Purchas his pilgrimes. part 1 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

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CHAP. VI. A Ruter, or briefe direction for readie sayling into the East-India, digested into a plaine method by Master IOHN DAVIS of Lime-house, vpon experience of his fiue Voyages thither, and home againe.

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§. I. Nauticall Obseruation of places betwixt the Lizard and Saint Augustine in the Ile of Saint Laurence.

FIrst, the Lizard hath in latitude fiftie degrees ten minutes. The Cape Finisterre in Galicia hath in latitude forty three degrees twentie minutes, and longitude from the Meridian of the Lizard, two degrees thirtie sixe minutes West. The Iland of Lancerota hath in latitude twentie eight degrees,* 1.1 forty minutes, and longitude from the Lizard fiue degrees twentie foure degrees West. The variation of the Compasse sixe degrees sixe minutes from North to East. And when you are in [ 60] the latitude of thirtie three degrees thirtie minutes, and chance to haue fiue degrees twentie minutes of variation, you may assure your selfe to be North North-east from the said Iland, and your course is South South-west to goe with it.

* 1.2The Grand Canaria hath in latitude twenty seuen degrees fortie minutes, and longitude from

the Lizard sixe degrees thirtie minutes West. The variation is sixe degrees from North to East. Likewise in the latitude thirty degrees thirty minutes: when you haue fiue degrees and fiftie mi∣nutes variation, you haue the said Iland South and by West from you.

The Iland of Saint Marie, being the Eastermost of the Azores, hath in latitude thirtie seuen degrees; and longitude from the Lizard fourteene degrees West. The variation of the Com∣passe one degree fortie minutes from North to East. But when you are in the latitude of thirtie degrees thirtie minutes comming home-ward, and finde fiue degrees variation, and would see the Ilands in your course, goe North-east for Saint Marie: but it is better to goe more Nor∣therly, and so you shall bee sure to see some of them: for the variation is much vpon that rate in [ 10] the North-east course, till you come in with the Ilands.

The latitude of Sal, which is one of the Ilands of Cape Verde, is ten degrees thirtie minutes,* 1.3 and longitude from the Lizard twelue degrees twelue minutes. The variation three degrees, thir∣tie minutes from North to East.

Bonauista is from Sal sixe leagues.* 1.4 The mid-way betweene the Meridian of Cape Verde and these Ilands in the latitude of nine degrees, you haue two degrees fifteene minutes of variation to the East-ward: and the ne••rer you are to the Maine land, the lesse variation. But when you come in fiue degrees of latitude, if the Ternados doe not meete with you before, there you shall beginne to haue them, which are winds blowing euery-where.

But if you will passe the Equinoctiall, vse what diligence you may,* 1.5 in plying to get from [ 20] these vnhealthfull and troublesome windes: but keepe your selfe so, that you may bee but South and by East, or South South-east from Mai••, because it may bee in your minde, that your much going to the East-ward will bee a helpe when you stand ouer with the generall wind. But you may there spend much time, and get little aduantage. Now assoone as you haue the wind at South South-east, and are in two or three degrees off the Line, stand away with it. For if you may passe the Line in ten degrees of longitude from the Lizard, your variation will be sixe degrees ten minutes from North to East, and you shall feele neither the East South-east streame to hurt you, nor the North-west and by West streame, that setteth ouer to the West-Indies.

But if the wind doe hinder you much, feare not to passe the Line in fourteene degrees of [ 30] longitude from the Lizard,your variation will bee in that place sixe degrees fortie fiue mi∣nutes. And beeing past, make your way to the South-ward as speedily as you may: but if the wind be at East North-east or East, as many times it will bee, doe not goe to the East-ward of the South-east and by East, although in your minde it were the best course: for if you doe, you shall find the wind at South-east and South South-east, and it will bring you downe to your South course againe, although you haue spent so much time as in your South course would haue carried you without the Tropicke into the variable winds way, which is in twentie sixe or twentie eight degrees.

For it is great oddes, when a man may saile thirtie sixe leagues in foure and twentie houres, and will sayle but foure and twentie close vpon a wind. For when you haue brought your selfe [ 40] into the variable winds way, it cannot be long before you haue a slent to get vp to the Cape of Good Hope, where you shall note, that your variation will increase in running South from the Line. For when you come in twentie degrees to the South-ward, you shall haue fifteene degrees of variation, and more to the West-ward fourteene. Whereby if you note it well,* 1.6 you shall perceiue, that in these parts, betweene the Tropickes I meane, it keepeth no method in Easting or Westing, as it doth without them: as you may see at the Ile De Fernando de Lo∣ronha, the latitude whereof is foure degrees South, and longitude from the Lizard nineteene degrees twentie minutes West. The variation is there eight degrees ten minutes, from North to East: if you come there to ride, the Roade is vpon the North-east side, but it is ••ll ground in some place. The depth, nine, eight and seuen fathomes water, sandie grounds, with a stone or [ 50] Rocke heere and there.

This land riseth like Paules steeple, and that land like the steeple will bee when you are in the Roade South South-west from you. There is much broken ground and Ilands by the Ile it selfe. Heere is good refreshing and good water, but dangerous landing for the Sea to sinke your Boats and drowne your men.

The Portugals of Fernamburo haue some few Slaues heere that make Cotton and keepe their Cattell. They haue Guiney Wheate there growing.

The Iland of Santa Helena hath in South latitude sixteen degrees,* 1.7 & longitude from the Lizard foure degrees thirtie minutes East: and from the Cape of Good Hope twentie three degrees thirtie minutes West. The variation is seuen degrees thirtie minutes from North to East. This Iland [ 60] is one of the best for the bignesse thereof for the refreshing of men, that I know in the Sea: it standeth so healthy, and hath so good a Roade for Shippes, as a man can 〈◊〉〈◊〉. The Roade is open to the North-west side: right before the Chappell you may ride in twel••e, tenne, nine, eight, or seuen fathomes water, good ground and no danger, but what you see a long the shoare.

The Iland is little, but very high land, a man may see it eighteene leagues off. Vpon it are all things fitting for a mans comfort, comming with it in distresse. If you will see this Iland, you haue the wind alway at South-east or thereabouts. Therefore keepe your selfe in the latitude of sixteene degrees tenne minutes, or fifteene degrees, and runne West vpon that height, and you cannot misse it: whether it bee day or night you need not feare, but this you may assure your selfe, that in your course from the Cape of Good Hope, there is nothing that will wrong you. I meane no streame nor Current. For I haue seene that my selfe three times comming from the Cape the South-east wind will tak•• you in thirtie degrees, and sometimes before, and will carrie you to the North-ward of the Equi∣noctiall Line.

