The theatre of the empire of Great Britaine presenting an exact geography of the kingdomes of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the iles adioyning: with the shires, hundreds, cities and shire-townes, within ye kingdome of England, divided and described by Iohn Speed.

THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION, AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES.

ANtiquity hath auouched, that the whole Isle of Britaine was diuided into three parts. The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas, the Ri∣uers of Seuerne, Dee, and, Humber called then Lhoyger, (which name it yet retaineth in Welsh,) in English, called England. The second part occupied al the land Northward from Humber, to the Orkeney Sea, called by the La∣tines, Mare Caledonium, or Deu∣caledonium, now famously knowne by the name of Scotland. The third part was this, lying betwixt the Irish Seas, the riuers Seuern, & Dee; and vvas called Cambria, which name doth yet continue with them, though wee the English call it Wales; as the people Welsh∣men, which is strange and strangers; for so at this day the dvvellers of Tyroll in the higher Germany, whence our Saxons are said to haue come, doe name the Italian (their next neighbour) a Welshman, and his language Welsh.

(2) This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict, rather * 1.1iudging by the ancient Teutonick tongue, which the Germans spake, & wherin the G. is pronounced for W. that these Saxons called them Gallish fro the Gauls, whence their Originall proceeded, rather then Wallish from strangers: which he thinketh could not bee, considering their habitations so neere vnto them, and that the like vvas in vse hee proueth by the words of French: Gardian for Wardian, Cornu∣galles for Cornwalles, yea, and Galles for Wales, calling our most famous Edward, Prince of Galles, not Prince of Wales; insomuch that the County of Lombardy, bordering along vpon the Germans, was of them called Gallia Cis-alpina, and at this day Welsh▪land: So likewise doe the Netherlanders call the inhabitants of Henalt and Ar∣t••is, Wallen or Wallons, and some parts of Brabant and Flanders, Welsh-Brabant, and Welsh-Flanders, and all because of the language or lineage of the Gaules. Neither doe the meere Natiues of Wales knovv any other name of their Country then Cambria, of themselues then Cambri or Cumri, or of their language then Cambraoc: but lea∣uing this opinion free to his affection vve will proceed.

* 1.2 (3) Wales therefore being anciently bounded as before, the Saxons did afterwards win by force from the Britains, all the plaine and champion Country ouer the riuer Dee, and especially Offa King of Mercia, made their limits straiter, by making a ditch of great breadth and depth, to bee a Meere betwixt his Kingdome and Wales. This ditch is in many places to bee seene at this day, and beares the name of Clawdth Offa, (that is) Offas Ditch. The Country between it and England is commonly called the Marches, and is for the most part inhabited by Welsh-men, especially in North-wales, euen to the Riuer Dee. This admirable trench began at Bassingvverke in Flintshire, betweene Chester and Ruthlan, and ran along the hils to the South sea, a little from Bristow, reaching aboue an hundreth miles in length.

* 1.3 (4) Siluester Giraldus makes the Riuer Wy to bee the Meare be∣tweene Englandand Wales, on the south part called South-Wales: whence hee ascribeth the breadth of Wales vnto Saint Dauids in Meneuia to bee an hundred miles, and the length from Caerleon vpon Vike in Gwentland, to Holly-head in Anglesey an hundred miles, he might haue said thirty more.

* 1.4 (5) About the year of Christ▪ 870. our Alfred raigning in England, Rodericus magnus King of Wales did diuide it into three, Talaiths, Re∣gions or Territories, which were called Kingdomes, whose names both British and English with their seuerall chiefe seates follow.

1 Cwyneth, ENG. North-wa.	chief seats	Aberfraw in Môn. or Anglesey.
2 Powys, ENG. Powys land.	* 1.5 Pengwern, remoued to Mathraual.
3 Dehenbarth, ENG. Southw	Caermardyn, remoued to Dineuowr.

This Rodericus magnus gaue Venedotia, Gwineth or North-wales to * 1.6Anarawd his eldest son, to Cadelh his second, Demetia, Deheubarth or Southwales, and to Meruin his third son▪ Powys.

* 1.7 (6) North-wales had vpon the North side, the Irish se••, from the ri∣uer Dee at Bassingwerke to Aberdyui: vpon the vvest, and South∣west the riuer Dyui, which diuideth it from South-wales, and in some places from Powys land: And on the South, and East, it is diuided from Powys, sometimes with high hils, and sometimes with riuers, till it come againe to the Riuer Dee. It is generally full of hugh mountaines, craggy rockes, great vvoods, and deepe vallies, many straight dangerous places, deepe and swift riuers.

(7) This land was of old time diuided into foure parts, * 1.8Môn * 1.9Aruon, Meryonyth, and y Beruedhwlan, or the middle Country, and each of these were againe diuided into seuerall Cantreues, and they subdiuided into their Cymeden or Commots, wherein wee fol∣low * 1.10that diuision which was in the time of Llewyly•• ••p Gruffin last Prince of Wales, according to a Copie imparted to mee by a Wor∣shipfull friend* and learned Antiquary, as seeming farre more ex∣act * 1.11 then that of *Doctor Powels:

(8) Anglesey the chiefest, is separated from the maine land with the riuer Moena, wherein at Aberfraw was the Princes Court, now a meane village. In this Iland is a faire towne called Beau-marish, and a common passage to Ireland at Caergybi, in English, Hollyh••ad. This Anglesey hath Cantreues and Commots as followeth.

		Aberffraw			Lliuonal l••ion	1
1 Cantrerhi		or		Cwmd.
		Aberffr••,			Mall traeth.	2
					Tal ebolion.	3
2 Can.	Cemais.		Cwmwd.		Twr celyn.	4
					T••ndaethwy.	5
3 Can.	Rossir.		Cwmwd.		Moenai.	••

* 1.12 (9) Aruon the second part of North-wales, is now called Carnaruon∣shire, the strongest Country within that Principality, giuing place to none for fertility of the ground, or fot plenty of wood, cattle, fish & foule, &c. Here are the Towns of Caernaruon, in old time called Caer-Segont, and Bangor the Bishops See, with diuers other ancient Castles, and places of memory. This portion hath on the north, the sea & Moenai, vpon the East and South-east, the riuer Conwy, which diui∣deth it from Denbigh shire: and o•• the Southwest is separated from Merioneth, by riuers, mountaines and Meares, whose Cantreues, and Commots are these.

				Llechredd achaf.
4 Can.		Aber.	Cwm.	Nant conwy.	7
				Llechwedisaf.	8
					9
				Vwch gwyrfai.	10
5 Can.		Aruon.	Cwm.	Is gwyrfai.	11
		Dinodyn.		Ardudwy.	12
6 Can.		al.	Cwm.
	—	D••••odi••.		Efi••••yd.	13
				Cymymae•• alias
				Cwmdinam.	14
7 Can.		Llyn,	Cwm.	Tiullaen.	15
				Canologi••n.	16

(10) Merioneth was the third part of Gwyneth, & keepeth the name till this day: is full of hils, and much noted for the resort of peo∣ple * 1.13that repaire thither to take herrings: vpon the north it hath Ar∣uon, and Denbighland, vpon the South, Ca••rdigenshire, and vpon the East, Montgomerishire, heretofore part of Powys. In this Countie standeth the Towne of Harleth, and a great lake called Llyn Tegyd. This Country is likewise full of Cattle, Fowle and Fish, and hath in it great store of redde Deete and Roes, but there is much fearsity of corne, whose Cantreds and Commots are as followeth.

	Merionyd		Taly bont.	17
8 Can.	als.	Cwm.	Pennal.	1••
	Meiri••••.		Y••tymaner alias.	19
			eshemaneyr
			Vwch coed.	20
9 Can.	Arwystly.	Cwm.	Is coed.	21
			Gwarthrynion.	22
			Vwch•• Meloch.	23.
10 Can.	Penllyn.	Cwm.	J•• Meloch.	24
			Micnynt, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Micn••int.	25

* 1.14 (11) ••. Y Beruedhwlad was the fourth part of Gwyneth, and may be called in English, The middle Countrey: Is enclosed with Hills, on the East, West, and South-parts, and vvith the Sea Northward. It is plentifull of Cattell, Fish and Fowle, as also of Corne: and is diuided in the middest, vvith the Riuer Clwydl, to which runne a number of other Riuers from the Hills. In this part is Dyffryn Clwyd, the fai∣rest Valley vvithin Wales conteining * 1.15eighteene miles in length, and seuen in breadth. In which is the Towne and Castle of Ruthlan neere vnto the Sea; and not farre thence S. Assaph, an Episcopall Seat, be∣tweene the Riuers Clwyd and Elwy: heerein stands the faire Towne and goodlie Castle of Denbigh, situated vpon a Rocke, the greatest Market Towne of North Wales: and from thence is seene the Towne and Castle of Ruthyn, faire for prospect, and fruitfull for fire. This part of North Wales, hath the Sea vpon the North: Dee toward the East: Aruon, the Riuer Conwey, and M••rionyth, vpon the West; and the Countrey then called Powys vpon the South. It hath Cantreues and Comm••ts, as insuing.

	Rhyf••ni••e		Vwch aled	26.
11 Can.	al	Cwm.		al ale••h.
	Rhywyniawe		i•• aled	27.
			H••raeth••••	28.
12 Cant.	Ystrat.	Cwm.	cy••••••irch	29.
			Vwch dulas	30
13 Can.	Rhos.	Cwm.	J•• dulas	31
			Yerendyn	32
14 Can.	dyffrynn.	••leion, ••ls Cw••wt ••••lian vel Col••igion.	33
		Llan art••, ••ls. cwmwt 〈◊〉〈◊〉.	34
Clwyd.	Cwm.	Ruth••n.	35
		dogseilyn addit••r Cwm. Ystr••t.	3••.
		cwn••lls, als cwmwt cwm seled,
15 Can. Tegaingl. Cwm.	or c••w••syll••	37.
Inglefeild in Flint.	preststum als cwmwt prestan	38.
	••hudlan.	39.

And these were the meres ••••d bounds of the foure parts of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Gwi••eth, or North Wales.

(12) The second Talaith or Kingdom, was Mathra••al or Powis, To this belonged the Countrey of Powis, and the land betweene Wy and Seauer••. It had South Wales, vpon the South, & West, with the * 1.16Riuers Wy, and Tywy, and other Meer••s: vpon the North, Gwy••eth▪ and vpon the East, the Marches of England, from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Wy, a lit∣tle aboue Hereford. This part was diuided into Powis Vadoc, Powis betweene Wy and Seuerne, and Powis 〈◊〉〈◊〉. In Powis Vadoc is

[illustration]

[illustration]

WALES

[illustration]

BANGOR▪

[illustration]

S•• DAVIDS

[illustration]

S^t. ASSAPH

[illustration]

〈…〉〈…〉

[illustration]

• BEAUMARIS
• CARNARVAN
• HARLIEG
• CARDIGAN
• PENBROK
• CARMARTHEN

[illustration]

• DENBIGH
• FLINT
• MONTGOMERY
• RADNOR
• BRECKNOK
• CARDIFE

THE SCALE of MILES

Cum Privilegio. 1610. Performed by ••••HN SPEED,

and are to be sold by I•••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and George Humble in Po•••••• h•••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉

the Castle of Holt in Bromefeild, and the Castle of Chirke in Chirkeland: * 1.17The Castle likewise of Whittington: the Lordship of Oswestrie with o∣thers. It had Cantreues and Commots, as followeth.

1	Can.	Y. Barwm.	Cwm.	Dinmael.	1
Edeirnion	2.
Glyndyvyrdwy	3.
2	Can.	Y. Rhiw.	Cwm.	Jal.	4.
Ystrat alun	5
Yr bob	6.
3	Can.	Vwch▪ nant.	Cwm.	Maelor gymraci	7.
Maelor saesonec	8.
Merfford, in Flintshir	.9
4	Can.	Trefred,	Cwm.	croes vain	10.
treu Owain	11.
croes oswall.	12
5.	Can.	rhoyader.	Cwm.	Mochnāt is rhayadyr	13
Cynllai••h.	14
Nanheudwy.	15

* 1.18 (13) The second part of Powis, or the territorie belonging to Mathraual, is Powis betweene Wy and Seuerne, (or Gwy and Hauren) whereof some is at this day in Montgomery-shire, some in Radnor-shire and some in Brecknock-shire▪ and among sundrie other, hath these Townes and Castles following.

Mountgomery: The Castle of Clyn: The Tovvne of Knighton: The Castle of Cymaron: Presteyn: The Towne and Castle of Radnor called in Welsh Maesyuet, which is at this day the Shire-Towne: The Town of Kinton, and the Castle of Huntingdon. The Cantreues and Commots, are in number and name as ensueth.

				Ceri.	16
6	Can.	Melienyd.	Swyd d••gr als seyd y. gre.	17
	Cwm.			Triallall•• als Rhy wallakt▪	18
				Glyn Ieithion	19
7.	Can.	Elfael.	Cwm.	Ʋwch mynyd.	20.
Js mynyd.	21
Llechdyunoc	22
8.	Can.	Y. Clawd.	Cwm.	Dyffryn Tyvediad als Teyveydiat.	23
Swyd dinogion als dhynogen	24
Penwellt.	25
9	Can.	Buellt.	Cwm.	Swyd y drevlys.	26
Swyd y bham	27
Is yrron al. isyrwon.	28

* 1.19 (14) The third part belonging to Mathraual (chiefe seat of Po∣wys, after the Welsh were driuen from Pengwern or Shrewsburie) was Powys Wenwinwyn; a Countrey full of Woods, Hills, and Riuers, ha∣uing in it among others, the Townes of Welsh-poole, Newtowne, Mac∣hinlhaeth. Arustly was anciently in this part, but afterward it came to the Princes of Gwyneth. The Cantreues and Commots thereof ensue.

10.	Can.	Y. Virnwy.	Cwm.	Mochnant vwcbrhayadr.	29
Mechain is coed.	30
Llanner hudol.	31
11	Can.		Cwm.	Dendwr.	32
ystlys als	Gordwrisabh.	33
yst••ic	Gordwr vcham.	34
	Ystra•• marchell.	35
12	Can.	Llyswynau.	Cwm.	Caer Sinion.	36
Mechain Vwch coed.	37
13	Can.	Cydewen.	Cwm.	Cynan.	38
Hauren.	39
14	Can.	Cynan.	Cwm.	Cyfeili••c.	40
Mawdwy.	41

This may suffice, for the description of that which in old time was called Gwyneth and Powys.

* 1.20 (15) It now remaineth that wee describe the last Kingdome of Wales, called Demetia, Deheubarth, or the Talaith of Dineuowr, which although it was the greatest, yet was it not the best, because it was much molested with Flemings and Normans, and for that also diuers parts thereof would not obay their Prince, as in Gwent, and in Mor∣ganwc.

* 1.21 (16) This was diuided into sixe partes, of which Caerdigan was the first, and is a champion Countrey without much wood. It hath Merionyth-shire on the North: part of Powys vpon the East: Carmar∣den-shire, and Pembroke-shire, with the Riuer Tiui, vpon the South: and vpon the West the Jrish Sea. In this part is the Towne of Caerdi∣gan * 1.22vpon Tiui, not farre from the Sea; as also the Towne of Aberstwyth vpon the Riuer Istwyth and Lhanbadarneuawr, which in times past was a great Sanctuarie: there were also many Castles; as of Stratmeyrie; of Walter; of Lhanrysted; of Dynerth; and of Aber Roydoll, &c. The Cantreues and Commots of Caerdigan, are thus reckned.

1	Can.	Pennedic als	Cwm.	Geneur gly••	1.
Penwedic	Perfed.	2
	Cr••udyn.	3
2	Can.	Canawl.	Cwm.	Mefenyd.	4
Anhin••aw•• als Anbuno••	5
Pennarth.	••
3	Can.	Cadell als	Cwm.	Mab wynion.	7
Cadall.	Caerwidros	8
4	Can.	Jsirwern als	Cwm.	Gwinionyd.	9
Syrwen	Is coed.	10

* 1.23 (17) The second part was called Dyuet, and at this day Pen∣broke-shire. It hath vpon the North and West, the Irish Sea; vpon the East Carmarden-shire; and vpon the South Seuerne: There are in it sundry Townes and Hauens, among others these: Penbrooke: Ten∣by: Hereford West, with the goodly and many branched Hauen of Milford, called in Welsh Aberda••gledhett: S. Dauids or Meneuia, which is the chiefest See in Wales: Fiscard called Aberwayn: and Newport named Tresdaeth. The Cantre••es and Commots thereof, are thus ac∣counted.

				Vwch cuch.	6
		Dyued.	Js cuch.	7
1	Can.	Emlyn.	Cwm.	Efael leua••thyr, als Leth••thyr.	8
2	Can.	Aberth.	Cwm.	Penthyn ar elais.	9
Esgair olyse als esterokf.	10
Talachain	11
3	Can.	Dangledeu.	Cwm.	Amgoed.	12
Pennant.	13
Efelffre.	14
4	Can.	Coed.	Cwm.	Llanhacháden.	15
Castell gw••s.	16
5.	Can.	Penvro.	Cwm.	Cóedir háf.	17
Maenor vyrr.	18
Penuro.	19
6	Can.	Rhos.	Cwm.	Hwlfford.	20
Castell gwalchmai.	21
y garn.	22
7	Can.	Pebidiaw.	Cwm.	Mynyw	23
P••ncaer.	24
Pebidioc.	25
8	Can.	Cemais.	Cwm.	Vwch neser.	76
Is nefer.	27
Trefdráeth.	28
9	Can.	Finior.	Cwm.	Harfryn.	29
Der••ed.	30
Is geneny.	31

* 1.24 (18) The third part was Caermarden-shire, which is a Countrey accounted the strongest part of all South-Wales: as that which is full of high mountaines, great vvoods and faite riuers, diuided into these parts ensuing.

10	Can.	Phinioc.	Cwm.	Hirf••yn.	32
Perued.	33
Js cenhen.	34
11	Can.	Eginoc.	Cwm.	Gwhyr.	35
Cydwel••.	36
Carnwyllion.	37
12	Can.	Bychan.	Cwm.	Mallaen.	38
Caed.	39
Maenor deivi als Deilo.	40
13	Can.	Mawr.	Cwm.	Cethi••ioc.	41
Mab ••luyd als Elfyw.	42
Mab V••bdrud.	43

(19) The fourth called Morganw••, now Glamorganshire, hath on the South, the Seauern sea, which diuideth it from Deuonshire & Corne∣wall: * 1.25vpon the West, and North-west, Carmardenshire: vpon the Northeast, Brecknockshirē, and vpon the East, Moumouthshire: whose Cantreues and Commots are as followeth.

14			Cwm.	Rhwng Neth a Thawy.	44
	Morgannwe.	Rhwng Neth ac ••ua••.	45
Cronertb.	Tir yr hwndred.	46
als	Tiryr Iarll.	47
Cronartb.	Macnor glyn Ogwr.	48
15	Can.	Pen. ythen.	Cwm.	Me iscen.	49
Glynn Rhodne.	50
Maenor dal y vā als talauā	51
Maenor R••uthu••.	52
16	Can.	Brenhinawl.	Cwm.	Cibwrn.	53
Sainghenyd.	54
Vwch Cayach.	55
J•• Cayach.	56
17	Can.	Gwennllws.	Cwm.	Yr Haid, als yr hard ganol.	57
Cenawl.	58
Cit••af, als eithaf dylygion.	59
Edlygton.	60

(20) The fifth now called Gwent and in Monmouth▪shire, hath in it the ancient Citie of Caerlheon vpon Ʋsk. There are also diuers * 1.26Townes and Castles, as Chepstow, Glynstrygul, Ros, Tynterne vpon the Riuer Wy, &c. This is a faire and fertile Countrey. It hath on the West Glamorgan, and Brecknocke-shires: vpon the North Hereford-shire: vpon the East Glocester-shire: with the Riuer Wy and the Riuer Seuerne vpon the South and South-East: whose diuision is as follow∣eth.

18	Can.	vch coet gwent.	Cw.	Ʋwch mynyd.	61
Js coed.	62
Llefy nyd.	63
Tres y gruc.	64
19.	Can.	Iscoed.	Cwm.	Bryn Bugaf.	65.
Vwch coed.	66.
Ytairlief.	67.
Ergin.	68
E••as.	69
	Cantreu Coch or Forrest Auen••, the Forrest of Deane.	70

* 1.27 (21) The last is Brecknockshire, for the most part full of mountaines, woods and riuers. This Country is both great and large, being ful of faire plaines and vallyes for corne: it hath plentie of thick woods forrests and Parks. It is full also of cleere and deepe riuers, of which Seuerne is the chiefest. Although there be other faire riuers as Vske and the like.

		Brycheeuioc.
20	Can.	Selyf.	Cwm.	Selyf.	71
Trabayarne	72
21	Can.	Canawl.	Cwm.	Talgart••	73
Ystrat yw.	73
Eglwys Iaiil or Brwynllys	74
22	Can.	Mawr.	Cwm.	Tir Ra••wlff als Raulph.	76
Lliwel	77
Cru•• Howel 30.	78

(22) Thus farre concerning the ancient Welsh diuision by Talaith••, Cantreues, and Comeds; but the present diuision, distributeth them more compendiouslie into two Countries, and tvvelue Shires, ena∣cted so by Parlament vnder King * 1.28Henrie the eight; the Countries are Northwales and Southwales (which haue shared, and as it were deuou∣red betweene them, all Powys-land) each of which Countries con∣taines sixe Shires.

NORTHWALES.	Anglesey.	SOVTHWALES.	Caerdigan.
Caernaruon.	Pembroke.
Merionyth.	Carmarden.
Denbigh.	G••amorgan.
Flint.	Brecknocke▪
Mōtgomery	Radnor.

But whereas Monmouth-shire, and Radnor, were ancientlie parts, the first of South-Wales, the other of Pewys-land: Monmouth▪shire by * 1.29Act of Parlament also vnder the same King, was pluckt away wholy from Wales, and laid to England, one of whose Counties and Shires, it was from that time forward, and is at this present reckned; and Radnor-shire (as it were in lieu thereof) is comprehended in Southwales. Hum∣phrey Hluyd a Welsh Gentle-man, in his Epistle and Map of old Wales, maketh mention of a West-Wales, which he calleth Demetia and Dyf••••, the one the Latine and the other the British name thereof: but be∣cause it is wholly svvallowed vp by this last diuision, wee will not per∣plexe the Reader with superfluous and impertinent recitalls.

PEMBROKE-SHIRE.

CHAPTER III.

* 1.30 PEMBROKE-SHIRE, the furthest Promontorie of all West-Wales, lieth parted on the North from Cardigan-shire with the ri∣uers Tyuy and Keach, and on the East is confronted by Caermarden-shire; the South and West shooting farre into the Irish-Seas, is with the same altogether washed.

