A new history of ecclesiastical writers containing an account of the authors of the several books of the Old and New Testament, of the lives and writings of the primitive fathers, an abridgement and catalogue of their works ... also a compendious history of the councils, with chronological tables of the whole / written in French by Lewis Ellies du Pin.

Chronological TABLES, And other Necessary INDEXES and TABLES.

A. D.	Popes.	Western Emperors, and Kings of France and Italy.	Eastern Emperors.	Ecclesiastical Affairs.	Councils.	Ecclesiastical Writers.
1001	Silvester II. III.	Otho III. VI. The Re∣volt of the Romans a∣gainst Otho who retires to Rome.	Basil and Constantin. XXVI.			St. Fulbert be∣comes Professor of Divinity in the School of the Church of Char∣tres.
1002	IV.	Otho dies in the Month of Jan. Henry I. Duke of Bavaria is put in his place by the Princes of Germa∣ny, and crown'd at Mentz by the Archbishop. I.	XXVII.			Burchard Bi∣shop of Worms.
1003	V. Sylvester II dies May 12. John XVI. sirnam'd the Lean, who is cho∣sen in his place possesses the See of Rome only during 5 Months, and John XVII. suc∣ceeds him.	II.	XXVIII.	Almost all the old Churches are demolish'd to build new ones.
1004	I.	III.	XXIX.	Leutheric Archbishop of Sens is reprov'd by King Robert for making use of the Eucharist as a Trial.
1005	II.	IV.	XXX.		A Council at Dortmund in Westphalia.
1006	III.	V.	XXXI.	Alphegus Archbish. of Canterbury goes to Rome to fetch the Pall. The erecting of the Bishoprick of Bam∣berg in the Council of Francfurt.	A Council at Francfurt on the Mayn.

1007	IV.	VI.	XXXII.	St. Fulbert succeeds Rodulph in the Bishoprick of Chartres.
1008	V.	VII.	XXXIII.	Wigbert Bishop of Mersburg dy∣ing, Dithmar is chosen to succeed him in that Bishoprick.
1009	VI. John XVII dies in the Month of July. Ser∣gius IV. is substituted in his room in the mon. of August.	VIII.	XXXIV.	The Eastern and West. Churches still maintain'd a kind of mutual Communion one with another. The Church of Jerusalem is de∣stroy'd by the Prince of Babylon, and afterward re-establish'd. Adelbold is chosen Bishop of U∣trecht.
1010	I.	IX.	XXXV.	The Tryal of the Archbishop of Hamburg at Rome, about a certain Parochial Church.	A Council held at Ren∣ham in Eng∣land in this Year.	William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon. Godehard Bp. of Hildersheim. Gosbert Abbot of Tergensee. Meginfroy Monk of Fulda. Erchinfroy Abbot of Melck.
1011	II.	X.	XXXVI.			Syrus Monk of Cluny. Osbert or Osborn Chanter of Canter. Adelbold Bp. of Utrecht. Rupert Abbot of Mount Cassin. Dithmar Bp. of Mersburg.
1012	III. Sergius IV dies May 13. A Schism af∣ter his death be∣tween Benedict VIII. and Gregory, during which the former retired to the Emperor Henry I.	XI.	XXXVII.		A Council at Leon in Spain. The Laws of Ethelred King of Eng∣land.
1013	Henry marches to Rome, re-establishes Be∣nedict, and is crown'd Emp. the next year in the month of May. II.	XII.	XXXVIII			Leo the Gram∣marian.

1014	III.	XIII.	XXXIX.		A Council held at Pa∣via after that year.
1015	IV.	XIV.	XL.
1016	V.	XV.	XLI.
1017	VI.	XVI.	XLII.	The Heresy of the Manichees re∣viv'd in France, and suppress'd by King Robert. A Shower of Blood in the Pro∣vince of Aquitaine.	A Council at Orleans against the Manichean Hereticks.	Guarlin or Gauslin Archbi∣shop of Bourges.
1018	VII.	XVII.	XLIII.			The Death of Dichmar Bishop of Mersburg.
1019	VIII. Benedict goes to Bamberg in Germany.	XVIII.	XLIV.	Sergius Patriarch of Constantino∣ple, who succeeded John, dies, and Eustachius is substituted in his room.
1020	IX.	XIX.	XLV.			Tangmarus Dean of Hildesheim.
1021	X.	XX.	XLVI.
1022	XI.	XXI. The Em∣peror Hen∣ry arrives in Italy.	XLVII.			Guy Aretin Ab∣bot of Croix-Saint Leufroy.
1023	XII.	XXII. Henry re∣turns to Germany.	XLVIII.		A Council at Selingen∣stadt.	Briv•• Archbi∣shop of Mentz.
1024	Benedict dies in the end of the Month of Feb. and John xviii. his Brother succeeds him. I.	The death of Henry. Conrad is chosen Em∣peror in his stead. I.	XLIX.	An Embassay of the Greeks to Rome to obtain a Grant of the Pope that the Church of Constantinople may be styl'd the Catholick or Uni∣versal Church. The French Prelates oppose their Proceedings, and William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon writes a Let∣ter to John XVIII. to divert him from his Design.		William Abbot of St. Benignus at Dijon.
1025	II.	II.	L. Basil dies and Con∣stantin reigns alone.	Alexius is advanc'd to the Patri∣archal See of Constantinople.	A Council at Arras.
1026	III.	III.	I.			The death of Bur∣chard Bp. of Worms

1027	IV.	IV. Conrad is crown'd Emperor at Rome.	II.			The death of Adelbold Bishop of Utrecht.
1028	V.	V.	III.			The death of St. Fulbert Bishop of Chartres.
1029	VI.	VI.	Constantin dies, and Romanus is chosen to supply his place. I.	Robert King of France holds an A Council Assembly of Bishops at Orleans, for at Limoges. the Dedication of the Church of St. Aignan, which he had built.
1030	VII.	VII.	II.			Berno Abbot of Richenaw. Ademar, or Ai∣mar de Chabanois Monk of S. Cibar. Hugh Arch-dea∣con of Tours. Arnulphus Monk of Emmeran.
1031	VIII.	VIII.	III.	Hugh Monk of Cluny is made Bi∣shop of Langres. Canut King of England takes a Journey to Rome, where he is ho∣nourably receiv'd by the Pope and the Emperor, and obtains certain Privileges for his Subjects. The Pope's Letter, which attri∣butes the Quality of an Apostle to St. Martial. St. Martial is plac'd among the Apostles in the Councils of Bourges and Limoges. The Abbey of Beauleau usurp'd by a Secular Abbot, is reform'd by the Council of Limoges.	A Council held at Bour∣ges, Nov. 1. A Council at Limoges on the 18th day of the same Month.	Odoran a Monk of St. Peter le Vit. Agelnothus Arch-bishop of Canter∣bury. Eberard St. Har∣vic's Pupil. The death of Aribo Archbishop of Mentz.
1032	IX.	IX.	IV.		The Laws of Canut King of England.
1033	X. Pope John dies Nov. 7. and Bene∣dict IX. a young Child, the Son of Al∣beric Count of Frescati is substi∣tuted	X. Conrad ar∣rives in Ita∣ly, and re-establishes Pope John who was expell'd. The death of Robert King of	V.	The death of Burchard Archbi∣shop of Lyons. Odilo Abbot of Cluny refuses to ac∣cept that Archbishoprick, and the Pope blames him for it in a Letter. Bruno, Uncle by the Father's side to the Emperor Conrad, is ordain'd Bishop of Wurtsburg.