* 1.8Saldanha, which is the Bay where we doe commonly anchor out-ward bound, hath in lati∣tude [ 10] thirtie foure degrees twentie fiue minutes, and longitude from the Lizard twentie eight degrees East. The variation thirtie minutes from North to East. For the knowing of the land hereabout Saldanha, it is all high land. But commonly when you come from the West-ward it is foggie and darke vpon it, so that you shall see the breach of the shoare, before you can come to make it, or know it. If you see the land when you are in the Offing rise like a Table, and other round hils by it, one like a Sugar-loafe; bring this Table East by South, and then stirre so see, till you come close vnder the land, for this course will bring you in with the point of the Souther land going into the Roade. Now when you see the point it selfe, which is low land, you shall see the Ile of Penguin: but keepe your selfe neerer the point then to Pen∣guin [ 20] Iland, because there are sunken Rockes all toward the Iland: keepe your Lead going, for toward the point you shall haue ground at fifteene fathomes, and then you may bee bold to goe by it in ten fathomes water. Then the Roade is South-east by East from this point in sixe fa∣thomes, or fiue if you list. The Table will bee South South-west the middle of it, and the Sugar-loafe South-west halfe Westerly. The worst winds for that Roade are from the North-west to the North-east. Heere is good watering and fresh victuals, when the people come downe with it.

There is fresh-fish in the Riuer to bee had at sometime of the tyde with a seine: it doth high sometimes fiue foote water, and sometimes sixe, sometimes more, and some∣times lesse. [ 30]

Betweene the Coast of Brasil and this Roade the Compasse hath twentie degrees varia∣tion, and more or lesse as you are to the North-ward or South. For the more you are to the South-ward, the more you haue, and to the North-ward the lesse. But in thirtie three degrees thirty minutes,* 1.9 you haue the highest variation twenty one degrees from North to East, & longi∣tude from the Lizard seuen deg. thirtie minutes, or from the Cape of Good Hope, thirtie fiue deg. thirtie minutes West: Now when you come in eleuen degrees no minutes of variation, you may assure your selfe, if your variation bee good, you are three hundred and thirtie leagues short: and it will keepe a good method in decreasing after the rate of thirtie or eight and twentie leagues to a degree: for when you are in two degrees of variation, you shall bee eight and fortie or fiftie leagues short: and when you haue fortie minutes, and cannot see the land, you are but [ 40] ten leagues off.

Now if you can see the Land close by the waters side, before you can see the other high land, the fogge hanging vpon the shoare, and are in thirtie foure degrees of latitude, you may see white sandie wayes close by the waters side, your course is to the point, if they beare East South-east from you, and beeing neere the shoare is North-east. For these white san∣die wayes are almost three leagues short of that point going into the Roade, and fast by the point to the South-west from the said point going for the Roade, the two points doe lye North-east and South-west. And then the land toward the Cape lyeth South-east and by East, and South South-east. So likewise the land lyeth to the North-ward off the Bay North North-west, and South South-west. [ 50]

Penguin Iland and this Point lye North and by West, and South and by East.

* 1.10To the Northward of this Iland is an Iland called Connie Iland, and it lyeth in latitude thirtie three degrees twentie seuen minutes, and North North-west from Penguine Ile. This Connie Ile hath bad ground about it: but you may goe betweene the Maine and that Iland. If you will anchor, this Ile vpon the Wester-side hath a dangerous ledge of Rockes lying off it to the Seawar••. The Maine all along the shoare is bold, but what you may see.

* 1.11Chapmans Chance hath in latitude thirtie foure degrees tenne minutues, and is an Harbour, which lyeth within the South-west point vnder a little Hill like Charing Crosse, close hanging by the Sea-side of the South South-west-side of the land like a Table, standing in the very bottome of the Bay. [ 60]

This is a very good Harbour for the ships: for the maine land of the Cape will be shut in vpon the Wester-side of the land: and there is good ground, and a good depth to ride in, as ten, nine, eight, seuen, sixe, or fiue fathomes.

This Harbor is not past ten miles ouer land to Soldanha from it: and a man may come away

with that wind that you cannot come forth withall from Soldanha. Wherefore when any shall haue beene there with a ship, they shall better know it. Wee went not in with our ship, because we were all fit to goe about, before wee did know it to bee a Harbor. For wee did suspect it by chance standing in with a scant wind, and being toward night our Captaine Master Edmund Marlow sent one of the Masters Mates in the Pinnasse to see whether it were a Harbor or not, hauing little wind, and by that time hee came in with it, the Sunne was downe, so that he could not see and take that notice he would, for quick returning to the ship.

Cape Falso hath in latitude thirty foure degrees thirty minutes, and is distant from the Cape of Good Hope, nine leagues East South-east.* 1.12

[ 10] Betweene these two Capes there is a deepe Bay, and before it there is a Rocke euen with the water; but it lyeth neere the Cape of Good Hope. In this Bay is the great Riuer called Rio Dolce, that runneth farre vp in the Land. There is good refreshing, as the Hollanders report,* 1.13 for they haue beene there with their sh••ps.

Heere at Cape Falso is no variation that I can find by obseruing South from it.* 1.14 The Land lyeth to the Cape das Aguilhas East South-east from the Cape of Good Hope, and is distant sixe and twentie leagues: no danger is to be seene, but a bould shoare along the coast. And so it is bould sixtie leagues to the Eastward: for so farre I haue sailed to the East-ward of Cape Das Aguilhas the land lyeth East Northerly for one hundred leagues.

The very Cape Das Aguilhas hath in latitude thirtie foure degrees, fiftie minutes [ 20] South, and is very low land. But there is high land to the East-ward of the last named Cape. You may haue ground with your Lead in seuen or eight leagues off the land, for one hundred leagues East, at seuentie, sixtie, sixtie fiue, fiftie fiue, fiftie, fortie fathomes, sandie blacke ground vpon your Leade, which will helpe you much in comming home if you cannot obserue the variation nor latitude. The variation of Cape Das Aguilhas is no degrees thirtie minutes from North to West. And at the Cape of Good Hope the Compasse is varied from North to East fiue and twentie minutes. Assoone as you are to the West-ward of Cape Das A∣guilhas, you shall haue Ozie and deepe water; whereby you may see that this will helpe you well in darke weather to know how the lands are from you, and how to hale in with the Cape of Good Hope.

[ 30] When you saile into the East-India from the Cape of Good Hope, you must bee very care∣full in your course: for till you come vp to haue seuen or eight degrees of variation, you shall find it sometimes very vncertaine, shouts of streames that will set a man sometimes one way, sometimes another as I haue often found it to bee so, and haue had none other meanes to helpe my selfe, but by the variation, which is very sure, if you bee carefull in obseruing.* 1.15 But after you passe eight degrees of variation, you shall not need to seare the streames, if you bee bound to the East-ward, for the streames or tydes doe set betweene the variation afore-said, and the Cape Das Aguilhas.

Now if you find betweene the Cape and this variation of seuen or eight degrees that you doe not alter it to your ship running East; for this is your fittest course, if you bee bound for Bantam, or within for any place of the Ile of Saint Laurence, till you come vp to the va∣riation [ 40] aforesaid, as you may chance at fiue or sixe degrees, assure your selfe you are wrong with it. For the variation will increase by the rate of nine and twentie or thirtie leagues, to the Ile of Saint Laurence. I meane these leagues in Easting from the Meridians, and not the course you saile by, for if you saile North-east and by East, and you shall haue thirtie sixe leagues for one degree and halfe Easting, or longitude, which will alter one degree of variation.