* 1.31 (2) The forme therof is longer then it is broad; for from Saint Gouens South-point to Cardigan-bridge in the North, are twenty six miles; the Easterne Lande∣nie to S. Dauids point in the West, are twenty; the whole in circumference is ninety three miles.

* 1.32 (3) The aire is passing temperate, by the report of Giraldus, who confirmeth his reason from the site of Ireland, against which it butteth, and so neere ad∣ioined, * 1.33 that King Rufus thought it possible to make a Bridge of his Ships ouer the Sea, whereby hee might passe to Ireland on foot.

* 1.34 (4) Anciently it was possessed by the Demetia, further branched into Cardigan and Caermarden-shires as in that County hath beene said, and in the Saxons Conquests and Heptarchie, by the Britaines forced into * 1.35those parts for refuge, whither Henry the First, and third of the Normans King, sent certaine Flemings (whose Country was ouerwhelmed with the break∣ing in of the Seas) to inhabit the maritime Tract cal∣led Rosse, lying West vpon the Riuer Dougledye. These Dutchmen (saith Giraldus) were a strong and stout Na∣tion, inured to warres, and accustomed to seeke gaine by Clothing, Traffique, and Tillage, and euer readie for the Field to fight it out: adding withall, that they were most loyall to the English, and most faithfull to the English-men. Whereupon Malmesbury writeth thus: Many a time did King William Rufus assaile the Welsh, but euer in vaine: which is to be wondred at, considering his other fortunate successe. But (saith he) it may bee the vneuennesse of the ground, and sharpnesse of the aire, that maintained their courage, and impeached his valour: which to redresse, King * 1.36Henry his brother found meanes; for those Flemings, who in regard of his mothers kindred by the fathers side, sorely pestred and endammaged the English, hee sent into Wales, both to purge and disburden his owne Kingdome, and to quell and keepe backe the courage of his enemies. These then heere seated, deceiued not his expectation, but so carried themselues in his quarell▪ that they seldome communicated with their neighbours, so that to this day they speake not the language, and the Country is yet called Little England beyond Wales.

* 1.37 (5) The commodities of this Shire are Corne, Cattle, sea-fish, and fowle, and in Giraldus his daies of saleable wines, the Hauens being so commodious for Ships arriuage: such is that at Tenby, and Milford, an Hauen of such capacitie, that sixteene Creekes, fiue Bayes, and thirteene Roades, knowne all by seuerall names, are therein contained, where Henry of Rich∣mond, of most happy memorie, arriued with signall hopes of Englands freedome from vnder the gouern∣ment of an vsurping Tyrant.

* 1.38 (6) Neere vnto this is Pembroke the Shire-towne seated, more ancient in shew then it is in yeeres, and more houses without Inhabitants, then I saw in any one City thorowout my suruey. It is walled long∣wise, and them but indifferent for repaire, containing in circuit eight hundred and fourescore pases, hauing three Gates of passage, and at the West end a large Castle, and locked-causey, that leads ouer the water to the decaied Priorie of Monton. The site of this Towne is in the degree of Longitude, as Mercator doth measure, 14. and 55. minutes, and the eleuation from the North-pole in the degree of Latitude 52.

* 1.39 (7) A Citie as barren is old Saint Dauids, neither clad with Woods, nor garnished with Riuers, nor beautified with Fields, nor adorned with Meadowes, but lieth alwaies open both to winde and stormes. Yet hath it beene a Nurserie to holy men; for herein liued Calphurnius, a Britaine Priest, whose wife was Concha, sister to Saint Martin, and both of them the parents of Saint Patricke the Apostle of Ireland. Deui a most religious Bishop, made this an Archiepiscopall See, remooued from Isca Legionum. This the Britains call Tuy Dewy, the house of Deui; the Saxons, Dau•••• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, we Saint Dauids: a City with few Inhabi∣tants, and no more houses then are inserted in the draught; yet hath it a faire Cathedrall Church dedi∣cated to Saint Andrew and Dauid, in the middest of whose Quire lieth intombed Edmund Earle of Rich∣mond, * 1.40father to K. Henry the seuenth: whose Monu∣ment (as the Prebonds told mee) spared their Church from other defacements, when all went downe vn∣der the hammers of King Henry the eighth. About this is a faire wall, and the Bishops Palace all of free stone, a goodly house I assure you, and of great receit, whose vncouered tops, cause the curious workes in the walles daily to weepe, and them to feare their downfall ere long.

* 1.41 (8) But Monton the Priorie, and S. Dogmels, places of deuout pietie erected in this Countie, found not the like fauour, when the commission of their disso∣lutions came downe against them, and the axes of de∣struction cut downe the props of their walles.

(9) This Shire hath beene strengthned with six∣teene Castles, besides two Block-houses, commanding the mouth of Milford Hauen, and is still traded in fiue Market-townes, being diuided into seuen Hundreds, and in them seated one hundred forty fiue Parish-Churches, as in the Table annexed followeth.

[illustration]

PENBROKSHYRE described AND THE SITTUATIONS both of PENBROKE and S^t. DAVIDS shewed in due form as they were taken by John Speed

• Wil. Marshall E. 2.
• R. C. Strongbow E. 1
• Lawrence Hastings. 4
• Will Valen••r E. 3
• Wil. de la Poole Marque. 6
• Iohn D. of Bedford E. 5.
• Iasper Hatfeild E. 7.
• Will. Herbert E. 8
• Ed. Prince of Wales 9.
• Anne Bolleyne Marchioneste
• Wil. Herbert Erl. 11

[illustration]

PENBROKE

The Scale of Pases.

[illustration]

SAINT DAVIDS

The Scale of 〈◊〉〈◊〉

London. 1610. Cum Privilegio. Performed by Iohn Speede.

And are to be solde in Pop••s head alley by John Sudbury and George Humbell, at

The Scale of Myles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and Places mentioned in Pembroke-shire.

HVNDREDS in Pembroke-shire.

• 1. KIlgarran.
• 2. Kemes.
• 3. Dewyslaue.
• 4. Dongledy.
• 5. Rowse.
• 6. Narbarth.
• 7. Castle-Martyn.

A

• Ambleston, Doug.
• Amrothe, Narb.
• S. Anne chappell, Rows.
• S. Ayluew, Dew.

B

• Bayuill, Kem.
• Benton castell, Rows.
• Bigelly, Nar.
• The Bishop and his Clarks, Dew.
• Bletherston, Dou.
• Blookhouse, Cast.
• Blookhouse, Row.
• Bobeston, Ner.
• Bolton hill, Row.
• Bosherston, Cast.
• Boyuill, Kem.
• S. Brides, Row.
• S. Brides Island, Row.
• Broad hauen, Cast.
• Brody, Dew.
• Brydell, Kil.
• Bulston, Doug.
• Burlaxton, Cast.
• Burton, Row.

C

• Caldey Island, Cast.
• Camros, Row.
• Cannaston, Nar.
• Capell colman, Kil.
• Capell Kiluewir, Kil
• Capell castlehan, Kil.
• Capell Michangell, Kem.
• Capell daniells, Cast.
• Capell Gorid, Dew.
• South Carew, Cast.
• Carew, Nar.
• Castlebighe, Kem.
• Castle-henty, Kem.
• Castle-martin, Cast.
• Castle▪male, Kem.
• S. Catherins, Dew.
• Clarbeston, Doug.
• Cleydei, Kil.
• Clethy flu.
• Clothy flu.
• Coidrath forrest, Nar.
• Coidhenles, Nar.
• Cosheston, Cast.
• The Cowe and the Calfe, Dew.
• Creno, Nar.
• Creswell, Nar.
• Crosford, Cast.
• Crunuaier, Nar.
• Crynowe, Doug.

D

• Dale, Row.
• Dale rocke, Row.
• S. DAVIDS, Dew.
• S. Dauids head, Dew.
• S. Dogmells, Kem.
• S. Dogwells, Dew.
• Doluath hauen, Dew.
• Dungledye flu.
• Dynas, Kem.
• Dynas head, Kem.
• Dynnaston, Nar.

E

• Earware, Nar.
• S. Edryns, Dew.
• Egremond, Nar.
• Egloiswithen, Kem.
• Eglosserow, Kem.
• S. Eluywes, Dew.
• Esington, Cast.

F

• Ferye house, Cast.
• FISHGARD, Kem.
• The Fleete, Cast.
• S. Florens, Cast.
• The Flit, Cast.
• Flymston, Cast.
• Freistrope, Row.
• Fresh-water, Cast.
• Fresh-water flu.

G

• Gateholme Island, Row.
• Gelswicke, Row.
• Giltor point, Cast.
• Goltop rode, Row.
• S. Gowers, Cast.
• S. Gowers point, Cast.
• Graftone, Dew.
• Gromsfreston, Nar.
• Gupton, Cast.
• Gwyne flu.

H

• Haiscastle, Dew.
• Haradstone, alias S. Ismaells, Row.
• Harbreston, Row.
• Hareston west, Row.
• Harismote, Kem.
• Hascard, Row.
• Little Hauen, Row.
• HAVERFORD WEST, Ro.
• Hentland, Cast,
• Hockwood, Row.
• Hogeston, Cast.
• The Horse, Dew.
• Huberston, Row.

I

• Iameston, Cast.
• Iohnson, Row.
• Iordanston, Dew.
• Iesfreston, Nar.
• S. Ismaells, Row.
• S. Issells, Nar.

K

• S. Katerens rocke, Cast.
• S. Katterns, Dew.
• Keach flu.
• Kerikmale, Cast.
• Kerikmahern, Cast.
• Keuen bryn, Kil.
• Kilguyne, Kem.
• Killgarran, Kil.
• Kilpaston, Cast.
• Kilredin, Kil.
• Kiluane, Nar.
• Kingsrode, Row.
• Knowlton, Row.

L

• Lady chappell, Cast.
• Lamston, Row.
• Llanbederuerfrey, Nar.
• Llandeloy, Dew.
• Llandewy, Nar.
• Llandisillio, Doug.
• Llandilo, Kem.
• Llanedryn, Dew.
• Llangan, Doug.
• Llanglas head, Dew.
• Llangolman, Kem.
• Llangone, Row.
• Llanhaddon, Doug.
• Llanhowell, Dew.
• Llanllawharne, Kem.
• Llanpeter, Nar.
• Llanrythan, Dew.
• Llanryan, Dew.
• Llanstadwell, Row.
• Llanstynan, Dew.
• Lantfray, Cast.
• Llantfray court, Cast.
• Lantood, Kil.
• Llanuair nantygoue, Kem.
• Llanuallteg, Doug.
• Llanuienaghe, Kem.
• Llanuihangell penpedo, Kil.
• Llanunda, Dew.
• Llanuurnach, Kil.
• Llanwrenny, Nar.
• Llanychaeth, Kem.
• Llanychlloydog, Kem.
• Llanykeuen, Doug.
• Lamphey, Cast.
• Lamston, Row.
• Lawhaden, Doug.
• Lawreny, Nar.
• S. Lawrence, Dew.
• S. Leonards chapell, Do.
• Letterston, Dew.
• Leuaston, Cast.
• Loueston, Nar.
• Ludchurch, Nar.
• Ludsop, Cast.
• Ludsop point, Cast.
• Lynyerew, Cast.
• Llysyuran, Doug.

M

• Maenclochog, Kem.
• Manachllogddy, Kem.
• Mauerbyre, Cast.
• Manernawen, Dew.
• S. Margrets chappell, Row.
• Marlas, Row.
• Martletwy, Nar.
• Meherye hill, Nar.
• Meherye castell, Nar.
• Melyney, Kem.
• Menerdyuy, Kil.
• Merian, Cast.
• Mewston, Row.
• Milford hauen, Row.
• Midlan Island, Row.
• Moelgroue, Kem.
• Monington, Kem.
• Morthry, Dew.
• Moruill, Kem.
• The More, Kem.
• Mouncton, Nar.
• Mouncton, Cast.
• Mukton chappell, Nar.
• Munkeston rocke, Nar.
• Mynwere, Nar.

N

• Nangle, Cast.
• Nantgwyne, Kem.
• Narberth, Nar.
• Narberth forrest, Nar.
• Nashe, Cast.
• Nesseton, Row.
• Neuerne flu.
• Neuerne, Kem.
• Newcastell, Kem.
• Newmoate, Doug.
• NEWPORT, Kem.
• Newton, Row.
• Newton, Cast.
• Newton, Nar.
• S. Nicholas, Dew.
• Nolton, Row.
• S. Nones, Dew.
• Northard, Cast.
• Northard, Cast.

O

• Orleton, Cast.
• Osmaston, Doug.

P

• Paterchurch, Cast.
• Penallye, Cast.
• PENBROCK, Cast.
• Pencellyvychen, Kem.
• Penkenmas point, Kem.
• Penner west, Cast.
• Penner east, Cast.
• Penner mouth, Cast.
• Penrith, Kil.
• Pentuaen, K••m.
• Percely hill, Kem.
• S. Petrox, Cast.
• Pickton castell, Doug.
• Plumston rocke, Row.
• Pontuaine, Kem.
• Popton east, Cast.
• Popton west, Cast.
• Portolais, Dew.
• Pouchardston, Kem.
• Prendergast, Doug.
• The Priory, Row.
• Pulchrochan, Cast.
• Pylles, Row.

R

• Ramsey Iland, Dew.
• Rate Island, Cast.
• Redboxton, Dougle.
• Red castell, War••.
• Redhart, Nar.
• Rednalston, N••r.
• Rieston, Dew.
• Rihye rocke, Dew.
• Rise castell point, Doug.
• Robeston, Nar.
• Robeston, Row.
• Roche, Row.
• Roche castell, Row.
• Roche castell hill, Row.
• Roscrochan, Cast.
• Rosse Market, Row.
• Rynoston, Doug.
• Rywalton, Nar.

S

• Sandy, Row.
• Sandy hauen, Row.
• Scaline Island, Row.
• Shepe Island Row.
• Shirlate, rocke Dew.
• Sister houses, Nar.
• Slebeche, Doug.
• Spittell, Dou.
• Stack rocke, Cast.
• Stackpole, Cast.
• Stackpoole orde, Cast.
• S. Steuens, Dew.
• Steynton, Row.
• Stokeholme Island, Row.
• Strumble head, Dew.

T

• Talbeny, Row.
• Templeton, Nar.
• Trauegare, Dew.
• Trelloyne, Cast.
• Treuenyth, Dew.
• Treuethell, Kem.
• Trewgarne, Row.
• Trewent, Cast.
• S. Twynelles, Cast.
• TYNBY, Nar.
• Tyuy flu.

V

• Vggarston mill, Cast.
• Vpton, Nar.

W

• Wallwyn castell, Row.
• Walton, Row.
• Walton, Doug.
• Whitchurch, Kem.
• Whitechurch, Dew.
• Whitsand bay, Dew.
• Williamston, Nar.
• Wiston, Doug.
• Withamston parke, Nar.
• Woram, Cast.
• Wrennyuair hill, Kil.

Y

• Yarbeston, Nar.
• Yardlanstone, Row.

CAERMARDEN-SHIRE.

CHAPTER IV.

* 1.42 CAermarden-shire, so called from the chiefe Towne Caer-marden, lieth borde∣red vpon the North with Cardigan-shire; vpon her East, by Brecknock and Gla∣morgan-shires; vpon the South, with a Bay of the British Seas; and vpon the West with Pembrookeshire.

* 1.43 (2) The forme of this County is long, and shoo∣teth it selfe from the South-west into the North and by East, betwixt whose furthest bounds are thirty fiue English miles, and in her broadest part twentie; the whole in circumference about one hundred and two miles.

* 1.44 (3) This Shire is not altogether so pestred with hilles as her bordering neighbours are: and those that she hath, neither so high nor so thicke, and therefore is better for Corne and Pasturage, yea and in Woods also, so that for victuals this Country is very well sto∣red, which the stomacke doth as well disgest, the aire being wholesome, temperate, and pleasing.

* 1.45 (4) Anciently these parts were possessed by the Dimetree, as Ptolemie, Gildas, and Ninius doe name them: though Plinie holds opinion that they were part of the Silures, with whom no doubt they were * 1.46subdued to the Romans yoke by Iulius Frontinus, when he struggled with the rockie Hilles in those Southerne parts. And this County is accounted by Writers to be the very strength of South-wales. In the West there∣of at Kilmanlloid (as it should seeme) their Legions kept, where lately an earthen Pot hoarded with store * 1.47of Roman Coines, was by the spade digged vp, being stamped vpon imbased siluer, from the time of Com∣modus vnto the first Tribuneship of Gordian the third, which fell in the yeere of Christ two hundred fortie three: and amongst these were the Coines of Heluius Pertinax, Marcus Opellius, Antonius Diadumenianus, Iu∣lius Verus Maximus, the sonne of Maximus, of Caelius Balbinus, of Clodius Pupienus, of Aquilia Seuera, the wife of Heliogabalus, and of Sall. Barbia Orbiana, peeces rare∣lie found.

* 1.48 (5) The Commodities of this Shire chiefely consist in Cattle, Pit-coale, Fowle, and Sea-fish, where∣of the Salmon is common among them, and that of such greatnesse and plentie, as no place is bet∣ter furnished therewith then the Shire-towne Caer∣marden is.

* 1.49 (6) Which Towne by Ptolemie is called Maridu∣num; by Antonine the Emperour, Muridunum; by the Britaines, Caer fridhin; and by vs, Caermarden. It is pleasantly seated vpon the South-west side of the Ri∣uer Touy, that runneth thorow the middest of this Shire, and falleth South from hence into the British Sea, where before times was a conuenient Hauen for Ships arriuage, but now is sore pestred with Sands and Shelfs: notwithstanding some small Vessels ascend vp the Riuer euen vnto the Bridge of this Towne, which is fairely built of free stone. And ouer the same vpon a hanging Rocke, standeth a very large Castle, from whose stone-wall another intermingled with Bricke rangeth about the Towne, being in circuit one thousand and foure hundred pases. The Inhabitants of this place doe not a little glory of their Merlin, who (as they say) was therein borne, the sonne of a badde Angell, or of an Incubus spirit, the Britaines great Apol∣lo, whom Geffrey ap Arthur would ranke with the South-saying Seer, or rather with the true Prophets themselues; being none other then a meere Seducer * 1.50and phantasticall Wizard: which howsoeuer Alani de Insulis in his Commentaries hath labored to vnlocke those darke and hidden Similies, wherwith his booke is pestred and full, yet was it not without cause forbid the reading by the Councell of Trent, as vaine, and not worthy of countenance or credit.

At the entrance of the Normans, this Towne was brought vnder their obedience, and for a long time was distressed with the calamities of warre, yet after∣wards was made by the English Princes the Chauncery and Exchequor for all South-wales: and at this day is yeerely gouerned by a Maior, who euer after is an Al∣derman and Iustice of the Peace, two Sheriffes elected out of sixteen Burgesses, all of them in skarlet, a Sword∣bearer, a Towne-clerke, and two Sergeants with Maces: from whence the Pole is raised 52. degrees 15. minutes in Latitude, and for Longitude is in the degree 15▪ and 30. minutes from the first point in the West, accor∣ding to Mercator.

* 1.51 (7) East from this place are the Ruines of Carreg-Castle, which stood mounted on a high hill, vnder the which many vaults and spacious Caues farre into the ground are seene, wherein is thought the people vna∣ble to fight, were therein secured in time of their wars. Where also is a Well (take the report from Giraldus who writeth it) that in this place twice in foure and twen∣tie houres ebbing, and twice flowing, resembleth the vnsta∣ble motions of the maine Sea.

* 1.52 (8) This Shire is watered with twenty eight Ri∣uers and Riuerets of name, strengthned with ten Ca∣stles, traded in six Market Townes, diuided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are seated fourescore and seuen parish-churches, whose names are inserted in the Ta∣ble following.

[illustration]

CAERMARDEN Both Shyre and Towne described

Anno Domini 1610

[illustration]

CAERMARDEN

A Scale of Pases

• A. The Priory
• B. Priory Stret
• C. S. Peters stret
• D. S. Peters Church
• E Water stret
• F Spilmans stret
• G. Kings stret
• H High stret
• I S Maries stret
• K Key stret
• L The Key
• M The Castell.

Performed by John speede

And are to be sold in popes head alley against the exchāge by John sudbury and George Humble.

THE SCALE OF MILES

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Caermarden-shire.

Hundreds in Caer∣marden-shire.

• 1. CAthinok.
• 2. Cayo.
• 3. Perueth.
• 4. Kidwellye.
• 5. Elluet.
• 6. Derllys.

A

• Abarmarlas, Cayo.
• Abergerlech, Cathinol.
• Abergwillye, Elluet.
• Aberwenly, Kidwell.
• Amond Flu.

B

• Bachhannis Island, Kidwell.
• Bettus, Kidwell.
• Bettus, Elluet.
• Brane Flu.
• Brechua ygothy, Cathing.

C

• CAERMARDEN Elluet.
• Caier Flu▪
• Calicote point, Kid.
• Cardyth Forest, Derllys.
• Castle Ca••reg, Kidwell.
• Carthkenye Flu.
• Cledagh Flu.
• S. Cleres, Derll.
• Combeny Flu.
• Comgwilye, Elluet.
• Conwill Eluet, Elluet.
• Conwillgaio, Cayo.
• Cothy Flu.
• Cowen Flu.

D

• Deneuer Castle, Cayo.
• Capell Dewye, Kidwell.
• Dulas Flu.
• Dulas Flu.
• Dalashe Flu.
• Druston Castle, Cayo.
• Capell Duthgye Kid.
• Castle Dyram, Derlly.

E

• Ebernant, Elluet.
• Egermont, Derl.
• Eglosuaier aching, Derll.
• Eglosuaier, Derll.
• Eglyskymyn, Derll.
• Capell Euan, Elluet.

G

• Glanranelthe, Elluet.
• Glyn, Kidwell.
• Golden groue, Kidwell.
• Capell Gunllo, Kidwell.
• Gwendrath vaure Flu.
• Capell Gwenvye Kidwell.
• Gwilye Flu.

H

• Hawton, Kidwell.
• Heullan amgoed, Derll.

I

• S. Ismaels, Kid.
• S. Ismaels poynt, Kid.
• Istrad merther, Kid.
• Istradworell, Elluet.
• Istradwalter, Perue.
• Istrodfyne, Perue.

K

• Keach Flu.
• Kennarth, Elluet.
• KIDWELLYE, Kid.
• Kiffike, Der.
• Kilcombe, Cayo.
• Kilmaenlloid, Der.
• Kilredyn, Elluet.
• Kilsant, Der.
• Kiluargon, Cathin.
• Kilycon, Cayo.

