A new history of ecclesiastical writers containing an account of the authors of the several books of the Old and New Testament, of the lives and writings of the primitive fathers, an abridgement and catalogue of their works ... also a compendious history of the councils, with chronological tables of the whole / written in French by Lewis Ellies du Pin.

CHAP. V. (Book 5)

The History of the Greek Church, and of the Authors who Flourish'd in the East during the Thirteenth Century.

THE State of the Eastern Empire, and of the Greek Church in the Thirteenth Century, was Sub∣ject * 1.1 to various Revolutions. The Emperor isaac Angelus, after he had Reign'd Nine Years, was dethron'd in the Year 1195, by his own Brother Alexius, who took upon him the Sirname of Com∣nenus, and after he had put out his Brother's Eyes, cast him and his young Son into Prison. The Son having made his Escape from Constantinople, went into Germany to wait upon his Brother-in-Law the Emperor Philip, by whose Advice he made his Application to the Army of the Croisade, which was ready to march for the Conquest of the Holy-Land. He desir'd that before they march'd into Palestine, they would Re-establish him in Constantinople, and Expell the Usurper, withall promising afterwards to joyn Forces with them, and to help them to considerable Supplies. This Proposal be∣ing made to the Croisade, at their Rendezvous at Venice, by the Emperor's Ambassadors and the Deputies of Alexius, was accepted by the Venetians and French, whose Army march'd to, and besieg'd Constantinople in the Year 1203, and within Eight days took it. Alexius the Elder fled by the Bos∣phorus and the Euxine Sea to Zagora, an Isle of Thrace. Isaac was set at liberty, and Re-established on the Throne with his Son Alexius. This Prince promis'd to recognize the Pope, to put an end to the Schism, and to reconcile all his Subjects to the Church of Rome: But not being as yet altogether in a Capacity of performing what he had promised to the Princes of the Croisade, he prevail'd upon them to put off their Expedition into the Holy-Land till Easter following. During this time the Latin Army sat down before the Gates of Constantinople, and that natural Aversion which they bore to the Greeks, was the cause of frequent Quarrels and Contests between them; in one of which Ren∣counters, several Soldiers of the Army were so far incensed by those who liv'd in the Suburbs of the City, that they set it on Fire, and destroy'd Part of it. This Accident rendred not only the Latins, but also the two Emperors whom they had Re-establish'd, odious to the Greeks, and gave occasion to one of their Kinsmen nam'd Murzulphus, to Usurp the Government. It was by his Advice that Alexius had refus'd to grant to the Croisado what he had promis'd them. At last they broke out into an open War with them, wherein the Greeks not meeting with that Success which they hop'd for, the Constan∣tinopolitans, who suppos'd they were betray'd by their Princes, Proclaim'd Nicolas Cannaba Emperor. Murzulphus having seiz'd upon Alexius, caus'd himself to be acknowledg'd Emperor by the People, clap'd Cannaba into Chains, strangled Alexius in Prison, and put an end to the Life of Isaac. But he was soon after Chastis'd for his Treason by the Croisade, who immediately laid Seige to Con∣stantinople, and took it by Storm on the 12th of April 1204. Murzulphus made his escape the Night before, and Theodorus Lascaris was Elected in his room by the Greeks. The City was given up to be Plunder'd by the Soldiers, who committed all manner of Cruelties and Outrages. After the taking of this City the Latins Elected Baldwin Count of Flanders for Emperor, and Thomas Morosini a Vene∣tian for Patriarch: For they had agreed that if the Emperor were a Frenchman, the Patriarch should be a Venetian. They became Masters of all the Churches, and supply'd them with Latin Priests: And afterwards enlarging their Conquests in Greece, they reduc'd under their Obedience almost all that had belong'd to the Grecian Emperors in Europe, and divided it among them. Murzulphus and Old Alexius fell into the Hands of the Latins, the former was put to death, and the latter Imprison'd: So that, there only remain'd Theodorus Lascaris, who having escaped into Asia, set up the Imperial Seat at Nice.

The New Emperor Baldwin wrote a Letter to the Pope upon the taking of Constantinople, wherein he heaps up a great many Reproaches upon the Greeks, exaggerates their Perfidiousness, their Wicked∣ness, and their Hatred to the Church of Rome, and gives a Narrative of the Abuses which had crept in amongst them. Pope Innocent III. upon the Receit of this Letter wrote to the Emperor Baldwin, to the Bishops and Priests of the Latin Church, who were at Constantinople, to use their endeavours to reduce the Greeks under the Obedience of the Holy See. But notwithstanding all their endeavours, and tho' the Pope's Legates made use of very harsh and rigorous Methods to constrain them to it, yet they could not gain their end, and the Emperor, Henry Baldwin's Successor, was forc'd to put a stop to these Proceedings; to open the Greek Churches, and to set their Priests and Monks at liberty in spite of Pelagius the Pope's Legate who oppos'd it. The Bulgarians in the year 1204, return'd to their Obedience to the Pope. Theodorus Comnenus Prince of Epirus abjur'd the Schism under the Pon∣tificate of Honorius III. and afterwards having taken upon him the Title of Emperor of Constantino∣ple, and become Master of Thessalonica, he was Excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX. in the Year 1229.

The Emperor Baldwin did not long enjoy his new Dignity, for he was taken on the 15th of August 1205, by John King of the Bulgarians, who kept him in Prison for Sixteen Months, at the end of which he died a cruel Death. After his Death, his Brother Henry was advanced to the Empire in the Year 1206, who Reign'd Ten Years or thereabouts, and had for his Successor Peter of Courtnay Count of Auxerre, who had marry'd Jolanta the Sister or Daughter of Henry. But that unfortunate Prince never enter'd into the Possession of the Empire: For being on his way thither, after he had been

Crown'd at Rome by Honorius III. he was taken in his passage thro' Thrace, by Theodorus Prince of Epirus, and sent to the Emperor Theodorus Lascaris, who put him to death. His Son Robert Succeeded him in the Year 1221, who dying in the Year 1228, was Succeeded by his Brother Baldwin II. from whom the Greeks retook Constantinople in the Year 1261.