And the more North-ward your course is, the lesse variation you haue,* 1.16 as you shall plainly vnderstand: for in fiue and twentie of latitude in sight of Saint Laurence, you haue sixteene degrees no minutes. And running North by the land to the Riuer of Saint Augustine, you shall haue but fifteene degrees in the latitude of twentie three degrees and thirtie minutes, which is plaine that it is lesse to the North-ward, then to the South-ward. So likewise vp to [ 50] the East-ward in the latitude of eleuen degrees no minutes, the highest variation is twentie three degrees forty minutes. And in the latitude of thirtie three degrees no minutes, the highest varia∣tion is twentie seuen degrees ten minutes, as I haue seene and obserued my self, and in my iudge∣ment in ten leagues Easting and Westing of the same Meridian, as hereafter shall more plainely appeare in their due places.

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§. II. A note for finding out of the Riuer of Saint Augustine in Saint Laurence; of diuers small Iles in the way thence to Achen, and of many Ports and passages in and about Sumatra.

THis Riuer of S. Augustine hath in latitude, twenty three degrees thirtie fiue minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, twenty three degrees twenty minutes East. The variation is fourteene degrees fifty minutes from North to West. But when you goe [ 10] for it, seeke the land in the latitude of twenty foure degrees twenty minutes, because in the latitude of twenty fiue degrees tenne minutes, there is dangerous falling for Rockes and shoalds, which I haue seene. And in this latitude twenty foure degrees twenty minutes, you haue the variation fifteene degrees forty minutes. The shoare bold, but what you see before you. And the coast lieth South and North by a meridian Compasse, without counting the variation, or medling in this place with it, but steere North and North and by East, as discretion will guide you by the land: then comming along the shoare in twenty foure degrees tenne minutes, you shall see a head-land, which hath vpon it a round hill of white sand, and is like a Castle, with some few trees by it. This head-land is short of the Bay thirteene leagues, and your course is North and by East and North still, no danger till you see the Iles and shoalds before the Bay: and in the [ 20] Countrey you shall see a land rise like vnto Westminster Hall, and a gut betweene two high lands, like Dartmouth. The Riuer is between these two hils: when you come with the Iles and shoalds, and will goe into the North-ward of them,* 1.17 you may be bold of the shoalds in seuen fathomes, if you will loofe in by them, but anchor not by them: for it is bad ground, with Corrall that will cut your Cable in sunder, if you ride but little time there; but rather hale East, vp for the Chan∣nell comming from the Riuer, where you haue Ozie by the Maine, in twelue, foureteen, or twen∣ty fathomes water: and you shall find deepe water in along to the Riuer, till you come fast by the two hills, and Westminster Hall within the point on the West North-west side. There you may choose your roade from twenty fathomes to twelue, eleuen, tenne, nine, eight, seuen, sixe, or fiue fathomes. But it is Ozie ground without the two headlands, and sand within. This Riuer lieth [ 30] from the Iles without shoalds East, and is distant fiue leagues. Here is good filling of water, and wooding, very good victuals; buy you pay siluer: for that they desire most. The people are of a reasonable disposition; but you need not to trust them, nor none else where you come, but stand alwayes vpon your Guard, while your Boat goe into the Riuer to fill water. You shall haue a ve∣ry good Oxe for foure shillings, and a Goat for one shilling English, and as good as you haue in England. The men of this place are tall and well made.

* 1.18The Cape of S. Sebastian hath in latitude twentie fiue degrees fortie fiue minutes, and longi∣tude from the Cape of Good Hope, twentie fiue degrees no minutes. The variation of the Com∣passe sixteene degrees fortie minutes from North to West. Here vpon the South-east side is a ve∣ry good place for refreshing, as the Hollanders report, much vpon the latitude of twenty foure [ 40] degrees no minutes. It is named Santa Lucia; for as they haue reported to mee, there is a race of the Portugalls left there.* 1.19 They say the ships ride verie secure, and haue aboue nine or eight fa∣thomes water, sandie ground, and an Iland or two before it. And this must bee much better for shipping bound vp or downe, then the Riuer of S. Augustine, because it is vpon the head of the Iland.

* 1.20The Ile of S. Marie, vpon the East side of S. Laurence, hath in latitude sixteene degrees thirtie minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope thirty one degrees no minutes. The variati∣on nineteene degrees fiftie minutes from North to West. This Iland is inhabited; and there we had Hennes, Limons, and other refreshing, good water; but neuer a Harbour, all Roads: you may ride off the West side, before a Towne of twelue or sixteene houses. The depth of water is twen∣ty [ 50] fathomes, more or lesse. The distance from this Island, ouer to the Maine is tenne leagues. To the North North-west, from this Iland is a great Bay, that lieth sixteene leagues deepe West North West in from the Souther-side of the Bay, there is good riding vnder a little Iland, and in from that vpon the Maine, there is a Riuer of fresh water. And there is likewise water and wood vpon the Ile by the Roade, you may ride in twelue, tenne, nine, or eight fathomes: but you had need to shue your anchors: for it is so soft Ozie, that your anchors will come home. Here you haue Rice in abundance, hens, and some cattell. The people haue warre, one side of the Bay with the other. Trust these people not too farre for treachery. It is a place of very vncertaine and conta∣gious weather, for raine, thunder and lightning, as euer I came in, and very vnholsome▪ for we [ 60] lost many men here. But if distresse vrge a man to it, you may vnlade a ship, or doe any businesse by the Iland, with standing vpon your guard, and vsing the people friendly, as the Hollanders haue been driuen vnto. The latitude of this Bay is, fifteene degrees fortie minutes. But if you go with S. Marie first, you cannot misse it: for it is the next Bay vpon the Maine vnto the Iland. The

name of this Bay is Antongill.* 1.21 We did ride here in the first East Indian Voyage for the Merchants of London, in the yeere 1601. from December to March, and then we went for the East Indies.

The latitude of the Ile de Roque Piz is eleuen degrees no minutes,* 1.22 and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, forty one degrees no minutes of the great Circle East. Here in the sight of these two Ilands, we had the highest variation of the Compasse, which was twenty three degrees thir∣ty minutes. Now South from this place, as neere as I can iudge by sundry times going vp and downe, we haue likewise the most variation, that is: if you be in the latitude of twentie seuen or twenty eight degrees, then you haue twenty sixe degrees no minutes: if you bee in thir∣ty three degrees no minutes of latitude, you haue twenty seuen degrees twenty minutes of vari∣ation. [ 10] And this you may see in my Voyage in the Iames, begun in February, 1611. and ended the third of August, 1615.

The Shoalds, called Baixos das Chagas▪ haue in latitude sixe degrees no minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, fiftie three degrees thirty six minutes East.* 1.23 The variation is nineteen degr. fiftie min. from North to West. These shoalds are very dangerous. There are three or foure Ilands and other dry sands: we were twenty foure houres vpon and among these Shoalds. There is in some places corall, in other some sand; sometimes tenne fathomes, and by and by sixe fa∣thomes: the best water the ships had, was foure fathomes: but God be thanked, we had no hurt to any one of the ships. We were cleere by keeping the Iles South South-west from vs: for vpon the North North-east side it is, that we found the way out. If they had been well laid in our [ 20] Charts, we had missed them.