	in his room.	France, Ju∣ly 20. Henry I. his Son suc∣ceeds him.
1034	I.	XI.	Romanus dies April II. being poison'd and afterward strangl'd, by the Order of Zoe his Wife, who causes Michael the Paph∣lagonian her Fa∣vourite, to be plac'd on the Throne. I.
1035	II.	XII.	II.	The death of Simeon of Syracuse a Monk of Trier.
1036	III.	XIII. Conrad marches into Italy.	III.	Drogon is made Bishop of Te∣rouane.		The death of Godehard Bishop of Hildesheim.
1037	IV.	XIV.	IV.
1038	V.	XV.	V.	Pandulphus Duke of Capua is oblig'd to submit to the Emperor Conrad.
1039	VI.	Conrad dies June 5. and Henry III. his Son suc∣ceeds him.	VI.			Euge••ippus. Bruno Bishop of Wurtzburg.
1040	VII.	I.	VII.		Divers held this year in France.	Glaber Radulphus a Monk of Cluny. Arnold Canon of Herfeldt. Campanus of Lom∣bardy.
1041	VIII.	II.	VIII. Michael dies in the Month of Decemb. and Zoe causes Michael Calephas to be put in his place.	Lanfranc receives the Monastick Habit from the hands of the Abbot Herluin, in the Abbey of Be••.
1042	IX.	III.	I. Michael

			Calephas is expell'd, and Con∣stantin Mo∣nomachus being sub∣stituted in his room, marries Zoe.
1043	X.	IV.	I.	Alexius Patriarch of Constantino∣ple dying, Michael Cerularius is cho∣sen in his stead.
1044	The Ro∣mans expel Benedict accused of divers Crimes, and put Sylvester III. Bp. of St. Savine in his place. Benedict ac∣knowledging him∣self unworthy of the Papal Dignity, resigns it in favour of Gregory VI. on condition that he should enjoy the Revenues which the See of Rome receiv'd from England.	V.	II.
1045	II.	VI.	III.
1046	Henry Em∣peror of Germany deposes Gregory 6th and causes Suidger Bp. of Bamberg to be cho∣sen Pope on Christmas-Eve, who takes the name of Clement II. Gregory VI. voluntarily abdi∣cates the Popedom in a Synod, and is banish'd. Sylvester III. is sent back to his Bishoprick of St. Sabina.	VII. Henry is crown'd Emperor by Pope Clement II.	IV.		Councils held at Rome for deposing the Popes Be∣nedict IX. Sylvester III. and Gregory VI.
1047	I. Clement II. dying Oct. 2. Benedict IX. got Possession of S. Peter's	VIII.	V.	Hildebrand accompanies Gregory VI. in his Exile, and retires to Cluny. Eusebius Bruno made Bishop of Angers. A Letter written by Pope Clement II. to John nominated Archbishop of	A Council at Rome a∣gainst Per∣sons guilty of Simony.

	Chair a 3d time, and kept it 8 months longer.			Salerno, in which he approves his Translation to the Bishoprick of Pe∣sti, as also to that Archbishoprick, and grants him the Pall.
1048	The Em∣peror sends from Ger∣many Poppo Bishop of Brescia, who is made Pope under the name of Damasus II. but he dies 23 Days after his Conse∣cration.	XI.	VI.	Theoduin is ordain'd Bishop of Liege. Geffrey Count of Anjou and Agnes his Wife, give the Church of all Saints in the Suburbs of Angers, to the Abbey of Vendome. Hildebrand leaves the Abbey of Cluny, of which he was Prior, and accompanies Bruno Bishop of Toul to Rome.
1049	Bruno Bp. of Toul, who as∣sum'd the name of Leo IX. was chosen Febr. 13. 5 months after the death of Damasus. I.	X.	VII.	Pope Leo confirms by a Bull the Privileges of Cluny Abbey. He causes the Body of St. Remy of Rheims to be translated to the Church of that Abbey, which was also dedicated by him. He approves, in a Letter, the Translation of John from the Bishop∣rick of Frescati to that of Porto. Arnold Abbot of Poitiers, accused of Incontinency by the Bishop of Langres, was depos'd in the Coun∣cil of Rheims. Hugh Bishop of Langres charged with divers Crimes, was likewise depos'd and excommunicated in that Council; but having attended the Pope to Rome, and having done Pen∣nance, he was restor'd to his former Dignity some time after. Rudicus Bishop of Nantes, was also degraded for succeeding his Father in his Bishoprick, by the means of Simoniacal Practices. The Contest between the Archbp. of Rheims and the Bp. of Toul, about the Abbey of Monstier-Rendy, was determin'd in favour of the former, in the same Council.	A Council at Rome a∣gainst Simo∣ny. A Council at Pavia. A Council at Rheims, Octob. 3. A Council at Mentz, held in the end of this year, or in the beginning of the next.
1050	II.	XI.	VIII.	Berengarius or Berenger is accus'd and condemn'd in divers Councils hel this Year. He and his Fol∣lowers are constrain'd to retract their Opinions under pain of death in the Council of Paris. Lanfranc is oblig'd to give an ac∣count of his Doctrin, in the Coun∣cil of Rome, and he there makes a Confession of Faith. His Doctrin is approv'd in the Council of Verceil. A Confirmation of the Privileges of Corbey Abby by the Pope.	A Council at Rome. A Council at Brionne. A Council at Verceil, Septemb. 1. A Council at Paris, Nov. 19. A Council Coyaco. A Council	Anselm Dean of Namur. Hermannus Con∣tractus a Monk of Richenau. Theophanes the Ceramean. Nilus Doxopatrius. Gualdo Monk of Corbey. Drogo Bishop of Terouane. Helgaud Monk of

					at Rouen. A Council at Siponto.	Fleury. Wippo the Empe∣ror's Chaplain. Ebervin Abbot of St. Maurice. Evershelm Abbot of Aumont. Guibert Arch-deacon of Toul. Anselm a Bene∣dictin Monk.
1051	III.	XII.	IX.	Pope Leo's Letter, confirming to John Archbishop of Salerno, the Right of a Metropolitan.		Berenger's Letter to Lanfranc, and his Treatise a∣gainst him. Theoduin Bp. of Liege's Letter a∣gainst Berenger. Adelman a Clerk of Liege, and afterward Bishop of Brescia, writes to Berenger about his Opinion. Reciprocal Letters be∣tween Ascelin and Berenger. John Archbishop of Eu∣chaita.
1052	IV.	XIII.	X.	The Pope confirms the Privileges of the Abbey of St. Sophia at Bene∣vento. John, sirnam'd Jeannelin, is no∣minated Abbot of Erbrestin by the Emperor Henry III. Marianus Scotus turns Monk.	A Council at Mantua, disturb'd by a popular Tumult.	John Jeannelin Abbot of Erbre∣stein. Hepidannus a Monk of St. Gall. The death of Hugh Bishop of Langres.
1053	V. Leo IX. makes war with the Normans of Apulia, who take him Priso∣ner, and convey him to Bene∣vento.	XIV.	XI.	A Letter written by Michael Ceru∣larius Patriarch of Constantinople in his own Name, and under that of Leo Archbishop of Acris, against the Latin Church. This Patriarch causes the Churches of the Latins in Constantinople to be shut up, and takes away from all the Latin Abbots and Monks, who refus'd to renounce the Ceremonies of the Church of Rome, the Mona∣steries which they had in that City. The Pope being set at liberty by the Normans of Apulia, grants them all the Territories which they had subdu'd, and those that they might obtain by Conquest, from the Greeks and Saracens. A Contest between the Churches of Grado and Aquileia for the Metropolitan Right, determin'd in the Council of Rome, in favour of Grado. The Pope's Letter to the Bishops of Venice and Istria, confirming that Right.	A Council at Rome.

