Purchas his pilgrimes. part 1 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. II. A note for finding out of the Riuer of Saint Augustine in Saint Laurence; of diuers small Iles in the way thence to Achen, and of many Ports and passages in and about Sumatra.

THis Riuer of S. Augustine hath in latitude, twenty three degrees thirtie fiue minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, twenty three degrees twenty minutes East. The variation is fourteene degrees fifty minutes from North to West. But when you goe [ 10] for it, seeke the land in the latitude of twenty foure degrees twenty minutes, because in the latitude of twenty fiue degrees tenne minutes, there is dangerous falling for Rockes and shoalds, which I haue seene. And in this latitude twenty foure degrees twenty minutes, you haue the variation fifteene degrees forty minutes. The shoare bold, but what you see before you. And the coast lieth South and North by a meridian Compasse, without counting the variation, or medling in this place with it, but steere North and North and by East, as discretion will guide you by the land: then comming along the shoare in twenty foure degrees tenne minutes, you shall see a head-land, which hath vpon it a round hill of white sand, and is like a Castle, with some few trees by it. This head-land is short of the Bay thirteene leagues, and your course is North and by East and North still, no danger till you see the Iles and shoalds before the Bay: and in the [ 20] Countrey you shall see a land rise like vnto Westminster Hall, and a gut betweene two high lands, like Dartmouth. The Riuer is between these two hils: when you come with the Iles and shoalds, and will goe into the North-ward of them,* 1.1 you may be bold of the shoalds in seuen fathomes, if you will loofe in by them, but anchor not by them: for it is bad ground, with Corrall that will cut your Cable in sunder, if you ride but little time there; but rather hale East, vp for the Chan∣nell comming from the Riuer, where you haue Ozie by the Maine, in twelue, foureteen, or twen∣ty fathomes water: and you shall find deepe water in along to the Riuer, till you come fast by the two hills, and Westminster Hall within the point on the West North-west side. There you may choose your roade from twenty fathomes to twelue, eleuen, tenne, nine, eight, seuen, sixe, or fiue fathomes. But it is Ozie ground without the two headlands, and sand within. This Riuer lieth [ 30] from the Iles without shoalds East, and is distant fiue leagues. Here is good filling of water, and wooding, very good victuals; buy you pay siluer: for that they desire most. The people are of a reasonable disposition; but you need not to trust them, nor none else where you come, but stand alwayes vpon your Guard, while your Boat goe into the Riuer to fill water. You shall haue a ve∣ry good Oxe for foure shillings, and a Goat for one shilling English, and as good as you haue in England. The men of this place are tall and well made.

* 1.2The Cape of S. Sebastian hath in latitude twentie fiue degrees fortie fiue minutes, and longi∣tude from the Cape of Good Hope, twentie fiue degrees no minutes. The variation of the Com∣passe sixteene degrees fortie minutes from North to West. Here vpon the South-east side is a ve∣ry good place for refreshing, as the Hollanders report, much vpon the latitude of twenty foure [ 40] degrees no minutes. It is named Santa Lucia; for as they haue reported to mee, there is a race of the Portugalls left there.* 1.3 They say the ships ride verie secure, and haue aboue nine or eight fa∣thomes water, sandie ground, and an Iland or two before it. And this must bee much better for shipping bound vp or downe, then the Riuer of S. Augustine, because it is vpon the head of the Iland.

* 1.4The Ile of S. Marie, vpon the East side of S. Laurence, hath in latitude sixteene degrees thirtie minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope thirty one degrees no minutes. The variati∣on nineteene degrees fiftie minutes from North to West. This Iland is inhabited; and there we had Hennes, Limons, and other refreshing, good water; but neuer a Harbour, all Roads: you may ride off the West side, before a Towne of twelue or sixteene houses. The depth of water is twen∣ty [ 50] fathomes, more or lesse. The distance from this Island, ouer to the Maine is tenne leagues. To the North North-west, from this Iland is a great Bay, that lieth sixteene leagues deepe West North West in from the Souther-side of the Bay, there is good riding vnder a little Iland, and in from that vpon the Maine, there is a Riuer of fresh water. And there is likewise water and wood vpon the Ile by the Roade, you may ride in twelue, tenne, nine, or eight fathomes: but you had need to shue your anchors: for it is so soft Ozie, that your anchors will come home. Here you haue Rice in abundance, hens, and some cattell. The people haue warre, one side of the Bay with the other. Trust these people not too farre for treachery. It is a place of very vncertaine and conta∣gious weather, for raine, thunder and lightning, as euer I came in, and very vnholsome▪ for we [ 60] lost many men here. But if distresse vrge a man to it, you may vnlade a ship, or doe any businesse by the Iland, with standing vpon your guard, and vsing the people friendly, as the Hollanders haue been driuen vnto. The latitude of this Bay is, fifteene degrees fortie minutes. But if you go with S. Marie first, you cannot misse it: for it is the next Bay vpon the Maine vnto the Iland. The

name of this Bay is Antongill.* 1.5 We did ride here in the first East Indian Voyage for the Merchants of London, in the yeere 1601. from December to March, and then we went for the East Indies.