In the Channel of Maldina, the Compasse varieth 17. degrees. And at the Cape de Comori six∣teene degrees. The Ilands of Nicubar, lying off the North end of Sumatra,* 1.24 haue in North latitude seuen degrees tenne minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, seuentie three degrees no minutes East. The variation is seuen degrees fiue minutes from North to West. If you goe with these Iles of Nicubar, as you come from the West-ward, when you come within fiftie or fortie leagues, you shall meete with ouerfals, or the running of some tydes, which will make you mistrust shoald water: but we found none with o••r Lead when we sounded. Many such you shall passe. I thinke they be the streames comming from the Bay of Bengala. Among these Ilands there is no danger, but what you see: you may bee bold to water and fit your sel••es here. The [ 30] people will not come aboord your ship, but will buy and sell in their Canoes. Farther into the North-ward are more Ilands; as in eight degrees lieth an Iland called Ilha de Sombrero,* 1.25 because vpon the Souther-side the land is like a hat. Vnder this Iland is good riding; and the people will come to your shippe from the other Ilands to the East-ward, for there are many Ilands.

Achen, which is a Citie vpon the West North-west side of Sumatra,* 1.26 hath in latitude fiue de∣grees forty minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope seuentie foure degrees fortie mi∣nutes East. And the variation is sixe degrees twentie fiue minutes from North to West. You may ride in seuen or eight fathomes, or at low water in fiue or sixe; it hyeth fiue foot vpon the Barre. Your roade is to the East ward of the Castle, and a round hil in the Countrey South-east from you. The ground is Ozie where you ride. There is h••gh land vpon the Wester-side of the Towne. The [ 40] hill, which is South-east of you, is called the hil of Pedir, because there is a Towne of that name vnder it, twenty fiue leagues from Achen. Before the Road in the Offing are fiue or sixe Ilands. The Pepper of this place is better then the Pepper of Bantam. At Pedir Pepper is to be had, but little else. The land lieth from the Road of Achen forty or fifty leagues East and West.

And if you will goe for the straight of Malacca, there is no danger till you come to the East-ward of the Iles das Iarras, but a faire depth, at twenty fiue or thirtie fathomes water.* 1.27 The tydes set as much one way as the other. At these Iles das Iarras, you may see the high land of Malacca: but here about Sumatra, is all low land. And your variation here about the Equinoctial is all one, as I said before, when I spake of the highest, that there is within lesse variation then without, in the latitude of foureteene or fifteene degrees. For when you haue seuen degrees fiftie minutes [ 50] in the Offing, you are much vpon seuen degrees thirtie minutes longitude from Bantam. And that distance you are in for longitude from Bantam, when you are vnder the Equinoctiall line, and haue sixe degrees thirty fiue minutes of variation. So that much vpon that rate of thirtie one leagues in the Offing of Easting or Westing, will alter one degree of variation, or one degree and an halfe of longitude; and within you runne fortie leagues, or two degrees. This I haue found by experi∣ence both within and without going home from Bantam.

If you were at Achen, and would saile for Priaman, which is a Towne vpon the West side of Sumatra, and hath in latitude no degrees fiftie minutes South, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope seuentie seuen degrees forty minutes East: The variation foure degrees forty minutes from North to West: The surest way is this. To the East-ward of Priaman there are Ilands, in [ 60] the South latitude of one degree and thirty minutes, which are called the Iles of Nimtam.* 1.28 Your course is to goe with these Ilands, and come not betweene the maine, but keepe the Sea, till you see those Ilands: keepe in one degree twenty minutes of South latitude, and you shall surely fall with the North end of the biggest. Now this great Iland being the biggest of the two, is twen∣ty leagues long very neere: and there are many little Ilands neere it. And when you are with this

Iland, go vp by it, for it is the bolder of the two, but haue your Lead going now and then to pre∣uent dangers, yet I haue found the least to be tenne fathomes water. When you are shut within these Ilands, your course is East by North eighteene leagues: but saile not by night, but holl ra∣ther, and saile by day. Now although Priaman and this Iland doe lie East by North, and West by South, yet your best way is, to direct your course East North-east, and North-east by East, a∣mong; and then you shall see three hummocks in the maine, before you can see the low land; and then hauing sight of them, you may goe in till you see the low land of the Maine: but looke well about you:* 1.29 for when these hills come to the North-east from you, there is shoald water, and bankes of stone: but you may borrow of them with your Lead in seuen fathomes: then are you six leagues from the roade of Priaman, and your course East South-east, or South-east by East with [ 10] your Lead going now and then. For the knowing of the road of Priaman, when you haue the hils North and West from you, you shall see many Ilands to the South-ward; but the first will shew white, and none of the rest. So that Iland lieth West South-west from the roade three leagues. And the land in the Countrey aboue Priaman is high, and like a Saddle in the middest. This high land beareth from the road North-east and by East. I set it downe with this notice, because there are foure Ilands before the roade within which you ride, and may mistrust to goe within these Ilands, when you come from the West North-west, because they will not be open, but shew like a paire of breeches till you haue brought them East North-east from you; then will they beginne to open, for there is good going in betweene them, leauing two on the one side, and two on the other. But come not neere that little vttermost Ile by the maine; for there is all flat ground. But [ 20] keepe in nine or eight fathomes, till you come with the other three Iles that lie in a row, and then goe into the South-ward of the Norther of these three Ilands, and vnder that Iland is the road.* 1.30 Wherefore be bold of it in fiue or sixe fathomes, because it is but narrow between that Ile, and the Riuer running from the Towne, to wit, much vpon the breath of the Thames at Blacke∣wall. Vpon this Ile, vnder which you ride, is a Well made artificially by those that haue vsed to water there. It is a good road when you are in, but moore your ship sure. The people here are co∣uetous, and still begging for one thing or other; yet they vsed vs very well, and brought vs hens and such vict••alls as the place affoardeth. Here is good trade from Iaua with Iunkes, for their Pep∣p••r they bring them salt, which is verie ••cant vpon this side of the Iland. And about September and October there commeth euery yeare a Guserate with Cotton cloth to serue this side of the [ 30] Iland,* 1.31 and ladeth away Pepper, and carrieth away some Gold: for Gold is more plentie there, then Siluer, as we might plainely see by the Countrie-people: for they are very desirous of Rials of eight. Here is some Beniamin to be had, and verie good Storax, with other Commodities.

* 1.32Tecou is seuen leagues from this road, but it is shoaldie water, and ill for ships, because they must ride farre off. But Prawes and such small vessels as the Countrey people vse, are fittest, and will bring all their Commodities vnto you into Priaman road, after they know a shippe to bee there, tenne leagues.

