The trauels of certaine Englishmen into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia, Thracia, and to the Blacke Sea And into Syria, Cilicia, Pisidia, Mesopotamia, Damascus, Canaan, Galile, Samaria, Iudea, Palestina, Ierusalem, Iericho, and to the Red Sea: and to sundry other places. Begunne in the yeare of iubile 1600. and by some of them finished in this yeere 1608. The others not yet returned. Very profitable to the help of trauellers, and no lesse delightfull to all persons who take pleasure to heare of the manners, gouernement, religion, and customes of forraine and heathen countries.

A description of the famous Citie of Constantinople, as it is now vnder SVLTAN ACHOMET, the 15. Grand-Chan of the line of OTTOMAN.

Salutem in Authore salutis, &c.

SInce the writing of my former letters, I hauing often beene at Constantinople, and thorowly viewed the same, according to promise, I haue thought good to write som∣thing vnto you thereof.

May it please you therefore to vnder∣stand, that Constantinopolis is a Citie in Thracia, so called of Constantine the Emperour, because hee en∣larged the same. It was before called Byzantium. Strabo en∣tituled it Illustre, and Plinie & Iustine called it most Noble, being one of the most fertile in all Europe. It is situted in Thracia, vpon the gulph Ponthus, which separateth Asia from Europe. The forme thereof is thrée square, whereof the two sides are washed by the sea, & the third ioyneth vnto the firme land. The soile thereof is very delectable, bringing foorth all kindes of good fruites, necessarie for sustenance of humane life. The situation thereof is so well deuised and ordered, that no Ship can enter, nor goe foorth but with leaue from the head Vizeir: for the Turke is master of the Sea Pontike, which hauing 2. mouths, the one comming from Propontidis, and the other from the Sea Euxinum, (which is the Blacke sea) is by Ouid called the Port of two Seas, for the distance from Constantinople to Calcedon is but 14. furlongs. And the place which by the ancients is cal∣led Phane, situated in Asia (whereas Jason returning from Cal∣chos

sacrificed vnto the 12. gods) hath in breadth but 10. fur∣longs. But for as much as many great riuers of Asia, & ma∣ny more of Europe, doe fall into the Euxine sea, commonly called the blacke sea; it commeth to passe, that being full, shee gusheth out through the mouth of her with great violence, into the sea Pontique, and from thence through the straight of Hellespont (being not much broader then thrée furlongs) into the Aegean Sea.

This citie (according to the saying of many ancient Authors) was first builded by the Lacedemonians vnder the conduct of their Captaine Pausanias, which was about the yeere of the world 3292. and before the birth of Iesus Christ 663. yeeres; which, after they had consulted with Apollo, where they should plant and settle their abode and dwelling place, they were by an oracle answered, that they should doe it, euen hard by the blind, which were the Megarians, for that, after they were sai∣led into Thracia, leauing the good and fruitfull coast (where since Byzantium was builded) vnaduisedly went and planted themselues, (either for y^• opposition) in the most fruitful ground of Asia, or for the vain hope they had for the fishing; they builded there a Citie, which was called Calcedon. But they found themselues greatly deceiued. For, the fishes being caried by the violence of the floud and tide of the Euxine Sea into Pro∣pontis, approaching néere vnto the Banks of Calcedon, being afraid, through the whitenesse of the rockes, doe retire straight waies to the side of Bizantium, which gaue occasion vnto the valiant Paulanias, to fortifie the Citie with good walles & ram∣piers, changing the first name thereof, which as Plinie saith, was Ligos, and called the same Bizantium.

Notwithstanding, Diodorus & Polybius doe contrarily say, that it was called Byzantium, by the name of a Captaine, which was the first founder thereof. Pausanias (as Zonoras writeth) possessed the same seuen yéeres: during which time, (Fortune shewing her selfe an enemie vnto his magnificence) stuffed the hearts of the Athenians with such an insatiable ambition, that they hauing brought thither their forces, after a long siege, and diuers assaults, did beare away the victorie, which the Lacede