The latitude of the Ile de Roque Piz is eleuen degrees no minutes,* 1.6 and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, forty one degrees no minutes of the great Circle East. Here in the sight of these two Ilands, we had the highest variation of the Compasse, which was twenty three degrees thir∣ty minutes. Now South from this place, as neere as I can iudge by sundry times going vp and downe, we haue likewise the most variation, that is: if you be in the latitude of twentie seuen or twenty eight degrees, then you haue twenty sixe degrees no minutes: if you bee in thir∣ty three degrees no minutes of latitude, you haue twenty seuen degrees twenty minutes of vari∣ation. [ 10] And this you may see in my Voyage in the Iames, begun in February, 1611. and ended the third of August, 1615.

The Shoalds, called Baixos das Chagas▪ haue in latitude sixe degrees no minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, fiftie three degrees thirty six minutes East.* 1.7 The variation is nineteen degr. fiftie min. from North to West. These shoalds are very dangerous. There are three or foure Ilands and other dry sands: we were twenty foure houres vpon and among these Shoalds. There is in some places corall, in other some sand; sometimes tenne fathomes, and by and by sixe fa∣thomes: the best water the ships had, was foure fathomes: but God be thanked, we had no hurt to any one of the ships. We were cleere by keeping the Iles South South-west from vs: for vpon the North North-east side it is, that we found the way out. If they had been well laid in our [ 20] Charts, we had missed them.

In the Channel of Maldina, the Compasse varieth 17. degrees. And at the Cape de Comori six∣teene degrees. The Ilands of Nicubar, lying off the North end of Sumatra,* 1.8 haue in North latitude seuen degrees tenne minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, seuentie three degrees no minutes East. The variation is seuen degrees fiue minutes from North to West. If you goe with these Iles of Nicubar, as you come from the West-ward, when you come within fiftie or fortie leagues, you shall meete with ouerfals, or the running of some tydes, which will make you mistrust shoald water: but we found none with o••r Lead when we sounded. Many such you shall passe. I thinke they be the streames comming from the Bay of Bengala. Among these Ilands there is no danger, but what you see: you may bee bold to water and fit your sel••es here. The [ 30] people will not come aboord your ship, but will buy and sell in their Canoes. Farther into the North-ward are more Ilands; as in eight degrees lieth an Iland called Ilha de Sombrero,* 1.9 because vpon the Souther-side the land is like a hat. Vnder this Iland is good riding; and the people will come to your shippe from the other Ilands to the East-ward, for there are many Ilands.

Achen, which is a Citie vpon the West North-west side of Sumatra,* 1.10 hath in latitude fiue de∣grees forty minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope seuentie foure degrees fortie mi∣nutes East. And the variation is sixe degrees twentie fiue minutes from North to West. You may ride in seuen or eight fathomes, or at low water in fiue or sixe; it hyeth fiue foot vpon the Barre. Your roade is to the East ward of the Castle, and a round hil in the Countrey South-east from you. The ground is Ozie where you ride. There is h••gh land vpon the Wester-side of the Towne. The [ 40] hill, which is South-east of you, is called the hil of Pedir, because there is a Towne of that name vnder it, twenty fiue leagues from Achen. Before the Road in the Offing are fiue or sixe Ilands. The Pepper of this place is better then the Pepper of Bantam. At Pedir Pepper is to be had, but little else. The land lieth from the Road of Achen forty or fifty leagues East and West.