L

• Llanarthney, Kid.
• Llanbrayne, Perue.
• Llanboydy, Derl.
• Llanbyther, Cathin.
• Llandach, Derl.
• Llandebea, Kid.
• Llandebye, Kid.
• Capell Llandedery, Kidwell.
• Llandessillio, Derl.
• Llandilo Iskenen, Kidw.
• Llandingate, Perue.
• Llandingat in Cayo, Cayo.
• Llandeuaylog, Kid.
• Llandeuayson, Cayo.
• Llandylo in Peruethe, Peruet.
• Llandylo abercowen▪ Derl.
• LLANDILO IN CAYO, Cay.
• Llanedye, Kid.
• Llanegwad in Cathinok, Cathin.
• Llanegwad in Elluet Elluet.
• Llanellye, Kid.
• LLANELTHYE, Kidw.
• LLANGADOKE, Per.
• Llangainge, Derlys.
• Llangann, Der.
• Llangather, Cathin.
• Llangathan, Cayo.
• Llangeller, Elluet.
• Capell Llangellbithon Kid.
• Llangenarth, Kid.
• Llonghor Flu.
• Llanglodwen, Der.
• Llangomer, Kid.
• Llangynn, Der.
• Llangynderum, Kid.
• Llangynnok, Der.
• Llanharne, Der.
• Llanhedy, Derl.
• Lllanllawthog, Elluet.
• Capell Llanlloch, Elluet.
• Llanllonye, Cathin.
• Capell Llanpymsent, Cayo.
• Llanpympsaint, Elluet.
• Llansadorn, Per.
• Llansadornen, Derl.
• Llansant, Kid.
• Llansawill, Cayo.
• Llanstephan, Der.
• Llantharoke, Kid.
• Capell Llanthithgayne, Kid.
• Llanthonor, Der.
• Llanthowie, Peru.
• Llanthoysant, Peru.
• Llannun, Kid.
• Llanvairarbryn, Per.
• Llanuaier, Der.
• Llanualteg, Der.
• Llanuenith, Cathin.
• Llanvyhangell Abercowen, Derl.
• Llanvyhangell Orarth, Cath.
• Llanvyhangell Aberbythyth, Kid.
• Llanwenye, Derl.
• Llanwrda, Cayo.
• Llanwnnyo, Der.
• Llanycrise in Cayo, Cay.
• Llanycrois in Cathinok, Cathino.
• Llanyhangel vgwely, Elleu.
• LLANYM THEFRY, P.
• Llanyhangel Roscorne, Cathing.
• Lleghdeny, Kid.
• Lloynhowell, Cayo.
• Lloughor Flu.

M

• Marlas Flu.
• Marros, Derlys.
• Mathern Flu.
• Merthyr, Elluet.
• Morlas Flu.
• Mothvay, Peruet.
• Muthve•• Flu.
• Mydrym, Derl.

N

• Newcastle Emlyn, Elluet.
• Newchurch, Elluet.
• Capell Newith, Perueth.
• Newton, Cayo.
• S. Nicholas, Elluet.

P

• Parkreame, Kid.
• Penbray Poynt, Kid.
• Penbeyr, Elluet.
• Penbrey, Kid.
• Capell Pencader, Cathi.
• Pencarrek, Cathin.
• Pendyne, Der.
• Penwernolye, Cathin.
• Pescotter Flu.
• Prenagrois, Kid.
• Capell Pylin▪ Perueth.

S

• Sauthey Flu.

T

• Taue Flu.
• Talacouth, Elluet.
• Talley, Cayo.
• Towa Flu.
• Towy Flu.
• Towy hauen, Derl.
• Trausnant Flu.
• Treleghe, Elluet.
• Trynsaren, Kid.
• Turch Flu.
• Turghe Flu.
• Tylo, Kid.
• Tyvy Flu.

W

• Whitland, Derl.

GLAMORGAN-SHIRE, * 1.53as some thinke named from Prince Morgan the possesser thereof, or ac∣cording to others, is taken from Morgan an Abbey, founded by William Earle of Glocester, vpon the Sea∣shoare in the South of this Shire, lieth bounded vp∣on that part altogether with the British Sea; the West by Loghor, is parted from Caermarden-shire; the North butteth vpon the Countie of Breknok; and the East by Remney is diuided from Monmouth.

(2) The forme of this Shire groweth still wider * 1.54from her West-point, spreading her broadest touch in the East, betwixt which extreames I finde by measure to be well neere forty English miles, and from North to South, not altogether twenty. The whole in cir∣cumference, about one hundred and twelue miles.

(3) The Aire is temperate, and giues more con∣tent * 1.55to the mind, then the Soile doth fruit or ease vn∣to Trauellers. The hils being high and very many, which from the North notwithstanding are lessened as it were by degrees; and towards the Sea-coasts the Country becommeth somewhat plaine, which part is the best both for plenty of Graine, and populous Inhabitants. The rest all Mountaine, is replenished with Cattell, which is the best meanes vnto wealth that this Shire doth afford; vpon whose Hils you may behold whole Heards of them feeding; and from whose Rocks, most cleere springing waters through the valleys trickling, which sportingly doe passe with a most pleasant sound, and did not a little reuiue my wearied spirits among those vast Mountaines, imploi∣ed in their search: whose infancie at first admitted an easie step ouer; but growne vnto strength more boldly forbad mee such passage, and with a more * 1.56sterne countenance, held on their iourney vnto the British Seas: and Taue among these is accounted for a chiefe.

* 1.57 (4) Vpon whose fall, and East-banke, the fairest Towne of all South-wales is seated. The Britaines Ca∣erdid, the English Caerdiffe, which Fitz-Haimon forti∣fied with a Wall and Castell, in the raigne of King Rufus, when he and his Norman Knights had ouercome Rhese the Prince of these parts, and thrust out Iestine from his lawfull possession. This Towne he made his owne Seat and Court of Iustice, enioyning his Con∣sorts to giue aid to this honour, and to hold their por∣tions in vassalage of him. Strong was the Castell, as by the trust therein reposed may well appeare, where the * 1.58 youngest brother Beauclark kept captiue the eldest Curthose, both of them sonnes to the Conqueror, the space of twenty six yeeres. This Castell is large, and in good repaire, whence the Towne-wall went both South and East to the Riuers side, thorow which, foure gates enter into the foure windes, and containe in compasse nine hundred & twenty pases; and along the riuer (a sure defence) vpon her West side three hundred more; so that the Towne containeth in Cir∣cuit twelue hundred and fourscore pases. But as the Taue is a friend to the Town, in making a Key for ar∣riuage of shipping; so is she a foe to S. Maries Church in the South, with vnderminig her foundations, and threatning her fal. The Town is gouerned by a Maior, yeerly elected out of twelue Aldermen, assisted with other twelue Burgesses, a Towne-Clerk, foure Con∣stables and two Sergeants with Mace: whose site is * 1.59obserued from the North-Starre to lie in the degree of Latitude, 51. and 49. Scruples; and from the first point in the West. 16. and. 52. Scruples.

* 1.60 (5) In the same Graduation almost is sited the Citie Landaf, wherein is a Castell and Cathedrall Church, dedicated to Saint Telean, Bishop of the same, without any other memorable matter worthy the speaking of.

* 1.61 (6) But things of strange note are these, by the re∣port of Giraldus, who affirmeth that In a Rocke or ••liffe * 1.62vpon the Sea-side, and Iland Barry lying neere the South-East point of this County, is heard out of a little Chinke (let him take heed what he saith) the noise as it were of Smiths at their worke; one whiles the blowing of Bellowes to increase the heat, then the stroakes of the Hammer, and sound of the Anuile; sometimes the noise of the Grind-stone in grinding of Iron tooles; then the hissing sparks of Steele gads, as they flie from their beating, with the puffing noise of slames in a Furnace. And whether this is the place whereof Clemens Alexandrinus speaketh, I determine * 1.63not; where in his writings hee hath these words: I hey that haue recorded Histories (saith he) doe say that in the Ile of Britaine, there is a certaine Hole or Caue vnder the bottome of an Hill, and on the top thereof a gaping Chincke, into the which, when the wind is gathered and tossed to and fro in the wombe or concauitie thereof, there is heard aboue a sound of Cymbals; for the wind being driuen backe from his hole, is forced to make a loud sound at her vent.

(7) More Westward from hence, vpon the Riuer Ogmore, & neere vnto Newton, in a sandy plaine about an hundred pases frō Seuerne, there springeth a Well, * 1.64though not of the cleerest water, where at the flow∣ing and fulnesse of the Sea, can hardly any water be gotten; but at the ebbe and fa••l of tide, it walloweth vp amaine. The cause may be, as Polybius reports of * 1.65the like at Cadys; Wherin the windy aire, whē it is depriued of his wonted issues, forcibly returneth, shutting and stop∣ping vp the passages and veines of the Spring, whereby the waters are kept in. But contrariwise, whē the surface there∣of is void and empty of water, the veines of the Source or Spring, are vnstopped and set free, which then boileth vp in great abundance.

* 1.66 (8) And vpon the same shoare more North and by West, on the top of a hill called Minyd-Margan, is erected a Monument inscribed with a strange Cha∣racter, and as strange a conceit held thereof by the by∣dwellers, whose opinions are possessed, that if any man reade the same, he shall shortly after die.

This Shire, as it is the furthest Coast of South-wales, and lay open to forraine inuasion, so was it fortified with twenty fiue stronger Castels, whereof times and stormes haue deuoured the most: such were Barry, * 1.67Saint Doneits, Denispowis, Morlashe, Meneshe, Loghor, Llanddeny, Llanquian, Oxwich, Oystermouth, Ogmor, Pile, Porkery, Pennarth, Winston, Newcastle, Caerfly, Coche, Pe∣ullyn, Kethligarne, Kenfeage, Tallauan, Treer and Cothy.

Neither was the County so ill seated for sufficien∣cie of life, or barren of Graine, but that therein were planted places for diuine pietie: such were Neath, * 1.68Margan, and Caerdif, besides the Episcopall See of Landaf: which last still remaineth; the other three sup∣pressed among the fall of their like, vnder King Henry the eighth.

* 1.69 This Shire is diuided into ten Hundreds, wherein are seated six Market-Townes, and one hundred and eighteene Parish-Churches, as in the Card and Table annexed, more at large appeareth.

[illustration]

GLAMORGAN SHYRE With the sittuations of the cheife towne CARDYFF and ancient LANDAFFE described.

[illustration]

CARDYFE.

• A. Smithes stret
• B. Shomakers stret
• C. West Stret
• D. Back stret
• E. Hummanbye stret
• F. S^t. Iohns stret
• G. High stret
• H. North stret
• K. Working stret
• L. Porrag stret
• M. Frogg Lane
• N. S^t. Iohns Church
• O. Castell Lane
• P. Towne howse
• Q. Duke Stret
• R The pootes Releife.

THE SCALE OF PASES

[illustration]

LANDAFFE

Performed by Iohn Speede.

And are to be solde in Popes head alley again•••• the Exchange by Iohn Su••bury and George Humbell Cum Privigio.

Anno Dom. 1610

The Scale of English miles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and Places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire.

HVNDREDS IN Glamorgan-shire.

• 1. Swanzey.
• 2. Llangeuelach.
• 3. Neath.
• 4. Newcastle.
• 5. Llantrissent.
• 6. Caerfily.
• 7. Ogmor.
• 8. Cowbridge.
• 9. Denispowys.
• 10. Cardif.

A

• ABERAVON, Neat.
• Aberdare, Llant.
• Aberpi••gum, Neath.
• Aberthawe east, Denisp.
• Aberthowe west, Cowbr.
• S Androwes, Denis.
• Arthu••s Bu••s hill, Llant.
• Saint A••hon, Cowbrid.
• Auon Flu.

B

• B••chhannis Island, Swan.
• Backinston, Swan.
• Baglane, Neath.
• Barry, Denisp.
• Barry Iland, Denisp.
• Bettus Chapell, Newcast.
• Beueerton, Cowbrid.
• Bewpeere, Cowbridg.
• Bishopston, Swan.
• Boulston, Denis.
• Capell Brathteare, Caerf.
• Bredruckun, Denis.
• Parke Br••wis, Swan.
• Saint Brides great, Ogmor.
• Saint Brides the lesse, Ogmor.
• BRIDGEND, Newc.
• Saint Brides vpon Elay Denis.
• Brytton ferry, Neath.
• Burra Flu.

C

• Cadoxton, Denis.
• Cadoxton, Neath.
• Caerfilly Castle, Caerf.
• Canton, Cardif.
• Capell Krenant, Neath.
• CARDIFE, Cardif.
• Carnllayd, Denis.
• Cayreh, Cardif.
• Cheryton, Swan.
• Clase, Llange.
• Clemen••son, Ogmor.
• Cledaugh Flu.
• Cledaugh Flu.
• Coche Castle, Ca••rf.
• Coidfranke Forest, Llan.
• Co••dmerchan Parke, Denisp.
• Cog, Denis.
• Cogan, Denis.
• Coganpill, Denis.
• Coston, Denis.
• Cowlston, Ogmor.
• COWBRIDGE, Cow.
• Coytie Castle, Newcast.
• Coytchurch, Newcast.
• Cunnon Flu.

D

• Denispowis Castle, Deni.
• S. Donetts Welsh, Cowbr.
• Saint Donetts, Ogmor.
• Dr••druckan, Denis.
• Dreergusse, Denis.
• Dulishe Flu.
• Dunrauen, Ogmor.

E

• Eghhelolid, Denis.
• Egloisbrywis, Cowbr.
• Egloissilan, Caerfil.
• Elay Flu.
• Elay, Denisp.
• Ewenny Flu.

F

• Saint Fagans, Denisp.
• Faldray, Caerf.
• Flimston, Cowbridg.
• The Friers, Cardi.
• Funtgar, Denisp.
• Funnum, Denisp.

G

• Saint Georges, Denisp.
• Gilston, Cowbridg.
• Capell Glodis, Caerf.
• Glyncorruge, Neath.
• Gwennowe, Denisp.

H

• Hawood aport Chapell, Newca.
• Saint Hillary, Cowbrid.
• The Holme, Swan.

I

• Jllston, Swan.
• S Iohns, Swan.
• Istradouodock, Llant.
• Jstradowen, Cowbrid.

K

• Kanfigg Castle, Newcast.
• Kelligare, Caerf.
• S. Kenettes Chapell, Swan.
• Kethligarne Castle, Ogm.
• Keuenmable, Card.
• Kilibebyth, Neath.
• Kilvay, Swan.
• Knellston, Swan.
• Capell Krenant, Neath.

L

• Laleston, Newcast.
• Lamadoke, Swan.
• Llanbeder ynro, Denisp.
• Llanbethery, Denisp.
• Lanblethran, Cowbrid.
• Lancaruan, Denisp.
• Lancod, Denisp.
• Landaph, Cardi.
• Llandilotalibout, Llang.
• Llandewy Castle, Swan.
• Llandogh, Cowbrid.
• Llandough, Denisp.
• Landow, Ogmor.
• Landeuodock, Ogmor.
• Llandydock, Newcast.
• Lanederne, Cardif.
• Langan, Ogmor.
• Llangenyth, Swan.
• Llangeuelach, Llang.
• Llanginor, Ogmor.
• Llangoned, Newcast.
• Llangug, Llang.
• Langwick, Llan.
• Llangibach, Llang.
• Llangyneware, Newcast.
• Lanhary, Cowbrid.
• Lanharan, Cowbrid.
• Llanihangell, Cowbrid.
• Llanihangle, Denisp.
• Lanissen, Cardif.
• Llanmadok, Swan.
• Lannaes, Cowbrid.
• Llannyenwere, Swan.
• Llanquian Castle, Cowb.
• Llanriden, Llang.
• Llanrydien, Swan.
• Lansamlett, Llang.
• Lansannor, Cowbrid.
• Llantrissent, Llant.
• Lantrithed, Denisp.
• Lantroitt Vairdrey, Llant.
• Lantwit, Cowbrid.
• Lantwyt, Neath.
• Lanva••on, Caerf.
• Lanvedowe, Caerf▪
• Llanverock point, Denisp.
• Lanwuo, Llant.
• Llanyhangell, Denisp.
• Llanyhylotalibout▪ Swa.
• Llanyltiduandray, Llant.
• Llanylted, Neath.
• Lanylyd, Cowbrid.
• Leckwith, Denisp.
• Lisuaure, Cardif.
• S. Lithams, Denisp.
• Louchor castle, Swan.
• Louchor, Swan.
• Lloynigrat, Card.
• Lyfwerney, Cowb.
• Llystalabout, Cardif.

M

• Marcroes, Ogm.
• S Mary Church, Cowbr.
• S. Maries hill, Ogm.
• Margaiu, New.
• Michalaston, Swan.
• S Michael, Denisp.
• Michellston vp∣on Auon, Neat.
• Michelston in the pit, Deni.
• Michellston vp∣on Elay, Denis.
• Mychelston, Cowbrid.
• Meneche Castle, Denisp.
• Merther Mawre, Ogm.
• Mertherdeuan, Denisp.
• Merthir, Caerf.
• Morgan, Newcast.
• Morlashe Castle, Caerf.
• Moulton, Denisp.
• Mumbles poynt, Swan.

N

• Nashe little, Cowbrid.
• Nashe great, Cowbr.
• Nashe poynt, Cowbr.
• NEATH, Neath.
• Neath vauchan Flu.
• Neath Abbey, Llang.
• Newcastle, Newcast.
• Newton Welsh, Cowbr.
• Newton Nottage, Newc.
• S. Nicholas, Denisp.
• S. Nicholas Towne, Swa.
• Nolton, Newcast.

O

• Ogmore Flu.
• Ogmore Castle, Swan.
• Oystermouth Castle, Swan.
• Oystermouth, Swan.
• Oxwiche, Swan.
• Oxwiche Castle, Swan.
• Oxwich poynt, Swan.

P

• Pendoyloni, Cowb.
• Pengwerne, Swan.
• Penmaen, Swan.
• Penmarke, Denisp.
• Pennarth Castle, Swan.
• Pennarth point, Denisp.
• Pennarth poynt, Swan.
• Pennarth, Denisp.
• Pennarth Baye, Denisp.
• Pennarth, Swan.
• Penrees, Swan.
• Penthery, Llang.
• Pentrich, Llant.
• Peterston on the Mount, Ogmor.
• Peullyn, Ogmor.
• Pile, Newcast.
• Porteynon, Swan.
• Portkirig, Denisp.
• Preterston vp∣on Elay, Denisp.

R

• Radyre, Llant.
• Remgedro glytach, Llang.
• Resowlay, Neath.
• Reynalston, Swan.
• Rompney Flu.
• Rosyll••, Swan.
• Roth, Cardif.
• Rowse, Denisp.
• Ruddrye, Caerfil.

S

• The Spittle, Cardif.
• Sully, Denisp.
• SWANZEY, Swan.
• Swanzey poche, Swan.
• Syly, Denisp.
• Sylye Island, Denisp.

T

• Tallauant Castle, Cowbr.
• Talygarn, Llant.
• Taue Flu.
• Theuan, Caerfil.
• Thule Flu.
• Tilcot, Card.
• Tithegstowne, Newcast.
• Towye Flu.
• Treer Castle, Cowbr.

W

• Walterstown, Denisp.
• Webley, Swan.
• Wenny, Ogmor.
• Wenuor, Denisp.
• West-Gower, Swan.
• Whitford poynt, Swan.
• Whitchurch, Caerfil.
• Whitchurch, Cardif.
• Wicke, Ogmor.
• Winston Castle, Denisp.
• Worleton, Denisp.
• Wormeshead poynt, Swan.

Y

• Ycheloley, Denisp.
• Ystradowen, Cowbr.

MONMOVTH-SHIRE.

CHAPTER VI.

MOnmouthshire from Mon∣mouth * 1.70Towne, and that from Monnowe water bea∣ring name, is altogether inclosed on the North, & is separated from Hereford∣shire with the same Riuer, vpon the East, both it and * 1.71Wye diuides this Countie from Glocester-shire. The South-side wholly is washed by the Seuerne Sea, and some of her west part by Rempney is parted from Gla∣morgan, and the rest lieth bordered vpon by Breknock∣shire.

* 1.72 (2) The forme thereof is scallop wise, both long and broad, shooting her North point to Llantony, and her South to the fall of Rempney, betwixt which two are twenty foure English miles; And from Chepstowe East, to Blanagwent West, are not altogether nine∣teene: the whole in circuit draweth somewhat neere to seuenty seuen miles.

* 1.73 (3) The aire is temperate, healthfull and cleare, the soile is hilly, wooddy, and rich, all places fruitfull, but no place barren. The hilles are grased vpon by Cattle and sheepe, the vallies are laden with corne & grasse, neuer vngratefull of the Husbandmans pains, * 1.74nor makes frustrate his hope of expected increase; whose springs abundantly rising in this County with many streames, doe fatten the soile euen from side to side.

* 1.75 (4) Anciently the Silures inhabited this Shire, whose chiefe City by the Emperour Antonine is named Venta * 1.76Silurum, by the Welsh Caer-went, and was by Ta∣thaie the British Saint, made an Academie, and a di∣uine place for worship. So likewise Caer-lion now, once Isca, was, where the second Roman Legion called Au∣gusta lay, as by their Coines, Altars, Tables, and In∣scriptions there found, and daily therein digged vp, doth euidently appeare▪

* 1.77 By the report of Giraldus, in this Citie was the Court of great Arthur, whither the Romane Embassa∣dors resorted vnto him, and as Alexander Elsebiensis writeth, therein was a Schoole of two hundred Phi∣losophers, * 1.78skilfull in Astronomie & other Arts. Which is the more credible, for that Amphibalus, S. Albans in∣structer, was therein borne, and Iulius and Aaron, two noble Proto-Martyrs of great Britaine, in this City re∣ceiued the Crowne of Martyrdome, where their bodies were also interred. But as all things finde their fatall periods, so this Citie for Beautie▪ Circuit, and Mag∣nificall respect is laid in the ruins of her owne decay; neither may any more lament the losse of glorie then Monmouths Castle, which Captiue-like doth yeeld to * 1.79conquering time. Her downe-cast stones from those lofty Turrets doe shew what beautie once it bare, standing mounted round in compasse, and within her walles another mount, whereon a Towre of great height and strength is built, which was the birth∣place of our Conquering Henry the great triumpher ouer France, but now decaied, and from a Princelie * 1.80Castle, is become no better then a regardles Cottage. In this Towne a beautifull Church built with three Iles is remaining, and at the East end a most curious∣ly built (but now decaied) Church stands, called the Monks Church: In the Monasterie whereof, our great Antiquarie Geffrey, surnamed Monmouth, and Ap Ar∣thur, wrote his History of Great Britaine: whose paines as they were both learned & great, so haue they bred great paines among the learned, both to defend and to disproue. The Townes situation is pleasant and good, seated betwixt the Riuers Monnowe and Wye: three gates yet stand, besides that Tower or Locke of the Bridge, and a Trench or tract of wall running be∣twixt them on each side downe to the Riuer, con∣taining in circuit about eight hundred pases. The Towne is in good repaire and well frequented, go∣uerned by a Maior, two Bayliffes, fifteene common Counsellers, a Towne-clerke, and two Sergeants for their attendance. It is in Latitude remoued from the Equator 52 degrees, & 8 minutes, and from the west point of Longitude is set in the degree 17, 36 min.