During this the Greeks had an Emperor at Nice in Bithynia: Theodorus Lascaris was the first, and in the Year 1222, John Ducas his Son-in-Law Succeeded him. This John retook from the Latins a Part of those Countries which they had Conquer'd, and after he had Reign'd Three and thirty Years, left his Son Theodore Lascaris Heir to his Estates, which he did not long enjoy, being taken away by death in the Fourth Year of his Reign, A. D. 1259. His Son John being in his Minority was soon turn'd out of the Empire by Michael Palaeologus the Son of Andronicus Palaeologus, and by the Mother's side descended from the Family of the Comneni, who put to death the Man whom Theodore had nomi∣nated for the Young Prince's Tutor, caus'd himself at first to be declared Regent, afterwards Associate of the Empire, and at last rid himself of his Collegue, after he had caus'd his Eyes to be put out. Michael had an happy Beginning of his Reign by the taking of Constantinople, which Alexius Strate∣gopulus Caesar had seiz'd upon by the Treachery of some Greeks, who were in the City in the Year 1261, and drove out thence the Latins.

Under the Empire of John Ducas Pope Gregory IX. entred into a Negotiation in the Year 1233, with Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople, Residing at Nice for the Re-union of the Two Churches. * 1.2 That Pope wrote a Letter to the Patriarch (related by Matthew Paris) about the Differences in Religi∣on which were between the Greeks and Latins; and made choice of Two Monks of the Order of the Preaching Friars, nam'd Hugh and Peter, and two of the Order of the Minor Friars, nam'd Aimo and Radulphus, to treat with the Patriarch. They met at Nice, where they had several Conferences with the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, and the Celebration of the Eucharist with un∣leaven'd Bread. But they came to no Conclusion, and the Patriarch of Constantinople told them, that he would call a Synod, where the Patriarchs of Jerusalem and Antioch would meet him, with whom he might resolve upon something in the Case. The Pope's Advocates retir'd to Constantinople, from whence they were call'd to Nymphea in Bithynia, near the Euxine Sea, where that Council of the Greeks was held on the morrow after Easter-day, in the Year 1233. They there repeated all that had been said on either side at Nice concerning the Two Points in Question; and after several Disputes, the Greeks gave in Writing a Declaration, wherein they maintain'd, That one might celebrate the Eucha∣rist with Unleaven'd Bread, and the Latins presented a Profession of Faith, concerning the Processi∣on of the Holy Ghost. The Latins refuted the Opinion of the Greeks about Unleaven'd Bread by the Au∣thorities of Scripture, and of the Greek Fathers: The Greeks oppos'd the Testimonies of others against them, and the Dispute lasted till late at Night. They had no Conference afterwards for several days to∣gether; and at last the Emperor John Ducas propos'd to the Latins, to leave out that Addition made in the Creed about the Procession of the Holy Ghost; and to permit the Greeks to adhere to their Opi∣nion; and that the Greeks should acknowledge and approve of the Sacrament of the Latins, celebrated with Unleaven'd Bread: But the Pope's Legates reply'd, that the Pope would not part with the least Iot•• of the Faith; and that the Greeks ought to believe, and Preach to others concerning the Body of Jesis Christ, that it may as well be done with Unleaven'd as with Leaven'd Bread. And concerning the Holy Ghost, that he proceedeth as well from the Son as from the Father; and that they should in∣culcate this Doctrine to the People: But that the Pope would not force them to add this Clause expres∣ly in their Creed, when they Sung it in the Church, nor condemn the Sacrament of the Greeks cele∣brated with Leaven'd Bread. The Greeks were very much nettled at this Proposition, and having call'd together the Pope's Legates a second time, order'd their Profession of Faith about the Procession of the Holy Ghost to be read before them, and offer'd several Passages of the Fathers to refute it. The Pope's Legates adher'd stiffly to their Sentiments, and both sides parted looking on each other as Here∣ticks. Afterwards the Pope's Legates obtain'd Leave to depart. The Greeks sent in all haste after them, to regain the Declaration which they had given them concerning Unleaven'd Bread; and gave them another concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, wherein they produc'd a great many Passages out of the Greek Fathers to prove that he proceeds only from the Father.

There was likewise another Treaty of Re-union set on foot, between Pope Alexander IV. and the Emperor Theodore Lascaris. This Pope sent him the Bishop of Orvieto as his Legate, and gave him an Instruction containing the Articles of Obedience to the Holy See, granted by the Greeks in the time of Innocent III. with the Demands of the Greeks, and the Answers which the Legate ought to return them. But this Negotiation had no success, and the Legate was sent back without having done any thing in the Business.

Michael Palaeologus forseeing that the Pope would not fail to arm the Princes of the West against him for the Retaking of Constantinople, resolv'd upon proposing the Re-union of the Greeks with * 1.3 the Roman Church, that by this means he might free himself from the fear of those terrible Croisade-Men. He thereupon sent as his Ambassador to Pope Urban IV. Nicholas Bishop of Crotona a Greek by Nation, but brought up in the Church of Rome; to assure his Holiness, that he was per∣swaded the Greeks and Latins did not differ in the Faith; that the Bishop who came to wait upon him, had given him to understand, That the Latin and Greek Fathers were of the same Mind; that he in∣treated his Holiness to send him a Legate for the more speedy Re-uniting of the Two Churches: Urban IV. reply'd to those Proposals in a very obliging manner, and sent him Two Nuncio's of the Or∣der of the Minor Friars, with the Bishop of Crotona. The Affair however drop'd for the present, be∣cause Michael Palaeologus seeing himself out of Danger, was not so urgent in pressing the Accommoda∣tion; but the Pope's Nuntio's having granted to the Greeks several Points which did not very well

please Clement IV. Urban's Successor: That Pope wrote to Michael Palaeologus, and sent him a Profes∣sion of Faith, containing the Articles of the Creed explain'd in very clear Terms, and particularly the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son; to which he added the Doctrine of the Roman Church touching Baptism, Purgatory, Hell, the Seven Sacraments, especially the Eucha∣rist Celebrated with Unleaven'd Bread; the Indissolubility of Marriage; the Permission of Third and Fourth Marriages; and Lastly, about the Pope's Primacy. He declares to him, that it was needless to call a Council to canvass these Positions; but that if the Greeks would receive them, a Council might be held to Ratify the Union of the Two Churches. This Profession of Faith was carry'd to the Em∣peror Michael by Two Monks of the Order of the Preaching Friars the Pope's Legates. That Empe∣ror having receiv'd Intelligence of the Preparation which Saint Lewis King of France, and Charles Duke of Anjou King of Sicily were making at that time for the East, and fearing the Storm would fall upon him, wrote to Saint Lewis a little after the Death of Clement, declaring, That he was willing to abjure the Schism; that he had sent for that purpose several Ambassadors to Rome, some of whom had been stop'd by the way, and the others had receiv'd no satisfactory Answer; that he made choice of him as Umpire of this Difference, and conjur'd him to do his utmost to put an end to it. Saint Lewis return'd that Emperor Word, That he could do nothing in this business, but only press the Holy See to put an end to it. Thereupon he referr'd the Emperor's Ambassadors to the Cardinals, to whom he wrote, desiring them to make up this Re-union as soon as possible. Upon those Instances the Cardinals wrote about it to the Bishop of Albany in Greece, and sent him the Profession of Faith drawn up by Clement IV. with orders to cause the Emperor and the Bishops to Subscribe it.

