Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 2] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

Examination vppon the sayd Articles.

ALl these articles I thought good here to place toge∣ther, that as often as hereafter rehearsall shall be of a∣ny of them, y^e reader may haue recourse hether, and peruse the same, and not to trouble the storye with seuerall repe∣ticions thereof.

Lincolne.

After these Articles were read, the Bishoppes tooke counsayle togethers. At the last the Bishop of Lin∣colne sayde:* 1.1 these are the very same Articles whiche you in open disputation here in the Uniuersitie did mayntayn and defend. What say you vnto the first? I praye you aun∣swere affirmatiuely, or negatiuely.

Ridly.

Why my Lorde, I supposed your gentlenes, had bene such, that you would haue geuen me space vntyll to morow, that vpon good aduisement, I might bring a de∣terminate aunswere.

Lincoln.

Yea M. Ridley, I meane not that youre aun∣sweres nowe shall be preiudiciall to your aunsweres to morow. I will take your aunsweres at this tyme, and yet notwithstāding it shalbe lawfull to you to adde, diminish, alter, and chaunge of these answeres to morow what you will.

Ridly.

In deede, in like maner at our laste disputations I hadde many thinges promised, and fewe performed.* 1.2 It was sayde that after disputations, I shoulde haue a co∣pye thereof, and licence to chaunge myne aunsweres, as I should thinke good, It was meete also that I should haue seene what was writtē by the Notaries at that time.* 1.3 So your Lordship pretended great gentlenes in geuyng me a tyme, but this gentlenes is the same, that Christ had of the high priestes: for you, as youre Lordshippe saythe, haue no power to condemne me, neyther at anye tyme to put a man to death, so in like sorte the high Priestes sayd, that it was not lawfull for them to put any man to death. but committed Christ to Pilate, neyther would suffer him

to absolue Christ, although he sought all the meanes ther∣fore that he might. Then spake Doctour Weston, one of the audience.

West.

What? do you make the king Pilate?

Rid.

* 1.4No mayster Doctor, I doe but compare youre deedes with Cayphas his deedes and the high Priestes, whiche woulde condemne no manne to deathe, as ye will not, and yet would not suffer Pilate to absolue and deli∣uer Christ.

Lincol.

M. Ridley, we minde not but that you shal en∣ioy the benefite of aunswering to morow, and will take your aunsweres now as now, to morow you shal change take out, adde, and alter what you will. In the meane sea∣son we require you to aunswere directly to euery Article, either affirmatiuely, or negatiuely.

Ridly.

Seyng you appoynt me a time to aunswere to morow,* 1.5 and yet will take mine aunsweres out of hande, first I require the Notaryes, to take and write my prote∣station, that in no poynt I acknowledge your authority, or admit you to be my Iudges, in that poynt you are au∣thorised from the Pope. Therefore what soeuer I shall say or doe, I protest, I neither say it, neither do it willing∣ly, thereby to admit the authoritie of the Pope: & if your Lordship will geue me leaue, I wil shew the causes, whi∣che moueth me thereunto.

Lincol.

No M. Ridley, wee haue instructions to the contrary. We may not suffer you.

Ridley.

* 1.6I will be short: I pray youre Lordships suffer me to speake in fewe wordes.

Linc.

No M. Ridley, wee may not abuse the hearers eares.

Rid.

Why my Lord, suffer me to speake three words.

Linc.

Well M. Ridley, to morow you shall speake 40. The time is farre paste: therefore wee require your aun∣swere determinately. What say you to the first article? and thereupon rehearsed the same.

Rid.

* 1.7My protestation alwaies saued, that by this mine aunswere I do not condescend, to your authoritie, in that you are Legate to the Pope, I aunswere thus: In a sense the first article is true, and in a sense it is false: for if you take really for verè, for spiritually by grace and efficacye, then is it true that the naturall body and bloud of Christe is in the sacrament verè & realiter, in deede and really: but if you take these termes so grossely, that you woulde con∣clude thereby a naturall body hauing motion, to be con∣tayned vnder the formes of bread and wine verè & realiter, then really is not the body and bloud of Christ in the Sa∣crament, no more then the holy Ghost is in the element of water in our Baptisme. Because this aunswere was not vnderstoode, the Notaries wist not how to note it: wher∣fore the Bishop of Lincolne willed him to aunswere either affirmatiuely, or negatiuely, either to graunt the Article, or to deny it.