monians seeing could not abide, but with their whole puissance tooke their weapons in hand with such pertinacy, that the ad∣uenture thereof on the one side and on the other, was very dan∣gereous and variable. And being sometimes taken againe by her first founders, and afterwards by her aggressors, became in the end a pray vnto both the armies. And after that, Seuerus succeeding in the R••mane Empire, the tyrant Pissininus, her mortal enemie being in possession, Byzantium suborned the Em∣perour to lay siege vnto the same: who, not hauing sufficient power to ouercome the same by assaults, kept them besieged the space of three whole yéeres, & in the end, through extreame famine, constained them to yéeld themselues vnto the mercy of the Romanes, which was such, that after they had put to the sword all the men of warre that were within it, and killed the Maiestrates thereof, ruined and cast downe to the ground the walles of the Citie: and Seuerus afterwards (to satisfie his cru∣eltie) spoiled the Citizens of all their rights, franchises and liber∣ties; giuing moreouer the Land and possessions vnto the Perin∣thians. And thus, this most famous Citie remained in miserable calamitie, vntill such time as Constantine the great Emperour remouing from Rome, did réedifie the same.

But before I write any thing of the reedifyigns of Byzantium of Constantine the great: giue mee leaue to shew you the cause wherefore Constantine remoued from Rome.

2. Thessal. 2. 7. S. Paul prophesying of the reuealing of Anti∣christ, saith thus: Yee know what withholdeth that he might be reuealed in his time, &c. Which hinderance was the Romane Emperous, which were first to depart from Rome, and giue place to the Popes, because, both Emperours and Popes could not raigne together in one Citie. And that hinderance was ta∣ken away long since, when Constantine the great translated his imperiall Seat to Constantinople, and indowed the Popes with the Citie of Rome, and a great part of Italy lying about it.

The Emperours then being farre off, and (by reason of con∣tinuall warres with Saracens and enemies in the East) notable to maintaine their own right in the West, the Popes incroach∣ed vpon them too far, and vsurped so much authoritie, that they

discarded them cleane in Italy, and at their pleasure set vp other Emperours in the West, but such as would take an oath to bée subiect to the Apostolike Sée of Rome, and acknowledge the Popes to be vniuersall Bishops. So the hinderance was ta∣ken away when Constantine remooued to Constantinople, and Antichrist was manifestly disclosed not long after when Boni∣face the third obtained the title of Vniuersall Bishop, which was 900. yéeres agoe, for (as Gregorie saith) none but Anti∣christ would assume vnto him such a title.

But yet Constantine had no regard to any prophecie, when hée remooued at first from Rome to Byzantium, and there set∣led his Emperiall pallace: but he respected onely a more com∣modious gouernement of those matters and kingdomes of his that lay Eastward, which at that time were miserably disquie∣ted by the Parthians and Persians. For Constantinople did séem to be so situated (whereas otherwise Constantine had once thought to haue setled elsewhere) as that it was (as you would say,) the nauel or middest vnto the whole Romane iurisdiction, which, as we know, spread it selfe farre and néere: and yet it could not possibly otherwise fall out, because that so the Romane Empire might become double headed, & haue those two horns which God before had reuealed. So the prouidence of God gui∣ded this whole enterprise of Constantine, and so fulfilled what himselfe had decréed.

Hereby you may perceiue two causes wherefore Constantine remoued from Rome.

1. The first more secret in the prouidence of God, that the prophecie of the Apostle Paul, 2. Thessal. 2▪ 7. might be fulfilled.

2. The second more publike and better knowen to all, viz. that Constantine the great Emperour of the Romanes, séeking to resist the courses and robberies which the Parthes daily vsed to∣wards the Romanes, deliberated to transport the Empyre into the East parts, and there to build a large Citie: which first hee minded to haue builded in Sardique, and afterwards in Troyada a countrey of high Pmygia néere vnto the cape Sige••, in the place where sometime stood the Citie of Troy, which he began to ree∣difie, and to repaire the foundations thereof. But being by a

Reuelation in the night inspired to change the place, caused to be recommenced the workes of Calcedon, where certaine Ea∣gles (as Zo••arus writeth) being flowen thither, tooke in their bils the masons lines, and crossing the stréete, let them fall neere vnto Byzantium▪ whereof the Emperour being aduertised, ta∣king the same for a good signe and diuine instruction, after hee had taken view of the place, called backe the masters of his workes from Calcedon, caused the City to be repaired and am∣plifyed, which, according to his name, he called Constantinople, notwithstanding that at the first he had called the same new Rome. Whereupon it came to passe, that both in generall Counsels, and in the decrées of Emperours, mention is made of two Romes: one, the olde, which is the true Rome, built by Romulus; the other, the new, which is Constantinople, which also began to hold vp the head, by vertue of the priuiledges and prerogatiues of old Rome.