Gregory X. being advanc'd to the Papal Chair, the Emperor Michael immediately dispatch'd Am∣bassadors to him with a Letter, declaring the Desire he had of the Re-union; and the Pope for his part wrote him another Letter, wherein resuming all that had passed from the beginning of the Treaty under Urban IV. and Clement IV. he declares to that Emperor, That the shortest and best way to put an End to the differences of the two Churches, was to cause the Patriarch, the Bishops and the Greek Clergy to subscribe to the Profession of Faith drawn up by Clement IV. and afterwards invites him to come in Person, or to send his Ambassadors to a General Council, which he intended to hold. He sent him four Legates of the Order of the Minor Friars to treat with him. Palaeologus upon the Receipt of this Letter from the Pope, us'd his utmost Endeavours to bring about the Union, and to that End had recourse to Artifice, Perswasion and Force. The Greeks at first made a very vigorous Opposition, and the Patriarch Jeseph could by no means be brought over. John Ueccus Treasurer of the Church of Constantinople, a Man of Parts and Learning, was one of the warmest in opposing it at first; but af∣terwards having read over the Writings of Nicephorus Blemmidas, and Consulted the Passages of the Greek Fathers concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, he inclin'd to Peace. However the Pa∣triarch continuing to oppose it, the Emperor sent Ambassadors to Pope Gregory, to acquaint him, he had done his utmost to promote the Re-union; but that this Business could not be adjusted in so short a time, because it was requisite to Convene several Bishops who were at some distance off. The Pope in his Reply to the Emperor, takes notice to him, that it was the Opinion of a great many Persons, That the Greeks did not act sincerely in their Endeavours after the Re-union, and that their Design was only to draw this Affair out in length.

The Emperor to remove this Suspicion and to put an End to the Business, oblig'd the Patriarch Joseph to retire into a Monastery of Constantinople, till such time as the Re-union were concluded, or fell to nothing; on condition, That if the business did not succeed, then he should hold his See; but if it did, and he would not approve of the Treaty of Union, then another Patriarch should be Elected in his stead. Most of the other Greek Bishops follow'd the Emperor's Sentiments, so that he made no longer scruple to send his Ambassadors with a Letter, wherein he declar'd That the Greek Church ap∣prov'd of the Profession of Faith sent from Rome, and recogniz'd the Primacy of the Church of Rome, and only desir'd, that they might be permitted to repeat the Creed without the Addition. The Greek Bishops sent likewise a Deputy with a Letter from the Metropolitan of Ephesus, and Thirty Greek Bishops who approv'd of the Union, and disapprov'd of the Opposition made by the Patriarch Joseph. These Letters were delivered to the Pope and the General Council held at Lions in the Year 1274. George Acropolita Swore for the Emperor, That he held the Profession of Faith, recogniz'd the Pri∣macy of the Church of Rome, and abjur'd the Schism. The Deputy of the Greek Bishops did the same in their behalf, and the Union being thus concluded, the Pope sung Te Deum, and caus'd the Profession of Faith to be recited in Greek and Latin repeating the Article of the Procession of the Ho∣ly Ghost twice. The Pope testified his joy by his Letters written to Michael Palaeologus, to his Son Andronicus, and to the Greek Bishops, congratulated their Re-union, and recommended to them the finishing of all, by bringing those over who had not as yet submitted. Upon the Return of the Am∣bassadors the Patriarch Joseph was Depos'd, and John Ueccus was Elected in his Place, who recited the Name of Gregory in the Mass styling him the Oecumenical or Universal Pope. This New Patriarch labour'd earnestly to compleat the Re-union, and the Emperor sent Ambassadors to the Pope to ac∣quaint him that all was over. However a great many Greeks were still dissatisfy'd at the Re-union. John XXI. desiring fully to compleat it, sent Legates to the Emperor Michael, who receiv'd them ho∣nourably, and promis'd to perform all that his Ambassadors had agreed to in the Council of Lions. That Emperor went still farther, and sent Ambassadors to Rome to assure the Pope, That having call'd a Synod of Greek Bishops, they had approv'd de Novo of all that was done in the Council of Lions. Those Ambassadors were intrusted with Letters from the Emperor Michael, from his Son Andronicus, and with a Letter from Ueccus and the Council of the Greeks, which contain'd a Profession of Faith, a little differing from that of Clement IV; particularly on the Article of the Procession of the Holy Ghost,

tho' the same in substance. Those Letters written in the Year 1277. were not deliver'd to John; but to his Successor Nicholas III. who complain'd of the Alteration which the Greek Bishops had made in the Profession of Faith, and was for requiring them to Sign the Profession of Clement IV. and to add to their Creed the Clause Filioque. He wrote upon this Subject to the Emperor, to his Son Andronicus, and to the Greek Bishops; and sent his Legates with Instructions, that they should engage the Empe∣ror to cause the Patriarch and all the Greek Bishops to Subscribe to the Profession of Faith, the Re∣cognition of the Pope's Primacy, the Abjuration of the Schism, and the Promise of Submission to the Holy See: That they should prevail upon him to Order the Clause Filioque, to be Sung in all the Greek Churches: That as for the particular Rites and Ceremonies of the Greek Church, such might be Tolerated as were not contrary to the Sound Faith. Their Instruction likewise contain'd a draught of the Deed of Submission which the Bishops and Clergy of each Church were to Sign. The Legates were likewise Enjoin'd to go to as many Churches as they could, to get it Subscrib'd, and to let the Greeks know, That the Romans wonder'd that neither the Patriarch nor the Greek Bishops had as yet de∣manded of the Holy See, the Confirmation of their Dignities, and the Absolution from their Censures. The Greek Bishops made no Answer to these Proposals of Pope Nicholas, neither were they Executed, and the Emperors Michael and Andronicus only Subscrib'd over again a Declaration much like to that which George Acropolita had Sign'd in the Council of Lions. Their Letters were not deliver'd to Pope Nicholas, but to his Successor Martin IV. who being in Alliance with Charles King of Naples and Sicily, in the Year 1281. Excomunicated the Emperor Palaeologus as a Schismatick, and a favourer of the Schism of the Greeks. Michael was so incens'd at it, that once he forbad the Pope's Name to be recited in the Mass, and he was just ready to break the Union. However he did not do it, tho' Martin renew'd his Censures; and it lasted till the Death of Michael; tho' several Greek Monks gave it some disturbance, by those many Writings which they Publish'd against the Patriarch Veccus, who Refuted them very vigorously.