Rid.

My Lorde, you know that where anye aequiuoca∣tion (whiche is a woorde hauyng two significations) is, excepte distinction bee geuen, no direct aunswere can bee made: for it is one of Aristotles fallacies, containing two questions vnder one, the whiche cannot bee satisfied with one aunswere. For both you and I agree herein, that in the sacrament is the verye true and naturall bodye and bloud of Christ, euen that whiche was borne of the Uir∣gine Marye,* 1.8 whiche ascended into heauen, whiche sitteth on the right hand of God the Father, which shall come frō thence to iudge the quicke and the dead, onely we differ in modo:* 1.9 in the way and maner of being: we confesse all one thing to be in the sacrament, and dissent in the maner of being there. I being fully by Gods word thereunto per∣swaded, confesse Christes naturall body to be in the sacra∣ment in deede by spirite and grace, because that whosoeuer receiueth worthely that bread and wine, receiueth effectu∣ously Christes body and drinketh his bloud, that is, he is, made effectually partaker of hys Passion: and you make a grosser kynde of being, enclosing a natuall, a lyuely and mouing body vnder the shape or forme of breade and wyne.

Now, this difference considered, to the question thus I aunswere:* 1.10 that in the sacrament of the altar is the natu∣rall body and bloud of Christ verè & realiter, in deede and really, if you take these termes in deed and really for spiri∣tually by grace and efficacy: for so euery worthy receyuer receiueth the very true body of Christe: but if you meane really and in deede, so that therby you woulde include a liuely and a mouable body vnder the formes of bread and wyne, then in that sense is not Christes body in the sacra∣ment really and in deede.

This aunswere taken and penned of the Notaryes, y^e Boshop of Lincolne proposed the second question or Ar∣ticle. To whome he aunswered.

Rid.

Alwayes my protestation reserued, I aunswere thus: that in the sacrament is a certayne chaunge in the••r y^e Bread whiche was before was common bread, is nowe made a liuely representation of Christes Bodye,* 1.11 and not onely a figure, but effectuously representeth his body, that euen as the mortall bodye was nourished by that visible bread, so is the internall soule fed with the heauenly foode of Christes body, whiche the eyes of faythe seethe, as the bodily eyes seeth onely breade. Such a sacramental muta∣tion I graunt to be in the bread and wyne, whiche truely is no small chaunge, but suche a chaunge as no mo tall man can make but onely that omnipotencie of Chrystes worde.

¶Then the Byshoppe of Lincolne willed hym to an∣swere directly, eyther affirmatiuely or negatiuely, with∣out further declaration of the matter. Then hee aun∣swered:

Rid.

That notwithstanding this sacramentall mutati∣on of the whiche he spake,* 1.12 and all the Doctours confessed the true substaunce and nature of bread and wine remai∣neth, with the whiche the bodye is in like sorte nourished as the soule by grace and spirite with the body of Chryste. Euen so in Baptisme the body is washed with the visible water, and the soule is clensed from all filth by the inuisi∣ble holy Ghost, and yet the water ceaseth not to be water but keepeth the nature of water still: In like sort in the sa∣crament of the Lordes supper the bread ceaseth not to bee bread,

Then the Notaryes penned, that he aunswered affir∣matiuely to the second article. The Byshop of Lincolne declared a difference betweene the sacramente of the altar and Baptisme,* 1.13 because that Chryste sayde not by the water this is the holy Ghost, as he did by the bread: thys is my body.

Then mayster Ridley recited saynct Austen, whiche conferred both the sacramentes the one with the other: but the Byshoppe of Lincolne notwithstanding there∣vpon recited the third article, and required a directe aun∣swere. To whom Ridley sayd.

Rid.