* 1.81 Religious houses erected & suppressed in this Shire for greatest account haue beene in Caer-lion, Chepstow, Gold-clifte, Monmouth and Llantony; which last stood so solitary and among hilles, that the Sunne was not seene to shine there, but onely betwixt the houres of one and three.

* 1.82 This Shire is strengthened with fourteene Castles, traded with sixe Market Townes, diuided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are situated one hundred twentie and seu••n Parish Churches, and is not accounted a∣mong the Welsh-shires, being subdued by Henry the se∣cond, who passing the Nant Pen-carne, a small Brooke and of no danger, yet held fatall by the Welsh, ouer∣credulous to a prophecy of Merlin Siluester the Bri∣tish Apollo; who had foreshewed that when a stout & freckled fac'd King (such as Henry was) should passe ouer that Ford, then the power of the Welsh-men should bee brought vnder; whereby their stout cou∣rage was soone abated, and the whole county the soo∣ner in subiection to the English. The names of the places in this Shire are expressed in a Table, alpha∣betically gathered in the page insuing, vpon the rest of this Mappe.

[illustration]

THE COUNTYE OF MONMOUTH wih the sittuation of the Shire-towē Described Ann 1610

[illustration]

MONMOUTH

• A S Thomas Chu
• B S. Tho. Stret
• C Monmeth Stret
• D The Bayley
• E The Castel
• F Buchers Rowe
• G S. Maryes ch.
• H Monkes church
• I Monk Stret
• K Monks Gate
• L Whit crose stret
• M Dixtons Gate
• N Wye Bridg
• O Wy Brid ward
• P The market hous••
• Q The old wall

THE SCALE OF PASES

[illustration]

TRIUMPHER OVER FRANCE KINGE HENRY 5. THE GREAT

Anno Domini 1610 Cum Privilegio Regis. Performed by Iohn Speede.

and are to be solde in Popes head Alley. against the Exchange. by Iohn Sudbury. and Georg Humble.

The Scale of English miles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Monmouth-shire.

Hundreds in Mon∣mouth-shire.

• 1. BErgaueny Hund.
• 2. Skenfrith.
• 3. Vske.
• 4. Ragland.
• 5. Caldicott.
• 6. Wenlooge.

A

• ABERGIVENNEW, Berg.
• Abernsteth, Berg.
• Saint Aruans, Caldic.
• Auon, Flu.

B

• Bassaleg, Wenl.
• Basaleck, Wenl.
• Bedwes, Wenl.
• Bedwellty, Wenl.
• Bettus, Ragl.
• Bettus, Wenl.
• Bettus Chapell, Berg.
• Wealch Bicknor, Sken.
• Birthin, Flu.
• Blanagwent, Wenl.
• Blorench Hill, Berg.
• Saint Bride, Cald.
• Saint Bride, Wenl.
• Bryngwyne, Ragl.
• Bysheton, Cald.

C

• Caierwent, Cald.
• Caldicote, Cald.
• Carewent, Cald.
• CARLION, Vske.
• The Chappell, Berg.
• Chappelhill, Sken.
• Chappelhill, Sken.
• Charston Rock, Cald.
• Chepstowe Parke, Cald.
• CHEPSTOW, Cald.
• Christchurch, Cald.
• Cledagnvagh, Flu.
• Clitho, Ragl.
• Coeedkernew, Wenl.
• Colbroke, Berg.
• Connyoy, Berg.
• Coumcaruon, Sken.
• Coydkirne, Wenl.
• Creke, Cald.
• Crindye, Wenl.
• Crucorne, Berg.

D

• Denny Island, Cald.
• Dewston, Cald.
• Dyngestowe, Ragl.
• Dynham, Cald.
• Dyxston, Sken.

E

• Ebwith Vawre, Flu.
• Ebwith Vauchan Flu.
• Erles Wood Cald.

F

• Fidan, Flu.

G

• Goldecliffe, Cald.
• Goldecliffe Rocke, Cald.
• Goldecliffe Point, Cald.
• Goyttren, Berg.
• Lyn Goyde, Berg.
• Gracedue, Ragl.
• The Grange, Cald.
• Grenefeld Castle, Wenl.
• Grysmond Castle, Sken.
• Gwarneaolepa, Wenl.
• Gwernesseny, Ragl.

H

• Herdwicke, Berg.
• Heullis, Wenl.
• Howicke, Cald.
• Hothny, Flu.

I

• Saint Ielian, Cald.
• Iston, Cald.
• Itton, Cald.

K

• Kebby, Flu.
• Kylgeden, Berg.
• Kemis, Cald.
• Kemis Comaunder, Berg.
• Kenueny, Flu.
• Kilgoruck, Sken.
• Kirten Beacon, Wenl.
• Kyllcornell, Berg.

L

• Llanarth, Berg.
• Llanbadock, Vske.
• Llanbed, Cald.
• Llandenny, Ragl.
• Llanaferyng, Berg.
• Llandeuaige, Cald.
• Llandeguith, Vske.
• Llandilobatthale, Berg.
• Llandogo, Sken.
• Llanfoyst, Berg.
• Llangattokelenyg, Berg.
• Llangattock Vi••anauell, Sken.
• Llangattock Vibonauell, Sken.
• Llangattock, Berg.
• Llangeby, Vske.
• Llangevye, Ragl.
• Llangevew, Vske.
• Llangewa, Sken.
• Llangiby, Vske.
• Llangomes, Ragl.
• LLANGOVEN, Sken.
• Llangston, Cald.
• Llanhenoch, Vske.
• Llanhithell, Berg.
• LLANHYLETHE, Wenl.
• Llanllowell, Vske.
• Llamnerton, Cald.
• Llannoyth, Sken.
• Llannyhangell, Berg.
• Llannyhangell Veddo Wenl.
• Llanouer, Berg.
• Llan-pyll, Sken.
• Llansanffred, Berg.
• Llanssey, Sken.
• Llantheruell Chapell, Wenl.
• Llanthenyrytherch, Berg.
• Lanthewye, Vske.
• Llanthen, Berg.
• Llanthewy Retherch, Berg.
• Llanthewy Steride, Berg.
• Llantilio Grossmont, Sken.
• Llantony, Berg.
• Llantrishen, Vske.
• Llanvaier, Cald.
• Llanvaghes, Cald.
• Llanuaner Chapell, Sken.
• Llanvapley, Berg.
• Llanueghavan, Vske.
• Llanveyre, Berg.
• Llanvihangell, Cald.
• Llanvihangell, Berg.
• Llanuihangell Tormenith, Sken.
• Llanuihangell, Berg.
• Llanuihangell, Ragl.
• Llanvitheryn, Berg.
• Llanvreghvaye, Vske.
• Llanwaren, Cald.
• Llanwenarth, Berg.
• Llanyhangell Tonney groyse, Wenl.
• Llanyssen, Sken.
• Llyn Goyde, Berg.

M

• Maghan, Wenl.
• Magor, Cald.
• Malpas, Wenl.
• Man••hilad, Berg.
• Marshfield, Wenl.
• Marthelly Chapell, Cald.
• Matharne, Cald.
• Saint Mellans, Wenl.
• Michaelchurch, Berg.
• Michelston, Wenl.
• Monnow, Flu.
• MONMOVTH, Sken.
• Mounton Chapell, Cald.
• Saint Michael, Sken.
• Saint Moughans, Sken.
• Mynithisloyn, Wenl.
• Mychiltroy, Sken.

N

• Nashe, Cald.
• Newchurch, Cald.
• Capell Newith, Berg.
• Bet••us Newith, Rag.
• Newport Hauen, Wenl.
• NEWPORT, Wenl.
• Norton, Sken.

O

• Olwye, Flu.
• Ould-castle, Berg.

P

• Panteage, Berg.
• Parcassik, Sken.
• Parkhill, Cald.
• Penalth, Sken.
• Penclase, Sken.
• Penclawth, Ragl.
• Pencarn Flu. Wenl.
• Pencoyde, Cald.
• Penhow, Cald.
• Penhow, Cald.
• Penrose, Rag.
• Penrose, Vske.
• Penteaies hill. Berg.
• Penterry Chappell. Sken.
• Saint Pe••e, Cald.
• Pertholey, Berg.
• Perthing, Sken.
• Peterston, Wenl.
• Pontemoile, Berg.
• Portesmete, Cald.
• Pyl, Flu.
• Pyl. Flu.

Q

• Quenoch Chappell. Vske.

R

• Ragland, Ragla.
• Redwicke, Cald.
• R••seley, Wenl.
• Rocherston Castle, Wenl.
• Rockfield, Sken.
• Rogeat, Cald.
• Rompney, Flu.
• Rompney, Wenl.
• Runston, Cald.

S

• Shernewton, Cald.
• Skenssreth, Sken.
• Skiriuawre hill. Berg.
• S••oway, Flu.
• Stanton Chappell, Berg.
• Strogle Castle, Cald.
• Sudbroke, Cald.

T

• Terestent, Wenl.
• Throggy Flu.
• Traowey, Ragl.
• Tredeager, Wenl.
• Tredonock, Vske.
• Tregayre, Ragl.
• Trelecke, Sken.
• Trelecke Graunge, Sken.
• Trenytie Chappell, Cald.
• Treuenthen, Berg.
• Trostrey, Vske.
• Trothy, Flu.
• Troye, Sken.
• Trylaye, Berg.
• Tyntarne, Sken.
• Tyntern Abbey, Sken.
• Tumberlow Hill, Wenl.

V

• Vske, Flu.
• VSKE, Vske.

W

• Warigoch Chappell, Berg.
• Warnde, Berg.
• Wense Wood, Cald.
• Whitt Castle, Berg.
• Whitston, Cald.
• Wick, Cald.
• Wisewood Chase, Sken.
• Wolfe Newton, Sken.
• Saint Wollos, Wenl.
• Woudye, Cald.
• Wynastowe, Sken.

BREKNOCK-SHIRE.

CHAPTER VII.

BReknoke-shire, in the Bri∣tish language Brechineau, (so called, as the Welchmen * 1.83relate, of a Prince named Brechanius, the father of an holy ofspring, whose twentie foure daughters were all of them Saints) is a Countie neither verie large, nor greatly to bee praised or disliked of, whose bounds vpon the North is parted from Radnor with the Riuers Clarwen and Wye: the West lieth butted vpon by Cardigan and Carmarden-shires: the South is confined by Glamorgan, & the East with Monmouth and Radnor-shires, is whol∣ly bound.

* 1.84 (2) The length of this Shire from North to South, betwixt Llanuthel and Istradgunles, are twentie eight English miles, and her bredth from East to West ex∣tended betwixt Pentrisso and Llywell, are twenty; the whole in Circumference, about one hundred and two miles.

* 1.85 (3) This County is full of hils and vneuen for tra∣uel, which on the South part moūt in such height, that as Giraldus hath writtē, They make the aire much colder, & defendeth the Country frō the excessiue heate of the Sun, * 1.86whereby a certaine naturall wholesomenesse of aire maketh it most temperate: and on the East side the Mountaines of Talgar and Ewias do as it were fore-fence the same: A∣mong which, ariseth and runneth so many fruitfull springs, that their vallies are thereby made most fer∣tile, yeelding in plenty both corne and grasse.

* 1.87 (4) The ancient Inhabitants and possessors of this Shire, with the rest in this South tract, were the Silures, much spoken of, and great opposites to the Romanes, whose Countries were first made subiect by Iulius Frontinus, who besides the valour of the Enemy had * 1.88to struggle with the Mountaines and straits, as Tacit us tels vs; neither any more hard, we may well say, then them of this Shire, wherof one in the South, & three miles from Breknock is of such height and operation as is vncredible; and were it not that I haue witnes to affirme what I shall speake, I should blush to let the report thereof passe from my penne: In my peram∣bulations in these parts remaining in Breknock to ob∣serue the site of that Towne; the Aldermen or chiefe Seniors thereof regarding my paines, with friendly and courteous entertainments at my departure, no lesse then eight of them that had beene Bailiffes of the Towne came to visite me, where they reported vp∣on their credit and trials, that from the toppe of that * 1.89hill, in the Welch called Mounch-denny, or Cadier Ar∣thur, they had oftentimes cast from them and downe the North-East Rocke, their Cloakes, Hattes, and Staues, which notwithstanding would neuer fall, but were with the aire and winde still returned backe and blowne vp: neither, said they, will any thing descend frō that cliffe being so cast, vnlesse it be stone or some metalline substance: affirming the cause to bee the Clouds, which are sene to racke much lower then the * 1.90top of that hi••l. As strange tales are told of the Meere Llynsauathan two miles by East from Breknock, which at the breaking of her frosen Ice, maketh a fearefull * 1.91sound like vnto thunder. In which place, as is report∣ed, sometimes stood a faire Citie, which was swallow∣ed vp in an Earth-quake, and resigned her stone-walls vnto this deepe and broad water: whither, vnto this day leadeth all the waies in this Shire: which, as lear∣ned Cambden coniectureth, might be that Louentrium which Ptolemy in this tract placeth; and the more confirmed by the Riuers name adioining, being also called Leuenny, which Riuer also passeth thorow this Meere without any mixture of her waters, as by the colour therof is well perceiued, which glideth thorow it with the same streame, and no greater then where∣with she first entred in.

* 1.92 (5) The Townes for commerce, are Hay, Bealt, and Breknock, two of them vnfortunate of their for∣mer greatnes, whom warres and sedition haue defa∣ced and cast downe. Hay vpon Wye and Dulas, plea∣sant for situation, in the rebellion of Owen Glendower∣dwy, was diswalled, depopulated and burnt, in whose foundations for new repaires, many Romane coines haue beene found; and thereby thought to be a seate of their Legions: & Buelth, now Bealt, though of good frequencie, yet not so great as when Ptolemy obserued her position for graduation, who calleth it Buleum Si∣lurum; neither when it with the Country was posses∣sed by Aurelius Ambrosius, by whose permission Pas∣centius the sonne of Vortiger ruled all, as Ninius wri∣teth; nor yet as of later times, when Leolin the last Prince of the Britaines was therein betraied and slaine.

* 1.93 (6) Breknock the Shire-Towne for buildings and beauty retaineth a better regard, whose walles in O∣uall-wise are both strong and of good repaire, hauing three gates for entrance, with tenne Towres for de∣fence, and is in circuit sixe hundred and forty pases a∣bout: vpon whose west part a most sumptuous and stately Castle is seated, the like whereof is not com∣monly seene, whose decaies approching doe increase her ruines daily, and in the end is feared will be her fall. This Towne is seated vpon the meeting of two Riuers, Houthy, and Vske, whose yeerely gouernment is committed to two Bailiffes, fifteene Aldermen, two Chamberlains, two Constables, a Towne Clerke, and two Sergeants, their attendants: hauing the poles eleuation in 52, 21. minutes of Latitude, and for Longitude is placed in the 16 and 32 minutes, as the Mathematicians do measure them.

* 1.94 (7) This Shire is strengthned with nine Castles, diuided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are seated three market Townes, and sixtie one Parish Churches.

[illustration]

BREKNOKE BOTH SHYRE AND TOWNE described Ann▪ Domini 1610

[illustration]

At Bluit in this Shire▪ Leolin (the last Prince that bare rule over the Brittaines) cominge from Snodowne, was slaine by Roger Strangbow, and his head▪ crowned with juy, set vppon the Tower of London in the Yeare of grace 1282, and the 10 ^th. of Ed. I.

[illustration]

BREKNOKE

THE SCALE OF PASES

• A. Castell lane.
• B. Old port inferior.
• C. Old port superior.
• D. Canterceley ward.
• E. Shepe Stret.
• F. High Stret superior.
• G. High Stret inferior.
• H. Lone y popty.
• ••. M••rgannok ward.
• K. S. Marys ward.
• L. Llanuase ward.
• M. The Priorye.
• N. S. Iohn Euangelist.
• O. S^t. Maryes Chapel.
• P. West Gate.
• Q. Water Gate.
• R. North Gate.
• S. East Gate.
• T. Watton Ward.
• V. Rewredd Ward.

Performed by Iohn Speede

And ar•• to be solde in Popes head alley against the Exchange by I Sudbury and Garye Humbell Cum Privilegio.

The Scale of Miles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Breknock-shire.

• 1. BEalt. Hund.
• 2. Merthy. Hund.
• 3. Talgarth. Hund.
• 4. Crickhoel. Hund.
• 5. Penkelli. Hund.
• 6. Dyuynnock. Hund.

A

• Aberbrayne Merth.
• Aberkinvick Penkel.
• Aberlleueny Talgarth.
• Aberyskire Merth.
• Capell Afyne, Talgar.
• Altemawre Talgar.

B

• Battle Chappell Merth.
• BEALT Bealt.
• Capell Be••tus Dyuyn.
• Blacke Mountaine. Dyuyn.
• Blaynllynuy Castle Crick.
• Brane Flu.
• BREKNOCK Penkel.
• Capell Brengoran Talgar.
• Bruntllys Talgar.

C

• Capell Callwen Dyuyn.
• Camlas Flu.
• Cantreft Penkel.
• Clarthy Flu.
• Clarwen Flu.
• Comartch Flu.
• Capell Coyelbryn, Flu.
• Craye Flu.
• Crickadarn Talgar.
• Crickholl, Crick▪
• Crickhoel, Crick.
• Capell Cunok Merth.

D

• Capell Defrunehenthy Merth.
• Delas Flu.
• Deuinok, Dyuyn.
• Dulas, Flu.
• Dylas Flu.
• Castle Dynas Talgar.

G

• Garthbrenguy Llanthew, Merth.
• Gilston Penkel.
• Glasbury Talgar.
• Glyn, Tawy Dyuyn.
• Groney, Flu.
• Gwenthur Talgar.
• Gwetherick, Flu.

H

• Haterell Hill, Talgar.
• HAYE, Talgar.
• Henuid Parke Merth.
• Hepsey, Flu.
• Houthy, Flu.

I

• Isker, Flu.
• Istradgunles, Dyuyn.
• Istraduelltey Dyuy.

K

• Ketheden Crick.
• Kethitalgarth, Bealt.

L

• Llamcamlach, Pentel.
• Llanauanuour, Bealt.
• Llanbedde, Crick.
• Llanddetty, Penkel.
• Lland••ualley, Talgar.
• Llandiuilog, Merth.
• Llandiloruan, Merth.
• Llanelli, Crick.
• Llaneliw, Talgar.
• Llangamarth, Bealt.
• Llanganten, Bealt.
• Llangattuck, Crick.
• Llangeney, Crick.
• Llangonider, Crick.
• Llangors, Crick.
• Llangouilog, Penkel.
• Llangoyd, Talgar.
• Llangroney, Crick.
• Llangustye Penkel.
• Llangynyd, Crick.
• Llanlleenuell, Bealt.
• Llannyllo, Talgar.
• Llansansfred, Penkel.
• Llanspethitt, Dyuyn.
• Llanthetty, Penkel.
• Llanthew Castle, Penkel.
• Llanthewi Aberwessyn Bealt.
• Llanthewi Come, Bealt.
• Llanuair, Bealt.
• Llanuanuecham, Bealt.
• Llanu••gon, Penkel.
• Llanu••hangell Vachian. Merth.
• Llanu••hangell Bryn pabian, Bealt.
• Llanuorted, Bealt.
• Llanurenach, Penkel.
• Llanuthull, Bealt.
• Llanuillo, Penkel.
• Llanwerne, Penkel.
• Llanygon, Talgar.
• Llanyhangell Manthran, Merth.
• Llanyhangell Cumdye, Crick.
• Llanyhanglo, Penkel.
• Llanyhangell Aberwessyn, Bealt.
• Llanynnis, Bealt.
• Llestinan, Bealt.
• Lleueny, Flu.
• Lleueny, Flu.
• Lliwell, Dyuin.
• Llyswen, Talgar.

M

• Maesmynys, Bealt.
• Towre Maltwalbury, Dyuyn.
• Melta, Flu.
• Metherchynog, Merth.
• Mounchdenny Hill. Pen.

N

• Capell Nanty, Penkel.
• Neath, Flu.
• Newton, Dyuyn.

O

• Olluannock, Dyuyn.

P

• Patrisho. Crick.
• Penderyn, Dyryn.
• Penketh Castell, Penkel.
• Peterchurch, Crick.
• Pipton, Talgar.
• Porthamble, Talgar.
• Portheroyes, Bealt.

R

• Capell Ridbrue, Merther.

S

• Llyn Sanathan, Talgar.
• Capell Senny, Dyuyn.
• Skethrog, Penkel.

T

• Talgarth, Talgar.
• Talyllyn, Penkel.
• Capell Tauechan, Penkel.
• Tauy, Flu.
• Trallong, Merther.
• Trangarth, Flu.
• Trausnant, Flu.
• Tre Castle, Dyuyn.
• Tretowre, Crick.
• Tylachthy, Penkel.
• Turch, Flu.

V

• Tawe Vachan. Flu.
• Neath Vachan, Flu.
• Tawe Vawir, Flu.
• Vaynor, Penkel.
• Vske, Flu.
• Vske, Flu.

W

• Weuery, Flu.
• Wye, Flu.

Y

• Capell Ylldyt, Dyuyn.
• Yruon, Flu.

RADNOR-SHIRE.

CHAPTER VIII.

RAdnor-shire lieth bordered * 1.95vpon the North with the County Monmouth; vpon the East, toucheth Shrop∣shire and Hereford-shire: the Riuers Clarwen and Wye diuide it from Breknok in the South: and the west part doth shorten point∣wise into Cardigan-shire.

* 1.96 (2) The forme thereof is in proportion triangle, euery side almost containing a like distance: for from West to North are twenty miles; from North to South, twenty two; and from South to West are * 1.97twenty foure: the whole circumference extending to fourescore and ten miles.

* 1.98 (3) The aire thereof is sharpe and cold (as most of Wales is) for that the snow lieth and lasteth long vn∣melted vnder those shadowing high hils and ouer∣hanging rockes.