Constantinople was likewise called Ethuse and Antonie, but by the Grecians Stimboli, and of the Turks Stambolda, which in their language signifieth a large City, and so it is called by them at this day.

The Emperour now seeing his Citie builded and sufficiently peopled, compassed the same with walles, towers and ditches, building therein many sumptuous Temples, adorning it with many magnifique buildings, and necessary works as well pub∣lik as priuate.

And afterwards for the more beautifying thereof, caused to be brought from Rome diuers Antiquities worthy of memorie, and amongst others the Palladium of ancient Troy, that is, the image of P••llas in Troy, which he caused to be set in the place of Placote the great columne of Porphyre which was set vp in the same place. Neere vnto which he caused to be erected a Statue of brasse, to the likenesse of Apollo, of a maruailous bignesse, in which place hee ordained his name to ve set vp. But in the time of the Emperour Al••xis Comine this Statue, through a great and impetuous tempest, was cast down to the ground, and bro∣ken all to pieces.

This Emperour liued there many yéeres most prosperously

in happy estate, as likewise did many of his successours, but not altogether exempted from persecutions, as well by wars, fires, pestilence, earth-quakes, as sundry other calamities, vntill such time as God purposing to punish the people for their sins, through negligence of Emperours, stirred vp Mahomet the se∣cond of that name, and the eighth Emperour vnto the Turkes, who being mooued with an earnest desire to bring the Christi∣ans vnto decay, and thereby to augment his Empire, being be∣yond measure iealous to sée this noble City so florish before his eies, went with a maruellous power both by sea and by land, to giue a furious siege vnto the City: The end and issue whereof was such, that after a long siege, battery, and diuers assaults, the Jnfidels hauing gotten the wals, with a great hurlyburly and fury entred into the city: where at the first entry they made a maruellou slaughter of the poore assieged Christians, without sparing any age or degrée. The Emperour Constantine they kil∣led in the prease, as he though to haue saued himselfe; and af∣ter that they had cut off his head, in derision and ignominy, they carried the same vpon the point of a speare, round about the Campe and City. And afterwards Mahomet not contenting himselfe with the violating and deflouring of the Emperours wife, daughters, and other Ladies of honour, by a sauage cru∣elty, caused them in his presence to be dismembred and cut in péeces. During the time of the sacking (which continued thrée daies) there was no kinde of fornication, Sodometry, sacrilege, nor cruelty, by them left vnexecuted.

They spoiled the incomparable Temple of S. Sophia (which was built by the Emperour Iustinian) of all ornaments and hal∣lowed vessels, and made thereof a stable, and a brodell for bug∣gerers and whores.

This lamentable losse of Constantinople, being chiefe of the Orientall Empire, and likewise of the City of Perah, by the Turkes called Gallata, being the seat of trade of the Geneuoises, lying hard by Constantinople, vpon the other side of the Cha∣nell, was in the yéere of our Sauiour 1453. March 29. (some doe say of Aprill, and others of May) after it had remained vn∣der the dominion of the Christians 1198. yéeres.

But this is a maruellous thing, and worthy to be noted, that Constantinople being reedified and new set vp by Constantine the sonne of S. Helene (whom some report to haue beene an En∣glishwoman borne at Cholchester) after the proportion and like∣nesse of Rome, was by another Constantine, sonne of another Helene, taken, sacked, and brought into the hands of the Turkes, which foreuer is like to be (in the iudgement of man) an irreparable dammage vnto al Christendome. Yet the Turks haue a Prophecie, that as the Empire was gotten by Maho∣met, so by another of that name Mahomet it shall be lost againe.

Mahomet, after hée had thus taken the City, resoluing to kéepe there the seat of his Empire, caused (with all diligence) the wals to be new made, and certaine other ruinated places to be repaired. And in stead of the great number of the people that were there slaine and carried away as prisoners, he caused to be brought thither, out of all the Prouinces and Cities by him con∣quered, a certaine number of men, women, and children, with their faculties and riches, whom he permitted there to liue ac∣cording to the institutions and precepts of such Religion as it pleased them to obserue, and to exercise with all safety, their handicrafts and merchandises; which ministred an occasion vnto an infinite multitude of Iewes and Marannes, driuen out of Spaine, for to come and dwell there: By meanes whereof, in very short time the City began to increase in trafficke, riches, and abundance of people.

