣••obern. Chron. col. 1413 Mat. Paris H••st. Angl. p. 117, 118. H••veden Annal. pars posterior, p. 518, 519. Ra∣d••l••us de Di∣ce••o, Ymag. Histor col. 553 554. Sp••eds H••story p. 505, to 512. Here, Tom. 2. p. 680, to 690.
• u 1.174

  Fox Acts and Monuments Vol. 1. p. 278, 279. Here, Tome 1. p. 651, 668.
• x 1.175

  Mat. Paris H••st. A••gl p. 106, 10•• See Tom. 1. p. 669, 670.
• y 1.176

  Gul. Neubri∣gensis, l. 2. c 25 Chronic••n Gervasii, col. 1414, 1415. Ho••eden An∣nal. pa••s po∣sterior, p. 525, 526. Here, Tom. 1 ••. 685, 686. &c. See Speed, Holin∣shed, Grafton, Daniel.
• z 1.177

  Ymag. Hist. col. 647.
• a 1.178

  Chronica, col. 1587, 1588.
• b 1.179

  col. 1157, 1158, 1159.
• c 1.180

  Annal. Pars poster. p. 656, 657.
• d 1.181

  Hist. Angliae, p. 146, 147.
• e 1.182

  Y••odigma Neust. iae, p. 45, 46.
• f 1.183

  Speeds Histo∣ry of Great Britain, p. 5••0.
• g 1.184

  Mat. Paris Hist. Angl. p. 169. Chroni∣con Joannis Bromton, col. 1258. Henr. de Knyghton de Event. Angl. l. 2. col. 2408.
• h 1.185

  Mat. Paris Hist. Angl. p. 189. Roger Hoveden An∣nal. pars poste∣rior, p. 792, 793. Matthew Westm. p. Ralph Holin∣shed, p. 457. Speeds History p. 549, 550. Polydor Vir∣gil. Angl. Hist. l. 15. p. 265. Daniels Histo∣ry, p. 127, 128.
• i 1.186

  Tom. 2. p. 337, 338. & Here, p. 18, 19, 20.
• i 1.187

  Annal. pars posterior, p. 793.
• l 1.188

  Hist. of Great Britain, & suc∣cession of Mo∣narchs, p. 549, 550.
• m 1.189

  See Tom. 2. p. 253, to 300.
• * 1.190

  Claus. An. 16 Johann, m. 9.
• * 1.191

  See Here, Tom. 2. p. 276, 277.
• † 1.192

  See Tom. 2. p. 276, &c.
• n 1.193

  Tom. 2. p. 279 Mat. Paris Hist. Angl. p. 229, 230.
• * 1.194

  See Tome 2. p. 290.
• * 1.195

  Pat. 16 Johan. Regis, pars 2. m. 6. intus.
• o 1.196

  Mat. Paris Hist. Angl. p. 278. Mat. West 103, 104. Tho. Walsing∣ham Ypodig∣ma Neust••iae, p. 56.
• p 1.197

  De Eventib. Angl. l. 2. c. 15. col. 2427.
• q 1.198

  Mat. Paris, p. 298, Henr. de Knyghton de Even••. Angl. l. 2. c. 15. col. 2427. Matth. Westm. p. 109. See Fabian, Grafton, Ho∣linshed, Speed, Daniel.
• r 1.199

  See Here Tom. 2. p. 891, 896.
• * 1.200

  Multoties ju∣ravit tueri Ec∣clesiae liberta∣tem & statum. Mat. Paris Auctuarium, p. 152.
• s 1.201

  Flotes Hist. p. 363.
• t 1.202

  Historiae Angl. p. 5.
• u 1.203

  Polychron. l. 7. c 38. Hen. de Knyghton deEvent. Angl. l. 3. c. 1. col. 2461. Speed, p. 648. Daniel p. 186. Caxton. part 7. Fabians Chronicle, part 7. f. 123. Ho∣linshed, and Grafton.
• * 1.204

  Pat. 2 E. 1. pars unica, m 9. Memorandum de Coronatio∣ne Regis.
• x 1.205

  Clause 18 E. 1. dors. 10. Cl. 32 E. 1. m. 36. dorso. Here, p. 417, 418, 1028. & 1188.
• y 1.206

  Tho. Wal∣singham Hist. Angl. An. 1309 p 69, 70. Ypo∣digm. Neustriae p. 99. Chronica W. Thorn. col. 2007. Cice∣strensis, l. 7. c. 32: Henr. de Knyghton de Event. Angl. l. 3. c. 13. col. 2532.
• z 1.207

