Purchas his pilgrimes. part 1 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. IIII. Many proud affronts of the Portugals. Disgusts from the Indians. [ 40]

* 1.1THe first of October, we all set sayle backe againe towards the Road, where our Admi∣rall rid, but the wind shortening vpon vs, and the tyde of ebbe growing also strong, we could not fetch the Road, but were put off some foure miles Westwards of the Roade, wherefore it was Wednesday before the wind and tyde so much fauoured vs as to get into the Road. Sir Henry Middleton wrote vnto the Portugall Captaine Maior, requi∣ring him that if he could not permit him to Trade here, yet, that he might take in the Merchants and others his Countrymen which were heere on shoare in this Coun••rey, and then hee would be gone from this place; but the Portugall Captaines answere (to this) was No, for hee would [ 50] carrie them to Goa, and from thence, they should be sent home: also it seemed that Iohn Iour∣daine,* 1.2 had beene flattering with the fathers both at Agra and Cambaya, and had obtayned some commendations to the Vice-Roy, or request or hope of conduction into Portugall, knowing at present no better meanes to get into his Countrey: by which Sir Henry Middleton could neuer imagine nor expect any safetie to such as continue firme to our State and Countrey. And neere the time of this Letter from Sir Henry Middleton, Captaine Sharpeigh by some principall Portu∣gall then on land in Surat, made motion either by Letter or otherwise, to the Captaine Maior to giue him his Segure (or safe conduct) for his safe passage aboard the English ships; whereupon the Captaine Maior, in scoffe wrote vnto the English Captaine and his Companions, his Segure for their safe comming aboard his Galliote, without addition for his departure thence, the thing [ 60] which he required. And further to shew the base account he made of our Nation, added, that if they would take their passage along with him to Goa, he would vse him and his Company with as much fauour, as he would doe to Turkes, Moores, or other Nations that vse these Seas; and all other Nations (a few Persians excepted) are Iewes, Bannians, and Gentiles, which though it

were in him an vnpleasing and vile speech, yet I like well his plainenesse, in shewing them what to trust to before (not thinking they could haue escaped his hands) otherwise it is likely, that some of them would haue beene perswaded, that their vsage should haue beene better then is heere promised.

Sir Henry Middleton being very zealous in procuring the libertie of our Countrymen, though both by Captaine Hawkins and William Finch his Letters, and by all else we could vnderstand of the Countrey, all hope of good here to be done for the Company, eyther for present or to come was wholly quenched; he writ to haue them come by land and meete him at Dabull, but that iourney was thought too tedious, and by reason of the Warres in Decanie, dangerous. The time [ 10] thus lost seemed very tedious; wherein our water and other prouisions fast wasted, our people daily for want of comfortable refreshing, fell generally into sicknesse, which made our estate doubtfull, not knowing where or by what meanes to get refreshing, we being so garded by these our Enemies, that none could come to vs, neither could we goe from our ships: And Captaine Sharpeigh made prouision for vs at the Towne, though without hope that it could escape the Portugall, who lay in continuall waite for it. It being prouided, it was in vaine to sell it againe, but order being giuen to send it howsoeuer, it was immediately sent towards vs.

The eleuenth, Sir Henry Middleton, much disturbed in minde at our present doubtfull estate, and our great losse of time, and that to so little purpose, and therefore leauing the Trades Increase in the mayne Road, he with the Pepper-Corne, and Darling, and Release, put in practice to disco∣uer [ 20] alongst the Coast to the North-ward, to find out some place where our shippes might safely ride so neere the shoare, as to command the place of landing, and frustrate the Portugalls attempts for taking our Boates and people: but the day neere spent, wee anchored neere the North point, thwart of the barre at the enterance of the Riuer of Surat. This day Allonso Gransidio dyed.