And if you will goe for the straight of Malacca, there is no danger till you come to the East-ward of the Iles das Iarras, but a faire depth, at twenty fiue or thirtie fathomes water.* 1.11 The tydes set as much one way as the other. At these Iles das Iarras, you may see the high land of Malacca: but here about Sumatra, is all low land. And your variation here about the Equinoctial is all one, as I said before, when I spake of the highest, that there is within lesse variation then without, in the latitude of foureteene or fifteene degrees. For when you haue seuen degrees fiftie minutes [ 50] in the Offing, you are much vpon seuen degrees thirtie minutes longitude from Bantam. And that distance you are in for longitude from Bantam, when you are vnder the Equinoctiall line, and haue sixe degrees thirty fiue minutes of variation. So that much vpon that rate of thirtie one leagues in the Offing of Easting or Westing, will alter one degree of variation, or one degree and an halfe of longitude; and within you runne fortie leagues, or two degrees. This I haue found by experi∣ence both within and without going home from Bantam.

If you were at Achen, and would saile for Priaman, which is a Towne vpon the West side of Sumatra, and hath in latitude no degrees fiftie minutes South, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope seuentie seuen degrees forty minutes East: The variation foure degrees forty minutes from North to West: The surest way is this. To the East-ward of Priaman there are Ilands, in [ 60] the South latitude of one degree and thirty minutes, which are called the Iles of Nimtam.* 1.12 Your course is to goe with these Ilands, and come not betweene the maine, but keepe the Sea, till you see those Ilands: keepe in one degree twenty minutes of South latitude, and you shall surely fall with the North end of the biggest. Now this great Iland being the biggest of the two, is twen∣ty leagues long very neere: and there are many little Ilands neere it. And when you are with this

Iland, go vp by it, for it is the bolder of the two, but haue your Lead going now and then to pre∣uent dangers, yet I haue found the least to be tenne fathomes water. When you are shut within these Ilands, your course is East by North eighteene leagues: but saile not by night, but holl ra∣ther, and saile by day. Now although Priaman and this Iland doe lie East by North, and West by South, yet your best way is, to direct your course East North-east, and North-east by East, a∣mong; and then you shall see three hummocks in the maine, before you can see the low land; and then hauing sight of them, you may goe in till you see the low land of the Maine: but looke well about you:* 1.13 for when these hills come to the North-east from you, there is shoald water, and bankes of stone: but you may borrow of them with your Lead in seuen fathomes: then are you six leagues from the roade of Priaman, and your course East South-east, or South-east by East with [ 10] your Lead going now and then. For the knowing of the road of Priaman, when you haue the hils North and West from you, you shall see many Ilands to the South-ward; but the first will shew white, and none of the rest. So that Iland lieth West South-west from the roade three leagues. And the land in the Countrey aboue Priaman is high, and like a Saddle in the middest. This high land beareth from the road North-east and by East. I set it downe with this notice, because there are foure Ilands before the roade within which you ride, and may mistrust to goe within these Ilands, when you come from the West North-west, because they will not be open, but shew like a paire of breeches till you haue brought them East North-east from you; then will they beginne to open, for there is good going in betweene them, leauing two on the one side, and two on the other. But come not neere that little vttermost Ile by the maine; for there is all flat ground. But [ 20] keepe in nine or eight fathomes, till you come with the other three Iles that lie in a row, and then goe into the South-ward of the Norther of these three Ilands, and vnder that Iland is the road.* 1.14 Wherefore be bold of it in fiue or sixe fathomes, because it is but narrow between that Ile, and the Riuer running from the Towne, to wit, much vpon the breath of the Thames at Blacke∣wall. Vpon this Ile, vnder which you ride, is a Well made artificially by those that haue vsed to water there. It is a good road when you are in, but moore your ship sure. The people here are co∣uetous, and still begging for one thing or other; yet they vsed vs very well, and brought vs hens and such vict••alls as the place affoardeth. Here is good trade from Iaua with Iunkes, for their Pep∣p••r they bring them salt, which is verie ••cant vpon this side of the Iland. And about September and October there commeth euery yeare a Guserate with Cotton cloth to serue this side of the [ 30] Iland,* 1.15 and ladeth away Pepper, and carrieth away some Gold: for Gold is more plentie there, then Siluer, as we might plainely see by the Countrie-people: for they are very desirous of Rials of eight. Here is some Beniamin to be had, and verie good Storax, with other Commodities.

* 1.16Tecou is seuen leagues from this road, but it is shoaldie water, and ill for ships, because they must ride farre off. But Prawes and such small vessels as the Countrey people vse, are fittest, and will bring all their Commodities vnto you into Priaman road, after they know a shippe to bee there, tenne leagues.