This Mahomet was the first founder of the great Seralia (where the great Turke now vsually dwelleth) which he buil∣ded at the entry of the channell, about one of the corners of the City, vpon the Promontorie Chrisoseras, which afterwards by the great Turkes which successiuely haue dwelled there, hath béene greatly beautified and augmented.

He sounded likewise vpon one of the Mounts of the same City, a sumptuous Muskia or Church, with an Amarathe and College, enduing them all with great yéerely reuennues: which is not to be maruelled at, for fortune was so fauourable vnto him, that after he had ruinated the Empire of Constantinople and Trapezonde, he tooke from the Christians 12. Kingdomes,

and 200. Cities; so that, by reason of his great prowesses and Conquests, the name and title of [Great] was giuen vnto him, and to this day remaineth vnto the house of the Ottomans: As the Turke who died about foure yéeres since, was called Sultan Mahomet, the Grand Chan of Turkey, and the fourtéenth of the Line of Ottoman. And his sonne which now raigneth (being not yet aboue twenty yéeres of age) is called Sultan Achomet the fifteenth Grand Chan of the Line of Ottoman: and writeth himselfe also (as his Predecessors haue done) King of the blacke and white Seas, and of the holy Cities Mecha and Ierusalem:

Proijcit ampullas & sesquipedalia verba:

Lofty words he casteth out, And arrogant titles sends about.

Ouer against Constantinople about the Seralia point, on the other side the water, there is another City called Gallata or Pe∣rah, which (in ancient time) was called Cornubizantij. It is a City of great antiquity, builded by the Genoezes. It is called by the Greekes vulgarly Perah, which is a Gréeke word, signi∣fying beyond, because it is situated beyond the Canall. But by the Turkes it is called Gallata.

Of fearfull fires and terrible Earth-quakes, which haue happened within Constantinople.

ZOnoras the Constantinopolitan Historian maketh mention in his Histories, of two fearfull fires which happened vn∣to Constantinople, whereof the first was in the time and Em∣pire of Leon the great, spreading it selfe from the North vnto the South, along by Bosphorus, to wit, the length of one of the Seas to the other, and was so horrible and furious for the space of foure daies, that it deuoured and brought to ashes the whole beauty of the City, namely, the place where the Senate and Citizens (chosen to deliberate vpon common affaires) did as∣semble. There was also burned another princely house, and a

Pallace ioyning vnto the caue or den called Nymphee, and di∣uers other Churches and priuate houses.

The second fire which was in the time and raigne of the Em∣perour Basil, lightned in such sort, that it compassed the market of Copper, and consumed to ashes the houses and stréets therea∣bouts with y^• Pallace, within which was a Librarie of 120000. volumes of Bookes, and the Stature of a Dragon of the length of 120. foot, which was written in letters of gold; the Jlliads, and the Odisse of Homer. And moreouer, burned the most renowned simulachres of Juno, of Samos, of Minerua, of Lynde, of Venus, and of Guide; and finally deuoured the most pleasant places of the Citie.

Héereunto may I adde a third fire which befell the same Ci∣tie Anno Dom. 1607. October 14. wherein were burned 3000. houses together vnder Sultan Achomet, the 15. Grand-Chan of the line of Ottoman, who now raigneth.

Of two fearefull Earth-quakes which hap∣pened to CONSTANTINOPLE.

THE said Zonoras reciteth, that during the raigne of Ana∣stasius chosen vnto the Empire of the East parts, there hap∣pened such a great earthquake, that it ruined euen to the foun∣dations, a great number of buildings, not onely at Constantino∣ple, but likewise in Bythinia, and other places thereabout.

But the last (whereof diuers worthy Authors haue written, namely Munster in his Geographie) was so strange & fearefull for the space of 18. dayes continually, that with horrible feare∣fulnesse & dammage, it cast downe to the ground the walles of the Citie, and all the buildings towards the sea side, and ouer∣threw all the ditches. It did also cast downe the Tower where the Turk kept his munition, with fiue others more. The house of Tribute which stoode néere vnto the walle, was ouer∣throwen euen to the foundation into the sea, with the Leadings of the waters and conduits, which, with incredible expences had beene made to leade the waters out of the Danube into the

Citie, were for the most part broken and bruised. And the chanell which is betwixt Constantinople and Perah was so mo∣ued, that by great surges it cast the water ouer the walles of both the Cities.