The twelfth, early in the morning,* 1.3 the Portugalls tooke the Boate which was comming to∣wards vs with our prouisions: in scoffe the Captaine Maior presently sent thankes to Captaine Sharpeigh, for his care of him in sending him victuals for his supply. This said morning at the first of the floud we set sayle standing with the point to the Northwards, and by reason of the quicknesse of the streame, and our suspition in this vnknowne place, wee euer put that shippe smallest of draft head-most, and before the smallest we sent our rowing Boates, making no more [ 30] haste with our Sayles, then that our Boates might keepe head with their Oares. And yet further to preuent what perill by these strong Tydes might happen, wee had our Anchors alwayes in readinesse to let drop whensoeuer by their signes ahead, wee should vnderstand of any sudden shoalding. The Armie of the Portugals likewise weighed and followed keeping a brest betweene the Pepper-Corne and the shore, they all rowing in order of Battell with their Colours displayed, oftentimes making great shoutes as in some great attempt; the Captaine Maior in a small Frigat, going from Frigat to Frigat throughout his Fleet incouraging them at length the Darlings Boat a good distance of betweene the ship & the land, by occasion of a suspicious ripling & where shee was sounding, presently by the Captaine Maiors direction one of their smaller swiftest Frigats (being ouer-bold through our long sufferance) rew forth with great swiftnesse to cut off from vs [ 40] the Darlings Boat, being seconded by another of the same kind. The Master of the Darling see∣ing his Boat and men in such danger, could no longer forbeare, but for her rescue he began to shoot at them, the former Frigat gat cleere ahead. But the second seeing our shoote flye so fast at her with feare put on shoare, the men abandoning her ranne away in the mudde; the Armie now comming vp for her rescue perceiuing our shot came amongst them so fast shoued a sterne lea∣uing that Frigat to our deuotion wee perceiuing them so to leaue her, and for that she was fit to serue our turnes, bestowed the fetching of her. In this Frigat wee found some small quantity of Indico, Cinamon, Comin-seed, Cotton Yarne,* 1.4 Mirabolans (dry for Phisick) & one small ballet of Candekins mill, & very course, all of smal value, these things had the Portugals lately taken from a poore Bannian. By this occasion we anchored here in seuen fathome water, thwart of the North [ 50] point in the mouth of the Riuer of Surat, within Musket shot of the shoare at low water, here wee rid till the next day.

The thirteenth, in the morning we weighed and stood somewhat neerer into the shorewards, and anchored in sixe fathome, presently we descryed diuers men on land, wherefore the Gene∣rall sent Master Ieffe, and Matthew Bragge ashore with a Flagge of Truce: but they being Portu∣gals, and perceiuing them landed, retyred flourishing their Swords as though they had atchieued some worthy exploit: this day about nine a clocke in the fore-noone, the Generall sent a way the Darling into the maine Road, where the Trades Increase rid, she made no stay there, but pre∣sently againe returned bringing with her one of the Indian ship Boates, and seuenteene of their men whom the Generall at times sent away with Letters to the Towne to Captaine Sharpeigh [ 60] whom before their going the Generall royally rewarded, also promising them better satisfacti∣on at their returne: fiue of them were this euening sent away with Letters, who promised to re∣turne againe to vs with Letters, but according to their accustomed practice of lying and deceit, they onely spake to giue present content and meant the contrary, so that there is no hold in their words. This day there came somwhat neer vs a great Indian Boat laden with Paddy, the General

made stay of her, and for our present supply, bought of her one Candie, & sixe Maunds of Paddy, which the next day we tooke into the Pepper-corne, and they hauing satisfaction to their con∣tent, being dismissed, departed.

The sixteenth, we seeing two Frigats riding a good distance to the North-ward of vs, which the Generall had a desire to see what they were, and to know the cause of their riding there: which being Portugals, and seeing vs rowing alongst the coast towards them, they set saile, stan∣ding awhile alongst the coast, and then to the Offing; but finding our selues further and further a sterne gaue them ouer, and stood in with the Riuer, and point of South Swally; we landed, deter∣mining with our net to fish, but the depth of the water not seruing, the General was going vp the Riuer in his Galliot to fish, at which instant there came a good gale of wind off the sea, wherwith [ 10] againe came in the two former Frigats, accompanied with two other Frigats, newly come from the bar-foot of Surat. In which was the late Captaine of our little Frigats; who lately hazarded his life by running away in the deep mud, supposed now by worthy valour to recouer her againe, (as soon after we were informed) to whose attempt the wind was as fauourable, as aduerse to vs, who had farre to row to wind-ward ouer a broad shoale, whereon we alwaies had between three and foure foot water; but we somewhat gotten off to set saile, and the Release not farre off to se∣cond vs: and contrary to their expectations, in stead of flying see all our endeauours bent to hasten the meeting with them, and seeing our Musket shot fell but little short of them, which imme∣diately was like to reach them: but as seemed, their former resolution found some contradict, for they all at once exchanged their steerne for their prowes, giuing vs some wast base shot in their [ 20] running away; we pursued long, since we lost not much, we were euer in hope to get ground of them, but the wind increasing, and what betweene our people tired at the oare, and our too small saile to our little Frigat, put them cleane from vs, and so we returned to the Pepper-corne, leauing the Darling.

The twentieth in the morning, Thomas Glemham in the Pinnasse went on shoare to attend the comming downe of any of the Countrey people, either with messages or prouisions to sell, all giuing direction, if any came to giue him knowledge by shooting off three Muskets together, that the Generall in the Frigat would then goe on shoare the Pinnasse comming on shoare, one man onely for a Centinell went on shoare, who no sooner came to the top of a small hill neere the water-side, but presently seeing a troupe of Portugals rush out of their ambush towards them, [ 30] retyred to the Pinnasse, who rowed a little from the shoare and anchored; the Portugals com∣ming to the water side, discharged their smal shot at our Pinnasse, who so well repayd them with their Muskets, that presently they ran away, soone after they saw one of the Inhabitants on Horse-back, whose comming down (as they suppose) the present sight of the Portugals hindered, and therefore shot off three Muskets together, which the Generals hearing, presently went on the shoare with the Frigat, but contrary to our expectation the said Indian came not downe to them, neither any Message nor Letter, neither from the General nor Captaine Sharpeigh. In the euening some of the poore Inhabitants brought downe some few fruits to sel, which the General caused to be bought, and as our men repayred to the Frigat to come aboord, there came downe vnto them three men out of the Portugall Armie, who for some disgust there giuen them, fled to vs for succour, the one of them a Dutchman borne in Lisbone, called Lorenzo de Campo, the other [ 40] two were Portugals, the principall of them called Frances Consalues.