Chryst as saynct Paule wryteth, made one per∣fecte sacrifice for the sinnes of the whole worlde, neyther can anye man reiterate that sacrifice of his,* 1.14 and yet is the Communion an acceptable sacrifice to God of prayse and thanksgeuing: but to say that thereby sinnes are taken a∣way (whiche wholy and perfectly was done by Christes passion, of the whiche the Communion is onely a memo∣ry) that is a great derogation of the merites of Chrystes passion:* 1.15 for the sacrament was instituted that wee recey∣uing it, and thereby recognising and remembryng hys Passion, shoulde be partakers of the merites of the same. For otherwise doth this sacrament take vpon it the office of Christes Passion, whereby it might follow that Christe dyed in vayne.

¶The Notaryes penned this hys aunswere to be af∣firmatiuely. Then sayd the Byshop of Lincolne:

Lin.

In deede as you alledge out of Sayncte Paule, Christ made one perfecte oblation for all the whole world, that is, that bloudy sacrifice vpon the crosse:* 1.16 yet neuerthe∣lesse he hath lefte this sacrifice, but not bloudy, in the re∣membraunce of that, by the whiche sinnes are forgeuen: the whiche is no derogation of Christes Passion.

¶Then recited the Byshop of Lincolne the fourth ar∣ticle. To the which M. Ridley aunswered:

Rid.

That in some part the fourth was true, & in some parte false, true in y^t those hys assertions were condemned as heresies, although vniustly:* 1.17 false in that it was sayde they were condemned scientia scholastica, in that the dispu∣tations were in suche sorte ordered, that it was farre from any schole acte.

¶This aunswere penned of the Notaryes, the By∣shop of Lincolne rehearsed the fift Article. To the whiche he aunswered:

Rid.

That the premisses were in suche sorte true, as in these his aunsweres he had declared. Whether that al men spake euill of them he knew not, in that hee came not so much abroad to heare what euery man reported.

¶This aunswere also written of the Notaryes, the bi∣shop of Lincolne sayde:

Lin.

To morow at eyght of the clocke you shall appeare before vs in S. Maryes Churche,* 1.18 and then because wee cannot well agree vpon your aunswere to the first article (for it was long before hee was vnderstoode) if it wyll please you to wryte youre aunswere, you shall haue penne, inke, and paper, & bookes suche as you shall re∣quire: but if you wryte any thing sauing your aunswers to these Articles, wee will not receaue it: so hee charging

the Maior with him, declaryng also to the Maior that he shoulde suffer hym to haue penne and inke dimissed M. Ridley, and sent for Master Latimer, who being brought to the Diuinitie Schole, there taryed tyll they called for hym.

Notes

• * 1.1

  B. Ridley exa∣mined vpon the Articles afore∣sayd.
• * 1.2

  The Catholicke promise fayre, but they per∣forme nothing.
• * 1.3

  The hie Priestes had not power to put Christ to death, but they had power to commit him to Pilate, neyther would they suf∣fer him to ab••solue Christ.
• * 1.4

  D. Westō shoo∣teth his bolte.
• * 1.5

  The protestatiō of D. Ridley.
• * 1.6

  D. Ridley can∣not be suffered to speake.
• * 1.7

  The reall pre∣sence in the Sa∣crament may haue a double sense.

  Equiuocation in the word really. How the body of Christ may be sayd to be really, and how not really in the Sacrament.
• * 1.8

  ••. Questions vnder one.
• * 1.9

  The Papistes & Protestantes in graunting the presence do a∣gree•• onely in the maner of being they dif∣fer.

  How Christes body is effectu∣ously receaued in the Sacramēt.
• * 1.10

  How Christ may be graun∣ted to be really in the Sacramēt, and how not.
• * 1.11

  What change is in the Sacra∣mentall bread. Sacramen∣tall mutati∣on.

  The sub∣staunce of bread and wine in the•• Sacrament not chāged.
• * 1.12

  Comparisō betweene the Sacra∣ment of the Communiō and of Bap∣tisme.
• * 1.13

  What dif∣ference the Catholicks put be∣tweene the Sacrament of the Cō∣munion, and Baptisme.
• * 1.14

  Aunswere to the 3. Article.
• * 1.15

  Propitiato∣ry sacrifice of the masse is a deroga∣tion to Christes passion.
• * 1.16

  Vnbloudy sacrifice.
• * 1.17

  Answere to the 4. Ar∣ticle.
• * 1.18

  D. Ridley assigned to appeare a∣gayne the next day.