1054	Leo IX. dies Apr. 15. and the Papal See continues vacant du∣ring a whole year. Hilde∣brand goes to meet the Emperor, to demand Geb••hart Bishop of Eichstadt, who was made Pope the next year under name of Victor II. I.	XV.	Constantin Monoma∣chus dies, and Theo∣dora Por∣phyrogenne∣ta governs the Em∣pire. I.	Pope Leo's Letters, which confirm the Metropolitan Right of the Church of Carthage, over all those of Africa. The Pope sends Legats to Con∣stantinople to treat about the Re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches. Pope Leo's Letters on that Sub∣ject to the Emperor Constantin, and to Michael Cerularius Patriarch of Constantinople. A Contest between the Legats and that Patriarch. An Answer by Cardinal Humbert the Pope's Legat, to the Letter of Michael Cerularius and Leo of Acris. Nicetas Pectoratus, a Monk of Seuda, composes a Tract against the Latin Church. Cardinal Humbert's Answer to that Piece. Nicetas makes a Recantation, and burns his Writings. A Sentence of Excommunication denounc'd by the Legats against Michael Cerularius. The Patriarch in like manner excommunicates the Legats by a publick Edict, and raises a Sedition which obliges the Emperor to deliver up their In∣terpreters, who are misus'd and put in Prison.	A Council at Narbonne.	Humbert Cardi∣nal. Nicetas Pectora∣tus a Monk of Seuda. Dominick Patri∣arch of Grado. Peter Patriarch of Antioch.
1055	II.	XVI.	II.	Berenger abjures his Opinions in the Council of Tours, in the presence of Hildebrand. Maugier Archbishop of Rouen is depos'd in the Council of Lisieux, and Marrillus a Monk of Fecamp put in his place.	A Council at Florence. A Council at Lyons. A Council at Tours a∣gainst Be∣reinger. A Council at Lisieux.
1056	II. Pope Vi∣ctor goes to Germa∣ny, where he was in∣vited by the Empe∣ror Henry III.	XVII. The Empe∣ror Henry dies Oct. 3. Henry IV. his Son, aged only 5 years, succeeds him, and is at first put under the Tuition of his Mo∣ther, who obtains the Admini∣stration of the Go∣vernment.	III. Theodora dies in the end of the year, and Michael, whom she had made Emperor a little be∣fore, reigns alone.		A Council at Toulouse.

1057	Victor dies at Florence July 28. and Frede∣rick Abbot of Mount Cassin is chosen in his place, on the Fe∣stival of S. Stephen, whence he took the Name of Stephen IX. I.	I.	Michael abdicates the Impe∣rial Throne and leaves it to Isaac Commenus. I.	Pope Victor's Letter, which con∣firms and augments the Privileges granted to the Church of Selve-Blanche. Frederick is made Abbot of Mount Cassin; a little after, Cardinal; and at last Pope. Alphonsus Abbot of St. Benedict at Salerno, is ordain'd Archbishop of that City. A Letter by which Pope Stephen IX. re-unites the Bishoprick of Mar∣li, which was sometime divided. Peter Damian is made Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia by that Pope.	A Council at Rome.	Peter Damian Alphanus.
1058	Stephen dies at Flo∣rence, March 29. The Count of Frescati and Gre∣gory of Lateran, cause Mincius Bi∣shop of Veletri to be chosen Pope, who assumes the name of Benedict. Cardinal Hum∣bert and many o∣thers refuse to own his Authority. Gerard Bp. of Flo∣rence is chosen, and this Election is approv'd by the Emperor Henry.	II.	II.	Pope Stephen sends Legats to Con∣stantinople, who return without pur∣suing their Journey, having receiv'd Information of his death. Michael Cerularius is turn'd out of the Patriarchal See of Constantinople, and Constantin Lichudes is substi∣tuted in his room. Evershelm is made Abbot of St. Peter at Ghent. Marianus Scotus an English Monk passes into Germany, where he con∣tinues ten years a Recluse, in the Monastery of Fulda. Lambert of Aschaffemburg assumes the Monastick Habit at Hirlfeldt un∣der the Abbot Meginher; in a little while after is ordain'd Priest by Lu∣pold Archbishop of Mentz, and un∣dertakes a Journey to the Holy Land without the knowledg of his Abbot, from whence he returns the next year.
1059	II. Gerard is ordain'd Bp. of Rome in the be∣ginning of Jan. and takes the name of Nicolas II. I. Mincius renounces the Papal Dignity, and is suspended for ever from Ec∣clesiastcal Functions.	III.	III. Isaac re∣signs the Imperial Dignity to Constantin Ducas, and retires to a Monastery I.	A Privilege granted to the Nun∣nery of St. Felicitas near Florence. The Election of Popes reserv'd to the Cardinals in the Council of Rome. Berenger abjures his Opinions in that Council, and makes a Confes∣sion of Faith. Peter Damian is sent Legat to Milan to reform the Clergy, who publickly us'd Simoniacal Practices. The Bishop of Trani is depos'd in the Council of Melfi. Sigefroy or Sigifred succeeds Luit∣bold in the Arch-bishoprick of Mentz.	A Council at Rome. A Council at Melfi. A Council at Benevento, held in the beginning of the Month of August.
1060	II.	IV. Henry I. King of France, causes his	II.	St. Anselm embraces the Monastick Life in the Abbey of Bec.	A Council at Tours.	Guitmond Arch-bishop of Aversa. Durand Abbot of Troarn. Franco a Philoso∣pher

		Son Philip to be crown'd at Rheims, May 22. dies in the end of this year.				of Liege. Warin Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Mets.
1061	III. The death of Nicolas II. in the Month of July. Anselm Bishop of Lucca is elected three Months after, and ordain'd Pope under the name of Alexander II. The Emperor Henry, incens'd by reason that he was chosen without his knowledg, causes Cadalous Bishop of Parma to be proclaim'd Pope, who endea∣vours to make himself Master of the City of Rome; but being repuls'd, was oblig'd to return to Parma the next year.	V.	III.			Michael Psellus. Alberic a Monk of Mount Cassin. Merellus Abbot of Tergensee.
1062	I.	VI.	IV.
1063	II.	VII.	V.	A Contest between Peter Arch-bishop of Florence and his Monks. The Pope sends the Pall to Peter Archbishop of Dalmatia. Lanfranc is made Abbot of the Abbey of St. Stephen at Caen, newly founded, and St. Anselm succeeds him in the Office of Prior of Bec Abbey. Maurillus Archbishop of Rouen holds a Synod for the Dedication of the Cathedral Church of that City, which was newly built. A Confession of Faith publish'd in that Synod against Berenger's Opinions. A Privilege granted by the Pope to the Abbey of Vendome. Peter Damian the Pope's Legat in France, deter∣mins in the Council of Challon, the Differences be∣tween the Bishop of that City, and the Abbey of Cluny, about the Privileges of the same Abbey, which are confirm'd in the Council.	A Council at Rome. A Council at Rouen. A Council at Challon.
1064	III. Cadalous causes some Di∣sturbances. Alexander is own'd as lawful Pope	VIII.	VI.	Guibert, Grand Lord of Parma and Chancellor to Henry Emperor of Germany, is ordain'd Archbishop of Ravenna.	A Council at Mantua.