The one and twentieth in the morning, the Generall in the Frigat went on shoare, where hee no sooner landed, but presently an Indian brought him a Letter from Captaine Sharpeigh, certi∣fying Sir Henry Middleton that the next day he would come downe with all his goods guarded by an hundred Horsemen; this day a Mallabar Boy called Antonio, who had beene fiue or sixe yeares Captiue to a Portugall Souldier in this Armie, now finding good oportunitie to his de∣sire, fled vnto vs for succour.

The two and twentieth, early in the morning, the Generall went on shoare in the Frigat, at∣tended by the Release, to expect the comming downe of Captaine Sharpeigh, according to his in∣formation [ 50] in his Letter: now approaching neere the shoare, the Frigat anchored, and presently landed thirty men with small shot, the Generall appointing one of them for Centinell, to stay on the top of a small hill neere the water side; the rest also to be neere the water side, for the better auoiding any sudden attempt, but all to looke about, to see if they could discouer any bo∣die comming downe from Surat-wards: the Centinell in short time saw two Bannians comming from the North-wards, whereof he instantly gaue knowledge: these Bannians brought downe some Tobacco, and other trifling things to sell; they beeing come aboord the Frigat, certified the Generall that the last night fiue Englishmen came from Surat, to a village some foure miles from this place;* 1.5 and that this morning they came from them, and that this afternoone they would come downe to vs, presently there sallied out of a valley betweene two hils on a sudden, [ 60] seuen troopes of Portugals, with their colours displayed, whom our men seeing made a stand, the Portugals also made a stand, as hauing no list to come within the reach of our shot, although there were neere three hundred of them. The Generall commanded our men to retire, and to imbarque themselues: which being done accordingly, the Portugals then made pursuit after them▪ and with fiue or sixe Basses (by them brought for that purpose) and other small shot, they began

to shoot at our Boates and men, but did them no harme, who failed not to answer them againe with the like, whereby (as aft••rwards wee were informed) they went away with the worst. Now after longer stay, and our people not comming according to our expectation, the Generall returned aboord the Pepper-corne, determining this afternoon with the ebbe to be gone from this place to the Trades-increase; but as we were setting saile, a company of men were descried com∣ming from the North-ward, wherefore we againe anchored, and the General went on shore in the Frigat, where presently came downe to them three of our Country-men, of the Ascensions com∣pany, to wit, Thomas Musgraue, Bartholmew Dauis, and William Morgan, who with them brought Captain Sharpeigh, and Iohn Iordaines cloaths and prouisions.* 1.6 On Thursday came downe [ 10] to them Captaine Sha••peigh, with an hundred horsemen for his guard, all armed with Bowes and arrowes and Swords: with him came aboord Iaddow, the Broaker, and a Braman (or Bannian Priest) and an other Indian, Captaine Sharpeigh his seruant.

The fiue and twentieth, Sir Henry Middleton in the Frigat,* 1.7 went on shore (accompanied by Captaine Sharpeigh, and Iohn Iordaine) where Coia Nassan at the water side promised to meete him, who was there in readinesse according to his promise. The Frigat comming to the water side, the Generall was fetcht on shore on a Pallankin, borne on foure mens shoulders, and there kindly entertained by Coia Nassan, and according to the Countrey fashion, a Carpet was spread whereon they sate to conferre of our present businesse. It was by them in a manner concluded, our ships to goe to Goga, a place on the Wester side of the Gul••e neerer to Cambaya, and to haue [ 20] Pilots from the shore for our more safe conduct; but a sudden (and at this time of the yeere vn∣vsuall) showre of raine happening, they brake vp their conference, promising the next day there to meet againe, fully to determine of our said businesse.

The sixe and twentieth, according to mutuall promise, the Generall in manner aforesaid went on shore in the Frigat, who anchoring neere the shore side, Coia Nassan in one of our boats sent off Iaddow with a Present of tenne fine Bastas, and fiftie Bushels of Wheate to the Generall, and two Pilots for our safe conduct to Goga: the Generall very kindly accepted thereof, and with the Pinnasse went to the shoreside, where on a Pallankin in manner aforesaid, hee was receiued and entertained on shore, where they proceeded on their former conference; but the Pilots ha∣uing discouered the manner of the place, whose vnfitnesse gaue no content, and therefore their [ 30] determination therein soone altered, and it was concluded and agreed vpon, that our ships should for the space of sixe dayes be gone off to Sea, which the Portugals perceiuing, they suppose would also be gone, and then we againe to returne, and suddenly to dispatch our businesse. This Eue∣ning we set saile, standing to the South-wards to the Trades-increase, but the wind shortned vp∣on vs, so that we anchored some mile West-ward of the roade. This day in the morning, Thomas La•••• died.