But after the Death of Michael Palaelologus, which happen'd in December 1283. his Son Andronicus * 1.4 declar'd himself against the Union, and would not so much as pay those Honours to his Father's Fu∣neral, as were usually paid to Emperors. Veccus retir'd into a Monastery, and Joseph was re-settl'd in the Patriarchal See of Constantinople, but he was disturb'd by the Partisans of Arsenius, and at last George of Cyprus Sirnam'd Gregory was made Patriarch after the Death of Joseph. He caus'd Veccus to be Banish'd to Mount Olympus, from whence he was recall'd to appear at a Council which Andronicus held against him in the Year 1284. in the Palace of Blacherna at Constantinople. In the Council he was condemned, and all the Arch-Bishops and Bishops, who had been most for the Union, were Depos'd. Afterwards Veccus who bravely defended his Cause in the Council, was by the Emperor's Order sent Prisoner to the Castle of Saint George in Bithynia, with two of his Clergy Nam'd Constantine Meleteniota and George Metochites. Veccus dy'd there sometime after, and his two Companions being discharg'd out of Prison without changing their Minds, and persisting still in the defence of their Opinion, were at last sent into Exile, where they dy'd.

'Tis something difficult to set down the Succession of the Patriarchs of Constantinople during this * 1.5 Century, by reason of the various Opinions of Historians in the Case: But let us see what can be said the most probable, and the most conformable to the History of that Time. When Constantinople was taken by the Latins, John Camatera who was Patriarch of that City, retir'd to Didymoteca, or Dimatuca, a City of Thrace, where he dy'd two Years after, without going to Nice, tho' earnestly invited thither by Theodore Lascaris. About two Years after his Death, this Prince willing to preserve all the Ensigns of the Empire, thought fit to make a Patriarch of Constantinople, who should reside at Nice. The first who was Elected, was one Nam'd Michael Saurianus or Autorianus, who enjoy'd that Post for Six Years. Theodore Irenicus Hyppatus or Coppas Succeeded him in the Year 1215, and was almost as long on the See. In his stead they Elected in the Year 1221. Maximus Abbot of the A••met Monks, who enjoy'd the Place only Six Months, and dy'd. Manuel Charitopula Succeeded him, and dy'd a little before the Emperor John Ducas, in the Year 1226. After his Death, several propos'd Nicephorus Blemmidas Monk of Mount Athos, to be Advanc'd to the Dignity: But upon his Refusal Germanus Sirnam'd Nauplius was advanc'd to that Post, and enjoy'd it Seventeen Years and an half. After his Death, Methodius Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Hyacinthus, had the honour of being Patriarch of Constantinople the space of Three Months. Manuel Succeeded him, and was in∣vested with this Dignity Fourteen Years. At last Arsenius Autorianus was made Patriarch, under the Emperor Theodore Lascaris, in the Year 1257. This Man has himself given us an Account of his Life, in his last Will and Testament, where he says, That during the Empire of that Religious Prince, he had no Contest about Religious Matters, but employ'd himself wholly in relieving the Widdows, the Fatherless, and the Oppressed. That after the Death of that Prince, the Bishops, Senate, the Of∣ficers of the Army and the People met together in his absence, to Constitute Michael Palaeologus Regent, and that upon his coming to Court, he found him at the Helm: That in a short time after, he made himself Collegue in the Empire; that they had forc'd him to Crown Palaeologus, but upon Condition that the Young Emperor John should have the Preheminence: That afterwards perceiving that this Agreement was not put in Execution, and that Michael did many things irregularly, he retir'd; and that Michael set up in his stead, Nicephorus a Bishop of Ephesus, who dying within a Year after, Michael recall'd him: That the City of Constantinople being re-taken, that Prince had us'd all his Endeavours, to bring him over to own, that the Arch-bishop of Ephesus had been lawful Patriarch, and to make him admit of those whom he had Promoted to Holy Orders; but that he would not consent to either: That notwithstanding this Palaeologus Re-establish'd him in his Patriarchial See, but withal continu'd to Persecute him: That after this, the Young Emperor's Eyes were put out; that having understood

that Michael had committed that Crime, he had Excommunicated him for it: That he hop'd, he * 1.6 would have been sensible and repented of his Fault, and merit Absolution, by remitting a Part of the Taxes: But that Prince having not chang'd his Mind, he had Three Years after, absolutely Excom∣municated him, in a Council compos'd of the Bishops, Clergy and Senate: That ever since that Prince had persecuted him, and drove him out of his Church, under a pretence that he had Admi∣nistred the Communion to the Sultan's Children, tho' it was evident, that it was the Metropolitan of Pisidia, who had Administr'd to them Baptism and the Eucharist: That afterwards he had sent him into Exile, after he had caus'd him to be Excommunicated in a Synod; and had often us'd him un∣kindly in the place of his Exile. Arsenius being turn'd out, Joseph was put up in his Place, in the Year 1266. but several would not acknowledge him, and adher'd to the Interests of Arsenius, which caus'd a division betwixt the Greeks of Constantinople, that lasted till the Death of Joseph. After Joseph was Depos'd in the Year 1274. John Veccus was set up, so that there were at that time Three Patriarchs of Constantinople, Arsenius, Joseph and Veccus. Arsenius dy'd first in Exile: Veccus was in Possession of the Patriarchship during the Reign of Palaeologus; but after his Death, he was immediate∣ly Depos'd, and Joseph Re-establish'd; who dying a while after, the Patriarchship was bestow'd in the Year 1284. on George of Cyprus Sirnam'd Gregory, who wrote very warmly against Veccus and the Latins. He had nevertheless many Adversaries, so that perceiving himself despis'd, and growing in∣firm and sick, he retir'd into a Monastery, where he dy'd, after he had been Patriarch Five Years.

The Greek Church in this Century, produc'd a great many Famous Men, who Wrote about the Contests between the Greeks and Latins, and have given us an History of the great Revolutions of the Eastern Empire. An Account of the most Considerable of these Authors, we here give you.