  Registrum Omnium Bre∣vium, &c. part 2. f. 61, 67.
• a 1.208

  Walsingham Hist. Angl. p. 92. & Clause 14 E. 2. m. 17. Scheduia, & Claus. 15 E. 2. dors. 32.
• b 1.209

  Tho. Wal∣singham, Hist. Angl. p. 107, 108. Ypodigma 110. Henry de Knyhton de ••vent. Angl. 3. c. 16. col. 2550. Cicestrensis, l. 7. c. 44. Matth. Parker Antiqu. Eccles, Brit. p. 219. Caxton, Fabian, Poly∣dor Virgil, Grafton, Ho∣linshed, Speed, Daniel, in Ed. 2. & 3. Chron. Will. Thorn, col. 2039.
• * 1.210

  Cl. 1 E 3. pars 1. m. 24. dorso.
• b 1.211

  Most of them printed in John Speeds History of Great Bri∣tain, p. 728, 729, 730.
• c 1.212

  Claus. 1 R. 2 m. 44.
• * 1.213

  Note this new Additional Clause.
• a 1.214

  Hist. Angliae, p. 193, 194, 195. See My Signal Loyalty &c. Part 2. p. 294.
• b 1.215

  Rot. Parl. An. 1 H. 4. nu. 16. Totles Magna Carta p. 164. See my Signal Loyalty &c. p. 270. Cl. 1 R. 2. m. 44.
• c 1.216

  Rot. Parl. An. 51 E. 3. nu. 48.
• d 1.217

  Histor. Angl. p. 194, 195.
• * 1.218

  The Kings Answers.
• a 1.219

  In the Se∣cond Part of My Signal Loyalty. &c. p. 241, to 327.
• b 1.220

  In Melchior Goldastus Mo∣na••ch••ae Rom. Imperii, T••m. 3. Francofurti 1613. p. 269, to 2134.
• c 1.221

  Doctrinale Fidei, Tom. 1. l. 2. Artic. 3. c. 74, 75.
• d 1.222

  De Pontifice Romano, l. 1. c. 7. De Lai∣cis, c. 8 & 10. See my Epistle Dedicatory to Tome 1.
• * 1.223

  Mat. Paris H••st. Angl. p. 362. Here, Tom. 2. p. 496.
• * 1.224

  Marta, de Ju∣risdict. pars 4. Cent. 2. casus 132, 133. & all Canonists, De Clericis, & Immunitate Clericorum.
• e 1.225

  Tho. Wal∣singham Hist. Angl. p. 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105. Ypodigm. An. 1326, 1327 Antiqu. Eccles. Brit. p. 226, 227. Ralph Holinshed, p. 319, 339, 340. Godwins Cat. of Bishops, p. 232, 233. Speeds Hist. p. 667, 677, 679, to 686.
• f 1.226

  See Tome 2. p. 890, to 912 & Here, Epi∣stle Dedicato∣ry, & p. 235, 236.
• g 1.227

  Obedience of a Christian man, p. 155. & 137, 138.
• † 1.228

  Mat. 27. 23, 24, 25.
• * 1.229

  John 19. 17.
• † 1.230

  Psal. 2. 10, 12.
• * 1.231

  See Fox Acts & Monuments, Vol 2. p. 362, 363, &c.
• a 1.232

  See Here, p. 684, 685, &c. See Tom. 2. p. 6. 721. 1024, 1025. ••••••tian Causa 23. qu. 8 D••. Marta de Jurisdict. pa••s 4 Cent. 1. Cas. 1, 10, 11, 13. & the Canonists in their Titles, de Immunitate Ecclesiae.
• b 1.233

  Pat 1•• H 3. pars 1. dors. 12.
• c 1.234

  See Tom. 2. p. 396, 406, 407.
• * 1.235

  Ibidem▪
• d 1.236

  DeJurisdict. pars 4. Centur. 1. ••as. 10 & 11. nu. 21, to 50.
• e 1.237

  Dr Marta, Ib. pars 4 Cent 1. Cas. 10 nu. 11. p 413, 655, 656.
• f 1.238

  See Henrici Spelmanni Concil. Tom. 2
• * 1.239

  See Tom. 2. P. 460, 464, 465.
• g 1.240

  Tom. 2. p. 271 272, 276, 279, 287, 118, 866, 400, 464, 466, 467, 830, 831. 489 707, 699, to 711, 728, 760. 810, 818, 838, 191, 896. Fox Acts and Monuments, Vol. 1. p. 298.
• † 1.241