* 1.33To the Northward of Priaman there are no Ilands three or foure leagues off: but to the South-ward coast is full of Ilands along till you come into two degrees and an halfe or latitude. The coast lieth from Priaman two degrees twenty minutes of latitude South. Your course is South▪ [ 40] when you set saile from Priaman, you may goe within those Ilands by the road: because by the Souther Iland lieth a shoald close by the off side: your depth is fiue and sixe fathomes. In going downe to the Southward, keepe the maine still, and goe not without among those Ilands: for it is all ground and shoalds. But saile not by night, till you come into the latitude of two degrees thirtie minutes. For as you passe by the high land, that is distant from the road of Priaman thir∣teene leagues, it is very dangerous: keep your selfe in twenty or thirty fathomes water off the maine, and looke well about you when this high land commeth toward the East. Between that gut of high land as you passe like Dartmouth, is the Towne of Celledai. I haue had by going neere those Ilands here, about thirteene leagues from the aforesaid road, but foure fathomes water, and haue seen the stones, vnder the ship, and haue gone but little in againe toward the maine, and haue [ 50] had sixteene fathomes, and twelue fathomes water: wherefore there is no feare by the maine land, keeping your Lead going: then being cleare off these Ilands, your course is South and by East by the maine, till you come to two degrees thirty minutes: and then the land lieth to three de∣grees tenne minutes South-east, and then South-east and by South to foure degrees, and so to fiue degrees no minutes by the same course.

The land is very high and bold heere in fiue degrees, no minutes. In fiue degrees and thirtie minutes lyeth the Isle of Engano,* 1.34 but there is no anchoring by it; for I haue sought to anchor, but it is rockes and deepe water. But if you haue any occasion, you shall find in the latitude of foure degrees,* 1.35 ten minutes, a very good roade vnder an Island fast by the maine, where you may ride in seuen fathoms, and no danger but what you see, but may boldly turne into the Roade, if [ 60] the wind ••e at South-east, Ozie ground. Heere you may haue wood and water, if you haue need: But beware, two leagues West South-west from this Island, it is very dangerous shoald in the sea, the water breaketh much vpon it; wherefore keepe in by the Island, and giue the point a birth: but you cannot go betweene the maine and this Isle with a ship, because it is narrow and shoaldy

water. This Road or Harbour is named by the Countrie people, Celebar:* 1.36 we did ride heere with Sir Edward Michelborne thirteene daies, to doe some businesse. You shall neuer with a South-east wind misse some Iunckes of Iaua, or of some other place riding there. The land to the North-ward in the countrie is high, but by the sea-side reasonable, not very low neither. This high land in fiue degrees, twentie minutes, is called Manancabo, and is extraordinary high.* 1.37 The course alongst the shoare is South South-east, Easterly, till you come to see a little Island fast by the maine, that lieth in sixe degrees, no minutes, or much thereupon. Heere you shall see a round hill in the countrie East from you, which will be North, when you come with the three Isles by [ 10] the point of Sumatra, that lye East one from the other.* 1.38 Then shall you haue the Salt-hills East and by South from you, when this hill is North, and the distance from the three Islands lying East and West, to the three salt hills, which are three Islands, that lye South and North one from another, to be ten leagues. The Land of Sumatra, from the little Island to the other three Islands, lyeth East South-east, and is distant foure leagues. This land is not very high, but in the countrie it is high land. The dep••h by this land is foure and fiftie fathomes; and by the three East and West Islands, there is sixteene fathoms water; and further vp, you haue thirthie fathomes, when the round hill is North from you. Now you must vnderstand, that ••eere as you goe vpon the Coast of Sumatra, are more Islands then a man can number. But if you will go into t••e Road of Marrough, you may boldly beare in among those Islands that lye North-east and by East,* 1.39 till you come to the maine land of Sumatra, where you shall haue twentie or thirtie fathomes, and [ 20] no danger, but what you see. Now when you come in with the maine foure leagues West South-west from this Head-land, which is called Marrough, you shall haue all to the Northward off you low land, and many Islands; but you must go East South-east vnto the Head-land of Sumatra: for this Roade of Marrough is along the shoare from the three little Islands fast by the maine, till you come almost to the point that maketh the Straight of Sunda, you may anchor in twentie or twelue fathomes water, Ozie ground, a faire birth off: There is good refreshing, and Riuers all along the shoare. The land is very high heere in from the Roade. But if you come with the three Salt hills or Islands, that lye South and North one from the other, which are distant, as I said be∣fore, from the three East and West Islands by Sumatra ten leagues, and would go for this place of Marrough, steere in with the high land North, when you are to the Eastward of the South Salt [ 30] hill, and you go right with it; for the land aboue it is like a barne, and none there-about like it: you may be bold euery way hereabout, for there is no danger, but what you see with your eyes, no where without the Straights mouth. In the very straight or narrow betweene Sumatra and Iaua side, which you will, if you go to the Westward of the three South and North Islands, you need not feare, although you see three rockes stand three miles West from the Salt hill; for you may come fast by them, or put betweene any of those Islands,* 1.40 the depth will bee much about twentie or thirtie fathoms. The course from the Head-lan•• of Sumatra, w••ere the three East and West Islands are, is East North-east with the Point or Head-land of Sumatra, that maketh the Straights entrie. The Coast of Iaua l••eth from the Point of Talimbam downe to seuen de∣grees almost of Southerly latitude; where are many Islands on this side,* 1.41 South-west and North-east, [ 40] and you haue ground with the lead at thirtie or fortie fathomes, in some place: But a little without the Point of Palimbam you may anchor in twelue fathomes, Ozie ground. The latitude of the South-east salt hill, is sixe degrees, ten minutes: The longitude from Cape of Good Hope eightie one East, the variation three degrees, twentie minutes. These salt hills stand nearer Iaua then Sumatra by two leagues, you may see both Maines at one time, if it be cleare, and you be in the mid-way. The land of Iaua is high within the countrie, and low by the water-side. The streame in the Straight setteth twelue houres one way, and twelue houres the other, but most strongly; for you cannot beare a head with a hard gale at some times: wherefore go off on one side, and anchor, it maketh no matter on which. But if you chance to go in by Sumatra side, keep nearer Sumatra by a good deale, then to the Islands, till the Islands bee East and by South from [ 50] you, for there is a rock vnder water, which breaketh at low water,* 1.42 that lyeth West and by North from the Island. Sumatra is bold, to you can keepe off the land; and so is Iaua side also. The way to Bantam, when you are about the Point of Palimbam, is by the land East South-est, and South-east and by East, with your lead going till you see a flat Island c••lled Pulo Panian,* 1.43 which is di∣stant from the Point of Palimbam nine or ten leagues. When you come to this Island, you may go without it, or within it at your pleasure: but keepe your lead going, and come not nearer then fiue or sixe fathomes off that Island. Then if you looke in vpon the maine, you shall see a round hill in the countrie bearing South, or betweene that and South South-west. This hill stan∣deth right ouer the Towne of Bantam: if you haue it South South-west from you, goe in with that course, till you come to see fiue Islands together, right from Pulo Panian. Your Road [ 60] is by these fiue Islands called Pulo Lima,* 1.44 where you may ride in what depth you will vnder foure fathoms, Ozie ground. It higheth fiue foote water in the Roade. Wherefore when you chuse to ride, remember the Tide, for otherwise you may bee on ground at low water.* 1.45 The variation in the Road is three degrees from North to West. Heere are many Islands in this Road round about you.

§. III. The way from Bantam to the Straight of Palimbon, vpon the East-side of Su∣matra, of Banca, Bintam, Straights of Sincapura, and Sunda, with other places.