But the worst of all was, that more then 13000. persons remained dead on an heape. This great Earthquake happe∣ned in the moneth of September, in the yeere of grace 1509. in the raigne of Baiazeth the second of that name, and the 9. Emperour vnto the Turkes (which succéeded Mahomet the se∣cond) who, with all diligence caused the walles of the Citie to be repaired.

The rest of the noble Antiquities which presently are to be found at Constantinople, are the Hippodrome, which the Turkes doe call Atmaiden, which is the place where in times past the Emperours made the horses to run for the pleasure and dele∣ctation of the people, which beheld the same vpon a stage or theater, which now is altogether ruined. In the middest of this place, was set vp vpon foure bowles of fine marble, a faire O∣belisquie of coloured stone, all of one piece, 50. cubits high, beset with letters Hieroglificke; and néere to it is a great columne, in the which are carued by histories the things memorable, which haue béene done in this Hippodrome.

There is also another great columne néere vnto it of marble, and one of brasse, made by singular arte, in forme of thrée ser∣pents, wroonge one within another. And diuers other Antiqui∣ties which are dispersed in diuers places of the Cities; as, the Palace of Constantine the great, her first restorer, which ioy∣neth vnto the walles néere vnto the corner which is towards the West. The Sepulcher of the same Constantine, which is madeall of Porphyre, being in a corner of a streete, the most filthiest in all the Citie.

And going towards the gate of Seliuree, is to be séene a great Columne of marble, historied after the manner of those of An∣tonie and Adrian which are at Rome.

Moreouer, there are Conduit pipes, and diuers Cesternes vaulted, supported, some by vaults, and other some by a great number of pillers, and diuers other fragments of Antiquities.

There are also two places in Constantinople at this day, like vnto the Exchange in London, called the Bezestan, distinguish∣ed by these names, The old Bezestan, and, The new Bezestan, wherein all sorts of commodities are to be bought, as in the Royall Exchange in London, and greater variety, as veluets, silkes, and sattins, and waste-coats ready made of all sorts of silke, finely quilted and curiously wrought, with curious hand∣kerchiefes of exquisite worke, and many other commodities, which were too long to set downe. But these Bezestans are not open all the day, but at certaine houres, vz. from nine of the clocke in the morning, to three or foure in the afternoone; and not euery day neither, but on certaine daies in the wéeke.

There is also a vsual market in Constantinople, wherein they sell men and women of all ages as ordinarily as we doe cattle in England, which are (for the most part) Christians, such as the Turkes take captiues in Hungarie or other places where they ouercome: Their custome is to make slaues of all they can take aliue, and (at their returne) to sell them in the open market. If Christians be moued in compassion to buy them, because they are Christians, the Turkes will sell them excéeding deare to them, but cheape to a Musslelman (as they call themselues) that is, true beleeuers. But if they cannot get their owne price for them, they will enforce them to turne Turks, and to serue them in all seruile labours as the Israelites did the Egyptians.

Ʋpon the corner of the Citie, which stretcheth towards Gal∣l••poly, neere vnto the sea side, there is a very strong Castle com∣passed with 7. great towers, & enuironed with high and strong walles, well furnished with artillery; which Castle is by the Turkes called Iadicule, but commonly, The seuen Towers. For the kéeping whereof, there is a Captaine called Disdaragla, a man of great reuenewes and Authoritie, which ordinarily hath vnder him 500. dead payes, called Assarelies, which haue all béen Ienesaries, and haue euery one of them for their wages 5000. Aspers by the yeere. And there the great Turke keepeth such Guard, for that he and other Emperours Turkes, his predeces∣sours, haue alwayes there kept the Treasures, & yet the Grand-Sig••ior commeth thither very seldome. This Castle also with

seuen Towers (commonly called The seuen Towers) is a Pri∣son for great men, like vnto the Tower of London.

There are also two other strong Castles which I haue séene towards the Blacke Sea (called Mare Euxinum) wherinto they put prisoners of whom they make great account, and for whom they expect great ransome.

At the Blacke sea we saw Pompeis Piller of marble, erected one a rocky Iland, neere vnto the shoare, whereon some of our company wrote their names, viz. master Robert Yong, Gentle∣man (who also there wrote the name of our noble Prince HENRY)

• Nathaniel Persiuall.
• Iohn Milwarde.
• Thomas Marson, and others.