  Claus. 19 R 2. m. 17. dors. & Spelmanni Concil. Tom. 2 P. 413, 414, 655, 656.
• * 1.242

  Mag. Char∣ta, c. 29. 51 H. 3 c. 22. See Tom 2 p. 699, 704, 705, 708, 709, 710.
• * 1.243

  See Canter∣buries Doom, p. 19, 26, 40, 93, to 104.
• * 1.244

  Decemb. 16. 1640.
• h 1.245

  Speeds Histo∣ry of Great Britain, p. 1242. 1243. Sir Ed∣ward Cooke 7 Report, Cal∣vins case, f. 10, 11.
• i 1.246

  John de Ser∣res & Grim∣stoms General History of France, p. 866.
• k 1.247

  7 Report, f. 10, 10.
• l 1.248

  Melchior Goldastus Mo∣narchia Sacri Romani Im∣perii, Tom. 3. p. 208, to 214.
• m 1.249

  Hierom. Balbus de Coron. p. 68.
• n 1.250

  Cusanus, l. 3. c. 4. Jac. Almaia. de Potestate Eccless. & Laic. qu. 2. c. 10.
• † 1.251

  See My Un∣bishoping of Timothy and Titus, p. 136, to 141.
• * 1.252

  Sed & ubi tres, Ecclesia est, licet Laici. Tertul. exhor∣tatio ad Casti∣tatem, Tom. 2. c. 5. p. 179. Parisiis 1566. 0 Acts 2. 47, c. 8. 1. c. 11. 26. c. 14. 23, 27. c. 15. 3, 22, 41, c. 16. 5. c. 20. 17, 24. Rom. 16. 1, 4, 5, 16, 23. 1 Cor. 4. 17. c. 6. 32. c. 10. ••. c. 11, 16, 18. c. 14, 4, 5, 22, 23, 33, 34. c. 16. 1. 19. 1 Cor. 1, 2. 2 Cor. 1. 2. c. 8. 1, 18, 19, 23, 24. c. 11. 8, 28. c. 12. 13. Gal. 1. 2, 13, 22. Ephes. 3. 21. c. 5. 23, to 33. Phil. 1. 1. c. 4. 15. Col. 1. 18, 24. c. 4. 15. 1 Thes. 1. 1. c. 2. 14 2 Thess. 1. 1, 4. 1 Tim. 3. 5. c. 5. 16. Philem. 2. Hebr. 2. 12. c. 12. 13. Jam. 5. 14. 1 Pet. 2. 19. c. 5. 1, 2, 3. 2 John 6. 9, 10. Rev. 1. 4, 5, 11, 50, c. 2. 1, 7, 12, 17, 18, 19, 23. c. 3. 1, 7, 13, 14, 22. c. 22. 16. And the Harmony of Confessions.
• p 1.253

  See Tom. 2. p. 271, 272, 279, 287, 288, 311, 384, 651, 652.
• q 1.254

  See Tome 2. p. 830, 831.
• r 1.255

  Concil. Tri∣buriense sub A••nulpho. Sar us Concil. Tom. 3. p. 561. See here, Tom. 2. p. 707, 708.
• s 1.256

  Dr. Isaac Ba∣sire, his Sacri∣ledge arraign∣ed by St. Paul, London 1668. chap. 9. p. 168, to 174. & p. 220, 228,
• t 1.257

  Ibidem ch. 6. throughout. &c. 9, 10, and elsewhere.
• u 1.258

  Prov. 30. 8, 9. Mat. 6. 11 c. 10 10 Lu. 10. 7. Rom. 15. 27. 1 Cor. 9. 7, to 15. Gal. 6. 6. 1 Tim. 3. 2, 3▪ c. 5. 17, 18. c. 6. 6. to 13. Acts 20. 18, to 36. Phil. 4. 10, to 20. Heb. 13. 5. 17. 1 Pet. 5. 2. 3. 1 Thes. 5. 12, 13.
• x 1.259

  Mat. 10. 10. Lu. 10. 7. 1 Cor. 9. 13, 14. John 21. 15, 16, 17. 2 Tim. 4. 2, 5.
• y 1.260

  2 Thess. 3. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Ezech. 34. 2, 3, to 11.
• * 1.261

  1 Tim. 5. 17, 18.
• † 1.262

  See my Sup∣plemental Ap∣pendix to John Hus his Dispu∣tation, p. 49, to 78.
• z 1.263