WHen you weigh from Bantam Roade, you goe North-east by East foure or fiue fa∣thoms, till you come with the point of the maine, where it commeth to beare South-east by South, you haue very shoald water vpon that spit of hard ground. Wherefore [ 10] keepe off betime: before you come neare in foure or fiue fathoms, there is a good bigge, Island on your North North-west, as you go from Bantam, which you may leaue on your larbord side in going from the aforesaid Towne, and your depthes are fiue or sixe fathoms. Heere will the land toward the Straight make like an Island, because, you haue lost sight of the low land. Heere in your North North-east course,* 1.46 you haue a long bed of small Islands in your way, and low with∣all, but bold: for there is eighteene or twentie fathomes water among them, Bantam bearing South-west by South Westerly from these Islands. Their latitude is from fiue degrees, to fiue de∣grees, thirtie minutes.

When you are at the Norther end of these Islands, go North North-east and North ouer for the Coast of Sumatra: and in your course your depthes will be thirteene, twelue, ten, nine, eight, [ 20] seuen,* 1.47 sixe, fiue, foure and a halfe fathomes; and then you shall see the low land of Sumatra, the trees I meane, and your ground vnder your lead will be Ozie. The latitude about three degrees, thirtie minutes South. Now when you come in with a riffe of hard sand here-about, and haue in your North and by West course foure fathoms and an halfe:* 1.48 Note it well, and hale off againe East North-east into your old depthes, which are from ten to seuen fathoms or fiue off Sumatra, your course North by West, and North North-west, to hold the coast from fiue to ten fathoms. But go not without ten fathoms neither by night nor day; for the Coast is bold in sixe fathoms. But if you go from Bantam North,* 1.49 you must looke very carefully about for a shoald, that lyeth in that course from the aforesaid Towne off the Roade, till you haue sight of the two Islands vp∣on the Coast of Sumatra, that lye three leagues from that maine land; and then you haue no more Islands by Sumatra, till you come in three degrees of South latitude; and there shall you fall [ 30] with Lusapara-falsa,* 1.50 which is the first of those foure Ilands, at the South South-west end of Banca. And looke out very well for them, in going your North by West course, as the depths wil guide you from fiue or sixe, to nine or ten fathoms, Ozie ground. When you haue sight of these foure Islands, you shall see much broken ground by them, and among them very shoald water. Heere likewise you shall see two round homockes of a good height: and though they seeme to you to stand vpon the maine of Sumatra,* 1.51 yet they doe not so, but vpon the Island of Banca. The afore∣said foure Islands haue three degrees, no minutes South latitude. When you come to haue these Islands East from you, your shoalding will be fiue and foure fathomes, and your course North, and North by West, till you haue the Southermost Isle South-east by East from you. Then you goe [ 40] North North-east by Banca, in eight and seuen fathomes, for the Island of Banca is steepe. When you come with these Islands, keepe Sumatra side for the bolder side: the channell is in breath three miles. Now in edging to the other side, you shall go from eight fathoms into three fathoms. Then haue you hard ground on that side, and Ozie ground on Sumatra side. This course of North North-east, is but one reach or three miles, before you go North againe. Heere at the narrow the Tide setteth North and South, and runneth twelue houres one way, and twelue houres the other. When you are past the bankes or shoalds by these Islands, your depthes are ten and nine fathoms: then you saile three leagues North by the land. The next reach lieth North by West, and the depth in the best is fifteene fathoms. And when you draw neare to the high land vpon the North side of the Island of Banca, your course is North North-west, and the best depthes twentie fa∣thomes. [ 50] It is very flat and shoald heere vpon Sumatra side. This course of North North-west, and North-west by North, continueth nine leagues. Then you saile twentie leagues North-west by West, the depth will be foure and twentie fathoms. The latitude in this course, is one de∣gree, eight and thirtie minutes South. When you haue the North-end these Islands South-east by South from you, it will shew like broken Islands. But as you go, keepe off the maine, be∣cause it is shoald still. Your next course is North ten leagues, in ten, nine, eight and seuen fathoms. Heere you haue sight of three or foure Islands, to the Northwards of the great Island, but no sight of the maine land. The latitude heere is one degree, fiue minutes South. Then your course is North-east by North, with a round Island, and other little Islands by it. This round Island is like the Monston of Dartmouth, the depthes ten, nine, eight, and seuen fathoms, and latitude a∣bout [ 60] fortie minutes South.* 1.52 This Isle is called by the Countrie people Pulo Sio, but Linscot calleth it Pulo Powe. Heere you may haue water and wood, if you need. Then your course is to go with∣out Linga from hence North North-west,* 1.53 and the depth is fifteene or sixteene fathoms: and the distance from Pulo Sio to Linga, is thirteene leagues. At the Souther end of Linga are many

Islands; and there are at the Norther end also many.* 1.54 This Island of Linga lyeth vnder the Equi∣noctiall line, as wee found by obseruation, where the Charts make it to lye almost a degree in South latitude. It is full of Islands and suncken grounds hereabout. Heere we found the tide to runne South South-east, and North North-west. The depth in the offing is twentie fathomes, Ozie ground: your course is North by West fifteene or sixteen leagues, where you shall see eight other Islands. But in your going beware of the tide,* 1.55 and keepe in fifteene or sixteene fathoms water, and Ozie ground: the latitude of these eight Islands is fiftie minutes North. Heere you may likewise haue wood and water among these Islands. These Islands and s••ncken grounds con∣tinue to one degree, ten minutes of North latitude: the Tide runneth twelue houres, the flood [ 10] from the Northward, and ebbe from the Southward, the depth twentie fathomes. Heere along by these Islands is fourteene fathomes, till you come vp to the Isle of Bintam,* 1.56 which hath in la∣titude one degree, ten minutes North, vpon the South-east side of this Island is bold shoalding from fourteene to nine fathomes, yet hath a round hill in the middest of it, and it is a grea∣ter Island, then any that is neare it: vpon the Easter point I came ouer in seuen fathomes: the Tide of the Norther side setteth West by North. And when you are past this Easter point, you are open of the Straight of Sincapura.* 1.57 Heere the Tide setteth East from the Straight of Sinca∣pura. Thence you go North-east and by North seuen leagues, with a strong streame against you, for an Island called Pulo Tinge, vpon the Coast of Ior, in latitude two degrees, twentie minutes North, you may see the round hill of Bintam euen with the water,* 1.58 for their distance twentie [ 20] leagues, and the course is North by West. Heere wee saw an Island called Pulo Timon:* 1.59 and the o∣ther Islands by it are called Pulo Lore, leauing two round hilles vpon it. And Pulo Tinge, where we roade, hath a piked hill vpon it. Their latitudes are two degrees, thirtie minutes, and two de∣grees fortie minutes.

The Coast of Ior is bold from Pulo Tinge. When you haue made the Straight of Sincapura,* 1.60 and would goe for Ior, your course is North-west by West. But beware of the Current, you may bee bold in sixteene, eighteene, twentie, or fiue and twentie fathomes, and good ground to anchor.