The seuen and twentieth in the morning, the Generall departed aboord the Trades-increase, and soone after sent his Pinnasse for Captaine Sharpeigh and my s••lfe,* 1.8 to conferre about our pre∣sent businesse, (also he sent men to fetch away the Frigat and Portugals from the Pepper-corne:) after a Counsell held, the Generall sent a letter to Don Francisco de Soto, Captaine Maior of the [ 40] Portugall army, therein repeating the manifold discurtesies by him shewed towards vs: First, not onely hindering our landing, but also the passage of our letters, kept vs from all reliefe for our sicke men, and what at great charge was prouided, he had taken from vs, and kept vs from our people on shore, which if we could haue gotten, we had been gone long since: and also his endea∣uours the twelfth of this Moneth, to cut from vs our boats sounding a head our ships, what time we tooke one of their Frigats, which we now hauing done o••r businesse, if hee would send for her, we would freely bestow her on him againe. Also the Generall released the Indian shippes, whom for conueiance of letters betweene Captaine Sharpeigh and him, he restrained from going into the Riuer, who now being dismist, they presently departed towards Surat: also wee made ready our ships to be gone off to Sea.

[ 50] The nine and twentieth, we set saile to sea-wards, the Portugall Frigats still following vs in their accustomed manner. This day we met with a boat bound to Cambaya, laden with Coco nuts, of whom the Generall bought seuenteene thousand, which he distributed amongst our peo∣ple, and the Indian boat was presently dismist: this day was M. Mullenex the second time put into the Pepper-corne. The one and thirtieth, S. Henry Middleton seeing that the Portugals still followed vs, determined to stand off no further, but againe to returne to doe our businesse so farre as conueniently we could, in despite of them.

The first of Nouember, according to the Generals predetermination, we re••urned to the North-wards as the winds and tides permitted. Saterday in the morning,* 1.9 we anchored thwart of South Swally, where the General in the Frigat went on shore, but heard no news from Surat. [ 60] This night the Portugals in the riuer shot off diuers peeces, which they told the Indians was for ioy they had receiued tidings of the comming of two great Gallies, and twentie Frigats more for their assistance, whereby they abused themselues, in thinking with their lyes to terrifie vs, who were now armed to withstand all their villainous practises, vsurping authority in an other Kings Dominion, where they haue no more to doe then in Denmarke.

The fifth, Sir Henry Middleton sent William Pemberton Master of the Darling (in whose endea∣uours he had firme confidence) with his ship the Release and Frigat againe,* 1.10 to discouer to the North-wards as afore-said; who there found a bard place, wherein not onely our smaller ships might at high water goe, but also the Trades-increase, being a little lightned, might also goe safe∣ly ouer the Barre, and there ride within Calieuer shot of the shoare.

The sixth in the morning, with the first of the floud, we all set saile, standing to the North∣wards, and anchored thwart of the place discouered: at high water wee with the Pepper-corne, Darling and Release, went in ouer the Barre, whereon the least depth wee found was three fa∣thome and a foote, but at low water three foot. Beeing in, we all anchored within Calieuer shot of the shoare, as aforesaid in eight fathome, and right a head or to the North-ward of vs, ancho∣red twelue Portugall Frigats, somewhat without the reach of our Ordnance. This afternoone the [ 10] Generall and my selfe, with a guard of fortie small shot, went on shoare to seeke out some place where we might relieue our wants of fresh water: in the salt marshes we found a place of brakish water, whereof till better could be gotten, we were forced to make vse. Here the Inhabitants brought downe to sell fiue or sixe goats and sheepe, and some fruits, which for reliefe of our out-tired weake people were all bought.

The seuenth, we filled some water, bought some small prouisions as the people brought down: we haled the Release a ground, in hope to stop her leaks, beeing as it were in a manner deuoured with wormes, for the safetie of her and her people: we erected a Tent, in which I continued, keeping a Court of Guard and Centinels aboard, to preuent the practise of the Portugals our ene∣mies to preiudice vs. The eighth, all our Carpenters vsed their best endeauours to trie the stop∣ping [ 20] of the Pinnasse her leaks: this day Nicholas Bangham came downe, bringing prouisions such as by the Generals directions he had prouided, as Limes for our diseased people, bread, lamp-oyle, and candles, and his owne prouisions. This euening, some of our inhabiting neighbours of the neerest Villages,* 1.11 informed the Generall, that in the Riuer was arriued two Gallies, and eightie Frigats: vpon which newes the Generall altered his determination, and for the better securitie thought good to bring all our forces together, the better to frustrate any practises that might be intended against vs; wherefore at his first departure aboord his ship, which rid in the Offing, gaue me directions to guard the said Barke vpon the shoare, and as soon as the tide serued, to heaue her a float by my ship, or the Darling, which about midnight was performed; when presently we set saile ouer the Barre, and rid by the Admirall. [ 30]