  Rom. 2. 25, 26, &c.
• a 1.264

  1 Sam. 2. 22, to the end, c. 3. 11, to 19. c. 4. 10, to 19. c. 14. 3.
• b 1.265

  1 Kings 2. 26, 27, 35.
• c 1.266

  Noh. 7. 64, 65. c. 12. 28. Jer. 23. Ezech. 34. & Mal. 2. throughout. Ezech. 44. 7. to 25.
• d 1.267

  Acts 1. 16, to 26.
• e 1.268

  See Platina, B••laeus, and others de Vitis Pontificum, Eusebius, Evagrius, Theodoret, Sozomen, Nicephorus Cal∣listus Eccles. Historiae, Annales Baronii, Johannes Zonaras & Nicetas their Annales. Fox Acts and Monuments.
• f 1.269

  Pontif. Romanum, p. 457, 458.
• 1 1.270

  Jer. 12. 7. Psal. 78. 60. Lam. 2. 6, 7. Jer. 7. 12, 14. c. 16. 6, 9.
• 2 1.271

  Psal. 78 60.
• 3 1.272

  2 Kings 25. 9, to 18. 2 Chron. 36, 16, to 21. Jer. 5. 2. 13, to 18. 5, 26, c. 9, 12. Isay 63. 10. 64. 11, 22. Lu. 10. 44. c. 21. 5, 6▪ Mat. 24. 2, 3. Ps. 74. 1, to 10. Ps. 80. 1, 2. Dan. 11. 31. Lam. 1. 10. c. 2. 7, 20, c. 4. 1. Dan. 8. 11, 13. c. 9. ••6 Am••s 7. 9.
• 4 1.273

  Ps. 74. 8.
• g 1.274

  Iginus Papa, Gratian, de Consecratione, Distinct. 1. Barth. Brixiensis, Johannis de Thierry, & others in their Glosse thereon, Angelus deClavasio, Summa Angelica; Consecr. Ecclesiae, nu. 3. Augustinus Ba••bosa, De Officio & Potestate Episcopi, Pars 2. Allegatio 27. nu. 13, to 20. Paulus Piasec••us, in Praxi nova Episc D. c. 5. nu. 4. Gambarupta, De, Cafibus reservatis, c. 25. cas. 2. c. 2. Vgolinus Dist. 29. nu. 4. v. 1. Lud. Miranda, d. art. 4. Concl. 2. Marius Alterius de Consecra. Tom. 2. Dis. 3. c. 2.
• h 1.275

  Joan. Aloy∣sius Riccius in Praxi Aurea, Resol. 201, 208 fran. Zerula in Praxi Epise. 2. Verb. Paroch. Sect. 6. 9. Na∣varrus de spo∣liis Cler. Sect. 18. nu. 11. vers. 1. De E∣piscopis, nu. 15. August. Barbosa, de Offic. & Po∣testate Epis∣copi, pars 3. Allegat. 66. nu. 14, 15, 17, 19.
• i 1.276

  Levit. 26. 30. Numb. 33. 52. Deut. 7. 5, 6. c. 12. 2, 3. c. 13. Judges 2. 2. 2 Kings 18. 4, 22. c. 23. 5, to 17. 2 Chron. 14 3, 4, 5. c. 17 1, 5. c. 31. 1. c. 34 3, to 8. 1 Kings 13. 2. 2 Kings 10. 19. to 31. Ezech. 6. 3, 6. c. 18. 30.
• k 1.277

  See Here, 1. p. 46. 120.
• l 1.278

  Exod. 32. 1, to 25. Deut. 9. 21. Ps. 106. 19, 20, 21.
• m 1.279

  See Dr. Ray∣nolds de Idolo∣latria Romanae Ecclesiae, l. 2. c. 3. nu. 16, 17. &c. Calvin•• Institutes, l. 1. c. 11.
• o 1.280

  2 Kings 18. 4. Numb. 21. 8. See the Ho∣mily against the peril of Idolatry.
• * 1.281

  n 1 Kings 12. 26, to the end, c. 13. 1, 2. 2 Kings 1.
• p 1.282

  John 12. 32, 33.
• * 1.283

  Num 16. 37, 38, 39.
• q 1.284

  See Justinian Cod••cis l. 1. tft. 1. & 8. De Haereticis & Manichaeis, Gratian de Consec••atione Distinct. 1. Heree, Tom. 1. p. 48, 49. & My Sword of Chri∣stian Magistra∣cy supported.
• r 1.285

