The Third General Council of Lateran.
POPE Alexander III. conven'd in the Year 1179. a great Council at Rome, which is call'd, * 1.1 the Third General of Lateran, to reform a great number of Abuses that had crept into the Church; to make Constitutions about Matters of Discipline; to condemn the Albigeois, and other reputed Hereticks; to maintain the Immunities of the Church; and to redress many Grie∣vances that were become very common. This Council which began to fit on the Second Day of March, was compos'd of about Three hundred Bishops, and published Twenty seven Capitularies, or Articles of Canons.
The First, is a Decree for preventing the Schisms of the Church of Rome in the Election of the Popes, ordaining, That if all the Cardinals cannot agree to chuse the same Person, he shall be esteem'd as Lawful Pope, who shall obtain Two thirds of their Suffrages in his Favour; but that he cannot be ordain'd, or acknowledg'd as such, who has less than Two thirds of the Votes: Pro∣vided nevertheless that this Constitution shall not be prejudicial to the Custom of other Chapters, in which the Consent of the greater and sounder Part usually prevails; by reason that the Con∣tests which arise in those Bodies, may be determin'd by the Judgment of the Higher Powers, where∣as the Church of Rome cannot have recourse to any Tribunal that is Superior to it.
The Second, declares to be null the Ordinations made by the Three Anti-popes, Octavian, Guy, and John de Struma; deprives those of Benefices who receiv'd them from their Hands; abrogates the Alienations of Church-Revenues made by the said Anti-popes; and suspends from Orders those Clergy-men, who took an Oath to maintain the Schism.
The Third ordains, That a Person nominated to be chosen Bishop shall be Thirty Years old; that he shall be born in Lawful Wedlock, and noted for his Learning, and the probity of his Manners: That when his Election is confirm'd; when he has taken Possession of the Revenues of his Church; and when the time prescrib'd by the Canons for his Ordination is expir'd; he who had a right to dispose of the Benefices, which he enjoy'd before he was made Bishop, shall have free Liberty to confer them: That the Deaneries, Arch-deaconries, Curacies, and other Church-Li∣vings, with the Cure of Souls, shall be granted only to those who have attain'd to the Age of Twenty five Years: That they who are advanced to a higher Dignity, if they do not cause them∣selves to be ordain'd in due time, shall be depriv'd of their Benefices, without a possibility of re-instating themselves by vertue of an Appeal. It is also declar'd, that this Constitution shall be observ'd not only with respect to those who shall receive induction to Benefices for the future, but also in reference to Incumbents, if the Canons require it: That those who neglect to observe it in carrying on their Elections, shall be depriv'd of their Right of Electing, and even of their Bene∣fices for Three Years: And lastly, if the Bishop infringe it, or consent to the Infringement of it, he shall lose the Right of conferring Spiritual Livings; which shall be granted by the Chapter, or by the Metropolitan.
The Fourth Constitution, regulates the Number of Horses which the Prelates may keep for their Equipage, during the Visitation of their Diocesses; that is to say, Forty or Fifty are al∣low'd to Archbishops; Twenty five to Cardinals; Twenty or Thirty to Bishops; Five or Seven to Arch-deacons, and Two to Deans: Now in regard that this Number is very considerable, it is declar'd in the end of the Canon, that what is granted by way of toleration, ought only to be put in execution in Churches which have large Revenues, and that in those Places where the Ec∣clesiastical Revenues are very mean, the Superiors shall take care not to over-burden their Infe∣riors in visiting them; and that it is not the meaning of the Decree, to enlarge the Privilege of those, who were not accustom'd to have so great a Retinue. The Bishops are likewise forbidden to oppress the inferior Clergy with Taxes and Impositions, although they are permitted upon urgent Occasions to demand of them necessary Supplies: But the Arch-deacons and