The ninth in the morning, Coia Nassan came downe, the Generall beeing then on shoare; hee certified the Generall, that so soone as all our ships were come into the roade, hee would bring downe goods and trade with vs; in the meane time a Market should be kept vpon the sea strand, of all necessary prouisions; also informed the Generall, that the Frigats last come into the Riuer, was a Caphala or fleete of Partugall Merchant Frigats, bound to Cambaya: at his departure Ni∣cholas Bangham went vp to Surat with him.

The twelfth, beeing in the road, we had a Market there kept vpon the strand of diuers sorts of prouisions,* 1.12 to wit, Meale, Bread, Bullocks, Goats, Sheepe, Hennes, Butter and Cheese, Su∣gar and Sugar-Candie, Limes, Plantans, Water-Mellons, Goards, Onions, Radishes, Pallinge∣nies, Cucumbers, Milke, a kind of Peascod which they call Paupery, and Gindus, a small fruit [ 40] as big as a little Crab, beeing in taste betweene sweet and sowre, and in the midst thereof hath a small round stone, Sugar-canes, and Tobacco, also Salt-fish dryed, and Praunes, and Palmita wine, which they call Taddy. All these afore-named things were at reasonable cheape rates.

The one and twentieth, my Centinell vpon the Mount, saw ouer the top of an other hill neere adioyning, the heads of some of the Portugals, who there lay in ambush to the number of fiue hundred men:* 1.13 he had no sooner giuen the Alarum, but presently they seeing themselues dis∣couered, they all with their colours aduanced, with great celeritie ranne downe, to cut off our people from the Boat; but hauing a little tasted of our shot, both out of great and small Peeces, and seeing some of their fellowes tumbling in the mud, they made as great hast backe out of the reach of them: diuers of them that fell downe, afterwards came to themselues, and made means [ 50] to crawle away, onely Antonio de Sowso, a Gentleman of Chaul, hauing a deadly wound in the head, lay still. We seeing the neglect of compassion by his friends, in commiseration fetcht him aboord; whose wound beeing incurable, he died within two houres after, and we buried him on the shoare. Sir Henry Middleton in his ship in the Offing, hearing our peeces, and doubting of some disgust, hastned with his Frigat full of people vnto vs, yet notwithstanding we gaue the enemie leaue to take his pleasure on the shoare, without landing to trie any further fortunes with them: going on shoare we found diuers of their reliques, as shooes and socks, which for their more expedition away, they left behind: afterwards we were informed by the Muccadam or Consta∣ble of Swally, that the Portugals had kild and hurt in this attempt, eight of their people. [ 60]

The foure and twentieth afternoone, came downe Mucrib Chan, with one hundred horse∣men,* 1.14 and many more footmen, fiue Elephants, with diuers Camels, Carts and Oxen, for tran∣sportation of his prouisions, wherein he shewed his greatnesse. Furthermore, he had diuers Carts to carrie his Leopards, wherewith at his pleasure he vseth to hunt. Hee was there met by Sir

Henry Middleton, at whose landing was discharged a Volley of an hundred and threescore small shot, and at the instant of their salutation each ship in order shot, to wit, the Darling three, the Pepper-corne fiue, and the Trades-increase nine peeces of Ordnance, then was deliuered vnto him the King of Englands Letter and Present vnto himselfe, whereof with all shewes of kindnesse he accepted: and Macrib Chan with sixteene Moguls and Moores, such as he made choice of (lea∣uing the rest of his followers a shoare with Hoia Nassan, and Coia Arsan Alle, and other Mer∣chants, where was erected as it were a little Towne of tents) boldly accompanied S. Henrie Middleton aboord the Trades. Increase, where in the best manner the ship affoorded, he was enter∣tained, and continued all night, and part of the next day.* 1.15 Sir Henry Middleton often vrged him [ 10] concerning our maine businesse, which he still put off with delaies till an other time. But all his booking was, both himselfe and by diuers instruments to find out, and buy all such fantasticall toyes, that might fit his turne to please the toyish humour of the great King his Master, and for ought that we could gather, further then serued his owne turne, he little respected our selling or buying of our principall Merchandize brought for that place; hauing satisfied himselfe in th••t ship by his wittiest inquisition, desired in like mann••r to see the other ships, where he ranne the like course aboord the Pepper-corne: he bought all our Chests of Sword-blades, whereof he seemed to be so greedy, as he would not trust vs to send them after him, but would see them all sent a shoare before his departure, which in few dayes after, hauing selected out all the crooked ones, and such as liked him, sent backe the rest carelesly, and ill conditioned, as their accustomed manner is to [ 20] doe all things whatsoeuer they haue bought, when by all the view they can haue they dislike the same. Which businesse being ended, they hastened a shoare accompanied by S. Henry Middleton, my selfe, Captaine Sharpeigh, and Iohn Iordaine. He beeing landed, carried vs to his Tent, where being all set vpon Carpets, with many of his friends, Sir Henry Middleton againe mooued speech concerning our businesse, as aforesaid: which he againe put off till to morrow. When wee saw nothing to be done, and the night approaching, we tooke leaue, departing aboord to spend the night in consultation of our next dayes businesse or affaires.