	in the Council of Mantua, and par∣dons Cada∣lous, who dies a little while after
1065	IV.	IX.	VII.	The Heresy of the Nicolaitans condemn'd in two Councils held at Rome.	A Council at Rome. Another Council at Rome. A Council at Elna in Roussillon.	Lanfranc.
1066	V.	X.	VIII.	John Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople, instead of Constan∣tin Lichudes. The Charters of Edward King of England for authorizing the Confirmation of the Privileges of the Church of Westminster, which was granted by the Popes Leo IX. and Nicolas II. William Duke of Normandy passes over into Eng∣land, and defeats Harald who had taken Possession of the Throne, after the death of King Edward.
1067	VI.	XI.	IX. Constantin Ducas dies, leaving 3 Children and his Wife Eudoxia, who takes upon her the Admini∣stration of the Government.
1068	VII.	XII.	II. Eudoxia marries Ro∣manus Dio∣genes, who is pro∣claim'd Emperor. I.	Peter Damian is sent Legat into Germany, to hinder the Emperor Henry from divorcing Bertha his Wife. Marianus Scotus, who liv'd as a Recluse in the Monastery of Fulda, goes to Mentz to end his Life there in the same Quality.
1069	VIII.	XIII.	II.	The death of Maurillus Archbi∣shop of Rouen. Lanfranc refuses to accept of that Archbishoprick, which is obtain'd by John de Bayeux Bishop of Auranchez. Lanfranc goes to Rome, to cause that Translation to be ratify'd, and to get the Pall for the same Archbishop. The Emperor Henry endeavours to get himself di∣vorc'd from Bertha in the Council of Mentz, but is oppos'd by Peter Damian the Pope's Legat.	A Council at Mentz.	The death of Evershelm Abbot of Aumont.

1070	IX.	XIV.	III.	Lanfranc is oblig'd to accept of the Archbishoprick of Canterbury. The Pope gives leave to Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg, to erect a Bishoprick in his Province.	A Council at Windsor.	Benno Cardinal.
1071	X.	XV.	IV. Romanus Diogenes is taken Prisoner by the Turks, and Michael the Son of Constan∣tin Ducas is pro∣claim'd Emperor. Diogenes being deliver'd, has his Eyes put out by Michael's Order, and dies a little while after.	Charles, nominated by the Empe∣ror Henry to the Bishoprick of Con∣stance, not being able to get Ordi∣nation by reason of Simoniacal Pra∣ctices, resigns his Ring and Crosier-staff to the Emperor, in the Council of Mentz.	A Council at Mentz. A Council held at Win∣chester this year.	Theophylact.
1072	XI.	XVI.	II.	Peter Damian is sent by the Pope to Ravenna, to take off the Excom∣munication denounc'd against that City, by reason of the Contests which the Bishop of that Diocess had with the See of Rome.	A Council at Rouen.	Hepidannus writes two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborada.
1073	XII. Alexander dies April 22. and Hildebrand is chosen in his place on the same day. He is ordain'd Priest and consecra∣ted Pope, under the Name of Gregory 7th in the Month of June. I.	XVII.	III.	William Archbishop of Auche, and Pontius Bishop of Beziers, are depos'd by Gerald Cardinal of Ostia, the Pope's Legat, for having voluntarily communicated with certain Persons, who lay under a Sentence of Ex∣communication. Pope Alexander confirms the Set∣tlement of a Convent of Regular Canons, made by Altman Bishop of Passaw. Dominic Patriarch of Venice is de∣puted by Pope Gregory to negotiate at Constantinople, about the Re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches. Pope Gregory's Decree against Per∣sons guilty of Simony, and against Clerks who marry or keep Concu∣bines. Letters written by the same Pope to the Bishops and Princes, about putting that Decree in execution. Other Letters by Gregory against Godfrey Archbishop of Milan and the Bishops of Lombardy, who were excommunicated for their Si∣moniacal Practices. But they were protected by Henry Emperor of Ger∣many, which gave occasion to the Dissensions that afterward broke forth between that Prince and the Pope.	A Council at Erford.	The death of Peter Damian on Febr. 23. Robert de Tomba∣lene Abbot of St. Vigor. William Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Metz. Hugh Bp. of Die. Anselm Bishop of Lucca. Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims.

1073			Anselm, who succeeded Pope Alexander II. in the Bishoprick of Lucca, but repenting that he had re∣ceiv'd the Investiture of that Bishoprick from the Emperor Henry IV. retir'd to the Monastery of Cluny; from whence he was recall'd by the Pope to govern his Bishoprick. Landric Arch-deacon of Autun is chosen Bishop of Mascon, and consecrated the next Year by the Pope, the Bishops of France not daring to ordain him. The Pope's Complaints and Menaces against Philip I. King of France. Pope Gregory lays claim to Spain, and by vertue of it gives to Ebol Count of Rocey, all the Coun∣tries that he could wrest out of the Hands of the Saracens, on condition that he should hold them of the Holy See, and should pay him a certain Tri∣bute. He exacts an Oath of Allegiance of Landulphus Duke of Benevento, and of Richard Duke of Capua. He promises the Pall to Bruno Bishop of Ve∣rona, provided he come to Rome to receive it there in Person. He confirms all the Privileges granted by Alexander II. to Wradisla••s Duke of Bohemia. Jeromir Bishop of Prague is suspended, and de∣priv'd of the Revenues of his Church, by the Pope's Legats, for opposing their reception in Bo∣hemia. A Contest between the same Bishop of Prague and the Bishop of Moravia, for the possession of certain Territories. The Pope's Remonstrance to the Inhabitants of Carthage, some of whom had deliver'd up Cyriacus their Bishop, into the Hands of the Saracens.
1074	II.	XVIII.	IV.	Garnier Bishop of Strasburg, ex∣communicated for Simoniacal Pra∣ctices, is absolv'd in the Council of Rome. Hugh is ordain'd Bishop of Die by the Pope in that Council. A Decree against Investitures made by the Pope in the same Council, according to the Relation of some Authors. Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia is excommunicated in the same Council of Rome. The Agreement between the Bi∣shops of Prague and Moravia, con∣firm'd by the Pope's Bull, dated March 2. William Archbishop of Auche, and Pontius Bishop of Beziers, restor'd to their respective Sees. The Pope reproves the Inhabi∣tants of Ragusa, for imprisoning Vitalis their Bishop, and substituting another in his room. He summons both the Bishops to Rome, if the	A Council at Rouen. A Council at Rome. Another at Poitiers. A Council held at Er∣ford in the Month of Octob.