And on the shoare néere vnto the Blacke Sea, there is a Lant∣horne as high as stéeple, and on the top thereof a great pan of liquor, in darke nights continually burning to giue warning to ships how néere they approach vnto the shoare. For it is a very dangerous shoare, and it is therefore called the Blacke Sea, not because the waters thereof are any whit blacker then others, but from the dangerous euents, because in blacke and darke nights many ships are cast away, rushing either vpon rockes or sands: as the Red Sea also in Egypt is not therefore called the Red Sea, because the waters thereof are redder than others, but (as some thinke) because the waters were turned into blood when Moses wrought miracles before Pharaoh. But this rea∣son I doe not so well approue, because we doe not reade that the sea was turned into blood, but the Riuers, so that they could not drinke of the Riuers, nor the Fish liue therein. But I like better of their iudgement who say it is called the Red Sea, be∣cause of the red grauell and red bull-rushes which still grow in great abundance by the shoare thereof.

The Blacke sea is not farre from Constantinople; for we tooke boat from thence in the morning, and were at the Blacke Sea before noone, & hauing séene Pompeis piller, we went on shoare, and tooke wine and other victuals with vs vp into the Lanthorn and there dined, and returned to Constantinople by Supper time.

My brother Peter Biddulph in right humble manner saluteth you, and that vertuous Gentle-woman your wife. I vnder∣stand by a Letter which I lately receiued from him dated at An∣chona, that he had béene at Rome, in the yéere of Iubile: but at this present he is either in Venice or in some other principal City in Italy, where hée cutteth Diamonds, Rubies, Saphiers, Emrods, and all other sorts of precious stones. I wrote for him to come vnto me to Aleppo in Syria, to bée factor for a worshipfull Mer∣chant of our Company: but he answered me that he had learned not to be another mans man so long as he could be his owne, ac∣cording to that versicle.

Alterius non sit, qui suus esse potest.

that is:

Let not him a mans seruants be, Who can liue well, and may be free.

Whereby I perceiued that his purpose was to follow the trade of a Lapidarie, and buying and selling precious stones, which he buyeth rough and rouged: and when he hath smoothed them, and curiously wrought them, then he selleth them againe. Yet I expect his comming hither before many yéeres be expired: for I vnderstand he hath a purpose to trauell to Spahan in Persia, and to other of the chiefest Cities there to buy precious stones, which are brought thither from India and other places. And his direct way thither is to trauell thorow Siria, and from thence to Baby∣lon in Assyria; wherefore I make account he will visit me in his iourney thither. And I doubt not but hee will salute you with many letters before his departure out of Christendome; for he writeth vnto mee that you by your kindnesse haue bound him vnto you in bond of perpetuall gratefulnesse; which, though he be vnable to requite, yet hée is not vnwilling to record. Hée hath béene in most of the chiefest Cities in Italy, Germany, and the low Countries, and in Geneua, Sauoy, Spaine, and in all the chiefe Cities of France; and is better able to acquaint you with the state of those Countries then I am; to whom I refer you for satisfaction of your expectation therein.

Many other matters I haue to acquaint you withal, concer∣ning the manners, gouernement, Religion and discipline of the

Inhabitants in these Countries: but fearing to bée ouerfedi∣ous vnto you by interrupting your serious affaires with ouer prolire and superfluous writings, I surcease (for pre∣sent) any further to sillicite you. Of the rest, heereafter (if God permit.) If you write héere∣after vnto mee, direct your letters to Aleppo in Syria, for there I hope to bée before your letters can come; and from thence shall you heare from mee.

Interim vale. Sum tuu••, esto meus, saluet vtrum•• Deus.

GVILIELMVS BIDDVLPHVS.

Notes

• The time of the building and repairing of Co••stanti∣nople.
• Why the Me garians are called blind.
• Calcedon was builded by the Megarians.
• Byzanti••m ruined by Se∣uerus the Em∣perour.
• The cause wherefore Constantine remooued from Rome.
• Constantinople is called by the Turkes Stambolda.
• The death of Constantine the Emperor.
• The Temple of S. Sophia was made a stewes.
• The policie of Mahomet.
• Perah or Gallata.
• The Sepul∣cher of Con∣stantine, of Porphyre.
• Bezestan.
• Markets of men.
• Of the seuen Towers.