The sixe and twentieth in the morning, Sir Henry M••ddleton hastened ashoare, thinking to doe much businesse: being come he was informed that Macrib Chan was gone, and yet the bet∣ter to pacifie him, they told him he was gone to the Portugals to make friendship betweene vs, [ 30] which the Generall well knew was not so, but rather suspected that his going to the Portugals was, hauing receiued alreadie from vs in presents all hee could get, that hee would now also see what he could get from the Portugals to doe ill Offices against vs. Wherefore, laden with dis∣content, he againe departed aboard his ship in the offing, Hoia Nassan yet staying, pretending of purpose to buy our Commodities, whereof the Generall set downe the particular prizes, but this day being farre spent, it was referred till the day following.

The seuen and twentieth in the morning Macr••b Chan sent one of his chiefe Gentlemen and his Broker with a Letter to the Generall:* 1.16 which I supposing to be of import and behoofe of our Common-wealthes businesse, presently in my Boat sent the Messenger aboard the Admirall, the effect whereof was soone found to be no other then to beg his perfumed Ierkin and his Spaniell [ 40] Dogge, which was denyed him the day before when he begged his Beuer Hat: also hee desired our workmen and Smith to make him the modell of a chaine pumpe, also this morning Captaine Sharpeigh and Master Iourdaine went ashoare to Hoia Nassan, to conferre with him of the prizes of our Commodities.

The eight and twentieth, Hoia Nassan departed to Su••at, carrying with him the Generals Ierkin and Dogge, which Macrib Chan had formerly begged, and that we should the lesse doubt, he left behind him in his Tent Hoia Iellardin his sonne-in-law, pretending he should stay till his returne. Hoia Nassan being once gone, he set slight, being carelesse of our businesse, and the next night he dissolued his Tent and departed, to no small disturbance to vs, seeing none left to recti∣fie any businesse. This day Bartholmew Dauis one of our Carpenters was sent to Surat, to make [ 50] prouision of plankes and boards for re-edifying of the Release, wee there into incouraged by their fauourable promise, in which is very small hold, for he once there, found nothing but de∣lusions or delayes, for wheresoeuer he found Timbe••, either he could not find any to sell it, or not to saw it; so all his businesse was not onely frustrate, but he also in despaire of libertie to returne. This day Master Iourdaine, Master Frain, and others went vp to a Village neere adioyning to view some packes of Indian Cloth, which Hoia Nassan had brought downe thither to barter with vs for some of our Commodities: they returning brought downe the Mustraes of euerie sort, and the prizes demanded for them per Corge: the Generall vpon such as he liked set downe what prizes he would giue for them, requiring them to doe the like by his Commodities, and to haue answere the next day: but they held them at high rates, and offered weakly for our Com∣modities, [ 60] which they esteemed of necessitie, we must be forced to sell them howsoeuer.

The first of December, they perceiuing that Sir Henry Middleton would not giue them their demand for their Commodities, nor sell them his at their owne rates, to shew their carelesnesse,* 1.17 or to try his temper, did not onely speedily send for their Mustraes of clothes, but also carryed backe to Surat, all such packes as they had formerly brought downe to Damka, a Village three

mile from vs. Also the poore Inhabitants were restrayned from bringing downe prouisions to sell vs, as formerly by permission they did.

The sixth, the Generall was informed the Mockrib Chan, and Hoia Nassan were comming downe, and in the euening we see as it were a Village of Tents pitcht somewhat more then a mile within the land, to the East-ward of the Road, but whether they came in peace or no, we knew not.

The seuenth, Iaddow & Narran Brokers came downe, certifying the General that Mockrib Chan and Hoia Nassan were comming downe, and were now at the Tents, and to morrow would bee heere with him.* 1.18 They translated our Kings Letter, and then departed, but yet their extraordi∣nary sadnesse, as men sent by constraint, gaue vs no hope of good towards vs, the rather for [ 10] that they had formerly restrayned as prisoner our man sent to the Towne about businesse, as also their seueritie in proclayming the losse of their noses, to any that should bring downe any proui∣sion to vs, whereby they shewed their desire to force vs away by Famine. This day the Darling was againe haled off to her morning.