NICHOLAS d'OTRANTES flourish'd at Constantinople, the beginning of this Century. He made use of an Interpreter in the Conferences which Cardinal Benedict (sent in the Year 1201. to Constantino∣ple * 1.7 by Pope Innocent III.) had with the Eastern Bishops about the Differences in Religion. He compos'd divers Treatises against the Latins, among the rest, a Treatise concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, against Hugh Etherianus: A Treatise to prove, That Jesus Christ made use of leaven'd Bread in the Last Supper; and a Treatise concerning Saturday's Fast, concerning the Marriage of Priests, and the other Controverted Points between the Latin and the Greek Church. Those Tracts are cited by Allatius, who produces some Fragments of them in his Works.

About the same time flourish'd NICETAS, who from being Librarian of the Church of Constantino∣ple, * 1.8 was advanc'd to the Arch-Bishoprick of Thessalonica. He has compos'd a Treatise concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, against Hugh Etherianus, divided into Six Dialogues. Leo Allatius has quoted some Fragments of it. We have likewise in the Jus Greco-Romanum, an Answer of this Au∣thor to the Queries of Basil the Monk.

NICETAS ACOMINATUS Sirnam'd CHONIATES, from the Place of his Nativity, after he * 1.9 had spent his Youth with his Brother Michael Arch-bishop of Athens, was made Secretary of State to the Emperors Alexius, and Isaac Angelus; and afterwards Advanc'd to the Chief Posts in the Government: Viz. to be Lord Treasurer, Secretary of State, and Lord High Chamberlain to the Emperor. When Constantinople was taken by the Latins in the Year 1204. he retir'd with his Wife and Children to Nice in Bithynia, where he dy'd in the Year 1206. He has compos'd One and twenty Books of History, which begin at the Death of Alexius Comnenus, which Zonaras has continued, to the Year 1203. Vossius and Lipsius commend his Style, his Genius and his manner of Writing, and observe, that he has affected to imitate the Style of Homer and the Ancient Poets. The same Author, has compos'd a Tract Intitul'd, A Treasure of the Othodox Faith, divided into Twenty seven Books, the Five first of which, are Translated into Latin by Morellus, and to be met with in the Bibliotheca Patrum; and a Fragment of the Twen∣tieth Book, has been likewise Publish'd, concerning the Order which ought to be observ'd, in admit∣ting the Saracens when they turn Christians.

The History of Nicetas was Printed in Greek with the Latin Version of Wolfius, at Basil in the Year 1557. at Paris, in the Year 1566. at Francfort, in the Year 1568. at Geneva, in the Year 1593. and at Paris in the Body of the Byzantine History, in the Year 1647. The Five Books of the Treasure of Othodox Faith, were Printed at Paris, in the Year 1580. and at Geneva, in the Year 1592. The Fragment of the Twentieth Book, is to be met with in Greek and Latin, in the Second Volume of the Additions to the Bibliotheca Patrum, Printed in the Year 1624.

MICHAEL ACOMINATUS CHONIATES, Arch-bishop of Athens, surviv'd his Brother for * 1.10 some time, whose Panegyrick he made, Printed with the Works of Necetas. He has likewise Compos'd several other Tracts, and among the rest, One upon the Cross, which is to be met with in Manu∣script in the French King's Library.

About the same time, one JOEL made a Chronological Abridgment from the beginning of the World, to the taking of Constantinople by the Latins, which was Translated by Leo Alla∣tius, * 1.11 and Printed in Greek and Latin at Paris, in the Byzantine History, in the Year 1651. with the History of GEORGE ACROPOLITA LOGOTHETES. This George was promoted * 1.12 in the Court of the Emperor John Ducas at Nice, and apply'd himself to the study of the Sciences. He was afterwards made Lord High Treasurer, and Employ'd in the most important Affairs of the Empire. Theodore Lascaris made him Regent of all the Western Provinces of his Em∣pire. He was taken Prisoner by Michael Angelus, but set at Liberty, by the Emperor Palaeolo∣gus, who sent him on an Ambassy to Bulgaria. Upon his Return from this Ambassy, he ap∣ply'd himself wholly to the Instruction of Youth, and behav'd himself well in that Employment, for several Years. He was one of the Judges Nominated in the Year 1272. to Determine

the Affair of John Veccus Patriarch of Constantinople. The next Year he was sent into the West, by the Emperor, to conclude the Peace and the Re-union of the two Churches with Pope Gregory X. and Swore to it in the Year 1274. at the Council of Lions. In the Year 1282. he was sent again to the King of Bulgaria, and dy'd upon his Return. He continu'd the Greek History, from the taking of Constantinople by the Latins, till it was re-taken by Michael Palaeologus, in the Year 1261. This Work being found at Pera, was bought of Catachuzenus, brought from Constantinople by George Douza, and Publish'd with a Translation by his Brother Theodore, who caus'd it to be Printed with Notes, at Leyden, in the Year 1614. The next Year the Text was Printed at Geneva. Afterwards Leo Allatius Publish'd this History in a larger Volume, and thus it was Printed at Paris, in the Year 1651. The Modern Greeks have bestow'd great Encomiums on this Author, and look'd upon him as a Prodigy of Learning and Eloquence. However, were we to judge of him by his History, we should not say such fine things of him. He likewise Compos'd several other Tracts, among the rest, Thirteen Pray∣ers, and a Discourse upon the taking of Constantinople by the Greeks, of which he makes mention, in his History; a Commentary on the Sermons of Saint Gregory Nazianzen, and a Treatise of Faith, of Virtue and of the Soul; which are to be met with in Manuscript, in several Libraries.

Whilst Constantinople was in the Hands of the Latins, PANTALEON Deacon of that Church, * 1.13 Compos'd a Treatise against the Greeks, about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, the State of departed Souls, Unleavened Bread, and the Submission due to the Church of Rome. This Trea∣tise is to be met with in Latin, in Stewart's Addition to the Antiquities of Canisius, and in the last Biblotheca Patrum. 'Tis probable, that he was the Author of the Sermons attributed to Panta∣leon; who is referr'd to the Seventh Century, tho' this latter, goes under the Quality of Priest of the Church of Constantinople: For it might be that he was Priest of that Church, after he had been Deacon.