* 1.99 (4) The soile is hungry, though not barren, and that in the East and South the best: the other parts are rough and churlish, and hardly bettered by painfull labour; so that the riches of the North and West con∣sisteth chiefly in the brood of Cattle.

* 1.100 (5) Anciently this County was possessed by the Silures, a warlike people, and great withstanders of the Romans impositions, who had not only them to fight against, but withall the vnaccessible Mountains, wher∣with this Shire is so ouer-pressed and burdened, that many times I feared to looke downe from the hang∣ing Rockes where-vnder I passed, into those deepe and darke dales, seeming to mee an entrance into Limbo. Among these (as say our Historians) that hateful Prince to God and Man, Vortiger, his Countries scourge, and last Monarke of the British Bloud, by fire from Heauen * 1.101was consumed with his incestuous wife, from whom Ninius nameth the Country wherein his Castle stood, Guartiger-Maur, of whose rubbish the Castle Guthre∣mion was raised, as some are of opinion. Yet they of North-Wales will haue his destruction and Castle to stand in their parts neere vnto Beth-Kelleck, whereof we will further speake in the relation of his life. Fatall was this place also to Lhewellin the last Prince of the British Race, who being betraied by the men of Buelth, fled into those vast Mountaines of Radnor, where by * 1.102Adam Francton he was slaine, and his head (crowned with Iuy) set vpon the Tower of London.

(6) Places most worthy of note in this Shire, are as ensueth: The first is Radnor, from whom the Coun∣tie * 1.103 receiued her Name, anciently Magi, where the Com∣mander of the Pacensian Regiment lay, and thought to be the Magnos in Antonine the Emperours Suruey. This * 1.104Towne is pleasantly seated vnder a hill, whereon stan∣deth mounted a large and strong Castle, from whose Bulwarke a Trench is drawne along the West of the Towne, whereon a wall of stone was once raised, as by the remaines in many places appeareth. This Trench doth likewise inuerge her West side so farre as the Ri∣uer, but after is no more seene: whose Graduation is obserued to haue the Pole eleuated for Latitude 52. degrees and 45. minutes; and for Longitude, from the first point of the West, set by Mercator 17. degrees and one minute.

* 1.105 Prestayn for beautious building is the best in this Shire, a Towne of Commerce, wonderfully frequen∣ted, and that very lately. Next is Knighton, a Market * 1.106Towne likewise, vnder which is seene the Clawdh-Offa, or Offaes Ditch, whose tract for a space I follow∣ed along the edge of the Mountaine, which was a bound set to separate the Welsh from the English, by the Mercian King Offa: and by Egbert the Monarke a Law made, by the instigation of his wife, that it should be present death for the Welsh to passe ouer the same, as Iohn Beuer the Monke of Westminster reporteth: * 1.107 and the like vnder Harald, as Iohn of Salesbury wri∣teth; wherein it was ordained, that what Welsh-man soeuer should be found with any weapon on this side of that Limit, which was Offaes Ditch, should haue his right hand cut off by the Kings Officers. The fourth place for account is Raihader Gowy, who besides the * 1.108great fall of Wye with a continuall noise, hath her Mar∣kets there kept vpon the Sabbath, which I there obser∣ued, and here note for an offense.

(7) Many Riuers arise and run thorow this Shire, which were it not that the hils so cluster together, might make the soile both fertile and fat. Such are Teme, Lug, Ithon, Clowdok, Dulas, Comarton, Somegill, Gwithel, Arro, Machaway, Edway, Hawye, Eland, Clar∣wen, and Wye, besides other Loughs that stand betwixt the hilles.

This Shire is diuided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated three Forests, foure Market Townes, six Castles, and fifty two Parish-Churches, as in the Table in the last page of this Chapter alphabetically are set and in∣serted.

[illustration]

THE COUNTIE OF RADNOR DESCRIBED AND THE SHYRETOWNES SITTUATIONE Anno 1610▪

[illustration]

RADNOR

A Scale of Pases

[illustration]

Arma Dominorum de Radnor

Described by Christopher Saxon,

Augmented and published by Iohn Speede servant to his Majesty. And are t•• be solde in popes head alley by John Sudbury & George Humbell▪ Cum Privilegio.

THE SCALE OF MILES

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Radnor-shire.

Hundreds in Rad∣norshire.

• 1. Rayader-Gowy.
• 2. Knighton.
• 3. Keuenllice.
• 4. Radnor.
• 5. Collowine.
• 6. Painescastell.

A

• Aberdow, Collo.
• Arro, Flu.
• Augop, Rad.

B

• Banghwid, Paines.
• Bettas disserth, Collo.
• Bigildy, Knight.
• BLETHVACH, Keuen.
• Blethuach Forrest, Keuen.
• Brongwine, Pains.
• Buttus, Paines.

C

• Cascop, Keuen.
• Castle Dynbod, Knight.
• Clarwen, Flu.
• Clirow, Paines.
• Clowedoke, Flu.
• Colwin Castle, Collow.
• Colua, Radnor.
• Combehire, Rayad.
• Comaron, Flu.

D

• Darnall, Flu.
• Discodde, Rad.
• Disserth, Collow.
• Dulas, Flu.

E

• Ednall, Rad.
• Edway, Flu.
• Eland, Flu.

F

• Fuldibrok, Rad.

G

• Garthuagh, Rayad.
• Glasbury, Paines.
• Glascomb, Collow.
• Glastrey aliâs Glawdiscre, Rad.
• Glyngwin, Rayad.
• Gwythell, Flu.

H

• Harton, Rad.
• Hawye, Flu.
• Hiop, Knight.

I

• Ithon, Flu.

K

• Keuelles Castle, Keuenl.
• Kregrena, Collo.
• Kinerton, Rad.
• KNIGHTON, Knight.
• Knukles Forrest, Knight.
• Knukles, Knight.

L

• Llanamro, Knight.
• Llanbaderney gareg, Collow.
• Llanbadarne, Keuen.
• Llanbadarne vynith, Knight.
• Llanbeder, Paines.
• Llanbester, Knight.
• Llandegley, Keuenl.
• Llandewy, Knight.
• Llandewy vach, Paines.
• Llandilo, Paines.
• Llandrindod, Keuenl.
• Llanelweth, Collow.
• Llangiallo, Keuenl.
• Llanihangell, Keuen.
• Llanihangell yerholegan, Rayard.
• Llanihangle arro, Paines.
• Llanihangell, keuenllice, Keuen.
• Llanhihangle nantmelan, Rad.
• Llansanffred, Collow.
• Llansanffred in Comotoieth, Rayad.
• Llanstephan, Painesc.
• Llanuereth, Collow.
• Llanyere, Rayad.
• Llowes, Painesc.
• Lug, Flu.
• Llynhoghlen, Painesc.

M

• Machway, Flu.
• Michels Church, Paines.
• Monaghree, Keuen.

N

• Nantmel, Rayad.
• Newcastle, Rad.
• Newchurch, Paines.
• Norton, Rad.

P

• Painescastle, Painese.
• P••l••th, Keuel.
• PRESTEIGNE, Rad.

R

• Radnor old, Rad.
• RADNOR, new, Rad.
• Radnor Forrest, Rad.
• RAYADER-gowy, Rayd.
• Rulen, Collow.

S

• S. Harmon aliâs Phistharmon, Rayad.
• Standish, Rad.
• Samegill, Flu.

T

• Teme, Flu.

W

• Whitten, Keuen.
• White hall, Knight.
• Weston hall, Keuen.
• Wye, Flu.

Y

• Ython, Flu.

CARDIGAN-SHIRE.

* 1.109 CARDIGAN-SHIRE, (in the Welsh called Sire Aber-Tiui) is parted on * 1.110the North from Merio∣neth-shire with the Riuer Doui, by the Plinillimon hils from Montgomery-shire in part of her East, and the rest from Breck∣nock-shire, with the water Towy, and with Tyuy altogether on the South from Caermarden-shire: the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea.

* 1.111 (2) The forme thereof is horne-like, bowing com∣passe long and narrow, and growing wider still to∣wards the North: so that from Cardigan, the Shire * 1.112Towne and vttermost point in the South, vnto the Riuer Doui, her farthest North bounder, are thirtie two miles: and from the head of Clarwen in the East, to Aberysthwyth on her West, the broadest part in the Shire, are onely fifteene: the whole in circumference is one hundred and three miles.

* 1.113 (3) The Aire is open and somewhat piercing; the Soile is hillie, and (Wales-like) vneuen: yet more plaine and champion towards the Sea, then in the East or * 1.114North of the Land. For besides that great and high hill called Plinillimon, a continuall range of lesser doth shoote along, yeelding in their vallies both goodly rich Pastures, and very large Pooles, which being assi∣sted with Springs from the Rocks, doe branch them∣selues as veines in the body, and make fruitfull their * 1.115passages vnto the Sea. In Tyuy one of these, as Giraldus hath written, the Beauer hath been found, a creature liuing both by land and water, whose stones the Phy∣sitions hold in great price. His fore-feet are like vnto a dog, but the hinder whole skinned, as is the goose; the dog-like serues him on shore for to runne, and the goose-like as Oares giues him swift motion in swim∣ming: his taile broad and gristly, he vseth as a sterne, wherewith on the sudden he can diuert his swift floa∣ting course. But this creature in these parts a long time hath not been seene, whose roome wee may well say * 1.116the Salmon hath possest, who still coueting into fresh water riuers, at their downe-right falles vseth this po∣licie: He bendeth himselfe backward, and taketh his taile in his mouth, and with all his strength vnloo∣sing his circle on the sudden (as a lath let goe) moun∣teth * 1.117vp before the fall of the streame; whereupon such water-falles are called the Salmons leape: and in these riuers many such Salmons are caught.

* 1.118 (4) The commodities of this Shire chiefly con∣sist in cattle, sea-fowle, and fish; corne sufficient, but of woods some scarcitie: and at the head of Istwydh are certaine veines of lead, a merchandize of no meane re∣gard or wealth.

* 1.119 (5) The ancient people that possessed this Pro∣uince, were the Dimetae, by Ptolemie branched tho∣row the Tracts of Caermarden, Penbrooke, and this Shire; who in their struglings against the Romans, did not a little relie vpon Caractacus their most war∣like King, (from whose name, though vnlike∣ly, some will haue the Shire called Cardigan) yet lastly felt the fortune of subiection with the rest, when Iulius Frontinus warred with these Mountaines. * 1.120Scarce had the Normans settled their Kingdome in Britaine, but that they assailed this Countie, as well to enioy so faire a Possession, as to secure those seas from * 1.121 any inuasion against them: so that Rufus first wrested from the Welsh-men the maritime Coasts, and Henry the First gaue the whole County to Gilbert de Clare.

* 1.122 (6) This Gilbert fortified Cardigan the shire-towne with a Wall and strong Castle, whose aged lineaments doe to this day shew the industrie both of nature and art: for the Towne is seated vpon a steepe banke, her South side garded with the deep Riuer Tyuy, and pas∣sable no way but by a bridge vnder the Castle. The * 1.123walles take the aduantage of the rising rocks, and cir∣culate the Towne euen round about. The Castle is * 1.124higher built vpon a rocke, both spacious and faire, had not stormes impaired her beauty, and time left her carcase a very Anatomie. The walles range as thou seest, and are indifferent for repaire, hauing three waies for entrance, and containe in compasse six hun∣dred and fourescore pases: whose position for lati∣tude * 1.125is set in the degree 52. 33. minutes from the North-pole, and for longitude from the first West∣point by Mercator, in the degree 15. and 10. mi∣nutes.

* 1.126 (7) This Shire, as it is little in circuit, so accor∣dingly is besprinkled with Towne-ships, whereof foure only haue the trade of Markets: neither finde I other remembrance of religious foundations, but at * 1.127Cardigan, Istradfleet, and at Llan-Badern-Vaur, where sometimes was seated an Episcopall See, which (as Houeden writeth) was decaied many yeeres since, when the * 1.128people had wickedly slaine their Pastour. And yet Llan-Deui-breui * 1.129built, and so called in memorie of the most famous Dauid Bishop of Meneuia, was in great e∣steeme, where in a frequent Synod there holden hee refuted the Pelagian Heresie, sprung vp againe in Bri∣taine, * 1.130both by the authority of holy Scripture, and al∣so by miracle, as is reported, while the earth whereon he stood and preached, rose vp vnto a certaine height vnder his feet. * 1.131

(8) The Shires diuision, for businesses belonging either to the Crowne or Common-wealth, is into fiue Hundreds, wherein are seated foure Market-townes, and sixtie foure Parish-Churches for Gods diuine and daily seruice, whose names are further inserted in the Table following.

[illustration]

CARDIGAN SHYRE DESCRIBED With the due forme of the Shiretown as it was surveyed by I. S. Anno 1610

[illustration]

CARDIGAN

The Scale of Pases

〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 161•• Performed by John Spe••de▪

And are to be solde in Popes he•••• 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Iohn Sud••••ry and G••o••ge H••••bell. Cum Pri••ilegis.

The Scale of English miles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and Places mentioned in Cardiganshire.

HVNDREDS IN Cardigan-shire.

• 1. Llanbadarn.
• 2. Llanylar.
• 3. Pennarth.
• 4. Moythen.
• 5. Tredroir.

A

• Aberporth, Tred.
• ABERYSTWYTH, L••b.
• Arthe flu.
• Ayron flu.

B

• Bangor, Tred.
• Bettus Bledrus, Moyth.
• Bettus ••euan, Tred.
• Bettus, Moyth.
• B••dder flu.
• Blayneporth, Tred.
• Blayne pennall, Pen.
• Brennyng flu.
• Brongwyn, Tred.

C

• CARDIGAN, Tred.
• Cardigan Island, Tred.
• Capell Christ, Moyth.
• Clarthye flu.
• Clarwen flu.
• Clettur flu.
• Combeystoyche, Llanb.
• Dettor flu.
• Douye flu.
• Dyhewyll, Moyth.
• Dyhewidd Isekerdyne, Tred.

E

• Eynon Flu.

F

• The Forest, Moyth.

G

• Capell Garthely, Moyth.
• Gog••than, Llanb.
• Llyn Gonon, Llany.
• Gunro••, Llany.

H

• Heullandynye, Tred.
• Heueneroe, Llany.

I

• Iscard, Moyth.
• Istradfler, Llanyl.
• Istradsler, Llany.
• Istradmyrick, Llany.
• Jstwyth flu.

K

• Kellan, Moyth.
• Kelekenyn, Llany.
• Capell Kenan, Tred.
• Kery flu.
• Kil••e ayron, Llany.
• Capell Kiluellon, Llanb.
• Kilwyn, Tred.
• Kinuer flu.

L

• Llanarche, Moyth.
• Llanauon, Llanyl.
• Llanauon, Llanyl.
• Llanbadarn vawire, Llanb.
• Llanbaddarn, Llanyl.
• Llanbadarne, Llanyl.
• Llanbadarne Odyne, Pe.
• Llanbaddarne hill.
• Llanbadarne Treuegloys, Llanyl.
• LLANBEDER, Moy.
• Llandeuroigge, Tred.
• Llandissilio, Moyth.
• Llandissill Isekerdyne, Tred.
• Llandissill vchkerdyne, Moyt.
• Llandogwy, Tred.
• Llanfra Capell, Tred.
• Capell Langbridge, Tred.
• Llangoydmore, Tred.
• Llangranoge, Moyth.
• Llangynllo, Llanb.
• Llangybye, Moyth.
• Llangythye, Moyth.
• Llanrannok, Tred.
• Llangytho, Tred.
• Llangunelyn, Llanb.
• Llanllohayrne, Moyth.
• Llanllair, Moyth.
• Llansanfrayde, Llany.
• Llanthewy aberarthe, Llanyl.
• Llanthewy breuye, Pen.
• Llantisilued Capell, Moyth.
• Llanthynoll, Llanyl.
• Llanuair∣treueligen, Tred.
• Llanuaieralloyne, Tred.
• Llanvayrgledoge, Moy.
• Llanuichangell, Llanyl.
• Llanunen, Tred.
• Llanunnes, Llanyl.
• Llanwenoge, Moyth.
• Llanylar, Llanyl.
• Llanyna, Moyth.
• Llanychayaron, Moyth.
• Llanyhangle castle qualtor, Llb.
• Llanyhangle Yerothen, Llany.
• Llanyhangle Rostea, Llany.
• Llanyhangle Lledrod, Llany.
• Llanynay, Moyth.
• Llanygrothen, Llanyl.
• Llanychaya••ne, Llanyl.
• Llarumsted, Llanyl.
• Llegenydd, Moyth.
• Llyn Legnant, Llanyl.
• Lery flu.
• Leuenant flu.
• Lyky, Moyth.

M

• Massalak flu.
• Mathern flu.
• Mirik flu.
• Mounte, Tred.

N

• Nantegnulle, Pen.

O

• Oscoid Mortimer, Tred.

P

• Penbryne, Tred.
• Penkemmas point, Tred.
• Penneralt, Tred.
• Pennobadath point, Tr.
• Pescotter flu.
• Plinellimon hill, Llanb.
• Preuethe, Llanb.

R

• Rescob forrest, Pen.
• Rossefayre, Llanyl.
• Rydall flu.

S

• Salek flu.
• Silien, Moyth.
• Spittie ••stoith, Llanyl.
• Spittyekinwen, Llanb.

T

• Talaserne, Moyth.
• Tothea flu.
• Towye flu.
• Tredroir, Tred.
• TREGARON, Pen.
• Tremayne, Tred.
• Treuilon, Llanyl.
• Treuygoid, Tred.
• Llyn Tyuy Llanyl.
• Tyuy flu.

V

• Vchclawdd, Pen.
• Verwicke, Tred.
• Llyn Verwyn Pen.
• Vmnrabowa, Llanb.

W

• Weray flu.
• Wye head, Llanb.

MOVNTGOMERIE-SHIRE.

CHAPTER X.

MOuntgomery-shire in the Bri∣tish speech called Siretre∣faldwin, and that of the principall Towne Mount∣gomery, lieth bounded vpon the North with Den∣bigh-shire, vpon the East with Shrop-shire, on the * 1.132South with Radnor & Car∣digan-shires, and on the West with Merioneth-shire.

(2) In forme it somewhat resembleth a peare or pine-apple, as it were growing out of the West, and ri∣sing thence with many high Hilles, and plentifull * 1.133springs, which water and make fruitfull the soile e∣uery-where: whose searching rilles with a longing desire haste euer forward to finde an encrease and to augment their growth into a bigger body, whereof the Seuerne is the chiefe and the second Riuer in the Land: whose head rising from the spired mountaine Plymllimon, runneth not farre without the receits of other riuerets into her streame, and with many wind∣ings doth sport her selfe thorough all the East part of this Shire.

(3) That this Riuer tooke her name from Abren, * 1.134the beautifull base daughter of Locrinus, begotten out of wedlocke vpon Estrildis the daughter of Hum∣ber the Scythian King, that inuaded this Land, and both of them drowned in this Riuer by Guendolena King Locrinus suruiuing widowe: let Ieffrey relate, and Poets enlarge, whereof one among them in good account, thus writeth:

Influmen praecipitatur Abren Nomen Abrenfluuio de virgine, nomen eidem Nomine corrupto, deinde Sabrina datur.

Into this streame faire Abren head-long cast, Gaue name of Abren to those waters wast, Corruptly call'd Sabrina now at last.

(4) This Riuer maketh the East part of this shire for fruitfulnes to be cōpared with most of the Land, and to exceed any other Shire in Wales: the West side is more Hilly and lesse inhabited, yet surely those mountaines breede innumerable of Cattle, especially of Horses, whose portraiture for making and incom∣parable swiftnes, Giraldus Cambrensis Arch-deacon of Breknocke doth greatly commend.

(5) The ancient inhabitants that were seated in Guineth and Powisland, whereof this Shire was a part, were to the Romanes knowne by the name of OR∣DOVICES, a Puissant and Couragious Nation, whose hearts and hilles held them the longest free * 1.135from the yoke of subiection, either of the Romanes or English: For vnto the daies of Domitian they kept Plea with the Romanes, and were not brought to the will of the English before the raigne of King Edward the first. Those ORDOVICES inhabited the Counties of Mountgomery, Merioneth, Caernaruan, Denbigh, and Flint, which are of vs called now North-Wales, a people generous and of affable conditions, goodly for feature, faire of complexion, couragious of minde, courteous to strangers, and that which is most commendable, most true and loiall to the Eng∣lish Crowne.

Townes for Trades and commerce in this County are sixe, the chiefest thereof and Shire-Towne is * 1.136Mountgomery, very wholesome for aire, and pleasant for situation, vpon an easie ascent of an hill, and vpon an other farre higher mounted, stands a faire and well repaired Castle, from the East Rocke whereof, the Towne hath beene walled, as by some part yet stan∣ding, and the tract and trench of the rest euen vnto the North-side of the said Castle may euidently bee seene: whose graduation for Latitude is placed in the degree 53, and for longitude 17. the lines cutting each other in the site of this Towne.

* 1.137 This Towne hath lately receiued the Honour and Title of an Earledome, whereof Philip Herbert the second sonne of Henry Earle of Pembroke, was crea∣ted the first, in Anno 1605. And the Shire diui∣ded * 1.138into seuen Hundreds, wherein are seated six mar∣ket Townes, and forty seuen Parish Churches: The ••ames whereof are inserted in the Table annexed.

[illustration]

MONTGOMERY SHIRE

[illustration]

MONTGOMERY

• A. The Castle
• B. Backe Lane
• C. Chery Stret
• D. Orchard stret
• E. Old gates
• F. High stret
• G. The Ruines of the old wall.

A. SCALE. OF. PASES.

[illustration]

Arma R de Montegomerico.

[illustration]

Phillip Herbert Earle of Montgomery. created An. 1605

Cum Privilegio 1610▪ Described by Christo∣pher Saxton

Augmented and publi¦shed by Iohn Speed And are to be solde in Popes head alley against the Exchang of London, by Iohn Sudbury and George Humbell.

The Scale of English Miles

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Mountgomery-shire.

Hundreds in Mountgo∣merie-shire.

• 1. MEchaui.
• 2. Kare Eynion.
• 3. Ystrad Mar∣chel.
• 4. Kidriorn.
• 5. Kery.
• 6. Ykrostly.
• 7. Kyfy. Log.

A

• Aberhafais Kydw.
• Agaiere Ystrad.
• Angle Flu.

B

• Bacho Flu.
• Llyn-Barre Ykrost.
• Bechan Flu.
• Llyn-Begelyn Kyfy.
• Beryw Kydr.
• Berechlaid Ykr.
• Bettus Kydr.
• Biga Flu.
• Brethen hill Ystr.
• Brughan Flu.
• Buttington Ystr.