From Pulo Sio steere South-east for an Iland called Pulo Paccadoure,* 1.61 distant from Pulo Sio e∣leuen leagues, in latitude one degree no minutes South. It is a ragged Iland, and hath by it two [ 30] little Ilands. The depth is fifteene fathomes. Be sure to keep in that depth, and you shall goe without danger. From this ragged Iland your course is South-east by East nine leagues, to an o∣ther Iland called Pulo Pagadure, and your depths are fifteene or sixteene fathomes.* 1.62 In that course be very carefull: for Banca vpon this side is all Rockes and breaches, in some places eight or nine leagues off, and so it is without you againe all bad ground. Then from this Iland your course is South-east by East, to an Iland called Pulo Calasai, or the Mariners Iland: and their distance is fortie leagues: when you see this Iland of Mariners, lie short off it,* 1.63 because you cannot anchor by it for fowle ground. Your depth from this Iland to the other is fifteene fathomes. From this Mari∣ners Iland, you may see the high land vpon Banca beare West by North from it, and is distant fif∣teene leagues.* 1.64

[ 40] The head of Banca lieth from this Ile South-west by West nine leagues. Saile not by night by any meanes when you see this Iland: for if you goe neuer so well by your Compasse, the streames will deceiue you, and put you to the East-ward of an Iland called Chinabata.* 1.65 Your course is to goe betweene Banca and these Ilands; because it is all Rockes to the East-ward like steeples. This Ile of Chinabata and Pulo Calasai, lie South and North one from the other, and are distant thirteene leagues. Your course betweene Banca and Chinabata is South South-west: looke to the streame, and borrow of Banca in this place in twentie or twentie fiue fathomes. The distance betweene them is tenne leagues. The Rockes in the Offing are called Pulo Pelican. From which straight to the coast of Sumatra, the course is South-west by South, till you haue shoalding off the maine. And goe as you did outward from Bantam, keeping the shoalding of Sumatra in seuen [ 50] or eight fathomes, till you draw neere the straight of Sunda.

I haue hereunto added like Nauticall obseruations, I suppose, written by Thomas Clayborne, lea∣uing the censure and vse to the more skilfull. He intituleth them,

Certaine principall Notes, gathered by mine owne experience, in my three Voyages into these parts: wherein the true course, and distances, with shoalds and rockes is shewed: and on which side you may leaue them: as hereafter followeth.

* 1.66

[ 60] THe Souther-most Salt hill lyeth in sixe degrees no minutes of South latitude; and if you bee bound for Bantam, you may goe betwixt the Salt hils, or on either side of them, if neede be: but most men goe to the South of them. If you bee South from the Southermost Salt hill, about two leagues, or lesse, your best course to Palimbam point, is betweene the North-East by East,

and the East North-east. The distance betwixt the Salt hills and that point twenty leagues. In that course you shall leaue the Iland that maketh the straights of Sunda on the Lar-boord side, and that Iland is fiue leagues short of Palimbam point. From Palimbam point your course is East South-east about three or foure leagues with Pulo Pangam: then leauing that Iland on your Lar-boord side, and being cleare of it, you must steere East South-east, about two leagues more: then South South-west, and South by West about one league, and that will bring you into Bantam roade, where you may come to an anchor in three fathomes, soft Oze.

Certaine Notes from Bantam Roade to the Ilands of the Maluccaes, with the course and distances: as hereafter followeth. [ 10]

FRom Bantam roade North-east by North two leagues, then East by North, and East North-east two leagues, and that will bring the low point to the Eastward of Bantam Bay, South from you about one league: but come no neerer that point then three fathome; then East, and East by North foure leagues, and then you shall haue foureteene fathome, and shall be neere fiue Ilands, with white sand without them, and a Ledge of Rockes East from them about halfe a mile; these you must leaue to the North-wards of you. From these Ilands your course is East South-East, with the Eastermost Iland of Iacatra. From the Eastermost Iland of Iacatra, which is the Norther-most from this Iland, your course is North-east by East foure or fiue leagues, then East thirtie leagues; then looke out for a sand that lieth about three leagues from the Maine, and if it be [ 20] cleare weather, you shall see a low Iland to the North of you, but you may goe either betweene the Iland and the sand, or betweene the sand and the Maine: but the best way is to goe three leagues to the Southward of the Iland. Then East by South and East seuenty leagues, and that wil bring you in sight of Madura. Note, if you be foure or fiue leagues from the West end of Ma∣dura, you shall haue thirtie three fathome; and being fiue leagues off the Easter end, you shall haue fortie one or fortie two fathomes. All alongst this coast, you shall haue Ozie ground. From the West ende of Madura, your best course is to steere East by North, while you haue brought your selfe in the latitude of sixe degrees: and then keepe your selfe in that latitude if it be possible, and so (by Gods helpe) you shall goe cleare betweene the shoales of Celebes, and another shoale that lieth South South-west from the shoales of Celebes. The Southermost point of the shoales of Ce∣lebes [ 30] lieth in six degrees. From the South point of the shoales of Celebes, your course is East North-East with the straights of Celebes: the distance betweene them is thirty leagues. From the straights of Celebes to Ternata, the principall Iland of the Maluccas, vpon a straight line, the course is North-east, distant about two hundred leagues.

If you be minded to goe for the Moluccas, then from the straights of Celebes, your course is North-east by East, and North-east thirty leagues, and that will bring you into a straight between two lands, namely, Celebes and Cambyna: the distance betweene these two lands is fiue leagues: in the middle between them,* 1.67 you shall haue thirtie eight fathomes, sandy ground. But this is to be noted, when you come betweene these two Ilands, you cannot saile by night: for it is dange∣rous,* 1.68 while you be cleare of the straights of S. Thomas, distant from this place aforenamed twen∣ty [ 40] leagues: so that you must goe vpon seuerall courses, as hereafter followeth.

First, North-east by North sixe leagues, then North North-east eight leagues, then East and East by North tenne leagues, and this will bring you into the straights of S. Thomas, which straights you shall hardly perceiue, vntill you come very neere them: for they are narrowe, and one land shooteth in an other. The going through is East about one league, and the least water you shall haue in running of that league, is eleuen or twelue fathomes. In running of those twen∣tie leagues afore-named, you shall be land-locked, and shall see sixe or seuen sands dry with the rimme of the water, most of them will be on your Lar-boord side: but this course aforenamed (by Gods helpe) will carry you cleare of them all. From the straights of S. Thomas, your course is North-east by East, and East North-east foureteene leagues, and that will carry you into the Sea, [ 50] but not out of the sight of land: then North North-east thirty eight leagues; and then looke out for a small Iland, and a shoale that lieth North North-west from that small Iland. You must bring that small Iland East from you about two leagues, or seuen miles: then steere North by East, and North North-east fiue leagues, then West North-west, and North-west by North two or three leagues, then North-east by North foure or fiue leagues, and that North-east by North course, will carry you betweene two shoales, that lie in two degrees no minutes South latitude. The distance between them is not one mile, and they are dry at low water: you shall haue foure∣teene fathome betweene them. When you are cleare of these shoales, and are within one league of that land,* 1.69 which that North-East by North course doth carry you vnto, then you must steere East South-east about two leagues, then North-east by East with the straights of Bengaia, which [ 60] lie in one degree twenty minutes to the South of the Equinoctial: this straight lyeth. North-east by North,* 1.70 and so you must goe through.