1074			Matter cannot be determin'd by his Legat in that City. The Pope's Legats sent to the Emperor Henry, about the Affair of the Bishops of Lombardy. The Contest between those Legats and Sigefred Archbishop of Mentz, about the Right of calling a Council, which the Archbishop claim'd, as Vicar of the Holy See. The Legats return'd without any effect of their Negotiation. The first Project of a Crusade form'd by the Pope. The Pope's Letters to divers Princes and Bi∣shops, for putting in execution his Decree against Simony, and the Incontinence of Clergy-men. Letters written by the same Pope to the Bishops of France, against the Proceedings of King Philip, whom he threatens to dethrone. A Constitution of the Council of London about the Rank and particular Seat, that every Bishop ought to hold in the Councils of the Kingdom of England. The Pope confirms the Privilege of the Mona∣stery of St. Stephen at Caen. William Duke of Aquitaine is oblig'd, in the Council of Poitiers, to put away his Kinswoman, whom he had taken to Wife. Isembert, Bi∣shop of that City, who had disturb'd the Council, was suspended, and some time after excommuni∣cated by the Pope. The pretended Claim which Gregory VII. laid to the Kingdoms that were newly converted. He takes it very heinously that Solomon King of Hungary should be establish'd in that Kingdom by Henry Emperor of Germany, and insists, that King Stephen formerly gave it to the Holy See after his Conversion. Wherefore he threatens that Prince with the Apostolical Censures, if he do not make Suit to receive the Royal Scepter from his Hands. The Pope restores to the Bishop of Prague the Revenues of his Church, and orders him to come to Rome with the Bishop of Moravia: The former being arriv'd there, is sent back to his own Coun∣try, fully reconciled and re-instated: However, the Pope adjudges to the latter the possession of the contested Lands, but the Bishop of Prague having seiz'd on them at his return, the Pope enjoin'd him to restore them. A Tribute paid by the Bohemians to the See of Rome.
1075	III. The Pope falls out with Cin∣cius the Son of Al∣beric Pre∣fect of Rome, and excommu∣nicates	XIX. Henry sub∣dues the Saxons, who had revolted.	V.	Liemar Archbishop of Bremen, Garnier Bishop of Strasburg, Henry of Spire, Herman of Bamberg, Wil∣liam of Pavia, and Cunibert of Tu∣rin, are suspended in the Council of Rome. Some of these Bishops re∣pair to that City to get Absolution. Denis Bishop of Placentia is de∣pos'd in the same Council, without hope of Restauration.	A Council held at Rome in the end of the Month of February. A Council at Poitiers against Be∣renger.

1075	him. Cincius excited by Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna seizes on the Pope's Person, as he was say∣ing Mass on Christ∣mas-day, but he is forc'd by the People to set him at liberty, and to re∣tire to the Emperor.			Herman of Bamberg is excommu∣nicated some time after, for his Misdemeanours. The Pope's Letters to the Empe∣ror Henry, to the Archbishop of Mentz, and to the People of Bam∣berg against that Bishop. A private Embassy sent by Henry to the Pope, to settle a good Cor∣respondence between them. The Success of the Emperor's Arms causes him to have less regard to the Pope's Interest. His second Embassay to the Pope, which is not very favourably re∣ceiv'd. Henry causes Tedald to be chosen Archbishop of Milan, to the preju∣dice of him whom the Pope had nominated to that Dignity. The Pope's Letters to the Empe∣ror Henry, and to the Suffragan Bi∣shops of the Milanese, to hinder Tedald's Ordination. Henry's Circular Letter to the Bi∣shops and Princes of the Empire, against Gregory. Letters by Thierry Bishop of Ver∣dun, and Engelbert Archbishop of Trier, against the Pope.	A Council at London.
1076	IV.	XX.	VI.	Cardinal Hugo excommunicated by the Pope. The Pope's Election condemn'd in the Council of Worms. A Letter sent from the Council to the Pope, importing that Condem∣nation. Roland a Clerk of Parma, the Bearer of this Letter, deliver'd it to the Pope, and makes him the De∣clarations and Protestations with which he was charg'd. The Envoys of Henry make the same Protestations against the Pope. The Pope excommunicates Sige∣froy Archbishop of Mentz, and sus∣pends the other Bishops of the Coun∣cil of Worms in the Synod of Rome: He likewise declares the Emperor Henry excommunicated, and fallen from the Imperial Dignity, and ab∣solves his Subjects from their Oath of Allegiance. Henry's Enemies take an occasion from this Sentence of Excommuni∣cation, to enter into a League a∣gainst him. The greatest part of the Prelats of the Assembly of Worms are re∣concil'd with the Pope.	An Assembly held at Worms on Septuagesima-Sunday. A Council held at Rome in the begin∣ning of Lent. A Council at Winchester Apr. 1. A Council at Tribur or Oppenheim, Octob. 26.

1076				Gregory brings over to his Party Mathilda, Sovereign Princess of a considerable Territory in Italy, and the Widow of Godfrey Duke of Lorraine, who died there this year, divorced from his Wife. The Pope's Letters to all the Faithful of the Roman Empire against Henry. A Letter written by Herman Bishop of Mets to the Pope concerning the Excommunication of Henry, and about this Question, viz. Whe∣ther a Sentence of Excommunication can be denounc'd against Kings? The Pope's Answer, shewing that Kings may be excommunicated; which he proves by divers Examples. Another Letter by the Pope to the Prelats and Nobility of Germany, prescribing certain Conditions for the absolving of Henry, which if not performed by him, he requires them to proceed to the Election of another Prince, to take upon him the Government of the Em∣pire. By vertue of this Letter, the Dukes of Suevia, Bavaria and Carinthia, and the Bi∣shops of Wurtzburg and Worms confer toge∣ther at Ulm, and appoint an Assembly at Op∣penheim. Sigehard Patriarch of Aquileia and Altman Bishop of Passaw the Pope's Legat, declaim against the Conduct of Henry, in the Assembly of Oppenheim, and demand another Emperor to be chosen in his place. Henry on the other side promises the Legats, by his Deputies, to reform Abuses for the fu∣ture, and to make Restitution for what Dam∣mage he might have done. A Committee of the Assembly is appointed to treat with the Emperor, who submits to their Remonstrances; disbands his Army; dismisses the Prelats and other excommuni∣cated Persons residing in his Court; retires to Spire, and relinquishes all the Marks of the Imperial Dignity till he can get himself ab∣solv'd within the year. Gregory writes to the Bishop of Cirenza, to give Absolution to Roger Count of Sicily, and to the Bishop of Melfi. The Pope ordains Servandus Bishop of Hip∣pon, and sends him back into Africa, with Letters of Recommendation. He likewise installs Ives Abbot of St. Me∣laine, in the Bishoprick of Doll in Bretagne, and grants him the Pall. William I. King of England turns Wulke∣tulus out of the Abbey of Croyland, and gives it to Ingulphus, who nevertheless procures the Restauration of Wulketulus.
1077	V.	XXI. Henry goes to Italy to	VII.	Henry passes into Italy, and there comes to an Agreement with the Pope, by the Mediation of the Prin∣cess	An Assembly at Forcheim, March 13.

1077		sue for the Pope's Par∣don, and receives Absoluti∣on. After∣wards he falls out with him again, and Rodulphus is elected Emperor of Germany.		Mathilda, of Hugh Abbot of Cluny, and of some other Noble-men. He obtains his Absolution at Ca∣nosa under certain Conditions, which afterwards he was not able to ob∣serve. The Complaints of the Lombards against these Proceedings of the Em∣peror, which oblige him to break with the Pope. Henry recalls the excommunicated Bishops, whom he had dismiss'd. Rodulphus Duke of Suevia causes himself to be chosen Emperor in the Convention at Eorcheim, and to be crown'd at Mentz by Archbishop Sigefred. The Pope determines to pass into Germany to end the difference between Henry and Ro∣dolphus; but the former takes a resolution to hinder his Passage, and to make War with Rodolphus and the other Rebels. The Pope having caus'd certain Bishops of Henry's Party to be apprehended, that Prince in like manner arrests two of the Pope's Le∣gats, by way of Reprisal. The Archbishops of Rheims, Besanson, Liege, Sens, Bourdeaux, Bourges and Tours, and the Bishops of Senlis, Chartres, Auxerre, Noyon and Autun, not appearing in the Council of Autun to clear themselves, are condemn'd by Hugh of Die the Pope's Legat, and oblig'd to go to Rome to get that Condemnation re∣mitted. Geduin Arch-deacon of Langres is chosen and ordain'd Archbishop of Lyons, instead of him whom Hugh of Die had depos'd. Rainier Bishop of Orleans is likewise de∣pos'd by the Pope, and Sanzon is substituted in his room. Stephen Bishop of Annecy is excommunicated for taking possession of that Church. The Pope renews his Pretensions to Spain, and exhorts the Kings and Princes of that Country to pay him the Tribute, which he pretends to be due to the Holy See. He in like manner lays claim to the Island of Corsica, and sends a Legat to reside there in quality of Governour. Gerard Abbot of St. Vincent at Laon is made Abbot of St. Medard at Soissons; but being turn'd out some time after, by Queen Bertha, he founded the Abbey of Seauve-Majeur in the Diocess of Bourdeaux.	A Council at Clermont. A Council at Dijon. A Council at Autun.
1078	VI.	XXII.	VIII. Nicepho∣rus Botoni∣ata gets possession of the Im∣perial	The Pope renews, in the Council of Rome, the Anathema which he had denounc'd against Tedald Arch-bishop of Milan, and against Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna. Arnulphus Bishop of Cremona be∣ing	A Council held at Rome in Lent. Another Council at Rome in the	Lambert of As∣chaffemburg com∣pleats his History. Michael Psellus retires to a Mo∣nastery, where he