MANUEL CHARITOPULA Patriarch of Constantinople. We meet with in the Jus Graeco-Roma∣num * 1.14 of Lewenclavius several Ecclesiastical Institutions, under the Name of Manuel, which some have attributed to the Emperor Manuel Comnenus, but which are the Answers of Manuel Patriarch of Con∣stantinople, to the Questions of the Bishop of Pella. But whereas there were Two Manuels honour'd with that Dignity, during this Century, viz. Manuel Charitopula, who in the Year 1221 Succeeded Maximus Abbot of the A••mets; and liv'd to the Year 1226. another Manuel, who Succeeded Metho∣dius, in the Year 1244. and was Patriarch Fourteen Years together; 'Tis very difficult to know, to which of the two these Works belong; however, they are commonly ascrib'd to the former.

The First Question is, Whether Women forsaken by their Husbands, of whom they have heard no News of for Five Years together, may afterward Marry? The Answer is, that the Husbands who leave their Wives ought to be Excommunicated, and that the Wives of those of whom they have had no News, may Marry again after Five Years time: But those who know where their Husbands are, ought to go and wait upon them.

The Second Question is, What Pennance ought to be inflicted on such Priests, by whose Negli∣gence it happens, that the Consecrated Bread be eaten by Rats: And what ought to be done when the Priest being at the Altar, a Mouse by chance happens to eat the Consecrated Host? The Answer is, The Priests by whose negligence this happens, ought to be Suspended for some time: And as to the latter Case, if it does not happen through the Fault of the Minister, he is not to be blam'd for it; but another Oblation ought to be set upon the Altar, and the Sacrifice to be concluded with Con∣secrating it.

The Third Question is, What Punishment the Priests deserve, who contemn the Excommunicati∣on of their Bishops, and still continue to celebrate and perform their Functions tho' interdicted? The Answer is, That they ought to be depos'd.

The Fourth Question is, Whether Laicks who are above Forty, have been Marry'd twice, and have Children, may Marry again? The Answer is, That they are not to be allow'd it.

The Fifth Question is, Whether one may Celebrate the Holy Eucharist without an Anti-table? (that is, as it is explain'd in that place, a piece of a Table-Cloth or Napkin Bless'd by the Bishop in the Ceremony of the Dedication of the Church.) The Answer is, That 'tis not requisite to make use of them on all Altars, but only on Altars of whose Consecration we are not very well satisfied.

The Sixth Question is, What Punishment those Priests deserve who Celebrate Marriages during Lent; and what one ought to think of such Marriages? The Answer is, That if those Priests did it out of Ignorance or Simplicity, they ought to bear less Punishment, than if they did it willfully; but that such Marriages were valid.

GERMANUS II. Sirnam'd NAUPLIUS Patriarch of Constantinople, was advanc'd to that Dignity * 1.15 by the Greeks, in the Year 1226; when Constantinople was in the Possession of the Latins, and dy'd in the Year 1243. So that he was only Titular Patriarch of Constantinople, having his constant Residence at Nice. We have already observ'd, That most of the Works attributed to Germanus I. Patriarch of Constantinople, belong to this Man, and among others the Mystical Theory, which is not in the same Condition wherein it was first compos'd; there being many Additions and Alterations since made. We ought likewise to attribute rather to this Author than to the former, the Discourse upon the Dedicati∣on of the Church of the Virgin Mary, and upon the Nursing of our Saviour, Publish'd by Father Combefis in his Book de Originibus Constantinopolitanis: A Panegyrick of the Virgin, and a Sermon on the Nativity, Published by the same Author in the same Piece: But as for the Third, which is upon the Death of the Virgin, Allatius observes, that the Ancient Manuscripts, as well as the Style, and the manner wherein it is wrote, make it appear, that it belongs to George of Nicodemia. We must like∣wise ascribe to Cermanus II. the Sermons on the Beheading of Saint John, on the Presentation, Annun∣ciation,

and Death of the Virgin Mary, Publish'd by the same Father in his Addition to the Bibliotheca Patrum: But we must except the Discourse upon our Saviour's Burial, which belongs to a more An∣cient Author. 'Tis likewise probable that the Two Discourses on the Cross, and the Two Sermons on Fasting, Publish'd by Gretser under the Name of Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople are his; since it appears, that the Person who compos'd them, wrote at that time when the Greek Emperors were at War with the Latins. Lastly there is no Question to be made, but that the Two Letters directed to the Greeks of the Isle of Cyprus, Publish'd by Cotelerius, in the Second Tome of his Monumenta Eccle∣siae Graecae, belong to Germanus II. since he warmly exhorts the Greeks of his Communion, not to communicate with those who observ'd the Rites and Usages of the Latins, or who were united to them, and opposes the Addition of the Phrase Filioque made to the Creed, and the other Customs of the Latins. He Likewise wrote against the Latins a Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost, a Synodal Epistle in answer to the Minor Friars and the other Latin Missionaries; several Opuscula up∣on Unleaven'd Bread, upon Purgatory, and upon the Three ways of Administring the Sacrament of Baptism, which are found in Manuscript, and made mention of by Allatius. This Patriarch is like∣wise Author of Three Constitutions concerning the Patriarchal Monasteries, which are to be met with in the Third Tome of the Jus Graeco-Romanum of Lewenclavius.

NICEPHORUS BLEMMIDAS, Priest and Monk of Mount Athos, where he led a very Holy Life, * 1.16 was very favourable to the Latins, and more inclinable to the Peace than any other Greek of this Centu∣ry. 'Tis in this Temper of Mind, that he compos'd Two Treatises of the Procession of the Holy Ghost: The one is directed to James Patriarch of Bulgaria, and the other to the Emperor Theodore Lascaris. He therein very strongly confronts the Opinion of several Greeks who maintain'd, that we could not say, that the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Father and the Son; and proves, that this Expression was very Orthodox, and Conformable to the Doctrine of the Holy Scriptures, and of the Holy Fathers of the Greek Church. These Two Tracts are Printed in Greek and Latin, at the end of the First Tome of Raynaldus, and in the Graecia Orthodoxa of Allatius, who has likewise given us in the Second Book of his Tract, concerning the Concord of the Greek and Latin Churches, a Letter which Nicephorus wrote, after he had with disgrace turn'd out of the Church belonging to his Monastery, Marchesina the Mistress of the Emperor John Ducas, as unworthy to enter that Holy Place. There is likewise Printed in Greek, at Augsburgh in the Year 1605, under the Name of this Author; an Abridgment of Logick and Natu∣ral Philosophy. There are also several other Theological Pieces of the same Author in the Vatican Library, and in the Library of Bavaria, such as the Panegyrick of Saint John the Evangelist, a Dis∣course concerning the Soul; another concerning the Body; several Commentaries on the Psalms, and Opuscula on Faith, Vertue, and Religion. His Treatise on the Procession of the Holy Ghost, shews him to be a Man of a just Reason, well vers'd in the Scriptures and the Fathers, and full of good Principles of Divinity.