C

• Caerfuse Castle Ykr.
• Carlion Hill. Ystr.
• Carno Flu.
• Church stoke Ystr.
• Cregynog Hall Kydr.
• Castle Engerrimon Kare.

D

• Doleuoren Castle. Kydr.
• Dornoll Flu.
• Dorowen Kyfy.
• Dulas Flu. Dulas Flu. Dulas Flu. 3.
• Dungum Flu.

F

• Chappell Fordyn Ystr.

G

• Garth-beibio Kare.
• Llyn Glastyn Kyfy.
• Gnedall Flu.
• Gogh Castle Ystr.

H

• Haus Flu.
• Heldray Ystr.
• Hirnant Mech.
• Hyssinton Ystr.

K

• Karno Ykrost.
• Kegidfa Ystr.
• Kemes Kyfy.
• Kerig Flu.
• Kery Kery.

L

• Llanbrim Maire Kyfy.
• Llanddosilio Mech.
• Llanddynam Ykr.
• Llandissil Kidr.
• Llandrenio Ystr.
• Llanfair Kare.
• LLANFILLYN Mech.
• Llanfynhonwen Ystr.
• Llangadfan Kare
• Llangirrich Ykr.
• Llangunoch Mech.
• Llangynyw Kare.
• Llanllochaiarne Kydr.
• Llanllygan Kydr.
• Llansauntfred yn Mecham. Mech.
• Llanuthin, Mech.
• Llanuaier ynghar eynion Kare.
• Llanuyhangell ynghery Kare.
• Llanwryn Kyfy.
• Llanwunog, Ykr.
• Llanwydelan, Kydr.
• LLANYDLOES Ykr.
• Llany Rewie, Kydr.
• Llanyruill, Kare.
• Lleding, Flu.
• Leighton Ystr.
• Lleuenant, Flu.
• Lloyd Flu.
• Lloydyerd, Mech.

M

• MACHENLLETH Kyfy.
• Maismaure Yst.
• Man afon, Kydr.
• Mathauern Kyfy.
• Mathrauall Hall. Kare.
• Meifod Mech.
• Middleton Hall. Kery
• Moghtree Kery.
• MONTGOMERY Ystr.
• Moylnadion Hill, Kyfy.
• Mulle Flu.
• Penant Mylangell, Mech.

N

• NEVVTOVVNE, Kydr.

P

• Penegos, Kyfy.
• WELSH POOLE, Ystr.
• Penprice, Ykr.
• Penstrowed, Ykr.
• Plymllymon Hill, Kyfy.

R

• Riader Flu.
• Rue Flu.

S

• Seuerns head, Kyfy.
• Seuerne Flu.
• Seuerne Flu.

T

• Tagarell Chappell. Ykr.
• Tanot, Flu.
• Taramon, Flu.
• Towyn myn▪ Flu.
• Trefegloes, Ykr.
• Chappell Treslistin, Ystr.
• Tregynon Kydr.
• Turgh Flu.

V

• Vurnuey, Flu.

W

• Wurway Flu.
• Wye Flu.

Y

• Llanuihangell Ynghronfa Mech.

MERIONETH-SHIRE.

CHAPTER XI.

MErioneth-shire, which the Britaines call Sire-Verio∣neth, and in Latine Merui∣nia; * 1.139is bordred vpon the North by Canaruan and Denbigh shires, vpon the East with Mongomery, vp∣on the South by the Ri∣uer Dowy, is parted from Cardiganshire, and the west side altogether washed with the Irish-Seas, whose rage with such vehemency beateth against her bankes, that it is thought and said, some quantity of the Land hath beene swallowed vp by those Seas.

* 1.140 (2) In forme this Shire somewhat resembleth a Welsh-Harpe, though small is the Musicke that to her Inhabitants she makes, being the roughest and most * 1.141vnpleasant to see to, (as Giraldus their own Historian writeth) in all Wales. The aire for great pleasure, nor soile for great profit, I cannot greatly commend, vn∣lesse it be for the many and mighty great winds, that for the most part therein do rage, and the spired hils clustred together, so neere and so high, as the same Author affirmeth, that shepheards vpon their tops falling at oddes in the morning, and challenging the field for fight, before they can come together to try out the quarrell, the day will be spent, and the heate of their fury shut vp with their sleepe.

(3) These Mountaines formerly did abound with * 1.142Wolues, for whose auoidance, Edgar the peaceable did impose (as Malmesbury writeth) an yeerely Tribute of three hundred Wolues, vpon Ludwall Prince of that Country, whereby in three yeeres space they were quite destroied: And now their faces are couered with fruitfull flocks of sheepe, besides neate and o∣ther cattell that therein abundantly doe grase, where∣in the onely riches of this Shire doth consist: for by reason of the vneuennesse of the soile, and rocks so neere the face of the earth, the Plough cannot be drawne, nor the Corne prosper; which some haue im∣puted to the ildlenesse of the inhabitants, wherein they haue beene greatly wronged.

(4) These people are a part of the Ordouices, of whom we haue spoken, who by the aduantage of these * 1.143Mountaines held out with the longest against the Ro∣mans, and their necks not brought vnder the yoke of bondage, before the daies of King Edward the first; since when, they haue attempted to cast off their sub∣iection * 1.144to the English, vpon some stirres raised by O∣win Glendouer, who hauing beene a fauourite of King Richard the second, and discontented by King Henry the fourth, in a quarrell with the Lord Grey of Ruthin, that intruded vpon his demaines, quarrelled with the King, and entred into open rebellion and confedera∣cy with all other his rebells, drawing the Welsh-men whollie to his side, in hope to haue had Princes resto∣red of their owne blood: and he maintained the same with wonderfull pride, policie, and obstinacy for a long time, vntill his confederates, followers and fauo∣rites, and his owne courage, credit, and maintenance, were brought so low by that powerfull King, that in the end he perished for very want of foode.

* 1.145 (5) Their Towns are not many, neither those that they haue, of any stately buildings, whereof Bala, Dol∣gelhe, and Harleth are the markets. By Bala in the North-east of this County, in the Welsh Lhintegid, in English Pimble-meare, a great poole of water doth * 1.146drowne at least eight score acres of ground: whose nature is, as the report doth passe, that the high-land floods though neuer so great, cannot make her to swell bigger by their receits; but if the aire be trou∣bled with ouer great blasts and tempests of windes, she in as great a rage riseth and passeth her bankes, as if she would encounter that enemy in fight. Into the South wherof the two headed Dee with a pretie sharp * 1.147streame entreth, and thorow the same glideth with∣out any mixture of the same water, as the Inhabitants belieue; more strongly conceited in their opinion for that the Salmon vsually taken in Dee is neuer found in that Poole, and the fish called Guiniad breed in that Meare, neuer is seene in the Riuer Dee. South thence neere Dolgelhe in a lower hill, a great Rampire of stone and compasse is seene, and hath beene some for∣tification or defence in warre: which whilst we were curious to finde out some instructions thereof, by re∣port, this onely we learned, that it was called Caddo∣ryrita Dren, according to the name of her neighbour and farre higher hill.

* 1.148 (6) Vpon the west, and Sea-shore of this shire, Harlech a Market and Maior Towne standeth, bleake enough and barren, but only for fowle and fish, houses not many, neither curiously built, where∣in standeth a little chappell decaied and without vse, in which lieth buried Sir Richard Thimblebye, an En∣glish Knight, who for the delight hee tooke in that game, remooued his abode from a farre better soile. Heere also standeth a most strong and beautifull Ca∣stle, mounted vpon a hill, and with a double Bul∣warke walled about, commanding the Sea and pas∣sage of entrance of such as seeke to inuade the Coast. And surely a great pity it is, to see so faire a worke fall to decay: the Constable whereof by Patent is euer the Maior of this Towne; neere vnto which are two great Inlets of Seas, which at low water may be p assed vp∣on the Sands with Guides. Vpon whose shore, as vpon all the Sea-coasts, in this County, abundance of Herrings are caught, for which cause they are much frequented in the season of the yeere, by many peo∣ple from diuers Countries.

(7) This towne being the chiefest of the Shire, the Pole shalbe eleuated only from thence, whose height for latitude standeth in the degree 53, 29 minutes, and for longitude in the 15, 47 minutes. The whole bee∣ing diuided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are seated thirty seuen Parish Churches, whose names in the Ta∣ble following are to be seene.

[illustration]

MERIONETHSHIRE▪ Described 1610

[illustration]

HARLECH▪

A SCALE OF PASES

Performed by Iohn Speede

and are to be solde in Popes-head Alley against the Exchang by George Humble▪

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Merioneth-shire.

Hundreds in Meri∣oneth-shire.

• 1. ARdydury.
• 2. Penllyn.
• 3. Ydeirmon.
• 4. Talybont.
• 5. Mowthy.
• 6. Ystymanael.

A

• Aberdowye, Ystym.
• Alwen Flu.
• Alwen Flu.
• Angell Flu.
• A••tro Flu.
• Auon vane Flu.

B

• BALA, Penl.
• Barmouth, Ard.
• Benrose Wood, Taly.
• Traeth Bichan, Ard.
• Buttus, Ydeir.

C

• Cayne Flu.
• Cleton Flu.
• Clowedok Flu. Mow.
• Llyn Cotwry, Penl.
• Corseg••ddal, Ard.
• Corwen, Ydeir.
• Cunuell Flu.

D

• Dee Flu.
• Derye Flu.
• Desunney Flu. Tal.
• Desunney Flu. Yst.
• Dole, Ydeir.
• DOLGELLE, Tayly.
• Douye Flu.
• Druryd Flu.
• Dynas Mothus, Mow.

E

• Llyn Eithaye, Ard.

F

• Fa••les Flu.
• Festimog, Ard.
• Funnondo Verduwy, Penl.

G

• Glanllintegid, Penl.
• Gwannas, Mow.
• Gwyddelwern, Ydeir.

H

• HARLECH, Ard.
• Hirgum Flu.

K

• Kelyn Flu.
• Kemmer Abbey, Talyb.
• Keffilgum Flu.
• Keuenreage, Ydeir.

L

• Llannaghrethe, Talyb.
• Llanaelhairn, Ydeir.
• Llanbeder, Ard.
• Llandderfel Gadern, Penl.
• Llandanog, Ard.
• Llandeber Flu.
• Llandekwyn.
• Llanegryn, Taly.
• Llandrillo, Ydeir.
• Llanfawr Yn Melyn, Penl.
• Llanfechraith, Taly.
• Llangor, Ydeir.
• Llanglynnin, Taly.
• Llangower, Penl.
• Llansansfred, Ydeir.
• Llanenthowin, Ard.
• Llanthoyway, Ard.
• Llanwrothen, Ard.
• Llanvihangell Y Pennant, Ystym.
• Llanyhangell, Ydeir.
• Llanuair, Ydeir.
• Llanunier.
• Llanullyn, Penl.
• Llanyhangelly trathe, Ard.
• Llanykill, Penl.
• Llanymorothwy, Mow.
• Llanywhyllyn, Penl.
• Llauern Flu.
• Llauyltyd, Ard.
• Llenegryn, Taly.
• Lleyngoryl Flu.
• Llue Flu.
• Llyn y combe, Ard.
• Llyn Tigid, Penl.
• Llyn Troweryn, Penl.
• Llyn Teckoyn, Ard.
• Llyn Eithaye, Ard.

M

• Monach doure Flu.
• Mothvaye Flu.
• Maynlloyd, Mow.
• Maynturog, Ard.

N

• Nanna, Taly.

P

• Penal, Ysty.

R

• Rarannare Hill, Penl.
• Rnedok, Ydeir.
• Rnedok, Ydeir.
• Rulace, Penl.

S

• Sarnabugh Point, Taly.
• Skethye Flu.

T

• Taly Llyn, Y••••y.
• Thehery Castle, Ysty.
• Llyn Tigid, Penl.
• Towin Meryonidd, Ysty.
• Traeth Mawer, Ard.
• Traeth Bichan, Ard.
• Trawffynydh, Ard.
• Troweryn Flu.
• Llyn Troweryn, Penl.

V

• Velen••ydd Flu.

Y

• Llyn Ycombe, Ard.

* 1.149 DEnbigh-shire, called in Welsh, Sire Denbigh, reti∣ring more from the Sea within the Countrey, on this side of the riuer Con∣wey shooteth Eastward in one place as farre as to the Riuer Dee: on the North, first the Sea (for a small space) and then Flint-shire encompasseth it: on the West, Caernaruon and Merioneth-shire; on the East, Cheshire and Shrop∣shire; and on the South, Mountgomery-shire.

* 1.150 (2) The forme thereof is long, growing wider still towards the North-west, and narrower towards the East. It is in length from East to West, one and thirty miles, and in bredth from North to South, se∣uenteene miles: in the whole circuit and circumfe∣rence, one hundred and foureteene miles.

* 1.151 (3) The aire is very wholesome and pleasant, yet bleake enough, as exposed to the windes on all sides, and the high hilles, wherewith it is in many places en∣uironed, * 1.152long retaining the congealed snow. The toppes whereof, in the Summer time are the haruest∣mens Almanacks, by the rising of certaine vapours thereon in the mornings, and foreshew a faire day ensuing.

* 1.153 (4) The soile is but barren towards the West part: yet the middle, where it lieth flat in a valley, is most fertile. The East-side, when it is once past the valley, findeth Nature to bee a very sparing niggard of her fauours: but next vnto Dee it feeleth a more liberall extent of her blessings. The West part is but here and there inhabited, and mounteth vp more then the other with bare and hungry hilles: yet the leanenesse of the soile (where the hils settle any thing * 1.154flattish) hath beene now a good while begun to bee ouercome by the diligent paines and carefull indu∣strie of the husbandmen; for they paring away the vpper coat of the earth into certaine Turfes, with a broad kinde of spade, pile them vp artificially on heapes, and fire them, so as being turned into ashes, and throwne vpon the ground so pared, they fructify the hungrie barrennesse and sterilitie of soile, and make the Fields bring forth a kinde of Rie or Amell∣corne, in such plenty as is hardly to be beleeued.

* 1.155 (5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Ordouices, who bee also named Ordeuices, or Ordouicae: a puissant and couragious people, by reason they kept wholly in a mountainous place, and tooke heart euen of the soile it selfe: for they continued lon∣gest free from the yoke both of Roman, and also of En∣glish dominion. They were not subdued by the Ro∣mans, before the daies of the Emperour Domitian (for then Iulius Agricola conquered almost the whole Na∣tion) * 1.156nor brought vnder the command of the English, before the raigne of King Edward the First; but liued a long time in a lawlesse kinde of libertie, as bearing themselues bold vpon their owne magnanimitie, and the strength of the Country.

* 1.157 (6) The Mountaines of this County yeeld suffi∣ciencie of Neat, Sheepe, and Goats. The Vallies in most places are very plentious of corne, especiallie Eastward on this side, betwixt the riuers of Alen and Dee; but the more westerly part is healthy, and alto∣gether barren. The heart of the Shire shewes it selfe beneath the hilles, in a beautifull and pleasant Vale, reaching seuenteene miles in length from South to North, and fiue miles, or thereabouts in bredth, and lieth open onely toward the Sea. It is enuironed on euery side with high hilles, amongst which, the high∣est * 1.158is Moillenlly, on the top whereof is a warlike Fense with Trench and Rampier, and a little Fountaine of cleere water. From these hilles, the Riuer Cluyd re∣sorts vnto this Vale, and from the very spring-head (increased with beckes and brookes) doth part it in twaine, running thorow the midst of it; whereof in ancient time it was named Strat Cluyd: for Marianus maketh mention of a King of the Strat Cluyd of the Welsh. And at this day it is commonly called Disfryn Cluyd, that is, The Vale of Cluyd.

This thing is worthy obseruation, as a matter me∣morable, both for admiration and antiquitie, that in * 1.159the parish of Llan-sanan within this Country, there is a place compasse cut out of the maine rocke by mans hand, in the side of a stonie hill, wherin there be foure and twenty seats to sit in, some lesse, some bigger, where children and young men, comming to seeke their cattle, vse to sit, and to haue their sports. And at this day they commonly call it Arthurs round Table.

* 1.160 (7) Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, obtaining Den∣bigh by the grant of King Edward the First, after the conuiction and beheading of Dauid brother of Lle∣wellin for high Treason, was the first that fortified it with a wall about, not large in circuit, but very strong, and on the south-side with a faire Castle, strengthned with many high Towers. But he gaue it ouer, and left the worke vnfinished, conceiuing griefe (as a sorrow∣full father) that his onely sonne came to vntimely death, and was drowned in the Well thereof. The * 1.161fame of this Towne spreads it selfe farre for repute, as being reckoned the most beautifull place in all North-Wales: and it is of no lesse report, for the Castle adiunct vnto it is impregnable for fortification. And this strange accident hapning there in the yeere 1575. deserues not to be omitted, being left as a continuall remembrance of Gods mercifull prouidence and pre∣seruation at that time: that where by reason of great * 1.162earth-quakes, many people were put into great feare, and had much harme done vnto them both within and without their houses, in the Cities of Yorke, Wor∣cester, Glocester, Bristow, Hereford, and in other Coun∣tries adiacent, yet in the Shire-hall of Denbigh the bell was caused to toll twice, by the shaking of the earth, and no hurt or hindrance at all either done or recei∣ued. The gouernment of this Towne is managed by two Aldermen, and two Bailiffes, who are yeerely ele∣cted * 1.163out of twenty fiue Burgesses, that are their Assi∣stants. It hath one Recorder, one Town-Clerke, and two Sergeants at Mace: and by obseruation of the Mathematicks, the Pole is eleuated in the degree of * 1.164Latitude 53. and 49. scruples, and from the first West point in Longitude 16. and 45.

* 1.165 (8) This County, with them of Flint and Carnar∣uon-shires, are not diuided by pricks into their seuerall Hundreds in their Cards, according to the rest of this worke, the want of their particulars in the Parlament Rowles so causing it, which for the good of these three Shires, I earnestly sought to haue supplied from the Nomina Villarum, in their Sheriffes bookes, and had promise of them that might easily haue procured the same. But whether a fearelesse iealousie possessed their spirits, lest the riches of these Shires, by reuealing such particulars, should be further sought into, I can∣not say: yet this I haue obserued in all my Suruey, that where least is to be had, the greatest feares are posses∣sed. Take these Shires therefore to bee done as I could, and not as I would, that wish both the wealth of them all, and their esteeme to bee of better regard by those that may doe them good.

* 1.166 (9) This Shire then is diuided into twelue Hun∣dreds, for the readier ordering of businesses necessary to the State of the Country, wherein are placed three * 1.167Market Townes, fit for buying and selling, and other negotiations. It hath fiue Castles to defend her selfe, * 1.168and to offend her enemies, and fiftie seuen Parishes * 1.169for Gods diuine seruice and worship, as this Table more particularly expresseth.

[illustration]

DENBIGH SHIRE

[illustration]

DENBIGH

• A. H••nllan stret
• B. Chappell Lane
• C. Sandy Lane
• D. High Stret
• E. Lower Stret
• F. Loue Lane
• G. Parke Lane
• H. Sow••er Lane
• I▪ The Chappell
• K. The Abbey
• L. The new church
• M. Lenton Poole
• N. The Castle
• P. The way to the Church

A Scale of pases

Anno Domini 1610 Performed by Iohn Speede

and are to be solde in Popes ••ead Alley against the exchange by Iohn Sudbury and George Hum∣ble. Cum Priuilegio.

THE SCALE OF MILES

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Denbigh-shire.

HVNDREDS in Denbigh-shire.

• 1. Bromfeild.
• 2. Yale.
• 3. Chirkland.
• 4. Issallet.
• 5. Vehallet.
• 6. Istulas.
• 7. Vochdulas.
• 8. Kynmerche.
• 9. Ruthin.
• 10. Llannerche.
• 11. Collion.
• 12. Dogvylyn.

A

• Abenbury.
• Abergele.
• Aled flu.
• Alen flu.
• Alen Bachan flu.
• Almere.
• Alwen flu.

B

• Bachinbid.
• Barrog.
• Barhauern.
• Bers.
• Bettus.
• Bodederis Landegley,
• Breynegloys.
• Bystok.

C

• Place Cadogan.
• Chirk.
• Chirk Castle.
• Christioneth flu.
• Clawedok flu.
• Clawedok flu.
• Clocanok.
• Cluyd flu.
• Cluyd flu.
• Comon-wood.

D

• Dasart.
• Castle Denas brayn.
• DENBIGH:
• Derwen.

E

• Eglos.
• Egluyseg.
• Elwy flu.

F

• Foxholes.
• Chapell Funhown vaier.

G

• Chapell Garmon.
• Gresford.
• Gwenurow flu.
• Gwetheryn.
• Gyrow flu.

H

• Hauotawern.
• Hendray.
• Hespyn flu.
• Heullan.
• Holt parke.
• Holt Castle.
• Holyn.

I

• Iscoid Chapell.

K

• Kenlet flu.
• Keriog flu.
• Chapell Ky.

L

• Llanarmon.
• Llanarmon.
• Llanarmon Defrine Keriog.
• Llanbeder.
• Llancadwalater.
• Llanddlas.
• Llandisilio in Deuouret.
• Llandurnog.
• Llanegwast Abbey.
• Llanelian.
• Llanelidan.
• Llanganhaual.
• Llangedwin.
• Llangiruew.
• Llangollen.
• Llangum.
• Llangwiuen.
• Llanhiclian.
• Llankerigedredion.
• Llanrayder.
• Llanrust.
• Llansanfrayd in Glyn.
• Llansanfraid.
• Llansaiman.
• Llanshanshare.
• Llansyllyn.
• Llanthiged.
• Llanvaier.
• Llanuarog.
• Llanverres.
• Llanusyd.
• Llanunnis.
• Llanyader Amoughnant.
• Llaruth.
• Llauaier.
• Lleuenye.
• Lleueny flu.
• Lleueny.
• Llynaled.

M

• Manyan flu.
• Markwiell.
• Maysmynan.
• Melendydar flu.
• Moyluinlle hill.
• Chapell Moynglathe.

N

• Nanclin.
• Neag flu.
• Newhall.

P

• Chapell Pentreuidog.
• Pergwerne.
• Plasward.

R

• Ruabon.
• RVTHIN.
• Ryader flu.

S

• Snediok parke.

T

• Tauat.
• Tiherion.

V

• Vagli.
• Veneghtid.

W

• Wheler flu.
• Whitchurch.
• WREXHAM.

Y

• Place Ycha.
• Yspity.

FLint-shire, stretching out in length, broad at one end, and * 1.170narrow at another, is not much vnlike in fashion to a wedge, a peece of which is cut off by the meeting of Cheshire and Denbigh-shire, South▪east in distance some foure miles. Jt borders East∣ward with part of Cheshire, from whence it is garded in length with the Riuer Dee vnto the North, which parteth Worrall and Flint-shire, till you come to a little Iland called Hell-bree: Northward it is bounded with the Virgiuian Sea: on the West a little Riuer called Cluyd parteth her and Denbigh-shire asunder: and on the South altogether by Shropshire.