1078			Dia∣dem, hav∣ing caus'd Michael to be confi∣ned in a Monastery I.	present in the Council, is de∣pos'd for Simoniacal Practices, with∣out hope of Restauration. Roland Bishop of Trevisi is ex∣communicated, for having obtain'd his Bishoprick, by undertaking to manage the Deputation of the As∣sembly of Worms. Cardinal Hugo, who took part with the Emperor Henry, is like∣wise excommunicated. The Sentence of Excommunica∣tion denounc'd against the Archbishop of Nar∣bonne, by the Pope's Predecessors is reviv'd in that Council. All the Normans of Apulia are excommuni∣cated in the same Council. Upon the breaking up of this Council, the Pope sollicits the Germans to call an Assembly, to put an end to the Dissensions between Henry and Rodolphus, and excommunicates all those Persons who hinder their Meeting. Both Parties seem to mistrust the Pope's de∣finitive Sentence. Henry makes himself Master of the Coun∣tries of Bavaria and Suevia, which Rodolphus had abandon'd to retire to Saxony. Rodolphus levies Forces, besieges the City of Wurtzburg, and takes it after having defeated Henry's Army, who came to relieve the Place, but the latter found means to recover it a little while after. Nicephorus Botoniata is excommunicated in the second Council of Rome for usurping the Government of the Eastern Empire. The Envoys of Henry and Rodolphus take an Oath in that Council, in the name of their Masters, that they should not hinder the Pope's Legats from holding an Assembly in Germany to determine their Controversies. A Decree in the same Council against Inve∣stitures made by Laicks. The Archbishop of Tours and the Bishop of Rennes are suspended in the Council of Poi∣tiers, for endeavouring to disturb it. The Archbishop of Besanson is likewise sus∣pended in that Council, for not appearing therein, no more than the Bishop of Autun. The Abbot of Bergues is depos'd for Si∣mony, in the same Council. The Divorce of William Duke of Aqui∣taine from his Wife is order'd in that Council, by reason of their being too near a kin. The Settlement of the Regular Canons of St. Quentin at Beauvais made by Guy Bishop of that City, who conferr'd the Government of that Convent on Ives, his Successor after∣ward in the Bishoprick of Beauvais. Cosmus is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople in the place of John Xiphilin. St. Anselm succeeds Herluin Abbot of Bec, who dy'd this year.	Month of Decemb. A Council at Poitiers.	dies a little while after.

1079	VII.	XXIII.	II.	Berenger is forc'd to abjure his Opinions, and to make a new Con∣fession of Faith. The Archbishop of Aquileia pro∣mises in the Council of Rome to con∣tinue loyal, for the future, to Pope Gregory and his Successors, and to be obedient to them in all things. Tedald Archbishop of Milan, Peter Archbishop of Narbonne, Sigefrey Bishop of Bononia, Roland Bishop of Trevisi, and the Bishops of Fermo and Camerine, are excommunicated and depos'd in that Council with∣out hope of restauration. The Pope, after having caus'd the Envoys of Henry and Rodolphus to take an Oath in the Council that their Masters should submit to the Decision of the Holy See, deputes his Legats to hold an Assembly in Germany. Henry having defeated Rodolphus in a Battel near Fladesheim, could not suffer an Assembly to be held, in which his Right might be brought into Question. The Church of Lyons erected into a Primacy by Gregory VII. This Pope threatens a certain Lord nam'd Wezelin with Excom∣munication, if he continue to disturb the Tranquility of the King, whom the Holy See had set over Dalmatia. He confers upon Landulphus Bi∣shop of Pisa and his Successors the Office of Legat, and half the Re∣venues of the Island of Corsica, re∣serving the other Moiety for the Ho∣ly See, with all the Forts. He confirms the Election which the Monks of Marseille, made of Cardinal Richard, for their Abbot. William Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen, is ordain'd Archbishop of Rouen in the place of John, who had resign'd that Archbishoprick by reason of his Infirmities.	A Council held at Rome in the Month of February.
1080	VIII. Gregory is depos'd in a Council held at Brescia, and Guibert is declar'd Pope.	XXIV. Henry is excommu∣nicated by the Pope in the Coun∣cil of Rome, and Ro∣dolphus is confirm'd in the Im∣perial Dig∣nity,	III. Michael Ducas sent to desire Succours of the Pope, and of Robert Duke of Apulia. Nicepho∣rus is ex∣pell'd	The Pope forbids the Sclavonians to celebrate Divine Service in the Vulgar Tongue. Manasses Archbishop of Rheims is depos'd in the Council of Lyons. The Decree against Investitures is reviv'd in the Council of Rome. The Sentence pronounc'd in the Council of Lyons against Manasses, is confirm'd in that of Rome. The Bulls of Excommunication publish'd against Tedald Archbishop	A Council at Bordeaux. A Council at Lyons. A Council held at Rome in the begin∣ning of Lent, against the Emperor Henry. An Assem∣bly	Theophylact Arch-bishop of Acris. Folcard a Monk of St. Berthin. Gerard Abbot of St. Vincent at Laon. Willeram Abbot of St. Peter at Mersburg. Ursio Abbot of Aumont.