ARSENIUS AUTORIANUS, Patriarch of Constantinople, Monk of Mount Athos, was Ad∣vanc'd in the Year 1257. as we have already observ'd, to be of Patriarch of Constantinople; and * 1.17 he had not only the Title of it, as his Predecessors had; but likewise the happiness of re-entering that Church, after the Greeks had re-taken Constantinople from the Latins. Having faln into disgrace with Michael Palaeologus, he was turn'd out and depos'd in the Year 1268. and sent into Exile, where he liv'd several Years. He has Compos'd an Abridgment of the Canons, extracted from the Fathers and Councils, and divided into One Hundred forty one Heads, which is to be met with in the second Tome of the Bibliotheca Juris Canonici by Justel. Cotelerius has since Publish'd in the second Tome of his Monumenta Ecclesiae Graecae, the Last Will and Testament of this Patriarch, where∣in he gives an Account of the Contests he had with the Emperor Michael Paloeologus, and renews the Excomunication which he had Issu'd out against him.

THEODORE LASCARIS Junior, Sirnam'd DUCAS the Greek Emperor, (Grandson to that Theodore Lascaris who took upon him the Quality of Emperor at Nice, after the taking of Constanti∣nople * 1.18 by the Latins, and Son of John Ducas, who was likewise Emperor of the Greeks at Nice, by Virtue of his Wife Irene, Daughter to Theodore the Elder,) Succeeded his Father about the Year 1255. But not being able to undergo the Fatigue of the Empire, he retir'd soon after into a Monastery, where he dy'd, in the Year 1259. in the 36th. Year of his Age. This Prince who minded his Studies more than the Affairs of the State, Compos'd several Pieces of Theology, among others, a Treatise concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, against the Latins, Directed to the Bishop of Corona; the Preface of which, Dr. Cave makes mention of, as taken out of a Manuscript of this Treatise, which is in Eng∣land. Allatius makes mention of several Theological discourses, belonging to this Prince, upon the Trinity and the Incarnation. Freherus speaks of a Book which he made, concerning Natural Com∣munication, and these are to be met with in the French King's Library, several Manuscript-Tracts of this Author's, such as a Treatise of the Trinity, a Discourse of Vertue, a Treatise of Fasting, &c. The Medals of this Emperor represent him to us holding a Cross in his Right Hand, and a Book in his Left, an Emblem of his Learning and Piety.

GEORGE PACHYMERES flourish'd about the Year 1280. He was Born at Nice, in the Year * 1.19 1242. where he had his Education. He afterwards entred into Orders, had the greatest share with the Patriarch of Constantinople in all Affairs, both Ecclesiastical and Civil, and gain'd so great a Repute, that he was Chosen in the Year 1267. to Try Arsenius Patriarch of Constantinople, who was Accus'd of High Treason. In the Year 1273. he Compos'd a Book concerning the Union of the Greek and Latin Churches. He liv'd several Years in the ensuing Century, when he dy'd is uncertain. His History is divided into Thirteen Books, which contain what occur'd under the Emperors Michael and Androni∣cus Palaeologus, from the Year 1258, to the Year 1308. There have been Publish'd several Extracts

of it by Wolfius, at the End of the History of Nicephorus Gregoras, Printed at Basil, in the Year 1562. Petavius Publish'd a part of the rest, with the Abridgment of the Patriarch Nicephorus, in the Year 1616. But at last Father Poussin has Publish'd this History compleat, in Greek and Latin, in two Vo∣lumes in Folio, Printed at Rome in 1666, and 1669. Pachymeres is likewise the Author of a Commen∣tary on the Works of Saint Dionysius, Printed several times with the Works of the Author; and of a little Piece, concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost, Publish'd by Allatius, in the first Tome of his Graecia Orthodoxa. He likewise Compos'd an Abridgment of Aristotle's Logick, Printed in Greek at Paris, in the Year 1548. in Latin at Basil 1560. and in Greek and Latin, at Oxford, in the Year 1666. with several Pieces of Rhetorick which are in Manuscript in the French King's Library, of which, Allatius has given us a Catalogue. The same Allatius observes, that the Style of this Author is uncor∣rect, and his way of Writing is too much like the Writings of the Ancient Tragick Poets, which is too bombastical for History; that his Syntax is obscure and perplex'd; but yet that he is smooth and Wise enough for an Age wherein the greatest Extravagancies pass'd for Wisdom. Allatius in his Graecia Orthodoxa, has likewise given us a little Treatise of Pachymeres, against those who maintain'd, that it was said, That the Holy Ghost had his Essence from the Son, because he is of the same Nature with the Son.

JOHN VECCUS Patriarch of Constantinople, Study'd these Points the most of any Greek of his time, * 1.20 and was one of a very piercing Genius, and Wrote well. This made Nicephorus Gregoras say, That there might be some Greeks, who had a greater insight into Profane Learning, than John. Yet they were all Children, when compar'd to him, with respect to the subtilty of Genius, to Eloquence, and penetration of Thought in Ecclesiastical Points. He was at first very much wedded to the Opinions of the Greeks, and (as we have already hinted) very strongly oppos'd the Design of the Union, set on foot by Michael Palaeologus. But the Emperor having shut him up in a frightful Prison, where he order'd the Works of Nicephorus Blemmidas to be put into his Hands, he chang'd his Opinion; and Collected a great many Passages of the Greek Fathers, which favour'd the Doctrines of the Roman Church, about the Procession of the Holy Ghost; of which he made an advantageous Use, in defending the Union, which he maintain'd by several Tracts. Allatius has Publish'd several of them, of which this is the Catalogue; Two Books concerning the Union of the Churches of Old and New Rome, wherein he Proves the Opinion of the Latins about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, by the Testimonies of the Greek Fathers, and Refutes the Arguments which Photius, John Furnes, Nicholas of Metona, and Theophylact make use of to Oppose it. A Tract containing Twelve Chapters, about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, wherein he handles the several Questions, and explains a great many Passages of the Greek Fathers on that Subject. A Letter to Alexius Agallianus Deacon of the Church of Constan∣tinople, upon the Procession of the Holy Ghost. A Synodal Decree, wherein it is Ordered, that the Preposition Ex should be Writ over again in a Manuscript of a Tract of Saint Gregory Nyssene, which had been Eras'd by the Chancery-Clerk of the Church of Constantinople, a profess'd Enemy to the La∣tins. His Last Will and Testament, wherein he persists in his Doctrine of the Procession of the Ho∣ly Ghost. A Treatise of the Agreement of his, with the Doctrines of the Fathers. A Discourse up∣on the Injustice which had been done him, by turning him out of his Patriarchial See. An Apology of that Discourse against the Injustice which he had suffer'd, wherein he Derects the false Glosses of a certain Scribe. Another Apology, wherein he Proves, That the Re-union did not destroy the Customs of the Greeks. Three Books to Theodore Bishop of Saddai about the Procession of the Holy Ghost. Four Books upon the same Subject, directed to Constantine. Two Discourses against the Writings of George of Cyprus, and against his new Errors. The Refutation of the Remarks of Andronicus Camatera, on those passages of Scripture relating to the Procession of the Holy Ghost. Thirteen Heads, or Re∣marks on the Words and Thoughts of the Fathers. These Works are to be met with in the first and second Tome of Allatius's Graecia Orthodoxa, who makes mention of several other Tracts of Veccus in the second Book of the Agreement between the Greek and the Latin Churches, Chap 15.