* 1.19The eighth, Mockrib Chan and Hoia Nassan, came downe with a great traine to the water∣side, and at the same time, to put iealousie of their ill dealing from vs, brought downe some for∣tie or fiftie packes of Indian Clothes, and so increasing to the number of a hundred and eight packes, yet the sight thereof could not mooue all of vs to beleeue, they meant faithfully to deale with vs: but they hauing extraordinary desire to our Quick-siluer, and Vermilion, and Mockrib Chan to our Veluet, though they made smallest shew thereof. Yet for that it could not be had by [ 20] it selfe, without our Lead and other Commodities, by which meanes they condescended to deale at present for our Lead also, deferring all the rest till some other time, but would not deale with vs otherwise, but so as they would gaine fiftie in the hundred at their owne doores without fur∣ther aduenture, and ours which we haue brought so farre, wee could not draw them but to such poore rates, as will beare but a small part of our fraight hither.

The ninth in the morning, Sir Henry Middleton went on shoare, not hauing any sure confi∣dence in their performance, where in words they continued firme. Wherefore the Trades In∣crease began to land her Lead; somewhat before noone was brought vnto Mockrib Chan, a Letter from the great Mogull, whereat he was so dampe, that scarce any words was to be gotten from him, but presently after dinner he departed, but Hoia Nassan, and others continued, as they pre∣tended, to effect the businesse: this night before the Generall went aboord, being still in suspiti∣on [ 30] of inconstant dealing, and seeing the great paines and toile in landing our Lead, and what intollerable disgust or discontent would arise among our people, if by shrinking from their words we be forst againe to imbarque the same, sent some of our Factors with the Brokers to Hoia Nassan to signifie the same, and before further trouble to know his full resolution: who returned him answere, he should not need to doubt, for they would haue it all: whereby without further do••bt, the greatest expedition was vsed for landing thereof. This day in the euening, William Iohnson Sailer of the Darling, and Iohn Couerdale Trumpetter of the Admirall, ran away to the Portugall Armie, and Iohn Pattison to Surat.

The tenth, there came aboord to see our ships the Gouernour of Surat, and Coia Arsan Alle, [ 40] being departed from the Pepper-Corne with the Generall aboard the Admirall, in the offing this sudden disturbance happened, which crost the content on all sides, for Iohn Iourdaine came spee∣dily from the shoare to informe the Generall, how that Hoia Nassan hauing alreadie the Veluet and some other things which he most desired, was now in a great fit of wrangling, so that hee thought no good for vs would be done: for he had both made them giue ouer weighing the lead; and also sent for his Oxen to draw away the Carts with the packes of Indian Clothes: where∣at the Generall grew so impatient, that he presently made stay (to inforce performance) both of the Gouernour and Coia Arsan Ally, to their great trouble of minde, but after some little pause, the Generall caused them to be imbarqued with himselfe in the Frigat, and came in calling vpon me in the Pepper-Corne, to impart what he had done, wishing my opinion, who seeing him in the [ 50] right way, saw no cause to counsell him to reuoke the same▪ but rather for securitie of our busi∣nesse to perseuere: from me he departed to the shoare with a reasonable Guard, and gaue Hoia Nassan knowledge, what his crosse dealing had forced him vnto, and that since the Gouernour of Surat came in curtesie, and the businesse concernes him not; wisht himselfe to come aboard and take his place, and he would dismisse the Gouernour; who seeing no other remedie, with a grimme looke and sowre countenance came into the Frigat, and the Gouernour to his great con∣tent was dismist, and they were brought to remayne with me in the Pepper-Corne.

The eleuenth, we continued landing of our Lead, and had so lightned the Admirall, that at high-water the night following to our great content, we brought her in ouer the barre, also ha∣uing now all our strength together where our businesse lay. [ 60]

The twelfth in the morning, Sir Henry Middleton sent for the Gentlemen Prisoners to bee brought aboard his greater ship; which Hoia Nassan for long time obstinately refused, till I had order to send him p••rforce: hee being there, in regard of the hastening of our businesse it was thought fit to inlarge them both, leauing other pledges in their places, as for Coia Nassan was

Coia Illardin his sonne in law, and one of his sonnes: and for Hoia Arsan Alle, two Persian Merchants. And for pledges on our side to remayne with them in their Tents, were Iohn Wil∣liams and Henry Boothby: this night were opened, counted, sorted and agreed for fortie packes of Indian Clothes.

The fifteenth, there came to vs two Portugall youthes from the Armie, one of them beeing the Captaine Maior his Page.* 1.20

The sixteenth, in the morning wee saw to the Southward fiue Portugall Colours displayed: whereof the Generall vnderstanding presently by his command, were landed some two hundred armed men with Shot and Pikes to meet them: which they perceiuing retyred, in which pur∣suit [ 10] being neere vnto our Swally, wee met with Hoia Nassan and all his troupes,* 1.21 who was com∣ming downe with some twentie packes more of Indian Clothes: he informed the Generall that the Portugals were alreadie gotten ouer the muddie Creekes, and were neere vnto their Frigats, wherefore the Generall gaue ouer his pursuite, and returned aboord.