* 1.171 (2) This Country is nothing mountainous, as other parts of Wales are, but rising gently all along the Riuer of Dee, makes a faire shew and prospect of her selfe to euery eie that beholds her, as well vpon the Riuer, being in most places thereabouts foure or fiue miles broad, as vpon the other side thereof, being a part of Cheshire.

* 1.172 (3) The Aire is healthfull and temperate, without any foggie clouds or fenny vapors, sauing that sometimes there ariseth from the Sea and the Riuer Dee, certaine thicke and smoky-seeming mists, which neuerthelesse are not found hurtfull to the Inhabitants, who in this part liue long and healthfully.

* 1.173 (4) The Clime is somwhat colder there then in Cheshire, by reason of the Sea & the Riuer that engirts the better part of her; by which, the Northerne windes being long carried vpon the waters, blow the more cold; and that side of the Country vpward, that lieth shoaring vnto the top, hauing neither shelter nor defence, receiueth them in their full power, and is naturally a Bulwarke from their violence vn∣to her bordering neighbours, that maketh the snow to lie much longer there then on the other side of the Riuer.

* 1.174 (5) The Soile bringeth forth plenty both of Corne and grasse, as also great store of Cattell, but they be little. To sup∣ply which defect, they haue more by much in their num∣bers * 1.175then in other places where they be bigger. Great store of fish they take in the Riuer of Dee, but little from the Sea, by reason they haue no Hauens or Creekes for boates. No great store of woods either there or in any other part of Wales are found, it hauing been a generall plague vnto all the Country euer since the headstrong rebellions of their Princes and great men against the Kings of England, that (in time) tooke away the principall helps of their Innouati∣ons, by cutting downe their woods, whereof in this Shire there hath heretofore been great plentie. Fruits are scarce, but milke, butter, and cheese plentie, as also store of honie, * 1.176of the which they make a pleasant wine, in colour like (in taste not much vnlike) vnto Muskadine, which they call Matheglin. Yea, and in the daies of Giraldus Cambrensis, neer the place now called Holy-well, was a rich Mine of Siluer, in seeking after which, men pierced and pried into the very bowels of the earth.

* 1.177 (6) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordouices, a sturdy people against the Romans, but now most kinde and gentle towards the English, and indeede make much of all strangers, except they bee crossed, and then they are the contrarie.

* 1.178 (7) Places of defense are the Castles of Flint, Hawarden, vulgarly Harden, Treer, Rudland, Mold, Yowley, and Hope: * 1.179of which, Flint and Harden are the two principall. The Ca∣stle of Flint, famous for the benefit it receiued from two Kings, and for the refuge and releefe it gaue vnto the third. * 1.180It was founded by Henry the Second, finished by Edward the First, and long after gaue harbour and entertainment to that * 1.181noble, but vnfortunate Prince, Richard the Second, com∣ming out of Ireland, being within her walles a free and ab∣solute King, but no sooner without, but taken prisoner by Henry Bullingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, losing at that time his libertie, and not long after his life. This standeth in the graduation of Latitude 53. 55. minutes, in Longitude 17.

* 1.182 For the Castle of Hawarden, no record remaines of the first Founder, but that it was held a long time by the Stew∣ards of the Earles of Chester▪ Howbeit, their resistance•• did not so generally consist in the strength of their Castles and Fortifications, as in their Mountaines and Hilles, which in times of danger serued as naturall Bulwarkes and Defenses vnto them against the force of enemies. As was that which * 1.183standeth in a certaine strait set about with Woods, heere vnto the Riuer Alen, called Coles-hull, that is, Coles-hill, where the English, by reason of their disordered multitude, not ranged close in good array, lost the Field, and were de∣feated, when King Henry the Second had made as great pre∣paration as might be to giue Battle vnto the Welsh, and the very Kings Standard was forsaken by Henry of Essex, who was Standard-bearer to the Kings of England in right of in∣heritance.

(8) This Country hath many shallow Riuers in it, but none of fame and note, but Dee and Cluyae. Howbeit, there is a Spring not farre from Ruthland Castle, of great report and antiquity, which is termed Fons Sacer, in English, Holy * 1.184Well, and is also commonly called S. Winefrids Well; of whom antiquity thus reporteth: That Winefrid a Christian Virgin very faire and vertuous, was doted vpon by a young lustfull Prince or Lord of the Country, who not being able to rule his head-strong affections, hauing many times in vaine at∣tempted and tried her chastitie, both by rich gifts and large promises, could not by any meanes obtaine his desires; hee therefore (in a place of aduantage) suddenly surprized and rauished her weake (yet resisting) body. After the deede done, the cruell Tyrant, to stoppe her cries and acclamati∣ons, slew her, and cut off her head: out of which place did * 1.185suddenly arise a Spring that continueth to this day, carry∣ing from the Fountaine such a forcible streame & current, as the like is not found in Christendome. Ouer the head of the Spring there is built a Chapell of free stone, with Pil∣lars * 1.186curiously wrought and ingraued, in the Chancell wher∣of, and glasse window, the picture of the Virgin is drawne, together with the memoriall of her life and death. To this Fountaine Pilgrims are accustomed to repaire in their zea∣lous, but blinde deuotion, and diuers others resort to bathe in, holding firmely that the water is of much vertue.

* 1.187 There bee many red stones in the bottome of this Well, and much greene mosse growing vpon the sides: the super∣stition of the people holding that those red spots in the stones were drops of the Ladies bloud, which all the water in the Spring can neuer wash away; and that the mosse about the wall was her haire, which though some of it be giuen to euery stranger that comes, yet it neuer wasteth. But how∣soeuer this be carried for truth by the tradition of time, the mosse it selfe smelles exceeding sweet.

* 1.188 There is also hard by Kilken (a small village) within this County, a little Well of no great note, that at certaine times riseth and falleth, after the manner of Sea-tides.

(9) In the South part of this Country, diuided from the rest, is a place (in some written Copies of Antonine called B••nium) which we now terme Banchor, first a City, and af∣terwards * 1.189a Monastery of famous memorie, and the first that is read of in the world: wherein (as Beda saith) were a great * 1.190number of Monkes, and them diuided into seuen Compa∣nies, euery one hauing his seuerall Ruler assigned. None of these Companies had lesse then three hundred persons deuoted to praier, and to get liuing by their owne labour, for themselues and the poore: although it hath long since beene vtterly ruinate, so as now there is scarce seene the face and outward shew of a dead City ••r Monasterie. It hath on∣lie * 1.191the names of two Gates remaining, one standing a mile distant from another, and betwixt which the Riuer Dee now runneth, where are often times found many peeces of Roman Coine, and other tokens of antiquitie. But of these shall be more mention made in the following Historie.

Another like Monasterie, but of lesser account, stood in the Vale beneath Varis (a little Citie placed by the Romans * 1.192in the confines of this Shire and Denbigh-shire) and vpon the Banke of Elwy and Cluyd: This the Britaines call Llan-Elwy, * 1.193of the Riuer; the Englishmen, Asaph, of the Founder, and the Historiographers, Asaphensis. It is more famoused for antiquity, then for building or brauery: for about the yeere 560▪ Kentigern Bishop of Glasc••, being fled hither out * 1.194of Scotland, placed heere a Bishops See, and erected a Mo∣nasterie, gathering together 663. in a religious brother∣hood, whereof 300. that were vnlearned, gaue themselues to husbandrie, and to worke within the Monasterie, the * 1.195rest to praier and meditations. When he returned into Scot∣land, he ordained Asaph, a godly and vpright man, to bee * 1.196Gouernour ouer this Monasterie, of whom it tooke the name, and is called Saint Asaphs.

* 1.197 Another Monasterie of great account was at Basingwarke in this County, neere vnto which beganne that admirable Ditch drawne thence vnto the mouth of Seuerne by King Offa, the tract whereof I haue expressed thorow this * 1.198Shire, and will further speake thereof in the following Hi∣storie. * 1.199

(10) This Shire is diuided into fiue Hundreds, fortified with seuen Castles, hath onely one Market Towne, and twenty eight Parishes, in which there is continuall celebra∣tion of diuine Seruice.

[illustration]

FLINTSHIRE

[illustration]

SAINT ASAPH

A SCALE OF PASES

[illustration]

S^t. WIN••••••IDS WELL

[illustration]

FLINT

[illustration]

A SCALE OF PASES

At Flint Castle king R. •• was surprised by the f••lshade of L. Henry▪ Per••ye Earle of Northumberland, ••nd betrayed into the handes of Henry Bullingbrook Duke of Lan∣caster, whence he was conveyed as prisoner to London: comitted to the Tower: deposed, and thence sent to Leedes Castle in Kent▪ lastly to P••••ford and there murdered. Ann•• 1400. Febr. 13

C•••• Pri••••leg••••. 1610 Performed by ••ohn Speed••▪

are to be sold in Popes head alley against the ••xch•••••• by Iohn Sudbury and George H••••bell J••d••cus H••••di••s C••l••vit

THE SCALE OF MILES

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and places mentioned in Flint-shire.

HVNDREDS in Flintshire.

• 1 MOuld.
• 2 Mailers.
• 3 Rudland.
• 4 Presttattyn.
• 5 Coleshill.

A

• Alen.
• Alen flu:
• S. Asaph.
• Llan
• Asaphe.

B

• Bangor.
• Basingwark.
• Bottesl••y.
• Broughton.
• Bruerton.
• Burton.

C

• CAIER WIS.
• Cluyn flu.
• Combe.
• Cornish.

D

• Darland Greene.
• Demyrchion.
• Nether
• Droitwiche.
• Ouer
• Droitwiche.
• Dyffyrdwy, or
• Dee flu.
• Dyssart.

E

• Escoyte hall.

F

• Fens hall.
• Flint.

G

• Gronant.
• Gulgraue.
• Gwenusker.

H

• Hanmere.
• Harden Castle.
• Haulton.
• Holiwell.
• Horsheath.

K

• Kilken.
• Kinnerton.

M

• Maghegreg.
• Meliden.
• Merford.
• Molde.
• M oston.

N

• Nannarch.
• Chapell
• Nerquoyes.
• Northop.

O

• Clawdh
• Offa, or,
• Offas ditch.
• Old parke.
• Orton madok.

P

• Penley chapell.
• Potruthan.
• Potuary.
• Prestatin.

R

• Relusnoyde.
• Rudland castle.

S

• Seuion flu.
• Skiuiog.

T

• Tagidog flu.
• Talarkrey.
• Treer castle.
• Trethyn.
• Treuealen.

W

• Wheler flu.
• Whitford.
• Whitwell
• Chapell.
• Willington.
• Worthenbury.

Y

• Yowley Castle.
• Yowley hall.

CAERNARVON-SHIRE.

CHAPTER XIV.

CAernaruonshire, in Welsh Sir * 1.200 Caer-ar-vō, so called because it is iust ouer against Anglesey (which these Britaines call Mon) & in composition was termed also Snowden-Forrest, before Wales was laid into Shires; the Northside wherof & the west butteth vpon the Irish sea, the south-side is en∣closed with Merioneth, and the East with Denbighshires from which it is seuered by the riuer Conwy.

* 1.201 (2) The forme thereof is much like a wedge, long and narrow toward the South, and growing still wider towards the north, so that from Peuenkelepoint Southward, to Orms∣head point Northward, are 40. Miles from the Riuer Con∣wy Eastward to the Riuer Llenoy Westward Miles, 20. and the whole circumference 110. Miles.

* 1.202 (3) The Aire is sharpe and piercing, by reason that the Country hath not naturall prouision to ensconce her selfe against the extremity of winds and wether: but especially as may be thought, through the continuance of the snow on the hils, which also exclude the Sunnes aspect and warmth.

* 1.203 (4) The Soile cannot be much commended for the fer∣tility, except those parts of the Seacoasts, which lie on the West towards Ireland; but for the hart of this Shire, it is al∣together mountainous, as if Nature had a purpose heere, by rearing vp these craggy hils so thicke together, strongly to compact the ioynts of this our Iland, and to frame the In∣land part thereof for a fit place of refuge to the Britaines, a∣gainst those times of aduersitie which afterward did fall vp∣on them; for no Army though neuer so strongly, or scarce any Trauailers though neuer so lightly appointed, can find * 1.204passage among those so many roughe and hard rockes, so many vales and pooles here and there, crossing all the waies, as ready obstacles to repell any Inroades of forraine assai∣lants. These mountaines may not vnfitly be termed the Bri∣tish * 1.205Alpes, as being the most vast of all Britaine, and for their steepnes and craggines not vnlike to those of Italy, all of them towring vp into the Aire, and round encompassing one farre higher then all the rest, peculiarly called Snowdon * 1.206Hill, though the other likewise in the same sense, are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry, as much as Snowy Mountaines, taking their name, as doth (by Plinies testimony) Niphates in Armenia, and Imaus in Scythia: For all the yeere long these lie mantelled ouer with Snow hard crusted together, though otherwise for their height they are open and lia∣ble both to the Sun to dissolue them, and the winds to ouer∣sweepe them.

* 1.207 (5) The ancient inhabitants of this Country were the Ordouices, of whom wee haue sufficiently spoken in the description of the former prouinces; neither need I insist ei∣ther vpon the pleasures or profits that this Country yeel∣deth, by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbigh-shire and Flint-shire before mentioned: But this beyond the other in some places * 1.208breeds certaine Shel-fishes, which beeing conceiued by an heauenly deaw, bring forth Pearles, in ancient times more reckoned, of then now they are.

(6) Touching places of Note, that City is very ancient * 1.209which the Emperour Antonine calleth Segontium, taking name of a riuer running by, which at this day is called Se∣iont: * 1.210some reliques of the walls whereof doe yet appeare, neere vnto a little Church consecrated to the honour of * 1.211 Saint Publicius. This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith, which some interpret the City of Constantine. Indeed Ma∣thew Westminster saith (how true I know not) that Anno 1283. here was found the body of Constantius (Father to great Constantine) which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the Church of the new City, which he raised out of the ruines of the old, & is now called * 1.212Caernaruon, which giueth name to this whole Shire. The Towne it selfe yeeeldeth a most excellent prospect towards the Sea, and is encompassed (in a manner) round with the walls of the Castle: so as wee may say, it is a City with∣in a Castle, which taketh vp the whole West-side of it: * 1.213and great pity it is, that so famous a worke should not bee perpetuous, or euer become the ruine of time, which is much feared, for the mercilesse vnderminings of the Sea, that with her daily and forcible irruptions neuer ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key. The people of this Towne are well approued for courtesie, and also Ciuill go∣uernment, which is administred by the Constable of the Ca∣stle (who is euer Maior by Patent) hauing the assistance of * 1.214one Alderman, two Bayliffes, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Towne-Clerke. The Townesmen doe not a little glorie that King Edward the second was borne there, in a Tower of the Castle called Eagle-Tower, and surnamed of Caer-nar-uon, * 1.215he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line. The site of this Towne according to Mathematical obseruation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point, and the Pole eleuated in Latitude 53. and 50.

Bangor the Bishops See, though it bee now but a small Towne, yet was it in times past so large, that for the greatnes thereof it was called Banchor Vaur, that is, Great Banchor; * 1.216which Hugh Earle of Chester fortified with a Castle. But it hath bin long since vtterly ruinated and laid leuell with the ground, insomuch, as there is not any footing to be foūd or other monuments left therof, although they haue bin sought with all diligent inquiry. This Bishops see hath within the diocesse ninety sixe parishes. But the ancient Church which was consecrated vnto Daniel sometime Bishop thereof, was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebell Owen * 1.217Glendowerdwy, who had a purpose also to destroy all the Ci∣ties of Wales, for that they stood for the King of England: And though the same Church was since repaired about the time of King Henry the seuenth, yet hath it scarce recouered the resemblance of her former dignity.

* 1.218 The Riuer Conway (which limitteth this Shire on the East∣side) is in Ptolomy by corruption or ignorance of Transcri∣bers called Toisonius, in stead of Cononius, whence Canonium (a Towne mentioned by Antonine) tooke name: and albeit both it, and its name bee now vtterly extinct, yet is there a couert remembrance therof in the new name of a poor vil∣lage, standing among the rubbish thereof, called Caer-hean * 1.219(that is) The ancient City: Out of the spoile wherof King Edward the first built a new Town at the Riuers mouth, ter∣med thereupon Aber-Conwey: (that is) the mouth of Conwey, which beeing formerly fortified by Hugh of Chister, and * 1.220strongly situate and fenced both with walls, and a faire Ca∣stle by the Riuers side, deserues rather the name of a Citie then a Towne, if it were more populous and traffiqued with inhabitants. Neither must I here forget Newin, though but a small market Towne, for that it pleased the English Nobles * 1.221Anno 1284. to honour it, and the memory of King Arthur, with triumphant celebrity, after they had subdued the Re∣bellious Ringleaders of Wales.

7. Other matters of memorable Note this Country af∣fordeth not much, vnlesse perhaps this, That iust ouer a∣gainst the Riuer Conwey where it issueth into the Sea, there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey, which many yeeres agoe was consumed by lightning, & so made vtterly desolate, as many other monuments haue beene of ancient and worthy memory. As likewise that in the Pool * 1.222Lin-Peris there is a kind of fish called there Torcoch hauing a red belly, no where else seene. For touching these two o∣ther miracles famoused by Giraldus and Geruasius; that on those his high hils there are two Pools called the Mears, the one of which produceth great store of fish, but all hauing only one eie, & in the other there is a moueable Iland, which as soone as a man treadeth on, it forthwith floteth a great way off, wherby the Welsh are said to haue osten scaped and deluded their enemies assayling them: these matters are out of my Creed, and yet I thinke the Reader had rather beleeue them, then to go to see whether it be so or no.

* 1.223 It is traded with fiue market Townes fit for bargaining, buying and selling, fortified with foure Castles, and hath six∣ty eight Parish Churches in it, where the Inhabitants con∣curre and meete together for the Celebration of diuine seruice.

[illustration]

CAERNARVON BOTH SHYRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient Citie BANGOR described. Anno Domini 1610

[illustration]

CAERNARVON

Places

• A Llanvore lane
• B Tuttle Strete
• C Prickey Sithy
• D Pount Prith
• E Lone Peblike
• F High Strete
• G Castle Strete
• H Ditch Strete
• I The Conduite
• K Shire Hall
• L Shire hall strete
• M Strete a place
• N Pepper lane
• O Church lane
• P Oatmeal mar▪
• Q The Free Schole
• R The Keye
• S West Gate
• T The Chappell
• V The Exche••kquer
• W The Castle
• Y East Gate
• Z The Church w••••••

A SCALE OF PASES

[illustration]

HONI SOIT 〈◊〉〈◊〉 MAL Y PENSE

[illustration]

BANGOR

A SCALE OF 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Anno Dom. 1610. Performed by Iohn Spede

and are to be solde in Popes head Alley ouer against the Ex∣change by Iohn Sudbury and Georg Hum∣ble Cum Privilegio.

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and memorable places mentioned in Caernaruon-shire.

• ABERCONWY.
• Aberearch.
• Apennant.

B

• BANGER.
• Bardesey Iland.
• Bednell.
• Bedskrethlim.
• Bedsyllin.
• Bethkelert.
• Bettus Seyrionython.
• Bettus Garmon.
• Betunog.
• Bodvean.
• Boduerin Chappell.
• Braychypult point.
• Bryncrois.
• Brimmoyle.
• Brynyryn.

C

• Caier I erienrode.
• Caierhean.
• CARNARVAN.
• Carngugh Chappell.
• Carrog flu.
• Carodinbill-rocke.
• Clenoguaure.
• Clenunay.
• Conwy flu.
• Llyn Coulwyd.

D

• Daren flu.
• Castle Delbadern.
• Dinas Orveg.
• Dinas Dynlle.
• Llyn.
• Dolathelan.
• Dolathelan Castle.
• Dolbemer.
• Dowye Gonulchy.

E

• Earch flu.
• Edarne.
• Eglos-rosse.
• Saint Elyn.

F

• Funnon Llegoe.

G

• Gastell flu.
• Girch flu.
• Guffin flu.
• Guffin.
• Gwely flu.
• Gwelyn Island.
• Gwider.

K

• Saint Katherins.
• Kenhayerne Chappell.
• Kerig Chappell.
• Keueamulch.
• Kreky the Castle.
• Kydeo.

L

• Llanaber.
• Llanarmon.
• Llanbeblin.
• Llanbedro.
• Llanbeder.
• Llanberis.
• Llyn Llanberis.
• Llancastyn.
• Llandaguinnim.
• Llandidno.
• Llandidwen.
• Llandigaio.
• Llandrighla.
• Llandurog.
• Llangeby.
• Llangedol Chappell▪ or Pentire.
• Llangenvill Chappell.
• Llanghennyn.
• Llangustennyn.
• Llanken.
• Llanlledhyd.
• Llanlleueny.
• Lannor.
• Llanpenmachno.
• Llanrughwen.
• Llannyhangle.
• Enreage.
• Lannihangle.
• Maghholet.
• Llannunda.
• Llanyngan.
• Llanstidwy.
• Llanthaniolen.
• Llanvaier vachan.
• Lanuaier Iskaer.
• Llanuaielrise.
• Llanuaglan.
• Llanuylhayrne.
• Lledder flu:
• Lleggy flu.
• Llenony flu.
• Lloinderis.
• Glyn, Llynan.
• Lynan flu.
• Llyndothadern.
• Llynhaladoylen.
• Llynkeggil.
• Llynmumber.
• Llyntreuennin.
• Llynnydulyn.
• Llynyga.

M

• Madryn.
• Mapanab.
• May flu.
• Mercrosse Island.
• Mildeyrne.
• Monithnuehill.

N

• Nangunadle.
• Naulle.
• NEWIN.

O

• Ogwen Chappell.
• Ormeshead point▪

P

• Penlleache.
• Penmen maur.
• Penmen bidam.
• Pen moruay.
• Penry.
• Peuryn.
• Penuenkle point.
• Pistill.
• Porlerit flu.
• Porthathuferye.
• PVLLHELY.

R

• Rue.
• Ryuill hill.

S

• Saint flu.
• Sinadon Castle.
• Snowdown hill.
• Stidwell Island.

T

• Teduelion.
• Thenuio.
• Trathe Maur.
• Treuelis.
• Tycomer point.

ANGLESEY.

CHAPTER XV.