* 1.17To the Northward of Priaman there are no Ilands three or foure leagues off: but to the South-ward coast is full of Ilands along till you come into two degrees and an halfe or latitude. The coast lieth from Priaman two degrees twenty minutes of latitude South. Your course is South▪ [ 40] when you set saile from Priaman, you may goe within those Ilands by the road: because by the Souther Iland lieth a shoald close by the off side: your depth is fiue and sixe fathomes. In going downe to the Southward, keepe the maine still, and goe not without among those Ilands: for it is all ground and shoalds. But saile not by night, till you come into the latitude of two degrees thirtie minutes. For as you passe by the high land, that is distant from the road of Priaman thir∣teene leagues, it is very dangerous: keep your selfe in twenty or thirty fathomes water off the maine, and looke well about you when this high land commeth toward the East. Between that gut of high land as you passe like Dartmouth, is the Towne of Celledai. I haue had by going neere those Ilands here, about thirteene leagues from the aforesaid road, but foure fathomes water, and haue seen the stones, vnder the ship, and haue gone but little in againe toward the maine, and haue [ 50] had sixteene fathomes, and twelue fathomes water: wherefore there is no feare by the maine land, keeping your Lead going: then being cleare off these Ilands, your course is South and by East by the maine, till you come to two degrees thirty minutes: and then the land lieth to three de∣grees tenne minutes South-east, and then South-east and by South to foure degrees, and so to fiue degrees no minutes by the same course.

The land is very high and bold heere in fiue degrees, no minutes. In fiue degrees and thirtie minutes lyeth the Isle of Engano,* 1.18 but there is no anchoring by it; for I haue sought to anchor, but it is rockes and deepe water. But if you haue any occasion, you shall find in the latitude of foure degrees,* 1.19 ten minutes, a very good roade vnder an Island fast by the maine, where you may ride in seuen fathoms, and no danger but what you see, but may boldly turne into the Roade, if [ 60] the wind ••e at South-east, Ozie ground. Heere you may haue wood and water, if you haue need: But beware, two leagues West South-west from this Island, it is very dangerous shoald in the sea, the water breaketh much vpon it; wherefore keepe in by the Island, and giue the point a birth: but you cannot go betweene the maine and this Isle with a ship, because it is narrow and shoaldy