The nineteenth, Peter Rosemary (a Portugall whome wee brought out of England) a Sailer of the Trade, being appointed as Guardian to attend on (or looke to) Francisco Consalues, they both ran away to the Armie.

The seuen and twentieth, there came from Surat Hoia Nassan, to see if hee could buy any of our Clothes and other Commodities: but not agreeing vpon the prcies, hee againe departed. This day by a Iew from Masulipatan, the Generall receiued a Letter from one Peter Floris (a Dutchman imployed by the Company of Merchants of London trading to East-India, who had [ 20] there setled a Factorie) certifying the Generall of three ships, which were comming out of Eng∣land, whereof one was to goe into Red-Sea: which was very vnpleasing to the Generall and vs all, in regard of the danger we suspected they should fall into.

The thirtieth, Master Iourdaine and Master Fraine were sent to Surat, to agree for some more Indian Clothes, as also to vrge the putting off of some of our Commodities. The same day the Generall receiued a Letter from Captaine Haukins at Cambaya, signifying that his determi∣nation was with all his houshold to take his passage to Goa, and from thence to England; But Sir Henry Middleton conceiting, if hee once get to Goa, his goods would stop his passage to Eng∣land, if not shorten his life, by the same Messenger did most earnestly and friendly aduise him to the contrarie, and inuited him to take his passage with vs into England: also our people at [ 30] Surat informed the Generall that Mockrib Chan made shew to bee willing that wee should leaue a Factorie for venting of the remayne of our Commodities: which kept vs sometime in hope, but afterwards vanisht by inconstancie.

The eight of Ianuarie, Nicholas Vphlet came downe from Cambaya,* 1.22 with Letters from Captaine Haukins to the Generall, certifying him that by reason of his former Letter, hee de∣termined to come downe to our shippes, and take his passage with vs.

The sixe and twentieth, Captaine Sharpeigh, Master Fraine,* 1.23 Captaine Hawkins with all his goods and Family, and the rest (Nicholas Vphlet excepted) came downe, whom the Generall with a Troupe of some two hundred men, went some three mile vp into [ 40] the Land to meete and guard them from the Portugalls, whose Armie was not fare off.

The seuen and twentieth, the Generall sent Iohn Williams to Surat, to know their resolutions for leauing a Factory there.

The nine and twentieth, Iohn Williams returned with an absolute denyall of hauing any further dealing with our Nation, but were all commanded to bee gone out of Surat, not permitting them to stay to receiue Debts there owing them: wherefore they sent to know the Generals pleasure, whether they should presently come downe, or vse meanes to delay the time, to see whether their determination therein would alter.

The thirtieth, Sir Henry Middleton writ to our people at Surat, speedily to repaire downe to our ships.

The one and thirtieth, according to the Generals direction, all our people came downe from [ 50] Surat with all their goods.

The sixth of February, there passed by towards Cambaya, a great Caphala,* 1.24 or Fleet of neere fiue hundred saile of Portugall Frigats.

The ninth in the morning, vpon the top of a high water, the Admirall warped out ouer the Barre, and anchored in the Offing. This day about noone came downe from Cambaya, Nicholas Vphlet, Captaine Haukins seruant, whom they had left behind in pawne, as afore-said, for whom we stayed since the last of Ianuarie, what time our Merchants were expelled Surat. This day in the euening we set saile, and went out ouer the Barre, and anchored in eight fathome, some mile in the Offing thereof, neere vnto the Admirall.

[ 60]

Notes

• * 1.1

  Octob. 1.
• * 1.2

  Insolence of Portuga••s.
• * 1.3

  Vngracious gratitude.
• * 1.4

  A Portugall Fri∣gat taken.
• * 1.5

  Three hundred Portugals assault our men.
• * 1.6

  Certaine Eng∣lishmen ••ome a∣boord.
• * 1.7

  Captaine Shar∣peigh commeth aboord.

  Our Generall goeth on land.
• * 1.8

  October.
• * 1.9

  Nouember. 1.
• * 1.10

  An excellent roade found.
• * 1.11

  Newes of more Portugals.
• * 1.12

  A Market at the road of Swally.
• * 1.13

  A second assault of the Portugals.
• * 1.14

  The arriuall of Mucrib Chan the Gouernour of Cambaya.
• * 1.15

  Macrib Chan came aboord the Trades In∣crease.
• * 1.16

  Base Vanitie.
• * 1.17

  Decemb. 1.
• * 1.18

  Barbarous in∣humanitie.
• * 1.19

  Chiefe Com∣modities for India.
• * 1.20

  Portugall Fu∣gitiues.
• * 1.21

  Portugalls bra∣uery and flight.
• * 1.22

  Ianuary 8.
• * 1.23

  Capt. Hawkins.
• * 1.24

  February, 6.