* 1.224 ANglesey was in the time of the Romanes called Mona, by the Britaines, Mon, and Tir-Mon (that is) the land of Mon, of the ancient English Saxons Moneg: And at last, after the Englishmen had by their sharpe and se∣uerall assaults brought it vnder their rule, and be∣came Lords thereof, it was tearmed Anglesey, as one would say, The Englishmens Iland.

* 1.225 For, an Iland it is, albeit it be seuered from the continent of Britaine, but with a small and narrow streight of the riuer Menai, and on all other parts beaten vpon with the surging and troublous Irish sea, in which it lieth somewhat square wise, not much different in length and breadth; beeing, where it reacheth out in length, from Beau-marish eastward, * 1.226to the vtmost Promontorie westward, which we cal * 1.227Holy-head, twenty miles; and in breadth from Llan∣baderik northward, to the point of Menai south∣ward, seuenteene miles; the whole circuit or cir∣cumference amounting towards seuenty miles.

* 1.228 The aire is reasonable, gratefull and healthful, and not generally subiect to diseases, excepting cer∣taine Agues at some times, which are occasioned by the Fogs and misty exhalations▪ which arise from the sea called Mare Virgiuium, with the which this lle is encompassed.

* 1.229 The commodities that commend, (or rather beautifie) this Country, are in Corne and Cattle, wherewith it not onely enricheth it selfe exceeding∣ly, but sendeth out great prouision thereof to o∣thers to supply their defects, and although the ground may seeme drie and stony, or vnpleasant and nothing sightly, wherein for the outward qua∣lity, it resembleth some other parts of Wales, that are not so fruitfull, yet for the inward bounties of na∣ture, it is farre vnlike: for aboue all the coasts of Wales it is most plentifull of Wheat, insomuch as by * 1.230Giraldus Cambrensis report, they are wont to say in Welsh, by way of a prouerbe, Mon Mam Cymbry, which is to say, Mon is the mother of Wales; for, that when other Countries haruest failes round about, or their prouision is exhaust & drawn drie, this alone like a prouident, and full-brested mother, is able to sustaine the rest. Whereunto Na∣ture most prouidently hath added another benefite * 1.231seruiceable and necessary to the former, in that the * 1.232Country produceth also those kind of stones which are called Molares, as of all other fittest to make Mil-stones or Grind-stones. In some places also it yeeldeth an earth of Aluminous quality, out of which some not long since beganne to make Alom and Co∣perose, who (like vnflesht souldiers) gaue ouer their enterprise without further hope, because at first they saw it not answere their ouerhasty expectations.

* 1.233 The ancient inhabitants of this Country were the Ordouices, mentioned before in the precedent pro∣uinces of Denbigh-shire, Flint-shire, and Carnaruon∣shire. And this very Iland was that ancient, and so much enobled seat of the British Druyds, who so amated the army of Romane inuaders, as Tacitus re∣ports, and as elsewhere wee haue related in the sixt booke and seuenth Chapter of our ensuing history. * 1.234

This Nation was attempted first by Paulinus Sue∣tonius in the raigne of Nero, but brought vnder the Romane Empire by Iulius Agricola. When the Em∣pire of the Romanes in Britaine began to decline and goe downeward; some out of Ireland entred into this Isle by stealth, and nestled themselues there, as may be gathered by certaine mounts of earth entrenched about, and yet to be scene, which they call the Irish mens Cottages; as also by a place named of the Irish-men, yn Hiericy Gwidil, who did there (as is recorded) * 1.235put the Britaines to flight vnder the leading of Siri∣gus. The Norwegians also were often infestous to this Iland; but King Ethelreds Fleet, hauing in the yeare 1000. scowred the seas round about this Isle, far exceeded all both Irish and Norwegian depopula∣tiōs, for they wasted the country in al hostile maner.

After this, two Hughs both Normans did great∣ly afflict this Iland; the one being Earle of Chester, the other of Shrewsbury; at which very time Mag∣nus the Norwegian arriuing there▪ shot Hugh Earle of Shrewsbury through with an arrow, and depar∣ted after hee had ransacked the Iland. It was af∣terwards grieuously infested by the Englishmen, who neuer gaue ouer from time to time to inuade it, vn∣til * 1.236in the raigne of King Edward the first, it was whol∣ly brought vnder his subiection.

The principall towne in this Isle is Beaumarish, which the said King Edward the first built in the east. * 1.237side thereof, and for the faire situation, though in a morish place, gaue it the name which it now beareth, whereas in times past it was called Bonouer; which he also fortified with a goodly castle.

* 1.238 The Maior is the chiefest Magistrate of the town, who is yearely chosen, and hath the assistance and helpe of two Bayliffes, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Towne-Clearke: by whose carefull diligence the affaires of this towne are orderly managed and commanded, whose latitude is 54. and longitude 15. 45. minutes.

Not farre from hence is Lhaanuais, in times past a faire religious house of the Friars Minors, which * 1.239although it bee now in a manner raced out of me∣morie, yet antiquity maketh mention that it hath beene of great regard among the Kings of England, who haue shewed themselues very bountifull Pa∣trons vnto that Couent, both in respect of the san∣ctimonious life of such as conuersed there, as also be∣cause there the bodies of very eminent persons, as the daughter of King Iohn, the sonne of a King of the Dancs, as likewise of many great Lords, Knights and Squires were enterred, that were slain in the wars against the Welsh, in the time of many illustrious Kings of England.

* 1.240 This Isle is reckoned to haue had anciently ma∣ny villages in it, euen to the number of three hun∣dred threescore and three; and the same euen at this day is very well peopled.

* 1.241 The diuision of this Isle for disposition of affairs that belong either to the state of the crowne, or to the condition of the Country, is into sixe Hundreds: in which are seated two market townes, and seuenty foure parish Churches for Gods diuine honour and worship, as is Alphabetically gathered in the Table following.

[illustration]

ANGLESEY Antiently called MONA. Described 1610

[illustration]

BEAUMARIS

• A The Castell
• B Castell stret
• C We••am stret
• D Water Gate
• E Wall stret
• F Rotten Row
• G Clay pitt lane
• H Free Schole
• I Market House
• K Britons mills
• L Britons Hill
• M The Friery

A SCALE OF PASES

Performed by Iohn Speed▪

and are to be sold in Popes-head alley by Iohn Sudbury and George Humbell. Cum Privilegio.

Jodocus Hondius C••lavit Anno Domini ••6••0

THE SCALE OF ENGLISH MILES.

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes, Riuers, and memorable places mentioned in Anglesey.

HVNDREDS in Anglesey.

• 1. TAlyboliou.
• 2. Twrkelyn.
• 3. Llyfon.
• 4. Malltrach.
• 5. Meney.
• 6. Tyndaythwy.

A

• Aberfro. Mall.
• Abermenai ferye Meney
• Alow flu.
• Amlwo••h Twrk.

B

• BEWMARIS. Tyn.
• Boddon Mall.
• Bodedrin Llyf.
• Bodmon hill. Twrk.
• Bodower∣vcha. Meny.
• Bodowe∣rissa. Meney.
• Bodwrog. Llyf.
• Brant flu.
• Brant flu.

C

• Caergiby Taly.

D

• Dinas wethon, Taly.
• Dulas slu.

G

• Gronait Taly.
• Gweger flu.
• Gynt flu.

H

• Hardrauaie Meney.
• Hendregadog Meney.
• Hillary point. Twrk.
• Holy-head Taly.

I

• Inys wealt. Llyf.
• Inys lygod Twrk.
• Chapell Ithon. Twrk.

K

• Saint Katherins▪ Tynd.
• Keuenye flu.
• Kirghhiog Llyf.

L

• Llanallgo Twrk.
• Llanarghymeath Tw.
• Llanbabo Taly.
• Llanbadrig Taly.
• Llanbedor Tyn.
• Llanbeullan Llyf.
• Llanddniol∣vab. Meney
• Llandegvayne. Tyn.
• Llandru∣um. Meney.
• Llandona, Tyn.
• Landou∣rodok. Twrk▪
• Llandisilio, Tyn.
• Llandry∣garn, Llyf.
• Llandifry∣dog. Twrk,
• Llaneaston, Tyn,
• Llan edwen Meney.
• Llaneigred Twk.
• Llaneleth frenin. Twrk.
• Llanelian Twrk.
• Llanfechel Taly.
• Llhanfinan Meney.
• Llanflewin Taly.
• Llangaffo Meney.
• Llangefin Meney.
• Llangnewin Meney.
• Llangristioles Mal.
• Langourday Tyn.
• Llangoyhlog Mall.
• Llangwildog Llyf.
• Llangwyfen Mall.
• Llangyd. walader. Mall.
• Langynwen, Mall.
• Llanheneglos Mall.
• Llanllawen vawr yn. ros golyn. Men.
• Llanllibio Llyf.
• Lanredfel. Meney.
• Llanrid∣lad Taly.
• Llanroderis Twrk.
• Llanrwydrys Taly.
• Llansadurne Tyn.
• Llansanfraid Taly.
• Llanthowywer Men.
• Llanthufuam Tyn,
• Llanuachraith. Taly.
• Llanuaethly Taly.
• Llanuaier vp wradige, Twr.
• Llanuaier Taly.
• Llanuaier eubroll. Llyf.
• Llanuaier
• Inhanering∣sithay. Tyn.
• Llanua••r ycromwd. Meney.
• Lanvaiergwin pull gingill Tyn.
• Llanuair yng∣howrnyw. Taly.
• Llanvailog Llyf.
• Llanvais Tyn.
• Llanuerion Mall.
• Llanuigail Taly.
• Llanuihangell Llyf.
• Llanuihangle ymhemros. Twrk
• Llanuihangle yskiwiog. Men.
• Llanuihangell tre iz bard. Twr.
• Llanuwrog Taly.
• Llanwenll∣wife Twrk.
• Llan yddey∣sant. Taly.
• Lanyng∣henell. Llyf.
• Llanyhangel Tyn.
• Llany try••auit. Llyf.
• Llechryd Llyf.
• Llech-gyn farwy. Llyf.
• Llinon flu.
• Lloydearth Twrk.
• Lluidon Meney.
• Llyn Corran. Mall.

M

• Cappell Maier. Mall.
• Malltraeth flu.
• Mathhanan flu.
• Menai flu.

N

• NEWBVRGH. Me.
• Place Newith. Tyn.

P

• Penmynid Meney.
• Pentreath Tyn.
• Pontrid pont. Taly.
• Pontuorid Tyn.
• Porthamble Meney.
• Porthathu∣ferye. Tyn.
• Precead∣duet. Lyf.
• Prestholme Island. Tyn.
• The Priorye Tyn.

R

• Redgynt Meney.
• Redigilio Meney.
• Ros beiro Twrk.
• Rown table hill Tyn.

S

• Saint Sirian. Tyn.
• The sound Tyn.

T

• Cappell Talallayn. Mal.
• Talyllin Twrk.
• Trefdraeth Mall.
• Tregauon Meney.
• Treuarthin Meney.
• Trewalchmay Llyf.
• Trysylwin hils Twrk.

Y

• Ycoedon Twrk.
• Cappell Yloughroid. Taly.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Verstegan. lib. Restit. cap. 5.
• * 1.2

  Offa made a Meare betweene his Kingdome & Wales.
• * 1.3

  The breadth and length of Wales
• * 1.4

  Rodericus Magnus diuided it into three Regions.

  An Christ. 870.
• * 1.5

  Shrewsbury.
• * 1.6

  D. Powel.
• * 1.7

  Gwyneth or North-Wales.
• * 1.8

  Anglesey.
• * 1.9

  Caernaruon.
• * 1.10

  M^r Tate. Hist of Wales.
• * 1.11

  Môn or Anglesey the first part of North-Wales.

  Beau-marish the chiefe towne of Anglesey.
• * 1.12

  Aruon or Caer∣naruon the second part of North-Wales.

  Caernaruon th•• shire towne of the Countie of Carnaruon.
• * 1.13

  Merioneth the third part of North-Wales.
• * 1.14

  Y Beruedhwlad the fourth part of North-Wales▪
• * 1.15

  D. Pow. Hist. of Wales.
• * 1.16

  M••thr••u••ll the second Kingdom.
• * 1.17

  Powys Vadoc the first part belong∣ing to Mathraua
• * 1.18

  Powys betweene Wy and Seuerne, the second part belonging to Mathraual.
• * 1.19

  Powys Wenwin∣wyn the third part of Mathra∣ual.
• * 1.20

  South-Wales the third Kingdome.
• * 1.21

  Caerdigan the first part of Sou
• * 1.22

  The towne of Cardigan.
• * 1.23

  Dyuet or Pem∣brocke the second part of South-VVales.
• * 1.24

  Caermardenshire the third part of South-VVales.
• * 1.25

  Glamorganshire the fourth part of South-Wales.
• * 1.26

  Gwent the fift part of South-Wales.
• * 1.27

  Brecknockshire the sixt part of South-Wales.
• * 1.28

  An. 35. cap. ••5.
• * 1.29

  An. 27. cap. 27.
• * 1.30

  Pembroke-shire bounds.
• * 1.31

  The forme.
• * 1.32

  The aire.
• * 1.33

  Giraldus.

  Cambden.
• * 1.34

  The ancient In∣habitants.
• * 1.35

  Henry the First planted Nether∣landers in this Shire.
• * 1.36

  W. Malmes. lib. 5.
• * 1.37

  The commo∣dities.
• * 1.38

  Pembroke the chiefe Towne.
• * 1.39

  S. Dauids.
• * 1.40

  Edmund Earle of Richmond.
• * 1.41

  Castles.

  • 1. Kilga••ren.
  • 2. Newport.
  • 3. Marber••ury.
  • 4. Wa••••in cast.
  • 5. Roch cast.
  • 6. The Block∣houses.
  • 7. Ha••erford.
  • 8. Benton.
  • 9. Carew east.
  • 10. Red castle.
  • 11. Narbarth.
  • 12. Pickton.
  • 13. R••se cast.
  • 14. Castle Bigh.
  • 15. Castle Males
  • 16. H••yes.
• * 1.42

  The name of this Shire.
• * 1.43

  The forme.
• * 1.44

  The Aire.
• * 1.45

  The ancient In∣habitants of this Shire.
• * 1.46

  Tacitus in vitae Agrico.
• * 1.47

  Cambden.
• * 1.48

  The Commo∣dities.
• * 1.49

  The chiefe Towne.
• * 1.50

  Merlin a phanta∣sticall W••••ard.
• * 1.51

  Carreg-Castle.
• * 1.52

  The Ritters and Market Townes.
• * 1.53

  How this shire tooke his name.
• * 1.54

  The forme of it and measure.
• * 1.55

  The Aire.
• * 1.56

  Taue the chiefe Riuer.
• * 1.57

  Cacrdif the chiefe Towne of all South-Wales.
• * 1.58

  Beauclark.

  Curthose.
• * 1.59

  The graduation of Cardif.
• * 1.60

  Landaf.
• * 1.61

  Giraldus.
• * 1.62

  Things of str••ge note.
• * 1.63

  Clemens Alex. Strom. lib. 7.
• * 1.64

  A strange well.
• * 1.65

  Polybius.
• * 1.66

  Minyd-Margan.
• * 1.67

  The number of Castles in this Shire.
• * 1.68

  Religious houses.
• * 1.69

  The diuision of this Shire.
• * 1.70

  The name of Monmouthshire.
• * 1.71

  The Borders of Monmouthshire.
• * 1.72

  The forme.
• * 1.73

  The aire.
• * 1.74

  The Soile.
• * 1.75

  The ancient In∣habitants.
• * 1.76

  In the life of Tathaie.
• * 1.77

  Jn Iti••er. Cambr.
• * 1.78

  Girald.
• * 1.79

  Monmouth Tovvne.
• * 1.80

  King Henry the fift borne in Monmouth.
• * 1.81

  Religious houses suppressed.
• * 1.82

  Castles.

  Market-Townes.

  The Shires di••i∣sion.

  Gir••l. C••••••.
• * 1.83

  The Bounds of BR••KNOC••.
• * 1.84

  The Length and Bredth.
• * 1.85

  Girald. in lib. Jti∣ner. Camb.
• * 1.86

  The nature of the Soile.
• * 1.87

  The ancient in∣habitants.
• * 1.88

  Tacitus in vit. Agricol.
• * 1.89

  Arthurs Chaire.
• * 1.90

  Llynsauathan•• Meere.
• * 1.91

  Giral. Ca••br.
• * 1.92

  The Market Townes.
• * 1.93

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.94

  The Di••i••••on••▪
• * 1.95

  The bounds of Radnor-shire.
• * 1.96

  The forme.
• * 1.97

  The circuit.
• * 1.98

  The aire.
• * 1.99

  The soile.
• * 1.100

  The ancient people.

  Tacit. in vit. Agri.
• * 1.101

  Polycrhon.
• * 1.102

  Ann. Dom. 1282.
• * 1.103

  Radnor.

  In the booke of Notices.
• * 1.104

  Cambden.
• * 1.105

  Prestayn.
• * 1.106

  Knighton.
• * 1.107

  In his Poly∣craticon.

  Iohn Salesburie.
• * 1.108

  Raihader Gowy.
• * 1.109

  The ancient name.
• * 1.110

  Limits.
• * 1.111

  Forme.
• * 1.112

  Dimenstie.
• * 1.113

  Aire.
• * 1.114

  Soile.
• * 1.115

  The Beauer in former times found heere.
• * 1.116

  The Salmon.
• * 1.117

  The Salmons leape▪
• * 1.118

  The Commodi∣ties of this shire.
• * 1.119

  The ancient people.
• * 1.120

  Julius Frontinus.
• * 1.121

  King Rufus.

  King Henry the First.
• * 1.122

  Cardigan the chiefe Towne.
• * 1.123

  The walles of it.
• * 1.124

  The Castle.
• * 1.125

  The graduation.
• * 1.126

  Market Townes.
• * 1.127

  Religious houses.
• * 1.128

  Houeden.
• * 1.129

  Llan-Deui-breui.
• * 1.130

  The Pelagian he∣resie refuced.
• * 1.131

  The Shires diuision.
• * 1.132

  The Bounds of Mountgomery-shire.
• * 1.133

  The forme.
• * 1.134

  Seuerne.
• * 1.135

  The Inhabitants.
• * 1.136

  Market Townes.
• * 1.137

  The Earle.
• * 1.138

  The Shires di∣uision.
• * 1.139

  The borders of Merioneth.
• * 1.140

  The forme.
• * 1.141

  Giraldus.
• * 1.142

  Wil. Malms.
• * 1.143

  The Inhabitants
• * 1.144

  Anno D••••. 1282.
• * 1.145

  The Townes.
• * 1.146

  Pimblemeare.
• * 1.147

  Dee.
• * 1.148

  Harlech.
• * 1.149

  The limits.
• * 1.150

  The forme and dimensitude.
• * 1.151

  Aire.
• * 1.152

  The haruest∣mans Almanack.
• * 1.153

  The soile.
• * 1.154

  Good husban∣drie.
• * 1.155

  Ancient Inh a i∣tants.
• * 1.156

  King Edward the First.
• * 1.157

  The Commo∣dities.
• * 1.158

  Moillenlly hill.
• * 1.159

  King Arthurs round Table.
• * 1.160

  Denbigh the chiefe Towne.
• * 1.161

  The fairest of all North-Wales.
• * 1.162

  An earth-quake.
• * 1.163

  The Magistraci•• of Denbigh.
• * 1.164

  Graduation of it.
• * 1.165

  This Shire and other•• not diui∣ded in the Map.
• * 1.166

  The Shires di∣uision.
• * 1.167

  Market Townes.
• * 1.168

  Castles.
• * 1.169

  Parishes.
• * 1.170

  The limits of it.
• * 1.171

  The circumfe∣rence.
• * 1.172

  The aire.
• * 1.173

  The climate.
• * 1.174

  Soile.
• * 1.175

  Dee Riuer.
• * 1.176

  Commodities.
• * 1.177

  Inhabitants.
• * 1.178

  Castles.
• * 1.179

  Flint▪Castle the chiefest.
• * 1.180

  Henry 2. Edward 1.
• * 1.181

  Richard 2.
• * 1.182

  Havvarden Castle.
• * 1.183

  Coles-hill.
• * 1.184

  Fons Sacer.
• * 1.185

  A Spring arising miraculously.
• * 1.186

  A Chapell built ouer it.
• * 1.187

  The strange opi∣nions held of this Spring.
• * 1.188

  Kilken.
• * 1.189

  Banchor.
• * 1.190

  Beda••s report of Banchor Mona∣sterie.
• * 1.191

  Por••-Hogham and Port-Cleis.
• * 1.192

  Varis Vale.
• * 1.193

  Llan-Elwy, or Asaph.
• * 1.194

  Kentigern Bishop of Glasc••.
• * 1.195

  His Monasterie.
• * 1.196

  The Gouernour of it.
• * 1.197

  Basingwarke.
• * 1.198

  Off••••s Ditch.
• * 1.199

  The Shires diu••∣sion.
• * 1.200

  The diuers names of this Shire.

  The Welsh turne M. into V. or F. So Caer-Merd∣hin, Caer-Frydhin Luid: Breu▪ of Brit.
• * 1.201

  The measure.
• * 1.202

  The Aire.
• * 1.203

  The Soyle.
• * 1.204

  Very vnpasseable
• * 1.205

  British Alpes.
• * 1.206

  Snowdon Hills.
• * 1.207

  The People.
• * 1.208

  Pearles.
• * 1.209

  Places of Note.
• * 1.210

  Seiont.
• * 1.211

  Ninnius.

  Mat. Westminst.
• * 1.212

  Caernaruon.
• * 1.213

  Caernaruon in danger of the Sea.
• * 1.214

  The Gouern∣ment of it.
• * 1.215

  King Edward the second borne at Caernaruon.
• * 1.216

  Banchot.
• * 1.217

  Owen Glendower∣dwy.
• * 1.218

  Conway riuer▪
• * 1.219

  Caer-hean▪
• * 1.220

  Aber-Conwey▪
• * 1.221

  Florilegu••▪
• * 1.222

  The fish Torcoch.
• * 1.223

  Market Townes.
• * 1.224

  The first Name.
• * 1.225

  The forme.
• * 1.226

  Length.
• * 1.227

  Breadth.
• * 1.228

  Ayre.
• * 1.229

  Commodities.
• * 1.230

  A welsh Prouerb
• * 1.231

  Grindstones.
• * 1.232

  Alum.
• * 1.233

  Inhabitants.
• * 1.234

  Romaine Go∣uernour.
• * 1.235

  Inuaded by the Irish.
• * 1.236

  Edward the first.
• * 1.237

  Beaumarish chiefe towne▪
• * 1.238

  The Gouern∣ment of Beu∣marish▪
• * 1.239

  Antique religi∣ous house.
• * 1.240

  Many English Nobility there buried.
• * 1.241

  The partition of this shire▪