water. This Road or Harbour is named by the Countrie people, Celebar:* 1.20 we did ride heere with Sir Edward Michelborne thirteene daies, to doe some businesse. You shall neuer with a South-east wind misse some Iunckes of Iaua, or of some other place riding there. The land to the North-ward in the countrie is high, but by the sea-side reasonable, not very low neither. This high land in fiue degrees, twentie minutes, is called Manancabo, and is extraordinary high.* 1.21 The course alongst the shoare is South South-east, Easterly, till you come to see a little Island fast by the maine, that lieth in sixe degrees, no minutes, or much thereupon. Heere you shall see a round hill in the countrie East from you, which will be North, when you come with the three Isles by [ 10] the point of Sumatra, that lye East one from the other.* 1.22 Then shall you haue the Salt-hills East and by South from you, when this hill is North, and the distance from the three Islands lying East and West, to the three salt hills, which are three Islands, that lye South and North one from another, to be ten leagues. The Land of Sumatra, from the little Island to the other three Islands, lyeth East South-east, and is distant foure leagues. This land is not very high, but in the countrie it is high land. The dep••h by this land is foure and fiftie fathomes; and by the three East and West Islands, there is sixteene fathoms water; and further vp, you haue thirthie fathomes, when the round hill is North from you. Now you must vnderstand, that ••eere as you goe vpon the Coast of Sumatra, are more Islands then a man can number. But if you will go into t••e Road of Marrough, you may boldly beare in among those Islands that lye North-east and by East,* 1.23 till you come to the maine land of Sumatra, where you shall haue twentie or thirtie fathomes, and [ 20] no danger, but what you see. Now when you come in with the maine foure leagues West South-west from this Head-land, which is called Marrough, you shall haue all to the Northward off you low land, and many Islands; but you must go East South-east vnto the Head-land of Sumatra: for this Roade of Marrough is along the shoare from the three little Islands fast by the maine, till you come almost to the point that maketh the Straight of Sunda, you may anchor in twentie or twelue fathomes water, Ozie ground, a faire birth off: There is good refreshing, and Riuers all along the shoare. The land is very high heere in from the Roade. But if you come with the three Salt hills or Islands, that lye South and North one from the other, which are distant, as I said be∣fore, from the three East and West Islands by Sumatra ten leagues, and would go for this place of Marrough, steere in with the high land North, when you are to the Eastward of the South Salt [ 30] hill, and you go right with it; for the land aboue it is like a barne, and none there-about like it: you may be bold euery way hereabout, for there is no danger, but what you see with your eyes, no where without the Straights mouth. In the very straight or narrow betweene Sumatra and Iaua side, which you will, if you go to the Westward of the three South and North Islands, you need not feare, although you see three rockes stand three miles West from the Salt hill; for you may come fast by them, or put betweene any of those Islands,* 1.24 the depth will bee much about twentie or thirtie fathoms. The course from the Head-lan•• of Sumatra, w••ere the three East and West Islands are, is East North-east with the Point or Head-land of Sumatra, that maketh the Straights entrie. The Coast of Iaua l••eth from the Point of Talimbam downe to seuen de∣grees almost of Southerly latitude; where are many Islands on this side,* 1.25 South-west and North-east, [ 40] and you haue ground with the lead at thirtie or fortie fathomes, in some place: But a little without the Point of Palimbam you may anchor in twelue fathomes, Ozie ground. The latitude of the South-east salt hill, is sixe degrees, ten minutes: The longitude from Cape of Good Hope eightie one East, the variation three degrees, twentie minutes. These salt hills stand nearer Iaua then Sumatra by two leagues, you may see both Maines at one time, if it be cleare, and you be in the mid-way. The land of Iaua is high within the countrie, and low by the water-side. The streame in the Straight setteth twelue houres one way, and twelue houres the other, but most strongly; for you cannot beare a head with a hard gale at some times: wherefore go off on one side, and anchor, it maketh no matter on which. But if you chance to go in by Sumatra side, keep nearer Sumatra by a good deale, then to the Islands, till the Islands bee East and by South from [ 50] you, for there is a rock vnder water, which breaketh at low water,* 1.26 that lyeth West and by North from the Island. Sumatra is bold, to you can keepe off the land; and so is Iaua side also. The way to Bantam, when you are about the Point of Palimbam, is by the land East South-est, and South-east and by East, with your lead going till you see a flat Island c••lled Pulo Panian,* 1.27 which is di∣stant from the Point of Palimbam nine or ten leagues. When you come to this Island, you may go without it, or within it at your pleasure: but keepe your lead going, and come not nearer then fiue or sixe fathomes off that Island. Then if you looke in vpon the maine, you shall see a round hill in the countrie bearing South, or betweene that and South South-west. This hill stan∣deth right ouer the Towne of Bantam: if you haue it South South-west from you, goe in with that course, till you come to see fiue Islands together, right from Pulo Panian. Your Road [ 60] is by these fiue Islands called Pulo Lima,* 1.28 where you may ride in what depth you will vnder foure fathoms, Ozie ground. It higheth fiue foote water in the Roade. Wherefore when you chuse to ride, remember the Tide, for otherwise you may bee on ground at low water.* 1.29 The variation in the Road is three degrees from North to West. Heere are many Islands in this Road round about you.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Riuer of S. Augustine in the Ile of S. Laurence.
• * 1.2

  The Cape of S. Sebastian.
• * 1.3

  Santa Lucia, a good place of refreshing.
• * 1.4

  The Ile of S. Mary.
• * 1.5

  The ba•• of Antongil.
• * 1.6

  The Ile de Roque Piz. The highest variation.
• * 1.7

  Baixos das Cha∣gas.
• * 1.8

  The Ilands of Nicubar.
• * 1.9

  Ilha de Som∣b••ero.
• * 1.10

  Achen in Su∣matra.
• * 1.11

  The Iles das Iarras.
• * 1.12

  The Iles of Nimtam.
• * 1.13

  Shoald water and bankes of stone.
• * 1.14

  The road of Priaman.
• * 1.15

  St••re of Gold in Sumatra. Storax.
• * 1.16

  Tecou.
• * 1.17

  Many Ilands are to the South of Pria∣man.
• * 1.18

  The Ile of Engano.
• * 1.19

  A very good roade.
• * 1.20

  Celebar.
• * 1.21

  Manancabo.
• * 1.22

  The salt hills.
• * 1.23

  The Roade of Marrough.
• * 1.24

  Three Rockes three miles W••st ••rom the salt hil••s.
• * 1.25

  The lying of ••ome part of the Coast of Ia••a.

  The Souther salt hill is in eightie one de∣grees 〈◊〉〈◊〉 longi∣tude from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cape of Good Hope.
• * 1.26

  A rocke vnder water.
• * 1.27

  Pulo Panian.
• * 1.28

  Pulo Lima.
• * 1.29

  The variation is three degr•• i•• Bantam Road••.