1080		but the latter dies in the end of the Year.	by Alexis Comnenus, who is pro∣claim'd Emperor.	of Milan, Guibert of Ravenna, Peter of Narbonne, and the other Bishops, are re-iterated in that Council. Henry is excommunicated by the Pope in the Council, which declares him fallen from the whole Imperial Dignity, and transfers the Empire of Germany to Rodolphus. The chief Leaders of Henry's Party meet at Mentz, and call the Council of Brescia against the Pope. Hildebrand is depos'd in that Coun∣cil, and Guibert Archbishop of Ra∣venna is substituted in his room, who assumes the Name of Clement III. Henry's Letter to Hildebrand de∣posed from the Papal Dignity, to oblige him to relinquish the See of Rome. A Letter by the same Emperor to the Clergy and People of Rome, re∣quiring them to expel Hildebrand the deposed Pope. Henry likewise sends Ambassadors to the Christian Kings and Princes, to induce them to acknowledge Clement as lawful Pope, and to withdraw them from their Obedi∣ence to Gregory. Gregory comes to an Agreement with Robert Guiscard Duke of Apu∣lia, and invests him with the Ter∣ritories which were in his Possession, granting him also a Toleration to enjoy those that he had usurp'd. This Pope nominates another Archbishop of Ravenna instead of Guibert, whom he endea∣vours to get outed from that Archbishoprick. A bloody Battel fought Octob. 15. between Henry and Rodolphus; insomuch that the latter having receiv'd a Wound in his Arm, quits the Field, and causes himself to be convey'd to Mersburg, where he died a little after. Henry marching into Saxony, lays waste those Parts, and at his return regains the whole Country of Suevia. Gregory demands Succours of Robert Guis∣card; writes to the German Princes, to oblige them to choose an Emperor intirely devoted to the Interests of the Holy See, in the place of Rodolphus deceased; and sends thither a Form of an Oath, which he requires them to put to the Prince whom they should elect. Achard is turn'd out of the Church of Arles which he usurp'd, and Gibelin is substituted in his room, by Hugh of Die, in the Council of Avignon. Another Hugh is chosen Bishop of Grenoble in that Council. Ursio Bishop of Soissons is depos'd in the Council of Meaux, and Arnulphus a Monk of	held at Mentz at Whitsuntide. A Council held at Bres∣cia in the Month of June, against the Pope. A Council at Avignon. A Council at Lillebonne. A Council at Meaux. A Letter written by the Clergy of Noyon to those of Cam∣bray, about the admission of the Sons of Priests in∣to Orders.	Amatus a Bishop in Italy. Adam a Canon of Bremen. Conrad Bishop of Utrecht. Weneric Bishop Verceil. Waleran Bishop of Naumburg. The death of Guitmond Archbi∣shop of Aversa. Hepidannus a Monk of St. Gall, died likewise this Year.

1080				St. Medard is put in his place. Gaultier is elected Bp. of Challon. The Pope endeavours to no pur∣pose, to extort a Tribute from the Kingdom of France, as he had done from England, and the other Estates of Christendom. He congratulates Alphanus Bishop of Salerno, upon occasion of his hav∣ing found the Relicks of Saint Matthew. He threatens Orzococcius Sovereign Prince of Sardinia, to dispossess him of that Island (which he avouches to belong to the Holy See) unless he submit to the Injunctions of the Church of Rome. He is well satisfy'd with the Con∣duct of his Legat in that Island, who had oblig'd a Greek Archbishop to keep his Beard shav'd. In a Letter written by him to Synnadius Patriarch of the Armeni∣ans, he censures certain Errors which are attributed to him.
1081	IX.	XXV. Henry marches in∣to Italy at the head of an Army, and besieges Rome. Gregory defends himself, and Henry is oblig'd to retire to Lombardy.	I.	Bertrand Count of Provence, takes an Oath of Allegiance to the Pope.		Joan. Thrasesius Scylitzes Curopa∣lata. Engelbert Arch-bishop of Trier. Ulric a Monk of Cluny. Bernard a Monk of Corbie in Saxony.
1082	X.	XXVI. Henry re∣turns to the Siege of Rome; but the rigo∣rous Resistance he met with, oblig'd him to turn it in∣to a Blockade. The German Rebels choose Herman in the place of Rodolphus.	II.	Robert Abbot of Rebais is ordain'd Bishop of Meaux in the Council of that City, by Hugh of Die; but this Ordination being made with∣out the Consent of the Archbishop of Sens and his Suffragans, that Arch-bishop consecrated another, after having excommunicated Robert.	A Council at Meaux.
1083	XI. Henry makes himself Master of part of the City of Rome, and	XXVII.	III.	Gregory holds a Synod at Rome with Henry's Consent, who grants Pasports to all the Prelats who were oblig'd to be present therein; but he causes the Deputies of the Ger∣man Rebels, and Otho Cardinal-Bi∣shop of Ostia who accompany'd them, to be arrested on the Road.	A Council held at Rome in the Month of Novemb.	Marianus Scotus compleats his Chronicle.

1083	causes Gui∣bert to be ordain'd Pope, who takes the Name of Clement III.			This Synod concludes nothing. Hugh Bishop of Die is translated from that See to the Archbishoprick of Lyons.
1084	XII. Henry takes the rest of the City of Rome, and causes himself to be crown'd Em∣peror by Clement III. But Gregory VII. induces Ro∣bert Duke of the Normans to come to his Relief, who obliges Henry to retire.	XXVIII.	IV.	Nicolas the Grammarian is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople.
1085	XIII. Gregory VII. dies May 24. and the See of Rome continues vacant al∣most a whole year. Guibert becomes Master of part of the Churches of Rome, and endea∣vours to get himself acknow∣ledg'd as lawful Pope.	XXIX.	V.	This Question, viz. Whether the Pope had a Right to excommuni∣and dethrone the Emperor Henry? is debated in the Assembly of Ber∣chach, between Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg on Herman's side, and Wicelin Archbishop of Mentz on that of Henry, without determining any thing as to the Matter in Hand. Wicelin's Opinions condemn'd, and his Ordinations declar'd null in the Assembly of Quintilineburg. The Ordinations and Consecra∣tions of Sigefrey Bishop of Augsburg, of Norbert Bishop of Chur, and all those made by excommunicated Clerks, are likewise declar'd null in that Assembly, which pronounc'd a Sentence of Anathema with lighted Candles against Guibert, Cardinal Hugo, John Bishop of Porto, Peter the Chancellor, Liemar Archbishop of Bremen, Utho Bishop of Hilde∣sheim, Otho of Constance, Burchard of Basil, and Herman of Spire; as also against Wicelin of Mentz, Sige∣frey of Augsburg, Norbert of Chur, and their Adherents. Hildebrand with those of his Par∣ty, and the Bishops of the Assembly of Quintileneburg, are condemn'd and depos'd in that of Mentz, and other Bishops are substituted in their room.	An Assembly at Gostar or Berchach, held in the beginning of the year a∣gainst Henry. An Assem∣bly at Quin∣tilineburg, held against Henry after Easter. An Assem∣bly at Mentz for Henry, held in the Month of May.	Deusdedit Car∣dinal.

1085				Herman and Ecbert of Saxony are likewise excommunicated in that Council. The death of Robert Guiscard Duke of the Normans of Apulia.
1086	Desiderius Abbot of Mount Cassin is made Pope, under the Name of Victor III. I.	XXX.	VI.	Hugh Archbishop of Lyons, the Archbishop of Aix, and the Bishop of Marseille aspire to the Papal Dignity. The Archbishop of Lyons in vain endeavours to oppose the Election of Victor. St. Bruno institutes the Order of Carthusian Monks. Philip King of France divorc'd from Bertha his Wife, who is ba∣nish'd to Monstreuil.		The death of Anselm Bishop of Lucca. The death of Al∣phanus Bishop of Salerno. Marianus Scotus a Recluse dies at Mentz.
1087	II. Victor is consecrat∣ed at Ca∣pua, May 9. and dies Sept. 16. at Mount Cassin, after having nominated Otho Bishop of Ostia for his Successor.	XXXI.	VII.	The Anathema denounc'd against Guibert the Antitope, is renew'd in the Council of Benevento. The Archbishop of Lyons and the Bishop of Marseille are likewise ex∣communicated in that Council.	A Council at Capua. A Council at Benevento against Gui∣bert.
1088	Otho Bi∣shop of Ostia is or∣dain'd Pope May 12. under the Name of Urban II. Guibert is expell'd by the Ro∣mans, and oblig'd to renounce all manner of Claim to the Popedom. I.	XXXII.	VIII.	The death of Berenger, which happen'd Jan. 6. The death of William I. si••nam'd the Conqueror, King of England, on Septemb. 9. The Pope confirms the Primacy of the Church of Toledo, and sends the Pall to Bernard Archbishop of that Metropolitan See.		Hildebert Arch-deacon of Mans. The death of Durandus Abbot of Tro•…•…n.
1089	II.	XXXIII.	IX.	The Pope confirms in the Council of Rome all the Proceedings of Gre∣gory VII. against Guibert the Anti-pope, the Emperor Henry and their Adherents. He revives in that of Melfi, the De∣crees against Persons guilty of Simo∣ny, and abolishes the Institution of Clerks call'd Acephali, who were retain'd in the Service of the great Lords, or depended on them.	A Council at Rome. A Council at Melfi.	The death of Lanfranc Archbi∣shop of Canter∣bury, on May 8.