  Semel donata, data & relicta à sidelibus in suarum Ecclesi∣arum utilitatem & unum casum prima tàm jare antiqua, quàm nova Concil••i Tridentin•• Constitutum ap∣plicari non pos∣sint, sine Papae auctoritate. August. Ba••bo∣sa, de Officio & Potestate Episcopi, pars 3. Alleg. 64. nu. 17.
• s 1.286

  Hebr. 9. 15. 1 John 2. 1, 2.
• t 1.287

  Hebr. 12. 10. c. 7. 12.
• u 1.288

  Isay 56. 10, 11, 12.
• a 1.289

  Sacriledge arraigned, ch. 8 p. 156, 157.
• b 1.290

  2 E 3 29. 6 E. 3. 10. 24 E. 3. Juris Utrum 4. 25 E. 3. 54. 38 E. 3. 19. 22 H 4. 11. 9 E. 4. 6. Dyer 238. Cooks 1 Instit. f. 300 b. 341 a. b. 2 Instit. f. 457.
• c 1.291

  Fitz. & Bro••k contra formam Collationis, 7 R. 2. Cessa∣vit 18. Reg••st. 238 a. Old Nat. Brev. 241. b 32 E. 3. Ces∣savit 24. 9. 12 H. 4. 24 a. Fitz. Nat. Br. 209, to 212. Lit. sect. 136, 137. Coo. 2 Instit. p. 457; to 460. Here, p. 334.
• d 1.292

  Gualter Mapes de Nu∣gis Cu••ialium, MS. in Bibl. Bodleiana: Cambdens Bri∣tannia, p. 262, 263. Here Tom. 1. p. 310, 311.
• e 1.293

  Chartae An∣tiquae GG. & •• nu. 8. Cart. 1 Joan. Regis, n. 103. Cart. 12 H. 3. nu 11. Cart. 8 E 2. nu. 24. Pat. 3 H. 4. pars 1. n. 24. Pat. 22 H. 6. nu. 11. 04. Here, Tom. 1. p. 759, &c. Tom. 2. p. 228. Monasticon Angl. Vol. 2. p. 191, 192. 866.
• f 1.294

  Joannis Lydii ad Clemangem Analecta, p. 23, 24, 25. Gulielmus de Nurgia••o Chronol. Anno 1129.
• g 1.295

  De Corrupto Ecclesiae statu, cap. 23. Ivo Carnotensis, Epist. 70.
• h 1.296

  Cart. 1 Johan. Regis nu. 7, to 23. & 91, to 102. Chron. Gervasii, Anno 1453, 1454. Ma••. Paris, An. 1118. p. 64, 596. Surius Concil. Tom. 3. p. 707, 624. Antoninus Tit. 15. c. 20. Polychronicon, l. 7. c. 16.
• * 1.297

  Claus. 1 E. 2. dors. 12. Cedul. Cl. 7 E. 2. d. 16. Ced. & d. 12. Cl 17 E. 2. m. 4. 1. 7, & 17.
• i 1.298

  Chron. Johannis Bromton col. 1008. Chron. Gervasii col. 1454. Tho. Stubs Actus Pontif. Ebor. col. 1730. Henr. de Knyghton de Event. Angl. l. 3. c. 14. col. 2531. Surius Concil. Tom. 2. p. 459, to 463.
• k 1.299

  See Cooks 2 Instit. p. 334. & Here, p. 458.
• l 1.300

  Acts of Eng∣lish Votaries.
• m 1.301

  Page 1042, 1043. H••nry Stephen his Apology for Herodotus, cap. 21. f. 183.
• n 1.302

  My Supple∣mental Appen∣dix to John Hu•• his Dis∣putation, p. 92, to 112.
• x 1.303

  Anno 1666. Avec Privilege du Roy, lib. 12. p. 514. & lib. 20. p. 54, 55.
• * 1.304

  See Tom. 2. p. 299, to 302, 306, to 315. & Here, p. 157, to 160, 390, 391.
• y 1.305

  Tom. 1. p. 202, to 209. z Tom. 2. p. 301 302, 314. & Here, p. 390, 391.
• z 1.306

  Refuted by Dr. John Til∣lotson, in His Rule of Faith, p. 92, 93, 97, 98 107, 119, 123, to 132, 154, to 158, 227, 158, 159, 284, 294.
• * 1.307

  Printed at Paris 1668, newly brought over by the French Embas∣sador.