Veccus had for the Companions of his Fortune, of his Exile and of his Studies, GEORGE ME∣TOCHITA * 1.21 Deacon of the Church of Constantinople, and CONSTANTINE MELITENIOTA his Arch-Deacon, who Compos'd several Works in the defence of the same Doctrine and of the same Cause.

The former whose Style is harsh, has compos'd a Treatise on the Procession of the Holy Ghost, di∣vided into five Dissertations, of which Allatius has given us a Fragment in his Book of Purgatory ta∣ken out of the Fifth Book, and another Fragment out of the same Book in his Treatise against Hottinger. And Father Combefis has given us a Fragment taken out of the Fourth Book, in his Additions to the Bibliotheca Patrum: A Refutation of three Chapters of Planuda the Monk Publish'd by Allatius in the Second Tome of his Graecia Orthodoxa: The Refutation of what Manuel Nephew of Cretois wrote, Publish'd by the same Author in the same Tome: A Dissertation, containing the History of the Uni∣on of the two Churches, of which Allatius has given us some Fragments: An Anti-heretical Disserta∣tion against the Writings of George of Cyprus. Another Dissertation of what was the Consequence of the two foregoing.

The Latter (viz. Constantine Meliteniota) has left behind him Two Treatises, One concerning the Union of the Greeks and Latins, and the other about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, Publish'd by Allatius, in the Second Tome of his Graecia Orthodoxa.

About the same time SIMON a Native of Crete, of the Order of Preaching Friars, Compos'd * 1.22 Three Treatises for the Latins in the form of Letters about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, the First directed to Manuel Olobola; the Second to Sophronia; and the Third to John, Keeper of the Archi••es. Allatius who has seen them, has only left us part of this Last in his Treatise against Hot∣tinger.

The Greek Schismaticks had likewise their Champions, who wrote in defence of their Doctrine; at the head of whom we may place GEORGE of Cyprus Sirnam'd GREGORY, Patriarch of Constan∣tinople, who was a Man of Spirit, Eloquent and Polite in his Discourse, of great Learning and Parts, and pretty well Vers'd in the Ecclesiastical Points. His chief Piece, call'd, The Synodal Tome, * 1.23 which he styles The Pillar of Orthodoxy, was writ against Veccus. He likewise compos'd other Works against the Latins, divers Panegyricks, and several Letters which are to be met with in Manuscript in Libraries.

GEORGE MOSCHAMPER, Register of the Church of Constantinople, was likewise one of the * 1.24 Adversaries of Veccus, against whom he wrote several Tracts, which that Patriarch refuted.

CONSTANTINE ACROPOLITA LOGOTHETES, signaliz'd himself likewise by his Wri∣tings * 1.25 against Veccus; and so did a Monk nam'd MARK, and JOB JASITES, who compos'd a Book sometime before the other two, against a Writing of the Emperor Michael, and an Apology for Joseph.

We may likewise reckon among the Greek Authors, GREGORY ABULPHARAJE an Arabian, * 1.26 of the Sect of the Jacobites or Melchites, who compos'd an History of the Dynasties which ends at the 683 year of the Hegira; that is, Anno Christi 1284. He was in great esteem in the East. His Tract was Publish'd in Arabick and Latin by Dr. Pocock, and Printed at Oxford in the Year 1663.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The History of the Greek Church.
• * 1.2

  Projects set on f••ot for the Re-union of the Greeks and Latins.
• * 1.3

  The Re-union of the Greeks and Latins under Michael Palaeo∣logus.
• * 1.4

  The Re-union between the Greeks and Latins is broken in the time of Andronicus the Emperor.
• * 1.5

  The Succession of the Patriarchs of Constantino∣ple during the Thirteenth Cen∣tury.
• * 1.6

  Writers in the Greek Church.
• * 1.7

  Nicholas d'Otrantes.
• * 1.8

  Nicetas Arch-Bishop of Thes∣salonica.
• * 1.9

  Nicetas Aco∣minatus Cho∣niates Logothe∣tes.
• * 1.10

  Michael Aco∣minatus Cho∣niates Arch-Bi∣shop of Athens.
• * 1.11

  Joel.
• * 1.12

  George Acro∣polita Logo∣thetes.
• * 1.13

  Pantaleon Dea∣con of the Church of Constantino∣ple.
• * 1.14

  Manuel Chari∣topula Patri∣arch of Con∣stantinople.
• * 1.15

  Germanus Nauplius Pa∣triarch of Con∣stantinople.
• * 1.16

  Nicephorus Blemmidas Monk of Mount Athes.
• * 1.17

  Arsenius Au∣torianus Patri∣arch of Con∣stantinople.
• * 1.18

  Theodore Las∣caris Sirnam'd Ducas the Greek Emperor.
• * 1.19

  George Pachy∣meres.
• * 1.20

  John Veccus Patriarch of Constantino∣ple.
• * 1.21

  George Meto∣chita Deacon, & Constantine Meliteniota Arch-Deacon of the Church of Constantino∣ple.
• * 1.22

  Simon of Crete of the Order of Preaching Fri∣ars.
• * 1.23

  George of Cy∣prus Sirnam'd Gregory Patri∣arch of Con∣stantinople.
• * 1.24

  George Mos∣champer.
• * 1.25

  Constantine Acropolita Lo∣gothetes, Mark, and Job Jasites.
• * 1.26

  Gregory Abul∣pharaje an A∣rabian.