* 1.71From the straights of Bangaia to Machian, the course is North-east by East distant seuentie

two leagues. Bachian lieth in no degrees thirty minutes to the North of the Equinoctiall, and be∣ing neere this Iland, if it bee cleare weather, you shall see all the Cloue Ilands, which shew like high piked hills in the middest of them. You may steere with any of them at your pleasure, if wind and weather serue: for there is no danger lying neere them.

Notes of Botun.

BOtun is a great Iland, and an high land, the longest part of it lieth North North-east, and [ 10] South South-west. Vpon the North North-West part or ende of the Iland, there is a Riuer of fresh water. If a man be at the Norther ende of Botun, and bee minded to saile to the Kings Towne, his course is betweene the South by West, and South South-West, and so shall sayle a∣long the land twenty leagues, as it were vp a Riuer, betwixt two lands, Botun to the East-ward, and Cambyna to the West, distance betweene them foure leagues, in some places but three, in some places but two leagues, and in some very narrow.

In this course afore-named, nine leagues short of the Kings Towne, there is a shoale,* 1.72 not very bigge, yet dangerous, and dry at a low water. Now to know when you are neere it, you shall see a round hill vpon Buttoone, neere the water side: that hill and the shoale lie East by North, and West by South one from the other; you must leaue that shoale on your Lar-boord side. From this shoale, your course is still betweene the South by West, and South South-West, to [ 20] goe with the narrow straights, foure miles short of the Kings Towne: this Straight is one league through, and about halfe a mile broad, the course is South South-West through, and it is no great matter for the course in that place, so you keepe the shippe in the middle, which is best: for there is no riding in the narrow, by reason of the swift Tydes that runne there. Hee that goeth through, must take his Tyde with him to driue him through, for (lightly) there is neuer any wind there, the land is so high ouer the Masts on both sides. But you may anchor two leagues short of this narrowe, and ride well (by Gods helpe) in thirty fathome sand. So, when you be through this straight, you must steere South South-west one league, to goe cleare of a point of land that you must leaue on your Lar-boord side; and beeing cleare of that point, you must hale vp South South-East about foure miles, if the wind will giue you leaue, and then you may come [ 30] to an anchor in eight and twentie fathome, hard sand, neere a flat Iland.

Then you shall see the Towne of Botun, vpon the side of an hill, from you about one league. The Roade of Botun lieth in fiue degrees fifteene minutes of South latitude.* 1.73 From Botun road West South-West foure leagues, then South-West, and South-West by South fiue leagues, then West by South and West thirtie leagues, and that will bring you to the Straights of Celebes.

From the Straights of Celebes to the Iland of Banda vpon seuerall courses, as followeth: First, East seuen and thirtie leagues, then East by South fifteene leagues, the North-east halfe a point to the North-ward, about seuenteene leagues, and that will bring you into the latitude of fiue degrees tenne minutes, and then your best course is East North-east, with Buro, distance [ 40] betweene that and Buro sixtie three leagues.* 1.74 From the South part of Buro to the South part of Amboyno, are eight and twenty leagues. From the South part of Amboyno to Banda, the course is East South East distance about thirty leagues. Banda lieth in foure degrees fortie minutes. Your going in is betweene the high Mountaine called Gunappi, and the great Iland of Ban∣da, the hill beeing on your Lar-boord side, and the great Iland on your Star-boord side.

[ 50] [ 60]

Notes

• * 1.1

  Lancerota.
• * 1.2

  Grand Canaria.
• * 1.3

  Sal.
• * 1.4

  Bonauista.
• * 1.5

  The best course to passe the Equinocti∣all Line,
• * 1.6

  Increase of va∣riation in run∣ning South-ward of the Line.

  The Ile of Fernando de Loronha.
• * 1.7

  The Ile of Santa Helena▪
• * 1.8

  The Bay of Saldanha.
• * 1.9

  The highest variation be∣tweene Brasil and the Cape of Good Hope.
• * 1.10

  Connie Iland.
• * 1.11

  Chapmans Chance.
• * 1.12

  Cape Falso.
• * 1.13

  Rio Dolce.
• * 1.14

  No variation•• Cape das A∣guilhas.
• * 1.15

  The great be∣nefit of the Va∣riation.
• * 1.16

  Note.
• * 1.17

  The Riuer of S. Augustine in the Ile of S. Laurence.
• * 1.18

  The Cape of S. Sebastian.
• * 1.19

  Santa Lucia, a good place of refreshing.
• * 1.20

  The Ile of S. Mary.
• * 1.21

  The ba•• of Antongil.
• * 1.22

  The Ile de Roque Piz. The highest variation.
• * 1.23

  Baixos das Cha∣gas.
• * 1.24

  The Ilands of Nicubar.
• * 1.25

  Ilha de Som∣b••ero.
• * 1.26

  Achen in Su∣matra.
• * 1.27

  The Iles das Iarras.
• * 1.28

  The Iles of Nimtam.
• * 1.29

  Shoald water and bankes of stone.
• * 1.30

  The road of Priaman.
• * 1.31

  St••re of Gold in Sumatra. Storax.
• * 1.32

  Tecou.
• * 1.33

  Many Ilands are to the South of Pria∣man.
• * 1.34

  The Ile of Engano.
• * 1.35

  A very good roade.
• * 1.36

  Celebar.
• * 1.37

  Manancabo.
• * 1.38

  The salt hills.
• * 1.39

  The Roade of Marrough.
• * 1.40

  Three Rockes three miles W••st ••rom the salt hil••s.
• * 1.41

  The lying of ••ome part of the Coast of Ia••a.

  The Souther salt hill is in eightie one de∣grees 〈◊〉〈◊〉 longi∣tude from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cape of Good Hope.
• * 1.42

  A rocke vnder water.
• * 1.43

  Pulo Panian.
• * 1.44

  Pulo Lima.
• * 1.45

  The variation is three degr•• i•• Bantam Road••.
• * 1.46

  A long bed of small Islands.
• * 1.47

  Sumatra.
• * 1.48

  Note.
• * 1.49

  A shoald.
• * 1.50

  Lusapara-falsa.
• * 1.51

  The Isle of Banca.
• * 1.52

  Pulo Sio:
• * 1.53

  Pulo Linga.
• * 1.54

  Linga lyeth vn∣der the Equi∣noctiall Line.
• * 1.55

  Eight Islands.
• * 1.56

  The Isle of Bintam.
• * 1.57

  The Straight of Sincapura.
• * 1.58

  Pulo Tinge.
• * 1.59

  Pulo Timon.
• * 1.60

  Ior.
• * 1.61

  Pulo Paccadoure
• * 1.62

  Pulo Pagadure▪
• * 1.63

  Pulo Calasai.
• * 1.64

  Banca.
• * 1.65

  Chinabata.
• * 1.66

  Note▪
• * 1.67

  Note.
• * 1.68

  The straights of S. Thomas.
• * 1.69

  The straights of Bengaia.
• * 1.70

  Machian.
• * 1.71

  Bachian.
• * 1.72

  A dangerous shoald.
• * 1.73

  The road of Botun is in fiue degrees fifteen minutes of South latitude.
• * 1.74

  Buro. Amboyno. Banda.