1090	III.	XXXIV.	X.	A Grant of the City of Tarragona to the See of Rome, by Berenger Count of Barcelona.	A Council at Toulouse.	Lambert Bishop of Arras. Raynold Archbp. of Rheims. Thierry Abbot of St. Trudo. Peter Chartophy∣lax of the Church of Constantinople.
1091	IV. Guibert re∣turns to Rome, takes the Castle St. Angelo, and be∣comes Master of the City.	XXXV.	XI.	The death of St. Wolphelin Abbot of Bruvilliers, in the Diocess of Colen. The Pope grants the Archbishop∣rick of Tarragona to Berenger Bi∣shop of Vich.	A Council held at Be∣nevento a∣gainst Gui∣bert.	Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland.
1092	V.	XXXVI.	XII.	St. Anselm is chosen Archbishop of Canterbury, Mar. 6. and consecrated on the 4th day of Decemb. following. Roscelin, a Clerk of the Church of Compeigne, is oblig'd to make an Abjuration of his Error, in the Coun∣cil of Soissons; but having maintain'd it again afterwards, he was banish'd from France and England. Lambert, nominated Bishop of Arras, is ordain'd at Rome by the Pope. Ives is likewise install'd Bishop of Chartres by the Pope at Capua in the end of the year, in the place of Geffrey who was depos'd. The Pope's Discourse to Ives of Chartres, after his Consecration. Richer Archbishop of Sens cites Ives Bishop of Chartres to an Assem∣bly held at Estampes, to give an Ac∣count of his Ordination; and that Assembly having determin'd to re∣store Geffrey, Ives of Chartres ap∣peals to the Pope, who forbids Richer the use of the Pall, till he desist from further Prosecution. Philip King of France marries Bertrada the Wife of Foulques le Rechin Count of Anjou. The Bishop of Senlis performs the Nuptial Ceremonies, for the Re∣venue of certain Churches conferr'd upon him. Ives Bishop of Chartres vigour∣ously opposes that Marriage.	A Council at Soissons against Ros∣celin. A Council at Rheims.	St. Anselm. Simeon the younger. Georgius Cedrenus. Roscelin a Clerk of the Church of Compeigne. Paul Provost of Benrieden.
1093	VI.	XXXVII. Conrad the Son of Henry re∣volts a∣gainst	XIII.	Ives Bishop of Chartres is put in Prison, for declaring against King Philip's Marriage.	A Council at Troia in Apulia.

1093		his Father, and is crown'd at Milan by Anselm Archbp. of that City.
1094	VII.	XXXVIII	XIV.	The Pope's Bull for the Restau∣ration of the Bishoprick of Arras. Praxeda, the Wife of the Emperor Henry, appears in the Council of Constance, and makes a Confession of many infamous Practices, which she had been constrain'd to commit, by her Husband. Hugh Archbishop of Lyons, the Pope's Legat, excommunicates King Philip in the Council of Autun, by reason of his Marriage with Ber∣trade, but the Pope suspends the execution of that Sentence.	A Council at Constance. A Council held at Au∣tun, Octob. 16.
1095	VIII.	XXXIX.	XV.	Pope Urban II. gives Audience in the Council of Placentia to the Am∣bassadors of the Emperor of Con∣stantinople, who desir'd Succours a∣gainst the Infidels. King Philip sends Ambassadors to that Council, who obtain some res∣pit as to the Sentence of Excommu∣nication which was denounc'd a∣gainst him. The Pope forms in the same Council, the Project of the Crusade, which was absolutely resolv'd upon in that of Cl••••mont. The Condemnation of Berenger's Opinions is reviv'd in the Council of Placentia. Hugh, Archbishop of Lyons is sus∣pended, for neglecting to make his appearance, and to send any one to excuse his Absence. The Empress Praxeda makes the same Declaration against her Hus∣band in that Council, as she had be∣fore exhibited in the Council of Constance. The Council of England declares that Urban should not ••e acknow∣ledg'd as Pope, ••or St. Anselm as Primat of England, so long as he took part with him. The Pope publishes a Sentence of Excommunication against King Phi∣lip and against Bertrade his Concu∣bine in the Council of Clermont. He likewise renews in that Coun∣cil, the Anathema's against the Emp. Henry, and Guibert de Antipope.	A Council held in Lent at Placentia. A Council held in Eng∣land, April 21. A Council at Clermont in the Month of Novemb. A Council at Limoges in the Month of Decemb.	The death of Gerard Abbot of S. Vincent at Laon.

1095				Upon the Remonstrances of Peter the Hermit, a Gentleman of Picardy near Amiens, and upon the receipt of the Letters sent by Alexius Emp. of Constantinople, and Simeon Patri∣arch of Jerusalem, the Levantine Crusade is resolv'd on, and publish'd in the same Council: The Mark of the Soldiers listed for that Expedi∣tion, was a red Cross sow'd on their left Shoulder, and the Watch-word, 'Tis the Will of God. A Confirmation of the Primacy of the Archbishoprick of Lyons in that Council. The Bull of that Confirmation, dated Septemb. 1. The Pope forbids Richer Archbp. of Sens the use of the Pall, for re∣fusing to own the Primacy of the Church of Lyons. Humbaud Bishop of Limoges is de∣pos'd by the Pope in the Council of that City.
1096	IX.	XL.	XVI.	A Dispute between St. Anselm and the King of England. The Pope confirms the Privileges of the Canons of St. Martin at Tours. King Philip promises to quit Ber∣trade, and the Pope gives him Ab∣solution in the Council of Nismes.	A Council at Rouen. A Council at Tours. A Council at Nesmes.	Conrad a Monk of Bruvilliers. Geffrey de Male∣terre. Bertulphus or Ber∣nulphus, a Priest of Constance. William of Apu∣lia. Nalgod a Monk of Cluny.
1097	X.	XLI.	XVII.		A Council at Bari.	Othlo a Monk of St. Boniface. Gregory Cardinal. Peter de Honestis, a Clerk of Ra∣venna. Thibaud or Theo∣bald Clerk of the Church of Estam∣pes.
1098	XI.	XLII.	XVIII.	St. Anselm Archbishop of Canter∣bury leaves England, and passes into Italy. He disputes against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost, in the Council of Bari, and entreats the Pope not to excommu∣nicate the King of England. The Pope grants to Roger Count of Sicily and Calabria, that no Le∣gats shall be sent into his Domini∣ons without his consent; that the Princes, his Successors, shall be Le∣	A Council at Bari. A Council held at Rome in favour of the Party, that oppos'd the Interests of Pope Gre∣gory VII.	Eadmer a Monk of Canterbury. Gislebert a Monk of Westminster. Bernard a Monk of Cluny. Bernard a Clerk of the Church of Utrecht. Adam Abbot of Perseme. Albert a Benedi∣ctin Monk of Mets.

〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